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<span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Course" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Course</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Course-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drainage_basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drainage_basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Drainage basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drainage_basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discharge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discharge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Discharge</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discharge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discharge subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discharge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Niger_River_at_Lokoja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger_River_at_Lokoja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Niger River at Lokoja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger_River_at_Lokoja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tributaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Management and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_law_and_the_Niger_River" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_law_and_the_Niger_River"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>International law and the Niger River</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_law_and_the_Niger_River-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Niger River</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">145 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerrivier" title="Nigerrivier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nigerrivier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(Fluss)" title="Niger (Fluss) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niger (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8C%84%E1%88%AD_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9D" title="ኒጄር ወንዝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒጄር ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_seo_Ea" title="Niger seo Ea – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niger seo Ea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="نهر النيجر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر النيجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_N%C3%ADcher" title="Río Nícher – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Nícher" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="নাইজাৰ নদী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাইজাৰ নদী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_N%C3%ADxer" title="Ríu Níxer – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Níxer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysyry_N%C3%ADher" title="Ysyry Níher – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ysyry Níher" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1" title="Niger çayı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niger çayı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%B1_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نیجر چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیجر چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeliba" title="Jeliba – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jeliba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="নাইজার নদী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইজার নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_H%C3%B4" title="Niger Hô – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niger Hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (йылға) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нигер (йылға)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нігер (рака) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нігер (рака)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нігер (рака) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нігер (рака)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नाइजर नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नाइजर नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (река) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нигер (река)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(Fluss)" title="Niger (Fluss) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Niger (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rijeka)" title="Niger (rijeka) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niger (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(st%C3%AAr)" title="Niger (stêr) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niger (stêr)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Нигер мүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нигер мүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_N%C3%ADger" title="Riu Níger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riu Níger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Нигер (юханшыв) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нигер (юханшыв)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(suba)" title="Niger (suba) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Niger (suba)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(%C5%99eka)" title="Niger (řeka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Niger (řeka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtsinje_wa_Niger" title="Mtsinje wa Niger – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mtsinje wa Niger" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Niger" title="Afon Niger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Niger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(flod)" title="Niger (flod) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Niger (flod)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="لواد د النيجر – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لواد د النيجر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(Fluss)" title="Niger (Fluss) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niger (Fluss)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(r%C4%9Bka)" title="Niger (rěka) – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Niger (rěka)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeri_j%C3%B5gi" title="Nigeri jõgi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nigeri jõgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Νίγηρας (ποταμός) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νίγηρας (ποταμός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_N%C3%ADger" title="Río Níger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Níger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C4%9Dero_(rivero)" title="Niĝero (rivero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Niĝero (rivero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(ibaia)" title="Niger (ibaia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Niger (ibaia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="رودخانه نیجر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رودخانه نیجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_Naddi" title="Niger Naddi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Niger Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger%C3%A1" title="Nigerá – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nigerá" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(fleuve)" title="Niger (fleuve) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niger (fleuve)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rivier)" title="Niger (rivier) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Niger (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maayo_Jaaliba" title="Maayo Jaaliba – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Maayo Jaaliba" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_N%C3%ADgir_(abhainn)" title="An Nígir (abhainn) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Nígir (abhainn)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_N%C3%ADxer" title="Río Níxer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Níxer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80%EA%B0%95" title="나이저강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이저강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neja_(kogi)" title="Neja (kogi) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Neja (kogi)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF)" title="Նիգեր (գետ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիգեր (գետ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नाइजर नदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाइजर नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(r%C4%9Bka)" title="Niger (rěka) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Niger (rěka)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rijeka)" title="Niger (rijeka) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Niger (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Nijer" title="Fluvio Nijer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fluvio Nijer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshimiri_Orimiri" title="Oshimiri Orimiri – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oshimiri Orimiri" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayan_Niger" title="Karayan Niger – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karayan Niger" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Niger" title="Sungai Niger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Niger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvio_Niger" title="Fluvio Niger – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fluvio Niger" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADgerflj%C3%B3t" title="Nígerfljót – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nígerfljót" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(fiume)" title="Niger (fiume) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niger (fiume)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%27%D7%A8_(%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8)" title="ניז'ר (נהר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניז'ר (נהר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Niger" title="Kali Niger – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Niger" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niz%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9_P%C9%94%C9%94" title="Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nizɛɛrɩ Pɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94)" title="ნიგერი (მდინარე) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიგერი (მდინარე)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Нигер (өзен) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нигер (өзен)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(avon)" title="Niger (avon) – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niger (avon)" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(mto)" title="Niger (mto) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Niger (mto)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Нигер дарыясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нигер дарыясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B)" title="Нигер (йогы) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нигер (йогы)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(flumen)" title="Niger (flumen) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Niger (flumen)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%C4%93ra_(upe)" title="Nigēra (upe) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nigēra (upe)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(Floss)" title="Niger (Floss) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Niger (Floss)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeris_(up%C4%97)" title="Nigeris (upė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nigeris (upė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(reveer)" title="Niger (reveer) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Niger (reveer)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niz%C3%A9_(ebale)" title="Nizé (ebale) – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nizé (ebale)" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Nijer" title="Rio Nijer – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Nijer" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(fi%C3%BCm)" title="Niger (fiüm) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Niger (fiüm)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(foly%C3%B3)" title="Niger (folyó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Niger (folyó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (река) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нигер (река)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(ony)" title="Niger (ony) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Niger (ony)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="നൈജർ നദി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൈജർ നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="नायजर नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नायजर नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3)" title="ნიგერი (წყარმალუ) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიგერი (წყარმალუ)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="نهر النيجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر النيجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="نیجر (درکا) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیجر (درکا)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Niger" title="Sungai Niger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Niger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Нигер мөрөн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нигер мөрөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="နိုင်ဂျာမြစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ဂျာမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riva_Naija" title="Riva Naija – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Riva Naija" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rivier)" title="Niger (rivier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niger (rivier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="नाइजर खुसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नाइजर खुसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9D" title="ニジェール川 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニジェール川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8B%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8C%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%AC" title="ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8)" title="Нигер (хи) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нигер (хи)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niiger_Struum" title="Niiger Struum – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Niiger Struum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(elv)" title="Niger (elv) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Niger (elv)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerelva" title="Nigerelva – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nigerelva" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nig%C3%A8r_(fluvi)" title="Nigèr (fluvi) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nigèr (fluvi)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Нигер (эҥер) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нигер (эҥер)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(daryo)" title="Niger (daryo) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niger (daryo)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਨਾਈਜਰ ਦਰਿਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਈਜਰ ਦਰਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="دریائے نائجر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے نائجر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ACger_(fium)" title="Nìger (fium) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nìger (fium)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(Stroom)" title="Niger (Stroom) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Niger (Stroom)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rzeka)" title="Niger (rzeka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niger (rzeka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_N%C3%ADger" title="Rio Níger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Níger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(%C3%B6zen)" title="Niger (özen) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Niger (özen)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(fluviu)" title="Niger (fluviu) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Niger (fluviu)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqir_mayu" title="Niqir mayu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niqir mayu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D2%91%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Ніґер (ріка) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ніґер (ріка)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (река) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нигер (река)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D1%81)" title="Нигер (өрүс) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нигер (өрүс)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Niger" title="Lumi Niger – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Niger" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(ciumi)" title="Niger (ciumi) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Niger (ciumi)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Niger River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rieka)" title="Niger (rieka) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Niger (rieka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(reka)" title="Niger (reka) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Niger (reka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83iger_(rzyka)" title="Ńiger (rzyka) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ńiger (rzyka)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabiga_Nijer" title="Wabiga Nijer – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wabiga Nijer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1" title="ڕووباری نیجێر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووباری نیجێر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (река) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нигер (река)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(rijeka)" title="Niger (rijeka) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Niger (rijeka)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(joki)" title="Niger (joki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niger (joki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(flod)" title="Niger (flod) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niger (flod)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Niger" title="Ilog Niger – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Niger" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="நைஜர் ஆறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைஜர் ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_n_Nnijer" title="Asif n Nnijer – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Asif n Nnijer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger,_jume" title="Niger, jume – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Niger, jume" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0)" title="Нигер (елга) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нигер (елга)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่น้ำไนเจอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำไนเจอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijer_Nehri" title="Nijer Nehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nijer Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_der%C3%BDasy" title="Niger derýasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Niger derýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ghyui_Nija" title="A̱ghyui Nija – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ghyui Nija" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Нігер (річка) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нігер (річка)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="دریائے نائجر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے نائجر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiume_N%C3%ACzer" title="Fiume Nìzer – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fiume Nìzer" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_(jogi)" title="Niger (jogi) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Niger (jogi)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Niger" title="Sông Niger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sông Niger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Niger" title="Salog Niger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Niger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3" title="尼日爾河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼日爾河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="ניזשער טייך – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניזשער טייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Od%C3%B2_%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Odò Ọya – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Odò Ọya" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%B3" title="尼日河 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="尼日河" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeris_(op%C4%97)" title="Nigeris (opė) – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nigeris (opė)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="尼日尔河 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼日尔河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_ru" title="Niger ru – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Niger ru" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3542#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Niger River</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fleuve Niger</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Mandinka-language text"><i lang="mnk">Joliba</i></span> <span style="font-size:81%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninka</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Bambara-language text"><i lang="bm">Jeluba</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Fula-language text"><span lang="ff">Mayo Ɓalewo 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤮</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Tamasheq-language text"><span lang="taq">Egerew <span title="Tamasheq-language text"><span lang="taq">ⴻⴳⴻⵔⴻⵡ</span></span></span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Tamasheq_language" title="Tamasheq language">Tamasheq</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Zarma-language text"><i lang="dje">Issa Beri</i></span> <span style="font-size:81%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Hausa-language text"><i lang="ha">Kwara</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Ijo languages collective text"><i lang="ijo">Toru Beni</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ijo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ijo languages">Ijo languages</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Yoruba-language text"><i lang="yo">Ọya</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>)</span></span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size:76%;"><span title="Igbo-language text"><i lang="ig">Óshimiri/ Oshimili</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger,_Niamey,_Pont_Kennedy_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg/325px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg/488px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg/650px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2124" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, early 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="300" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_b2bc460957bfbdc192bf56ae062d9605120daa07"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Niger_River&revid=1275898143&groups=_b2bc460957bfbdc192bf56ae062d9605120daa07" width="270" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Niger_River&revid=1275898143&groups=_b2bc460957bfbdc192bf56ae062d9605120daa07 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Etymology</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown (possibly from <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> for River <i>Gher</i> or local Tuareg word <i>n-igereouen</i> meaning "big rivers")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tembakounda" title="Tembakounda">Tembakounda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Conakry" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea-Conakry">Guinea-Conakry</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Niger_River&params=09_05_50_N_10_40_58_W_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">09°05′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°40′58″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">9.09722°N 10.68278°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">9.09722; -10.68278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">850 m (2,790 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Gulf of Guinea, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Niger_River&params=5_19_20_N_6_28_9_E_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°19′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′9″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.32222°N 6.46917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.32222; 6.46917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">4,200 km (2,600 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">2,117,700 km<sup>2</sup> (817,600 sq mi) to 2,273,946 km<sup>2</sup> (877,975 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1.24 km (0.77 mi) to 1.73 km (1.07 mi) (<a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">37 m (121 ft) (<a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a><sup id="cite_ref-WWD_Continents_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWD_Continents-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prabhu_TL_2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prabhu_TL_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2010–2018)270.5 km<sup>3</sup>/a (8,570 m<sup>3</sup>/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>(Period: 1971–2000)7,922.3 m<sup>3</sup>/s (279,770 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> (6,925 m<sup>3</sup>/s (244,600 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Prabhu_TL_2021_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prabhu_TL_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 250 km<sup>3</sup>/a (1.9 cu mi/Ms)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1,200 m<sup>3</sup>/s (42,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">35,000 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,200,000 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 1971–2000)6,470.8 m<sup>3</sup>/s (228,510 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)6,696 m<sup>3</sup>/s (236,500 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Period: 1971–2000)5,754.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s (203,230 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,864 m<sup>3</sup>/s (65,800 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 500 m<sup>3</sup>/s (18,000 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-study_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)21,800 m<sup>3</sup>/s (770,000 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 27,600 m<sup>3</sup>/s (970,000 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-study_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-study-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (04/10/2022: 33,136 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,170,200 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)964 m<sup>3</sup>/s (34,000 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Period: 1971–2000)737.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s (26,050 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)60 m<sup>3</sup>/s (2,100 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,994 m<sup>3</sup>/s (70,400 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Period: 1971–2000)1,091.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s (38,550 cu ft/s)<sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Progression</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">River system</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_drainage_basins_by_area" title="List of drainage basins by area">Niger River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tinkisso_River" title="Tinkisso River">Tinkisso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_River" title="Sokoto River">Sokoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_River" title="Kaduna River">Kaduna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurara_Waterfalls" title="Gurara Waterfalls">Gurara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benue_River" title="Benue River">Benue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anambra_River" title="Anambra River">Anambra</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Niandan" title="Niandan">Niandan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milo_River" title="Milo River">Milo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankarani_River" title="Sankarani River">Sankarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bani_River" title="Bani River">Bani</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9li_River" title="Béli River">Gorouol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirba_River" title="Sirba River">Sirba</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9krou_River" title="Mékrou River">Mékrou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alibori_River" title="Alibori River">Alibori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sota_River" title="Sota River">Sota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oli_River" title="Oli River">Oli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orashi_River" title="Orashi River">Orashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escravos_River" title="Escravos River">Warri</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Niger River</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NY</span>-jər</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">(le) fleuve Niger</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[(lə)<span class="wrap"> </span>flœv<span class="wrap"> </span>niʒɛʁ]</a></span>) is the main river of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> is 2,117,700 km<sup>2</sup> (817,600 sq mi) in area.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its source is in the <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a> in south-eastern <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It runs in a crescent shape through <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> and then through <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, discharging through a massive <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo River</a>. Its main <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Benue_River" title="Benue River">Benue River</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger,_Boubon_(16),_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg/350px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg/525px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg/700px-Niger%2C_Boubon_%2816%29%2C_scene_at_the_river_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3410" data-file-height="1568" /></a><figcaption>Commercial activity along the river front at <a href="/wiki/Boubon" title="Boubon">Boubon</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Niger has different names in the different languages of the region: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a>: <i>Maayo Jaaliba</i> <span title="Fula-language text"><span lang="ff" dir="rtl">𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤦𞤢</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a>: <i>Jeliba</i> <span title="Mandingo-language text"><span lang="man" dir="rtl">ߖߋ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬</span></span> or <i>Joliba</i> <span title="Mandingo-language text"><span lang="man" dir="rtl">ߖߏ߬ߟߌߓߊ߬</span></span> "great river"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a>: <i>Eġərəw n-Igərǝwăn</i> <span title="Tamashek-language text"><span lang="tmh">ⴴⵔⵓ ⵏ ⴴⵔⵓⵏ</span></span> "river of rivers"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a>: <i>Isa</i> "the river"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a>: <i>Isa Beeri</i> "great river"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>: <i>Kwara</i> <span title="Hausa-language text"><span lang="ha" dir="rtl">كوَرَ</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_language" title="Nupe language">Nupe</a>: <i>Èdù</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>: <i>Ọya</i> "named after the Yoruba goddess <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Ọya">Ọya</a>, who is believed to embody the river"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>: <i>Orimiri</i> or <i>Orimili</i> "great water"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijaw_languages" title="Ijaw languages">Ijaw</a>: <i>Toru Beni</i> "the river water"</li></ul> <p>The earliest use of the name "Niger" for the river is by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus">Leo Africanus</a><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Africa_(Ramusio_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Description of Africa (Ramusio book)">Della descrittione dell’Africa et delle cose notabili che ivi sono</a></i>, published in Italian in 1550.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="A reference is needed for this information. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nevertheless, "Nigris" was already the name of a river in West Africa, as mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Solinus, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether this river was the same as the actual Niger, or rather the river also known as Ger (currently known as Oued Guir, in Morocco), is a matter of discussion. This Nigris was said to divide "Africa proper" from the land of the (Western) Ethiopians to the south, and its name (as well as that of the river Ger) might well come from the <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> phrase <i>gr-n-grwn</i> meaning "river of rivers", as the current Tuareg name for the river Niger.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> was the southern end of the principal <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_trade" title="Trans-Saharan trade">Trans-Saharan trade</a> route to the western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>, it was the source of most European knowledge of the region. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Medieval_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval European">Medieval European</a> maps applied the name <i>Niger</i> to the middle reaches of the river, in modern Mali, but <i>Quorra</i> (<i>Kworra</i>) to the lower reaches in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">modern Nigeria</a>, as these were not recognized at the time as being the same river.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/European_colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonial">European colonial</a> powers began to send ships along the west coast of Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Senegal_River" title="Senegal River">Senegal River</a> was often postulated to be the seaward end of the Niger. The Niger Delta, pouring into the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> through <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_forest" title="Mangrove forest">mangrove swamps</a> and thousands of <a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">distributaries</a> along more than 160 kilometres (100 mi), was thought to be coastal wetlands. It was only with the 18th-century visits of <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Park_(explorer)" title="Mungo Park (explorer)">Mungo Park</a>, who travelled down the Niger River and visited the great <a href="/wiki/Sahelian_kingdoms" title="Sahelian kingdoms">Sahelian empires</a> of his day, that Europeans correctly identified the course of the Niger and extended the name to its entire course. </p><p>The modern nations of Nigeria and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> take their names from the river, marking contesting national claims by colonial powers of the "upper", "lower" and "middle" Niger river basin during the <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> at the end of the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> Sahel region, the Niger River has a hot climate characterized by very high temperatures year-round; a long, intense dry season from October to May; and a brief, irregular rainy season linked to the West African monsoon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg/220px-Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg/330px-Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg/440px-Mali.A2001291.1045.250m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The great bend of the Niger River, seen from space, creates a green arc through the brown of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> and Savanna. The green mass on the left is the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Niger Delta</a>, and on the far left are tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Senegal_River" title="Senegal River">Senegal River</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg/220px-Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg/330px-Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg/440px-Niger_River_Center_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Mud houses on the center island at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Debo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Debo">Lake Debo</a>, a wide section of the Niger River</figcaption></figure> <p>The Niger River is a relatively clear river, carrying only a tenth as much sediment as the Nile because the Niger's headwaters lie in ancient rocks that provide little <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the Nile, the Niger floods yearly; this begins in September, peaks in November, and finishes by May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unusual feature of the river is the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Niger Delta</a>, which forms where its <a href="/wiki/Grade_(slope)" title="Grade (slope)">gradient</a> suddenly decreases.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result is a region of <a href="/wiki/Braided_river" title="Braided river">braided streams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a>, and large lakes; the seasonal floods make the Delta extremely productive for both fishing and agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191–192_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191–192-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg/220px-The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg/330px-The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg/440px-The_NIGER_RIVER_boy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1711" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>Boy bringing back his canoe on the Niger River (2022)</figcaption></figure> <p>The river loses nearly two-thirds of its <a href="/wiki/Potential_flow" title="Potential flow">potential flow</a> in the Inner Delta between <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Ségou</a> and Timbuktu to seepage and evaporation. The water from the <a href="/wiki/Bani_River" title="Bani River">Bani River</a>, which flows into the Delta at <a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a>, does not compensate for the losses. The average loss is estimated at 31 km<sup>3</sup>/year but varies considerably between years.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river is then joined by various <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributaries</a> but also loses more water to evaporation. The quantity of water entering Nigeria was estimated at 25 km<sup>3</sup>/year before the 1980s and at 13.5 km<sup>3</sup>/year during the 1980s. </p><p>The most important tributary is the Benue River which merges with the Niger at <a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a> in Nigeria. The total volume of tributaries in Nigeria is six times higher than the inflow into Nigeria, with a flow near the mouth of the river standing at 177.0 km<sup>3</sup>/year before the 1980s and 147.3 km<sup>3</sup>/year during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Course">Course</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger_river_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Niger_river_map.PNG/220px-Niger_river_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Niger_river_map.PNG/330px-Niger_river_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Niger_river_map.PNG/440px-Niger_river_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Niger, showing its <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</a> and "inland delta"</figcaption></figure> <p>The Niger takes one of the most unusual routes of any major river, a <a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerang</a> shape that baffled geographers for two centuries. Its source (<a href="/wiki/Tembakounda" title="Tembakounda">Tembakounda</a>) is 240 km (150 mi) inland from the Atlantic Ocean, but the river runs directly away from the sea into the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara Desert</a>, then takes a sharp right turn near the ancient city of Timbuktu and heads southeast to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a>. This strange geography apparently came about because the Niger River is two ancient rivers joined together. The upper Niger, from the source west of Timbuktu to the bend in the current river near <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>, once emptied into a now dry lake to the east northeast of Timbuktu, while the lower Niger started to the south of Timbuktu and flowed south into the Gulf of Guinea. Over time upstream erosion by the lower Niger resulted in <a href="/wiki/Stream_capture" title="Stream capture">stream capture</a> of the upper Niger by the lower Niger.<sup id="cite_ref-PG462_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PG462-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northern part of the river, known as the <i>Niger bend</i>, is an important area because it is the major river and source of water in that part of the Sahara. This made it the focal point of trade across the western Sahara and the centre of the Sahelian kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>. The surrounding Niger River Basin is one of the distinct physiographic sections of the Sudan province, which in turn is part of the larger African massive physiographic division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drainage_basin">Drainage basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Drainage basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Niger River basin, located in western <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, covers 7.5% of the <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> and spreads over ten countries. </p><p>Niger River basin: areas and rainfall by country<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th colspan="2">Area of the country <p>within the basin </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Average <p>rainfall </p><p>in the </p><p>basin </p><p>(mm) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>(%) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>193,449 </td> <td>8.5 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>46,384 </td> <td>2.0 </td> <td>1,055 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>76,621 </td> <td>3.4 </td> <td>655 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>89,249 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>1,330 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>20,339 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>975 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Ivoire">Côte d'Ivoire</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>23,770 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>1,466 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>96,880 </td> <td>4.3 </td> <td>1,635 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>578,850 </td> <td>25.5 </td> <td>440 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>564,211 </td> <td>24.8 </td> <td>280 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>584,193 </td> <td>25.7 </td> <td>1,185 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>For Niger basin</i> </td> <td><i>2,273,946</i> </td> <td><i>100.0</i> </td> <td><i>690</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hydrometric stations on the Niger River<sup id="cite_ref-GRDC_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRDC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Niger_River_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger_River-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Station </th> <th rowspan="2">River <p>kilometer </p><p>(rkm) </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Altitude <p>(m) </p> </th> <th rowspan="2">Basin size <p>(km<sup>2</sup>) </p> </th> <th colspan="3">Multiannual average discharge </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year <p>start </p> </th> <th>(m<sup>3</sup>/s) </th> <th>(km<sup>3</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2,273,946 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>7,922.3 </td> <td>250 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><b>Lower Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a> </td> <td>270 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>2,240,019 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>6,470.8 </td> <td>204 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a> </td> <td>480 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>2,204,500 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>5,754.7 </td> <td>182 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baro_(Nigeria)" title="Baro (Nigeria)">Baro</a> </td> <td>600 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>1,845,300 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>2,349.8 </td> <td>74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jebba" title="Jebba">Jebba</a> </td> <td>810 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>1,751,000 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>1,457.3 </td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kainji_Dam" title="Kainji Dam">Kainji Dam</a> </td> <td>900 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1,711,300 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>1,153.9 </td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><b>Middle Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_Nigeria" title="Gaya, Nigeria">Gaya</a> </td> <td>1,120 </td> <td>156 </td> <td>1,404,600 </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>1,086.7 </td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malanville" title="Malanville">Malanville</a> </td> <td>1,130 </td> <td>157 </td> <td>1,399,238 </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>1,086.7 </td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> </td> <td>1,420 </td> <td>176 </td> <td>791,121 </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>893.4 </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ansongo" title="Ansongo">Ansongo</a> </td> <td>1,770 </td> <td>241 </td> <td>647,527 </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>806.8 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> </td> <td>1,860 </td> <td>245 </td> <td>549,876 </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>875.6 </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> </td> <td>2,460 </td> <td>256 </td> <td>382,469 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>950.7 </td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Delta</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dir%C3%A9" title="Diré">Diré</a> </td> <td>2,540 </td> <td>257 </td> <td>372,588 </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>1,113 </td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a> </td> <td>2,900 </td> <td>261 </td> <td>308,186 </td> <td>1922 </td> <td>1,742.9 </td> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><b>Upper Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macina,_Mali" title="Macina, Mali">Ké Macina</a> </td> <td>3,050 </td> <td>271 </td> <td>143,361 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1,330 </td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Ségou</a> </td> <td>3,200 </td> <td>280 </td> <td>132,838 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1,344.5 </td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koulikoro" title="Koulikoro">Koulikoro</a> </td> <td>3,440 </td> <td>289 </td> <td>119,029 </td> <td>1907 </td> <td>1,351 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> </td> <td>3,500 </td> <td>316 </td> <td>114,800 </td> <td>1907 </td> <td>1,371.2 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siguiri" title="Siguiri">Siguiri</a> </td> <td>3,600 </td> <td>337 </td> <td>67,631 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>919 </td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kouroussa" title="Kouroussa">Kouroussa</a> </td> <td>3,800 </td> <td>357 </td> <td>18,900 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>232 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faranah" title="Faranah">Faranah</a> </td> <td>4,040 </td> <td>424 </td> <td>3,196 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>69.5 </td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg/220px-River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg/330px-River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg/440px-River_Niger_at_Bomadi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>River Niger at Bomadi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discharge">Discharge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discharge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Niger River at <a href="/wiki/Koulikoro" title="Koulikoro">Koulikoro</a> (Upper Niger), <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> (Middle Niger) and <a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a> (Lower Niger). Period from 2000/06/01 to 2024/05/31.<sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Essai_de_segmentation_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essai_de_segmentation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Water year </th> <th colspan="9">Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Koulikoro" title="Koulikoro">Koulikoro</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Min </th> <th>Mean </th> <th>Max </th> <th>Min </th> <th>Mean </th> <th>Max </th> <th>Min </th> <th>Mean </th> <th>Max </th></tr> <tr> <td>2000/01 </td> <td>149 </td> <td>1,150 </td> <td>3,860 </td> <td>70.6 </td> <td>942 </td> <td>1,810 </td> <td>2,112 </td> <td>8,504 </td> <td>32,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001/02 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>1,270 </td> <td>5,520 </td> <td>48.9 </td> <td>895 </td> <td>1,680 </td> <td>2,157 </td> <td>5,338 </td> <td>18,885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002/03 </td> <td>177 </td> <td>904 </td> <td>3,120 </td> <td>90.4 </td> <td>796 </td> <td>1,610 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>5,297 </td> <td>17,012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003/04 </td> <td>92.7 </td> <td>1,230 </td> <td>5,210 </td> <td>21.6 </td> <td>922 </td> <td>1,870 </td> <td>1,592 </td> <td>6,225 </td> <td>19,025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004/05 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>876 </td> <td>3,370 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>890 </td> <td>1,880 </td> <td>2,107 </td> <td>5,683 </td> <td>16,098 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005/06 </td> <td>121 </td> <td>1,060 </td> <td>3,400 </td> <td>73.9 </td> <td>856 </td> <td>1,660 </td> <td>1,801 </td> <td>4,849 </td> <td>13,792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006/07 </td> <td>143 </td> <td>1,111 </td> <td>3,631 </td> <td>47.4 </td> <td>855 </td> <td>1,710 </td> <td>1,781 </td> <td>5,291 </td> <td>19,389 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007/08 </td> <td>34.2 </td> <td>962 </td> <td>4,854 </td> <td>33.2 </td> <td>925 </td> <td>1,840 </td> <td>2,227 </td> <td>6,767 </td> <td>19,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008/09 </td> <td>135 </td> <td>1,443 </td> <td>4,837 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>945 </td> <td>1,830 </td> <td>1,535 </td> <td>6,161 </td> <td>20,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009/10 </td> <td>142 </td> <td>1,302 </td> <td>4,660 </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2"> </td> <td>2,101 </td> <td>7,637 </td> <td>20,534 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010/11 </td> <td>170 </td> <td>1,260 </td> <td>3,916 </td> <td>2,166 </td> <td>7,225 </td> <td>21,272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011/12 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>924 </td> <td>3,912 </td> <td> </td> <td>801 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,835 </td> <td>5,736 </td> <td>16,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012/13 </td> <td>149 </td> <td>1,146 </td> <td>4,562 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>1,115 </td> <td>2,492 </td> <td>1,731 </td> <td>8,612 </td> <td>31,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013/14 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>1,080 </td> <td>6,297 </td> <td> </td> <td>852 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,546 </td> <td>5,783 </td> <td>16,430 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014/15 </td> <td>104 </td> <td>863 </td> <td>3,695 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>752 </td> <td>1,542 </td> <td>1,570 </td> <td>6,352 </td> <td>19,664 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015/16 </td> <td>129 </td> <td>1,002 </td> <td>3,719 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>958 </td> <td>2,123 </td> <td>1,753 </td> <td>6,054 </td> <td>27,285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016/17 </td> <td>106 </td> <td>974 </td> <td>5,845 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,059 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,550 </td> <td>7,272 </td> <td>20,613 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017/18 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>677 </td> <td>2,338 </td> <td>107 </td> <td>801 </td> <td>1,791 </td> <td>2,058 </td> <td>6,781 </td> <td>21,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018/19 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>1,256 </td> <td>7,555 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,223 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,046 </td> <td>7,900 </td> <td>25,612 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019/20 </td> <td>174 </td> <td>933 </td> <td>4,158 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1,060 </td> <td>2,677 </td> <td>1,594 </td> <td>8,751 </td> <td>24,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020/21 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>999 </td> <td>5,023 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>1,418 </td> <td>3,398 </td> <td>2,131 </td> <td>7,570 </td> <td>28,082 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021/22 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>824 </td> <td>3,275 </td> <td>135 </td> <td>1,106 </td> <td>2,121 </td> <td>2,021 </td> <td>5,913 </td> <td>17,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022/23 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>891 </td> <td>3,851 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>1,074 </td> <td>1,869 </td> <td>1,997 </td> <td>8,288 </td> <td>33,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023/24 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>748 </td> <td>3,401 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>874 </td> <td>1,595 </td> <td>2,107 </td> <td>7,491 </td> <td>20,578 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Average discharge of the Niger River at <a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a> (period from 2010 to 2018):<sup id="cite_ref-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Year </th> <th colspan="3">Average discharge </th></tr> <tr> <th>(km<sup>3</sup>) </th> <th>(m<sup>3</sup>/s) </th> <th>(cfs) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>288.1 </td> <td>9,130 </td> <td>322,410 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>245.7 </td> <td>7,786 </td> <td>274,960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>320.3 </td> <td>10,150 </td> <td>358,440 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>224.4 </td> <td>7,111 </td> <td>251,120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>251.2 </td> <td>7,960 </td> <td>281,110 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>235.3 </td> <td>7,456 </td> <td>263,320 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>286.8 </td> <td>9,088 </td> <td>320,950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>270.9 </td> <td>8,585 </td> <td>303,160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>311.6 </td> <td>9,874 </td> <td>348,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>2010–2018</i> </td> <td><i>270.5</i> </td> <td><i><b>8,572</b></i> </td> <td><i>302,710</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger_River_at_Lokoja">Niger River at Lokoja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Niger River at Lokoja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niger River at <a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a> average, minimum and maximum discharge (1946 to 2023):<sup id="cite_ref-Liste_des_stations_avec_des_mesure_de_type_Debit_et_du_groupe_NIGERIA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liste_des_stations_avec_des_mesure_de_type_Debit_et_du_groupe_NIGERIA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Essai_de_segmentation_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essai_de_segmentation-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Water year </th> <th colspan="3">Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) </th> <th rowspan="2">Water year </th> <th colspan="3">Discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Min </th> <th><i>Mean</i> </th> <th>Max </th> <th>Min </th> <th><i>Mean</i> </th> <th>Max </th></tr> <tr> <td>1946/47 </td> <td>788 </td> <td><i>4,824</i> </td> <td>16,600 </td> <td>1985/86 </td> <td>1,110 </td> <td><i>4,601</i> </td> <td>15,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947/48 </td> <td>1,010 </td> <td><i>6,258</i> </td> <td>21,000 </td> <td>1986/87 </td> <td>1,210 </td> <td><i>4,027</i> </td> <td>11,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948/49 </td> <td>915 </td> <td><i>6,427</i> </td> <td>20,900 </td> <td>1987/88 </td> <td>1,390 </td> <td><i>3,849</i> </td> <td>11,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949/50 </td> <td>842 </td> <td><i>5,849</i> </td> <td>19,200 </td> <td>1988/89 </td> <td>1,070 </td> <td><i>4,615</i> </td> <td>15,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950/51 </td> <td>935 </td> <td><i>4,755</i> </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td>1989/90 </td> <td>1,110 </td> <td><i>5,589</i> </td> <td>16,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951/52 </td> <td>1,290 </td> <td><i>6,662</i> </td> <td>20,400 </td> <td>1990/91 </td> <td>1,790 </td> <td><i>5,045</i> </td> <td>14,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952/53 </td> <td>2,260 </td> <td><i>5,674</i> </td> <td>18,300 </td> <td>1991/92 </td> <td>1,770 </td> <td><i>6,387</i> </td> <td>18,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953/54 </td> <td>1,840 </td> <td><i>6,405</i> </td> <td>18,500 </td> <td>1992/93 </td> <td>1,930 </td> <td><i>5,570</i> </td> <td>15,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954/55 </td> <td>2,130 </td> <td><i>7,733</i> </td> <td>24,900 </td> <td>1993/94 </td> <td>1,949 </td> <td><i>4,908</i> </td> <td>11,895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955/56 </td> <td>2,400 </td> <td><i>8,247</i> </td> <td>24,600 </td> <td>1994/95 </td> <td>1,945 </td> <td><i>5,915</i> </td> <td>20,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956/57 </td> <td>1,870 </td> <td><i>5,394</i> </td> <td>18,100 </td> <td>1995/96 </td> <td>1,945 </td> <td><i>6,284</i> </td> <td>17,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957/58 </td> <td>1,480 </td> <td><i>7,769</i> </td> <td>23,600 </td> <td>1996/97 </td> <td>2,103 </td> <td><i>6,020</i> </td> <td>19,914 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958/59 </td> <td>2,020 </td> <td><i>4,828</i> </td> <td>14,700 </td> <td>1997/98 </td> <td>2,406 </td> <td><i>5,677</i> </td> <td>15,548 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959/60 </td> <td>1,530 </td> <td><i>5,228</i> </td> <td>18,300 </td> <td>1998/99 </td> <td>2,315 </td> <td><i>7,175</i> </td> <td>23,491 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960/61 </td> <td>1,250 </td> <td><i>6,707</i> </td> <td>22,200 </td> <td>1999/00 </td> <td>2,618 </td> <td><i>7,652</i> </td> <td>23,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961/62 </td> <td>979 </td> <td><i>4,912</i> </td> <td>15,500 </td> <td>2000/01 </td> <td>2,112 </td> <td><i>8,504</i> </td> <td>32,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962/63 </td> <td>1,150 </td> <td><i>7,101</i> </td> <td>24,100 </td> <td>2001/02 </td> <td>2,157 </td> <td><i>5,338</i> </td> <td>18,885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963/64 </td> <td>1,710 </td> <td><i>6,764</i> </td> <td>20,500 </td> <td>2002/03 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td><i>5,297</i> </td> <td>17,012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964/65 </td> <td>1,160 </td> <td><i>6,128</i> </td> <td>20,800 </td> <td>2003/04 </td> <td>1,592 </td> <td><i>6,225</i> </td> <td>19,025 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965/66 </td> <td>1,310 </td> <td><i>5,914</i> </td> <td>18,600 </td> <td>2004/05 </td> <td>2,107 </td> <td><i>5,683</i> </td> <td>16,098 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966/67 </td> <td>1,320 </td> <td><i>6,545</i> </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>2005/06 </td> <td>1,801 </td> <td><i>4,849</i> </td> <td>13,792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967/68 </td> <td>928 </td> <td><i>5,812</i> </td> <td>19,700 </td> <td>2006/07 </td> <td>1,781 </td> <td><i>5,291</i> </td> <td>19,389 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968/69 </td> <td>1,720 </td> <td><i>6,558</i> </td> <td>18,800 </td> <td>2007/08 </td> <td>2,227 </td> <td><i>6,767</i> </td> <td>19,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969/70 </td> <td>1,630 </td> <td><i>7,927</i> </td> <td>23,500 </td> <td>2008/09 </td> <td>1,535 </td> <td><i>6,161</i> </td> <td>20,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970/71 </td> <td>1,640 </td> <td><i>6,229</i> </td> <td>20,100 </td> <td>2009/10 </td> <td>2,101 </td> <td><i>7,637</i> </td> <td>20,534 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971/72 </td> <td>1,270 </td> <td><i>5,360</i> </td> <td>17,600 </td> <td>2010/11 </td> <td>2,166 </td> <td><i>7,225</i> </td> <td>21,272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972/73 </td> <td>1,410 </td> <td><i>4,489</i> </td> <td>14,400 </td> <td>2011/12 </td> <td>1,835 </td> <td><i>5,736</i> </td> <td>16,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973/74 </td> <td>839 </td> <td><i>3,698</i> </td> <td>12,200 </td> <td>2012/13 </td> <td>1,731 </td> <td><i>8,612</i> </td> <td>31,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974/75 </td> <td>832 </td> <td><i>5,275</i> </td> <td>17,100 </td> <td>2013/14 </td> <td>1,546 </td> <td><i>5,783</i> </td> <td>16,430 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975/76 </td> <td>1,300 </td> <td><i>5,848</i> </td> <td>19,600 </td> <td>2014/15 </td> <td>1,570 </td> <td><i>6,352</i> </td> <td>19,664 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976/77 </td> <td>1,320 </td> <td><i>5,136</i> </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td>2015/16 </td> <td>1,753 </td> <td><i>6,054</i> </td> <td>27,285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977/78 </td> <td>1,310 </td> <td><i>4,662</i> </td> <td>15,500 </td> <td>2016/17 </td> <td>2,550 </td> <td><i>6,555</i> </td> <td>20,613 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978/79 </td> <td>1,080 </td> <td><i>5,636</i> </td> <td>17,000 </td> <td>2017/18 </td> <td>2,058 </td> <td><i>6,781</i> </td> <td>21,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979/80 </td> <td>1,210 </td> <td><i>5,510</i> </td> <td>17,800 </td> <td>2018/19 </td> <td>2,046 </td> <td><i>7,900</i> </td> <td>25,612 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980/81 </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td><i>5,215</i> </td> <td>16,700 </td> <td>2019/20 </td> <td>1,594 </td> <td><i>8,751</i> </td> <td>24,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981/82 </td> <td>1,340 </td> <td><i>5,312</i> </td> <td>18,400 </td> <td>2020/21 </td> <td>2,131 </td> <td><i>7,570</i> </td> <td>28,082 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982/83 </td> <td>1,330 </td> <td><i>4,270</i> </td> <td>11,600 </td> <td>2021/22 </td> <td>2,021 </td> <td><i>5,913</i> </td> <td>17,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983/84 </td> <td>862 </td> <td><i>2,877</i> </td> <td>9,180 </td> <td>2022/23 </td> <td>1,997 </td> <td><i>8,288</i> </td> <td>33,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984/85 </td> <td>862 </td> <td><i>3,058</i> </td> <td>8,490 </td> <td>2023/24 </td> <td>2,107 </td> <td><i>7,491</i> </td> <td>20,578 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributaries">Tributaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main tributaries from the mouth: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Left <p>tributary </p> </th> <th>Right <p>tributary </p> </th> <th>Length <p>(km) </p> </th> <th>Basin size <p>(km<sup>2</sup>) </p> </th> <th>Average discharge <p>(m<sup>3</sup>/s) </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sombreiro </td> <td> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Escravos_River" title="Escravos River">Warri</a> </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1,300 </td> <td>38.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Okpare </td> <td>40 </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td>73.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Eriola </td> <td>50 </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>30.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ase (Asse) </td> <td> </td> <td>180 </td> <td>3,500 </td> <td>133.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orashi_River" title="Orashi River">Orashi</a> </td> <td>205 </td> <td>2,800 </td> <td>147.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b>Lower Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anambra_River" title="Anambra River">Anambra</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>256 </td> <td>14,014 </td> <td>400.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Otaw </td> <td>40 </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td>48.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Awele (Edien) </td> <td>80 </td> <td>3,300 </td> <td>111.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ubo </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td>25.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Aguro </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1,900 </td> <td>28.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Oiryi (Oji) </td> <td>67.72 </td> <td>927 </td> <td>15.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benue_River" title="Benue River">Benue</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td>338,385 </td> <td>3,477 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurara_Waterfalls" title="Gurara Waterfalls">Gurara</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>570 </td> <td>15,254 </td> <td>183.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Epu </td> <td>80 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>11.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Etsuan </td> <td> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1,450 </td> <td>16.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Kampe </td> <td>175 </td> <td>9,560 </td> <td>126.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gbako </td> <td> </td> <td>156 </td> <td>7,540 </td> <td>89.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_River" title="Kaduna River">Kaduna</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>575 </td> <td>65,878 </td> <td>641.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Oro </td> <td>113 </td> <td>4,500 </td> <td>71 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yunko </td> <td> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1,698 </td> <td>15.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Oyi </td> <td>120 </td> <td>2,100 </td> <td>30.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Oshin </td> <td>125 </td> <td>2,132 </td> <td>27.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Awun </td> <td>115.5 </td> <td>6,300 </td> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eku </td> <td> </td> <td>90 </td> <td>3,230 </td> <td>25.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Moshi </td> <td>232.22 </td> <td>9,400 </td> <td>69.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oli_River" title="Oli River">Oli</a> </td> <td>300 </td> <td>11,200 </td> <td>86.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kontagora" title="Kontagora">Kontagora</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>150 </td> <td>4,500 </td> <td>30.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Tama </td> <td>55 </td> <td>900 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Menai </td> <td>80 </td> <td>1,300 </td> <td>8.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Swashi </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>10.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Kpan </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1,800 </td> <td>11.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malendo </td> <td> </td> <td>220 </td> <td>9,127 </td> <td>62.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baduru </td> <td> </td> <td>75 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>9.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dan Zakhi </td> <td> </td> <td>110 </td> <td>3,000 </td> <td>26.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_River" title="Sokoto River">Sokoto</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>628 </td> <td>193,000 </td> <td>294.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Shodu </td> <td>100 </td> <td>3,900 </td> <td>22.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dallol Maouri </td> <td> </td> <td>250 </td> <td>72,551 </td> <td>10.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sota_River" title="Sota River">Sota</a> </td> <td>254 </td> <td>13,500 </td> <td>50.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alibori_River" title="Alibori River">Alibori</a> </td> <td>408 </td> <td>13,650 </td> <td>55.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Diare </td> <td>90 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b>Middle Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dallol_Bosso" title="Dallol Bosso">Dallol Bosso</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>350 </td> <td>556,000 </td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9krou_River" title="Mékrou River">Mékrou</a> </td> <td>410 </td> <td>10,635 </td> <td>32.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Tapoa </td> <td>260 </td> <td>5,500 </td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Diamangou </td> <td>200 </td> <td>4,400 </td> <td>5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Goroubi </td> <td>433 </td> <td>15.500 </td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sirba_River" title="Sirba River">Sirba</a> </td> <td>439 </td> <td>39,138 </td> <td>27.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9li_River" title="Béli River">Gorouol</a> </td> <td>250 </td> <td>60,842 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tilemsi </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>93,920 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Delta</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bani_River" title="Bani River">Bani</a> </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td>129,400 </td> <td>559 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><b>Upper Niger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sankarani_River" title="Sankarani River">Sankarani</a> </td> <td>679 </td> <td>33,288 </td> <td>305.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Fié </td> <td>210 </td> <td>4,045 </td> <td>31.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Koda (Koba) </td> <td> </td> <td>80 </td> <td>4,940 </td> <td>7.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tinkisso_River" title="Tinkisso River">Tinkisso</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>570 </td> <td>19,430 </td> <td>181 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milo_River" title="Milo River">Milo</a> </td> <td>430 </td> <td>13,590 </td> <td>188 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niandan" title="Niandan">Niandan</a> </td> <td>300 </td> <td>12,930 </td> <td>251 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Mafou </td> <td>160 </td> <td>4,075 </td> <td>62.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Niantan </td> <td> </td> <td>60 </td> <td> </td> <td>12.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bale </td> <td> </td> <td>80 </td> <td> </td> <td>31.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Niger_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_rice_niger.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/African_rice_niger.png/220px-African_rice_niger.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/African_rice_niger.png/330px-African_rice_niger.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/African_rice_niger.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Growing African rice, <i>Oryza glaberrima</i> along the Niger River in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>. The crop was first domesticated along the river.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg/300px-Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg/450px-Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg/600px-Ravenna_Cosmography_1889_Africa_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Ravenna_Cosmography" title="Ravenna Cosmography">Ravenna Cosmography</a> placed on a <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map" title="Ptolemy's world map">Ptolemaic map</a>. The <b>River Ger</b> is visible at bottom. Note it is placed, following <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, as just south of the land of the <a href="/wiki/Garamantes" title="Garamantes">Garamantes</a>, in modern <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, constricting the continent to the land from the central <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> north.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG/300px-1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG/450px-1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG/600px-1561_map_of_West_Africa_by_Girolamo_Ruscelli.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>1561 map of West Africa by Girolamo Ruscelli, from Italian translation of Ptolemy's Atlas "La geografia di Claudio Tolomeo alessandrino, Nuovamente tradotta di Greco in Italiano". The writer was attempting to square information gleaned from Portuguese trade along the coast with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map" title="Ptolemy's world map">Ptolemy's world map</a>. The mouths of the <a href="/wiki/Senegal_River" title="Senegal River">Senegal River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambia_River" title="Gambia River">Gambia River</a> are postulated to flow into a lake, which also feeds the "Ger"/"Niger River", which in turn feeds the "Nile Lake" and <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the <a href="/wiki/African_humid_period" title="African humid period">African humid period</a> around 5,500 years before present, the modern Sahara Desert, once a <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>, underwent <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>. As plant species sharply declined,<sup id="cite_ref-Cubry_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cubry-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> humans migrated to the fertile Niger River bend region, with abundant resources including plants for grazing and fish.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like in the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>, many food crops were <a href="/wiki/Domestication#Plants" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> in the Niger River region, including <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, African rice (<a href="/wiki/Oryza_glaberrima" title="Oryza glaberrima">Oryza glaberrima</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Pearl_millet#Africa" title="Pearl millet">pearl millet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scarcelli_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scarcelli-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sahara <a href="/wiki/Aridification" title="Aridification">aridification</a> may have triggered, or at least accelerated, these domestications.<sup id="cite_ref-Cubry_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cubry-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agriculture, as well as fishing and animal husbandry, led to the rise of settlements like <a href="/wiki/Djenn%C3%A9-Djenno" title="Djenné-Djenno">Djenné-Djenno</a> in the Inner Delta, now a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sub_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sub-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region of the Niger bend, in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>, was a key origin and destination for <a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_trade" title="Trans-Saharan trade">trans-Saharan trade</a>, fueling the wealth of great empires such as the <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a>, Mali, and <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empires</a>. Major trading ports along the river, including Timbuktu and Gao, became centers of learning and culture. Trade to the Niger bend region also <a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_the_Sudan_region" title="Islamization of the Sudan region">brought Islam to the region</a> in approximately the 14th century CE. Much of the northern Niger basin remains Muslim today, although the southern reaches of the river tend to be Christian. </p><p>Classical writings on the interior of the Sahara begin with <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, who mentions two rivers in the desert: the "Gir" (Γειρ)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and farther south, the "Nigir" (Νιγειρ).<sup id="cite_ref-meek1960_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meek1960-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first has been since identified as the <a href="/wiki/Oued_Guir" title="Oued Guir">Wadi Ghir</a> on the north-western edge of the <a href="/wiki/Tuat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuat">Tuat</a>, along the borders of modern <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meek1960_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meek1960-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would likely have been as far as Ptolemy would have had consistent records. The Ni-Ger was likely speculation, although the name stuck as that of a river south of the Mediterranean's "known world". <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> reports Romans traveling to the "Ger", although in reporting any river's name derived from a <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> language, in which "gher" means "watercourse", confusion could easily arise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258–259_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258–259-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> connected these two rivers as one long watercourse which flowed (via lakes and underground sections) into the Nile,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a notion which persisted in the Arab and European worlds – and further added the Senegal River as the "Ger" – until the 19th century. </p><p>While the true course of the Niger was presumably known to locals, it was a mystery to the outside world until the late 18th century. The connection to the <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a> was made not simply because this was then known as the great river of "<a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a>" (by which all lands south of the desert were called by Classical writers), but because the Nile like the Niger flooded every summer. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1967182–184_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1967182–184-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the descriptions of Leo Africanus and even <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> – despite his visit to the river – the myth connecting the Niger to the Nile persisted. </p><p>Many European expeditions to plot the river were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlumb1952_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlumb1952-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1788 the <a href="/wiki/African_Association" title="African Association">African Association</a> was formed in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> to promote the exploration of Africa in the hopes of locating the Niger, and in June 1796 the Scottish explorer <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Park_(explorer)" title="Mungo Park (explorer)">Mungo Park</a> was the first European to lay eyes on the middle portion of the river since antiquity (and perhaps ever). He wrote an account in 1799, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Travels_in_the_Interior_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travels in the Interior of Africa (page does not exist)">Travels in the Interior of Africa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Park proposed a theory that the Niger and <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo</a> were the same river. Although the Niger Delta would seem like an obvious candidate, it was a maze of streams and swamps that did not look like the head of a great river. He died in 1806 on a second expedition attempting to prove the Niger-Congo connection.<sup id="cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maclachlan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theory became the leading one in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maclachlan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several failed expeditions followed; however the mystery of the Niger would not be solved for another 25 years, in 1830, when <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lander" title="Richard Lander">Richard Lander</a> and his brother became the first Europeans to follow the course of the Niger to the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maclachlan-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, three Frenchmen, Jean Sauvy, Pierre Ponty and movie maker <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rouch" title="Jean Rouch">Jean Rouch</a>, former civil servants in the African <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonies</a>, set out to travel the entire length of the river, as no one else seemed to have done previously. They travelled from the beginning of the river near <a href="/wiki/Kissidougou" title="Kissidougou">Kissidougou</a> in Guinea, walking at first till a raft could be used, then changing to various local crafts as the river broadened and changed. Two of them reached the ocean on March 25, 1947, with Ponty having left the expedition at <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, somewhat past the halfway mark. They carried a <a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16mm movie camera</a>, the resulting footage giving Rouch his first two ethnographic documentaries: "Au pays des mages noirs", and "La chasse à l’hippopotame". A camera was used to illustrate Rouch's subsequent book "Le Niger En Pirogue" (Fernand Nathan, 1954), as well as Sauvy's "Descente du Niger" (L'Harmattan, 2001). A typewriter was brought as well, on which Ponty produced newspaper articles he mailed out whenever possible.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management_and_development">Management and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Management and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The water in the Niger River basin is partially regulated through dams. In Mali the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lingu%C3%A9_Dam" title="Sélingué Dam">Sélingué Dam</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sankarani_River" title="Sankarani River">Sankarani River</a> is mainly used for hydropower but also permits irrigation. Two diversion dams, one at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotuba (page does not exist)">Sotuba</a> just downstream of <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>, and one at <a href="/wiki/Markala" title="Markala">Markala</a>, just downstream of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Ségou</a>, are used to irrigate about 54,000 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nigeria the <a href="/wiki/Kainji_Dam" title="Kainji Dam">Kainji Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiroro_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station">Shiroro Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zungeru_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Zungeru Hydroelectric Power Station">Zungeru Dam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jebba_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station">Jebba Dam</a> are used to generate hydropower. </p><p>The water resources of the Niger River are under pressure because of increased water abstraction for irrigation. The construction of <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower generation</a> is underway or envisaged in order to alleviate chronic power shortages in the countries of the Niger basin.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> estimates the irrigation potential of all countries in the Niger river basin at 2.8 million hectares. Only 0.93m hectares (ha) were under irrigation in the late 1980s. The irrigation potential was estimated at 1.68m ha in Nigeria 0.56m ha in Mali, and the actual irrigated area was 0.67m ha and 0.19m ha.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azawagh" title="Azawagh">Azawagh</a> – Dry basin that once carried a northern tributary of the Niger River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Basin_Authority" title="Niger Basin Authority">Niger Basin Authority</a> – Intergovernmental organization in West Africa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/niger">"niger | Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221014033414/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Niger">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=niger+%7C+Origin+and+meaning+of+the+name+niger+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fniger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Niger_River_Basin_-_A_Vision_for_Sustainable_Management_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngerOusmaneMarthaJean-Claude2005" class="citation book cs1">Inger, Andersen; Ousmane, Dione; Martha, Jarosewich-Holder; Jean-Claude, Olivry; Katherin, George Golitzen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm"><i>The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management</i></a>. World Bank. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780821362037" title="Special:BookSources/9780821362037"><bdi>9780821362037</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230104003516/https://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/wbkwbpubs/7397.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Niger+River+Basin+-+A+Vision+for+Sustainable+Management&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780821362037&rft.aulast=Inger&rft.aufirst=Andersen&rft.au=Ousmane%2C+Dione&rft.au=Martha%2C+Jarosewich-Holder&rft.au=Jean-Claude%2C+Olivry&rft.au=Katherin%2C+George+Golitzen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconpapers.repec.org%2Fbookchap%2Fwbkwbpubs%2F7397.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721033139/http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm">"Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach, The Niger Basin"</a>. <i>www.fao.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a>. 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4347e/w4347e0i.htm">the original</a> on 2017-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fao.org&rft.atitle=Irrigation+potential+in+Africa%3A+A+basin+approach%2C+The+Niger+Basin&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2Fw4347e%2Fw4347e0i.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-35-years_decadal_changes_in_platform_morphology_of_the_Niger_and_Benue_confluence,_West_Africa_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhedeenKamaldeen_Olakunle2022" class="citation journal cs1">Muhedeen, Lawal; Kamaldeen Olakunle, Omosanya (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/essoar.10512089.1">"35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa"</a>. <i>ESS Open Archive</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fessoar.10512089.1">10.1002/essoar.10512089.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESS+Open+Archive&rft.atitle=35-years+decadal+changes+in+platform+morphology+of+the+Niger+and+Benue+confluence%2C+West+Africa&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fessoar.10512089.1&rft.aulast=Muhedeen&rft.aufirst=Lawal&rft.au=Kamaldeen+Olakunle%2C+Omosanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.authorea.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1002%2Fessoar.10512089.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWD_Continents-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWD_Continents_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm">"WWD Continents"</a>. <i>www.geol.lsu.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008103921/http://www.geol.lsu.edu/WDD/AFRICAN/Niger/niger.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.geol.lsu.edu&rft.atitle=WWD+Continents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geol.lsu.edu%2FWDD%2FAFRICAN%2FNiger%2Fniger.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prabhu_TL_2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prabhu_TL_2021_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prabhu_TL_2021_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrabhu_TL2021" class="citation web cs1">Prabhu TL (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156">"Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering"</a>. NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t1o0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Niger+6925+m3/s&pg=PT1156">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agricultural+Engineering%3A+An+Introduction+To+Agricultural+Engineering&rft.pub=NestFame+Creations+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Prabhu+TL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt1o0EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DNiger%2B6925%2Bm3%2Fs%26pg%3DPT1156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Water_Accounting_in_the_Niger_River_Basin_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en"><i>Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin</i></a>. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060%2Fcb1274en">10.4060/cb1274en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-133378-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-133378-5"><bdi>978-92-5-133378-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242320135">242320135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Accounting+in+the+Niger+River+Basin&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242320135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4060%2Fcb1274en&rft.isbn=978-92-5-133378-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4060%2Fcb1274en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niger-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179">"Niger"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401204320/https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=51&catid=202&Itemid=179">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riversnetwork.org%2FV1%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2F%3Fview%3Darticle%26id%3D51%26catid%3D202%26Itemid%3D179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niger-Hycos-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niger-Hycos_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article475">"Niger-Hycos"</a>. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201021022/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article475">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niger-Hycos&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnigerhycos.abn.ne%2Fportal%2Fspip.php%3Farticle475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-study-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-study_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-study_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastano" class="citation web cs1">Castano, Ing. Antonio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085233/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gF9Pb96gxA0J:www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf+niger+river+peak+discharge&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">"A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it/Sito_STAHY2010_web/pdf_papers/AbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Study+On+The+Hydrological+Series+Of+The+Niger+River+At+Koulikoro%2C+Niamey+And+Lokoja+Stations&rft.aulast=Castano&rft.aufirst=Ing.+Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.risorseidriche.dica.unict.it%2FSito_STAHY2010_web%2Fpdf_papers%2FAbrateT_HubertP_SighomnouD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGleick2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gleick" title="Peter Gleick">Gleick, Peter H.</a> (2000), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33"><i>The World's Water, 2000-2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater</i></a></span>, Island Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldswater200020000glei/page/33">33</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-792-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-792-3"><bdi>978-1-55963-792-3</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Water%2C+2000-2001%3A+The+Biennial+Report+on+Freshwater&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55963-792-3&rft.aulast=Gleick&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldswater200020000glei%2Fpage%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geography.name/niger-river/">"Niger River"</a>. <i>geography.name</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426134355/https://geography.name/niger-river/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geography.name&rft.atitle=Niger+River&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeography.name%2Fniger-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thompson, Samuel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA665">"Niger River"</a>. In McColl, R. W. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of World Geography</i>. Facts On File, Inc. p. 665. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816072293" title="Special:BookSources/9780816072293"><bdi>9780816072293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Niger+River&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Geography&rft.pages=665&rft.pub=Facts+On+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780816072293&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJgnebGbAB8C%26pg%3DPA665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/">"Rivers of the World: The Niger River"</a>. <i>Radio Netherlands Archives</i>. 2002-12-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131915/https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-niger-river/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Netherlands+Archives&rft.atitle=Rivers+of+the+World%3A+The+Niger+River&rft.date=2002-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionetherlandsarchives.org%2Fthe-niger-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdrissaDecalo2012" class="citation cs2">Idrissa, Abdourahmane; Decalo, Samuel (June 1, 2012), <i>Historical Dictionary of Niger</i> (4th ed.), Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, p. 274, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810860940" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810860940"><bdi>978-0810860940</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Niger&rft.place=Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pages=274&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0810860940&rft.aulast=Idrissa&rft.aufirst=Abdourahmane&rft.au=Decalo%2C+Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCana1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Niger"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Niger">"Niger" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 676.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Niger&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=676&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Cana&rft.aufirst=Frank+Richardson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=nigeir-geo">"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), NIGEIR"</a>. <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401162754/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=nigeir-geo">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography+%281854%29%2C+NIGEIR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aentry%3Dnigeir-geo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunwick2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Hunwick" title="John Hunwick">Hunwick, John O.</a> (2003) [1999]. <i>Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents</i>. Leiden: Brill. p. 275 Fn 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11207-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11207-0"><bdi>978-90-04-11207-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timbuktu+and+the+Songhay+Empire%3A+Al-Sadi%27s+Tarikh+al-Sudan+down+to+1613+and+other+contemporary+documents&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=275+Fn+22&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11207-0&rft.aulast=Hunwick&rft.aufirst=John+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiley2011" class="citation web cs1">Kiley, Penny (2011-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/">"Climate change, water and conflict in the Niger river basin"</a>. <i>International Alert</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004091209/https://www.international-alert.org/publications/climate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Alert&rft.atitle=Climate+change%2C+water+and+conflict+in+the+Niger+river+basin&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.aulast=Kiley&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.international-alert.org%2Fpublications%2Fclimate-change-water-and-conflict-niger-river-basin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReader2001">Reader 2001</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReader2001191–192-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReader2001191–192_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReader2001">Reader 2001</a>, pp. 191–192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PG462-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PG462_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_L._McKnightDarrel_Hess2005" class="citation book cs1">Tom L. McKnight; Darrel Hess (2005). "16, "The Fluvial Processes"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation</i> (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, Prentice Hall. p. 462. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-145139-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-145139-1"><bdi>978-0-13-145139-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=16%2C+%22The+Fluvial+Processes%22&rft.btitle=Physical+Geography%3A+A+Landscape+Appreciation&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=462&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Pearson%2C+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-13-145139-1&rft.au=Tom+L.+McKnight&rft.au=Darrel+Hess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRDC-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRDC_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642">"GRDC"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111211402/https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/05_cllbrtn/54_rvrbsns/nba.html;jsessionid=B68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323?nn=201642">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GRDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bafg.de%2FGRDC%2FEN%2F05_cllbrtn%2F54_rvrbsns%2Fnba.html%3Bjsessionid%3DB68338B0CA980923BCCBB2D34823EBD4.live21323%3Fnn%3D201642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niger_River-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Niger_River_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River">"Niger River"</a>. 14 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110955/https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-River">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niger+River&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNiger-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Essai_de_segmentation-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Essai_de_segmentation_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essai_de_segmentation_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommasoProf._Pierre2007" class="citation web cs1">Tommaso, Abrate; Prof. Pierre, Hubert (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m2hh.metis.upmc.fr/wp-content/uploads/arch/memories2007/Abrate_memorie07.pdf">"Essai de segmentation des sèries annuelles des dèbits du Niger aux stations de Koulikoro, Niamey at Lokoja"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Essai+de+segmentation+des+s%C3%A8ries+annuelles+des+d%C3%A8bits+du+Niger+aux+stations+de+Koulikoro%2C+Niamey+at+Lokoja&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Tommaso&rft.aufirst=Abrate&rft.au=Prof.+Pierre%2C+Hubert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm2hh.metis.upmc.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Farch%2Fmemories2007%2FAbrate_memorie07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AUTORITE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abn.ne/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=28&lang=en&ltemid=28&lang=en">"AUTORITE DU BASSIN DU NIGER"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AUTORITE+DU+BASSIN+DU+NIGER&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abn.ne%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Dcategory%26layout%3Dblog%26id%3D28%26lang%3Den%26ltemid%3D28%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BILAN_HYDROLOGIQUE_DU_BASSIN_DU_NIGER_ANNEE_2023/2024_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240917013217/http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517">"BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE DU BASSIN DU NIGER ANNEE 2023/2024"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nigerhycos.abn.ne/portal/spip.php?article517">the original</a> on 2024-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BILAN+HYDROLOGIQUE+DU+BASSIN+DU+NIGER+ANNEE+2023%2F2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnigerhycos.abn.ne%2Fportal%2Fspip.php%3Farticle517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liste_des_stations_avec_des_mesure_de_type_Debit_et_du_groupe_NIGERIA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liste_des_stations_avec_des_mesure_de_type_Debit_et_du_groupe_NIGERIA_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nigerhycos.abn.ne/user-anon/htm/listMultiStation.php?group_no=41&type_no=1&option_no=1">"Liste des stations avec des mesure de type Debit et du groupe NIGERIA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liste+des+stations+avec+des+mesure+de+type+Debit+et+du+groupe+NIGERIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnigerhycos.abn.ne%2Fuser-anon%2Fhtm%2FlistMultiStation.php%3Fgroup_no%3D41%26type_no%3D1%26option_no%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/">"FAO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918232726/http://www.fao.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cubry-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cubry_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cubry_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCubry2018" class="citation journal cs1">Cubry, Philippe (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2018.05.066">"The Rise and Fall of African Rice Cultivation Revealed by Analysis of 246 New Genomes"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>28</b> (14): <span class="nowrap">2274–</span>2282. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CBio...28E2274C">2018CBio...28E2274C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2018.05.066">10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.066</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822">0960-9822</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29983312">29983312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+African+Rice+Cultivation+Revealed+by+Analysis+of+246+New+Genomes&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2274-%3C%2Fspan%3E2282&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2018.05.066&rft.issn=0960-9822&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29983312&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018CBio...28E2274C&rft.aulast=Cubry&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2018.05.066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayor2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mayor, Anne (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261296160">"Ceramic Traditions and Ethnicity in the Niger Bend, West Africa"</a>. <i>Ethnoarchaeology</i>. <b>2</b>. University of Geneva: <span class="nowrap">5–</span>48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Feth.2010.2.1.5">10.1179/eth.2010.2.1.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1944-2890">1944-2890</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128409342">128409342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnoarchaeology&rft.atitle=Ceramic+Traditions+and+Ethnicity+in+the+Niger+Bend%2C+West+Africa&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128409342%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1944-2890&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Feth.2010.2.1.5&rft.aulast=Mayor&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F261296160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scarcelli-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scarcelli_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScarcelli2019" class="citation journal cs1">Scarcelli, Nora (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6527260">"Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>5</b> (5): eaaw1947. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019SciA....5.1947S">2019SciA....5.1947S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1947">10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6527260">6527260</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31114806">31114806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Yam+genomics+supports+West+Africa+as+a+major+cradle+of+crop+domestication&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=eaaw1947&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6527260%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019SciA....5.1947S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31114806&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1947&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Scarcelli&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6527260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sub-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sub_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcintoshMcintosh1979" class="citation journal cs1">Mcintosh, Susan Keech; Mcintosh, Roderick J. (Oct 1979). "Initial Perspectives on Prehistoric Subsistence in the Inland Niger Delta (Mail)". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>11</b> (2 Food and Nutrition): <span class="nowrap">227–</span>243. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1979.9979762">10.1080/00438243.1979.9979762</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-8243">0043-8243</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16470987">16470987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Initial+Perspectives+on+Prehistoric+Subsistence+in+the+Inland+Niger+Delta+%28Mail%29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2+Food+and+Nutrition&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.date=1979-10&rft.issn=0043-8243&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1979.9979762&rft.aulast=Mcintosh&rft.aufirst=Susan+Keech&rft.au=Mcintosh%2C+Roderick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geographia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA222">Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudii_Ptolemaei1843" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Claudii Ptolemaei (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ksBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA222"><i>Geographia</i></a> (in Greek). Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii. Book IV, Chapter 6, Section 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographia&rft.pages=Book+IV%2C+Chapter+6%2C+Section+13&rft.pub=Sumptibus+et+typis+Caroli+Tauchnitii&rft.date=1843&rft.au=Claudii+Ptolemaei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ksBAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meek1960-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meek1960_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meek1960_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek1960" class="citation journal cs1">Meek, C. K. (1960). "The Niger and the Classics: The History of a Name". <i>Journal of African History</i>. <b>1</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700001456">10.1017/S0021853700001456</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/179702">179702</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163134704">163134704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=The+Niger+and+the+Classics%3A+The+History+of+a+Name&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1960&rft.issn=0021-8537&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163134704%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F179702%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700001456&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=C.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaw1967" class="citation journal cs1">Law, R. C. C. (1967). "The Garamantes and Trans-Saharan Enterprise in Classical Times". <i>Journal of African History</i>. <b>8</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700007015">10.1017/S0021853700007015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165234947">165234947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=The+Garamantes+and+Trans-Saharan+Enterprise+in+Classical+Times&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165234947%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0021-8537&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700007015&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=R.+C.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span>. Law carefully ties together the classical sources on this, and explains the mix of third hand reports and mythology that was current in both the European and Arab worlds.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunburyStahl1879" class="citation book cs1">Bunbury, Edward Herbert; Stahl, William H. (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MktN8xy48XcC"><i>A History of Ancient Geography Among the Greeks and Romans: From the Earliest Ages Till the Fall of the Roman Empire</i></a>. London: J. Murray. pp. <span class="nowrap">626–</span>627.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Geography+Among+the+Greeks+and+Romans%3A+From+the+Earliest+Ages+Till+the+Fall+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E626-%3C%2Fspan%3E627&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Bunbury&rft.aufirst=Edward+Herbert&rft.au=Stahl%2C+William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_MktN8xy48XcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258–259-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258–259_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson1948">Thomson 1948</a>, pp. 258–259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson1948258_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson1948">Thomson 1948</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1967182–184-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1967182–184_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1967">Law 1967</a>, pp. 182–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlumb1952-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlumb1952_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlumb1952">Plumb 1952</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Gramonte1991" class="citation cs2">de Gramonte, Sanche (1991), <i>The Strong Brown God: Story of the Niger River</i>, Houghton Mifflin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-56756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-56756-2"><bdi>978-0-395-56756-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strong+Brown+God%3A+Story+of+the+Niger+River&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-395-56756-2&rft.aulast=de+Gramonte&rft.aufirst=Sanche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maclachlan-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maclachlan_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaclachlan1898" class="citation book cs1">Maclachlan, T. Banks (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mungopark00maclrich"><i>Mungo Park</i></a>. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mungopark00maclrich/page/130">130</a>–142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mungo+Park&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=130-142&rft.pub=Oliphant%2C+Anderson+%26+Ferrier&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Maclachlan&rft.aufirst=T.+Banks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmungopark00maclrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaugh" class="citation cs2">Baugh, Brenda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.der.org/jean-rouch/content/index.php?id=about"><i>About Jean Rouch</i></a>, Documentary Education Resources, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090820055522/http://www.der.org/jean-rouch/content/index.php?id=about">archived</a> from the original on 2009-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 Jan</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Jean+Rouch&rft.pub=Documentary+Education+Resources&rft.aulast=Baugh&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.der.org%2Fjean-rouch%2Fcontent%2Findex.php%3Fid%3Dabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/03/04/niger-basin-countries-collaborate-on-hydropower-irrigation-and-improved-water-resource-management">"In the Niger Basin, Countries Collaborate on Hydropower, Irrigation and Improved Water Resource Management"</a>. <i>World Bank</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920195403/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/03/04/niger-basin-countries-collaborate-on-hydropower-irrigation-and-improved-water-resource-management">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=In+the+Niger+Basin%2C+Countries+Collaborate+on+Hydropower%2C+Irrigation+and+Improved+Water+Resource+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2015%2F03%2F04%2Fniger-basin-countries-collaborate-on-hydropower-irrigation-and-improved-water-resource-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGramont1975" class="citation cs2">Gramont, Sanche de (1975), <i>The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River</i>, Hart-Davis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-246-10759-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-246-10759-6"><bdi>0-246-10759-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strong+Brown+God%3A+The+Story+of+the+Niger+River&rft.pub=Hart-Davis&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-246-10759-6&rft.aulast=Gramont&rft.aufirst=Sanche+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlumb1952" class="citation journal cs1">Plumb, J. H. (1952). "The Niger Quest". <i>History Today</i>. <b>2</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">243–</span>251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+Niger+Quest&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E251&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Plumb&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReader2001" class="citation cs2">Reader, John (2001), <i>Africa</i>, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-620-25506-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-620-25506-6"><bdi>978-0-620-25506-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-620-25506-6&rft.aulast=Reader&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1948" class="citation cs2">Thomson, J. Oliver (1948), <i>History of Ancient Geography</i>, Biblo & Tannen Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0143-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8196-0143-8"><bdi>978-0-8196-0143-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Ancient+Geography&rft.pub=Biblo+%26+Tannen+Publishers&rft.date=1948&rft.isbn=978-0-8196-0143-8&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=J.+Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelcomme1986" class="citation cs2">Welcomme, R.L. (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9">"The Niger River System"</a>, in Davies, Bryan Robert; Walker, Keith F. (eds.), <i>The Ecology of River Systems</i>, Springer, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ecologyofriversy0000unse/page/9">9–60</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6193-540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6193-540-7"><bdi>978-90-6193-540-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Niger+River+System&rft.btitle=The+Ecology+of+River+Systems&rft.pages=9-60&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-90-6193-540-7&rft.aulast=Welcomme&rft.aufirst=R.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecologyofriversy0000unse%2Fpage%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Niger_River" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Niger River">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Niger_River" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Niger River">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nigeria" class="extiw" title="voy:Nigeria">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3542" class="extiw" title="d:Q3542">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041027204023/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_detail_static.cfm?map_select=298&theme=2">Information and a map of the Niger's watershed</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wri.org/resources">http://www.wri.org/resources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151130024628/http://www.wri.org/resources">Archived</a> 2015-11-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145727/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af14.html">Map of the Niger River basin at Water Resources eAtlas</a> (link broken)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141219/http://nigercurrents.ca/">Niger Currents: Exploring life and technology along the Niger River</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaasMommersteeg1990" class="citation news cs1">Maas, Pierre; Mommersteeg, Geert (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018030141/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm">"Fishing in the Pondo"</a>. <i>Saudi Aramco World</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199004/fishing.in.the.pondo.htm">the original</a> on 2014-10-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Aramco+World&rft.atitle=Fishing+in+the+Pondo&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.au=Mommersteeg%2C+Geert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F199004%2Ffishing.in.the.pondo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_law_and_the_Niger_River">International law and the Niger River</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International law and the Niger River"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82">Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218211327/http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82">Archived</a> 2009-02-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peace Palace Library</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpadi2005" class="citation journal cs1">Spadi, Fabio (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF">"The International Court of Justice Judgment in the Benin–Niger Border Dispute: The Interplay of Titles and 'Effectivités' under the Uti Possidetis Juris Principle"</a>. <i>Leiden Journal of International Law</i>. <b>18</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">777–</span>794. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0922156505003006">10.1017/S0922156505003006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-9698">1478-9698</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145119157">145119157</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609153720/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/international-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle/8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leiden+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=The+International+Court+of+Justice+Judgment+in+the+Benin%E2%80%93Niger+Border+Dispute%3A+The+Interplay+of+Titles+and+%27Effectivit%C3%A9s%27+under+the+Uti+Possidetis+Juris+Principle&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E777-%3C%2Fspan%3E794&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145119157%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1478-9698&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0922156505003006&rft.aulast=Spadi&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fleiden-journal-of-international-law%2Farticle%2Finternational-court-of-justice-judgment-in-the-beninniger-border-dispute-the-interplay-of-titles-and-effectivites-under-the-uti-possidetis-juris-principle%2F8A2A7DDD601C070DFA7846C12576E5FF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANiger+River" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niger_River164" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Niger_River" title="Template:Niger River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Niger_River" title="Template talk:Niger River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Niger_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Niger River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niger_River164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Niger River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea" title="Geography of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mali" title="Geography of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Niger" title="Geography of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Benin" title="Geography of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nigeria" title="Geography of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger_river_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niger River"><img alt="Niger River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger_river_map.svg/90px-Niger_river_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger_river_map.svg/135px-Niger_river_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger_river_map.svg/180px-Niger_river_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="566" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tembakounda" title="Tembakounda">Source of the Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Niger" title="Middle Niger">Middle Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Niger_Delta" title="Inner Niger Delta">Inner Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Niger (page does not exist)">Lower Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tributaries (<a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Niger" title="List of tributaries of the Niger">list</a>) and <br /> distributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinkisso_River" title="Tinkisso River">Tinkisso River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankarani_River" title="Sankarani River">Sankarani River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_River" title="Milo River">Milo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_River" title="Bani River">Bani River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekrou_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekrou River">Mekrou River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibori_River" title="Alibori River">Alibori River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_River" title="Sokoto River">Sokoto River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sota_River" title="Sota River">Sota River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_River" title="Kaduna River">Kaduna River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_River" title="Benue River">Benue River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anambra_River" title="Anambra River">Anambra River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcados_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Forcados River">Forcados River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun_River" title="Nun River">Nun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_River" title="Brass River">Brass River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siguiri" title="Siguiri">Siguiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gou" title="Ségou">Segou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopti" title="Mopti">Mopti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokoja" title="Lokoja">Lokoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha" title="Onitsha">Onitsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kainji_Lake" title="Kainji Lake">Kainji Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_D%C3%A9bo" title="Lake Débo">Lac Debo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dams and bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Fahd_Bridge_(Bamako)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Fahd Bridge (Bamako)">King Fahd Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Bridge_(Bamako)" title="Martyrs Bridge (Bamako)">Martyrs Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markala" title="Markala">Markala Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Bridge (page does not exist)">Gao Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Bridge_(Niamey)" title="Kennedy Bridge (Niamey)">Kennedy Bridge </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainji_Dam" title="Kainji Dam">Kainji Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebba_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station">Jebba Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Niger_Bridge_(Onitsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Niger Bridge (Onitsha)">River Niger Bridge (Onitsha)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Basin_Authority" title="Niger Basin Authority">Niger Basin Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_of_Upper_Niger" title="National Park of Upper Niger">National Park of Upper Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_National_Park" title="W National Park">W National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainji_National_Park" title="Kainji National Park">Kainji National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebbi_boat_disaster" title="Kebbi boat disaster">Kebbi boat disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara_boat_disaster" title="Kwara boat disaster">Kwara boat disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogbaru_boat_disaster" title="Ogbaru boat disaster">Ogbaru boat disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042299-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85091852">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628857">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Niger (řeka)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134393&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453549">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531497505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038760">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&oldid=1275898143">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niger_River&oldid=1275898143</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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[\"CITEREFSpadi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomson1948\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTom_L._McKnightDarrel_Hess2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTommasoProf._Pierre2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelcomme1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Gramonte1991\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 8,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 18,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 28,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 10,\n [\"Font\"] = 12,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox mapframe\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox river\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 8,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 8,\n [\"Niger River\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc1\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"WikidataCoord\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikimedia\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-d26fs","timestamp":"20250217085500","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Niger River","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Niger_River","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3542","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3542","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:51:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c3\/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Pont_Kennedy_%281%29.jpg","headline":"river in West Africa"}</script> </body> </html>