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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhang" title="Li Hongzhang">Li Hongzhang</a> or <a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Li_(surname_%E6%9D%8E)" title="Li (surname 李)">Li</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">Imperial tutor</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Li Hongzao</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Li_Hongzao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Li_Hongzao.jpg/220px-Li_Hongzao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Li_Hongzao.jpg/330px-Li_Hongzao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Li_Hongzao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_(Qing_dynasty)" title="Grand Council (Qing dynasty)">Grand Councillor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 November 1894 – 31 July 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Secretariat" title="Grand Secretariat">Assistant Grand Secretary</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 December 1896 – 31 July 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister of <a href="/wiki/Zongli_Yamen" title="Zongli Yamen">Zongli Yamen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 August 1895 – 31 July 1897</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel" title="Ministry of Personnel">Minister of Personnel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 December 1896 – 31 July 1897<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with Xijing</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xu_Tong" title="Xu Tong">Xu Tong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Jianai" title="Sun Jianai">Sun Jianai</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 March 1882 – 8 April 1884<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with Gengshou</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Wan Qingli</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Xu Tong</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of War (imperial China)">Minister of War</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 February 1881 – 13 March 1882<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with Gengshou (until 1881), Zhihe (since 1881)</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Shen Guifen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mao Changxi</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1820<br /><a href="/wiki/Gaoyang_County" title="Gaoyang County">Gaoyang County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhili" title="Zhili">Zhili</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 July 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-07-31)</span> (aged 76–77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinshi" title="Jinshi">Jinshi</a></i> degree in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Examination">Imperial Examination</a> (1852)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy name</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lansun (蘭孫)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shisun (石孫)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Wenzheng (文正)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Li Hongzao</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">李鴻藻</span>; 1820–31 July 1897), <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">styled</a> <b>Lansun</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">蘭孫</span>), <a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">pseudonym</a> <b>Shisun</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">石孫</span>), was a high government official towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. One of his sons was <a href="/wiki/Li_Shizeng" title="Li Shizeng">Li Shizeng</a>, a prominent politician in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Party">Chinese Nationalist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Relation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_career">Official career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Hongzao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Official career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li was born in <a href="/wiki/Gaoyang_County" title="Gaoyang County">Gaoyang County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhili" title="Zhili">Zhili</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> province. In 1861, the two dowagers empresses chose Li Hongzao, <a href="/wiki/Qi_Junzao" title="Qi Junzao">Qi Junzao</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weng_Xincun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weng Xincun (page does not exist)">Weng Xincun</a>, who were all Imperial teachers, to instruct the newly enthroned <a href="/wiki/Tongzhi_Emperor" title="Tongzhi Emperor">Tongzhi Emperor</a> in the classics. The Emperor, who was less than five years old at the time, displayed little or no interest in his studies, and would concentrate only when Li was instructing him. Li rose to be vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Revenue_(imperial_China)" title="Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)">Board of Revenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_chancellor_(China)" title="Grand chancellor (China)">Grand Councilor</a>, and in 1872 became head of the Board of Works. He then retired for a three-year period, 1877-1880, as required by custom and statute at the death of his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Fang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return to office, he resumed his post with the Grand Council and the <a href="/wiki/Zongli_Yamen" title="Zongli Yamen">Zongli Yamen</a>, which was in effect the dynasty's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1884, Li and all the Grand Councillors, such as <a href="/wiki/Prince_Gong" title="Prince Gong">Yixin</a>, who had been supported by the Empress Dowager, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi">Cixi</a>, were dismissed in a dispute with a group of conservative officials. He was gradually given permission to resume responsibilities, but often criticized for not carrying them out promptly. After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a> in 1894, he was given even greater duties, but died in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-Relation_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Fang_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Hongzao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Son: <a href="/wiki/Li_Shizeng" title="Li Shizeng">Li Shizeng</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Hongzao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Relation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Relation_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Relation_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Draft_History_of_Qing" title="Draft History of Qing">Draft History of Qing</a> - Biographies Chapter 223rd: 《清史稿·列傳二百二十三》：李鴻藻，字蘭孫，直隸高陽人。 ("Li Hongzao, Courtesy name Lansun, is from Gaoyang of <a href="/wiki/Zhili" title="Zhili">Zhili</a> Province.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fang-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fang_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fang_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChao-ying1943" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chao-ying, Fang (1943). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Li Hung-tsao"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period/Li_Hung-tsao">"Li Hung-tsao" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Hummel_Sr." title="Arthur W. Hummel Sr.">Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Eminent_Chinese_of_the_Ch%27ing_Period" title="Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period">Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period</a></i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. pp. 471–472.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Li+Hung-tsao&rft.btitle=Eminent+Chinese+of+the+Ch%27ing+Period&rft.pages=471-472&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Chao-ying&rft.aufirst=Fang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063440450">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1362297">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/99437/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjtbp9GRJckmVQhKRw6Kd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82128901">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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