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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>College and religious conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_and_religious_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literary life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literary life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_works_(1849–1855)[5][8]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_works_(1849–1855)[5][8]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early works (1849–1855)<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup><sup><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_works_(1849–1855)[5][8]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calcutta_years_(1858–1862)[5][8]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calcutta_years_(1858–1862)[5][8]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Calcutta years (1858–1862)<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup><sup><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calcutta_years_(1858–1862)[5][8]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_(1866–1873)[5][8]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_(1866–1873)[5][8]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Final years (1866–1873)<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup><sup><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_(1866–1873)[5][8]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_abilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_abilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Linguistic abilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_abilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_with_the_sonnet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_with_the_sonnet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Work with the sonnet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_with_the_sonnet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_in_blank_verse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_in_blank_verse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Work in blank verse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_in_blank_verse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barrister-at-law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barrister-at-law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Barrister-at-law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barrister-at-law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marriage and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy and honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy and honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>In India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="माइकल मधुसुदन दत्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइकल मधुसुदन दत्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്കിൾ മധുസൂദൻ ദത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്കിൾ മധുസൂദൻ ദത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="मायकेल मधुसूदन दत्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मायकेल मधुसूदन दत्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ميتشايل مادهوسودان دوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميتشايل مادهوسودان دوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4" title="ਮਾਇਕਲ ਮਧੁਸੂਦਨ ਦੱਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਇਕਲ ਮਧੁਸੂਦਨ ਦੱਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="مائیکل مدھوسودن دت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائیکل مدھوسودن دت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дотто, Модхушудон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дотто, Модхушудон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Datta" title="Michael Madhusudan Datta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Madhusudan Datta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்கேல் மதுசூதன் தத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்கேல் மதுசூதன் தத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="మైఖేల్ మధుసూదన్ దత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైఖేల్ మధుసూదన్ దత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Модхушудон Дотто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модхушудон Дотто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bengali poet and dramatist (1824-1873)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, c. 1907"><img alt="Portrait of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, c. 1907" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg/220px-Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg/330px-Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg/440px-Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="2156" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Portrait of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1907</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Sri Madhusudan Dutta<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1824-01-25</span>)</span>25 January 1824<br /><a href="/wiki/Jessore" title="Jessore">Jessore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">29 June 1873<span style="display:none">(1873-06-29)</span> (aged 49)<br /><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, Bengal Presidency, British India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Circular_Road_cemetery" title="Lower Circular Road cemetery">Lower Circular Road cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Writer, poet, playwright</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">English<br /><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Hindu College</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Rebecca Thompson McTavish (m. 1848–1856)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Emilia Henrietta Sophie White (1858–1873)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">4</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Madhusudan Dutt</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/17\/Madhusudan.ogg\/Madhusudan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<i> Maikel Modhushud\u00f4n D\u00f4tto<\/i>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Madhusudan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/Madhusudan.ogg/Madhusudan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><i> Maikel Modhushudôn Dôtto</i></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Madhusudan.ogg" title="File:Madhusudan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 25 January 1824 – 29 June 1873) was a Bengali poet and playwright. He is considered one of the pioneers of Bengali literature.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutt was born in <a href="/wiki/Sagardari_Union" title="Sagardari Union">Sagardari</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Keshabpur_Upazila" title="Keshabpur Upazila">Keshabpur Upazila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessore_District" title="Jessore District">Jessore District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_India" title="Hinduism in India">Hindu</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family being reasonably well-off, Dutt received an education in the English language and additional tutorship in English at home. Rajnarayan had intended for this Western education to open the doors for a government position for his son.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="College_and_religious_conversion">College and religious conversion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: College and religious conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After he finished his education in Sagordari at roughly the age of fifteen, Rajnarayan sent Madhusudhan to <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> to attend <a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Hindu College</a> with the eventual aim of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a>. At Hindu College, Michael studied under a <a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">westernized</a> curriculum in a university which had been expressly founded for the "uplift of the natives". The university stipulated that all students had to dress in Western clothing, eat European cuisine using cutlery, learn British songs and speak only English with the aim of creating an anglicized middle class of Indians who would serve as officials in the colonial administration. During his time at Hindu College, Madhusudhan developed an aversion to <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Indian culture</a> and a deep yearning to become accepted into <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">European culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakrabarty2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakrabarty2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expressed these sentiments in one of his poems. An early and formative influence on Dutt was his teacher at Hindu College, <a href="/wiki/David_Lester_Richardson" title="David Lester Richardson">David Lester Richardson</a>. Richardson was a poet and inspired in Dutt a love of English poetry, particularly <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Byron</a>. Dutt began writing English poetry aged around 17 years, sending his works to publications in England, including <i><a href="/wiki/Blackwood%27s_Magazine" title="Blackwood's Magazine">Blackwood's Magazine</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bentley%27s_Miscellany" title="Bentley's Miscellany">Bentley's Miscellany</a></i>. They were, however, never accepted for publication.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was also the time when he began a correspondence with his friend, <a href="/wiki/Gour_Das_Bysack" title="Gour Das Bysack">Gour Das Bysack</a>, which today forms the bulk of sources on his life. </p><p>Madhusudan embraced Christianity<sup id="cite_ref-bpedia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Mission_Church,_Kolkata" title="Old Mission Church, Kolkata">Old Mission Church</a>, in spite of the objections of his parents and relatives, on 9 February 1843. He did not take the name Michael until his marriage in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He describes the day as: </p> <div style="margin-left:2em" class="poem"> <p>Long sunk in superstition's night,<br /> By Sin and Satan driven,<br /> I saw not, cared not for the light<br /> That leads the blind to Heaven.<br /> But now, at length thy grace, O Lord!<br /> Birds all around me shine;<br /> I drink thy sweet, thy precious word,<br /> I kneel before thy shrine!<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <p>He had to leave <a href="/wiki/Hindu_College,_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu College, Calcutta">Hindu College</a> on account of being a convert. In 1844, he resumed his education at <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_College,_Calcutta" title="Bishop's College, Calcutta">Bishop's College</a>, where he stayed for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1847, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> (Chennai) due to family tensions and economic hardship, having been disinherited by his father.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Madras, he stayed in the <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Chennai" title="George Town, Chennai">Black Town</a> neighbourhood,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began working as an "usher" at the Madras Male Orphan Asylum. Four years later, in 1851, he became a Second Tutor in the Madras University High School.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He edited and assisted in editing the periodicals <i>Madras Circulator and General Chronicle, Athenaeum, <a href="/wiki/Spectator_(1828)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator (1828)">Spectator</a></i> and <i>Hindoo Chronicle.</i><sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_life">Literary life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literary life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_works_(1849–1855)[5][8]"><span id="Early_works_.281849.E2.80.931855.29.5B5.5D.5B8.5D"></span>Early works (1849–1855)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early works (1849–1855)[5][8]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutt wrote exclusively in English in his early writing years. The Captive Ladie was published in 1849 and, like Derozio's The Fakeer of Jungheera, takes on the form of a long narrative poem. In <i>The Anglo-Saxon and the Hindu</i> (1854), an essay in florid, even purple prose, are references to and quotations from almost the whole of Macaulay's shelf of European books. He was greatly influenced by the works of <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>. Dutt was a spirited <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calcutta_years_(1858–1862)[5][8]"><span id="Calcutta_years_.281858.E2.80.931862.29.5B5.5D.5B8.5D"></span>Calcutta years (1858–1862)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Calcutta years (1858–1862)[5][8]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The period during which he worked as a head clerk and later as the Chief Interpreter in the court marked his transition to writing in his native Bengali, following the advice of <a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gour_Das_Bysack" title="Gour Das Bysack">Bysack</a>. He wrote 5 plays: <i>Sermista</i> (1859)<i>, Padmavati</i> (1859)<i>, Ekei Ki Boley Sabyata</i> (1860), <i>Krishna Kumari</i> (1860) <i>and Buro Shaliker Ghare Ron</i> (1860). Then followed the narrative poems: <i>Tilottama Sambhava Kavya</i> (1861), <i>Meghnad Badh Kavya</i> (1861), <i>Brajagana Kavya</i> (1861) and <i>Veerangana Kavya</i> (1861). He also translated three plays from Bangla to English, including his own <i>Sermista</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_years_(1866–1873)[5][8]"><span id="Final_years_.281866.E2.80.931873.29.5B5.5D.5B8.5D"></span>Final years (1866–1873)<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final years (1866–1873)[5][8]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A volume of his Bangla sonnets was published in 1866. His final play, <i>Maya Kannan</i>, was written in 1872. <i>The Slaying of Hector</i>, his prose version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> remains incomplete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistic_abilities">Linguistic abilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Linguistic abilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madhusudan was a gifted <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Polyglot_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyglot (person)">polyglot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied English, Bengali, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_with_the_sonnet">Work with the sonnet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Work with the sonnet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael Madhusudan Dutt dedicated his first <a href="/wiki/Sonnet" title="Sonnet">sonnet</a> to his friend <a href="/wiki/Rajnarayan_Basu" title="Rajnarayan Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a>, which he accompanied with a letter: "What say you to this, my good friend? In my humble opinion, if cultivated by men of genius, our sonnet in time would rival the Italian."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most famous sonnet is <i>Kapatakkha River</i>. </p> <div style="margin-left:2em" class="poem"> <p>Always, o river, you peep in my mind.<br /> Always I think you in this loneliness.<br /> Always I soothe my ears with the murmur<br /> Of your waters in illusion, the way<br /> Men hear songs of illusion in a dream.<br /> Many a river I have seen on earth;<br /> But which can quench my thirst the way you do?<br /> You're the flow of milk in my homeland's breasts.<br /> Will I meet you ever? As long as you<br /> Go to kinglike ocean to pay the tax<br /> Of water, I beg to you, sing my name<br /> Into the ears of people of Bengal,<br /> Sing his name, o dear, who in this far land<br /> Sings your name in all his songs for Bengal. </p> </div> <p>When Dutt later stayed in <a href="/wiki/Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a>, the sixth centenary of the Italian poet <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> was being celebrated all over Europe. He composed a poem in honour of the poet, translated it into French and Italian, and sent it to the king of Italy. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II" title="Victor Emmanuel II">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, then monarch, liked the poem and wrote to Dutt, saying, "It will be a ring which will connect the Orient with the Occident."<sup id="cite_ref-Yajnik1933_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yajnik1933-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_in_blank_verse">Work in blank verse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Work in blank verse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Sharmistha</i> (spelt as <i>Sermista</i> in English) was Dutt's first attempt at <a href="/wiki/Blank_verse" title="Blank verse">blank verse</a> in Bengali literature. <a href="/wiki/Kaliprasanna_Singha" title="Kaliprasanna Singha">Kaliprasanna Singha</a> organised a felicitation ceremony for Madhusudan to mark the introduction of blank verse in Bengali poetry. His famous epic, quoted as the only epic of Bengali kind, <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Badh_Kavya" title="Meghnad Badh Kavya">Meghnadbad-Kabya</a> is also totally written in blank verse. </p><p>Praising Dutt's blank verse, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a>, observed: "As long as the Bengali race and Bengali literature would exist, the sweet lyre of Madhusudan would never cease playing."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He added: "Ordinarily, reading of poetry causes a soporific effect, but the intoxicating vigour of Madhusudan's poems makes even a sick man sit up on his bed."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autobiography_of_an_Unknown_Indian" title="The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian">The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Nirad_C._Chaudhuri" title="Nirad C. Chaudhuri">Nirad C. Chaudhuri</a> has remarked that during his childhood days in Kishoreganj, a common standard for testing guests' erudition in the Bengali language during family gatherings was to require them to recite the poetry of Dutt, without an accent. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg/220px-%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg/330px-%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg/440px-%22Rue_Des_Chantiers%22_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption>The street where Dutt used to live in Versailles, France.</figcaption></figure><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barrister-at-law">Barrister-at-law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Barrister-at-law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12_Rue_Des_Chantier,_78000_Versailles,_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg/220px-12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg/330px-12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg/440px-12_Rue_Des_Chantier%2C_78000_Versailles%2C_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3377" data-file-height="2260" /></a><figcaption>12 Rue Des Chantiers, 78000 Versailles, France – the apartment building where Dutt dwelled (photo taken in July 2011)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG/220px-Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG/330px-Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG/440px-Residence_of_Micheal_Madhusudhan_Dutt_in_Khidirpur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Dutt's residence in Khidirpur, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>Dutt went to England in 1862 to become a <a href="/wiki/Barrister-at-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrister-at-law">barrister-at-law</a> and enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On the eve of his departure to England:</p><div style="margin-left:2em" class="poem"> <p>Forget me not, O Mother,<br /> Should I fail to return<br /> To thy hallowed bosom.<br /> Make not the lotus of thy memory<br /> Void of its nectar honey.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> (Translated from the original Bengali by the poet.) </p> </div> <p>His family joined him in 1863, and thereafter they shifted to the much cheaper <a href="/wiki/Versailles_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles (city)">Versailles</a>, due to the miserable state of their finances. Funds were not arriving from India according to his plans. He was only able to relocate to England in 1865 and study for the bar due to the generosity of <a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a>. For this, Dutt was to regard Vidyasagar as <i>Dayar Sagar</i> (meaning <i>the ocean of kindness</i>) for as long as he lived. He was admitted to the High Court in Calcutta on his return in February 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family followed him in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> His stay in England had left him disillusioned with European culture. He wrote to his friend <a href="/wiki/Gour_Das_Bysack" title="Gour Das Bysack">Bysack</a> from France: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If there be any one among us anxious to leave a name behind him, and not pass away into oblivion like a brute, let him devote himself to his mother-tongue. That is his legitimate sphere his proper element.<sup id="cite_ref-Poddāra1970_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poddāra1970-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutt had refused to enter into an <a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage" title="Arranged marriage">arranged marriage</a> which his father had decided for him. He had no respect for that tradition and wanted to break free from the confines of <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Endogamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogamous">endogamous</a> marriage. His knowledge of the European tradition convinced him of his choice of marriages made by mutual consent (or <a href="/wiki/Love_marriage" title="Love marriage">love marriages</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> While in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, he married Rebecca Thompson McTavish,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 17-year-old of Scottish parentage,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a resident<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Madras Female Orphan Asylum, on 31 July 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutt assumed the name Michael when the marriage was registered in the baptismal register. They had four children together. He wrote to <a href="/wiki/Gour_Das_Bysack" title="Gour Das Bysack">Bysack</a> in December 1855:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Yes, dearest Gour, I have a fine English Wife and four children.<sup id="cite_ref-MurshidMajumdar2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MurshidMajumdar2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Dutt returned from Madras to Calcutta in February 1856, after his father's death (in 1855), abandoning his wife and four children in Madras. No records of his divorce from Rebecca or remarriage have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1858, he was joined there by a 22-year old of French extraction,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emelia Henrietta Sophie White, the daughter of his colleague at the Madras Male Orphan Asylum.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two sons, Frederick Michael Milton (23 July 1861 – 11 June 1875)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Albert Napoleon (1869 – 22 August 1909),<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a daughter, Henrietta Elizabeth Sermista<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1859 – 15 February 1879).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fourth child was stillborn.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their relationship lasted until the end of his life, Henrietta pre-deceasing him by three days, on 26 June 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rebecca died in Madras in July 1892. Only a daughter and a son survived her. The son, McTavish-Dutt, practised as a pleader in the Court of Small Causes in Madras.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tennis player <a href="/wiki/Leander_Paes" title="Leander Paes">Leander Paes</a> is a direct descendant of Dutt, who is his great-great-grandson on his mother's side.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutt died in Presidency General Hospital on 29 June 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days before his death, he recited a passage from Shakespeare's Macbeth to his dear friend <a href="/wiki/Gour_Das_Bysack" title="Gour Das Bysack">Bysack</a>, to express his deepest conviction of life: </p> <div style="margin-left:2em" class="poem"> <p>...out, out, brief candle!<br /> Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player,<br /> That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,<br /> And then is heard no more; it is a tale Told by an idiot,<br /> full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. </p> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Michael_Madhusudhan_Dutta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tomb_of_Michael_Madhusudhan_Dutta.jpg/250px-Tomb_of_Michael_Madhusudhan_Dutta.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Tomb_of_Michael_Madhusudhan_Dutta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Michael Madhusudan Dutt at the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Circular_Road_cemetery" title="Lower Circular Road cemetery">Lower Circular Road cemetery</a>. </figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><big>দাঁড়াও পথিক-বর, জন্ম যদি তব<br /> বঙ্গে! তিষ্ঠ ক্ষণকাল! এ সমাধিস্থলে<br /> (জননীর কোলে শিশু লভয়ে যেমতি<br /> বিরাম) মহীর পদে মহা নিদ্রাবৃত<br /> দত্তোকুলোদ্ভব কবি শ্রীমধুসূদন!<br /> যশোরে সাগরদাঁড়ি কবতক্ষ-তীরে<br /> জন্মভূমি, জন্মদাতা দত্ত মহামতি<br /> রাজনারায়ণ নামে, জননী জাহ্নবী</big> </p> </blockquote> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4).oga" title="File:সমাধি (মাইকেল মধুসূদন দত্ত).oga">Recitation of Madhusudan Dutt's Samadhi in Bengali</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="34" data-mwtitle="সমাধি_-_মাইকেল_মধুসূদন_দত্ত.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF_-_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF_-_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4.oga/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF_-_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A 33-second sample recitation of poetry Samadhi</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honours">Legacy and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutt was largely ignored for 15 years after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belated tribute was a tomb erected at his gravesite. </p><p>His epitaph, a verse of his own, reads: </p> <div style="margin-left:2em" class="poem"> <p>Stop a while, traveller!<br /> Should Mother Bengal claim thee for her son.<br /> As a child takes repose on his mother's elysian lap,<br /> Even so here in the Long Home,<br /> On the bosom of the earth,<br /> Enjoys the sweet eternal sleep<br /> Poet Madhusudan of the Duttas.<sup id="cite_ref-A_poet_of_epic_proportions_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_poet_of_epic_proportions-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> <p><i>Michael Madhusudhan</i> is a 1950 Indian Bengali-language drama film by <a href="/wiki/Madhu_Bose" title="Madhu Bose">Modhu Bose</a> which starred <a href="/wiki/Utpal_Dutt" title="Utpal Dutt">Utpal Dutt</a> in the titular role.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author <a href="/wiki/Namita_Gokhale" title="Namita Gokhale">Namita Gokhale</a> published a play about Madhusudhan in 2021, based largely on letters written by him to friends and other authors, called <i>Betrayed by Hope</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In honour of Dutt, every year on his birthday, a fair is held in his home at <a href="/wiki/Sagardari_Union" title="Sagardari Union">Sagardari</a>, which is organized by the District Council of <a href="/wiki/Jessore_District" title="Jessore District">Jessore</a>. Every year, various MPs and ministers of the national parliament of Bangladesh attend this fair.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In honour of Dutt a school and a college are named after him in <a href="/wiki/Jessore_District" title="Jessore District">Jessore District</a>. And a university was proposed to be set up in this birthplace. They are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_College" title="Michael Madhusudan College">Michael Madhusudan College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagardari_Michael_Madhusadan_Institution" title="Sagardari Michael Madhusadan Institution">Sagardari Michael Madhusadan Institution</a></li> <li>Micheal Madhusudan Specialized University</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_India">In India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutta_College" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutta College">Michael Madhusudan Dutta College</a> in Tripura is named after him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Memorial_College" title="Michael Madhusudan Memorial College">Michael Madhusudan Memorial College</a> in West Bengal is named after him.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Mancha" title="Madhusudan Mancha">Madhusudan Mancha</a> in West Bengal is named after him.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>King Porus</i></li> <li><i>The Captive Ladie</i> (1849)</li> <li><i>Ratul Potra</i></li> <li><i>Sermista</i> (1859) (Bengali and English)</li> <li><i>Padmavati</i> (1859)</li> <li><i>Ekei Ki Boley Sabyota</i> (1860)</li> <li><i>Krishna Kumari</i> (1860)</li> <li><i>Buro Shaliker Ghare Ron</i> (1860)</li> <li><i>Tilottama Sambhava Kavya</i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Badh_Kavya" title="Meghnad Badh Kavya">Meghnad Badh Kavya</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i>Brajagana Kavya</i> (1861)</li> <li><i>Veerangana Kavya</i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratnavali" title="Ratnavali">Ratnavali</a></i> (English translation)</li> <li><i>Nil Darpan</i> (English translation)</li> <li><i>Choturdoshpodi Kobitaboli</i></li> <li><i>Rizia,</i> <i>the Sultana of Inde</i></li> <li><i>Rosalo Sornolatika</i></li> <li><i>Bongobani</i></li> <li>Sonnets and other poems (1866)</li> <li>Bongo bhumir prati</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quill_and_ink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/19px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/29px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Quill_and_ink.svg/38px-Quill_and_ink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="152" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poetry" title="Portal:Poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_poetry_in_English" title="Indian poetry in English">Indian poetry in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English_literature" title="Indian English literature">Indian English literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian literature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Dutt,_Michael_Madhusudan">"Dutt, Michael Madhusudan - Banglapedia"</a>. <i>en.banglapedia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.banglapedia.org&rft.atitle=Dutt%2C+Michael+Madhusudan+-+Banglapedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%2FDutt%2C_Michael_Madhusudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Dutt,_Michael_Madhusudan">"Dutt, Michael Madhusudan - Banglapedia"</a>. <i>en.banglapedia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.banglapedia.org&rft.atitle=Dutt%2C+Michael+Madhusudan+-+Banglapedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%2FDutt%2C_Michael_Madhusudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoreno1923" class="citation journal cs1">Moreno, H. W. B. (July–December 1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501554/page/n221/mode/1up?q=wives">"Michael Madhu Sudhan Dutta and His Anglo-Indian Wives"</a>. <i>Bengal Past and Present</i>. <b>26</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bengal+Past+and+Present&rft.atitle=Michael+Madhu+Sudhan+Dutta+and+His+Anglo-Indian+Wives&rft.volume=26&rft.date=1923-07%2F1923-12&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=H.+W.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.501554%2Fpage%2Fn221%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3Dwives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakrabarty2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chakrabarty2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDipesh_Chakrabarty2001" class="citation book cs1">Dipesh Chakrabarty (15 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QqDa4tGENvYC&pg=PA33"><i>Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference</i></a> (New ed.). Princeton University Press. pp. 33–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13001-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13001-9"><bdi>978-0-691-13001-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Provincializing+Europe%3A+Postcolonial+Thought+and+Historical+Difference&rft.pages=33-&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001-02-15&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13001-9&rft.au=Dipesh+Chakrabarty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQqDa4tGENvYC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuttSeely2004" class="citation book cs1">Dutt, Michael Madhusudhan; Seely, Clinton B. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0195167996"><i>The Slaying of Meghanada: A Ramayana from Colonial Bengal</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 16, 22–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195167993" title="Special:BookSources/9780195167993"><bdi>9780195167993</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slaying+of+Meghanada%3A+A+Ramayana+from+Colonial+Bengal&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=16%2C+22-23&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780195167993&rft.aulast=Dutt&rft.aufirst=Michael+Madhusudhan&rft.au=Seely%2C+Clinton+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0195167996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bpedia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bpedia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhowmik2012" class="citation book cs1">Bhowmik, Dulal (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dutt,_Michael_Madhusudan">"Dutt, Michael Madhusudan"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Islam, Sirajul</a>; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). <i>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707030720/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dutt,_Michael_Madhusudan">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dutt%2C+Michael+Madhusudan&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bhowmik&rft.aufirst=Dulal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDutt%2C_Michael_Madhusudan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra2012" class="citation book cs1">Mitra, Zinia, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5YmPaDMuHYYC&pg=PA32"><i>Indian Poetry in English: Critical Essays</i></a>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120345713" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120345713"><bdi>978-8120345713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Poetry+in+English%3A+Critical+Essays&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-8120345713&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5YmPaDMuHYYC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanjape2012" class="citation book cs1">Paranjape, Makarand R. 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Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 154–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0832-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0832-5"><bdi>978-81-269-0832-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Companion+to+Literature+in+English&rft.pages=154-&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0832-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA_YatfLrgnMC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhose1996" class="citation book cs1">Ghose, Subhas Chandra (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GNYL20IU20sC&pg=PA178"><i>Socio-Political Dynamics</i></a>. Northern Book Centre. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7211-070-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7211-070-3"><bdi>978-81-7211-070-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socio-Political+Dynamics&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-7211-070-3&rft.aulast=Ghose&rft.aufirst=Subhas+Chandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGNYL20IU20sC%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubhas_Chandra_Ghose1996" class="citation book cs1">Subhas Chandra Ghose (1 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GNYL20IU20sC&q=Madhusudan+polyglot&pg=PA178"><i>Socio-Political Dynamics</i></a>. Northern Book Centre. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172110703" title="Special:BookSources/9788172110703"><bdi>9788172110703</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socio-Political+Dynamics&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Northern+Book+Centre&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.isbn=9788172110703&rft.au=Subhas+Chandra+Ghose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGNYL20IU20sC%26q%3DMadhusudan%2Bpolyglot%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2011" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Mary Ellis (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0821443585"><i>Indian Angles: English Verse in Colonial India from Jones to Tagore</i></a>. Ohio University Press. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0821419410" title="Special:BookSources/978-0821419410"><bdi>978-0821419410</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Angles%3A+English+Verse+in+Colonial+India+from+Jones+to+Tagore&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0821419410&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0821443585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSri_Aurobindo_Ashram1961" class="citation book cs1">Sri Aurobindo Ashram (February 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy0PAQAAIAAJ"><i>Mother India</i></a>. p. 56<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ardent Media. pp. 219–. GGKEY:WYN7QH8HYJB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Theatre%3A+Its+Origins+and+Its+Later+Developments+Under+European+Influence%2C+with+Special+Reference+to+Western+India&rft.pages=219-&rft.pub=Ardent+Media&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Ramanial+Kanaiyaial+Yajnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8r5ycUQEl-wC%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy0PAQAAIAAJ&q=Ordinarily,+reading+of+poetry+causes+a+soporific+effect,+but+the+intoxicating+vigour+of+Madhusudan+poems+makes+even+a+sick+man+sit+up+on+his+bed"><i>Mother India: Monthly Review of Culture</i></a>. Vol. 13. 1961. p. 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mother+India%3A+Monthly+Review+of+Culture&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZy0PAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DOrdinarily%2C%2Breading%2Bof%2Bpoetry%2Bcauses%2Ba%2Bsoporific%2Beffect%2C%2Bbut%2Bthe%2Bintoxicating%2Bvigour%2Bof%2BMadhusudan%2Bpoems%2Bmakes%2Beven%2Ba%2Bsick%2Bman%2Bsit%2Bup%2Bon%2Bhis%2Bbed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhuriChoudhuri2006" class="citation book cs1">Choudhuri, Mrinmaya; Choudhuri, Mina (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u4CkPXiF_vkC&dq=which+case+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutt+appeared+in+court&pg=PA183"><i>Glimpses of the Justice System of Presidency Towns, 1687-1973</i></a>. Regency Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89233-32-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89233-32-7"><bdi>978-81-89233-32-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+the+Justice+System+of+Presidency+Towns%2C+1687-1973&rft.pub=Regency+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-89233-32-7&rft.aulast=Choudhuri&rft.aufirst=Mrinmaya&rft.au=Choudhuri%2C+Mina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du4CkPXiF_vkC%26dq%3Dwhich%2Bcase%2BMichael%2BMadhusudan%2BDutt%2Bappeared%2Bin%2Bcourt%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSri_Aurobindo_Ashram1961" class="citation book cs1">Sri Aurobindo Ashram (February 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy0PAQAAIAAJ"><i>Mother India</i></a>. p. 55<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+in+Bengal%3A+quests+and+confrontations%2C+1800%E2%80%931860&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Advanced+Study&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Arabinda+Podd%C4%81ra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMsd4rdQoHE8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MurshidMajumdar2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MurshidMajumdar2003_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhulam_MurshidGopa_Majumdar2003" class="citation book cs1">Ghulam Murshid; Gopa Majumdar (30 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7KZjAAAAMAAJ"><i>Lured by hope: a biography of Michael Madhusudan Dutt</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565362-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565362-5"><bdi>978-0-19-565362-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lured+by+hope%3A+a+biography+of+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutt&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft.isbn=978-0-19-565362-5&rft.au=Ghulam+Murshid&rft.au=Gopa+Majumdar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7KZjAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose1979" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Amalendu (1979). <i>Makers Of Indian Literature: Michael Madhusudan Dutt</i>. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Makers+Of+Indian+Literature%3A+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutt&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Amalendu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Im-waiting-for-the-right-opportunity-to-join-politics-Leander-Paes/articleshow/34472601.cms">"I'm waiting for the right opportunity to join politics: Leander Paes"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310055651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tennis/top-stories/Im-waiting-for-the-right-opportunity-to-join-politics-Leander-Paes/articleshow/34472601.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=I%27m+waiting+for+the+right+opportunity+to+join+politics%3A+Leander+Paes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fsports%2Ftennis%2Ftop-stories%2FIm-waiting-for-the-right-opportunity-to-join-politics-Leander-Paes%2Farticleshow%2F34472601.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parabaas.com/translation/database/reviews/brLured1.html">"A Review": Ghulam Murshid, <i>Lured by Hope: A Biography of Michael Madhusudan Dutt</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100529084226/http://www.parabaas.com/translation/database/reviews/brLured1.html">Archived</a> 29 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, translated from Bengali by Gopa Majumdar, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-565362-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-565362-9">0-19-565362-9</a>. Pp 238 + xvi, at Parabaas</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_poet_of_epic_proportions-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_poet_of_epic_proportions_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-144528">"A poet of epic proportions"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 29 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814041807/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-144528">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=A+poet+of+epic+proportions&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews-detail-144528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhuja_MukherjeeKaustav_Bakshi2020" class="citation book cs1">Madhuja Mukherjee; Kaustav Bakshi (9 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3NXpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP92"><i>Popular Cinema in Bengal: Genre, Stars, Public Cultures</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-044892-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-00-044892-4"><bdi>978-1-00-044892-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Cinema+in+Bengal%3A+Genre%2C+Stars%2C+Public+Cultures&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft.isbn=978-1-00-044892-4&rft.au=Madhuja+Mukherjee&rft.au=Kaustav+Bakshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3NXpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2021" class="citation news cs1">Ghosh, Paramita (12 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-betrayed-by-hope-a-play-on-the-life-of-michael-madhusudan-dutt-by-namita-gokhale-malashri-lal-101613121946371.html">"Review: Betrayed by Hope, a play on the life of Michael Madhusudan Dutta"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422195135/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-betrayed-by-hope-a-play-on-the-life-of-michael-madhusudan-dutt-by-namita-gokhale-malashri-lal-101613121946371.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Betrayed+by+Hope%2C+a+play+on+the+life+of+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutta&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Paramita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fbooks%2Freview-betrayed-by-hope-a-play-on-the-life-of-michael-madhusudan-dutt-by-namita-gokhale-malashri-lal-101613121946371.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurshid2003" class="citation book cs1">Murshid, Ghulam (2003). <i>Lured by Hope: A Biography of Michael Madhusudan Dutta</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565362-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-565362-5"><bdi>978-0-19-565362-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lured+by+Hope%3A+A+Biography+of+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutta&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-565362-5&rft.aulast=Murshid&rft.aufirst=Ghulam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span> – Gopa Majumdar's translation of <i>Ashar Chalane Bhuli</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2016" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Pinarki (2016). "Extravagant Genius: Michael Madhusudan Dutta and his Oeuvre". In Mitra, Zinia (ed.). <i>Indian Poetry in English: Critical Essays</i>. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 17–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-203-5261-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-203-5261-2"><bdi>978-81-203-5261-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Extravagant+Genius%3A+Michael+Madhusudan+Dutta+and+his+Oeuvre&rft.btitle=Indian+Poetry+in+English%3A+Critical+Essays&rft.pages=17-32&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-81-203-5261-2&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Pinarki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Madhusudan+Dutt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Modhusudoner Engreji Kabita by Sayeed Abubakar, Bhumika Prakashani, Bangla Bazar, Dhaka-1100, (2009)</li> <li>Modhusudoner Engreji Sonnet, Translation and Preface: Sayeed Abubakar, Kabitirtha, 50/3, Kabitirtha Saroni, Kolkata-23 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-951031-8-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-951031-8-8">978-81-951031-8-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and 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href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20Madhusudan%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dutt%2C%20M%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Michael%20Madhusudan%20Dutt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Michael%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Michael%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Michael%20Madhusudan%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Michael%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22M%2E%20Madhusudan%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20Madhusudan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dutt%2C%20M%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dutt%2C%20M%2E%20Madhusudan%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Michael%20Dutt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Michael%20Madhusudan%20Dutt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Michael%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Michael%20Dutt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Michael%20Madhusudan%20Dutt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Michael%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22M%2E%20M%2E%20Dutt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20Madhusudan%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%20M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Michael%20Dutt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dutt%2C%20Michael%22%29%20OR%20%28%221824-1873%22%20AND%20Dutt%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu-school.com/">Hindu School, Kolkata – Web Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707082843/http://www.hindu-school.com/">Archived</a> 7 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://granthsouthasia.in/sambhaba.html">Tilottoma Sambhaba Kabya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/14588">Works by Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bengal_Renaissance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Template:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Template talk:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bengal_Renaissance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Prasad_Sen" title="Atul Prasad Sen">Atul Prasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnarayan_Basu" title="Rajnarayan Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendra_Mohan_Bose" title="Debendra Mohan Bose">Debendra Mohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Gupta" title="Madhusudan Gupta">Madhusudan Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendranath_Brahmachari" title="Upendranath Brahmachari">Upendranath Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Datta" title="Akshay Kumar Datta">Akshay Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Vivian_Derozio" title="Henry Louis Vivian Derozio">Henry Derozio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambini_Ganguly" title="Kadambini Ganguly">Kadambini Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomohun_Ghose" title="Monomohun Ghose">Monomohun Ghose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgopal_Ghosh" title="Ramgopal Ghosh">Ramgopal Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aghore_Nath_Gupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aghore Nath Gupta (page does not exist)">Aghore Nath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(philanthropist)" title="David Hare (philanthropist)">David Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lafont" title="Eugène Lafont">Eugène Lafont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanambrata_Brahmachari" title="Mahanambrata Brahmachari">Mahanambrata Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikrishna_Mitra" title="Kalikrishna Mitra">Kalikrishna Mitra</a></li> <li>Harish Chandra Mukherjee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gour_Govinda_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gour Govinda Ray (page does not exist)">Gour Govinda Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendrakishore_Ray_Chowdhury" title="Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury">Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Chandra_Sarkar" title="Akshay Chandra Sarkar">Akshay Chandra Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendralal_Sarkar" title="Mahendralal Sarkar">Mahendralal Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajendra_Nath_Seal" title="Brajendra Nath Seal">Brajendra Nath Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Sen" title="Girish Chandra Sen">Girish Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Keshub Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraprasad_Shastri" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraprasad Shastri">Haraprasad Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Tagore" title="Satyendranath Tagore">Satyendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanadanandini_Devi" title="Jnanadanandini Devi">Jnanadanandini Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanindra_Nath_Gooptu" title="Fanindra Nath Gooptu">Fanindra Nath Gooptu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitanath_Tattwabhushan" title="Sitanath Tattwabhushan">Sitanath Tattwabhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmabandhav_Upadhyay" title="Brahmabandhav Upadhyay">Brahmabandhav Upadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Vidyabagish" title="Ram Chandra Vidyabagish">Ram Chandra Vidyabagish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarkanath_Vidyabhusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan (page does not exist)">Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Rokeya" title="Begum Rokeya">Begum Rokeya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_poetry" title="Bengali poetry">Bengali poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bengal" title="Music of Bengal">Bengali music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangiya_Sahitya_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangiya Sahitya Parishad">Bangiya Sahitya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadralok" title="Bhadralok">Bhadralok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam Sampraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of works by Kazi Nazrul Islam">Nazrul geeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nritya_Natya" title="Rabindra Nritya Natya">Rabindra Nritya Natya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet" title="Rabindra Sangeet">Rabindra Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambad_Prabhakar" title="Sambad Prabhakar">Sambad Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattwabodhini_Patrika" title="Tattwabodhini Patrika">Tattwabodhini Patrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Bengal" title="Young Bengal">Young Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_College" title="Chittagong College">Chittagong College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_School,_Kolkata" title="Hindu School, Kolkata">Hindu School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_University" title="Jadavpur University">Jadavpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethune_College" title="Bethune College">Bethune College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visva-Bharati_University" title="Visva-Bharati University">Visva-Bharati University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine">Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666864#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12160196X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82054945">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121908251">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121908251">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35135951">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p126082871">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/837751">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030508045">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zh75sq">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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