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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">South Africa</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">35,008 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>South Africa</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/South_Africa">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58623745" data-work_id="58623745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58623745/_Its_a_Different_Condom_Lets_See_How_It_Works_Young_Mens_Reactions_to_and_Experiences_of_Female_Condom_Use_During_an_Intervention_Trial_in_South_Africa">“It's a Different Condom, Let's See How It Works”: Young Men's Reactions to and Experiences of Female Condom Use During an Intervention Trial in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although male partner cooperation is often essential for successful use of the female condom, only a few studies have directly assessed men&#39;s experiences of using the device. We examined barriers to and facilitators of female condom... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58623745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although male partner cooperation is often essential for successful use of the female condom, only a few studies have directly assessed men&#39;s experiences of using the device. We examined barriers to and facilitators of female condom use via qualitative in-depth interviews with 38 young men (18 to 28 years) in South Africa whose partners, all university students, were enrolled in a female condom intervention trial. In all, 21 men used the female condom; the remaining 17 did not attempt use. The main facilitators to female condom use were convenience of use for men, curiosity to see how female condoms compared to male condoms, enhanced sexual sensation, and perceptions of better safety and comfort of the device compared to male condoms. The main barriers were men&#39;s limited familiarity with the device, insertion difficulties, and men&#39;s concerns about loss of control over sexual encounters. We recommend that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and condom promotion ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58623745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43f2c2a9b5aad81829c5bd7e4203d3d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72944716,"asset_id":58623745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72944716/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57815084" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JMantell">J. Mantell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57815084" type="text/json">{"id":57815084,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Mantell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JMantell","display_name":"J. 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We examined barriers to and facilitators of female condom use via qualitative in-depth interviews with 38 young men (18 to 28 years) in South Africa whose partners, all university students, were enrolled in a female condom intervention trial. In all, 21 men used the female condom; the remaining 17 did not attempt use. The main facilitators to female condom use were convenience of use for men, curiosity to see how female condoms compared to male condoms, enhanced sexual sensation, and perceptions of better safety and comfort of the device compared to male condoms. The main barriers were men\u0026#39;s limited familiarity with the device, insertion difficulties, and men\u0026#39;s concerns about loss of control over sexual encounters. We recommend that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and condom promotion ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72944716,"asset_id":58623745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57815084,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Mantell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JMantell","display_name":"J. Mantell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JMantell?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=61866"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=61866"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":62436,"name":"Interviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews?f_ri=61866"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=61866"},{"id":111921,"name":"Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=61866"},{"id":129913,"name":"Attitudes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes?f_ri=61866"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=61866"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=61866"},{"id":3405109,"name":"The Sex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Sex?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31160437" data-work_id="31160437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31160437/Service_Learning_Business_School_Students_Working_for_the_Common_Good">Service-Learning: Business School Students Working for the Common Good</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although service-learning pedagogy is widely applied internationally, and has been shown to effectively incorporate the experiential element of adult learning, its application to business education in South Africa has been limited to less... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31160437" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although service-learning pedagogy is widely applied internationally, and has been shown to effectively incorporate the experiential element of adult learning, its application to business education in South Africa has been limited to less than a handful of studies. However, it is one of the most effective management development tools reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the student learning and community organization benefits from introducing service-learning into a Master of Business Leadership (MBL) programme in a South African University. Service-learning creates the opportunity for students to apply the theoretical knowledge of their discipline (marketing and operations management in this study) to real (usually Non-profit or Non-Governmental Organizations) workplaces, in this case special-needs schools in various African countries, to the benefit of the needy organizations. In this exploratory, action research case study, teams of MBL students embedded their theoretical learning through practical implementation of a fund-raising project, as well as showed the development of management and leadership competencies. The groups collectively raised South African Rands (ZAR) 1 811 128.57 (after expenses and excluding pledges) for the schools. The business school students reported high levels of personal growth, a strong sense of having developed as socially responsible citizens, an appreciation for practical learning methods and improved subject matter learning.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31160437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ffd4c5474a1d5823265f523fd818115c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51592226,"asset_id":31160437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51592226/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11604502" href="https://wits.academia.edu/TeresaCarmichael">Teresa Carmichael</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11604502" type="text/json">{"id":11604502,"first_name":"Teresa","last_name":"Carmichael","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TeresaCarmichael","display_name":"Teresa Carmichael","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TeresaCarmichael?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31160437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31160437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31160437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31160437", }); 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However, it is one of the most effective management development tools reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the student learning and community organization benefits from introducing service-learning into a Master of Business Leadership (MBL) programme in a South African University. Service-learning creates the opportunity for students to apply the theoretical knowledge of their discipline (marketing and operations management in this study) to real (usually Non-profit or Non-Governmental Organizations) workplaces, in this case special-needs schools in various African countries, to the benefit of the needy organizations. In this exploratory, action research case study, teams of MBL students embedded their theoretical learning through practical implementation of a fund-raising project, as well as showed the development of management and leadership competencies. The groups collectively raised South African Rands (ZAR) 1 811 128.57 (after expenses and excluding pledges) for the schools. The business school students reported high levels of personal growth, a strong sense of having developed as socially responsible citizens, an appreciation for practical learning methods and improved subject matter learning.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51592226,"asset_id":31160437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11604502,"first_name":"Teresa","last_name":"Carmichael","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"TeresaCarmichael","display_name":"Teresa Carmichael","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/TeresaCarmichael?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4901,"name":"Service Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Learning?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":74993,"name":"Management of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_of_Education?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1623037,"name":"Business School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_School?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33620977" data-work_id="33620977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33620977/Mega_Events_in_Emerging_Nations_and_the_Festivalization_of_the_Urban_Backstage_The_Cases_of_Brazil_and_South_Africa">Mega-Events in Emerging Nations and the Festivalization of the Urban Backstage: The Cases of Brazil and South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33620977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="716814b403bfaf9306399af74f79debb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53636756,"asset_id":33620977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53636756/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil">Brazil</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9821" type="text/json">{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33620977]'), work: {"id":33620977,"title":"Mega-Events in Emerging Nations and the Festivalization of the Urban Backstage: The Cases of Brazil and South 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14504637]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14504637").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14504637").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14504637"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" 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Nahman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonNahman?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":21963,"name":"Solid Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_Waste_Management?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":51188,"name":"Infrastructure Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrastructure_Development?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1816095,"name":"Cost Recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Recovery?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10009043" data-work_id="10009043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10009043/Rap_graffiti_and_social_media_in_South_Africa_today">Rap, graffiti and social media in South Africa today</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hip-hop in South Africa has been on a roller coaster ride since its emergence as a protest tool among non-white youths against apartheid in the early 1980s. Although the collapse of apartheid in the early 1990s opened up an era of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10009043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hip-hop in South Africa has been on a <br />roller coaster ride since its emergence as <br />a protest tool among non-white youths <br />against apartheid in the early 1980s. <br />Although the collapse of apartheid in <br />the early 1990s opened up an era of <br />commercialisation which ultimately <br />suppressed its “protest” feature, it has again <br />resurfaced reflecting the social hills of the <br />post-apartheid era, such as class struggles <br />and imbalances, corruption, HIV, violence, <br />racism and poverty.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10009043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b976f7c81fdebc0078c27076470f5c57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36145954,"asset_id":10009043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36145954/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24364492" href="https://johannesburg.academia.edu/ItunuBodunrin">Itunu Bodunrin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24364492" type="text/json">{"id":24364492,"first_name":"Itunu","last_name":"Bodunrin","domain_name":"johannesburg","page_name":"ItunuBodunrin","display_name":"Itunu Bodunrin","profile_url":"https://johannesburg.academia.edu/ItunuBodunrin?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24364492/6570630/7428956/s65_itunu.bodunrin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10009043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10009043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies">Minority Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9547" type="text/json">{"id":9547,"name":"Minority Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip-Hop_Rap">Hip-Hop/Rap</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14904" type="text/json">{"id":14904,"name":"Hip-Hop/Rap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip-Hop_Rap?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21346" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti">Graffiti</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21346" type="text/json">{"id":21346,"name":"Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10009043]'), work: {"id":10009043,"title":"Rap, graffiti and social media in South Africa today","created_at":"2015-01-04T23:21:54.571-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10009043/Rap_graffiti_and_social_media_in_South_Africa_today?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_10009043","summary":"Hip-hop in South Africa has been on a\r\nroller coaster ride since its emergence as\r\na protest tool among non-white youths\r\nagainst apartheid in the early 1980s.\r\nAlthough the collapse of apartheid in\r\nthe early 1990s opened up an era of\r\ncommercialisation which ultimately\r\nsuppressed its “protest” feature, it has again\r\nresurfaced reflecting the social hills of the\r\npost-apartheid era, such as class struggles\r\nand imbalances, corruption, HIV, violence,\r\nracism and poverty.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36145954,"asset_id":10009043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24364492,"first_name":"Itunu","last_name":"Bodunrin","domain_name":"johannesburg","page_name":"ItunuBodunrin","display_name":"Itunu Bodunrin","profile_url":"https://johannesburg.academia.edu/ItunuBodunrin?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24364492/6570630/7428956/s65_itunu.bodunrin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":9547,"name":"Minority Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Studies?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":14904,"name":"Hip-Hop/Rap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip-Hop_Rap?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":21346,"name":"Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":34139,"name":"Hip-Hop Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip-Hop_Studies?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":103711,"name":"Hip hop","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip_hop?f_ri=61866"},{"id":131068,"name":"Hip Hop Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hip_Hop_Culture?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34177715" data-work_id="34177715" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34177715/Organised_crime_and_the_liberation_struggle_in_late_apartheid_Ermelo">Organised crime and the liberation struggle in late apartheid Ermelo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Township crime is an emerging area of research in South African history and this study attempts to extend its focus beyond the major metropolitan centres to the Mpumalanga town of Ermelo in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Drawing upon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34177715" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Township crime is an emerging area of research in South African history and this study attempts to extend its focus beyond the major metropolitan centres to the Mpumalanga town of Ermelo in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Drawing upon Truth and Reconciliation Commission interviews and Thabo Israel Pudi's recently published collection of narratives, this study examines the circumstances which led the Anti-Crime Committee to be converted into Inkatha vigilantes: the Black Cats. The ANC's attitude to organised crime, interpreted by activists on the ground, was torn between principled opposition and the pragmatic requirement to access its resources. An initial strategy of assassination and negotiation was discarded by the liberation movement as a result of its very success, as Black Cat defectors and external militants contributed to the escalation in violence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34177715" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b236b7ad3a6a2213d9d2cd38dbc47a74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54097228,"asset_id":34177715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54097228/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52161210" href="https://lse.academia.edu/DanielFrost">Daniel Frost</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52161210" type="text/json">{"id":52161210,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Frost","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"DanielFrost","display_name":"Daniel Frost","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/DanielFrost?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52161210/15087485/97359124/s65_daniel.frost.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34177715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34177715"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34177715, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34177715", }); 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Drawing upon Truth and Reconciliation Commission interviews and Thabo Israel Pudi's recently published collection of narratives, this study examines the circumstances which led the Anti-Crime Committee to be converted into Inkatha vigilantes: the Black Cats. The ANC's attitude to organised crime, interpreted by activists on the ground, was torn between principled opposition and the pragmatic requirement to access its resources. An initial strategy of assassination and negotiation was discarded by the liberation movement as a result of its very success, as Black Cat defectors and external militants contributed to the escalation in violence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54097228,"asset_id":34177715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52161210,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Frost","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"DanielFrost","display_name":"Daniel Frost","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/DanielFrost?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52161210/15087485/97359124/s65_daniel.frost.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":3896,"name":"African 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9011225/Steve_Biko_s_death_the_role_of_medicine_law_and_their_organised_professions">Steve Biko’s death: the role of medicine, law and their organised professions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9011225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="341a0e93e54104a7bb512eb6d293a8a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35321988,"asset_id":9011225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35321988/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11419404" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/NicoBuitendag">Nico Buitendag</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11419404" type="text/json">{"id":11419404,"first_name":"Nico","last_name":"Buitendag","domain_name":"ufs","page_name":"NicoBuitendag","display_name":"Nico Buitendag","profile_url":"https://ufs.academia.edu/NicoBuitendag?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11419404/3329969/21060302/s65_nico.buitendag.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-9011225">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-9011225"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RossouwServaas">Rossouw Servaas</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-9011225'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-9011225').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9011225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9011225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9011225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9011225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9011225").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9011225").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9011225"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1652" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law">Medical Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1652" type="text/json">{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Profession">Legal Profession</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2144" type="text/json">{"id":2144,"name":"Legal Profession","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Profession?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9011225]'), work: {"id":9011225,"title":"Steve Biko’s death: the role of medicine, law and their organised professions","created_at":"2014-10-29T02:15:32.629-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9011225/Steve_Biko_s_death_the_role_of_medicine_law_and_their_organised_professions?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_9011225","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35321988,"asset_id":9011225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11419404,"first_name":"Nico","last_name":"Buitendag","domain_name":"ufs","page_name":"NicoBuitendag","display_name":"Nico Buitendag","profile_url":"https://ufs.academia.edu/NicoBuitendag?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11419404/3329969/21060302/s65_nico.buitendag.jpg"},{"id":39663823,"first_name":"Rossouw","last_name":"Servaas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RossouwServaas","display_name":"Rossouw Servaas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RossouwServaas?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1652,"name":"Medical Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":2144,"name":"Legal Profession","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Profession?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=61866"},{"id":9730,"name":"Apartheid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apartheid?f_ri=61866"},{"id":9939,"name":"Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torture?f_ri=61866"},{"id":12501,"name":"Negligence (Medical Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence_Medical_Law_?f_ri=61866"},{"id":18951,"name":"Democratic Participation and Struggles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Participation_and_Struggles?f_ri=61866"},{"id":27995,"name":"Medical Complicity in Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Complicity_in_Torture?f_ri=61866"},{"id":35566,"name":"State Complicity in Torture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Complicity_in_Torture?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":100552,"name":"Medical Law and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Law_and_Ethics?f_ri=61866"},{"id":134561,"name":"Legal Ethics/professional Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Ethics_professional_Responsibility?f_ri=61866"},{"id":191771,"name":"Police Brutality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Brutality?f_ri=61866"},{"id":235711,"name":"Coroner's inquests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coroners_inquests?f_ri=61866"},{"id":330129,"name":"Steve Biko","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steve_Biko?f_ri=61866"},{"id":478191,"name":"Medical Profession","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Profession?f_ri=61866"},{"id":784287,"name":"Post-apartheid Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-apartheid_Jurisprudence?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1048131,"name":"Legal Professional Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Professional_Competence?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41665251" data-work_id="41665251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41665251/CONFER%C3%8ANCIA_INTERNACIONAL_E_INTERDISCIPLINAR_RELIGI%C3%95ES_AFRICANAS_E_AFRODIASP%C3%93RICAS_GLOBAIS_International_Interdisciplinary_Conference_Global_African_Indigenous_and_Derived_Religions">CONFERÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL E INTERDISCIPLINAR RELIGIÕES AFRICANAS E AFRODIASPÓRICAS GLOBAIS - International, Interdisciplinary Conference Global African Indigenous and Derived Religions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The 2nd Global African Indigenous and Derived Religions Conference provided a platform for scholars of African Indigenous Religions and African-derived religions to critically appraise the status, nature and role of global African... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41665251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The 2nd Global African Indigenous and Derived Religions Conference provided a platform for scholars of African Indigenous Religions and African-derived religions to critically appraise the status, nature and role of global African Indigenous and Derived Religions, bringing together academics, practitioners and 'activists' in civil society, from Africa and the Afro-American diaspora with special emphasis on Brazil, as one of the major countries of African culture. This aimed to provide a forum for trans-Atlantic exchange, also in the southern hemisphere, which is very neccesary. The conference encouraged research and explored avenues for the documentation and preservation of African indigenous and derived religions, both as a matter of intrinsic value as with regard to their lasting influence on Christianity, Islam and on Esotericism in the 'West'. The special importance of the study of Africa Indigenous Religion - in the forms it has developed in Africa and in the Americas - for the affirmation and further development of African and Afro-Descendant identities, in terms of politics of identity in many fields has been recognized.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41665251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="387e621ee7554d3ab08474f4dbba45df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61820438,"asset_id":41665251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61820438/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1027172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UllrichKleinhempel">Ullrich R . Kleinhempel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1027172" type="text/json">{"id":1027172,"first_name":"Ullrich","last_name":"Kleinhempel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UllrichKleinhempel","display_name":"Ullrich R . Kleinhempel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UllrichKleinhempel?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1027172/8935654/66488457/s65_ullrich.kleinhempel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41665251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41665251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41665251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41665251", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41665251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41665251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41665251"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41665251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41665251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41665251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41665251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41665251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41665251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41665251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1225" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Philosophy">African Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1225" type="text/json">{"id":1225,"name":"African Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Philosophy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41665251]'), work: {"id":41665251,"title":"CONFERÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL E INTERDISCIPLINAR RELIGIÕES AFRICANAS E AFRODIASPÓRICAS GLOBAIS - International, Interdisciplinary Conference Global African Indigenous and Derived Religions","created_at":"2020-01-18T02:31:16.101-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41665251/CONFER%C3%8ANCIA_INTERNACIONAL_E_INTERDISCIPLINAR_RELIGI%C3%95ES_AFRICANAS_E_AFRODIASP%C3%93RICAS_GLOBAIS_International_Interdisciplinary_Conference_Global_African_Indigenous_and_Derived_Religions?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_41665251","summary":"The 2nd Global African Indigenous and Derived Religions Conference provided a platform for scholars of African Indigenous Religions and African-derived religions to critically appraise the status, nature and role of global African Indigenous and Derived Religions, bringing together academics, practitioners and 'activists' in civil society, from Africa and the Afro-American diaspora with special emphasis on Brazil, as one of the major countries of African culture. This aimed to provide a forum for trans-Atlantic exchange, also in the southern hemisphere, which is very neccesary. The conference encouraged research and explored avenues for the documentation and preservation of African indigenous and derived religions, both as a matter of intrinsic value as with regard to their lasting influence on Christianity, Islam and on Esotericism in the 'West'. The special importance of the study of Africa Indigenous Religion - in the forms it has developed in Africa and in the Americas - for the affirmation and further development of African and Afro-Descendant identities, in terms of politics of identity in many fields has been recognized. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61820438,"asset_id":41665251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1027172,"first_name":"Ullrich","last_name":"Kleinhempel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UllrichKleinhempel","display_name":"Ullrich R . Kleinhempel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UllrichKleinhempel?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1027172/8935654/66488457/s65_ullrich.kleinhempel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1225,"name":"African Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Philosophy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=61866"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=61866"},{"id":14069,"name":"Religious Syncretism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Syncretism?f_ri=61866"},{"id":34254,"name":"Afro-Brazilian Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afro-Brazilian_Culture?f_ri=61866"},{"id":45296,"name":"Umbanda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Umbanda?f_ri=61866"},{"id":45990,"name":"Religion and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Culture?f_ri=61866"},{"id":60357,"name":"Western Esotericism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Esotericism?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":339161,"name":"Politics of Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Identity?f_ri=61866"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=61866"},{"id":3523369,"name":"Bantu Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bantu_Culture?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15789155" data-work_id="15789155" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15789155/A_basic_comparative_analysis_of_the_Civil_Engineering_curricula_offered_at_six_South_African_Universities_with_focus_on_the_presence_of_creativity_within_the_modules_taught">A basic, comparative analysis of the Civil Engineering curricula offered at six South African Universities, with focus on the presence of creativity within the modules taught</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">South Africa, as well as the rest of the world, is in dire need of a new breed of engineer. The envisaged form of this engineer is one that allows engineers to apply their skills in playing a pivotal role in solving some of the world’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15789155" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">South Africa, as well as the rest of the world, is in dire need of a new breed of engineer. The envisaged form of this engineer is one that allows engineers to apply their skills in playing a pivotal role in solving some of the world’s biggest problems. Within the engineering industry, there is an increasing amount of pressure on engineering graduates to possess innovative qualities and attributes that will enable them to creatively solve engineering problems. This has led scholars to believe that creativity is the integral characteristic required to produce this new mould of engineer. This study evaluates the objectives set by engineering schools for their graduates to be more innovative versus the presence or focus of creative content in their actual curricula. It looks at the curricula offered at six South African engineering schools and explores the evidence presented in each case.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15789155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a37bcd5a8b3b4308ba2cfc50f358151" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796167,"asset_id":15789155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796167/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12107064" href="https://vegaschool.academia.edu/SenzoXulu">Senzo Xulu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12107064" type="text/json">{"id":12107064,"first_name":"Senzo","last_name":"Xulu","domain_name":"vegaschool","page_name":"SenzoXulu","display_name":"Senzo Xulu","profile_url":"https://vegaschool.academia.edu/SenzoXulu?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12107064/5695447/66373421/s65_senzo.xulu.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15789155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15789155"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15789155, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15789155", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15789155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15789155; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15789155"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15789155 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15789155"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15789155; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15789155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15789155").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15789155").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15789155"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1751" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity">Creativity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1751" type="text/json">{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15789155]'), work: {"id":15789155,"title":"A basic, comparative analysis of the Civil Engineering curricula offered at six South African Universities, with focus on the presence of creativity within the modules taught","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:11:23.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15789155/A_basic_comparative_analysis_of_the_Civil_Engineering_curricula_offered_at_six_South_African_Universities_with_focus_on_the_presence_of_creativity_within_the_modules_taught?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_15789155","summary":"South Africa, as well as the rest of the world, is in dire need of a new breed of engineer. The envisaged form of this engineer is one that allows engineers to apply their skills in playing a pivotal role in solving some of the world’s biggest problems. Within the engineering industry, there is an increasing amount of pressure on engineering graduates to possess innovative qualities and attributes that will enable them to creatively solve engineering problems. This has led scholars to believe that creativity is the integral characteristic required to produce this new mould of engineer. This study evaluates the objectives set by engineering schools for their graduates to be more innovative versus the presence or focus of creative content in their actual curricula. It looks at the curricula offered at six South African engineering schools and explores the evidence presented in each case.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38796167,"asset_id":15789155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12107064,"first_name":"Senzo","last_name":"Xulu","domain_name":"vegaschool","page_name":"SenzoXulu","display_name":"Senzo Xulu","profile_url":"https://vegaschool.academia.edu/SenzoXulu?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12107064/5695447/66373421/s65_senzo.xulu.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28721794" data-work_id="28721794" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28721794/Confronting_the_settler_legacy_Indigenisation_and_transformation_in_South_Africa_and_Zimbabwe">Confronting the settler legacy: Indigenisation and transformation in South Africa and Zimbabwe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28721794" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33764" href="https://qub.academia.edu/StefanAndreasson">Stefan Andreasson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33764" type="text/json">{"id":33764,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Andreasson","domain_name":"qub","page_name":"StefanAndreasson","display_name":"Stefan Andreasson","profile_url":"https://qub.academia.edu/StefanAndreasson?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33764/11017/101202352/s65_stefan.andreasson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28721794 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28721794"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28721794, container: 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28721794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28721794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28721794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28721794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Policy">Cultural Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1125" type="text/json">{"id":1125,"name":"Cultural Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Policy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3661" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3661" type="text/json">{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28721794]'), work: {"id":28721794,"title":"Confronting the settler legacy: Indigenisation and transformation in South Africa and Zimbabwe","created_at":"2016-09-26T05:33:17.006-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28721794/Confronting_the_settler_legacy_Indigenisation_and_transformation_in_South_Africa_and_Zimbabwe?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_28721794","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49128521,"asset_id":28721794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33764,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Andreasson","domain_name":"qub","page_name":"StefanAndreasson","display_name":"Stefan Andreasson","profile_url":"https://qub.academia.edu/StefanAndreasson?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33764/11017/101202352/s65_stefan.andreasson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1125,"name":"Cultural Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Policy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":5348,"name":"Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformation?f_ri=61866"},{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=61866"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":193239,"name":"Cultural value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_value?f_ri=61866"},{"id":297969,"name":"Indigenisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenisation?f_ri=61866"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=61866"},{"id":387754,"name":"Social Acceptance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Acceptance?f_ri=61866"},{"id":528205,"name":"Majority rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Majority_rule?f_ri=61866"},{"id":608001,"name":"Black Economic Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Economic_Empowerment?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18904693" data-work_id="18904693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18904693/Fusarium_dimerum_as_a_cause_of_human_eye_infections">Fusarium dimerum as a cause of human eye infections</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18904693" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba886565a46ef15dfdafb945f57d712f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40320976,"asset_id":18904693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40320976/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32891316" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HesterVismer">Hester Vismer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32891316" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28594" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Mycology">Medical Mycology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28594" type="text/json">{"id":28594,"name":"Medical Mycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Mycology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18904693]'), work: {"id":18904693,"title":"Fusarium dimerum as a cause of human eye infections","created_at":"2015-11-24T00:02:36.092-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18904693/Fusarium_dimerum_as_a_cause_of_human_eye_infections?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_18904693","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40320976,"asset_id":18904693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32891316,"first_name":"Hester","last_name":"Vismer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HesterVismer","display_name":"Hester 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class="summarized">This PhD thesis engenders new approaches to the understanding, appreciation, and experience of modern and contemporary ceramic art. It focusses on two recent outputs. The initial, Scorched Earth: 100 Years of Southern African Potteries... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44064713" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This PhD thesis engenders new approaches to the understanding, appreciation, and experience of modern and contemporary ceramic art. It focusses on two recent outputs. The initial, Scorched Earth: 100 Years of Southern African Potteries (2016), a scholarly publication, and the latter, Post-colonialism? (2016/2017), a socially-engaged international exhibition, held at the Benyamini Contemporary Ceramics Centre in Tel Aviv, Israel. The moral philosophy ubuntu was proposed as a component of self-reflexive methodology for research and curatorial projects. The term cryrator was advanced as constituting an approach to curatorial praxis in conflict zones. These concepts make an original contribution to existing methodologies and research that historicise, de-westernise, and decolonise knowledge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44064713" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec933c189a42b75516ceb0a842359054" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64408060,"asset_id":44064713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64408060/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="403991" href="https://sunderland.academia.edu/WendyGersPhD">Wendy A Gers (PhD)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="403991" type="text/json">{"id":403991,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Gers (PhD)","domain_name":"sunderland","page_name":"WendyGersPhD","display_name":"Wendy A Gers (PhD)","profile_url":"https://sunderland.academia.edu/WendyGersPhD?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/403991/126712/36311901/s65_wendy.gers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44064713 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44064713"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44064713, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44064713", }); 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(2019). Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. In A. Fynn, S. Laher and S. Kramer (Eds) Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. (pp.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38638450" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archer, E.  (2019). Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. In A. Fynn, S. Laher and S. Kramer (Eds) Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. (pp. 317-336). Wits University Press, Johannesburg (978-1-77614-276-7) <a href="http://oapen.org/search?identifier=1004359" rel="nofollow">http://oapen.org/search?identifier=1004359</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38638450" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a565180e34d366831184bb127d44a09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58716136,"asset_id":38638450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58716136/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114604" href="https://uwc.academia.edu/ElizabethArcher">Prof Elizabeth (Liz) Archer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114604" type="text/json">{"id":114604,"first_name":"Prof Elizabeth (Liz)","last_name":"Archer","domain_name":"uwc","page_name":"ElizabethArcher","display_name":"Prof Elizabeth (Liz) Archer","profile_url":"https://uwc.academia.edu/ElizabethArcher?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114604/16253438/16667618/s65_elizabeth.archer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38638450 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38638450"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38638450, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38638450", }); 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(2019). Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. In A. Fynn, S. Laher and S. Kramer (Eds) Transforming Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Case studies from South Africa. (pp. 317-336). Wits University Press, Johannesburg (978-1-77614-276-7) http://oapen.org/search?identifier=1004359","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58716136,"asset_id":38638450,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114604,"first_name":"Prof Elizabeth (Liz)","last_name":"Archer","domain_name":"uwc","page_name":"ElizabethArcher","display_name":"Prof Elizabeth (Liz) Archer","profile_url":"https://uwc.academia.edu/ElizabethArcher?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114604/16253438/16667618/s65_elizabeth.archer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":751468,"name":"Research Methodolgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodolgy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43368614" data-work_id="43368614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43368614/The_impact_of_Brexit_on_Africa_in_times_of_the_Corona_Crisis_The_case_of_South_Africa_Nigeria_Ghana_and_Kenya">The impact of Brexit on Africa in times of the Corona Crisis : The case of South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Although Britain has been so far the hardest hit among the EU member states by the corona pandemic, Johnson persists to leave the EU at the end of 2020, whatever the cost. Presumably, the pandemic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43368614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Although Britain has been so far the hardest hit among the EU member states by the corona pandemic, Johnson persists to leave the EU at the end of 2020, whatever the cost. Presumably, the pandemic will have a by far bigger impact on the UK African trade than a no-deal Brexit. In Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa had been arguably the hardest hit country both by Brexit and Corona. However, the poor, mainly working in the informal sector, were more concerned about the economic impact of the pandemic than the disease itself. In Nigeria, many people envisaged Corona as a plague of the rich and the elite. President Buhari shared the hubris of many British that they are less vulnerable to the pandemic and could continue with high-flying Post-Brexit plans. Ghana counts among those countries in Sub-Sahara Africa which has been most severely hit by the corona pandemic. But unlike South Africa and Nigeria, the direct effects of the pandemic on the downturn of its economy are not as significant as in other African states. In Kenya the number of corona-death had been much lower than for the SARS pandemic of 2003, but the transmission of the COVID-19 virus had been significantly greater. Nevertheless, many Kenyan’s saw the Brexit as a disguised blessing because they pined their hope on massive FDI by UK investors. In any case, it is clear beyond doubt that those who are to suffer most by the combined effects of the corona-pandemic and Brexit in Africa (and presumably world-wide) are the poor and vulnerable. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : Bien que la Grande-Bretagne ait jusqu'à présent été la plus durement touchée par la pandémie corona parmi les États membres de l'UE, Johnson persiste à quitter l'UE fin 2020, quel qu'en soit le coût. Vraisemblablement, la pandémie aura un impact beaucoup plus important sur le commerce africain du Royaume-Uni qu'un Brexit sans accord. En Afrique subsaharienne, l'Afrique du Sud a probablement été le pays le plus durement touché par le Brexit et Corona. Cependant, les pauvres, travaillant principalement dans le secteur informel, étaient plus préoccupés par l'impact économique de la pandémie que par la maladie elle-même. Au Nigéria, beaucoup de gens considéraient Corona comme un fléau pour les riches et l'élite. Le président Buhari a partagé l'orgueil de nombreux Britanniques selon lesquels ils sont moins vulnérables à la pandémie et pourraient continuer avec des plans de haut vol après le Brexit. Le Ghana compte parmi les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne qui ont été les plus durement touchés par la pandémie de corona. Mais contrairement à l'Afrique du Sud et au Nigéria, les effets directs de la pandémie sur le ralentissement de son économie ne sont pas aussi importants que dans d'autres États africains. Au Kenya, le nombre de décès par effet corona a été beaucoup plus faible que pour la pandémie de SRAS de 2003, mais la transmission du virus COVID-19 a été nettement plus importante. Néanmoins, de nombreux Kenyans ont vu le Brexit comme une bénédiction déguisée car ils portaient leur espoir sur le IDE massif des investisseurs britanniques. En tout état de cause, il est clair, sans aucun doute, que ceux qui souffriront le plus des effets combinés de la pandémie corona et du Brexit en Afrique (et vraisemblablement dans le monde entier) sont les pauvres et les vulnérables. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Obwohl Großbritannien unter den EU-Mitgliedstaaten bislang am stärksten von der Koronapandemie betroffen war, besteht Johnson weiterhin darauf, die EU Ende 2020 zu verlassen, unabhängig von den Kosten. Vermutlich wird die Pandemie einen weitaus größeren Einfluss auf den afrikanischen Handel im Vereinigten Königreich haben als ein No-Deal-Brexit. In Afrika südlich der Sahara war Südafrika sowohl vom Brexit als auch von Corona das vermutlich am stärksten betroffene Land. Die Armen, die hauptsächlich im informellen Sektor tätig sind, waren jedoch mehr besorgt über die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Pandemie als über die Krankheit selbst. In Nigeria stellten sich viele Menschen Corona als Plage der Reichen und der Elite vor. Präsident Buhari teilte die Hybris vieler Briten, dass sie weniger anfällig für die Pandemie sind und mit hochfliegenden Plänen nach dem Brexit fortfahren könnten. Ghana zählt zu den Ländern in Subsahara-Afrika, die ebenfalls mit am stärksten von der Koronapandemie betroffen sind. Im Gegensatz zu Südafrika und Nigeria sind die direkten Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den wirtschaftlichen Abschwung jedoch nicht so bedeutend wie in anderen afrikanischen Staaten. In Kenia war die Zahl der Koronatoten viel geringer als bei der SARS-Pandemie von 2003, aber die Übertragung des COVID-19-Virus war signifikant höher. Dennoch sahen viele Kenianer den Brexit als verschleierten Segen an, weil sie ihre Hoffnung auf massive ausländische Direktinvestitionen britischer Investoren setzten. In jeden Fall ist klar, dass diejenigen, die am meisten unter den kombinierten Auswirkungen der Koronapandemie und des Brexit in Afrika (und vermutlich weltweit) leiden müssen, die Armen und Verletzlichen sind</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43368614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e4742c99ddce18fd4fbf7031bade532" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67322265,"asset_id":43368614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67322265/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11457743" href="https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/KohnertDirk">Dirk F . 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Presumably, the pandemic will have a by far bigger impact on the UK African trade than a no-deal Brexit. In Sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa had been arguably the hardest hit country both by Brexit and Corona. However, the poor, mainly working in the informal sector, were more concerned about the economic impact of the pandemic than the disease itself. In Nigeria, many people envisaged Corona as a plague of the rich and the elite. President Buhari shared the hubris of many British that they are less vulnerable to the pandemic and could continue with high-flying Post-Brexit plans. Ghana counts among those countries in Sub-Sahara Africa which has been most severely hit by the corona pandemic. But unlike South Africa and Nigeria, the direct effects of the pandemic on the downturn of its economy are not as significant as in other African states. In Kenya the number of corona-death had been much lower than for the SARS pandemic of 2003, but the transmission of the COVID-19 virus had been significantly greater. Nevertheless, many Kenyan’s saw the Brexit as a disguised blessing because they pined their hope on massive FDI by UK investors. In any case, it is clear beyond doubt that those who are to suffer most by the combined effects of the corona-pandemic and Brexit in Africa (and presumably world-wide) are the poor and vulnerable. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : Bien que la Grande-Bretagne ait jusqu'à présent été la plus durement touchée par la pandémie corona parmi les États membres de l'UE, Johnson persiste à quitter l'UE fin 2020, quel qu'en soit le coût. Vraisemblablement, la pandémie aura un impact beaucoup plus important sur le commerce africain du Royaume-Uni qu'un Brexit sans accord. En Afrique subsaharienne, l'Afrique du Sud a probablement été le pays le plus durement touché par le Brexit et Corona. Cependant, les pauvres, travaillant principalement dans le secteur informel, étaient plus préoccupés par l'impact économique de la pandémie que par la maladie elle-même. Au Nigéria, beaucoup de gens considéraient Corona comme un fléau pour les riches et l'élite. Le président Buhari a partagé l'orgueil de nombreux Britanniques selon lesquels ils sont moins vulnérables à la pandémie et pourraient continuer avec des plans de haut vol après le Brexit. Le Ghana compte parmi les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne qui ont été les plus durement touchés par la pandémie de corona. Mais contrairement à l'Afrique du Sud et au Nigéria, les effets directs de la pandémie sur le ralentissement de son économie ne sont pas aussi importants que dans d'autres États africains. Au Kenya, le nombre de décès par effet corona a été beaucoup plus faible que pour la pandémie de SRAS de 2003, mais la transmission du virus COVID-19 a été nettement plus importante. Néanmoins, de nombreux Kenyans ont vu le Brexit comme une bénédiction déguisée car ils portaient leur espoir sur le IDE massif des investisseurs britanniques. En tout état de cause, il est clair, sans aucun doute, que ceux qui souffriront le plus des effets combinés de la pandémie corona et du Brexit en Afrique (et vraisemblablement dans le monde entier) sont les pauvres et les vulnérables. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Obwohl Großbritannien unter den EU-Mitgliedstaaten bislang am stärksten von der Koronapandemie betroffen war, besteht Johnson weiterhin darauf, die EU Ende 2020 zu verlassen, unabhängig von den Kosten. Vermutlich wird die Pandemie einen weitaus größeren Einfluss auf den afrikanischen Handel im Vereinigten Königreich haben als ein No-Deal-Brexit. In Afrika südlich der Sahara war Südafrika sowohl vom Brexit als auch von Corona das vermutlich am stärksten betroffene Land. Die Armen, die hauptsächlich im informellen Sektor tätig sind, waren jedoch mehr besorgt über die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Pandemie als über die Krankheit selbst. In Nigeria stellten sich viele Menschen Corona als Plage der Reichen und der Elite vor. Präsident Buhari teilte die Hybris vieler Briten, dass sie weniger anfällig für die Pandemie sind und mit hochfliegenden Plänen nach dem Brexit fortfahren könnten. Ghana zählt zu den Ländern in Subsahara-Afrika, die ebenfalls mit am stärksten von der Koronapandemie betroffen sind. Im Gegensatz zu Südafrika und Nigeria sind die direkten Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf den wirtschaftlichen Abschwung jedoch nicht so bedeutend wie in anderen afrikanischen Staaten. In Kenia war die Zahl der Koronatoten viel geringer als bei der SARS-Pandemie von 2003, aber die Übertragung des COVID-19-Virus war signifikant höher. Dennoch sahen viele Kenianer den Brexit als verschleierten Segen an, weil sie ihre Hoffnung auf massive ausländische Direktinvestitionen britischer Investoren setzten. In jeden Fall ist klar, dass diejenigen, die am meisten unter den kombinierten Auswirkungen der Koronapandemie und des Brexit in Afrika (und vermutlich weltweit) leiden müssen, die Armen und Verletzlichen sind","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67322265,"asset_id":43368614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11457743,"first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Kohnert","domain_name":"giga-hamburg","page_name":"KohnertDirk","display_name":"Dirk F . 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perceptions of corruption and integrity management at three Gauteng SAPS stations in 2009</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7782819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="597004f2ab5c25b1939b3e7da249a6de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34292935,"asset_id":7782819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="346759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Corruption">Police Corruption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="346759" type="text/json">{"id":346759,"name":"Police Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Corruption?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7782819]'), work: {"id":7782819,"title":"Inside view: Police officials’ perceptions of corruption and integrity management at three Gauteng SAPS stations in 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Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":346759,"name":"Police Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Corruption?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_663159" data-work_id="663159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/663159/Africa_for_Africans_or_Africa_for_Natives_Only_New_Nationalism_and_Nativism_in_Zimbabwe_and_South_Africa_2009_Afrika_f%C3%BCr_Afrikaner_oder_Afrika_nur_f%C3%BCr_">Africa for Africans or Africa for Natives Only?New Nationalism and Nativism in Zimbabwe and South Africa (2009). Afrika für Afrikaner oder Afrika nur für …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/663159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e83048be17f1ac1d2460dc935b687fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51306823,"asset_id":663159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51306823/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="142396" href="https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/SabeloJNdlovuGatsheni">Sabelo J Ndlovu-Gatsheni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142396" type="text/json">{"id":142396,"first_name":"Sabelo J","last_name":"Ndlovu-Gatsheni","domain_name":"uni-bayreuth","page_name":"SabeloJNdlovuGatsheni","display_name":"Sabelo J Ndlovu-Gatsheni","profile_url":"https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/SabeloJNdlovuGatsheni?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142396/100545/118660/s65_sabelo.ndlovu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_663159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="663159"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 663159, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_663159", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=663159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_663159").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_663159").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="663159"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5559" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture">Political Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5559" type="text/json">{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="150295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Control">Production Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="150295" type="text/json">{"id":150295,"name":"Production Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Control?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=663159]'), work: {"id":663159,"title":"Africa for Africans or Africa for Natives Only?New Nationalism and Nativism in Zimbabwe and South Africa (2009). Afrika für Afrikaner oder Afrika nur für …","created_at":"2011-06-12T04:25:25.141-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/663159/Africa_for_Africans_or_Africa_for_Natives_Only_New_Nationalism_and_Nativism_in_Zimbabwe_and_South_Africa_2009_Afrika_f%C3%BCr_Afrikaner_oder_Afrika_nur_f%C3%BCr_?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_663159","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51306823,"asset_id":663159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":142396,"first_name":"Sabelo J","last_name":"Ndlovu-Gatsheni","domain_name":"uni-bayreuth","page_name":"SabeloJNdlovuGatsheni","display_name":"Sabelo J Ndlovu-Gatsheni","profile_url":"https://uni-bayreuth.academia.edu/SabeloJNdlovuGatsheni?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142396/100545/118660/s65_sabelo.ndlovu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5559,"name":"Political Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Culture?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":150295,"name":"Production Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Control?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35561766" data-work_id="35561766" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35561766/Zimbabwe_After_Rhodesia_Decolonization_and_the_Long_Chimurenga_1980_2000_">Zimbabwe After Rhodesia: Decolonization and the Long Chimurenga (1980-2000)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper will seek to ask the tough questions as to why Zimbabwe -- a prosperous nation at the time of transition to majority rule -- collapsed economically as a besieged ZANU-PF reacted against outside public opinion and began undoing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35561766" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper will seek to ask the tough questions as to why Zimbabwe -- a prosperous nation at the time of transition to majority rule -- collapsed economically as a besieged ZANU-PF reacted against outside public opinion and began undoing the careful work of social progress the government had embarked on.  This paper will further examine critically the outside pressures levied by the South African apartheid-led government, failures of both the United States and United Kingdom to aid Zimbabwe's transfer to majority rule, the failure of the United Kingdom to back the Lancaster House "willing buyer, willing seller" commitment for land reform, and finally whether Mugabe's actions were influenced in whole or in part by these events -- in effect creating a pincer movement thwarting both the Zimbabwean government's ability to reinvest both socially and fiscally while pushing ZANU-PF to play a political dead man's hand -- opting for politically popular land grabs that only further buckled and finally broke the agricultural backbone of Zimbabwe's economy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35561766" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c198d54b174942afba6db1def49be1d" 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$(".js-view-count-work_35561766").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35561766"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apartheid">Apartheid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9730" type="text/json">{"id":9730,"name":"Apartheid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apartheid?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40867" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40867" type="text/json">{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57973" type="text/json">{"id":57973,"name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35561766]'), work: {"id":35561766,"title":"Zimbabwe After Rhodesia: Decolonization and the Long Chimurenga (1980-2000)","created_at":"2018-01-02T12:56:04.436-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35561766/Zimbabwe_After_Rhodesia_Decolonization_and_the_Long_Chimurenga_1980_2000_?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_35561766","summary":"This paper will seek to ask the tough questions as to why Zimbabwe -- a prosperous nation at the time of transition to majority rule -- collapsed economically as a besieged ZANU-PF reacted against outside public opinion and began undoing the careful work of social progress the government had embarked on. This paper will further examine critically the outside pressures levied by the South African apartheid-led government, failures of both the United States and United Kingdom to aid Zimbabwe's transfer to majority rule, the failure of the United Kingdom to back the Lancaster House \"willing buyer, willing seller\" commitment for land reform, and finally whether Mugabe's actions were influenced in whole or in part by these events -- in effect creating a pincer movement thwarting both the Zimbabwean government's ability to reinvest both socially and fiscally while pushing ZANU-PF to play a political dead man's hand -- opting for politically popular land grabs that only further buckled and finally broke the agricultural backbone of Zimbabwe's economy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55427456,"asset_id":35561766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2945063,"first_name":"Shaun","last_name":"Kenney","domain_name":"cua","page_name":"ShaunKenney","display_name":"Shaun Kenney","profile_url":"https://cua.academia.edu/ShaunKenney?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2945063/2637950/3066293/s65_shaun.kenney.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9730,"name":"Apartheid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apartheid?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":40867,"name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Kingdom?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":57973,"name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zimbabwe?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=61866"},{"id":120969,"name":"Henry A. Kissinger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_A._Kissinger?f_ri=61866"},{"id":298874,"name":"Rhodesia during UDI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhodesia_during_UDI?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80730046" data-work_id="80730046" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80730046/Expanding_ART_for_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_HIV_in_South_Africa_Estimated_Cost_and_Cost_Effectiveness_2011_2050">Expanding ART for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in South Africa: Estimated Cost and Cost-Effectiveness 2011-2050</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting">Forecasting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8270" type="text/json">{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80730046]'), work: {"id":80730046,"title":"Expanding ART for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in South Africa: Estimated Cost and Cost-Effectiveness 2011-2050","created_at":"2022-06-05T02:54:45.666-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80730046/Expanding_ART_for_Treatment_and_Prevention_of_HIV_in_South_Africa_Estimated_Cost_and_Cost_Effectiveness_2011_2050?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_80730046","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87015590,"asset_id":80730046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":222953849,"first_name":"yves","last_name":"souteyrand","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"yvessouteyrand","display_name":"yves souteyrand","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/yvessouteyrand?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":91335,"name":"Cost Effectiveness Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Effectiveness_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":160242,"name":"Hiv Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hiv_Infection?f_ri=61866"},{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=61866"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=61866"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=61866"},{"id":320996,"name":"HIV testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_testing?f_ri=61866"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1993786,"name":"Cumulant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulant?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2474611,"name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costs_and_Cost_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2863212,"name":"acute phase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/acute_phase?f_ri=61866"},{"id":3887581,"name":"HIV infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_infections?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78983541" data-work_id="78983541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78983541/Energy_environment_and_urban_poverty_in_South_Africa">Energy, environment and urban poverty in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78983541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-user="3620283" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HiltonTrollip">Hilton Trollip</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3620283" type="text/json">{"id":3620283,"first_name":"Hilton","last_name":"Trollip","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HiltonTrollip","display_name":"Hilton Trollip","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HiltonTrollip?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3620283/1267534/1579310/s65_hilton.trollip.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78983541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78983541"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78983541, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78983541", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78983541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy">Energy Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5609" type="text/json">{"id":5609,"name":"Energy Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Policy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19408" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Poverty">Urban Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19408" type="text/json">{"id":19408,"name":"Urban Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Poverty?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78983541]'), work: {"id":78983541,"title":"Energy, environment and urban poverty in South Africa","created_at":"2022-05-11T11:10:05.444-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78983541/Energy_environment_and_urban_poverty_in_South_Africa?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_78983541","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85856878,"asset_id":78983541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3620283,"first_name":"Hilton","last_name":"Trollip","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HiltonTrollip","display_name":"Hilton Trollip","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HiltonTrollip?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3620283/1267534/1579310/s65_hilton.trollip.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":5609,"name":"Energy 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href="https://www.academia.edu/58650336/Dimensions_of_the_Fear_of_AIDS_Scale_among_South_African_Students">Dimensions of the Fear of AIDS Scale among South African Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58650336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a764b46b8b918212b522140e106868c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72957740,"asset_id":58650336,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Geerts","profile_url":"https://capepeninsula.academia.edu/SjirkGeerts?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1091,"name":"Ornithology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ornithology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":199056,"name":"Species Richness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Richness?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":956528,"name":"Bird Communities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Communities?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3855412" data-work_id="3855412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3855412/Policy_interventions_that_attract_nurses_to_rural_areas_a_multicountry_discrete_choice_experiment">Policy interventions that attract nurses to rural areas: a multicountry discrete choice experiment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3855412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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type="text/json">{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy">Health Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17969" type="text/json">{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3855412]'), work: {"id":3855412,"title":"Policy interventions that attract nurses to rural areas: a 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Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Health_Services?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5407082" data-work_id="5407082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5407082/Influence_of_mycorrhizal_associations_on_foliar_%CE%B4_15_N_values_of_legume_and_non_legume_shrubs_and_trees_in_the_fynbos_of_South_Africa_Implications_for_estimating_N_2_fixation_using_the_15_N_natural_abundance_method">Influence of mycorrhizal associations on foliar δ 15 N values of legume and non-legume shrubs and trees in the fynbos of South Africa: Implications for estimating N 2 fixation using the 15 N natural abundance method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, we examined the use of the 15N natural abundance method to quantify the percentage N derived from fixation of atmospheric N2 in honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) shrubs and trees in the fynbos, South Africa. Non-fixing shrubs and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5407082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, we examined the use of the 15N natural abundance method to quantify the percentage N derived from fixation of atmospheric N2 in honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) shrubs and trees in the fynbos, South Africa. Non-fixing shrubs and trees of similar phenology to the Cyclopia species were chosen as reference plants. These reference plants were selected to cover a range of mycorrhizal associations (ericoid mycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal). Isotopic analysis revealed a wide range of foliar δ15N values for the reference plants, including many very negative values. The marked differences in δ15N values were defined by the mycorrhizal status of the reference plant species, with the ericoid and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants showing lower foliar δ15N values relative to their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. In contrast, the δ15N values of the N2-fixing Cyclopia species were uniformly clustered around zero, from −0.11‰ to −1.43‰. These findings are consistent with the observation that mycorrhizal fungi discriminate against the heavier 15N isotope during transfer of N from the fungus to the host plant, leaving the latter depleted in 15N (i.e. with a more negative δ15N value). However, a major assumption of the 15N natural abundance method for estimating N2 fixation is that both legume and reference plant should have the same level of fractionation associated with N uptake. But, because mycorrhizal associations may strongly affect the level of fractionation during N uptake and transfer, the test legume should belong to the same mycorrhizal group as the chosen reference plant species. As shown in this study, if the mycorrhizal status of the legume and the reference plant differs, or cannot be assessed, then the 15N natural abundance technique cannot be used to quantitatively estimate N2 fixation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5407082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="672bf53949ae3889dbd570b570b0f894" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49304609,"asset_id":5407082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49304609/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="692085" href="https://edithcowan.academia.edu/WilliamStock">William D Stock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="692085" type="text/json">{"id":692085,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Stock","domain_name":"edithcowan","page_name":"WilliamStock","display_name":"William D Stock","profile_url":"https://edithcowan.academia.edu/WilliamStock?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5407082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5407082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5407082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5407082", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5407082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5407082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5407082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5407082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbuscular_mycorrhizal_fungi">Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="88740" type="text/json">{"id":88740,"name":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbuscular_mycorrhizal_fungi?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5407082]'), work: {"id":5407082,"title":"Influence of mycorrhizal associations on foliar δ 15 N values of legume and non-legume shrubs and trees in the fynbos of South Africa: Implications for estimating N 2 fixation using the 15 N natural abundance method","created_at":"2013-12-12T15:25:57.721-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5407082/Influence_of_mycorrhizal_associations_on_foliar_%CE%B4_15_N_values_of_legume_and_non_legume_shrubs_and_trees_in_the_fynbos_of_South_Africa_Implications_for_estimating_N_2_fixation_using_the_15_N_natural_abundance_method?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_5407082","summary":"In this study, we examined the use of the 15N natural abundance method to quantify the percentage N derived from fixation of atmospheric N2 in honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) shrubs and trees in the fynbos, South Africa. Non-fixing shrubs and trees of similar phenology to the Cyclopia species were chosen as reference plants. These reference plants were selected to cover a range of mycorrhizal associations (ericoid mycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal). Isotopic analysis revealed a wide range of foliar δ15N values for the reference plants, including many very negative values. The marked differences in δ15N values were defined by the mycorrhizal status of the reference plant species, with the ericoid and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants showing lower foliar δ15N values relative to their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. In contrast, the δ15N values of the N2-fixing Cyclopia species were uniformly clustered around zero, from −0.11‰ to −1.43‰. These findings are consistent with the observation that mycorrhizal fungi discriminate against the heavier 15N isotope during transfer of N from the fungus to the host plant, leaving the latter depleted in 15N (i.e. with a more negative δ15N value). However, a major assumption of the 15N natural abundance method for estimating N2 fixation is that both legume and reference plant should have the same level of fractionation associated with N uptake. But, because mycorrhizal associations may strongly affect the level of fractionation during N uptake and transfer, the test legume should belong to the same mycorrhizal group as the chosen reference plant species. As shown in this study, if the mycorrhizal status of the legume and the reference plant differs, or cannot be assessed, then the 15N natural abundance technique cannot be used to quantitatively estimate N2 fixation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49304609,"asset_id":5407082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":692085,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Stock","domain_name":"edithcowan","page_name":"WilliamStock","display_name":"William D Stock","profile_url":"https://edithcowan.academia.edu/WilliamStock?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20253600/An_Introduction_to_South_African_Music_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C">An Introduction to South African Music معرفی موسیقی آفریقای جنوبی</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20253600" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="727e30780e80b2c73bdd433f5e8c803d" rel="nofollow" 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خلوتی","profile_url":"https://unisouthafr.academia.edu/MahboubeKhalvati?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1056614/364661/2199827/s65_mahboube.khalvati.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47204,"name":"South African music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African_music?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":170857,"name":"South African Musicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African_Musicians?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1835437,"name":"South African Exiled Jazz Musicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African_Exiled_Jazz_Musicians?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5453317" data-work_id="5453317" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5453317/Response_to_PEPFAR_Program_Expenditures_Form_Number_DS_4213_OMB_Control_Number_1405_0208_Revision_3">Response to “PEPFAR Program Expenditures” [Form Number: DS-4213, OMB Control Number: 1405-0208] - Revision 3</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This response document will briefly address concerns about the ethical, legal and methodological flaws with past research informing aspects of present PEPFAR program areas; concerns about adverse consequences of PEPFAR program areas; and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5453317" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This response document will briefly address concerns about the ethical, legal and methodological flaws with past research informing aspects of present PEPFAR program areas; concerns about adverse consequences of PEPFAR program areas; and concerns about the absence of oversight of the activities of PEPFAR funding recipients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5453317" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d94103817ea92a9e19b2f46eea9efd3f" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82250447]'), work: {"id":82250447,"title":"Instability in Parent-Child Coresidence and Adolescent Development in Urban South Africa","created_at":"2022-06-27T10:27:54.006-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82250447/Instability_in_Parent_Child_Coresidence_and_Adolescent_Development_in_Urban_South_Africa?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_82250447","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88023480,"asset_id":82250447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187054700,"first_name":"Kate","last_name":"Prickett","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatePrickett","display_name":"Kate Prickett","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatePrickett?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":5768,"name":"Adolescent Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Development?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":6574,"name":"Family","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=61866"},{"id":111921,"name":"Sexual Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Behavior?f_ri=61866"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=61866"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=61866"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=61866"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=61866"},{"id":570668,"name":"Urban Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Population?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1033015,"name":"Parent‐child Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_child_Relations?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1181690,"name":"Adolescent Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Behavior?f_ri=61866"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2618448,"name":"Family Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Characteristics?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76526593" data-work_id="76526593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76526593/Medical_management_of_opioid_dependence_in_South_Africa">Medical management of opioid dependence in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Medical practitioners in South Africa are increasingly confronted with requests to treat patients with opioid use disorders. Many do not possess the required knowledge and skills to deal with these patients effectively. This overview of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76526593" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Medical practitioners in South Africa are increasingly confronted with requests to treat patients with opioid use disorders. Many do not possess the required knowledge and skills to deal with these patients effectively. This overview of the medical treatment of opioid dependence was compiled by an elected working group of doctors working in the field of substance dependence. Recommendations are based on current best practice derived from scientific evidence and consensus of the working group, but should never replace individual clinical judgement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76526593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="252a62e187c28c0af7b126c89b3dc7ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84208092,"asset_id":76526593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84208092/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48941349" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SolomonRataemane">Solomon Rataemane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48941349" type="text/json">{"id":48941349,"first_name":"Solomon","last_name":"Rataemane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SolomonRataemane","display_name":"Solomon Rataemane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SolomonRataemane?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76526593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76526593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76526593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76526593", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76526593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76526593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76526593"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76526593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76526593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76526593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76526593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76526593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76526593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76526593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3763225" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences">Medical and Health Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3763225" type="text/json">{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76526593]'), work: {"id":76526593,"title":"Medical management of opioid dependence in South Africa","created_at":"2022-04-15T06:58:15.064-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76526593/Medical_management_of_opioid_dependence_in_South_Africa?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_76526593","summary":"Medical practitioners in South Africa are increasingly confronted with requests to treat patients with opioid use disorders. Many do not possess the required knowledge and skills to deal with these patients effectively. This overview of the medical treatment of opioid dependence was compiled by an elected working group of doctors working in the field of substance dependence. Recommendations are based on current best practice derived from scientific evidence and consensus of the working group, but should never replace individual clinical judgement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84208092,"asset_id":76526593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48941349,"first_name":"Solomon","last_name":"Rataemane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SolomonRataemane","display_name":"Solomon Rataemane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SolomonRataemane?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73394783" data-work_id="73394783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73394783/Linear_elastic_analysis_of_pavement_structure_under_non_circular_loading">Linear elastic analysis of pavement structure under non-circular loading</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73394783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07ed9e9264e27a9c4b0a32bceb3354cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81933006,"asset_id":73394783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81933006/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3364720" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMaina">James Maina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3364720" type="text/json">{"id":3364720,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Maina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMaina","display_name":"James Maina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMaina?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73394783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73394783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73394783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73394783", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73394783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_73394783").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73394783").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73394783"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8183" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Elasticity">Linear Elasticity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8183" type="text/json">{"id":8183,"name":"Linear Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Elasticity?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12022" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis">Numerical Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12022" type="text/json">{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73394783]'), work: {"id":73394783,"title":"Linear elastic analysis of pavement structure under non-circular loading","created_at":"2022-03-09T04:53:24.518-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73394783/Linear_elastic_analysis_of_pavement_structure_under_non_circular_loading?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_73394783","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81933006,"asset_id":73394783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3364720,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Maina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMaina","display_name":"James Maina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMaina?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":8183,"name":"Linear Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Elasticity?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":12022,"name":"Numerical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Analysis?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":152690,"name":"Boundary Conditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boundary_Conditions?f_ri=61866"},{"id":184909,"name":"Structure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":679783,"name":"Boolean Satisfiability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability?f_ri=61866"},{"id":684402,"name":"Non Linear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_Linear_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2057366,"name":"Software Package","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Package?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2283070,"name":"Contact Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Stress?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2728947,"name":"Inverse Fourier Transform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inverse_Fourier_Transform?f_ri=61866"},{"id":3362992,"name":"Linear analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_analysis?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71099067" data-work_id="71099067" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71099067/The_Danger_of_being_a_Young_Female_Migrant_A_Case_Study_Female_Refugees_in_Musina_Town_in_South_Africa">The Danger of being a Young Female Migrant: A Case Study Female Refugees in Musina Town in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several studies show that international migrants across the globe extremely face challenges upon their arrival in the host countries. This constant influx of international population movement is driven by factors such as escaping from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71099067" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several studies show that international migrants across the globe extremely face challenges upon their arrival<br />in the host countries. This constant influx of international population movement is driven by factors such as escaping<br />from poverty, seeking better livelihoods, or escaping from political upheavals and civil strife, such as wars. There have<br />been several studies in South Africa that generally explored challenges faced by the international migrant youth but not<br />necessarily on the gendered nature of migration. This study argues that migration affects males and females inversely.<br />Thus this study aimed to contextually explore the danger of being a young female migrant by following a qualitative<br />research approach using female refugees in Musina town as a case study. Nine participants were purposively and<br />conveniently selected and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions were followed to collect<br />data that is analysed thematically in this paper. The Nvivo software was used to manage and organise data. Findings<br />reveal that young female migrants face challenges from the cross-bordering where they are at risk of being raped.<br />Findings further show that upon their arrival in South Africa, female young migrants face challenges such as exclusion<br />from basic health care services due to lack of immigration documents, sex work, and exploitation by local citizens as well<br />as victimization by the police. The security at border posts should thus be tightened and the defence forces should jointly<br />work with the police officials to deport female migrant youth who migrate illegally and stakeholders in South Africa should<br />run educational programmes where the illegal immigrants would be educated about the risks of cross-boarding to South<br />Africa without legal immigration permits</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71099067" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b9f596425b3380fe26ad9c2c468a082b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80593921,"asset_id":71099067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80593921/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211349963" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lifescienceglobal">Lifescience Global Canada</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211349963" type="text/json">{"id":211349963,"first_name":"Lifescience","last_name":"Global Canada","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lifescienceglobal","display_name":"Lifescience Global Canada","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lifescienceglobal?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211349963/71416544/59860660/s65_lifescience.global_canada.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71099067 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71099067"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71099067, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71099067", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71099067]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71099067").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71099067").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71099067"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa">South Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61866" type="text/json">{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="384374" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illegal_Migration">Illegal Migration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="384374" type="text/json">{"id":384374,"name":"Illegal Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illegal_Migration?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71099067]'), work: {"id":71099067,"title":"The Danger of being a Young Female Migrant: A Case Study Female Refugees in Musina Town in South Africa","created_at":"2022-02-11T05:44:58.103-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71099067/The_Danger_of_being_a_Young_Female_Migrant_A_Case_Study_Female_Refugees_in_Musina_Town_in_South_Africa?f_ri=61866","dom_id":"work_71099067","summary":"Several studies show that international migrants across the globe extremely face challenges upon their arrival\nin the host countries. This constant influx of international population movement is driven by factors such as escaping\nfrom poverty, seeking better livelihoods, or escaping from political upheavals and civil strife, such as wars. There have\nbeen several studies in South Africa that generally explored challenges faced by the international migrant youth but not\nnecessarily on the gendered nature of migration. This study argues that migration affects males and females inversely.\nThus this study aimed to contextually explore the danger of being a young female migrant by following a qualitative\nresearch approach using female refugees in Musina town as a case study. Nine participants were purposively and\nconveniently selected and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions were followed to collect\ndata that is analysed thematically in this paper. The Nvivo software was used to manage and organise data. Findings\nreveal that young female migrants face challenges from the cross-bordering where they are at risk of being raped.\nFindings further show that upon their arrival in South Africa, female young migrants face challenges such as exclusion\nfrom basic health care services due to lack of immigration documents, sex work, and exploitation by local citizens as well\nas victimization by the police. The security at border posts should thus be tightened and the defence forces should jointly\nwork with the police officials to deport female migrant youth who migrate illegally and stakeholders in South Africa should\nrun educational programmes where the illegal immigrants would be educated about the risks of cross-boarding to South\nAfrica without legal immigration permits","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80593921,"asset_id":71099067,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211349963,"first_name":"Lifescience","last_name":"Global Canada","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lifescienceglobal","display_name":"Lifescience Global Canada","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lifescienceglobal?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211349963/71416544/59860660/s65_lifescience.global_canada.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":384374,"name":"Illegal Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illegal_Migration?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69815010" data-work_id="69815010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69815010/The_Role_of_Body_Fat_and_Fat_Distribution_in_Hypertension_Risk_in_Urban_Black_South_African_Women">The Role of Body Fat and Fat Distribution in Hypertension Risk in Urban Black South African Women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry">Anthropometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5018" type="text/json">{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52489" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue">Adipose tissue</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52489" type="text/json">{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54259" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities">Cities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54259" type="text/json">{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69815010]'), work: {"id":69815010,"title":"The Role of Body Fat and Fat Distribution in Hypertension Risk in Urban Black South African 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tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=61866"},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension?f_ri=61866"},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=61866"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=61866"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=61866"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=61866"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=61866"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=61866"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=61866"},{"id":2845694,"name":"Adiposity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adiposity?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65776252" data-work_id="65776252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65776252/Global_molecular_surveillance_reveals_novel_Fusarium_head_blight_species_and_trichothecene_toxin_diversity">Global molecular surveillance reveals novel Fusarium head blight species and trichothecene toxin diversity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology">Plant Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5541" type="text/json">{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" 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","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/trichothecenes?f_ri=61866"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64393690" data-work_id="64393690" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64393690/Timing_of_mammal_like_reptile_extinctions_across_the_Permian_Triassic_boundary_in_South_Africa">Timing of mammal-like reptile extinctions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The rate, timing, and pattern of change in different regions and paleoenvironments are critical for distinguishing among potential causes for the Permian-Triassic (P-T) extinction. Carbon isotopic stratigraphy can provide global... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64393690" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The rate, timing, and pattern of change in different regions and paleoenvironments are critical for distinguishing among potential causes for the Permian-Triassic (P-T) extinction. Carbon isotopic stratigraphy can provide global chronostratigraphic control. We report a large δ13C excursion at the P-T boundary and no long-term Permian δ13C trends for samples from the interior of Pangea. Stratigraphic gaps between available samples limit the resolution of our δ13C curve, but the excursion is within a 15-m-thick zone of overlap between Permian and Triassic taxa. Sedimentological and taphonomic observations demonstrate that this 15 m interval does not represent geologically instantaneous deposition. Together these data support a rapid and globally synchronous P-T event, but suggest that it occurred over a geologically resolvable interval of time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64393690" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6316a74af8faf2fef473df3ae04fa503" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76451181,"asset_id":64393690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76451181/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49494792" href="https://independent.academia.edu/peterward24">peter ward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49494792" type="text/json">{"id":49494792,"first_name":"peter","last_name":"ward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"peterward24","display_name":"peter ward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/peterward24?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49494792/45592940/35503486/s65_peter.ward.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64393690 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64393690"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64393690, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64393690", }); 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Together these data support a rapid and globally synchronous P-T event, but suggest that it occurred over a geologically resolvable interval of time.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76451181,"asset_id":64393690,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49494792,"first_name":"peter","last_name":"ward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"peterward24","display_name":"peter ward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/peterward24?f_ri=61866","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49494792/45592940/35503486/s65_peter.ward.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=61866","nofollow":false},{"id":1703,"name":"Stable Isotope 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post-treatment to UASB treatment was investigated, followed by a study into UASB reactor performance with ozonated wastewater as substrate. Combinations of pre- and/or post-ozonation with UASB... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57976653" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The efficiency of ozone as a pre- and post-treatment to UASB treatment was investigated, followed by a study into UASB reactor performance with ozonated wastewater as substrate. Combinations of pre- and/or post-ozonation with UASB treatment gave better results than ozonation or UASB alone and COD reductions of 53.0-98.9% were achieved for treatment of canning and winery wastewaters. A UASB reactor was fed with pre-ozonated cannery wastewater for over 70 d. COD removal improved from between 58.8 and 64.4% to between 85.3 and 91.8% after pre-ozonated substrate feed commenced. Subsequent increases in organic loading rate (OLR) from 2.4 to 3.4 kgCOD m(-3) x d(-1) did not affect reactor performance. By including a final post-ozonation treatment to this UASB effluent a total COD reduction of 99.2% was achieved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57976653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="657ff87f3223f52f3f42e46bd25ef442" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72612653,"asset_id":57976653,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72612653/download_file?st=MTczMzM0MzAwOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27500126" href="https://sun.academia.edu/GunnarSigge">Gunnar Sigge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27500126" type="text/json">{"id":27500126,"first_name":"Gunnar","last_name":"Sigge","domain_name":"sun","page_name":"GunnarSigge","display_name":"Gunnar Sigge","profile_url":"https://sun.academia.edu/GunnarSigge?f_ri=61866","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57976653 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57976653"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57976653, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57976653", }); 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We investigated progress towards these goals in the education of medical doctors, with an emphasis on gender. Databases... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49598800" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since 1994, higher education policy has been committed to equity of access for all, irrespective of race and gender. We investigated progress towards these goals in the education of medical doctors, with an emphasis on gender. Databases from the Department of Education (DoE), Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) and University of Cape Town (UCT) Faculty of Health Sciences were used to explore undergraduate (MB ChB) trends at all eight medical schools and postgraduate (MMed) trends at UTC. Nationally women have outnumbered men in MBChB enrollments since 2000, figures ranging between 52% and 63% at seven of the eight medical schools in 2005. However, the rate of change in the medical profession lags behind and it will take more than two decades for female doctors to outnumber male doctors. A study of UCT postgraduate enrollments shows that females had increased to 42% of MMed enrollments in 2005. 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class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="3896">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="3896">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="2860">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="2860">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a 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