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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Major ecological regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_ecological_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major ecological regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_ecological_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amazonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Amazonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Caribbean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Andes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Andes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Central Andes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Andes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Eastern South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Andes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Andes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Northern Andes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Andes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orinoco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orinoco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Orinoco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orinoco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Southern South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endemic_animals_and_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endemic_animals_and_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Endemic animals and plants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Endemic_animals_and_plants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Endemic animals and plants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Endemic_animals_and_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neotropical_terrestrial_ecoregions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neotropical_terrestrial_ecoregions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Neotropical terrestrial ecoregions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neotropical_terrestrial_ecoregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General and cited bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neotropical realm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="الإقليم المداري الجديد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإقليم المداري الجديد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotr%C3%B3picu" title="Neotrópicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Neotrópicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="নিওট্রপিক্যাল জীবভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিওট্রপিক্যাল জীবভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Неатропіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неатропіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нэатропіка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэатропіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Неотропическа биогеографска област – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неотропическа биогеографска област" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropik" title="Neotropik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neotropik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_neotropical" title="Zona neotropical – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zona neotropical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropick%C3%A1_oblast" title="Neotropická oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neotropická oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropis" title="Neotropis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neotropis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotroopis" title="Neotroopis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neotroopis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotr%C3%B3pico" title="Neotrópico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neotrópico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropiso" title="Neotropiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neotropiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropikoa" title="Neotropikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neotropikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="قلمرو نوحاره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلمرو نوحاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cozone_n%C3%A9otropique" title="Écozone néotropique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écozone néotropique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotr%C3%B3pico" title="Neotrópico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neotrópico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80%EA%B5%AC" title="신열대구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신열대구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नियोट्रोपिकल जैवभूक्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नियोट्रोपिकल जैवभूक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_neotropis" title="Wilayah neotropis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah neotropis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecozona_neotropicale" title="Ecozona neotropicale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecozona neotropicale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="האזור הנאוטרופי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האזור הנאוטרופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="ნეოტროპიკის ოლქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეოტროპიკის ოლქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Неотропиктик флористикалык царство – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неотропиктик флористикалык царство" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Неотропика – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Неотропика" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecozona_neotropica" title="Oecozona neotropica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oecozona neotropica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropikai" title="Neotropikai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neotropikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ajvil%C3%A1gi_tr%C3%B3pusok_fl%C3%B3rabirodalma" title="Újvilági trópusok flórabirodalma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Újvilági trópusok flórabirodalma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropisch_gebied" title="Neotropisch gebied – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neotropisch gebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF%E5%8C%BA" title="新熱帯区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新熱帯区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropis" title="Neotropis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neotropis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_neotropiske_regionen" title="Den neotropiske regionen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den neotropiske regionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropik_oblast" title="Neotropik oblast – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neotropik oblast" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraina_neotropikalna" title="Kraina neotropikalna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraina neotropikalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_neotropical" title="Região neotropical – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região neotropical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Неотропика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неотропика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropic" title="Neotropic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neotropic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropska_regija" title="Neotropska regija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neotropska regija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropska_ekozona" title="Neotropska ekozona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neotropska ekozona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropiska_regionen" title="Neotropiska regionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neotropiska regionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropikal_biyoco%C4%9Frafik_b%C3%B6lgesi" title="Neotropikal biyocoğrafik bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Neotropikal biyocoğrafik bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Неотропіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неотропіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%81" title="نو حارہ ماحولیاتی خطہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نو حارہ ماحولیاتی خطہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotropis" title="Neotropis – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Neotropis" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E7%95%8C" title="新熱帶界 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新熱帶界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the musical artist, see <a href="/wiki/Riz_Maslen" title="Riz Maslen">Neotropic (band)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Neotropical_realm" title="Special:EditPage/Neotropical realm">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Neotropical+realm%22">"Neotropical realm"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Neotropical+realm%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Neotropical+realm%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Neotropical+realm%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Neotropical+realm%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Neotropical+realm%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecozone_Neotropic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ecozone_Neotropic.svg/320px-Ecozone_Neotropic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ecozone_Neotropic.svg/480px-Ecozone_Neotropic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ecozone_Neotropic.svg/640px-Ecozone_Neotropic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>The Neotropical realm (in purple)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Neotropical realm</b> is one of the eight <a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">biogeographic realms</a> constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion#Terrestrial" title="Ecoregion">terrestrial ecoregions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and the entire <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a> zone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeography</a>, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial realm">terrestrial realms</a>. This realm includes South America, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Islands">Caribbean Islands</a>, and southern North America. In Mexico, the <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán Peninsula</a> and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Peninsula">Baja California Peninsula</a> are Neotropical. In the United States <a href="/wiki/Southern_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Florida">southern Florida</a> and coastal <a href="/wiki/Central_Florida" title="Central Florida">Central Florida</a> are considered Neotropical.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical <a href="/wiki/Phytochorion" title="Phytochorion">Floristic Kingdom</a> excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Floristic_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Floristic Kingdom">Antarctic kingdom</a>. </p><p>The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>. Its fauna and flora are distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic realm</a> (which includes most of North America) because of the long separation of the two continents. The formation of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a> joined the two continents two to three million years ago, precipitating the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Interchange" title="Great American Interchange">Great American Interchange</a>, an important <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeographical</a> event. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of South and Central America with countries and subdivisions in different shades of purple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg/200px-Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg/300px-Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg/400px-Neotropic-Ecozone-Biocountries-IM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The Neotropical realm and its subdivisions</div></div></div></div> <p>The Neotropic includes more <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a>) than any other realm, extending from southern Mexico through Central America and northern South America to southern Brazil, including the vast <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>. These rainforest ecoregions are one of the most important reserves of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> on Earth. These rainforests are also home to a diverse array of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>, who to varying degrees persist in their autonomous and traditional cultures and <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_economy" title="Subsistence economy">subsistence</a> within this environment. The number of these peoples who are as yet relatively untouched by external influences continues to decline significantly, however, along with the near-exponential expansion of <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>, roads, <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forest_industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest industries">forest industries</a> which encroach on their customary lands and environment. Nevertheless, amidst these declining circumstances this vast "reservoir" of human diversity continues to survive, albeit much depleted. In South America alone, some 350–400 <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">indigenous languages and dialects</a> are still living (down from an estimated 1,500 at the time of <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">first European contact</a>), in about 37 distinct <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language families</a> and a further number of <a href="/wiki/Unclassified_language" title="Unclassified language">unclassified</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolate languages</a>. Many of these languages and their cultures are also endangered. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/Conservation_(ethic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (ethic)">conservation</a> in the Neotropical realm is a hot political concern, and raises many arguments about development versus indigenous versus ecological rights and access to or ownership of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_ecological_regions">Major ecological regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major ecological regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> (WWF) subdivides the realm into <i><a href="/wiki/Bioregion" title="Bioregion">bioregions</a></i>, defined as "geographic clusters of ecoregions that may span several habitat types, but have strong biogeographic affinities, particularly at taxonomic levels higher than the species level (genus, family)." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">Laurel forest</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forest" title="Cloud forest">cloud forest</a> are subtropical and mild temperate <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forest</a>, found in areas with high humidity and relatively stable and mild temperatures. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">Tropical rainforest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a> are highlight<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Southern North America, Amazonia, Caribbean, Central America, Northern Andes and Central Andes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazonia">Amazonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amazonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Amazonia_bioregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonia bioregion">Amazonia bioregion</a> is mostly covered by <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical moist broadleaf forest</a>, including the vast <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>, which stretches from the Andes Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean, and the lowland forests of the <a href="/wiki/The_Guyanas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guyanas">Guianas</a>. The bioregion also includes <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical savanna">tropical savanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_dry_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical dry forest">tropical dry forest</a> ecoregions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caribbean">Caribbean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Caribbean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_bioregion" title="Caribbean bioregion">Caribbean bioregion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_America">Central America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_America_bioregion" title="Central America bioregion">Central America bioregion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Andes">Central Andes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Central Andes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a></div> <p>The Central Andes lie between the gulfs of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guayaquil" title="Gulf of Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Penas" title="Gulf of Penas">Penas</a> and thus encompass southern Ecuador, Chile, Peru, western Bolivia, and northwest and western Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_South_America">Eastern South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eastern South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eastern South America includes the <a href="/wiki/Caatinga" title="Caatinga">Caatinga</a> <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">xeric shrublands</a> of northeastern Brazil, the broad <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> grasslands and savannas of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Plateau">Brazilian Plateau</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Chaco</a> grasslands. The diverse <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic forests">Atlantic forests</a> of eastern Brazil are separated from the forests of Amazonia by the Caatinga and Cerrado, and are home to a distinct flora and fauna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Andes">Northern Andes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Northern Andes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a></div> <p>North of the Gulf of Guayaquil in Ecuador and Colombia, a series of accreted oceanic terranes (discrete allochthonous fragments) have developed that constitute the Baudo, or Coastal, Mountains and the Cordillera Occidental.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orinoco">Orinoco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Orinoco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Orinoco is a region of humid forested broadleaf forest and wetland primarily comprising the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco</a> River and other adjacent lowland forested areas. This region includes most of Venezuela and parts of Colombia, as well as <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_South_America">Southern South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Southern South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Southern_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern South America">Southern South America</a></div><p>The temperate forest ecoregions of southwestern South America, including the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate rain forest">temperate rain forests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Valdivian_temperate_rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdivian temperate rain forests">Valdivian temperate rain forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magellanic_subpolar_forests" title="Magellanic subpolar forests">Magellanic subpolar forests</a> ecoregions, and the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">Desventuradas Islands</a>, are a refuge for the ancient <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_flora" title="Antarctic flora">Antarctic flora</a>, which includes trees like the <a href="/wiki/Southern_beech" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern beech">southern beech</a> (<i>Nothofagus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Podocarpaceae" title="Podocarpaceae">podocarps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fitzroya" title="Fitzroya">alerce</a> (<i>Fitzroya cupressoides</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a> pines like the monkey-puzzle tree (<i>Araucaria araucana</i>). These rainforests are endangered by extensive logging and their replacement by fast-growing non-native pines and <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_America" title="History of South America">History of South America</a></div> <p>South America was originally part of the supercontinent of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>, which included Africa, Australia, India, New Zealand, and Antarctica, and the Neotropic shares many plant and animal lineages with these other continents, including <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupial</a> mammals and the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_flora" title="Antarctic flora">Antarctic flora</a>. </p><p>After the final breakup of the Gondwana about 110 million years ago, South America was separated from Africa and drifted north and west. 66 million years ago, the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event" title="Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event">Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event</a> altered local flora and fauna.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10.1126/science.abf1969_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1126/science.abf1969-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much later, about two to three million years ago, South America was joined with North America by the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>, which allowed a biotic exchange between the two continents, the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Interchange" title="Great American Interchange">Great American Interchange</a>. South American species like the ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_opossum" title="Virginia opossum">Virginia opossum</a> (<i>Didelphis virginiana</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillo</a> moved into North America, and North Americans like the ancestors of South America's <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">camelids</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> (<i>Lama glama</i>), moved south. The long-term effect of the exchange was the extinction of many South American species, mostly by outcompetition by northern species. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endemic_animals_and_plants">Endemic animals and plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Endemic animals and plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals">Animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Neotropical realm has 31 endemic bird families, which is over twice the number of any other realm. They include <a href="/wiki/Tanager" title="Tanager">tanagers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">rheas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinamou" title="Tinamou">tinamous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curassow" title="Curassow">curassows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antbird" title="Antbird">antbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovenbird_(family)" title="Ovenbird (family)">ovenbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toucan" title="Toucan">toucans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seriema" title="Seriema">seriemas</a>. Bird families originally unique to the Neotropics include <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" title="Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a> (family Trochilidae) and <a href="/wiki/Wren" title="Wren">wrens</a> (family Troglodytidae). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammal</a> groups originally unique to the Neotropics include: </p> <ul><li>Order <i><a href="/wiki/Xenarthra" title="Xenarthra">Xenarthra</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Anteater" title="Anteater">anteaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloth" title="Sloth">sloths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">New World monkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenodontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Solenodontidae">Solenodontidae</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solenodon" title="Solenodon">solenodons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviomorpha" title="Caviomorpha">Caviomorpha</a> <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Capybara" title="Capybara">capybaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pigs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutia" title="Hutia">hutias</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla" title="Chinchilla">chinchillas</a></li> <li>American opossums (order <i><a href="/wiki/Didelphimorphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Didelphimorphia">Didelphimorphia</a></i>) and shrew opossums (order <i><a href="/wiki/Paucituberculata" title="Paucituberculata">Paucituberculata</a></i>)</li></ul> <p>The Neotropical realm has 63 endemic <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> families and subfamilies, which is more than any other realm.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neotropical_fish" title="Neotropical fish">Neotropical fishes</a> include more than 5,700 species, and represent at least 66 distinct lineages in continental freshwaters (Albert and Reis, 2011). The well-known <a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_piranha" title="Red-bellied piranha">red-bellied piranha</a> is endemic to the Neotropic realm, occupying a larger geographic area than any other piranha species. Some <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> groups originally unique to the Neotropics include: </p> <ul><li>Order <a href="/wiki/Gymnotiformes" title="Gymnotiformes">Gymnotiformes</a>: Neotropical electric fishes</li> <li>Family <a href="/wiki/Characidae" title="Characidae">Characidae</a>: tetras and allies</li> <li>Family <a href="/wiki/Loricariidae" title="Loricariidae">Loricariidae</a>: armoured catfishes</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Cichlinae" title="Cichlinae">Cichlinae</a>: Neotropical cichlids</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/wiki/Poeciliinae" title="Poeciliinae">Poeciliinae</a>: guppies and relatives</li></ul> <p>Examples of other animal groups that are entirely or mainly restricted to the Neotropical region include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caiman" title="Caiman">Caimans</a></li> <li>New World <a href="/wiki/Coral_snake" title="Coral snake">coral snakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_dart_frog" title="Poison dart frog">Poison dart frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dactyloidae" title="Dactyloidae">Dactyloidae</a> ("anoles")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_iguana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock iguana">Rock iguanas</a> (<i>Cyclura</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preponini" class="mw-redirect" title="Preponini">Preponini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anaeini" title="Anaeini">Anaeini</a> butterflies (including <i><a href="/wiki/Agrias" title="Agrias">Agrias</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassolini" title="Brassolini">Brassolini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morphini" title="Morphini">Morphini</a> butterflies (including <i><a href="/wiki/Caligo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caligo">Caligo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Morpho_(genus)" title="Morpho (genus)">Morpho</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callicorini" class="mw-redirect" title="Callicorini">Callicorini</a> butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliconiini" title="Heliconiini">Heliconiini</a> butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithomiini" title="Ithomiini">Ithomiini</a> butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riodininae" title="Riodininae">Riodininae</a> butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumaeini" title="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</a> butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firetips" title="Firetips">Firetips</a> or firetail skipper butterflies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euglossini" title="Euglossini">Euglossini</a> bees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halictinae#Augochlorini" title="Halictinae">Augochlorini</a> bees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudostigmatidae" title="Pseudostigmatidae">Pseudostigmatidae</a> ("giant damselflies")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantoididae" title="Mantoididae">Mantoididae</a> (short-bodied mantises)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Canopidae">Canopidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megarididae" title="Megarididae">Megarididae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phloeidae" title="Phloeidae">Phloeidae</a> (pentatomoid bugs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetalionidae" title="Aetalionidae">Aetalionidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melizoderidae" title="Melizoderidae">Melizoderidae</a> (treehoppers<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonyleptidae" title="Gonyleptidae">Gonyleptidae</a> (harvestmen)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plants">Plants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Simberloff. as of 1984 there were a total of 92,128 species of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowering plants">flowering plants</a> (Angiosperms) in the Neotropics.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plant families endemic and partly subendemic to the realm are, according to Takhtajan (1978), <a href="/wiki/Hymenophyllopsidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hymenophyllopsidaceae">Hymenophyllopsidaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pellicieraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellicieraceae">Pellicieraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quiinaceae" title="Quiinaceae">Quiinaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochlospermaceae" title="Cochlospermaceae">Cochlospermaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a>, Lissocarpaceae (<i><a href="/wiki/Lissocarpa" title="Lissocarpa">Lissocarpa</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dulongiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulongiaceae">Dulongiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julianiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Julianiaceae">Julianiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desfontainiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Desfontainiaceae">Desfontainiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a>, Dialypetalanthaceae (<i><a href="/wiki/Dialypetalanthus" title="Dialypetalanthus">Dialypetalanthus</a></i>), Nolanaceae (<i><a href="/wiki/Nolana" title="Nolana">Nolana</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plant families that originated in the Neotropic include <a href="/wiki/Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plant species with economic importance originally unique to the Neotropic include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a> (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a> (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_cacao" title="Theobroma cacao">Cacao</a> tree (<i>Theobroma cacao</i>), source of <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> (<i>Zea mays</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion fruit">Passion fruit</a> (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guava" title="Guava">Guava</a> (<i>Psidium guajava</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_bean" title="Lima bean">Lima bean</a> (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>)</li> <li>Cotton (<i><a href="/wiki/Gossypium_barbadense" title="Gossypium barbadense">Gossypium barbadense</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a> (<i>Manihot esculenta</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">Sweet potato</a> (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>)</li> <li>Amaranth (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">Amaranthus caudatus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a> (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neotropical_terrestrial_ecoregions">Neotropical terrestrial ecoregions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Neotropical terrestrial ecoregions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neotropic_biomes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neotropic_biomes.svg/600px-Neotropic_biomes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="633" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neotropic_biomes.svg/900px-Neotropic_biomes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neotropic_biomes.svg/1200px-Neotropic_biomes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="3646" /></a><figcaption>The outlined ecoregions of the Neotropical realm, each of a colored biome. Note that this realm has 11 of <a href="/wiki/Biome#Olson_&_Dinerstein_(1998)_biomes_for_WWF_/_Global_200" title="Biome">14 biomes</a>, or major habitat types, as defined by Olson & Dinerstein, et al. (2001).<sup id="cite_ref-Olson2001_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson2001-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#447821; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 01. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D4AA00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 02. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66FF00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 03. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#71C837; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 04. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#005500; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 05. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">Temperate coniferous forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2CA05A; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 06. <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">Taiga and Boreal forest</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDD55; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 07. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CDDE87; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 08. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80B3FF; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 09. <a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C6AFE9; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 10. <a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87DECD; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 11. <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C87137; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 12. <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFF6D5; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 13. <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">Deserts and xeric shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D400AA; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 14. <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_forest" title="Mangrove forest">Mangroves</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ECECEC; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Rock and Ice, or Abiotic Land Zones</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_forests" title="Alto Paraná Atlantic forests">Alto Paraná Atlantic forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_moist_forests" title="Araucaria moist forests">Araucaria moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_restingas" title="Atlantic Coast restingas">Atlantic Coast restingas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahia_coastal_forests" title="Bahia coastal forests">Bahia coastal forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahia_interior_forests" title="Bahia interior forests">Bahia interior forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Yungas" title="Bolivian Yungas">Bolivian Yungas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caatinga_enclaves_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Caatinga enclaves moist forests">Caatinga enclaves moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caquet%C3%A1_moist_forests" title="Caquetá moist forests">Caquetá moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catatumbo_moist_forests" title="Catatumbo moist forests">Catatumbo moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cauca_Valley_montane_forests" title="Cauca Valley montane forests">Cauca Valley montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayos_Miskitos%E2%80%93San_Andr%C3%A9s_and_Providencia_moist_forests" title="Cayos Miskitos–San Andrés and Providencia moist forests">Cayos Miskitos–San Andrés and Providencia moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Atlantic_moist_forests" title="Central American Atlantic moist forests">Central American Atlantic moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_American_montane_forests" title="Central American montane forests">Central American montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiapas_montane_forests" title="Chiapas montane forests">Chiapas montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimalapas_montane_forests" title="Chimalapas montane forests">Chimalapas montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Choc%C3%B3%E2%80%93Dari%C3%A9n_moist_forests" title="Chocó–Darién moist forests">Chocó–Darién moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Island moist forests">Cocos Island moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_la_Costa_montane_forests" title="Cordillera de la Costa montane forests">Cordillera de la Costa montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Oriental_montane_forests" title="Cordillera Oriental montane forests">Cordillera Oriental montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_seasonal_moist_forests" title="Costa Rican seasonal moist forests">Costa Rican seasonal moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuban_moist_forests" title="Cuban moist forests">Cuban moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cordillera_Real_montane_forests" title="Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests">Eastern Cordillera Real montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Panamanian_montane_forests" title="Eastern Panamanian montane forests">Eastern Panamanian montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha-Atol_das_Rocas_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests">Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guayanan_Highlands_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayanan Highlands moist forests">Guayanan Highlands moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guianan_moist_forests" title="Guianan moist forests">Guianan moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guianan_piedmont_and_lowland_moist_forests" title="Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests">Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurupa_v%C3%A1rzea" title="Gurupa várzea">Gurupa várzea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_moist_forests" title="Hispaniolan moist forests">Hispaniolan moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iquitos_v%C3%A1rzea" title="Iquitos várzea">Iquitos várzea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isthmian%E2%80%93Atlantic_moist_forests" title="Isthmian–Atlantic moist forests">Isthmian–Atlantic moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isthmian%E2%80%93Pacific_moist_forests" title="Isthmian–Pacific moist forests">Isthmian–Pacific moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_moist_forests" title="Jamaican moist forests">Jamaican moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japur%C3%A1%E2%80%93Solim%C3%B5es%E2%80%93Negro_moist_forests" title="Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests">Japurá–Solimões–Negro moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juru%C3%A1%E2%80%93Purus_moist_forests" title="Juruá–Purus moist forests">Juruá–Purus moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands_moist_forests" title="Leeward Islands moist forests">Leeward Islands moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madeira%E2%80%93Tapaj%C3%B3s_moist_forests" title="Madeira–Tapajós moist forests">Madeira–Tapajós moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Valley_montane_forests" title="Magdalena Valley montane forests">Magdalena Valley montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdalena%E2%80%93Urab%C3%A1_moist_forests" title="Magdalena–Urabá moist forests">Magdalena–Urabá moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3_v%C3%A1rzea" title="Marajó várzea">Marajó várzea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o_Baba%C3%A7u_forests" title="Maranhão Babaçu forests">Maranhão Babaçu forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_tropical_dry_forests" title="Mato Grosso tropical dry forests">Mato Grosso tropical dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Alegre_v%C3%A1rzea" title="Monte Alegre várzea">Monte Alegre várzea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napo_moist_forests" title="Napo moist forests">Napo moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Negro%E2%80%93Branco_moist_forests" title="Negro–Branco moist forests">Negro–Branco moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Brazil_restingas" title="Northeastern Brazil restingas">Northeastern Brazil restingas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Andean_montane_forests" title="Northwestern Andean montane forests">Northwestern Andean montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oaxacan_montane_forests" title="Oaxacan montane forests">Oaxacan montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Delta_swamp_forests" title="Orinoco Delta swamp forests">Orinoco Delta swamp forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantanos_de_Centla" title="Pantanos de Centla">Pantanos de Centla</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo_swamp_forests" title="Paramaribo swamp forests">Paramaribo swamp forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco_coastal_forests" title="Pernambuco coastal forests">Pernambuco coastal forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco_interior_forests" title="Pernambuco interior forests">Pernambuco interior forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Yungas" title="Peruvian Yungas">Peruvian Yungas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pet%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Veracruz_moist_forests" title="Petén–Veracruz moist forests">Petén–Veracruz moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_moist_forests" title="Puerto Rican moist forests">Puerto Rican moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Purus_v%C3%A1rzea" title="Purus várzea">Purus várzea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Purus%E2%80%93Madeira_moist_forests" title="Purus–Madeira moist forests">Purus–Madeira moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_campinarana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Negro campinarana">Rio Negro campinarana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta_montane_forests" title="Santa Marta montane forests">Santa Marta montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar_coastal_forests" title="Serra do Mar coastal forests">Serra do Mar coastal forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_los_Tuxtlas" title="Sierra de los Tuxtlas">Sierra de los Tuxtlas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas_moist_forests" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests">Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solim%C3%B5es%E2%80%93Japur%C3%A1_moist_forests" title="Solimões–Japurá moist forests">Solimões–Japurá moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Florida_rocklands" title="South Florida rocklands">South Florida rocklands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Andean_Yungas" title="Southern Andean Yungas">Southern Andean Yungas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Amazon_moist_forests" title="Southwest Amazon moist forests">Southwest Amazon moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Talamancan_montane_forests" title="Talamancan montane forests">Talamancan montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tapaj%C3%B3s%E2%80%93Xingu_moist_forests" title="Tapajós–Xingu moist forests">Tapajós–Xingu moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tepuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepuis">Tepuis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tocantins%E2%80%93Araguaia%E2%80%93Maranh%C3%A3o_moist_forests" title="Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests">Tocantins–Araguaia–Maranhão moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_moist_forests" title="Trinidad and Tobago moist forests">Trinidad and Tobago moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trindade-Martin_Vaz_Islands_tropical_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests">Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uatuma%E2%80%93Trombetas_moist_forests" title="Uatuma–Trombetas moist forests">Uatuma–Trombetas moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ucayali_moist_forests" title="Ucayali moist forests">Ucayali moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Andes_montane_forests" title="Venezuelan Andes montane forests">Venezuelan Andes montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_moist_forests" title="Veracruz moist forests">Veracruz moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_montane_forests" title="Veracruz montane forests">Veracruz montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Ecuador_moist_forests" title="Western Ecuador moist forests">Western Ecuador moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands_moist_forests" title="Windward Islands moist forests">Windward Islands moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xingu%E2%80%93Tocantins%E2%80%93Araguaia_moist_forests" title="Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests">Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_moist_forests" title="Yucatán moist forests">Yucatán moist forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apure%E2%80%93Villavicencio_dry_forests" title="Apure–Villavicencio dry forests">Apure–Villavicencio dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_dry_forests" title="Atlantic dry forests">Atlantic dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dry_forests" title="Bahamian dry forests">Bahamian dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baj%C3%ADo_dry_forests" title="Bajío dry forests">Bajío dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balsas_dry_forests" title="Balsas dry forests">Balsas dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_montane_dry_forests" title="Bolivian montane dry forests">Bolivian montane dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cauca_Valley_dry_forests" title="Cauca Valley dry forests">Cauca Valley dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dry_forests" title="Cayman Islands dry forests">Cayman Islands dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_American_dry_forests" title="Central American dry forests">Central American dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Gran Chaco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiapas_Depression_dry_forests" title="Chiapas Depression dry forests">Chiapas Depression dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_dry_forests" title="Chiquitano dry forests">Chiquitano dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuban_dry_forests" title="Cuban dry forests">Cuban dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_dry_forests" title="Ecuadorian dry forests">Ecuadorian dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_dry_forests" title="Hispaniolan dry forests">Hispaniolan dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalisco_dry_forests" title="Jalisco dry forests">Jalisco dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dry_forests" title="Jamaican dry forests">Jamaican dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lara%E2%80%93Falc%C3%B3n_dry_forests" title="Lara–Falcón dry forests">Lara–Falcón dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_dry_forests" title="Lesser Antillean dry forests">Lesser Antillean dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Valley_dry_forests" title="Magdalena Valley dry forests">Magdalena Valley dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maracaibo_dry_forests" title="Maracaibo dry forests">Maracaibo dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n_dry_forests" title="Marañón dry forests">Marañón dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_dry_forests" title="Panamanian dry forests">Panamanian dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pat%C3%ADa_Valley_dry_forests" title="Patía Valley dry forests">Patía Valley dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_dry_forests" title="Puerto Rican dry forests">Puerto Rican dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Revillagigedo_Islands" title="Revillagigedo Islands">Revillagigedo Islands</a> dry forests </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_la_Laguna_dry_forests" title="Sierra de la Laguna dry forests">Sierra de la Laguna dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinaloan_dry_forests" title="Sinaloan dry forests">Sinaloan dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinu_Valley_dry_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinu Valley dry forests">Sinu Valley dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_dry_forests" title="Southern Pacific dry forests">Southern Pacific dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dry_forests" title="Trinidad and Tobago dry forests">Trinidad and Tobago dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tumbes%E2%80%93Piura_dry_forests" title="Tumbes–Piura dry forests">Tumbes–Piura dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_dry_forests" title="Veracruz dry forests">Veracruz dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_dry_forests" title="Yucatán dry forests">Yucatán dry forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">tropical and subtropical coniferous forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical coniferous forests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical tropical and subtropical coniferous forests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical coniferous forests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_pineyards" title="Bahamian pineyards">Bahamian pineyards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belizian_pine_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Belizian pine forests">Belizian pine forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_American_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Central American pine–oak forests">Central American pine–oak forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuban_pine_forests" title="Cuban pine forests">Cuban pine forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispaniolan_pine_forests" title="Hispaniolan pine forests">Hispaniolan pine forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miskito_pine_forests" title="Miskito pine forests">Miskito pine forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_la_Laguna_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests">Sierra de la Laguna pine–oak forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Oaxaca_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests">Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine–oak forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_del_Sur_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests">Sierra Madre del Sur pine–oak forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trans-Mexican_Volcanic_Belt_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests">Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest_ecoregions" title="Template:Neotropical temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest_ecoregions" title="Template talk:Neotropical temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest_ecoregions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fernandez_Islands_temperate_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Fernandez Islands temperate forests">Juan Fernandez Islands temperate forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magellanic_subpolar_forests" title="Magellanic subpolar forests">Magellanic subpolar forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_F%C3%A9lix%E2%80%93San_Ambrosio_Islands_temperate_forests" title="San Félix–San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests">San Félix–San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Valdivian_temperate_forests" title="Valdivian temperate forests">Valdivian temperate forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beni_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Beni savanna">Beni savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campos_rupestres" title="Campos rupestres">Campos rupestres</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a> shrub and grasslands </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_montane_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba montane savanna">Córdoba montane savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guianan_savanna" title="Guianan savanna">Guianan savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humid_Chaco" title="Humid Chaco">Humid Chaco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Llanos" title="Llanos">Llanos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_savanna" title="Uruguayan savanna">Uruguayan savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a href="/wiki/Neotropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropical">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Espinal" title="Argentine Espinal">Argentine Espinal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Monte" title="Argentine Monte">Argentine Monte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humid_Pampas" title="Humid Pampas">Humid Pampas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_grasslands" title="Patagonian grasslands">Patagonian grasslands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patagonian steppe">Patagonian steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_Pampas" title="Semi-arid Pampas">Semi-arid Pampas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">flooded grasslands and savannas</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Mexican_wetlands" title="Central Mexican wetlands">Central Mexican wetlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuban_wetlands" title="Cuban wetlands">Cuban wetlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Enriquillo_wetlands" title="Enriquillo wetlands">Enriquillo wetlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Everglades" title="Everglades">Everglades</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guayaquil_flooded_grasslands" title="Guayaquil flooded grasslands">Guayaquil flooded grasslands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orinoco_wetlands" title="Orinoco wetlands">Orinoco wetlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_flooded_savanna" title="Paraná flooded savanna">Paraná flooded savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone_Mesopotamian_savanna" title="Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna">Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">montane grasslands and shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Andean_dry_puna" title="Central Andean dry puna">Central Andean dry puna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Andean_puna" title="Central Andean puna">Central Andean puna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Andean_wet_puna" title="Central Andean wet puna">Central Andean wet puna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central_p%C3%A1ramo" title="Cordillera Central páramo">Cordillera Central páramo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Merida_p%C3%A1ramo" title="Cordillera de Merida páramo">Cordillera de Merida páramo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Monte" title="High Monte">High Monte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Andean_p%C3%A1ramo" title="Northern Andean páramo">Northern Andean páramo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Marta_p%C3%A1ramo" title="Santa Marta páramo">Santa Marta páramo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Talamanca_Paramo" class="mw-redirect" title="Talamanca Paramo">Talamanca Paramo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Andean_steppe" title="Southern Andean steppe">Southern Andean steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zacatonal" title="Zacatonal">Zacatonal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Matorral" title="Chilean Matorral">Chilean Matorral</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">deserts and xeric shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical deserts and xeric shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical deserts and xeric shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical deserts and xeric shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Araya_and_Paria_xeric_scrub" title="Araya and Paria xeric scrub">Araya and Paria xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aruba%E2%80%93Cura%C3%A7ao%E2%80%93Bonaire_cactus_scrub" title="Aruba–Curaçao–Bonaire cactus scrub">Aruba–Curaçao–Bonaire cactus scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atacama_Desert" title="Atacama Desert">Atacama Desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caatinga" title="Caatinga">Caatinga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_xeric_scrub" title="Cayman Islands xeric scrub">Cayman Islands xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cactus_scrub" title="Cuban cactus scrub">Cuban cactus scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands_xeric_scrub" title="Galápagos Islands xeric scrub">Galápagos Islands xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guajira%E2%80%93Barranquilla_xeric_scrub" title="Guajira–Barranquilla xeric scrub">Guajira–Barranquilla xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Costa_xeric_shrublands" title="La Costa xeric shrublands">La Costa xeric shrublands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands_xeric_scrub" title="Leeward Islands xeric scrub">Leeward Islands xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="US Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malpelo_Island_xeric_scrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Malpelo Island xeric scrub">Malpelo Island xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motagua_Valley_thornscrub" title="Motagua Valley thornscrub">Motagua Valley thornscrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraguana_xeric_scrub" title="Paraguana xeric scrub">Paraguana xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Lucan_xeric_scrub" title="San Lucan xeric scrub">San Lucan xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sechura_Desert" title="Sechura Desert">Sechura Desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n_Valley_matorral" title="Tehuacán Valley matorral">Tehuacán Valley matorral</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands_xeric_scrub" title="Windward Islands xeric scrub">Windward Islands xeric scrub</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916"><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neotropical_mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Neotropical mangroves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neotropical_mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Neotropical mangroves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical_mangroves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neotropical mangroves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvarado_mangroves" title="Alvarado mangroves">Alvarado mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1_mangroves" title="Amapá mangroves">Amapá mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamian mangroves">Bahamian mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahia_mangroves" title="Bahia mangroves">Bahia mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Coast_mangroves" title="Belizean Coast mangroves">Belizean Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belizean_reef_mangroves" title="Belizean reef mangroves">Belizean reef mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bocas_del_Toro%E2%80%93San_Bastimentos_Island%E2%80%93San_Blas_mangroves" title="Bocas del Toro–San Bastimentos Island–San Blas mangroves">Bocas del Toro–San Bastimentos Island–San Blas mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Venezuelan_mangroves" title="Coastal Venezuelan mangroves">Coastal Venezuelan mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas%E2%80%93Pacific_Colombia_mangroves" title="Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves">Esmeraldas–Pacific Colombia mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida_mangroves" title="Florida mangroves">Florida mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles_mangroves" title="Greater Antilles mangroves">Greater Antilles mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guianan_mangroves" title="Guianan mangroves">Guianan mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca_mangroves" title="Gulf of Fonseca mangroves">Gulf of Fonseca mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guayaquil%E2%80%93Tumbes_mangroves" title="Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves">Gulf of Guayaquil–Tumbes mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama_mangroves" title="Gulf of Panama mangroves">Gulf of Panama mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilha_Grande_mangroves" title="Ilha Grande mangroves">Ilha Grande mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles_mangroves" title="Lesser Antilles mangroves">Lesser Antilles mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magdalena%E2%80%93Santa_Marta_mangroves" title="Magdalena–Santa Marta mangroves">Magdalena–Santa Marta mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manab%C3%AD_mangroves" title="Manabí mangroves">Manabí mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o_mangroves" title="Maranhão mangroves">Maranhão mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marismas_Nacionales%E2%80%93San_Blas_mangroves" title="Marismas Nacionales–San Blas mangroves">Marismas Nacionales–San Blas mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Corridor_mangroves" title="Mayan Corridor mangroves">Mayan Corridor mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_South_Pacific_Coast_mangroves" title="Mexican South Pacific Coast mangroves">Mexican South Pacific Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moist_Pacific_Coast_mangroves" title="Moist Pacific Coast mangroves">Moist Pacific Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosquitia%E2%80%93Nicaraguan_Caribbean_Coast_mangroves" title="Mosquitia–Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast mangroves">Mosquitia–Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Dry_Pacific_Coast_mangroves" title="Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves">Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Honduras_mangroves" title="Northern Honduras mangroves">Northern Honduras mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1_mangroves" title="Pará mangroves">Pará mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petenes_mangroves" title="Petenes mangroves">Petenes mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Piura_mangroves" title="Piura mangroves">Piura mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADa_Lagartos_mangroves" title="Ría Lagartos mangroves">Ría Lagartos mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro%E2%80%93Rio_San_Sun_mangroves" title="Rio Negro–Rio San Sun mangroves">Rio Negro–Rio San Sun mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Piranhas_mangroves" title="Rio Piranhas mangroves">Rio Piranhas mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_mangroves" title="Rio São Francisco mangroves">Rio São Francisco mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Dry_Pacific_Coast_mangroves" title="Southern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves">Southern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehuantepec%E2%80%93El_Manch%C3%B3n_mangroves" title="Tehuantepec–El Manchón mangroves">Tehuantepec–El Manchón mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_mangroves" title="Trinidad mangroves">Trinidad mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Usumacinta_mangroves" title="Usumacinta mangroves">Usumacinta mangroves</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/neotropical-region">"Neotropical Region - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"</a>. <i>www.sciencedirect.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sciencedirect.com&rft.atitle=Neotropical+Region+-+an+overview+%7C+ScienceDirect+Topics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Ftopics%2Fearth-and-planetary-sciences%2Fneotropical-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-Andes">"Central Andes mountains, South America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Central+Andes+mountains%2C+South+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCentral-Andes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/South-America/The-Northern-Andes">"Northern Andes mountains, South America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Northern+Andes+mountains%2C+South+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSouth-America%2FThe-Northern-Andes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56617409">"Dinosaur-killing asteroid strike gave rise to Amazon rainforest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 2 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Extinction+at+the+end-Cretaceous+and+the+origin+of+modern+Neotropical+rainforests&rft.volume=372&rft.issue=6537&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2021-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232484243%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021Sci...372...63C&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.abf1969&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33795451&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=M%C3%B3nica+R.&rft.au=Jaramillo%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Parra%2C+Felipe+de+la&rft.au=Caballero-Rodr%C3%ADguez%2C+Dayenari&rft.au=Herrera%2C+Fabiany&rft.au=Wing%2C+Scott&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L.&rft.au=D%E2%80%99Apolito%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Romero-B%C3%A1ez%2C+Millerlandy&rft.au=Narv%C3%A1ez%2C+Paula&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+Camila&rft.au=Gutierrez%2C+Mauricio&rft.au=Labandeira%2C+Conrad&rft.au=Bayona%2C+German&rft.au=Rueda%2C+Milton&rft.au=Paez-Reyes%2C+Manuel&rft.au=C%C3%A1rdenas%2C+Dairon&rft.au=Duque%2C+%C3%81lvaro&rft.au=Crowley%2C+James+L.&rft.au=Santos%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Silvestro%2C+Daniele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F350569900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van der Sleen, Peter, and James S. Albert, eds. (2018) <i>Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas</i>. Princeton University Press, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691170749" title="Special:BookSources/9780691170749">9780691170749</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treehoppers.insectmuseum.org/public/site/treehoppers/home">"Treehoppers: Aetalionidae, Melizoderidae, and Membracidae (Hemiptera)"</a>. <i>treehoppers.insectmuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=treehoppers.insectmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Treehoppers%3A+Aetalionidae%2C+Melizoderidae%2C+and+Membracidae+%28Hemiptera%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreehoppers.insectmuseum.org%2Fpublic%2Fsite%2Ftreehoppers%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimberloff1984" class="citation journal cs1">Simberloff, Daniel (March–April 1984). "The Next Mass Extinction". <i>Garden</i>. <b>8</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Garden&rft.atitle=The+Next+Mass+Extinction&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=1984-03%2F1984-04&rft.aulast=Simberloff&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Тахтаджян А. Л. Флористические области Земли / Академия наук СССР. Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова. — Л.: Наука, Ленинградское отделение, 1978. — 247 с. — 4000 экз. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/takhtajan1978_flor_oblasti_zemli.djvu">DjVu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9gylTK3CsScC">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Takhtajan, A. (1986). <i>Floristic Regions of the World</i>. (translated by T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/024192430.pdf">PDF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/school/books/takhtajan1986_flor_regions.djvu">DjVu</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/earth/geography/2582792/neotropic_ecozone/">"Neotropic Ecozone"</a>. July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neotropic+Ecozone&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redorbit.com%2Feducation%2Freference_library%2Fearth%2Fgeography%2F2582792%2Fneotropic_ecozone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeotropical+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson2001-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olson2001_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. <i>Bioscience</i> 51(11):933–938, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wolfweb.unr.edu/~ldyer/classes/396/olsonetal.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917072415/http://wolfweb.unr.edu/~ldyer/classes/396/olsonetal.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_bibliography">General and cited bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: General and cited bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Albert, J. S., and R. E. Reis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520268685"><i>Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes</i></a>. University of California Press, Berkeley. 424 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26868-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26868-5">978-0-520-26868-5</a>.</li> <li>Bequaert, Joseph C. "An Introductory Study of Polistes in the United States and Canada with Descriptions of Some New North and South American Forms (Hymenoptera; Vespidæ)". <i>Journal of the New York Entomological Society</i> 48.1 (1940): 1-31.</li> <li>Cox, C. B.; P. D. Moore (1985). <i>Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach</i> (Fourth Edition). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.</li> <li>Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. Graham, D. J. et al. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/957541468270313045/pdf/multi-page.pdf"><i>A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean</i></a>. World Bank, Washington, D.C.</li> <li>Olson, D. M., B. Chernoff, G. Burgess, I. Davidson, P. Canevari, E. Dinerstein, G. Castro, V. Morisset, R. Abell, and E. Toledo. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/137774"><i>Freshwater biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: a conservation assessment</i></a>. Draft report. World Wildlife Fund-U.S., Wetlands International, Biodiversity Support Program, and United States Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.</li> <li>Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullander, and C. J. Ferraris Jr. 2003. <i>Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America</i>. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre. 729 pp.</li> <li>Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811210836/http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/udvardy.pdf"><i>A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world</i></a>. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.</li> <li>van der Sleen, Peter, and James S. Albert, eds. <i>Field Guide to the Fishes of the Amazon, Orinoco, and Guianas</i>. Princeton University Press, 2017.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropical_realm&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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wildlife</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neotropic" class="extiw" title="commons:Neotropic"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Neotropic</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrestrial_ecoregions_(WWF)" title="List of terrestrial ecoregions (WWF)">List of terrestrial ecoregions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eco-index.org">Eco-Index</a>, a bilingual searchable reference of conservation and research projects in the Neotropics; a service of the Rainforest Alliance</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neotropic.ru">NeoTropic</a></li> <li>Acosta, Guillermo et al., 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boletinsgm.igeolcu.unam.mx/bsgm/index.php/component/content/article/368-sitio/articulos/cuarta-epoca/7001/1857-7001-1-acosta">"Climate change and peopling of the Neotropics during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition"</a>. <i>Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18268%2FBSGM2018v70n1a1">10.18268/BSGM2018v70n1a1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biomes" title="Template:Biomes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biomes" title="Template talk:Biomes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biomes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biomes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biogeographic_regionalisations145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography#Biogeographic_regionalisations" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic regionalisations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biomes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#329B32;">Terrestrial<br />biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90A010;">Polar/montane</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">Taiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">Alpine tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgreen;">Temperate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">Coniferous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Broadleaf and mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest" title="Temperate deciduous forest">Deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#20A010;">Tropical and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">Tropical rainforest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">Coniferous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Moist broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Dry broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFDC60;">Dry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">Deserts and xeric shrublands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:mediumseagreen;">Wet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">Riparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#55AAFF;">Aquatic<br />biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">Intertidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangroves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">Kelp forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neritic_zone" title="Neritic zone">Neritic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_zone" title="Pelagic zone">Pelagic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">Benthic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">Hydrothermal vents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_seep" title="Cold seep">Cold seeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_zone" title="Demersal zone">Demersal zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:silver;">Other biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endolith" title="Endolith">Endolithic zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Biogeographic <br /> realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#329B32;">Terrestrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrotropical_realm" title="Afrotropical realm">Afrotropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_realm" title="Antarctic realm">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holarctic_realm" title="Holarctic realm">Holarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indomalayan_realm" title="Indomalayan realm">Indomalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neotropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_realm" title="Oceanian realm">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palearctic_realm" title="Palearctic realm">Palearctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#55AAFF;">Marine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_realm" title="Arctic realm">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Pacific" title="Central Indo-Pacific">Central Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Pacific" title="Eastern Indo-Pacific">Eastern Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Australasia" title="Temperate Australasia">Temperate Australasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Atlantic" title="Temperate Northern Atlantic">Temperate Northern Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Pacific" title="Temperate Northern Pacific">Temperate Northern Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_South_America" title="Temperate South America">Temperate South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Southern_Africa" title="Temperate Southern Africa">Temperate Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Atlantic" title="Tropical Atlantic">Tropical Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Eastern_Pacific" title="Tropical Eastern Pacific">Tropical Eastern Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Indo-Pacific" title="Western Indo-Pacific">Western Indo-Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biogeographic_provinces" title="List of biogeographic provinces">Biogeographic provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioregion" title="Bioregion">Bioregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">Ecoregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ecoregions" title="Lists of ecoregions">Lists of ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_200" title="Global 200">Global 200 ecoregions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation" title="Altitudinal zonation">Altitudinal zonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_land_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological land classification">Ecological land classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floristic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Floristic kingdom">Floristic kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetation_classification" title="Vegetation classification">Vegetation classifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoogeographic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoogeographic region">Zoogeographic regions</a></li></ul> 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