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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":108028934,"created_at":"2023-10-12T02:46:55.285-07:00","from_world_paper_id":241830812,"updated_at":"2024-11-23T11:43:29.368-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of ancient Roman foodways The Roman world developed over hundreds of years during which time it extended over vast regions in three continents. Throughout its history, there were significant changes in political, economic, and military organization and although there were elements of a common identity, there were also significant regional contrasts. Such historical aspects are intertwined with what were practices of food consumption and production which can be investigated using a variety of methodological approaches. Through the study of these interlinks or foodways it becomes possible to reveal the nature of the relationships between past populations and their local environments, including how available resources were exploited and associated environmental responses. In addition, given that food production rests on specific forms of economic organization studies of past foodways also provides insights into topics such as labour organization, technological choices, and productivity levels. Furthermore, large-scale forms of economic organization operate within political systems having internal and external networks that are reflected in the trade of foodstuffs. For single individuals, the study of diet and nutrition combined with socioeconomic data (e.g. sex, age, or status) is employed to identify practices of social differentiation. Individual dietary choices are also dependent on religious or cultural contexts and constitute a symbolic expression of identity potentially revealing phenomena of social integration or resistance. Previous studies on Roman foodways have addressed several of the topics listed above. However, this special issue embodies an effort to strengthen and promote the integration of multiple sources of evidence. The expectation is that through evidence integration, novel historical insights will emerge that go beyond the mere sum of independent datasets. A major source of evidence on Roman food consumption and production is the study of literary sources. Following this research line Kokoszko et al. collected and summarized written statements on dairy products from the medical treatise De Materia Medica authored by Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbos (1st century CE). Described within the treatise are methodologies for producing dairy products, considerations of how milk properties varied with animal food consumption, and which milk sources were the healthiest. Similarities among the writings of Dioscorides and those made by other early Imperial authors (Pliny the Elder or Sextius Niger) suggest the existence of a common earlier source identified as the school of Asclepiades of Bithynia. Furthermore, the medical guidelines could be part of an even earlier Hellenistic tradition, which also continued after the 1st century CE. Beyond the wide temporal range of this medical tradition Kokoszko et al. also suggest that it may have been adopted across a wide social spectrum given a lack of references to luxury or imported items. Popova and Hristova also collected literary information on the Roman use of stone pine nuts (Pinus pinea L.) as a food source, which was combined with compiled data on seed and macroscopic remains of stone pine found in Bulgarian Hellenistic and Roman sites. In particular, burnt nut seed remains, together with remains from local plant species, can be found in Roman religious and burial contexts. Popova and Hristova point out that similar finds occur throughout the Roman world highlighting the symbolic dimension of stone pines and the trade connections that this implied. A similar symbolic role and contribution to the establishment of a Roman identity were shown for chickens in Roman Britain by Maltby et al. These authors examined data available from two major projects investigating past chicken exploitation by humans on rural settlements in Roman Britain. Data was obtained using a variety of methods including the study of written sources (e.g. Vindolanda tablets), study of archaeofaunal distributions, eggshell identification using optical microscopy and ZooMS (ZooArchaeology by Mass Spectrometry), and x-ray analysis of medullary bone to identify the presence of laying eggs. The temporal distribution of chicken bone remains shows that there was a small increase in chicken exploitation during the Roman period in Britain. However, this exotic species represented only a minor part of total faunal remains and its presence was concentrated in well-Romanized sites. Beyond diet, chickens were used as offerings in burial and religious contexts having thus a symbolic role. In terms of large-scale economic exploitation the main source of animal protein in Roman Britain was cattle whereas cereals constituted the main source of calories. This was shown by Hurely through the study of the distribution of gathered data from animal and plant archaeological remains in the Roman Food Database. Focusing on high-quality data from Iron Age and Roman Cambridgeshire, a trend towards an increase in the exploitation of hulled wheat and cattle during the Roman period was shown and linked to agriculture intensification and expansion. Besides the relative caloric contributions from different foodstuffs the study of past human food consumption also includes assessing if nutritional requirements were achieved (e.g. mineral intakes). Heinrich and Erdkamp reviewed available evidence (e.g. osteological data) on Roman malnutrition. They argue that potential Roman malnutrition was not necessarily caused by an excessive consumption of cereals deficient in mineral nutrients, given that reference values for these are based on modern cereals that have different nutrient and genetic compositions. Furthermore, the authors state that past malnutrition is not necessarily indicative of economic performance given its prevalence throughout history and the existence of non-economic causes for malnutrition. Increasingly, isotopic proxies are being employed to quantify dietary contributions for Roman individuals. The most common type of isotopic analyses is the measurement of the abundance of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the protein collagen extracted from bone or tooth remains. This type of analysis was made by Martyn et al. for individuals from the coastal site of Herculaneum buried during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. Isotopic results showed that the predominant source of protein for Herculaneum individuals was from terrestrial foods although the","publication_date":"2018,6,1","publication_name":"Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"106524763"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of ancient Roman foodways","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [12425396]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="80285609" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80285609/The_New_Old_Interest_in_Roman_Foodways">The New-Old Interest in Roman Foodways</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1146841" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/EmmaBlake">Emma Blake</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, 2016</p><p 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DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v10i1_blake</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The New-Old Interest in Roman Foodways","attachmentId":86718248,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80285609/The_New_Old_Interest_in_Roman_Foodways","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80285609/The_New_Old_Interest_in_Roman_Foodways"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="151658" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/151658/Thomas_R_and_Stallibrass_S_2008_For_starters_producing_and_supplying_food_to_the_army_in_the_Roman_north_west_provinces_pp_1_17_in_Stallibrass_S_and_Thomas_R_eds_">Thomas, R. and Stallibrass, S. 2008. 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","attachmentId":11087,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/151658/Thomas_R_and_Stallibrass_S_2008_For_starters_producing_and_supplying_food_to_the_army_in_the_Roman_north_west_provinces_pp_1_17_in_Stallibrass_S_and_Thomas_R_eds_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/151658/Thomas_R_and_Stallibrass_S_2008_For_starters_producing_and_supplying_food_to_the_army_in_the_Roman_north_west_provinces_pp_1_17_in_Stallibrass_S_and_Thomas_R_eds_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="85975495" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85975495/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_Diet_and_Nutrition_in_the_Roman_World">The Routledge Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Roman World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31006497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sweingarten">susan weingarten</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Routledge Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Roman World","attachmentId":90529626,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85975495/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_Diet_and_Nutrition_in_the_Roman_World","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85975495/The_Routledge_Handbook_of_Diet_and_Nutrition_in_the_Roman_World"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38718383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38718383/What_Romans_ate_and_how_much_they_ate_of_it_Old_and_new_research_on_eating_habits_and_dietary_proportions_in_classical_antiquity">What Romans ate and how much they ate of it. Old and new research on eating habits and dietary proportions in classical antiquity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="473602" href="https://uinvr.academia.edu/DimitriVanLimbergen">Dimitri Van Limbergen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article reviews the current state of affairs regarding our knowledge on eating habits and dietary proportions in the Roman world. The narrative is centred on the main components of the ancient diet: cereals, wine, olive oil, meat, fish, vegetables, fruits and pulses. Focal points in the discussion are food types and calories. The author integrates literature, archaeology and natural sciences, and devotes particular attention to the possibilities and constraints of our datasets. What emerges is a complicated picture in which it remains difficult to answer basic questions and to identify general patterns. By offering a series of thinking tools, however, the article provides a new framework for researchers to increase our understanding of the classical diet in the future.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"What Romans ate and how much they ate of it. Old and new research on eating habits and dietary proportions in classical antiquity","attachmentId":95107449,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38718383/What_Romans_ate_and_how_much_they_ate_of_it_Old_and_new_research_on_eating_habits_and_dietary_proportions_in_classical_antiquity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38718383/What_Romans_ate_and_how_much_they_ate_of_it_Old_and_new_research_on_eating_habits_and_dietary_proportions_in_classical_antiquity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="37253987" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37253987/Developing_an_integrated_large_scale_approach_to_the_archaeological_study_of_food_A_pilot_study_of_Iron_Age_and_Roman_Cambridgeshire">Developing an integrated, large-scale approach to the archaeological study of food: A pilot study of Iron Age and Roman Cambridgeshire</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3251955" href="https://brown.academia.edu/JuliaHurley">Julia Hurley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Foodways are deeply integrated into society, and, by extension, the archaeological study of foodways can be revealing of sociocultural and political features of ancient societies. This paper presents the results of a proof-of-concept trial of a new methodological approach for the study of foodways based on archaeological evidence. The aim is to enhance the quality of the conclusions that can be drawn about food in the ancient world. This approach relies on an improved system for the collection, organization, and storage of data—an extensible rela-tional database dubbed the Roman Food Database—which facilitates the large-scale, integrated analysis of the remains of edible plants and animals. This system enables the application of novel analytical methodologies to data that would otherwise be too disparate and variable to consider holistically. The methodology was tested using evidence from Iron Age and Roman Cambridgeshire, for which there is much high-quality data available, making it possible to assemble one of the most extensive integrated datasets of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological information to date. Preliminary analysis has allowed for the integrated exploration of topics such as production intensification and the use of wild resources. Results suggest that this approach is a productive way forward for the archaeological study of foodways.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Developing an integrated, large-scale approach to the archaeological study of food: A pilot study of Iron Age and Roman Cambridgeshire","attachmentId":57206886,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37253987/Developing_an_integrated_large_scale_approach_to_the_archaeological_study_of_food_A_pilot_study_of_Iron_Age_and_Roman_Cambridgeshire","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37253987/Developing_an_integrated_large_scale_approach_to_the_archaeological_study_of_food_A_pilot_study_of_Iron_Age_and_Roman_Cambridgeshire"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="116228126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116228126/Exploring_Dietary_Differentiation_in_the_Roman_Province_of_Macedonia_Isotopic_Evidence_from_Pontokomi_Vrysi_and_Nea_Kerdylia_Strovolos_Environmental_Archaeology_Co_authors_Vergidou_C_Karamitrou_Mentessidi_G_Malama_P_Darakis_K_Dee_M_W_Voutsaki_S_Nikita_E_and_Vaiglova_P_">Exploring Dietary Differentiation in the Roman Province of Macedonia: Isotopic Evidence from Pontokomi-Vrysi and Nea Kerdylia-Strovolos, Environmental Archaeology. (Co-authors: Vergidou, C., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Malama, P., Darakis, K., Dee, M. W., Voutsaki, S., Nikita, E., & Vaiglova, P.).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3567290" href="https://auth.academia.edu/KonstantinosDarakis">Konstantinos Darakis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental Archaeology, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper used stable isotope analysis (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) to examine whether intra-and inter-site sex and age differences existed within two distinct communities of Roman Macedonia in relation to the dietary preferences of their inhabitants. It also explored the degree of influence that the micro-ecology characterising the sub-region each community used to reside and the social status of these individuals had in determining the observed dietary profiles. The results showed no sex and age intra-community differences, but did reveal important inter-site differences. Together these observed patterns have implications regarding the way archaeologists and more specifically bioarchaeologists still examine social groups in relation to food; oversimplified divisions on inequalities in the household domain need to be reconsidered, or at least justified. They also show the potential bioarchaeology holds to enlighten aspects of the social history of the &amp;#39;common&amp;#39; people residing in the provinces. It lastly argues for the potential of science-based approaches to the study of food to provide supplementary information regarding past dietary preferences that can be used as a proxy to detect variable degrees of incorporation into the globalising networks of the Roman world and argues for a closer collaboration between bioarchaeology and current theoretical discussions on Romanization. info/links: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14614103.2023.2248774</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring Dietary Differentiation in the Roman Province of Macedonia: Isotopic Evidence from Pontokomi-Vrysi and Nea Kerdylia-Strovolos, Environmental Archaeology. (Co-authors: Vergidou, C., Karamitrou-Mentessidi, G., Malama, P., Darakis, K., Dee, M. W., Voutsaki, S., Nikita, E., \u0026 Vaiglova, P.).","attachmentId":112418977,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116228126/Exploring_Dietary_Differentiation_in_the_Roman_Province_of_Macedonia_Isotopic_Evidence_from_Pontokomi_Vrysi_and_Nea_Kerdylia_Strovolos_Environmental_Archaeology_Co_authors_Vergidou_C_Karamitrou_Mentessidi_G_Malama_P_Darakis_K_Dee_M_W_Voutsaki_S_Nikita_E_and_Vaiglova_P_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116228126/Exploring_Dietary_Differentiation_in_the_Roman_Province_of_Macedonia_Isotopic_Evidence_from_Pontokomi_Vrysi_and_Nea_Kerdylia_Strovolos_Environmental_Archaeology_Co_authors_Vergidou_C_Karamitrou_Mentessidi_G_Malama_P_Darakis_K_Dee_M_W_Voutsaki_S_Nikita_E_and_Vaiglova_P_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="85645730" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85645730/Food_for_the_soul_and_food_for_the_body_Studying_dietary_patterns_and_funerary_meals_in_the_Western_Roman_Empire_An_anthropological_and_archaeozoological_approach">Food for the soul and food for the body. Studying dietary patterns and funerary meals in the Western Roman Empire: An anthropological and archaeozoological approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1284030" href="https://icac.academia.edu/L%C3%ADdiaColominas">Lídia Colominas</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32504" href="https://uct.academia.edu/DomingoCarlosSalazarGarc%C3%ADa">Domingo Carlos Salazar-García</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ancient written sources show that Roman funerary rituals were relevant along the entire Roman Republic and Empire, as they ensured the protection of deities and the memory of the deceased. Part of these rituals consisted of funerary offerings and banquets that were held on the day of the burial, in festivities and other stipulated days. The faunal remains recovered inside the graves and around them are evidence of these rituals. Therefore, their study can allow us to know if the funerary meals and rituals developed in the Roman necropolis were special and implied food that differed from everyday dietary habits, according to the importance of these rituals. To test this, we analysed the archaeozoological and anthropological material from the necropolis of Vila de Madrid (Barcelona, Catalonia), which was in use between the first half of the 2 nd century AD and mid 3 rd century AD. The archaeozoological analysis of the faunal remains recovered in the necropolis and inside the graves, as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios results on bone collagen from 50 faunal specimens and 41 humans, suggest that, overall, funerary meals in Vila de Madrid necropolis did not imply different food than that consumed during life. Regarding age, sex, offerings and diet, some differences are observed, suggesting that inequalities present in life could have been also present in the funerary rituals.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food for the soul and food for the body. Studying dietary patterns and funerary meals in the Western Roman Empire: An anthropological and archaeozoological approach","attachmentId":90280261,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85645730/Food_for_the_soul_and_food_for_the_body_Studying_dietary_patterns_and_funerary_meals_in_the_Western_Roman_Empire_An_anthropological_and_archaeozoological_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85645730/Food_for_the_soul_and_food_for_the_body_Studying_dietary_patterns_and_funerary_meals_in_the_Western_Roman_Empire_An_anthropological_and_archaeozoological_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="11348938" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11348938/Animal_bones_and_the_dietary_identity_of_military_and_civilian_groups_in_Roman_Britain_Germany_and_Gaul">Animal bones and the dietary identity of military and civilian groups in Roman Britain, Germany and Gaul</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1893363" href="https://winchester.academia.edu/AnthonyKing">Anthony C King</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is a slightly revised version (updated bibliography) of an article published in 1984, in Blagg, T F C & King, A C (ed), Military and Civilian in Roman Britain, Oxford: BAR Brit Ser 136, 187-217. It presents an analysis of cattle, sheep/goat and pig bone percentages at military and civilian sites in the NW provinces of the Roman Empire. The notion of a military diet is explored, and the extent of dietary influence coming into Britain via the military. It is suggested that Germanic and Gallic provincial diet in the early Roman Empire had a strong effect on the development of diet in military areas and subsequently on the British civilian population. Italian meat diet was very different, and appears to have had relatively little effect on changing dietary preferences in the NW provinces.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Animal bones and the dietary identity of military and civilian groups in Roman Britain, Germany and Gaul","attachmentId":36920514,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11348938/Animal_bones_and_the_dietary_identity_of_military_and_civilian_groups_in_Roman_Britain_Germany_and_Gaul","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11348938/Animal_bones_and_the_dietary_identity_of_military_and_civilian_groups_in_Roman_Britain_Germany_and_Gaul"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="84093177" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84093177/A_Handbook_of_Food_Processing_in_Classical_Rome_For_Her_Bounty_No_Winter_Technology_and_Change_in_History_9_">A Handbook of Food Processing in Classical Rome: For Her Bounty No Winter. (Technology and Change in History, 9.)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41523944" href="https://independent.academia.edu/hamidaalgmati">hamida algmati</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Isis, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Handbook of Food Processing in Classical Rome: For Her Bounty No Winter. (Technology and Change in History, 9.)","attachmentId":89232846,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84093177/A_Handbook_of_Food_Processing_in_Classical_Rome_For_Her_Bounty_No_Winter_Technology_and_Change_in_History_9_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84093177/A_Handbook_of_Food_Processing_in_Classical_Rome_For_Her_Bounty_No_Winter_Technology_and_Change_in_History_9_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="36616923" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36616923/Different_perspectives_on_why_people_kept_chickens_in_Roman_Britain_A_multi_disciplinary_approach">Different perspectives on why people kept chickens in Roman Britain -A multi-disciplinary approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3362591" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/AlastairCooper">Alastair Cooper</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Many theoretical methods of studying the Roman world over the past three centuries have emerged offering different perspectives on the Roman life from contradictory points of view. This work shall emphasize those pertaining to a few categories pertaining to food, drink and identity in the Roman world whilst taking a homogenous approach to exemplifying different patterns of thought. This piece of work showcases how the history of the chicken in the Early Roman Britain is littered with evidence from many different disciplines. It explores different avenues of research epitomizing how the chicken has been portrayed and utilised in the Early and through to the Late Roman period. The use of classical literature along with art historical perspectives can act as two lines of inquiry that slotted together allows the scholar to study the interaction of humans and chickens throughout a pivotal point in history when the chicken became one of the most popular animals in Roman Britain. The archaeozoological evidence indicates that the chicken was not only kept for ‘cockfighting’ as Caesar claims in De Bello Gallico, but also for eggs. A study of the environmental evidence and archaeozoological evidence will provide analysis of chicken husbandry in Roman Britain investigating the importance of male and female chickens and distinguishing between sexes. Furthermore one of the downplayed pointers is the use of the medullary bone, which can be used to seasonally date assemblages, sex birds, and help the interpretation of archaeological assemblages. The association of the chicken with Roman religious cults shall also be explored to understand why the animal was deemed worthy of sacrifice at shrines and alters and how religion may have utilized the domestic fowl. Continuing this investigation I will look at Iron Age burials and Roman burials with chicken bones and eggs and discuss their importance. Lastly, a study of material culture in relation to the chicken will provide a parallel to the other evidence to show how popular the chicken because through the use of chicken style brooches. This will allow new perspectives to be drawn on why people might have worn a chicken brooch.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Different perspectives on why people kept chickens in Roman Britain -A multi-disciplinary approach","attachmentId":56546828,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36616923/Different_perspectives_on_why_people_kept_chickens_in_Roman_Britain_A_multi_disciplinary_approach","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36616923/Different_perspectives_on_why_people_kept_chickens_in_Roman_Britain_A_multi_disciplinary_approach"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":106524763,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":106524763,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_106524763" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="29682024" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29682024/Dietary_preferences_of_the_inhabitants_of_ancient_Akrai_Acrae_south_eastern_Sicily_during_Roman_times_and_the_Byzantine_period">Dietary preferences of the inhabitants of ancient Akrai/Acrae (south-eastern Sicily) during Roman times and the Byzantine period</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25767784" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaGr%C4%99zak">Anna Gręzak</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12425396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoksanaChowaniec">Roksana Chowaniec</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">M. 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data-entity-id="36920128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36920128/Interdisciplinary_approaches_to_the_study_of_ancient_Roman_foodways_Journal_of_Archaeological_Science_Reports_19_2018_p_979_981">Interdisciplinary approaches to the study of ancient Roman foodways, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19, 2018, p. 979-981</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12425396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoksanaChowaniec">Roksana Chowaniec</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Archaeological Science, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interdisciplinary approaches to the 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