CINXE.COM
Panagsurat - Wikipedia, ti nawaya nga ensiklopedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ilo" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Panagsurat - Wikipedia, ti nawaya nga ensiklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ilowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Enero","Pebrero","Marso","Abril","Mayo","Hunio","Hulio","Agosto","Septiembre","Oktubre","Nobiembre","Disiembre"],"wgRequestId":"7df4d839-7974-4ee2-9697-3538bfbf8736","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Panagsurat","wgTitle":"Panagsurat","wgCurRevisionId":321193,"wgRevisionId":321193,"wgArticleId":21532,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Amin a pungol nga artikulo","Dagiti pungol","Ti silpo ti kategoria ti Commons ket lokal a naipalawag","Panagsurat"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ilo","wgPageContentLanguage":"ilo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Panagsurat","wgRelevantArticleId":21532,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ilo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ilo"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q37260","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ilo&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ilo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ilo&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/1200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="787"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/800px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="525"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/640px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="420"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Panagsurat - Wikipedia, ti nawaya nga ensiklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ilo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagsurat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Urnosen" href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ilo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ilo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagsurat"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ilo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Pakan ti Atom ti Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Panagsurat rootpage-Panagsurat skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagdaliasatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid" title="Sarungkaran ti umuna a panid [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Umuna a Panid</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_ti_komunidad" title="Maipapan iti proyekto, no ania ti maaramidmo, ti pagbirukan kadagiti banag"><span>Portal ti komunidad</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dap-ayan" title="Pagsasaritaan kadagiti teknikal a banag, annuroten, singsingasing iti panagpataray ti Wikipedia"><span>Dap-ayan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:RecentChanges" title="Listaan dagiti naudi a sinukatan iti wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Kaudian a balbaliw</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:Random" title="Agikarga iti pugto nga artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pugto nga artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tulong:Dagiti_linaon" title="Ti lugar a pagduktalan"><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Umuna_a_Panid" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ilo.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ti Nawaya nga Ensiklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ilo.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Espesial:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Agbiruk iti Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Agbiruk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Agbiruk iti Wikipedia" aria-label="Agbiruk iti Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Agbiruk iti Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Espesial:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Agbiruk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Bukod a ramramit"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ilo.wikipedia.org&uselang=ilo" class=""><span>Donasion</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:CreateAccount&returnto=Panagsurat" title="Maaw-awis nga agpartuatka iti pakabilangan ken sumrek; nupay kasta, daytoy ket saan a nasken" class=""><span>Agpartuat iti pakabilangan</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:UserLogin&returnto=Panagsurat" title="Maaw-awis a sumrekka; nupay kasta, daytoy ket saan a nasken [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Sumrek</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bukod a ramramit" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bukod a ramramit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ilo.wikipedia.org&uselang=ilo"><span>Donasion</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:CreateAccount&returnto=Panagsurat" title="Maaw-awis nga agpartuatka iti pakabilangan ken sumrek; nupay kasta, daytoy ket saan a nasken"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Agpartuat iti pakabilangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:UserLogin&returnto=Panagsurat" title="Maaw-awis a sumrekka; nupay kasta, daytoy ket saan a nasken [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Sumrek</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Tulong:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:MyContributions" title="Ti listaan dagiti panagurnos manipud iti daytoy nga adres ti IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Inar-aramid</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:MyTalk" title="Pakitungtungan a maipanggep kadagiti panagurnos manipud iti daytoy nga adres ti IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Tungtungan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dagiti_nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagiti_nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dagiti nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagiti_nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagiti_nagibasaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagiti_nagibasaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dagiti nagibasaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagiti_nagibasaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dagiti akinruar a silpo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panagsurat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dagiti 136 a pagsasao</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skryfkuns" title="Skryfkuns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skryfkuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="लेखन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लेखन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="كتابة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتابة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Escritura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%92%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܟܬܒܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܬܒܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escritura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="लेखन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लेखन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipy" title="Taipy – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Taipy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Escritura" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1" title="Yazı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yazı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="یازی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یازی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8" title="লিখন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিখন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A1-j%C4%AB" title="Siá-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siá-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BB%D3%99" title="Имлә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Имлә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Пісьмо – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Пісьмо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsurat" title="Pagsurat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagsurat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Писане – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pisanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriva%C3%B1" title="Skrivañ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skrivañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escriptura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AA%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Ҫырав – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ҫырав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsulat" title="Pagsulat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pagsulat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psan%C3%AD" title="Psaní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Psaní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunyora" title="Kunyora – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kunyora" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgrifen" title="Ysgrifen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgrifen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrivning" title="Skrivning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skrivning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreiben" title="Schreiben – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schreiben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjutamine" title="Kirjutamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirjutamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE" title="Γραφή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Writing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escritura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="nasayaat nga artikulo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skribo" title="Skribo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escreviura" title="Escreviura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Escreviura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idazte" title="Idazte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Idazte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%86" title="نوشتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوشتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Writing" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89criture" title="Écriture – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écriture" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriuwen" title="Skriuwen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skriuwen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita" title="Escrita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escrita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB" title="書寫 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="書寫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%93%B0%EA%B8%B0" title="쓰기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쓰기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubutu" title="Rubutu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rubutu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="लेखन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेखन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pisanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriburo" title="Skriburo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skriburo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menulis" title="Menulis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menulis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptura" title="Scriptura – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scriptura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scrittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94" title="כתיבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתיבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulis" title="Nulis – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nulis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಬರವಣಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬರವಣಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="წერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrifa" title="Skrifa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Skrifa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uandishi" title="Uandishi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uandishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekri" title="Ekri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kritir" title="Ékritir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ékritir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83" title="Жазуу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жазуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrit" title="Scrit – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Scrit" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptura" title="Scriptura – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scriptura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakst%C4%AB%C5%A1ana" title="Rakstīšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rakstīšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ymas" title="Rašymas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rašymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjrieve" title="Sjrieve – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjrieve" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokomi" title="Bokomi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bokomi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjutus" title="Kirjutus – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirjutus" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ciska" title="ciska – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ciska" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1s" title="Írás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol%C3%A8s" title="Nolès – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Nolès" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Пишување – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пишување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soratra" title="Soratra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="എഴുത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഴുത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ჭარუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭარუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penulisan" title="Penulisan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penulisan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrita" title="Scrita – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Scrita" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Бичих – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бичих" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အရေးအသား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရေးအသား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volavola" title="Volavola – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Volavola" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrijven" title="Schrijven – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schrijven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="लेखन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लेखन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="च्वेगु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="च्वेगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E8%A8%98" title="筆記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="筆記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skriving" title="Skriving – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skriving" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrift" title="Skrift – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escritura" title="Escritura – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Escritura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਲਿਖਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਖਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="لکھائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لکھائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raitn" title="Raitn – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Raitn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A" title="ការសរសេរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ការសរសេរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scritura" title="Scritura – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Scritura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo" title="Pismo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escrita" title="Escrita – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escrita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriere" title="Scriere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scriere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqay" title="Qillqay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Писаня – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Писаня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" title="Письмо (письменность) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Письмо (письменность)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Сурук – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сурук" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱚᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrievin" title="Scrievin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Scrievin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkrimi" title="Shkrimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrittura" title="Scrittura – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scrittura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9B%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ලේඛන කලාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලේඛන කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Writing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="تصنيف – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تصنيف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pisanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szrajb%C5%AFnek" title="Szrajbůnek – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szrajbůnek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoraal" title="Qoraal – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qoraal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نووسین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نووسین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Писање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Писање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pisanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nulis" title="Nulis – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Nulis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjoitus" title="Kirjoitus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrivkonst" title="Skrivkonst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skrivkonst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsusulat" title="Pagsusulat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsusulat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="எழுத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எழுத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tira" title="Tira – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tira" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Язу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Язу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4" title="వ్రాత – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్రాత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="การเขียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเขียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1" title="Yazı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyuut" title="Lyuut – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lyuut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Письмо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Письмо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تحریر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحریر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%82" title="يېزىق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېزىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scritura" title="Scritura – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Scritura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_vi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Chữ viết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ viết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirotamin%C3%B5" title="Kirotaminõ – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kirotaminõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicrijhaedje" title="Sicrijhaedje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sicrijhaedje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panurat" title="Panurat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panurat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%99" title="书写 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="书写" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F" title="שרייבן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שרייבן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97" title="寫字 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="寫字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu%C5%9Fte" title="Nuşte – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nuşte" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ts" title="Rašts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Rašts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB" title="書寫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="書寫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37260#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Urnosen dagiti silpo ti pagsasao" class="wbc-editpage">Urnosen dagiti silpo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Dagiti nagan ti espasio"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panagsurat" title="Kitaen ti naglaon a panid [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungtungan:Panagsurat&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pagtungtungan a maipapan ti linaon ti panid (awan ti panid) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pagtungtungan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ilokano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Dagiti pangkitaan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panagsurat"><span>Basaen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&veaction=edit" title="Urnosen daytoy a panid [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Urnosen</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit" title="Urnosen ti taudan a kodigo iti daytoy a panid [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Urnosen ti taudan</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=history" title="Dagiti napalabas a rebision iti daytoy a panid. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Kitaen ti pakasaritaan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ramramit" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ramramit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panagsurat"><span>Basaen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&veaction=edit" title="Urnosen daytoy a panid [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Urnosen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit" title="Urnosen ti taudan a kodigo iti daytoy a panid [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Urnosen ti taudan</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=history"><span>Kitaen ti pakasaritaan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:WhatLinksHere/Panagsurat" title="Listaan ti amin a pampanid ti wiki a nakasilpo ditoy [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Dagiti nakasilpo ditoy</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:RecentChangesLinked/Panagsurat" rel="nofollow" title="Kaudian a balbaliw kadagiti panid a naisilpo manipud ti daytoy a panid [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mainaig a sinuksukatan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ilo" title="Agikarga kadagiti papeles [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Agikarga iti papeles</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:SpecialPages" title="Listaan ti amin nga espesial a pampanid [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Espesial a pampanid</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&oldid=321193" title="Permanente a silpo iti daytoy a rebision ti panid"><span>Agnanayon a silpo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=info" title="Adu pay a pakaammo a maipanggep iti daytoy a panid"><span>Pakaammo ti panid</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:CiteThisPage&page=Panagsurat&id=321193&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Pakaammo no kasanu ti panagdakamat daytoy a panid"><span>Dakamaten daytoy a panid</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Filo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanagsurat"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Filo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanagsurat"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imaldit/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Panagsurat"><span>Agpartuat iti libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Panagsurat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ikarga a kas PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&printable=yes" title="Maimaldit a bersion iti daytoy a panid [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersion a maimaldit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kadagiti sabali a proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Writing_(activity)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37260" title="Isilpo iti naikapet a datos ti repositorio ti banag [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Datos ti Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Manipud iti Wikipedia, ti nawaya nga ensiklopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ilo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Panagsurat</figcaption></figure> <p>Ti <b>panagsurat</b> ket pagsasao iti maysa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Testo_(literario_a_teoria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Testo (literario a teoria) (awan ti panid)">tekstual</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midia_(ar-arte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midia (ar-arte) (awan ti panid)">pamay-an</a> babaen ti panag-usar iti maysa nga agsmang dagiti senial wenno dagiti simbolo (naamammuan a kas ti <a href="/wiki/Panagsurat_a_sistema" class="mw-redirect" title="Panagsurat a sistema">panagsurat a sistema</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daytoy ket nailaslasin manipud ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilustrasion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilustrasion (awan ti panid)">ilustrasion</a>, a kas ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukib_a_panangiladawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukib a panangiladawan (awan ti panid)">rukib a panangiladawan</a> ken <a href="/wiki/Pinintaan" title="Pinintaan">pinintaan</a>, ken ti simboliko a pannkapreserba ti pagsasao babaen ti saan a ttekstual a midia , a kas ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetic_tape_sound_recording&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetic tape sound recording (awan ti panid)">magnetiko a sintas ti audio</a>. </p><p>Ti panagsurat ket mabalin a nairugi a kas nagbanagan iti politikal apanagpadakkel kadagiti taga-ugma a kultura, a nakasapulda kadagiti nasayaat a pamay-an para iti panagited kadagiti pakaaammo, panangimaton kadagiti pakabilangan ti pinansia, panagidulin kadagiti naipakasaritaan a rehistro, ken dagiti kapada dagitoy nga ar-aramid. Idi agarup a maika-4 a milenio BC, ti kinarikuti panagtagilako ken administrasion iti <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> ket nadakkelanna ti memoria ti tao, ken ti panagsurat ket nagbalin a makeddengan a pamay-an iti panagrehistro ken panangirepresenta kadagiti transaksion iti maysa a permannente a porma.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson,_2003,_p._36_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson,_2003,_p._36-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iti <a href="/wiki/Taga-ugma_nga_Ehipto" title="Taga-ugma nga Ehipto">Taga-ugma nga Ehipto</a> ken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoamerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoamerika (awan ti panid)">Mesoamerika</a> ti panagsurat ket mabalin a nagtaud manipud kadagiti kalendriko ken politikal a kammasapulan para iti panagrehistro dagiti naipakasaritaan ken enbironmental a paspasamak. Ti kaduogan a naamammuan a idiay Tsina ket iti dibinasion iti naarian a korte. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374221">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Simbolo ti pungol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Daytoy nga artikulo ket <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pungol" title="Wikipedia:Pungol">pungol</a>. Makatulongka iti Wikipedia babaen ti <a class="external text" href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit">panagnayon iti daytoy</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r398455">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r390307">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-kitaen"><a href="/wiki/Plantilia:Pungol" title="Plantilia:Pungol"><abbr title="Kitaen daytoy a plantilia">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tungtungan"><a href="/wiki/Plantilia_tungtungan:Pungol" title="Plantilia tungtungan:Pungol"><abbr title="Tungtungan daytoy a plantilia">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-urnosen"><a class="external text" href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plantilia:Pungol&action=edit"><abbr title="Urnosen daytoy a plantilia">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_nota">Dagiti nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti nota"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374282">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_nagibasaran">Dagiti nagibasaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti nagibasaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti nagibasaran"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r374282"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter T. Daniels, "Ti Panagadal kadagiti Panagsurat a Sistema", iti <i>Dagiti Panagsurat a Sistema iti Lubong</i>, ed. Bright ken ni Daniels, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson,_2003,_p._36-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson,_2003,_p._36_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, 2003, p. 36</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo">Dagiti akinruar a silpo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti akinruar a silpo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti akinruar a silpo"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Dagiti midia a mainaig iti <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_writing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People writing"><span style="">Panagsurat ti tao</span></a> iti Wikimedia Commons<br /> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uca.edu.ar/esp/sec-ffilosofia/esp/docs-institutos/s-cehao/boletin/damqatum3_eng2007.pdf">Pagsasao, Panagsurat ken Alpabeto: Ti pannakisinnarita kenni Christophe Rico</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damqatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damqatum (awan ti panid)">Damqatum</a> 3 (2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/artimages/why/whywrite.html">Apay nga agsurat?</a> – ti pakasaritaan iti panagsurat ken ti alpabeto manipud ti Biblioteka ti Britaniko</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d8f4b96‐szjw9 Cached time: 20241117124711 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.131 seconds Real time usage: 0.332 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 352/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5323/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 508/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6571/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.060/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1295872/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 183.693 1 -total 53.23% 97.785 1 Plantilia:Commonscat-inline 50.87% 93.450 1 Plantilia:Kabsat-nailinia 38.86% 71.380 1 Plantilia:Pungol 37.58% 69.036 1 Plantilia:Asbox 15.88% 29.169 2 Plantilia:Replace 7.76% 14.261 2 Plantilia:Reflist 4.79% 8.795 1 Plantilia:Preview_warning 0.94% 1.721 2 Plantilia:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ilowiki:pcache:idhash:21532-0!canonical and timestamp 20241117124711 and revision id 321193. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Naala manipud iti "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&oldid=321193">https://ilo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&oldid=321193</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Espesial:Categories" title="Espesial:Categories">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Panagsurat" title="Kategoria:Panagsurat">Panagsurat</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nailemmeng a katkategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Amin_a_pungol_nga_artikulo" title="Kategoria:Amin a pungol nga artikulo">Amin a pungol nga artikulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_pungol" title="Kategoria:Dagiti pungol">Dagiti pungol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ti_silpo_ti_kategoria_ti_Commons_ket_lokal_a_naipalawag" title="Kategoria:Ti silpo ti kategoria ti Commons ket lokal a naipalawag">Ti silpo ti kategoria ti Commons ket lokal a naipalawag</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Daytoy a panid ket naudi a naurnos idi 31 Mayo 2018, 07:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Ti teksto ket magun-od babaen ti <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensia ti Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; dagiti mainayon a termino ket mabalin pay a maipakat. Kitaen dagiti <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termino ti Panagusar</a> para kadagiti salaysay.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Annuroten ti kinapribado</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maipanggep">Maipanggep iti Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sapasap_a_renunsia">Dagiti renunsia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dagiti agparparang-ay</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ilo.wikipedia.org">Estadistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ilo.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panagsurat&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile a panagkita</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-pqfbt","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.131","walltime":"0.332","ppvisitednodes":{"value":352,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":5323,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":508,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6571,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 183.693 1 -total"," 53.23% 97.785 1 Plantilia:Commonscat-inline"," 50.87% 93.450 1 Plantilia:Kabsat-nailinia"," 38.86% 71.380 1 Plantilia:Pungol"," 37.58% 69.036 1 Plantilia:Asbox"," 15.88% 29.169 2 Plantilia:Replace"," 7.76% 14.261 2 Plantilia:Reflist"," 4.79% 8.795 1 Plantilia:Preview_warning"," 0.94% 1.721 2 Plantilia:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.060","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1295872,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-szjw9","timestamp":"20241117124711","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Panagsurat","url":"https:\/\/ilo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panagsurat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37260","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37260","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-05-07T22:57:50Z","dateModified":"2018-05-31T07:18:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bf\/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-A-8773J-023.jpg","headline":"pannkairepresenta ti pagsasao babaen ti maysa a tekstual a pamay-an"}</script> </body> </html>