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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>In commerce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Leisure use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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title="Žetoon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Žetoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%C3%B3n" title="Jetón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jetón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenpenning" title="Rekenpenning – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rekenpenning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczman_(%C5%BCeton)" title="Liczman (żeton) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczman (żeton)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetom" title="Jetom – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jetom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Счётный жетон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Счётный жетон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetong" title="Jetong – Swedish" lang="sv" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jeton" title="Special:EditPage/Jeton">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jeton%22">"Jeton"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jeton%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jeton%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jeton%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jeton%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jeton%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg/260px-Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg/390px-Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_rv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Gold jeton, Popel of Lobkowicz by Engelhart, Prague 1592, Ø 24 millimetres (0.94 in)</figcaption></figure> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Numismatics" title="Category:Numismatics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">the study of currency</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/120px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/250px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_numismatics" title="Glossary of numismatics">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">Forgery</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies" title="List of currencies">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_circulating_currencies" title="List of circulating currencies">Circulating currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Category:Currencies of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Category:Currencies of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Europe" title="Category:Currencies of Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_North_America" title="Category:Currencies of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_South_America" title="Category:Currencies of South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Category:Currencies of Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_scrip" title="Company scrip">Company scrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_exchange_trading_system" title="Local exchange trading system">LETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-based_currency" title="Time-based currency">Time dollars</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fictional_currency" title="Fictional currency">Fictional currencies</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_currencies" title="List of proposed currencies">Proposed currencies</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_money" title="History of money">History of money</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_currencies" title="List of historical currencies">Historical currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksumite_currency" title="Aksumite currency">Aksumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid currency">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philippine_money" title="History of Philippine money">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thai_money" title="History of Thai money">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Tibetan</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_currencies" title="Category:Medieval currencies">Medieval currencies</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Production</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currency_designers" title="Category:Currency designers">Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">Coining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milled_coinage" title="Milled coinage">Milling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammered_coinage" title="Hammered coinage">Hammering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_coinage" title="Cast coinage">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint-made_errors" title="Mint-made errors">Errors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Collection</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">Coin collecting</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">Commemorative coins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">Bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_grading" title="Coin grading">Grading</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Notaphily" title="Notaphily">Notaphily</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_banknote" title="Commemorative banknote">Commemorative banknotes</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Exonumia" title="Exonumia">Exonumia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jetons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Token_coin" title="Token coin">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">Scrips</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Scripophily" title="Scripophily">Scripophily</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bonds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/20px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/40px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/17px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/26px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/34px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Numismatics" title="Template:Numismatics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Numismatics" title="Template talk:Numismatics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Numismatics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Numismatics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jetons</b> or <b>jettons</b> are <a href="/wiki/Token_coin" title="Token coin">tokens</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coin</a>-like medals produced across Europe from the 13th through the 18th centuries. They were produced as counters for use in calculation on a <a href="/wiki/Counting_board" title="Counting board">counting board</a>, a lined board similar to an <a href="/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus">abacus</a>. Jetons for calculation were commonly used in Europe from about 1200 to 1700,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPullan196876_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPullan196876-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained in occasional use into the early nineteenth century. They also found use as a money substitute in games, similar to modern casino chips or <a href="/wiki/Poker_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Poker chip">poker chips</a>. </p><p>Thousands of different jetons exist, mostly of religious and educational designs, as well as portraits, the last of which most resemble coinage, somewhat similar to modern, non-circulation <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">commemorative coins</a>. The spelling "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jeton" class="extiw" title="wikt:jeton">jeton</a>" is from the French; it is sometimes spelled "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jetton" class="extiw" title="wikt:jetton">jetton</a>" in English. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_calculi">Roman <i>calculi</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roman calculi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Romans similarly used <a href="/wiki/Pebble" title="Pebble">pebbles</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">calculi</i> "little stones", whence English <i>calculate</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Beek1986_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Beek1986-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Addition is straightforward, and relatively efficient algorithms for multiplication and division were known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The custom of stamping counters like coins began in France, with the oldest known coming from the fiscal offices of the royal government of France and dating from around the middle of the 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenninger1992375_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenninger1992375-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the late 13th century to the end of the 14th century, jetons were produced in England, similar in design to contemporary Edwardian <a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">pennies</a>. Although they were made of brass they were often pierced or indented at the centre to avoid them being plated with silver and passed off as real silver coins. By the middle of the 14th century, English jetons were being produced in a larger size, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Groat_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groat (coin)">groat</a>. </p><p>Throughout the 15th century competition from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> ended jeton manufacture in England, but not for long. <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> jeton masters initially started by copying counters of their European neighbours, but by the mid 16th century they gained a monopoly by mass-producing cheaper jetons for commercial use. Later – "counter casting" being obsolete – production shifted to jetons for use in games and toys, sometimes copying more or less famous jetons with a political background. </p><p>Mints in the Low Countries in the late Middle Ages in general produced the counters for official bookkeeping. Most of them show the effigy of the ruler within a flattering text and on the reverse the ruler's <a href="/wiki/Escutcheon_(heraldry)" title="Escutcheon (heraldry)">escutcheon</a> and the name or city of the accounting office. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rekenaar_1553.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuremberg, c. 1553, moneychanger, Ø 28 mm."><img alt="Nuremberg, c. 1553, moneychanger, Ø 28 mm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Rekenaar_1553.jpg/180px-Rekenaar_1553.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Rekenaar_1553.jpg/270px-Rekenaar_1553.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Rekenaar_1553.jpg/360px-Rekenaar_1553.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1379" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nuremberg, c. 1553, moneychanger, Ø 28 mm.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rechentisch.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Counting board (woodcut, probably from Strasbourg). The lines and the spaces between the lines function like the wires or rods on an abacus. The place value is marked at the end."><img alt="Counting board (woodcut, probably from Strasbourg). The lines and the spaces between the lines function like the wires or rods on an abacus. The place value is marked at the end." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rechentisch.png/180px-Rechentisch.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rechentisch.png/270px-Rechentisch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rechentisch.png/360px-Rechentisch.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Counting_board" title="Counting board">Counting board</a> (<a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a>, probably from Strasbourg). The lines and the spaces between the lines function like the wires or rods on an <a href="/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus">abacus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Place_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Place value">place value</a> is marked at the end.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> (1568–1609) this pattern changed and by both parties, the North in front, about 2,000 different, mostly political, jetons (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Rekenpenning</i>) were minted depicting the victories, ideals and aims. Specifically in the last quarter of the 16th century, where <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">geuzen</i></span> or "beggars" made important military contributions to the Dutch side and bookkeeping was already done without counters, the production in the North was just for propaganda. </p><p>The mints and treasuries of the big estates in Central Europe used their own jetons and then had a number of them struck in gold and silver as New Year gifts for their employees, who in turn commissioned jetons with their own mottoes and coats-of-arms. In the sixteenth century the Czech Royal Treasury bought between two and three thousand pieces at the beginning of each year. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275594942" /><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dordrecht 1588, invincible Armada destroyed, Ø 30 mm."><img alt="Dordrecht 1588, invincible Armada destroyed, Ø 30 mm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg/180px-Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg/270px-Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg/360px-Jeton_vernietiging_Armada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dordrecht 1588, invincible Armada destroyed, Ø 30 mm.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christoph of Lobkowicz counter produced by D. Engelhart in 1592."><img alt="Christoph of Lobkowicz counter produced by D. Engelhart in 1592." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg/180px-Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg/270px-Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg/360px-Cristoph_lobkowicz_counter_av.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Christoph of Lobkowicz counter produced by D. Engelhart in 1592.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/0" title="0">zero</a> came into use, "pen reckoning" gradually displaced "counter casting" as the common accounting method. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_commerce">In commerce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In commerce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 21st century, jetons continue to be used in some countries as <a href="/wiki/Telephone_token" title="Telephone token">telephone tokens</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gettone" title="Gettone">gettone</a> in coin-operated <a href="/wiki/Payphone" title="Payphone">public telephones</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Vending_machine" title="Vending machine">vending machines</a>. They are usually made of metal or hard plastic. In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> the word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Jeton</i></span> refers specifically to <a href="/wiki/Casino_token" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino token">casino tokens</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> the word <span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">żeton</i></span>, pronounced similarly to French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeton</i></span>, refers both to tokens used in vending machines, phones etc. and to those used in casinos. The word <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">жетон</span></span> has the same use in <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, as does the word <span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro">jeton</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> and <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">žetoon</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>. However in <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungary</a> the word <span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu">zseton</i></span> is (somewhat dated) slang for money, particularly coins. Plastic jetons used to be used for paying the fare for the <a href="/wiki/Star_Ferry" title="Star Ferry">Star Ferry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure_use">Leisure use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leisure use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg/220px-Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg/330px-Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg/440px-Jetons_for_card_games-IMG_7477.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3542" data-file-height="3239" /></a><figcaption>Coloured wooden counters of the type used in card games. The jetons are the round counters</figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from their monetary use in casinos, jetons are used in <a href="/wiki/Card_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Card games">card games</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> but also in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. They are traditionally made of wood of different shapes and sizes to represent different values such as 1, 5, 10, 50 or 100 points. For example, in traditional French games, jetons are round and usually worth 1 unit; fiches are long and rectangular in shape and may be worth 10 to 20 jetons; contrats are the short rectangular counters and may be worth, say, 100 units. </p><p>The jetons are also stained or coloured so that each player can have his or her own colour. This facilitates scoring because players do not need to start with exactly the same number of counters. Nowadays plastic jetons are a cheap alternative. Games that typically use jetons include <a href="/wiki/Nain_Jaune" title="Nain Jaune">Nain Jaune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belote" title="Belote">Belote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piquet" title="Piquet">Piquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ombre" title="Ombre">Ombre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mistigri_(card_game)" title="Mistigri (card game)">Mistigri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Tarok" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Tarok">Danish Tarok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vira_(card_game)" title="Vira (card game)">Vira</a>. A dedicated box called <a href="/wiki/Virapulla" title="Virapulla">virapulla</a> is used to contain Vira jetons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In France and other countries a <i>jeton</i> is also a token amount of <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> paid to members of a <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> or a legislative chamber each time they are present in a <a href="/wiki/Meeting" title="Meeting">meeting</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casino_token" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino token">Casino token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_medal" title="Devotional medal">Devotional medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_arithmetic" title="Location arithmetic">Location arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_token" title="Telephone token">Telephone token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettone" title="Gettone">Gettone</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPullan196876-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPullan196876_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPullan1968">Pullan (1968)</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Beek1986-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Beek1986_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Beek1986">van Beek (1986)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenninger1992375-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenninger1992375_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenninger1992">Menninger (1992)</a>, p. 375.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMenninger1992" class="citation book cs1">Menninger, Karl W. (1992) [1969]. <i>Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of Numbers</i>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-13040-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-13040-8"><bdi>0-262-13040-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21420">21420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Number+Words+and+Number+Symbols%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+Numbers&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21420&rft.isbn=0-262-13040-8&rft.aulast=Menninger&rft.aufirst=Karl+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPullan1968" class="citation book cs1">Pullan, J. M. (1968). <i>The History of the Abacus</i>. London: Hutchinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-089410-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-09-089410-3"><bdi>0-09-089410-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38989">38989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Abacus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hutchinson&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38989&rft.isbn=0-09-089410-3&rft.aulast=Pullan&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_Beek1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">van Beek, Bert (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagocoinclub.org/projects/PiN/juh.html">"Jetons: Their Use and History"</a>. In Needleman, Saul B. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagocoinclub.org/projects/PiN/pin.html"><i>Perspectives in Numismatics</i></a>. <i>Perspectives in Numismatics: Studies Presented to the Chicago Coin Club</i>. Translated by Schulman, Robert. Chicago, Ill.: Ares. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89005-438-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89005-438-X"><bdi>0-89005-438-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14396454">14396454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Perspectives+in+Numismatics&rft.btitle=Perspectives+in+Numismatics%3A+Studies+Presented+to+the+Chicago+Coin+Club&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Ill.&rft.pub=Ares&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14396454&rft.isbn=0-89005-438-X&rft.aulast=van+Beek&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagocoinclub.org%2Fprojects%2FPiN%2Fjuh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRouyerHucherPastoureau1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rouyer, Jules; Hucher, Eugène Frédéric Ferdinand; Pastoureau, Michel (1982). <i>Histoire du jeton au Moyen âge</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+jeton+au+Moyen+%C3%A2ge&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Rouyer&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft.au=Hucher%2C+Eug%C3%A8ne+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Ferdinand&rft.au=Pastoureau%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKleisnerZuzana_Holečková2006" class="citation book cs1">Kleisner, Tomáš; Zuzana Holečková (2006). <i>Coins and Medals of the Last Rosenbergs</i>. Prague: National Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-7036-206-5" title="Special:BookSources/80-7036-206-5"><bdi>80-7036-206-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coins+and+Medals+of+the+Last+Rosenbergs&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=National+Museum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=80-7036-206-5&rft.aulast=Kleisner&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1&rft.au=Zuzana+Hole%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnelling1769" class="citation book cs1">Snelling, Thomas (1769). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gppcAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP5"><i>A View of the Origin, Nature, and Use of Jettons Or Counters</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+View+of+the+Origin%2C+Nature%2C+and+Use+of+Jettons+Or+Counters&rft.date=1769&rft.aulast=Snelling&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgppcAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361981#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4308298-1">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column 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class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jeton" class="extiw" title="wikt:jeton">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jetons" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Jetons">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeton&oldid=1253405052">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeton&oldid=1253405052</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Token_coins" title="Category:Token coins">Token coins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mechanical_calculators" 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>8 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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