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<span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government and infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crime-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crime subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_criminal_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_criminal_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History of criminal activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_criminal_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raid_on_Link_Valley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raid_on_Link_Valley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Raid on Link Valley</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raid_on_Link_Valley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_of_raid_and_end_of_widespread_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_of_raid_and_end_of_widespread_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Aftermath of raid and end of widespread crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_of_raid_and_end_of_widespread_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Link_Valley,_Houston&params=29.677_N_95.437_W_region:US-TX"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°40′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">95°26′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.677°N 95.437°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.677; -95.437</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Populated place in Texas</div> <p><b>Link Valley</b> is a community in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> that consists of many apartment complexes. In the late 1980s it was nicknamed "Death Valley" due to high levels of drug-related and violent crime. Since a 1989 raid Link Valley has not had significant criminal activity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The apartments were developed in the 1960s, when the area was considered to be <a href="/wiki/Suburban" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban">suburban</a>. Originally athletes, medical students,<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> airline employees, local people,<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and young professionals lived there. At the time the <a href="/wiki/610_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="610 Loop">610 Loop</a> had been newly constructed. At one time 5,000 people lived in the apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Cullick, a member of the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i> Austin bureau, said that as the apartments were built, residents of nearby residential subdivisions shunned them because the apartment residents were transient and of a lower socioeconomic status. The residential neighborhoods were deed restricted, preventing rental units from being built within. This caused apartments to be concentrated in the same areas. The apartments did not have recreational facilities. Cullick believed that the isolation caused Link Valley to become a crime-ridden area in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Cullick_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cullick-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s through the mid-1980s Link Valley remained middle class.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> developed, newer and more luxurious apartment complexes further away from the city core opened. Gradually the Link Valley apartments lost favor.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large number of apartments in Greater Houston caused prices of renting apartments in Link Valley to decrease.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a>, Houston's real estate market declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The landlords were forced to further reduce rents, but there were insufficient tenants to keep the apartments profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Link Valley many of the apartments were bankrupt and foreclosed. Jeff Kunerth of the <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a></i> said that a "general abandonment" occurred. The apartments became known for drug dealing and vagrancy. After an elderly woman in a nearby community was murdered by residents of the area, homeowners put pressure on the city to clean up the community. A 1989 raid removed many drug dealers, vandals, vagrants, and drug addicts from the Link Valley community.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991 the City of Houston financed the demolition of several derelict structures in Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Liebrum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liebrum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993 a developer offered to buy 75 acres (30 ha) of vacant land south of the apartments, near West Bellfort Road, and also to buy out some of the old apartments, so residential and commercial projects could be built. The developers hoped to obtain around 125 acres (51 ha) of land.<sup id="cite_ref-BivinsReturns_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BivinsReturns-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2004 several streets near Link Valley had townhouses each worth around $200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Now_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Now-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Link Valley is in southwestern Houston, located off of Stella Link Road,<sup id="cite_ref-Stanton_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and south of and along the <a href="/wiki/610_Loop" class="mw-redirect" title="610 Loop">610 Loop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BivinsReturns_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BivinsReturns-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of apartments centered on Link Valley Drive.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheap_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheap-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the <a href="/wiki/Reliant_Astrodome" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliant Astrodome">Reliant Astrodome</a> and is about a 10-minute driving distance to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Link Valley is also in proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hobby_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobby Airport">Hobby Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 27-acre (11 ha) Link Valley area is the size of Eola Park in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Orlando" title="Downtown Orlando">Downtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community has six city blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Link Valley was adjacent to a community of brick houses. That community was originally <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, but in 1989 it was a racially mixed community.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The apartments were clustered together, and had over 3,000 units.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apartments had brick façades, colonial style pillars, hardwood floors, and balconies made of wrought iron. Apartment dining rooms had chandeliers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names of complexes included Alsace, Chez Charme, Provence, Royale, and Starlight Arms.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s, when Link Valley became a center for drug dealing, many of the apartments had no appliances, plumbing, and wiring. Trash was a common feature in Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory Curtis of <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i> said that, after the police raid in 1989, the names of the apartments sounded like "cynical jokes".<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curtis added that, in 1989, the apartments had "disintegrated to the point where restoration seems impossible and their demolition would be a blessing."<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_infrastructure">Government and infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government and infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The community has been served by the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Houston Police Department</a> Southwest (Beechnut) Patrol Division.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">Houston City Council</a> District K serves Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2000s and prior to 2011 it was a part of city council district C.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s and 1990s it was in District D.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbsealoff_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbsealoff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1980s the community was known for having an abundance of drug-related criminal activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheap_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheap-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Houstonians (Houston citizens) nicknamed it "Death Valley" because many drug-related homicides occurred there. In a period over 10 years ending in 1989, many drug dealers and prostitutes operated in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanton_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kim Cobb of the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i> said that Link Valley's apartments, which were mostly vacant, appeared "like a war zone, buildings with broken windows, high weeds, boarded up buildings and an assortment of prostitutes and junkies."<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbdrugnest-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory Curtis of the <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i> said that Link Valley was "the closest we come in Texas to the total, bombed out devastation one sees in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> or the <a href="/wiki/South_Bronx" title="South Bronx">South Bronx</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm K. Sparrow, an author of <i>Beyond 911: A New Era For Policing</i>, said that Link Valley had "more in common with <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a> than with the calm, landscaped residential neighborhoods that surround it."<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrowetal4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrowetal4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police believed that some apartments were used as <a href="/wiki/Crack_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="Crack houses">crack houses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cullick_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cullick-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cocaine traffickers drove away landlords who tried to board windows or make other improvements to the complexes. One drug establishment used flashlights to manage traffic of people intending to buy drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Police arrested hundreds of people at Link Valley on a yearly basis. Due to overcrowding in Houston jails, many of those caught served shorter sentences than they otherwise would, and many drug dealers arrested by police were replaced by other dealers.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sergeant J. W. Collins of the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Houston Police Department</a> Southwest Patrol Division said that the factor that aggravated the trade was the fact that Link Valley was in close proximity to the 610 Loop.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many drug customers from across Houston traveled to Link Valley to buy drugs. They used the 610 Loop to quickly enter and exit the Link Valley area.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A customer would take the Stella Link exit off of 610, then drive down Link Valley Drive and receive his or her drugs. After the drug purchase, the customer would travel to the 610 Loop feeder roads via a side street, and quickly leave Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collins said that many of the drug customers were <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> who were casual drug users, and he recalled that <a href="/wiki/Powdered_cocaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Powdered cocaine">powdered cocaine</a>, rather than crack cocaine, was the main drug purchased at the complex. Collins added that, while many White casual drug consumers would feel nervous entering a black neighborhood, where they would more easily stand out and attract attention of law enforcement and violent criminals, in Link Valley they could easily enter and leave the community, so they felt more confident in buying drugs there.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Link Valley was so popular that it frequently drew faraway visitors; some patrol officers said that vehicles with Louisiana license plates frequently appeared at Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_criminal_activity">History of criminal activity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History of criminal activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House3859TartanLane.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/House3859TartanLane.JPG/220px-House3859TartanLane.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/House3859TartanLane.JPG/330px-House3859TartanLane.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/House3859TartanLane.JPG/440px-House3859TartanLane.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>3859 Tartan Lane in <a href="/wiki/Braeswood_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Braeswood Place">Braeswood Place</a> was the site of the murder of Gloria Pastor in 1988, which led to the cleanup of Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbdrugnest-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Collins said that the drug trade appeared in early 1986, spreading from one complex to another within a space of several month. Collins said that, by 1987, his station's officers had visited the complexes on a daily basis.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988 the police forces made 200 drug-related arrests in Link Valley. Jeff Kunerth of the <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a></i> said "[w]ith the crime had come a <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a> lawlessness. The utility company stopped replacing street lights because the bulbs were constantly being shot out. Police responding to reports of gunshots, drug deals and dead bodies entered Death Valley with guns drawn."<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From January 1, 1988 until mid-December 1988, the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Houston Police Department</a> received 825 emergency calls, made hundreds of narcotic-related arrests. During the same period, six murders occurred in the complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 19, 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow88_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow88-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a group of robbers murdered 66-year-old Gloria Pastor in her <a href="/wiki/Braeswood_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Braeswood Place">Braeswood Place</a> house. Police traced the first suspect to an apartment in Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbdrugnest-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suspect, a 15-year-old boy, attempted to sell off some of Pastor's items so he could get money to buy <a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">crack cocaine</a>. Police arrested him in Pastor's van.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobborelse_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobborelse-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pastor murder lead to members of the Braeswood Place community and other nearby communities into putting pressure on the city government, asking for a cleanup of the Link Valley area.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbdrugnest-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of civic clubs traced the owners of the apartments and demanded that they begin expelling the drug trade, or else they would face lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobborelse_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobborelse-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents of some neighborhoods north of the South Loop discussed proposals to raise money to buy and tear down apartment complexes.<sup id="cite_ref-Cullick_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cullick-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raid_on_Link_Valley">Raid on Link Valley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Raid on Link Valley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sergeant J. W. Collins decided that denying the drug dealers usage of abandoned buildings, which were violating city codes and were not safe for human occupancy, would cause the criminal element to leave, so he proposed having them demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally the City of Houston municipal government agencies did not support his proposal. After the Pastor murder occurred, pressure was placed on the municipal government. The Stella Link Redevelopment Association, a group intending to improve communities across Stella Link Road, had formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanton_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The head of the newly established group, formed by the heads of local civil associations, asked the police officers for help. The police and the neighborhood groups decided to form a partnership. The police department decided that it needed to scare away the customers and to remove the physical deterioration that housed the drug dealers.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow88_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow88-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Braeswood_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Braeswood Place">Braeswood Place</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knollwood_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Knollwood Village">Knollwood Village</a>, Linkwood, Townhouse Manor, Westridge, <a href="/wiki/Westwood_(subdivision),_Houston" title="Westwood (subdivision), Houston">Westwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willow_Meadows" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow Meadows">Willow Meadows</a>, Woodshire and Woodside civic clubs all promoted the crackdown. <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Ellis" title="Rodney Ellis">Rodney Ellis</a> of City Council District D, which represented Link Valley; and Vince Ryan of City Council District C, which represented the subdivisions supporting the crackdown, partnered with the subdivisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbsealoff_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbsealoff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1989 the police announced that they would be conducting a major sweep of the Link Valley complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrowetal25_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrowetal25-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police did not intend to arrest people, but instead they intended to clear Link Valley of criminal elements so the community could be restored.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 27, 1989, police officers enacted a thirty-day plan to clean the neighborhood. On the 27th police placed checkpoints and roadblocks, cordoning off Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One hundred police officers entered the complex to find that, due to the publicity of the upcoming raid, the drug dealers and other criminals had already fled with their weapons and drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrowetal25_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrowetal25-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid announcement had evicted drug addicts, drug dealers, vagrants, and vandals. Police discovered cellophane packages that were used to hold crack cocaine. On January 28 of that year, 400 volunteers from surrounding subdivisions picked up trash and cut down weeds that had grown waist-high.<sup id="cite_ref-Kunerth_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trash included glass tubes, used syringes, and other drug paraphernalia. A trained crew wearing rubber clovers used eighteen dumpsters and two front loaders to clear the debris.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The citizens cleared 250 cubic yards (190 m<sup>3</sup>) of trash, enough to fill ten semi-trailer sized garbage dumpsters.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrow90_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrow90-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police cordon, then staffed with fewer officers, remained for the duration of the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrowetal26-27_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrowetal26-27-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cordon ended on March 1, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis5_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police department had spent $90,000 ($220,000 when adjusted for inflation), most of it being overtime pay, on the crackdown on Link Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath_of_raid_and_end_of_widespread_crime">Aftermath of raid and end of widespread crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath of raid and end of widespread crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest distribution point of cocaine in the Houston area had been eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-Liebrum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liebrum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police calls in Link Valley had decreased by 44%. In all of the surrounding neighborhoods, calls for "Part I" crimes, such as arson, assault, automobile theft, burglary, larceny, and murder had decreased. In some communities reports decreased by 12%. Collins believed that, with Link Valley gone, the former customers did not end their drug purchases and instead began buying bulk packages of powdered cocaine from lower profile dealers or began using crack cocaine instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Sparrowetal28_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sparrowetal28-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January–May 1988 police had recorded 349 calls to the Link Valley area, while in January–May 1989 they recorded 194 calls, a decrease by 44%.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collins, the head of the Beechnut Police Station's Tactical Response Team, stated that according to an HPD study of the crime statistics comparing those of January to May 1989 to January to May 1988, after the Link Valley complexes closed, Class 1 and Class 2 crime decreased in Westridge.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linkwood,_Houston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linkwood, Houston (page does not exist)">Linkwood</a> Class 1 crime did not change, and Class 2 crime declined by 23%. In <a href="/wiki/Westwood_(subdivision),_Houston" title="Westwood (subdivision), Houston">Westwood</a>, Class 1 crime decreased by 3 percent and Class 2 crime decreased by 23%.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the report, there were decreases of both Class 1 crime and Class 2 crime in neighborhoods surrounding Link Valley. Class 2 crime increased in Woodshire while Class 1 crime decreased; the Woodshire statistic included statistics from Link Valley itself; Collins stated that his sole explanation on why Class 2 crime figures increased was because they occurred as police officers conducted surveillance at Link Valley. In the six-month period in the Woodshire area, Class 1 crimes decreased by 11% and Class 2 crimes increased by 34%.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991 Dean E. Murphy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> said that "much of the area is still run down, but residents and police remain upbeat; they believe their partnership is working."<sup id="cite_ref-Murphy_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that year Don Graff, the co-chairperson of the association, said that rampant drug crime had not occurred in the community since the cleanup.<sup id="cite_ref-Liebrum_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liebrum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2004 the nickname "Death Valley" was no longer used.<sup id="cite_ref-Now_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Now-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Harris_Health_System" title="Harris Health System">Harris Health System</a> (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a> Health Center in southeast Houston for ZIP code 77025. The nearest public hospital is <a href="/wiki/Ben_Taub_General_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Taub General Hospital">Ben Taub General Hospital</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG/220px-EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG/330px-EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG/440px-EmeryWeinerSchoolHouston.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emery/Weiner_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery/Weiner School">Emery/Weiner School</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Residents are zoned to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston Independent School District</a>. </p><p>Link Valley is zoned to Shearn Elementary School,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Middle_School_(Houston)" title="Pershing Middle School (Houston)">Pershing Middle School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Madison_High_School_(Houston)" title="Madison High School (Houston)">Madison High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any student zoned to Pershing may apply to <a href="/wiki/Pin_Oak_Middle_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin Oak Middle School">Pin Oak Middle School</a>'s (of the city of <a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Texas" title="Bellaire, Texas">Bellaire</a>) regular program.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The community houses the <a href="/wiki/Emery/Weiner_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Emery/Weiner School">Emery/Weiner School</a>, a Jewish secondary school. The school had replaced several apartments known for criminal activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanton_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Park,_Houston" title="Forum Park, Houston">Forum Park, Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfton,_Houston" title="Gulfton, Houston">Gulfton, Houston</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kunerth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kunerth_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kunerth, Jeff. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131155554/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosentinel/access/89603057.html?dids=89603057:89603057&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+05,+1989&author=Jeff+Kunerth,+Sentinel+Atlanta+Bureau&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=HOUSTON+CLEANS+UP+DRUG+AREA+FORMER+CITY+'HOT+SPOT'+TODAY'S+DEATH+VALLEY&pqatl=google">HOUSTON CLEANS UP DRUG AREA FORMER CITY 'HOT SPOT' TODAY'S DEATH VALLEY</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a></i>. February 5, 1989. A1. Retrieved on January 7, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96995174/for-link-valley-houston/">Clipping of first</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96995274/for-link-valley-houston/">of second page</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow87-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow87_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K. <i>Imposing Duties: Government's Changing Approach to Compliance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGD5R7yUIFAC&dq=Link+Valley+had+not%2C+of+course&pg=PA87">87</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5">0-275-94781-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1">978-0-275-94781-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cullick-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cullick_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cullick_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cullick_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullick, Robert. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_578566">Was Death Valley inevitable?</a>"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Saturday October 22, 1988. page B13. Retrieved on January 7, 2012. Available on <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, record# 10*22*578566. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonlibrary.org/newspapers">Accessible from the </a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website, with a library card number and password.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis5_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Curtis, Gregory. "Behind the Lines." <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Monthly" title="Texas Monthly">Texas Monthly</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Emmis_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmis Communications">Emmis Communications</a>, Vol. 17, No. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TC4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Link+Valley%22&pg=PA5">5</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. ISSN 0148-7736.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liebrum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liebrum_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liebrum_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liebrum_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liebrum, Jennifer. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1991_757826/former-death-valley-area-on-its-way-back.html">Former `Death Valley' area on its way back</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Friday January 18, 1991. p. A22. Retrieved on January 7, 2012. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, record# 01*18*757826. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houstonlibrary.org/newspapers">Accessible from the</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card number and password.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BivinsReturns-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BivinsReturns_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BivinsReturns_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bivins, Ralph. "Will Death Valley return to life?" <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Monday September 27, 1993. Business 1. Retrieved on January 7, 2011. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, record # 09*27*1155983, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstonlibrary.org/newspapers">Accessible from the</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card number and password.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Now-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Now_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Now_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarnoff, Nancy. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/business/article/Stubborn-South-Loop-area-primed-to-develop-1482813.php">Stubborn South Loop area primed to develop</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Sunday December 5, 2004. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanton-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanton_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanton_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanton_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanton_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanton, Robert. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/article/Death-Valley-coming-back-to-life-2051932.php">'Death Valley' coming back to life</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Thursday July 19, 2001. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheap-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cheap_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cheap_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_577362">Life is cheap in city's `Death Valley'</a>."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Sunday October 16, 1988. p. A1. Retrieved on January 7, 2011. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, record# 10*16*577362, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://houstonlibrary.org/newspapers">Accessible from the</a> <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card number and password.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy, Dean E. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2tQ9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=l4YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,778111&dq=link-valley+apartments&hl=en">When Cops Go Back on the Beat Houston has pioneered community-based policing, a practice now urged for Los Angeles. While some see benefits, many officers are skeptical. And crime there keeps rising. Series: FIRST OF TWO PARTS. Next: The obstacles to community policing in Los Angeles.</a>." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-27-mn-1690-story.html">Alternate link</a>) <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Bend)" title="The Bulletin (Bend)">The Bulletin</a></i>. September 15, 1991. B-3 (originally in the LA Times Part A Metro Desk on August 17, 1991). Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a> (8 of 45) on January 5, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow86-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow86_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K. <i>Imposing Duties: Government's Changing Approach to Compliance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGD5R7yUIFAC&dq=Link+Valley+had+not%2C+of+course&pg=PA87">86</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5">0-275-94781-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1">978-0-275-94781-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houstontx.gov/council/maps2012/k-new.pdf">City of Houston, Council District Maps, District K</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121224083501/http://www.houstontx.gov/council/maps2012/k-new.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." City of Houston. Retrieved on November 5, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030403233706/http://www.ci.houston.tx.us/citygovt/council/maps/c.htm">City of Houston Council District "C"</a>." City of Houston. April 3, 2003. Retrieved on November 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobbsealoff-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbsealoff_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbsealoff_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Kim. "HPD to seal off drug-infested area." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Tuesday January 24, 1989. p. A2. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, Record Number: 01*24*598651. Available from the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card. "The area is in Councilman Rodney Ellis' District D, while the complaining civic clubs are in the adjoining District C represented by Vince Ryan. The two have worked with the civic clubs for several months to prepare for this effort. " and "The civic clubs pushing the crackdown are Braeswood Place, Knollwood Village, Linkwood , Townhouse Manor, Westridge, Westwood, Willow Meadows, Woodshire and Woodside. The police task force is working out of the Beechnut Substation."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970211154806/http://www.ci.houston.tx.us/citygovt/council/map3.gif">map3.gif</a>." City of Houston. February 11, 1997. Retrieved on January 8, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobbdrugnest-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbdrugnest_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Kim. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_577268">Zeroing in on `Death Valley`/Shocked neighbors turning up heat on drug nest</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120728232838/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_577268">Archive</a>). <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Sunday October 16, 1988. C1. Retrieved on January 7, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrowetal4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrowetal4_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K., Mark H. Moore, and David M. Kennedy. <i>Beyond 911: A New Era For Policing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, June 23, 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LsbPebNrW5kC&dq=%22Once+a+pleasant+apartment+development,+Link+Valley%22&pg=PA4">4</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0">0-465-00676-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2">978-0-465-00676-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow88-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow88_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow88_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K. <i>Imposing Duties: Government's Changing Approach to Compliance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGD5R7yUIFAC&dq=%22Link+Valley+had+not+been+galvanized%22&pg=PA88">88</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5">0-275-94781-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1">978-0-275-94781-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobborelse-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cobborelse_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobborelse_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Kim. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1988_590934">`Death Valley' apartment owners told to help fight drugs or face suits</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Friday December 16, 1988. A43. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrowetal25-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrowetal25_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sparrowetal25_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K., Mark H. Moore, and David M. Kennedy. <i>Beyond 911: A New Era For Policing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, June 23, 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LsbPebNrW5kC&dq=%22was+garnering+a+great+deal+of+media+attention%22&pg=PA25">25</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0">0-465-00676-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2">978-0-465-00676-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillkirk, John and Gary Jacobson. <i>Grit, Guts, and Genius: True Tales of Megasuccess : Who Made Them Happen And How They Did It</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YSoPAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Link+Valley%22">121</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-56189-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-56189-2">0-395-56189-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-56189-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-56189-8">978-0-395-56189-8</a>. "The goal was not so much to make arrests of drug dealers as to give Link Valley a fresh start and a chance for economic redevelopment."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrow90-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrow90_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K. <i>Imposing Duties: Government's Changing Approach to Compliance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BGD5R7yUIFAC&dq=%22the+coalition+crew+had+emptied+250%22&pg=PA90">90</a>. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-94781-5">0-275-94781-5</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94781-1">978-0-275-94781-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrowetal26-27-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrowetal26-27_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K., Mark H. Moore, and David M. Kennedy. <i>Beyond 911: A New Era For Policing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, June 23, 1992. 26-27. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0">0-465-00676-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2">978-0-465-00676-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobb, Kim. "HPD reports less crime near Link Valley." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Friday July 1, 1989. p. A32. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, Record Number: 07*21*638242. Article available from the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sparrowetal28-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sparrowetal28_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sparrow, Malcolm K., Mark H. Moore, and David M. Kennedy. <i>Beyond 911: A New Era For Policing</i>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, June 23, 1992. 28. Retrieved from <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> on January 8, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-00676-0">0-465-00676-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-00676-2">978-0-465-00676-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011119141023/http://www.tmc.edu/hchd/LOCATE.HTM">"Clinic/Emergency/Registration Center Directory By ZIP Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harris_County_Hospital_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris County Hospital District">Harris County Hospital District</a>. 2001-11-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tmc.edu/hchd/LOCATE.HTM">the original</a> on 2001-11-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clinic%2FEmergency%2FRegistration+Center+Directory+By+ZIP+Code&rft.pub=Harris+County+Hospital+District&rft.date=2001-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmc.edu%2Fhchd%2FLOCATE.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALink+Valley%2C+Houston" class="Z3988"></span> - See ZIP code 77025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harrishealth.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/community-assessment/pregnancy-birth-data/2012/infant-mortality-rate-2012.pdf">See this map for relevant ZIP code</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/schoolboundarymaps/ShearnES.pdf">Shearn Elementary Attendance Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216034524/http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/schoolboundarymaps/ShearnES.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-02-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston Independent School District</a>. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/schoolboundarymaps/PershingMS.pdf">Pershing Middle Attendance Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411010439/http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/SchoolBoundaryMaps/PershingMS.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston Independent School District</a>. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/schoolboundarymaps/MadisonHS.pdf">Madison High School Attendance Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930215943/http://dept.houstonisd.org/ab/schoolboundarymaps/MadisonHS.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston Independent School District</a>. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20020214054405/http://dist.houstonisd.org/southwest/schools/pin_oak/letter5.htm">Pin Oak Middle School</a>." () <i>The Southwest District</i>. <i>Houston Independent School District</i>. Retrieved on December 7, 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crimes such as aggravated assault, burger, manslaughter, murder, rape, and robbery were classified as Class 1 offenses. Crimes such as assault, embezzlement, forgery, gambling, and narcotics were classified as Class 2 offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-Cobbreportsless_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cobbreportsless-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link_Valley,_Houston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rodriguez, Lori. "`Death Valley' move elicits relief, sadness." <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Wednesday, January 25, 1989. p. A18. Available from <a href="/wiki/NewsBank" title="NewsBank">NewsBank</a>, Record Number: 01*25*599165. Available from the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Public_Library" title="Houston Public Library">Houston Public Library</a> website with a library card.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Flag_of_Houston_City_of_Houston" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Houston" title="Template:Houston"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Houston" title="Template talk:Houston"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Houston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Houston"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Flag_of_Houston_City_of_Houston" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Houston,_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Houston"><img alt="Flag of Houston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/25px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/38px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/50px-Flag_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span> City of <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Houston" title="Nicknames of Houston">Nickname</a>: <i>Space City</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Houston" title="Architecture of Houston">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Houston" title="Climate of Houston">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Houston" title="Culture of Houston">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Houston" title="Demographics of Houston">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Houston" title="Economy of Houston">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Houston" title="Geography of Houston">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Houston" title="History of Houston">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Houston" title="Timeline of Houston">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston#Media" title="Houston">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Houston" title="List of newspapers in Houston">newspapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Houston" title="Transportation in Houston">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_cities_of_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities of Houston">Sister cities</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Houston,_Texas.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Houston"><img alt="Seal of Houston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/80px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/120px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg/160px-Seal_of_Houston%2C_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_Matsuri" title="Anime Matsuri">Anime Matsuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Art_Car_Parade" title="Houston Art Car Parade">Art Car Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroworld_Festival" title="Astroworld Festival">Astroworld Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayou_Place" title="Bayou Place">Bayou Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou_Park" title="Buffalo Bayou Park">Buffalo Bayou Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicpalooza" title="Comicpalooza">Comicpalooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Green" title="Discovery Green">Discovery Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Aquarium,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Aquarium, Houston">Downtown Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Galleria_(Houston)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Galleria (Houston)">The Galleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Park" title="Hermann Park">Hermann Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Livestock_Show_and_Rodeo" title="Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo">Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Zoo" title="Houston Zoo">Houston Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemah_Boardwalk" title="Kemah Boardwalk">Kemah Boardwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_and_Joe_Jamail_Skatepark" title="Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark">Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Park,_Houston" title="Memorial Park, Houston">Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Show" title="The Orange Show">The Orange Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Battleground_State_Historic_Site" title="San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site">San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Center_Houston" title="Space Center Houston">Space Center Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Hurricane_Harbor_SplashTown" title="Six Flags Hurricane Harbor SplashTown">Splashtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Theater_District" title="Houston Theater District">Theater District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_D._Hines_Waterwall_Park" title="Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park">Waterwall Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Houston" title="Uptown Houston">Uptown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenway_Plaza" title="Greenway Plaza">Greenway Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Energy_Corridor" title="Houston Energy Corridor">Energy Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchase,_Houston" title="Westchase, Houston">Westchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_City,_Houston" title="Memorial City, Houston">Memorial City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenspoint,_Houston" title="Greenspoint, Houston">Greenspoint</a></li></ul> <p><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Houston" title="List of companies in Houston">List of companies in Houston</a></i> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acres_Homes,_Houston" title="Acres Homes, Houston">Acres Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addicks,_Houston" title="Addicks, Houston">Addicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alief,_Houston" title="Alief, Houston">Alief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeda,_Houston" title="Almeda, Houston">Almeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordersville,_Houston" title="Bordersville, Houston">Bordersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Oaks,_Houston" title="Boulevard Oaks, Houston">Boulevard Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn,_Houston" title="Braeburn, Houston">Braeburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeswood_Place,_Houston" title="Braeswood Place, Houston">Braeswood Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brays_Oaks,_Houston" title="Brays Oaks, Houston">Brays Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briargrove,_Houston" title="Briargrove, Houston">Briargrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge,_Houston" title="Blue Ridge, Houston">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Houston" title="Chinatown, Houston">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake_City_(Greater_Houston)" title="Clear Lake City (Greater Houston)">Clear Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Harbor,_Houston" title="Denver Harbor, Houston">Denver Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Downtown_Houston" title="East Downtown Houston">East Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_End,_Houston" title="East End, Houston">East End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Houston,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="East Houston, Houston">East Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Houston" title="Fairbanks, Houston">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Corners_District" title="Five Corners District">Five Corners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_Park,_Houston" title="Forum Park, Houston">Forum Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa,_Houston" title="Genoa, Houston">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenbrook_Valley,_Houston" title="Glenbrook Valley, Houston">Glenbrook Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfton,_Houston" title="Gulfton, Houston">Gulfton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Houston" title="Harrisburg, Houston">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Clarke,_Houston" title="Hiram Clarke, Houston">Hiram Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Heights" title="Houston Heights">Houston Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Heights,_Houston" title="Independence Heights, Houston">Independence Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inwood_Forest,_Houston" title="Inwood Forest, Houston">Inwood Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingwood,_Houston" title="Kingwood, Houston">Kingwood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Link Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Westheimer,_Houston" title="Lower Westheimer, Houston">Lower Westheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Park,_Houston" title="Magnolia Park, Houston">Magnolia Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_District,_Houston" title="Mahatma Gandhi District, Houston">Mahatma Gandhi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_Houston" title="Maplewood, Houston">Maplewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial,_Houston" title="Memorial, Houston">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyerland,_Houston" title="Meyerland, Houston">Meyerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown,_Houston" title="Midtown, Houston">Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_District,_Houston" title="Montrose District, Houston">Montrose District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Museum_District" title="Houston Museum District">Museum District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neartown_Houston" title="Neartown Houston">Neartown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Northwest,_Texas" title="Near Northwest, Texas">Near Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore,_Houston" title="North Shore, Houston">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northside,_Houston" title="Northside, Houston">Northside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Forest,_Houston" title="Oak Forest, Houston">Oak Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Oaks,_Houston" title="River Oaks, Houston">River Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Terrace,_Houston" title="Riverside Terrace, Houston">Riverside Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Management_District" title="Southwest Management District">Southwest Management District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Park,_Houston" title="South Park, Houston">South Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Branch,_Houston" title="Spring Branch, Houston">Spring Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Houston" title="Sunnyside, Houston">Sunnyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kirby" title="Upper Kirby">Upper Kirby</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wards_of_Houston" title="Wards of Houston">Historic wards</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Ward,_Houston" title="First Ward, Houston">First Ward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Second_Ward,_Houston" title="Second Ward, Houston">Second Ward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Third_Ward,_Houston" title="Third Ward, Houston">Third Ward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Ward,_Houston" title="Fourth Ward, Houston">Fourth Ward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Ward,_Houston" title="Fifth Ward, Houston">Fifth Ward</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Ward,_Houston" title="Sixth Ward, Houston">Sixth Ward</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Houston" title="Education in Houston">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Health institutions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baylor_College_of_Medicine" title="Baylor College of Medicine">Baylor College of Medicine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_College_of_Medicine" title="University of Houston College of Medicine">UH College of Medicine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Health_Science_Center_at_Houston" title="University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston">UTHealth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center" title="MD Anderson Cancer Center">MD Anderson Cancer Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_Health_Science_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas A&M Health Science Center">Texas A&M Health Science Center</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>State universities</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Clear_Lake" title="University of Houston–Clear Lake">University of Houston–Clear Lake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston%E2%80%93Downtown" title="University of Houston–Downtown">University of Houston–Downtown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_University" title="Texas Southern University">Texas Southern University</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Private universities</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Christian_University" title="Houston Christian University">Houston Christian University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_(Texas)" title="University of St. Thomas (Texas)">University of St. Thomas</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Community colleges</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Community_College_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Community College System">Houston Community College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_College_System" title="Lone Star College System">Lone Star College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_College" title="San Jacinto College">San Jacinto College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lee_College" title="Lee College">Lee College</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/K-12" class="mw-redirect" title="K-12">K-12</a> school districts</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Houston_Independent_School_District" title="Houston Independent School District">Houston ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aldine_Independent_School_District" title="Aldine Independent School District">Aldine ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alief_Independent_School_District" title="Alief Independent School District">Alief ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_Branch_Independent_School_District" title="Spring Branch Independent School District">Spring Branch ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clear_Creek_Independent_School_District" title="Clear Creek Independent School District">Clear Creek ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cypress-Fairbanks_Independent_School_District" title="Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District">Cy-Fair ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_Independent_School_District" title="Fort Bend Independent School District">Fort Bend ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galena_Park_Independent_School_District" title="Galena Park Independent School District">Galena Park ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Humble_Independent_School_District" title="Humble Independent School District">Humble ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katy_Independent_School_District" title="Katy Independent School District">Katy ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pasadena_Independent_School_District" title="Pasadena Independent School District">Pasadena ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spring_Independent_School_District" title="Spring Independent School District">Spring ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huffman_Independent_School_District" title="Huffman Independent School District">Huffman ISD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_Caney_Independent_School_District" title="New Caney Independent School District">New Caney ISD</a></dd></dl> <p><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Houston" title="List of colleges and universities in Houston">List of colleges and universities in Houston</a></i> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_City_Council" title="Houston City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Fire_Department" title="Houston Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Houston" title="List of mayors of Houston">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Police_Department" title="Houston Police Department">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Houston" title="Politics of Houston">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Houston_neighborhoods" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Houston neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afton_Oaks,_Houston" title="Afton Oaks, Houston">Afton Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Houston" title="Brentwood, Houston">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briargrove_Park,_Houston" title="Briargrove Park, Houston">Briargrove Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarhills,_Houston" title="Briarhills, Houston">Briarhills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadacres,_Houston" title="Broadacres, Houston">Broadacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Park,_Houston" title="City Park, Houston">City Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Park,_Houston" title="Clinton Park, Houston">Clinton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverland,_Houston" title="Cloverland, Houston">Cloverland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_Pointe,_Houston" title="Corinthian Pointe, Houston">Corinthian Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_Grove,_Houston" title="Cottage Grove, Houston">Cottage Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crestwood/Glen_Cove,_Houston" title="Crestwood/Glen Cove, Houston">Crestwood/Glen Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood,_Houston" title="Eastwood, Houston">Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Oaks,_Houston" title="Garden Oaks, Houston">Garden Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenshire,_Houston" title="Glenshire, Houston">Glenshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Village,_Houston" title="Highland Village, Houston">Highland Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Gardens,_Houston" title="Houston Gardens, Houston">Houston Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idylwood,_Houston" title="Idylwood, Houston">Idylwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmere_Gardens,_Houston" title="Kashmere Gardens, Houston">Kashmere Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knollwood_Village,_Houston" title="Knollwood Village, Houston">Knollwood Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_Parkway,_Houston" title="Lakes of Parkway, Houston">Lakes of Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larchmont,_Houston" title="Larchmont, Houston">Larchmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Grove,_Houston" title="Magnolia Grove, Houston">Magnolia Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Houston" title="Montrose, Houston">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Place,_Houston" title="Morningside Place, Houston">Morningside Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Northside,_Houston" title="Near Northside, Houston">Near North Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Forest,_Houston" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham Forest, Houston">Nottingham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Braeswood,_Houston" title="Old Braeswood, Houston">Old Braeswood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Villages,_Houston" title="Parkway Villages, Houston">Parkway Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_Park,_Houston" title="Pecan Park, Houston">Pecan Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Houston" title="Port Houston">Port Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Military,_Houston" title="Rice Military, Houston">Rice Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Strip" title="Richmond Strip">Richmond Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robindell,_Houston" title="Robindell, Houston">Robindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oaks_Country_Club" title="Royal Oaks Country Club">Royal Oaks Country Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagemont,_Houston" title="Sagemont, Houston">Sagemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_Woods,_Houston" title="Scenic Woods, Houston">Scenic Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settegast,_Houston" title="Settegast, Houston">Settegast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadyside,_Houston" title="Shadyside, Houston">Shadyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpstown,_Houston" title="Sharpstown, Houston">Sharpstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah,_Houston" title="Shenandoah, Houston">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Green,_Houston" title="Somerset Green, Houston">Somerset Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton,_Houston" title="Southampton, Houston">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbelt/Ellington,_Houston" title="Southbelt/Ellington, Houston">Southbelt/Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcrest,_Houston" title="Southcrest, Houston">Southcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Houston" title="Southgate, Houston">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stablewood,_Houston" title="Stablewood, Houston">Stablewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George_Place,_Houston" title="St. George Place, Houston">St. George Place</a> (Lamar Terrace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Heights,_Houston" title="Sunset Heights, Houston">Sunset Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Terrace/Montclair,_Houston" title="Sunset Terrace/Montclair, Houston">Sunset Terrace/Montclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood,_Houston" title="Tanglewood, Houston">Tanglewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Oaks,_Houston" title="University Oaks, Houston">University Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_at_Glen_Iris,_Houston" title="Village at Glen Iris, Houston">Village at Glen Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Bend,_Houston" title="Walnut Bend, Houston">Walnut Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westbury,_Houston" title="Westbury, Houston">Westbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End_(Houston)" title="West End (Houston)">West End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oaks,_Houston" title="West Oaks, Houston">West Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_(subdivision),_Houston" title="Westwood (subdivision), Houston">Westwood</a> (subdivision)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland,_Houston" title="Westmoreland, Houston">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Meadows,_Houston" title="Willow Meadows, Houston">Willow Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowbend,_Houston" title="Willowbend, Houston">Willowbend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Village,_Houston" title="Windsor Village, Houston">Windsor Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Heights,_Houston" title="Woodland Heights, Houston">Woodland Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Cougars" title="Houston Cougars">Houston Cougars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Dash" title="Houston Dash">Houston Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Dynamo_FC" title="Houston Dynamo FC">Houston Dynamo FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Roughnecks_(2024)" title="Houston Roughnecks (2024)">Houston Roughnecks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_SaberCats" title="Houston SaberCats">Houston SaberCats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Christian_Huskies" title="Houston Christian Huskies">Houston Christian Huskies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Owls" title="Rice Owls">Rice Owls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Southern_Tigers" title="Texas Southern Tigers">Texas Southern Tigers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Houston" title="Category:Houston">Category</a> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, 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