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They ask whether, and for what reasons, a text should be categorized as a philosophical text (or excluded from the canon of philosophy), and what this means for the concept of philosophy. The focus on texts and textual corpora is central because it makes authors expose their claims and arguments in direct relation to specific sources, and discourages generalized reflections on the characteristics of, for example, Japanese culture or the Indian mind. The volume demonstrates that close and historically informed readings are the sine qua non in discussing what philosophy is in Asia and the Islamic world, just as much as with regard to Western literature Contributors are Yoko Arisaka, Wolfgang Behr, Thomas Fröhlich, Robert H. Gassmann, Elena Louisa Lange, Lee Ming-huei, Lisa Indraccolo, Paulus Kaufmann, Iso Kern, Ralf Müller, Gregor Paul, Lisa Raphals, Fabian Schäfer, Ori Sela, Raji C. Steineck, Rafael Suter, Christian Uhl, Viatcheslav Vetrov, Ralph Weber, Yvonne Schulz Zinda, and Nicholas Zufferey.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Ralph Weber"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Raji Steineck"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Raji Steineck"}],"dateCreated":"2018-05-09","dateModified":"2018-05-16","datePublished":"2018-01-01","headline":"Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World - Volume 1: China and Japan (ed. Raji C. Steineck, Ralph Weber, Elena Louisa Lange and Robert H. 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{"work":{"id":36596753,"created_at":"2018-05-09T09:37:04.176-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T14:17:32.329-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The contributions to Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World reflect upon the problems implied in the received notions of philosophy in the respective scholarly literatures. 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Gassmann)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3196775" href="https://unibas.academia.edu/RalphWeber"><img alt="Profile image of Ralph Weber" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3196775/1051427/1313079/s65_ralph.weber.jpg" />Ralph Weber</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="334570" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/RajiSteineck"><img alt="Profile image of Raji Steineck" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/334570/92754/15048709/s65_raji.steineck.jpg" />Raji Steineck</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Leiden: Brill Publishers</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">15 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 36596753; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=36596753"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The contributions to Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World reflect upon the problems implied in the received notions of philosophy in the respective scholarly literatures. They ask whether, and for what reasons, a text should be categorized as a philosophical text (or excluded from the canon of philosophy), and what this means for the concept of philosophy. The focus on texts and textual corpora is central because it makes authors expose their claims and arguments in direct relation to specific sources, and discourages generalized reflections on the characteristics of, for example, Japanese culture or the Indian mind. The volume demonstrates that close and historically informed readings are the sine qua non in discussing what philosophy is in Asia and the Islamic world, just as much as with regard to Western literature Contributors are Yoko Arisaka, Wolfgang Behr, Thomas Fröhlich, Robert H. Gassmann, Elena Louisa Lange, Lee Ming-huei, Lisa Indraccolo, Paulus Kaufmann, Iso Kern, Ralf Müller, Gregor Paul, Lisa Raphals, Fabian Schäfer, Ori Sela, Raji C. 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Yüzyılda Yayınlanan Literatürün Analizi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="154074274" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDSalahUddin63">MD Salah Uddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asia Minor Studies, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Islamic philosophy as a branch of knowledge emerged following the triumph of Greek philosophy. A large number of studies focused on various aspects of Islamic philosophy throughout the world. The present study aims to analyze the articles published in the SCOPUS-indexed journals on different issues of Islamic philosophy in the 21st century from central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Using bibliometric R-package and Microsoft Excel, the analysis focused on the summary of the data, productivity over the years, analysis of the sources and the areas of study. The number of publications has increased over the years on this topic. However, a significant amount of research has been conducted in Iran and Turkey. Eventually, the contributing sources are also mainly from these two countries. Among the topics covered are related to "Islamism", "Islam", "History", "Religion" and "Philosophy". Future research can be conducted on the contributions of various Islamic philosophers in metaphysics, epistemology, natural philosophy and social philosophy. Based on the current study's findings, future researchers on Islamic philosophy can determine their areas of interest.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islamic Philosophy in Indian-Subcontinent and Middle Asia: An Analysis of Literature Published in The 21st Century Hint Altkıtası Ve Orta Asya'da İslam Felsefesi: 21. Yüzyılda Yayınlanan Literatürün Analizi","attachmentId":104545668,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104958410/Islamic_Philosophy_in_Indian_Subcontinent_and_Middle_Asia_An_Analysis_of_Literature_Published_in_The_21st_Century_Hint_Altk%C4%B1tas%C4%B1_Ve_Orta_Asyada_%C4%B0slam_Felsefesi_21_Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda_Yay%C4%B1nlanan_Literat%C3%BCr%C3%BCn_Analizi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104958410/Islamic_Philosophy_in_Indian_Subcontinent_and_Middle_Asia_An_Analysis_of_Literature_Published_in_The_21st_Century_Hint_Altk%C4%B1tas%C4%B1_Ve_Orta_Asyada_%C4%B0slam_Felsefesi_21_Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1lda_Yay%C4%B1nlanan_Literat%C3%BCr%C3%BCn_Analizi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="53271981" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53271981/The_East_in_the_West_Chinese_Japanese_and_Indian_Philosophy_in_the_20th_Century">The East in the West: Chinese, Japanese, and Indian Philosophy in the 20th Century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34740253" href="https://wm.academia.edu/LauraGuerrero">Laura P Guerrero</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cambridge History of Philosophy, 1945-2015. Ed. Kelly Becker and Iain Thomson, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter outlines the impact of some of the most influential Asian philosophies on the English-speaking philosophical world from 1945 to 2015. Focusing on English-language materials, this chapter offers a brief sketch of some of the contributions Chinese, Japanese, and Indian philosophies have made to the broader philosophical landscape since 1945. A section on each of these regions offers a brief sketch of the historical context and key terms, followed by an account of a few key areas of philosophic interest. Some of the key traditions discussed include: Ruism (Confucianism), Daoism, and Buddhism. Some of the key areas of interest include ethics and the nature of self-cultivation, aesthetics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, phenomenology, epistemology, metaphysics, as well as a significant body of work concerning the nature of philosophy itself and the place of non-Western philosophical traditions and cross-cultural philosophy within the academy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The East in the West: Chinese, Japanese, and Indian Philosophy in the 20th Century","attachmentId":70179246,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53271981/The_East_in_the_West_Chinese_Japanese_and_Indian_Philosophy_in_the_20th_Century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53271981/The_East_in_the_West_Chinese_Japanese_and_Indian_Philosophy_in_the_20th_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="28941165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28941165/Some_Reflections_on_Oriental_Studies">Some Reflections on Oriental Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15603705" href="https://otani.academia.edu/TomomichiNitta">Tomomichi Nitta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">1. The Inverted "Order" and the Loss of Intellect in Modem Age. Born in the West, Modem civilization has come to dominate almost all the world today, and its "development" is still accelerating further. The tremendousness of its sweeping rash, indeed, ought to leave no room to doubt that we are actually attaining the very final stage of Kali-yuga, the last and the most corrupt age of the four cyclical subdivisions in Hindu cosmology. Under these circumstances, however, for one into whom the modem way of "thinking" has been insinuated from his birth through every aspect of daily life including, of course, school education and the mass media, it is extremely difficult to become even aware that modemity is; nothing less than the downright deviation from the normal human order and is fundamentally satanic. We are, nevertheless, blessed with some contemporary traditional thinkers—^represented by A. K. Coomaraswamy, Rene Guenon, Frithjof Schuon and Marco Pallis—who, unanimously though each in their own way, remind us unambiguously of the timeless verity of Tradition and the aberrancy of modemity: Prof. Saran is one of them. Their statements can hardly be said to have been rightly understood or sympathetically appreciated so far by the mainstream academic community, but they must have surely encouraged and supported certain minorities scattered on the globe who bear a radical distrust of modemity and aspire to realize the Truths even in the midst of this darkness of the times in which we all are inescapably trapped today.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Some Reflections on Oriental Studies","attachmentId":49378093,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28941165/Some_Reflections_on_Oriental_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28941165/Some_Reflections_on_Oriental_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36063072" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36063072/East_Asian_Philosophy_A_Brief_Introduction">East Asian Philosophy: A Brief Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DEOsto">D. E. Osto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">D.E. Osto Publishing, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This book is meant to serve as an entry point for the English reader into the vast and profound ocean of East Asian philosophy. Focusing on China, it outlines the basic contours of the three major philosophical streams found in East Asia: Daoism (Taoism), Confucianism, and Buddhism. Beginning with the classical period, the book details the Daoist philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and the early Confucianism of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Next, the book explains the transmission of Buddhism from India to China, and provides individual chapters on the Chinese Buddhist schools of Huayan and Chan (Zen). This is followed by chapters on the Neo-Confucian philosophies of Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming; and the modern “New Confucian” thought of Fung Yu-lan and Tu Wei-ming. The final two chapters turn to Japan and investigate the Zen philosophy of Dogen and the modern Kyoto School.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"East Asian Philosophy: A Brief Introduction","attachmentId":55950445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36063072/East_Asian_Philosophy_A_Brief_Introduction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36063072/East_Asian_Philosophy_A_Brief_Introduction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="77280624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77280624/Asian_Philosophical_Traditions_and_Their_Importance_in_Conceptualization_of_a_Universal_Borderless_Philosophy">Asian Philosophical Traditions and Their Importance in Conceptualization of a Universal, Borderless Philosophy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3314476" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/NarmadaPoojari">Narmada Poojari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ACERP2019 Official Conference Proceedings, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Asian Philosophical Traditions and Their Importance in Conceptualization of a Universal, Borderless Philosophy","attachmentId":112406174,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77280624/Asian_Philosophical_Traditions_and_Their_Importance_in_Conceptualization_of_a_Universal_Borderless_Philosophy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77280624/Asian_Philosophical_Traditions_and_Their_Importance_in_Conceptualization_of_a_Universal_Borderless_Philosophy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="844763" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/844763/Understanding_the_Sources_of_the_Sino_Islamic_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Review_Essay_on_The_Sage_Learning_of_Liu_Zhi_Islamic_Thought_in_Confucian_Terms_by_Sachiko_Murata_William_C_Chittick_and_Tu_Weiming_and_Recent_Chinese_Literary_Treasuries">Understanding the Sources of the Sino-Islamic Intellectual Tradition: A Review Essay on The Sage Learning of Liu Zhi: Islamic Thought in Confucian Terms, by Sachiko Murata, William C. Chittick, and Tu Weiming, and Recent Chinese Literary Treasuries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27878" href="https://odu.academia.edu/KristianPetersen">Kristian Petersen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophy East and West Vol. 61, No. 3, 546-559, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Understanding the Sources of the Sino-Islamic Intellectual Tradition: A Review Essay on The Sage Learning of Liu Zhi: Islamic Thought in Confucian Terms, by Sachiko Murata, William C. Chittick, and Tu Weiming, and Recent Chinese Literary Treasuries","attachmentId":33077299,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/844763/Understanding_the_Sources_of_the_Sino_Islamic_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Review_Essay_on_The_Sage_Learning_of_Liu_Zhi_Islamic_Thought_in_Confucian_Terms_by_Sachiko_Murata_William_C_Chittick_and_Tu_Weiming_and_Recent_Chinese_Literary_Treasuries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/844763/Understanding_the_Sources_of_the_Sino_Islamic_Intellectual_Tradition_A_Review_Essay_on_The_Sage_Learning_of_Liu_Zhi_Islamic_Thought_in_Confucian_Terms_by_Sachiko_Murata_William_C_Chittick_and_Tu_Weiming_and_Recent_Chinese_Literary_Treasuries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="703208" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/703208/A_Critique_of_Modern_Philosophy_and_Plea_for_Philosophy_in_Islamic_Culture">A Critique of Modern Philosophy and Plea for Philosophy in Islamic Culture.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="271822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RizviAli">Ali على Rizvi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper I make a case for a genuine and legitimate role for philosophy in modern Islamic culture. However, I argue that in order to make any progress towards reinstating such philosophical activity, we need to look deep into the nature and essence of modern philosophy. In this paper I aim to do this precisely by challenging modern philosophy’s self conception as an absolute critique (i.e. a critique of everything/anything). I argue that such a conception is not only misconceived, it is also ideological in character. Looking back to its origins, I develop a genealogy of modern philosophy’s self-understanding in order to deconstruct it and disassociate it from other possible alternative conceptions of philosophy. I argue that we should reject the notion of philosophy as absolute critique, as it is ideologically motivated and oppressive. Instead, I argue for a more modest conception of philosophy as a subject which provides tools for developing human powers of reflection.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Critique of Modern Philosophy and Plea for Philosophy in Islamic Culture.","attachmentId":3958200,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/703208/A_Critique_of_Modern_Philosophy_and_Plea_for_Philosophy_in_Islamic_Culture","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/703208/A_Critique_of_Modern_Philosophy_and_Plea_for_Philosophy_in_Islamic_Culture"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":56581155,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":56581155,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_56581155" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="92699492" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92699492/LS_161H_01_Asian_Humanities">LS 161H.01: Asian Humanities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49029122" href="https://bard.academia.edu/BradleyClough">Bradley Clough</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"LS 161H.01: Asian Humanities","attachmentId":95638810,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92699492/LS_161H_01_Asian_Humanities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92699492/LS_161H_01_Asian_Humanities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="125807903" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125807903/Chinese_Philosophy_and_Its_Thinkers_From_Ancient_Times_to_the_Present_Day_Volume_II_Chinese_Imperial_Philosophy_after_Buddhism_Bloomsbury_">Chinese Philosophy and Its Thinkers: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. 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