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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepache_(bebida_alcoh%C3%B3lica)" title="Tepache (bebida alcohólica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tepache (bebida alcohólica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tepache" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepache_(gastronomia)" title="Tepache (gastronomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tepache (gastronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9pach%C3%A9" title="Tépaché – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tépaché" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Тепаче – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тепаче" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89" title="تيباتشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيباتشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tepache" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Тепаче (напиток) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тепаче (напиток)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepache_(dryck)" title="Tepache (dryck) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tepache (dryck)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Тепаче – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тепаче" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1888644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pineapple-based fermented beverage</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora, see <a href="/wiki/Tepache,_Sonora" title="Tepache, Sonora">Tepache, Sonora</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Tepache</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TepacheStraw.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/TepacheStraw.JPG/250px-TepacheStraw.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/TepacheStraw.JPG/330px-TepacheStraw.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="3239" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A glass of cold tepache served at a <a href="/wiki/Taco_stand" title="Taco stand">taco stand</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tacubaya" title="Tacubaya">Tacubaya</a> neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverage">Beverage</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">cold</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panela" title="Panela">piloncillo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">added <a href="/wiki/Mexican_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican beer">beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tepache" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tepache">Media: Tepache</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tepache</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">fermented beverage</a> made from the peel and the rind of <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapples</a>, and is sweetened either with <i><a href="/wiki/Panela" title="Panela">piloncillo</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Brown_sugar" title="Brown sugar">brown sugar</a>. It is sometimes seasoned with <a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">chili powder</a> and served cold. Tepache is usually sold as a chilled drink by street vendors in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, stored in barrels to expedite the fermentation process. It is served either in a clay mug or in a clear plastic bag with a straw inserted for easier travel. In the U.S., it is sold in juice bars or traditional Mexican restaurants within <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a> communities of the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation process</a> for making tepache is simple and quick, making it a drink readily produced at home. Though tepache is fermented for several days, the resulting drink does not contain much alcohol. The fermentation process relies on naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> present on the pineapple peels and in the environment. The sugar serves as a nutrient source for these microbes, which produce <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, contributing to tepache's slight effervescence and tart flavor. </p><p>Tepache is fermented by different microorganisms. Bacteria, such as <i>Lactobacillus pentosus</i>, <i>L. paracasei</i>, <i>L. plantarum</i>, <i>L. lactis</i> and yeast from the genus <a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces" title="Saccharomyces">Saccharomyces</a> have been found in tepache.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For optimal fermentation, it is recommended to use unrefined sugar such as piloncillo, which enhances the flavor and color of the drink. Tap water should be filtered to remove chlorine, which can inhibit the fermentation process. In <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican culinary practice</a>, the alcoholic content of tepache may be increased with a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepache&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Tepache</i> dates from <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Mexico" title="Pre-Columbian Mexico">Pre-Columbian Mexico</a>, as a popular drink among the <a href="/wiki/Nahua_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahua people">Nahua</a> people of central Mexico; in the <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> (also known as Aztec) language, the word <span title="Nahuatl languages collective text"><i lang="nah">tepiātl</i></span> means 'drink made from corn'. Originally, corn (<a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>) was the base of tepache, but the contemporary recipe for tepache uses pineapple rinds as the foodstuff fermented to produce the tart drink that is <i>tepache</i>. Some varieties of tepache, known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tepache de tibicos</i></span>, are fermented using symbiotic cultures of <i><a href="/wiki/Tibicos" title="Tibicos">tibicos</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercialization">Commercialization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepache&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commercialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tepache" title="Special:EditPage/Tepache">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Because of the popularity of tepache in Mexico, the drink is now being produced commercially as a non-alcoholic drink. There are a few different brands of tepache including <i>Tepache</i> from the Frumex Corporation. The original Frumex Tepache contained 12% juice and was made from fermented skins and pulp along with some sugar, spices, and barley. That version was replaced with a newer version that contained only 10% juice and no barley. That one was made from only fermented pineapple juice, no skins or pulp. The latest version, now rebranded as Tepachito, still contains only 10% juice but it is made from fermented juice and skin, no barley. It does include white and brown sugar and spices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepache&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drink tepache is mentioned in the popular Spanish-language <a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">quebradita</a> song "<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">La Niña Fresa</span></span>" ('The Spoiled Girl'), by Banda Zeta, in which the spoiled-girl character is offered several types of drink—including tepache—yet she refuses them all, for being beneath her social status.<sup id="cite_ref-ninafresa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ninafresa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drink tepache is also mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Reyna" title="Cornelio Reyna">Cornelio Reyna</a>'s song "<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Botellitas</span></span>" about different bottles of alcohol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepache&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine" title="Indigenous cuisine">Indigenous cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_pi%C3%B1a" title="Chicha de piña">Chicha de piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a>, another lightly-fermented drink low in alcohol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a>, lightly-fermented tea drink</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepache&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLigenzaJakubczykKochmanJanda2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ligenza, Alicja; Jakubczyk, Karolina Patrycja; Kochman, Joanna; Janda, Katarzyna (2021-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monz.pl/Potencjal-prozdrowotny-i-sklad-mikrobiologiczny-fermentowanego-napoju-tepache,138713,0,2.html">"Health-promoting potential and microbial composition of fermented drink tepache"</a>. <i>Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu</i> (in Polish). <b>27</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">272–</span>276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26444%2Fmonz%2F138713">10.26444/monz/138713</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2083-4543">2083-4543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medycyna+Og%C3%B3lna+i+Nauki+o+Zdrowiu&rft.atitle=Health-promoting+potential+and+microbial+composition+of+fermented+drink+tepache&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E276&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26444%2Fmonz%2F138713&rft.issn=2083-4543&rft.aulast=Ligenza&rft.aufirst=Alicja&rft.au=Jakubczyk%2C+Karolina+Patrycja&rft.au=Kochman%2C+Joanna&rft.au=Janda%2C+Katarzyna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monz.pl%2FPotencjal-prozdrowotny-i-sklad-mikrobiologiczny-fermentowanego-napoju-tepache%2C138713%2C0%2C2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATepache" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVelázquez‐QuiñonesMoreno‐JiménezGallegos‐InfanteGonzález‐Laredo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Velázquez‐Quiñones, Sahian Enitze; Moreno‐Jiménez, Martha Rocío; Gallegos‐Infante, José Alberto; González‐Laredo, Rubén Francisco; Álvarez, Saúl Alberto; Rosales‐Villarreal, Mayra Cristina; Cervantes‐Cardoza, Verónica; Rocha‐Guzmán, Nuria Elizabeth (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfpp.15597">"Apple Tepache fermented with tibicos: Changes in chemical profiles, antioxidant activity and inhibition of digestive enzymes"</a>. <i>Journal of Food Processing and Preservation</i>. <b>45</b> (7). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjfpp.15597">10.1111/jfpp.15597</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235567051">235567051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Processing+and+Preservation&rft.atitle=Apple+Tepache+fermented+with+tibicos%3A+Changes+in+chemical+profiles%2C+antioxidant+activity+and+inhibition+of+digestive+enzymes&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjfpp.15597&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235567051%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vel%C3%A1zquez%E2%80%90Qui%C3%B1ones&rft.aufirst=Sahian+Enitze&rft.au=Moreno%E2%80%90Jim%C3%A9nez%2C+Martha+Roc%C3%ADo&rft.au=Gallegos%E2%80%90Infante%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Alberto&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%E2%80%90Laredo%2C+Rub%C3%A9n+Francisco&rft.au=%C3%81lvarez%2C+Sa%C3%BAl+Alberto&rft.au=Rosales%E2%80%90Villarreal%2C+Mayra+Cristina&rft.au=Cervantes%E2%80%90Cardoza%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica&rft.au=Rocha%E2%80%90Guzm%C3%A1n%2C+Nuria+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fifst.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fjfpp.15597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATepache" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ninafresa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ninafresa_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104054733/http://releaselyrics.com/c350/banda-zeta-la-chica-fresa">"La Chica Fresa Lyrics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.releaselyrics.com/c350/banda-zeta-la-chica-fresa/">the original</a> on 2014-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Chica+Fresa+Lyrics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.releaselyrics.com%2Fc350%2Fbanda-zeta-la-chica-fresa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATepache" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pineapples" title="Template:Pineapples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pineapples" title="Template talk:Pineapples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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