CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Contract Law Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="uG4vs6RQQkBwUlJXFFEUfjJA7lqz2/oWnXSDS5tRi0e0MoPNHcymH9szHviPmVD5E4QlorDLLIVy7+Y5n2jRFw==" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Contract_Law?after=50%2C10266343" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Contract Law Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15275,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277147552,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732431722000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732431722000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Contract Law</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">123,845 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Contract Law</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Contract_Law">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24257212" data-work_id="24257212" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24257212/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%9A_%D0%A0%D0%A4_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_6_2015">Заверения об обстоятельствах и условия о возмещении потерь в новой редакции ГК РФ // Закон. №6. 2015</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24257212" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff547f26b8c31f2155fc280454ec523d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44594304,"asset_id":24257212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44594304/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2110526" href="https://m-logos.academia.edu/ArtemKarapetov">Artem Karapetov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2110526" type="text/json">{"id":2110526,"first_name":"Artem","last_name":"Karapetov","domain_name":"m-logos","page_name":"ArtemKarapetov","display_name":"Artem Karapetov","profile_url":"https://m-logos.academia.edu/ArtemKarapetov?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2110526/12355275/13754198/s65_artem.karapetov.jpg_oh_a6277217e80c9f1b5e00b8fad0ad298b_oe_57735486"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24257212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24257212"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24257212, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24257212", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24257212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24257212; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24257212"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24257212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24257212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24257212; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24257212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24257212").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24257212").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24257212"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24257212]'), work: {"id":24257212,"title":"Заверения об обстоятельствах и условия о возмещении потерь в новой редакции ГК РФ // Закон. №6. 2015","created_at":"2016-04-10T08:10:08.979-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24257212/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%9A_%D0%A0%D0%A4_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_6_2015?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_24257212","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44594304,"asset_id":24257212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2110526,"first_name":"Artem","last_name":"Karapetov","domain_name":"m-logos","page_name":"ArtemKarapetov","display_name":"Artem Karapetov","profile_url":"https://m-logos.academia.edu/ArtemKarapetov?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2110526/12355275/13754198/s65_artem.karapetov.jpg_oh_a6277217e80c9f1b5e00b8fad0ad298b_oe_57735486"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1247225" data-work_id="1247225" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1247225/Fides_e_bona_fides_Gerarchia_sociale_e_categorie_giuridiche">Fides e bona fides. Gerarchia sociale e categorie giuridiche</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is a common misconception that fides and bona fides are ethical principles with changeable content, shaped by the development of social and moral values. They belong instead, since time immemorial, to the tradition of the ius civile,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1247225" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is a common misconception that fides and bona fides are ethical principles with changeable content, shaped by the development of social and moral values. They belong instead, since time immemorial, to the tradition of the ius civile, and are deeply rooted in Roman social structure (and its needs) as interpreted by the priests and by the jurists. The standard of fides and bona fides is always objective: in the archaic period, the real status of the parties (fides as the 'credit' of the individual within the group); afterwards, an abstact stardard identified with the bonus vir. The two concepts developed therefore from early on an (outwardly) dualistic value: on the one side, the respect of the parties' agreement; on the other side, the respect of all the terms implied in the nature of the relationship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1247225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48eecf48a8317b4e9595e2e8364047e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30955271,"asset_id":1247225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30955271/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1288011" href="https://uniroma2.academia.edu/robertofiori">Roberto Fiori</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1288011" type="text/json">{"id":1288011,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Fiori","domain_name":"uniroma2","page_name":"robertofiori","display_name":"Roberto Fiori","profile_url":"https://uniroma2.academia.edu/robertofiori?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1288011/686873/4733456/s65_roberto.fiori.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1247225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1247225"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1247225, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1247225", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1247225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1247225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1247225"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1247225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1247225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1247225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1247225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1247225").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1247225").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1247225"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1247225]'), work: {"id":1247225,"title":"Fides e bona fides. Gerarchia sociale e categorie giuridiche","created_at":"2012-03-13T00:14:43.345-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1247225/Fides_e_bona_fides_Gerarchia_sociale_e_categorie_giuridiche?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_1247225","summary":"It is a common misconception that fides and bona fides are ethical principles with changeable content, shaped by the development of social and moral values. They belong instead, since time immemorial, to the tradition of the ius civile, and are deeply rooted in Roman social structure (and its needs) as interpreted by the priests and by the jurists. The standard of fides and bona fides is always objective: in the archaic period, the real status of the parties (fides as the 'credit' of the individual within the group); afterwards, an abstact stardard identified with the bonus vir. The two concepts developed therefore from early on an (outwardly) dualistic value: on the one side, the respect of the parties' agreement; on the other side, the respect of all the terms implied in the nature of the relationship.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30955271,"asset_id":1247225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1288011,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Fiori","domain_name":"uniroma2","page_name":"robertofiori","display_name":"Roberto Fiori","profile_url":"https://uniroma2.academia.edu/robertofiori?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1288011/686873/4733456/s65_roberto.fiori.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4134,"name":"Roman Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5327,"name":"Roman Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Religion?f_ri=2098"},{"id":10099,"name":"History of Religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religions?f_ri=2098"},{"id":18076,"name":"Early Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Rome?f_ri=2098"},{"id":136043,"name":"Good faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_faith?f_ri=2098"},{"id":246995,"name":"Derecho Romano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Romano?f_ri=2098"},{"id":469847,"name":"Fides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fides?f_ri=2098"},{"id":476095,"name":"Bona fides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bona_fides?f_ri=2098"},{"id":534969,"name":"Diritto romano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_romano?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34634599" data-work_id="34634599" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34634599/Effettivit%C3%A0_della_tutela_e_ruolo_del_giudice">Effettività della tutela e ruolo del giudice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34634599" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="746a14bbc332e0339399d7743f345d2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54496331,"asset_id":34634599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54496331/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="630721" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DanieleImbruglia">Daniele Imbruglia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="630721" type="text/json">{"id":630721,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Imbruglia","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"DanieleImbruglia","display_name":"Daniele Imbruglia","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DanieleImbruglia?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34634599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34634599"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34634599, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34634599", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34634599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34634599; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34634599"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34634599 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34634599"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34634599; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34634599]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34634599").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34634599").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34634599"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1306" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1306" type="text/json">{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34634599]'), work: {"id":34634599,"title":"Effettività della tutela e ruolo del giudice","created_at":"2017-09-21T07:36:35.807-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34634599/Effettivit%C3%A0_della_tutela_e_ruolo_del_giudice?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_34634599","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54496331,"asset_id":34634599,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":630721,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Imbruglia","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"DanieleImbruglia","display_name":"Daniele Imbruglia","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DanieleImbruglia?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":10559,"name":"European Procedural Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Procedural_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20844,"name":"European private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_private_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":44490,"name":"Diritto Internazionale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Internazionale?f_ri=2098"},{"id":66470,"name":"Diritto Processuale Civile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Processuale_Civile?f_ri=2098"},{"id":67978,"name":"Law of Torts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Torts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":105966,"name":"Responsabilità Civile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsabilit%C3%A0_Civile?f_ri=2098"},{"id":129314,"name":"Diritto Civile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Civile?f_ri=2098"},{"id":150603,"name":"Diritti Umani","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritti_Umani?f_ri=2098"},{"id":212966,"name":"Diritto Privato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Privato?f_ri=2098"},{"id":219641,"name":"Diritto Costituzionale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Costituzionale?f_ri=2098"},{"id":243147,"name":"DIRITTO PRIVATO COMPARATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DIRITTO_PRIVATO_COMPARATO?f_ri=2098"},{"id":281857,"name":"Diritto Processuale Civile Comparato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Processuale_Civile_Comparato?f_ri=2098"},{"id":535887,"name":"Storia Del Diritto Privato Europeo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Del_Diritto_Privato_Europeo?f_ri=2098"},{"id":545861,"name":"Diritto Processuale Civile Europeo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Processuale_Civile_Europeo?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1384364,"name":"Corte Di Giustizia Dell'Unione Europea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corte_Di_Giustizia_DellUnione_Europea?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44536167" data-work_id="44536167" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44536167/The_Contracting_Parties_Choice_of_European_Soft_Law_Its_Validity_and_Limits">The Contracting Parties' Choice of European Soft Law: Its Validity and Limits</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44536167" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00b2b140057db19e30f078719ef9d6b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64982975,"asset_id":44536167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64982975/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21903028" href="https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena">Pietro Sirena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21903028" type="text/json">{"id":21903028,"first_name":"Pietro","last_name":"Sirena","domain_name":"unibocconi","page_name":"PietroSirena","display_name":"Pietro Sirena","profile_url":"https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21903028/8054844/9020027/s65_pietro.sirena.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44536167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44536167"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44536167, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44536167", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44536167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44536167; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44536167"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44536167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44536167"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44536167; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44536167]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44536167").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44536167").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44536167"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8080" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations">Law of Obligations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8080" type="text/json">{"id":8080,"name":"Law of Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69639" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law">European contract law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69639" type="text/json">{"id":69639,"name":"European contract law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract">Law of Contract</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84904" type="text/json">{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44536167]'), work: {"id":44536167,"title":"The Contracting Parties' Choice of European Soft Law: Its Validity and Limits","created_at":"2020-11-19T11:03:47.098-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44536167/The_Contracting_Parties_Choice_of_European_Soft_Law_Its_Validity_and_Limits?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_44536167","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64982975,"asset_id":44536167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21903028,"first_name":"Pietro","last_name":"Sirena","domain_name":"unibocconi","page_name":"PietroSirena","display_name":"Pietro Sirena","profile_url":"https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21903028/8054844/9020027/s65_pietro.sirena.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":8080,"name":"Law of Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":69639,"name":"European contract law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":139283,"name":"Choice of Law in International Contracts: Some Fundamental Conflict of Laws Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_of_Law_in_International_Contracts_Some_Fundamental_Conflict_of_Laws_Issues?f_ri=2098"},{"id":152001,"name":"State Contracts and Arbitral Choice-of-Law Process and Techniques: A Critical Appraisal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Contracts_and_Arbitral_Choice-of-Law_Process_and_Techniques_A_Critical_Appraisal?f_ri=2098"},{"id":152010,"name":"Choice of Law in International Contracts - Some Fundamental Conflict of Laws Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_of_Law_in_International_Contracts_-_Some_Fundamental_Conflict_of_Laws_Issues?f_ri=2098"},{"id":173813,"name":"Law of Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contracts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":173982,"name":"Choice of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":309968,"name":"Soft Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":768173,"name":"Droit Des Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Des_Obligations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":810660,"name":"Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obligations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":904667,"name":"Derecho De Obligaciones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_De_Obligaciones?f_ri=2098"},{"id":965728,"name":"Hard Law and Soft Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hard_Law_and_Soft_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1258895,"name":"Obligations and Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obligations_and_Contracts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1419984,"name":"Direito Contratual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Contratual?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1520229,"name":"La Obligaciones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/La_Obligaciones?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1786381,"name":"Derecho de las Obligaciones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_de_las_Obligaciones?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24791636" data-work_id="24791636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24791636/Space_Tourism_as_Russian_Roullette_Concerning_on_the_Acceptability_of_the_Space_Tourism_in_the_View_of_Illegal_Contract">Space Tourism as Russian Roullette: Concerning on the Acceptability of the Space Tourism in the View of Illegal Contract</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The outer space becomes more approachable. As the developments occur in a row, the space launch vehicles are bigger, better, and faster, so that people can get to the outer space more quickly and efficiently. With this currency, space... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24791636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The outer space becomes more approachable. As the developments occur in a row, the space launch vehicles are bigger, better, and faster, so that people can get to the outer space more quickly and efficiently. With this currency, space tourism appears which gives people special experiences, such as enjoying sight of the outer space and playing in the micro-gravity circumstances. However, the possibility of crashes also goes up. Yet the perfectly safe vehicles to carry the passengers into the outer space are not developed. Risk cannot be eliminated in the real world, especially in the case of the rocket launch vehicles, and the risk of failure in launching process is quite high. Already, there was a crash of private spaceship, which was designed to carry tourists. This article will bring forward the questions about the acceptability of the space tourism because there are similarities between the space tourism and Russian roulette game. If the risky space tourism is accepted, the other activities, which have the similar level of possibility of risks, should be accepted. This article focuses the situations and, as the conclusion, tries to suggest a solution to prevent this problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24791636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f9aac224108735319be475cb6afff78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45119727,"asset_id":24791636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45119727/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34402504" href="https://soongsil.academia.edu/JaeYoung_Choi">Jaeyoung Choi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34402504" type="text/json">{"id":34402504,"first_name":"Jaeyoung","last_name":"Choi","domain_name":"soongsil","page_name":"JaeYoung_Choi","display_name":"Jaeyoung Choi","profile_url":"https://soongsil.academia.edu/JaeYoung_Choi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34402504/10068207/46893345/s65_jaeyoung.choi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24791636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24791636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24791636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24791636", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24791636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24791636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24791636"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24791636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24791636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24791636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24791636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24791636").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24791636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24791636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="542" type="text/json">{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5248" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory">Legal Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5248" type="text/json">{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24791636]'), work: {"id":24791636,"title":"Space Tourism as Russian Roullette: Concerning on the Acceptability of the Space Tourism in the View of Illegal Contract","created_at":"2016-04-26T21:02:15.735-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24791636/Space_Tourism_as_Russian_Roullette_Concerning_on_the_Acceptability_of_the_Space_Tourism_in_the_View_of_Illegal_Contract?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_24791636","summary":"The outer space becomes more approachable. As the developments occur in a row, the space launch vehicles are bigger, better, and faster, so that people can get to the outer space more quickly and efficiently. With this currency, space tourism appears which gives people special experiences, such as enjoying sight of the outer space and playing in the micro-gravity circumstances. However, the possibility of crashes also goes up. Yet the perfectly safe vehicles to carry the passengers into the outer space are not developed. Risk cannot be eliminated in the real world, especially in the case of the rocket launch vehicles, and the risk of failure in launching process is quite high. Already, there was a crash of private spaceship, which was designed to carry tourists. This article will bring forward the questions about the acceptability of the space tourism because there are similarities between the space tourism and Russian roulette game. If the risky space tourism is accepted, the other activities, which have the similar level of possibility of risks, should be accepted. This article focuses the situations and, as the conclusion, tries to suggest a solution to prevent this problem.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45119727,"asset_id":24791636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34402504,"first_name":"Jaeyoung","last_name":"Choi","domain_name":"soongsil","page_name":"JaeYoung_Choi","display_name":"Jaeyoung Choi","profile_url":"https://soongsil.academia.edu/JaeYoung_Choi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34402504/10068207/46893345/s65_jaeyoung.choi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":48803,"name":"Space Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Tourism?f_ri=2098"},{"id":51567,"name":"Universe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universe?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15368948" data-work_id="15368948" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15368948/E_drejta_kontraktore_biznesore">E drejta kontraktore biznesore</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Përkushtimi për të shkruar një tekst universitar për një pedagog jo vetëm që është një nderë i veçantë por, para së gjithash, detyrë dhe barrë e madhe. Është detyrë e rëndë për faktin sepse libri jo vetëm që duhet të fitojë besimin e... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15368948" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Përkushtimi për të shkruar një tekst universitar për një pedagog jo vetëm që është një nderë i veçantë por, para së gjithash, detyrë dhe barrë e madhe. Është detyrë e rëndë për faktin sepse libri jo vetëm që duhet të fitojë besimin e studentëve por duhet të përmbajë garanci akademike e shkencore që t'i ndihmojë ata në mënyrë që t'i njohin dhe zbatojnë sa më mirë e sa më thellë normat juridike dhe kontraktore në sferë e rregullimit të marrëdhënieve biznesore. Duke e pasur parasysh që një numër i studentëve të cilëve u dedikohet teksti nuk janë në profilin e juristit, realizimi i tij ka qenë angazhim jashtëzakonisht i vështirë. Pa dashur që tu ngarkojë me sfidat dhe vështirësitë, punën në këtë fushë e kam konsideruar si mision në mënyrë që studentëve dhe lexuesve të interesuar t'u ofrojë informacionet themelore për natyrën juridike të kontratës, elementeve të saj dhe mundësitë e mëdha që ofrojnë ato për rregulluar marrëdhëniet biznesore mbi bazën e vullnetit të palëve. <br />Teksti E Drejta Kontraktore Biznesore u vihet në dispozicion studentëve të fakulteteve të ekonomisë dhe të drejtësisë që janë përcaktuar për studime më të thelluara në sferën e rregullimit të marrëdhënieve të biznesit. Angazhimi për përpilimin e këtij teksti ka filluar që në kohën kur kam qenë pedagog në ish FSHAB të Universitetit të Prishtinës. Pjesa më e madhe e njësive, tani të rishikuara, riformuluara dhe të plotësuara, në forma të ndryshme janë trajtuar edhe në tekstet universitare siç janë E Drejta në Turizëm dhe Hotelieri (2004), E drejta biznesore (2014) dhe E drejta biznesore ndërkombëtare (2015). <br />Në përpilimin e tekstit, duke i pasur parasysh mundësitë modeste subjektive e objektive, jam udhëhequr nga disa parime. Fillimisht, parimi më thelbësor ka qenë zbatimi i doktrinës juridike dhe kornizës legjislative vendore në këtë sferë të së drejtës. Për shkak të dedikimit të tij, jam kujdesur që përmbajtjet e librit të mos jenë abstrakte dhe i njëjti të ketë mundësi përdorimi nga juristët, ekonomistët dhe të tjerë. <br />Për fund, jam i ndërgjegjshëm për përgjegjësinë morale, shkencore dhe pedagogjike për rëndësinë e trajtimit të çështjeve që janë përfshirë në këtë libër. Andaj, çdo vërejtje, sugjerim apo kritikë të sinqertë e konsideroj kontribut të çmueshëm në shqyrtimin e materies që në të ardhmen në mënyrë që të kemi një tekst më të mirë e më të kompletuar dhe për këtë ju falënderohem paraprakisht.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15368948" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2590bb2233f5b497b2696cbd0e6778aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38660847,"asset_id":15368948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38660847/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33408435" href="https://uni-pr.academia.edu/ArmandKrasniqi">Prof.dr. Armand Krasniqi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33408435" type="text/json">{"id":33408435,"first_name":"Prof.dr. Armand","last_name":"Krasniqi","domain_name":"uni-pr","page_name":"ArmandKrasniqi","display_name":"Prof.dr. Armand Krasniqi","profile_url":"https://uni-pr.academia.edu/ArmandKrasniqi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33408435/9878967/19005499/s65_prof.dr._armand.krasniqi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15368948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15368948"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15368948, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15368948", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15368948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15368948; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15368948"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15368948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15368948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15368948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15368948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15368948").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15368948").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15368948"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15368948]'), work: {"id":15368948,"title":"E drejta kontraktore biznesore","created_at":"2015-09-03T15:24:36.692-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15368948/E_drejta_kontraktore_biznesore?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_15368948","summary":"Përkushtimi për të shkruar një tekst universitar për një pedagog jo vetëm që është një nderë i veçantë por, para së gjithash, detyrë dhe barrë e madhe. Është detyrë e rëndë për faktin sepse libri jo vetëm që duhet të fitojë besimin e studentëve por duhet të përmbajë garanci akademike e shkencore që t'i ndihmojë ata në mënyrë që t'i njohin dhe zbatojnë sa më mirë e sa më thellë normat juridike dhe kontraktore në sferë e rregullimit të marrëdhënieve biznesore. Duke e pasur parasysh që një numër i studentëve të cilëve u dedikohet teksti nuk janë në profilin e juristit, realizimi i tij ka qenë angazhim jashtëzakonisht i vështirë. Pa dashur që tu ngarkojë me sfidat dhe vështirësitë, punën në këtë fushë e kam konsideruar si mision në mënyrë që studentëve dhe lexuesve të interesuar t'u ofrojë informacionet themelore për natyrën juridike të kontratës, elementeve të saj dhe mundësitë e mëdha që ofrojnë ato për rregulluar marrëdhëniet biznesore mbi bazën e vullnetit të palëve.\r\nTeksti E Drejta Kontraktore Biznesore u vihet në dispozicion studentëve të fakulteteve të ekonomisë dhe të drejtësisë që janë përcaktuar për studime më të thelluara në sferën e rregullimit të marrëdhënieve të biznesit. Angazhimi për përpilimin e këtij teksti ka filluar që në kohën kur kam qenë pedagog në ish FSHAB të Universitetit të Prishtinës. Pjesa më e madhe e njësive, tani të rishikuara, riformuluara dhe të plotësuara, në forma të ndryshme janë trajtuar edhe në tekstet universitare siç janë E Drejta në Turizëm dhe Hotelieri (2004), E drejta biznesore (2014) dhe E drejta biznesore ndërkombëtare (2015).\r\nNë përpilimin e tekstit, duke i pasur parasysh mundësitë modeste subjektive e objektive, jam udhëhequr nga disa parime. Fillimisht, parimi më thelbësor ka qenë zbatimi i doktrinës juridike dhe kornizës legjislative vendore në këtë sferë të së drejtës. Për shkak të dedikimit të tij, jam kujdesur që përmbajtjet e librit të mos jenë abstrakte dhe i njëjti të ketë mundësi përdorimi nga juristët, ekonomistët dhe të tjerë.\r\nPër fund, jam i ndërgjegjshëm për përgjegjësinë morale, shkencore dhe pedagogjike për rëndësinë e trajtimit të çështjeve që janë përfshirë në këtë libër. Andaj, çdo vërejtje, sugjerim apo kritikë të sinqertë e konsideroj kontribut të çmueshëm në shqyrtimin e materies që në të ardhmen në mënyrë që të kemi një tekst më të mirë e më të kompletuar dhe për këtë ju falënderohem paraprakisht.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38660847,"asset_id":15368948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33408435,"first_name":"Prof.dr. Armand","last_name":"Krasniqi","domain_name":"uni-pr","page_name":"ArmandKrasniqi","display_name":"Prof.dr. Armand Krasniqi","profile_url":"https://uni-pr.academia.edu/ArmandKrasniqi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33408435/9878967/19005499/s65_prof.dr._armand.krasniqi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45629591" data-work_id="45629591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45629591/La_contrattualizzazione_dei_dati_personali_dei_consumatori">La contrattualizzazione dei dati personali dei consumatori</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Muovendo dal fenomeno della commercializzazione dei dati personali dei consumatori, il lavoro analizza i formanti giuridici che intersecano il tema a livello nazionale ed europeo. Lo sguardo è rivolto principalmente alla disciplina in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45629591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Muovendo dal fenomeno della commercializzazione dei dati personali dei consumatori, il lavoro analizza i formanti giuridici che intersecano il tema a livello nazionale ed europeo. Lo sguardo è rivolto principalmente alla disciplina in materia di protezione dei dati personali e agli istituti privatistici che possono essere invocati dinanzi alla crescente patrimonializzazione dei dati. Il cuore dell’indagine è dedicato ai modi in cui lo statuto contrattuale consumeristico può combinarsi con il sistema di data protection. In tale contesto, la maggior parte delle riflessioni sono ispirate dai rapporti tra il regolamento (Ue) 2016/679, ossia il regolamento generale per la protezione dei dati, e la direttiva 2019/770/Ue, relativa ai contratti di fornitura di contenuti e servizi digitali. Quest’ultima, infatti, giuridicizzando lo scambio «servizi/contenuti digitali contro dati personali» apre le porte ad una nuova stagione del diritto contrattuale, deputato a fronteggiare le sfide del «capitalismo della sorveglianza».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45629591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bd544a769ca2183cd8d840aedf271fd2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66121630,"asset_id":45629591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66121630/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40846706" href="https://geo-social.academia.edu/GiuseppeVersaci">Giuseppe Versaci</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40846706" type="text/json">{"id":40846706,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Versaci","domain_name":"geo-social","page_name":"GiuseppeVersaci","display_name":"Giuseppe Versaci","profile_url":"https://geo-social.academia.edu/GiuseppeVersaci?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40846706/11111263/19438325/s65_giuseppe.versaci.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45629591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45629591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45629591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45629591", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45629591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45629591; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45629591"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45629591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45629591"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45629591; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45629591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45629591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45629591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45629591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69639" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law">European contract law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69639" type="text/json">{"id":69639,"name":"European contract law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection">Privacy and data protection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="92007" type="text/json">{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2952381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Data_Protection_Regulation_GDPR_">General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2952381" type="text/json">{"id":2952381,"name":"General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Data_Protection_Regulation_GDPR_?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45629591]'), work: {"id":45629591,"title":"La contrattualizzazione dei dati personali dei consumatori","created_at":"2021-03-28T10:27:53.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45629591/La_contrattualizzazione_dei_dati_personali_dei_consumatori?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_45629591","summary":"Muovendo dal fenomeno della commercializzazione dei dati personali dei consumatori, il lavoro analizza i formanti giuridici che intersecano il tema a livello nazionale ed europeo. Lo sguardo è rivolto principalmente alla disciplina in materia di protezione dei dati personali e agli istituti privatistici che possono essere invocati dinanzi alla crescente patrimonializzazione dei dati. Il cuore dell’indagine è dedicato ai modi in cui lo statuto contrattuale consumeristico può combinarsi con il sistema di data protection. In tale contesto, la maggior parte delle riflessioni sono ispirate dai rapporti tra il regolamento (Ue) 2016/679, ossia il regolamento generale per la protezione dei dati, e la direttiva 2019/770/Ue, relativa ai contratti di fornitura di contenuti e servizi digitali. Quest’ultima, infatti, giuridicizzando lo scambio «servizi/contenuti digitali contro dati personali» apre le porte ad una nuova stagione del diritto contrattuale, deputato a fronteggiare le sfide del «capitalismo della sorveglianza».","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66121630,"asset_id":45629591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40846706,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Versaci","domain_name":"geo-social","page_name":"GiuseppeVersaci","display_name":"Giuseppe Versaci","profile_url":"https://geo-social.academia.edu/GiuseppeVersaci?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40846706/11111263/19438325/s65_giuseppe.versaci.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":69639,"name":"European contract law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_contract_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2952381,"name":"General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Data_Protection_Regulation_GDPR_?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3258862,"name":"directive on contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/directive_on_contracts_for_the_supply_of_digital_content_and_digital_services?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29051930" data-work_id="29051930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29051930/Alan_Midgley_1_Time_Management_in_Construction_Law_An_enquiry_as_to_the_efficacy_of_and_possible_improvements_to_the_Contractual_provisions_for_Time_in_complex_projects_and_Programmes">Alan Midgley -1 - Time Management in Construction Law: An enquiry as to the efficacy of, and possible improvements to, the Contractual provisions for Time in complex projects and Programmes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reviews the nature of Programmes and delay analysis within the context of Construction Law; considers and compares the contractual provisions in the various standard forms of contract as used for complex construction projects in England... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29051930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reviews the nature of Programmes and delay analysis within the context of Construction Law; considers and compares the contractual provisions in the various standard forms of contract as used for complex construction projects in England and Wales; compares these with other jurisdictions and industries. Concludes with an account of what is missing and what might be provided.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29051930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42a92ba951060bddfc686686a28dd128" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49505075,"asset_id":29051930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49505075/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33273718" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/amidgley">alan midgley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33273718" type="text/json">{"id":33273718,"first_name":"alan","last_name":"midgley","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"amidgley","display_name":"alan midgley","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/amidgley?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29051930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29051930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29051930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29051930", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29051930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29051930; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29051930"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29051930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29051930"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29051930; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29051930]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29051930").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29051930").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29051930"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="550" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts">Contracts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="550" type="text/json">{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Law">Construction Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6014" type="text/json">{"id":6014,"name":"Construction Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6842" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Project_Management">Construction Project Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6842" type="text/json">{"id":6842,"name":"Construction Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Project_Management?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29051930]'), work: {"id":29051930,"title":"Alan Midgley -1 - Time Management in Construction Law: An enquiry as to the efficacy of, and possible improvements to, the Contractual provisions for Time in complex projects and Programmes","created_at":"2016-10-10T07:52:44.716-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29051930/Alan_Midgley_1_Time_Management_in_Construction_Law_An_enquiry_as_to_the_efficacy_of_and_possible_improvements_to_the_Contractual_provisions_for_Time_in_complex_projects_and_Programmes?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_29051930","summary":"Reviews the nature of Programmes and delay analysis within the context of Construction Law; considers and compares the contractual provisions in the various standard forms of contract as used for complex construction projects in England and Wales; compares these with other jurisdictions and industries. Concludes with an account of what is missing and what might be provided.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49505075,"asset_id":29051930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33273718,"first_name":"alan","last_name":"midgley","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"amidgley","display_name":"alan midgley","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/amidgley?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6014,"name":"Construction Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6842,"name":"Construction Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Project_Management?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":9048,"name":"Scheduling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scheduling?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9629,"name":"Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction?f_ri=2098"},{"id":106733,"name":"Time Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":144762,"name":"Construction Law and Dispute Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Law_and_Dispute_Resolution?f_ri=2098"},{"id":199525,"name":"Fidic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fidic?f_ri=2098"},{"id":462865,"name":"International Construction Contracts Law and Arbitration, International Works Procurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Construction_Contracts_Law_and_Arbitration_International_Works_Procurement?f_ri=2098"},{"id":876395,"name":"Jct and Nec Dispute Resol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jct_and_Nec_Dispute_Resol?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1064767,"name":"Types of Construction Contracts Pdf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Types_of_Construction_Contracts_Pdf?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1660439,"name":"Standard forms of contract in different countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_forms_of_contract_in_different_countries?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16637852" data-work_id="16637852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16637852/Investigating_Sites_of_Power_Audiovisual_Archives_and_Social_Media_Platforms_pp_264_286">Investigating Sites of Power: Audiovisual Archives and Social Media Platforms. pp. 264-286.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16637852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74d31d2b9b432f3acc3224975f0ca608" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39093976,"asset_id":16637852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39093976/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3201959" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/jessicabushey">jessica bushey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3201959" type="text/json">{"id":3201959,"first_name":"jessica","last_name":"bushey","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"jessicabushey","display_name":"jessica bushey","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/jessicabushey?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16637852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16637852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16637852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16637852", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16637852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16637852; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16637852"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16637852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16637852"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16637852; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16637852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16637852").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16637852").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16637852"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1589" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography">Photography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1589" type="text/json">{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7513" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives">Archives</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7513" type="text/json">{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9246" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media">Social Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16637852]'), work: {"id":16637852,"title":"Investigating Sites of Power: Audiovisual Archives and Social Media Platforms. pp. 264-286.","created_at":"2015-10-10T14:56:52.433-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16637852/Investigating_Sites_of_Power_Audiovisual_Archives_and_Social_Media_Platforms_pp_264_286?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_16637852","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39093976,"asset_id":16637852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3201959,"first_name":"jessica","last_name":"bushey","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"jessicabushey","display_name":"jessica bushey","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/jessicabushey?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":17813,"name":"Digital Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Archives?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30615115" data-work_id="30615115" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30615115/REVOCATION_OF_ACADEMIC_DEGREES_BY_COLLEGES_AND_UNIVERSITIES">REVOCATION OF ACADEMIC DEGREES BY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, courts have decided that private and public colleges and universities can revoke degrees due to academic dishonesty. A university's authority to revoke degrees is supported by a logical extension of its conferral power, "black... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30615115" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, courts have decided that private and public colleges and universities can revoke degrees due to  academic dishonesty. A university's authority to revoke degrees is supported by a logical extension of its conferral power, "black letter" contract law, and the precedential authority of Crook v. Baker, Waliga v. Board of Trustees of Kent State University, and Abalkhail v. Claremont University Center.<br /><br />Although colleges enjoy great discretion in deciding whether to confer degrees, once the college grants a degree, its discretion to revoke that degree is governed by due process guidelines. In Crook, the university involved was public, triggering the applicability of due process procedural safeguards. <br /><br />The question remains--are private colleges and universities required to provide procedural safeguards to students faced with degree revocation? The receipt of state and federal financial assistance does not constitute state action. Although private universities are not required to afford the complete package of constitutional due process protections, courts expect them to provide minimal procedural protection to ensure fundamental fairness. Clearly, both public and private universities possess the authority to revoke degrees already conferred.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30615115" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11eb54a91d87c8031927c6e12abbe5ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51063502,"asset_id":30615115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51063502/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56456685" href="https://stmarysuniversity.academia.edu/BernardReams">Bernard Reams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56456685" type="text/json">{"id":56456685,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Reams","domain_name":"stmarysuniversity","page_name":"BernardReams","display_name":"Bernard Reams","profile_url":"https://stmarysuniversity.academia.edu/BernardReams?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30615115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30615115"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30615115, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30615115", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30615115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30615115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30615115"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30615115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30615115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30615115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30615115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30615115").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30615115").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30615115"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67833" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Dishonesty">Academic Dishonesty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67833" type="text/json">{"id":67833,"name":"Academic Dishonesty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Dishonesty?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82174" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University">University</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82174" type="text/json">{"id":82174,"name":"University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30615115]'), work: {"id":30615115,"title":"REVOCATION OF ACADEMIC DEGREES BY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES","created_at":"2016-12-26T10:40:40.480-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30615115/REVOCATION_OF_ACADEMIC_DEGREES_BY_COLLEGES_AND_UNIVERSITIES?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_30615115","summary":"\nRecently, courts have decided that private and public colleges and universities can revoke degrees due to academic dishonesty. A university's authority to revoke degrees is supported by a logical extension of its conferral power, \"black letter\" contract law, and the precedential authority of Crook v. Baker, Waliga v. Board of Trustees of Kent State University, and Abalkhail v. Claremont University Center.\n\nAlthough colleges enjoy great discretion in deciding whether to confer degrees, once the college grants a degree, its discretion to revoke that degree is governed by due process guidelines. In Crook, the university involved was public, triggering the applicability of due process procedural safeguards. \n\nThe question remains--are private colleges and universities required to provide procedural safeguards to students faced with degree revocation? The receipt of state and federal financial assistance does not constitute state action. Although private universities are not required to afford the complete package of constitutional due process protections, courts expect them to provide minimal procedural protection to ensure fundamental fairness. Clearly, both public and private universities possess the authority to revoke degrees already conferred. \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51063502,"asset_id":30615115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56456685,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Reams","domain_name":"stmarysuniversity","page_name":"BernardReams","display_name":"Bernard Reams","profile_url":"https://stmarysuniversity.academia.edu/BernardReams?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":67833,"name":"Academic Dishonesty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Dishonesty?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":82174,"name":"University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":256922,"name":"Colleges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colleges?f_ri=2098"},{"id":510630,"name":"Discretion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discretion?f_ri=2098"},{"id":968860,"name":"Public and Private","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_and_Private?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1000635,"name":"State Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Action?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2569167,"name":"revocation of academic degrees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/revocation_of_academic_degrees?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2597273,"name":"procedural safeguards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/procedural_safeguards?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2598884,"name":"Waliga v. Board of Trustees of Kent State University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waliga_v._Board_of_Trustees_of_Kent_State_University?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2598885,"name":"Crook v. Baker","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crook_v._Baker?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2598886,"name":"Abalkhail v. Claremont University Center","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abalkhail_v._Claremont_University_Center?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77893609" data-work_id="77893609" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77893609/Breach_of_the_arbitration_agreement_under_Venezuelan_Law_An_overview">Breach of the arbitration agreement under Venezuelan Law: An overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Under Venezuelan law, as in other jurisdictions, an arbitration agreement imposes to parties the obligation to refer present or future disputes to arbitration. Since an arbitration agreement is a legally binding agreement, the study of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77893609" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Under Venezuelan law, as in other jurisdictions, an arbitration agreement imposes to parties the obligation to refer present or future disputes to arbitration. Since an arbitration agreement is a legally binding agreement, the study of their obligations could be performed under the principles of the law of contract. The breach of the obligations derived from the arbitration agreement legitimizes and entitles the injured parties to a various set of remedies and opens a wide view on disputes resolution. These lines present a general overview of the topic from a Venezuelan Law's perspective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77893609" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70df52770f4851f1c538d294f65f95ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85129427,"asset_id":77893609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85129427/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3282556" href="https://ucab.academia.edu/JorgeIGonz%C3%A1lezCarvajal">Jorge I. González Carvajal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3282556" type="text/json">{"id":3282556,"first_name":"Jorge I.","last_name":"González Carvajal","domain_name":"ucab","page_name":"JorgeIGonzálezCarvajal","display_name":"Jorge I. González Carvajal","profile_url":"https://ucab.academia.edu/JorgeIGonz%C3%A1lezCarvajal?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3282556/1089248/68650657/s65_jorge_i.gonz_lez_carvajal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77893609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77893609"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77893609, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77893609", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77893609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77893609; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77893609"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77893609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77893609"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77893609; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77893609]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77893609").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77893609").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77893609"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="550" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts">Contracts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="550" type="text/json">{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration">International Arbitration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3744" type="text/json">{"id":3744,"name":"International Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration">Arbitration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3745" type="text/json">{"id":3745,"name":"Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77893609]'), work: {"id":77893609,"title":"Breach of the arbitration agreement under Venezuelan Law: An overview","created_at":"2022-04-28T13:57:34.987-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77893609/Breach_of_the_arbitration_agreement_under_Venezuelan_Law_An_overview?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_77893609","summary":"Under Venezuelan law, as in other jurisdictions, an arbitration agreement imposes to parties the obligation to refer present or future disputes to arbitration. Since an arbitration agreement is a legally binding agreement, the study of their obligations could be performed under the principles of the law of contract. The breach of the obligations derived from the arbitration agreement legitimizes and entitles the injured parties to a various set of remedies and opens a wide view on disputes resolution. These lines present a general overview of the topic from a Venezuelan Law's perspective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85129427,"asset_id":77893609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3282556,"first_name":"Jorge I.","last_name":"González Carvajal","domain_name":"ucab","page_name":"JorgeIGonzálezCarvajal","display_name":"Jorge I. González Carvajal","profile_url":"https://ucab.academia.edu/JorgeIGonz%C3%A1lezCarvajal?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3282556/1089248/68650657/s65_jorge_i.gonz_lez_carvajal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3744,"name":"International Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3745,"name":"Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6015,"name":"Arbitration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9381,"name":"International Commercial Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Arbitration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":63611,"name":"International Commercial Law - arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Law_-_arbitration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":106687,"name":"Derecho Procesal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Procesal?f_ri=2098"},{"id":107967,"name":"ARBITRAGEM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARBITRAGEM?f_ri=2098"},{"id":138768,"name":"Derecho Procesal Civil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Procesal_Civil?f_ri=2098"},{"id":141646,"name":"Arbitraje Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitraje_Internacional?f_ri=2098"},{"id":237314,"name":"Arbitrato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitrato?f_ri=2098"},{"id":350260,"name":"Arbitraje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitraje?f_ri=2098"},{"id":373080,"name":"Contratos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratos?f_ri=2098"},{"id":488837,"name":"Arbitraje Y Derecho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitraje_Y_Derecho?f_ri=2098"},{"id":998681,"name":"Arbitraje Administrativo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitraje_Administrativo?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1033290,"name":"Arbitration (International and Domestic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_International_and_Domestic_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1116141,"name":"Litigación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litigacion?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1982426,"name":"Liability of the arbitrator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liability_of_the_arbitrator?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81265592" data-work_id="81265592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81265592/Legal_Framework_on_Public_Private_Partnership_under_Vietnamese_Legislation_An_International_Comparative_Study_and_Lessons_for_Vietnam_">Legal Framework on Public-Private Partnership under Vietnamese Legislation - “An International Comparative Study and Lessons for Vietnam”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As one of the young investment forms in emerging economies around the world, Public-Private Partnerships (“PPP”) have shown that it is one of the best ways to achieve the best of the best characteristics from both public sector and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81265592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As one of the young investment forms in emerging economies around the world, Public-Private Partnerships (“PPP”) have shown that it is one of the best ways to achieve the best of the best characteristics from both public sector and private sectors.  As comparative research, firstly, this paper would provide a general approach on PPP investment format. Next, since 2020 is a milestone for the first official law on PPP ever promulgated in Vietnam, the third chapter of the paper describe several essential sections of the PPP Law 2020 with a brief comparison to the most recent legal framework on PPP of Vietnam - Decree 63. After a review of new and old version of the law on PPP, this paper provide several current legal issues that has been around for a long period of time without effective mechanism to deal with. Besides the remained issues, several loopholes under the new regulations have been found, and it even become more and more evident when compared to international standard and practice from reports of international organisations and those of countries with world-leading PPP legal systems. To sum up, I hold that, beside my recognition for the 20-year rapid development of PPP, the Vietnamese government efforts in attracting more and more foreign and domestic private sectors into public projects for the sustainable development of the county, Vietnam should synchronise, systematise those other legal framework heavily related to PPP projects such as Law on Investment, Bidding Law, Law on Environmental Protection, and other relevant regulations. Besides that, the Law on Information Access although it comes into effect from 2018, it remains to be a “ghost” regulation since it has never been integrated into newer laws and regulations, including Law on PPP 2020. As information disclosure is one of the key parts of this paper, the Author provide substantial rule, regulation and practice in developed countries that can be a model for Vietnam to follow.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81265592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5ec9cd2c431b865bea0e7afbf1631a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87370234,"asset_id":81265592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87370234/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="226326918" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MinhNguyen2917">Minh Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="226326918" type="text/json">{"id":226326918,"first_name":"Minh","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MinhNguyen2917","display_name":"Minh Nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MinhNguyen2917?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/226326918/83388435/72007216/s65_minh.nguyen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81265592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81265592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81265592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81265592", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81265592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81265592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81265592"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81265592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81265592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81265592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81265592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81265592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81265592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81265592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnerships">Public Private Partnerships</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46332" type="text/json">{"id":46332,"name":"Public Private Partnerships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnerships?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67521" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnership">Public Private Partnership</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67521" type="text/json">{"id":67521,"name":"Public Private Partnership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnership?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81265592]'), work: {"id":81265592,"title":"Legal Framework on Public-Private Partnership under Vietnamese Legislation - “An International Comparative Study and Lessons for Vietnam”","created_at":"2022-06-11T19:04:54.173-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81265592/Legal_Framework_on_Public_Private_Partnership_under_Vietnamese_Legislation_An_International_Comparative_Study_and_Lessons_for_Vietnam_?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_81265592","summary":"As one of the young investment forms in emerging economies around the world, Public-Private Partnerships (“PPP”) have shown that it is one of the best ways to achieve the best of the best characteristics from both public sector and private sectors. As comparative research, firstly, this paper would provide a general approach on PPP investment format. Next, since 2020 is a milestone for the first official law on PPP ever promulgated in Vietnam, the third chapter of the paper describe several essential sections of the PPP Law 2020 with a brief comparison to the most recent legal framework on PPP of Vietnam - Decree 63. After a review of new and old version of the law on PPP, this paper provide several current legal issues that has been around for a long period of time without effective mechanism to deal with. Besides the remained issues, several loopholes under the new regulations have been found, and it even become more and more evident when compared to international standard and practice from reports of international organisations and those of countries with world-leading PPP legal systems. To sum up, I hold that, beside my recognition for the 20-year rapid development of PPP, the Vietnamese government efforts in attracting more and more foreign and domestic private sectors into public projects for the sustainable development of the county, Vietnam should synchronise, systematise those other legal framework heavily related to PPP projects such as Law on Investment, Bidding Law, Law on Environmental Protection, and other relevant regulations. Besides that, the Law on Information Access although it comes into effect from 2018, it remains to be a “ghost” regulation since it has never been integrated into newer laws and regulations, including Law on PPP 2020. As information disclosure is one of the key parts of this paper, the Author provide substantial rule, regulation and practice in developed countries that can be a model for Vietnam to follow.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87370234,"asset_id":81265592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":226326918,"first_name":"Minh","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MinhNguyen2917","display_name":"Minh Nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MinhNguyen2917?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/226326918/83388435/72007216/s65_minh.nguyen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":46332,"name":"Public Private Partnerships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnerships?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":67521,"name":"Public Private Partnership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Private_Partnership?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45049001" data-work_id="45049001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45049001/Introduction_to_Private_Law_3rd_ed_Il_Mulino_Bologna_2021">Introduction to Private Law, 3rd ed., Il Mulino, Bologna, 2021</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Against the backdrop of the predominant legal positivism, this book strives to depict private law as a complex social phenomenon interacting with human culture as a whole and its history. The author sketches the national jurisdictions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45049001" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Against the backdrop of the predominant legal positivism, this book strives to depict private law as a complex social phenomenon interacting with human culture as a whole and its history. The author sketches the national jurisdictions belonging to the Western legal tradition, as well as the supranational trends that point towards a global law. In particular, the rise of a European law is accounted for not only within the framework of the Union, but also through the development of a rediscovered ius commune that has emerged from comparative studies conducted by scholars and from the dialogue among national and international courts. Traditional doctrines regarding juridical facts and rights are presented as analytical tools aimed to construct a jurisprudence that extends beyond national borders.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45049001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c2bcf7b52db1f9cd7bf6bb1e28a9947" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65602217,"asset_id":45049001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65602217/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21903028" href="https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena">Pietro Sirena</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21903028" type="text/json">{"id":21903028,"first_name":"Pietro","last_name":"Sirena","domain_name":"unibocconi","page_name":"PietroSirena","display_name":"Pietro Sirena","profile_url":"https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21903028/8054844/9020027/s65_pietro.sirena.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45049001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45049001"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45049001, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45049001", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45049001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45049001; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45049001"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45049001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45049001"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45049001; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45049001]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45049001").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45049001").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45049001"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="542" type="text/json">{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45049001]'), work: {"id":45049001,"title":"Introduction to Private Law, 3rd ed., Il Mulino, Bologna, 2021","created_at":"2021-02-04T01:59:30.050-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45049001/Introduction_to_Private_Law_3rd_ed_Il_Mulino_Bologna_2021?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_45049001","summary":"Against the backdrop of the predominant legal positivism, this book strives to depict private law as a complex social phenomenon interacting with human culture as a whole and its history. The author sketches the national jurisdictions belonging to the Western legal tradition, as well as the supranational trends that point towards a global law. In particular, the rise of a European law is accounted for not only within the framework of the Union, but also through the development of a rediscovered ius commune that has emerged from comparative studies conducted by scholars and from the dialogue among national and international courts. Traditional doctrines regarding juridical facts and rights are presented as analytical tools aimed to construct a jurisprudence that extends beyond national borders.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65602217,"asset_id":45049001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21903028,"first_name":"Pietro","last_name":"Sirena","domain_name":"unibocconi","page_name":"PietroSirena","display_name":"Pietro Sirena","profile_url":"https://unibocconi.academia.edu/PietroSirena?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21903028/8054844/9020027/s65_pietro.sirena.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7946,"name":"Comparative Private Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Private_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8080,"name":"Law of Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":18521,"name":"Direito","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito?f_ri=2098"},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":96042,"name":"Derecho Privado","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Privado?f_ri=2098"},{"id":205558,"name":"Droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit?f_ri=2098"},{"id":293423,"name":"Transnational law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":518324,"name":"Italian Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Civil_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":619864,"name":"Droit Privé","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Priv%C3%A9?f_ri=2098"},{"id":636059,"name":"Transnational Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Law-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":636682,"name":"Private Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Law-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":643600,"name":"Direito Privado","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Privado?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39951639" data-work_id="39951639" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39951639/NOTES_ON_THE_LAW_OF_CONTRACT_By_DATIUS_DIDACE">NOTES ON THE LAW OF CONTRACT By DATIUS DIDACE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A contract is legally enforceable because it meets the requirements and approval of the law. An agreement typically involves the exchange of goods, services, money, or promises of any of those. In the event of breach of contract, the law... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39951639" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A contract is legally enforceable because it meets the requirements and approval of the law. An agreement typically involves the exchange of goods, services, money, or promises of any of those. In the event of breach of contract, the law awards the injured party access to legal remedies such as damages and cancellation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39951639" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78ad71b3440117a8056c31c1f8ed4440" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60139444,"asset_id":39951639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60139444/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71127995" href="https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE">DATIUS DIDACE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71127995" type="text/json">{"id":71127995,"first_name":"DATIUS","last_name":"DIDACE","domain_name":"lawschooloftanzania","page_name":"DATIUSDIDACE","display_name":"DATIUS DIDACE","profile_url":"https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71127995/20152975/54705261/s65_datius.didace.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39951639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39951639"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39951639, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39951639", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39951639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39951639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39951639"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39951639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39951639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39951639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39951639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39951639").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39951639").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39951639"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law">Corporate Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2095" type="text/json">{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39951639]'), work: {"id":39951639,"title":"NOTES ON THE LAW OF CONTRACT By DATIUS DIDACE","created_at":"2019-07-28T07:48:16.238-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39951639/NOTES_ON_THE_LAW_OF_CONTRACT_By_DATIUS_DIDACE?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_39951639","summary":"A contract is legally enforceable because it meets the requirements and approval of the law. An agreement typically involves the exchange of goods, services, money, or promises of any of those. In the event of breach of contract, the law awards the injured party access to legal remedies such as damages and cancellation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60139444,"asset_id":39951639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71127995,"first_name":"DATIUS","last_name":"DIDACE","domain_name":"lawschooloftanzania","page_name":"DATIUSDIDACE","display_name":"DATIUS DIDACE","profile_url":"https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71127995/20152975/54705261/s65_datius.didace.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":144892,"name":"Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agreement?f_ri=2098"},{"id":156897,"name":"Breach of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breach_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":188846,"name":"Damages for breach of contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damages_for_breach_of_contract?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6193168" data-work_id="6193168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6193168/FIDIC_1987_reprinted_in_1988_and_1992">FIDIC 1987 reprinted in 1988 and 1992.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6193168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fbae4762da7c8a4a3723db5827bbdf9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33072004,"asset_id":6193168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33072004/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7417309" href="https://bahria.academia.edu/RajaHaroonAhmed">Raja Haroon Ahmed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7417309" type="text/json">{"id":7417309,"first_name":"Raja Haroon","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"bahria","page_name":"RajaHaroonAhmed","display_name":"Raja Haroon Ahmed","profile_url":"https://bahria.academia.edu/RajaHaroonAhmed?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7417309/3006266/74089819/s65_raja_haroon.ahmed.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6193168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6193168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6193168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6193168", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6193168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6193168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6193168"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6193168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6193168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6193168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6193168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6193168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6193168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6193168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="550" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts">Contracts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="550" type="text/json">{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6193168]'), work: {"id":6193168,"title":"FIDIC 1987 reprinted in 1988 and 1992.","created_at":"2014-02-24T11:45:19.371-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6193168/FIDIC_1987_reprinted_in_1988_and_1992?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_6193168","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33072004,"asset_id":6193168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7417309,"first_name":"Raja Haroon","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"bahria","page_name":"RajaHaroonAhmed","display_name":"Raja Haroon Ahmed","profile_url":"https://bahria.academia.edu/RajaHaroonAhmed?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7417309/3006266/74089819/s65_raja_haroon.ahmed.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":68148,"name":"Fidic Book","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fidic_Book?f_ri=2098"},{"id":158324,"name":"Construction Contract Pricing Strategy and Standard Forms of Contract in Different Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Contract_Pricing_Strategy_and_Standard_Forms_of_Contract_in_Different_Countries?f_ri=2098"},{"id":305953,"name":"Construction contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_contracts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":362941,"name":"Conditions of Contract in Construction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditions_of_Contract_in_Construction?f_ri=2098"},{"id":437458,"name":"Role of engineer in contract condition as per FIDIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role_of_engineer_in_contract_condition_as_per_FIDIC?f_ri=2098"},{"id":470354,"name":"Role of Engineer in Fidic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role_of_Engineer_in_Fidic?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1064767,"name":"Types of Construction Contracts Pdf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Types_of_Construction_Contracts_Pdf?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1260082,"name":"Law In Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_In_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1301250,"name":"Contruction Law and FIDIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contruction_Law_and_FIDIC?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1934658" data-work_id="1934658" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1934658/J_Doomen_Salvaging_Law_and_Economics">J. Doomen, Salvaging Law and Economics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1934658" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind seems problematic. What the consequences of the criticism mean for Law and Economics’ tenability depends largely on the questions whether (1) some elements are unassailable to the alternative’s objections and (2) the alternative is a systematic whole. It is argued that Law and Economics may be salvaged, if it is minimized and its ambitions are tempered. This means focusing on the stable, a priori, elements inherent to it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1934658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6423f7050b48ca3925b132ada5fb904" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30965655,"asset_id":1934658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30965655/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2261419" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen">Jasper Doomen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2261419" type="text/json">{"id":2261419,"first_name":"Jasper","last_name":"Doomen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasperDoomen","display_name":"Jasper Doomen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1934658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1934658"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1934658, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1934658", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1934658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1934658; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1934658"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1934658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1934658"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1934658; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1934658]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1934658").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1934658").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1934658"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">187</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="223" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology">Applied Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="223" type="text/json">{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="224" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Science">Behavioural Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="224" type="text/json">{"id":224,"name":"Behavioural Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Science?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1934658]'), work: {"id":1934658,"title":"J. Doomen, Salvaging Law and Economics","created_at":"2012-09-13T20:33:28.150-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1934658/J_Doomen_Salvaging_Law_and_Economics?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_1934658","summary":"Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind seems problematic. What the consequences of the criticism mean for Law and Economics’ tenability depends largely on the questions whether (1) some elements are unassailable to the alternative’s objections and (2) the alternative is a systematic whole. It is argued that Law and Economics may be salvaged, if it is minimized and its ambitions are tempered. This means focusing on the stable, a priori, elements inherent to it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30965655,"asset_id":1934658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2261419,"first_name":"Jasper","last_name":"Doomen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JasperDoomen","display_name":"Jasper Doomen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JasperDoomen?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":224,"name":"Behavioural Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Science?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":227,"name":"Psychological Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Assessment?f_ri=2098"},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":552,"name":"Labor Law (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Law_Law_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":737,"name":"Law And Economics (Economics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_And_Economics_Economics_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":751,"name":"Labor Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":757,"name":"Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":764,"name":"Macroeconomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macroeconomics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":790,"name":"Psychological Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Anthropology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1047,"name":"Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1735,"name":"History of Economic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1932,"name":"Business \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Society?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2784,"name":"Judgment and decision making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment_and_decision_making?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2788,"name":"Judgment and Decision Making (Judgment And Decision Making)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment_and_Decision_Making_Judgment_And_Decision_Making_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3018,"name":"Motivation (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation_Psychology_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3730,"name":"Philosophy of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3767,"name":"Law and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Society?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3837,"name":"Economical Analysis of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economical_Analysis_of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4275,"name":"Decision Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4432,"name":"Theoretical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4834,"name":"Economic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Anthropology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5529,"name":"Hindsight bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hindsight_bias?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5844,"name":"Labour Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7052,"name":"Behavior (Behaviour)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Behaviour_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7495,"name":"Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8208,"name":"Rational Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8209,"name":"Decision And Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_And_Game_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8210,"name":"Behavioral Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Decision_Making?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8235,"name":"Philosophy Of Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":8780,"name":"Cognitive Neuropsychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuropsychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9078,"name":"Economic Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9456,"name":"Emotions (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9538,"name":"Consumer Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behavior?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12142,"name":"Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bias?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":14192,"name":"Legal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15708,"name":"Bounded Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bounded_Rationality?f_ri=2098"},{"id":16097,"name":"Decision Making Under Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making_Under_Uncertainty?f_ri=2098"},{"id":17598,"name":"Labour Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":21650,"name":"Social cognition (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_cognition_Psychology_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":22254,"name":"Cognitive Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Bias?f_ri=2098"},{"id":23038,"name":"Practical Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Rationality?f_ri=2098"},{"id":23675,"name":"Labor law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":24330,"name":"Macro Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macro_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":25660,"name":"Decision Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":27183,"name":"Decision-Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision-Making?f_ri=2098"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":28151,"name":"Rational Choice Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":28152,"name":"Homo Economicus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homo_Economicus?f_ri=2098"},{"id":30601,"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Neuroscience?f_ri=2098"},{"id":31514,"name":"Behavior Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Analysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":31758,"name":"Economic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":37828,"name":"Behavioral Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":42814,"name":"Ethics and economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":43437,"name":"Behavioural Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":51360,"name":"Economia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia?f_ri=2098"},{"id":52867,"name":"Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationality?f_ri=2098"},{"id":56277,"name":"Law and Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Social_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":56667,"name":"Economía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econom%C3%ADa?f_ri=2098"},{"id":60475,"name":"Behavioral Law \u0026 Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":64633,"name":"Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society?f_ri=2098"},{"id":65409,"name":"Economic Analysis of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Analysis_of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":65481,"name":"Labor Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Laws?f_ri=2098"},{"id":65693,"name":"Rechtsphilosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtsphilosophie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":67135,"name":"Psicología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=2098"},{"id":67356,"name":"Economics and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":72175,"name":"Applied Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Social_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":72906,"name":"Psikoloji","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psikoloji?f_ri=2098"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal?f_ri=2098"},{"id":74600,"name":"Psychologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychologie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":75065,"name":"Psycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psycology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":76235,"name":"Human Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Behaviour?f_ri=2098"},{"id":87745,"name":"Behavioural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":87818,"name":"Human behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_behavior?f_ri=2098"},{"id":88656,"name":"Cognitive Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Biases?f_ri=2098"},{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":92709,"name":"Psychology and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":93836,"name":"Economic analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_analysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":96652,"name":"Wirtschaftswissenschaften","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wirtschaftswissenschaften?f_ri=2098"},{"id":98899,"name":"Psikologi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psikologi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":106151,"name":"Psychological and Behavioral Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_and_Behavioral_Disorders?f_ri=2098"},{"id":108236,"name":"Psicologia Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicologia_Social?f_ri=2098"},{"id":108436,"name":"Behavioral Economics, Game Theory, Experimental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics_Game_Theory_Experimental_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":109116,"name":"Microeconomics, Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microeconomics_Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":114239,"name":"Ekonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ekonomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":115200,"name":"Psicologia Cognitiva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicologia_Cognitiva?f_ri=2098"},{"id":115256,"name":"Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biases?f_ri=2098"},{"id":116537,"name":"Heuristics and Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics_and_Biases?f_ri=2098"},{"id":117219,"name":"Cognitive Bias Modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Bias_Modification?f_ri=2098"},{"id":120536,"name":"Economical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economical_Analysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":123612,"name":"Psicología Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicolog%C3%ADa_Social-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":129700,"name":"Social Psycology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psycology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":143971,"name":"Psychologie Sociale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychologie_Sociale?f_ri=2098"},{"id":144103,"name":"Rational Choice Theory; Sociology of Religion; Homo Economicus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rational_Choice_Theory_Sociology_of_Religion_Homo_Economicus?f_ri=2098"},{"id":147285,"name":"Análise econômica do direito","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analise_economica_do_direito?f_ri=2098"},{"id":160308,"name":"Behavioral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":179258,"name":"Scienze economiche e sociali","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scienze_economiche_e_sociali?f_ri=2098"},{"id":187325,"name":"Economie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":208641,"name":"Psihologija","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psihologija?f_ri=2098"},{"id":221919,"name":"Behavioural Psychology, Behavioural economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Psychology_Behavioural_economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":241905,"name":"The Rational Actor Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Rational_Actor_Model?f_ri=2098"},{"id":247787,"name":"Economische Wetenschap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economische_Wetenschap?f_ri=2098"},{"id":248269,"name":"Análisis Económico del Derecho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/An%C3%A1lisis_Econ%C3%B3mico_del_Derecho?f_ri=2098"},{"id":250070,"name":"Labour laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_laws?f_ri=2098"},{"id":251894,"name":"Qualitative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Analysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":260936,"name":"Iktisat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iktisat?f_ri=2098"},{"id":270788,"name":"Economics and Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":271127,"name":"Science économique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_economique?f_ri=2098"},{"id":273878,"name":"Psykology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psykology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":312916,"name":"Ökonomie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Okonomie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":339165,"name":"Ekonomik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ekonomik?f_ri=2098"},{"id":347256,"name":"Análisis Económico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analisis_Economico?f_ri=2098"},{"id":358322,"name":"Pszichológia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pszichologia?f_ri=2098"},{"id":399361,"name":"Daniel Kahneman","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daniel_Kahneman?f_ri=2098"},{"id":419504,"name":"Heuristic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristic?f_ri=2098"},{"id":485100,"name":"Rechtswissenschaften","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtswissenschaften?f_ri=2098"},{"id":499845,"name":"Social Psychology and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology_and_Behavioral_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":528743,"name":"Behavioral Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Biases?f_ri=2098"},{"id":532869,"name":"Histoire de la pensée économique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_pensee_economique?f_ri=2098"},{"id":534134,"name":"Heuristic Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristic_Methods?f_ri=2098"},{"id":586122,"name":"Economics and Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_and_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":605185,"name":"Behavioral Law and Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Law_and_Economics-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":616845,"name":"Psychologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychologia?f_ri=2098"},{"id":626894,"name":"Psykologi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psykologi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":628060,"name":"Behavioral Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":699923,"name":"Viés De Seleção","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vies_De_Selecao?f_ri=2098"},{"id":723774,"name":"экономика","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?f_ri=2098"},{"id":764842,"name":"Analisi Economica Del Diritto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analisi_Economica_Del_Diritto?f_ri=2098"},{"id":854391,"name":"Analisi Economica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analisi_Economica?f_ri=2098"},{"id":882034,"name":"Economía y sociedad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economia_y_sociedad?f_ri=2098"},{"id":883401,"name":"Rechtswissenschaft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtswissenschaft?f_ri=2098"},{"id":906711,"name":"Applied Behavioral Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Behavioral_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":975456,"name":"Heuristics and Biasess","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics_and_Biasess?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1008273,"name":"Sesgos Cognitivos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sesgos_Cognitivos?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1122591,"name":"Consumer Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behaviour?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1130749,"name":"Psychological Biases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Biases?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1164688,"name":"Rechtsgeleerdheid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtsgeleerdheid?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1169359,"name":"Behaviourial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behaviourial_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1197861,"name":"Psicologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicologia-2?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1205408,"name":"Analisis Economico Del Derecho","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analisis_Economico_Del_Derecho?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1218797,"name":"Rechtspsychologie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtspsychologie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1226770,"name":"Behavioural Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioural_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1243813,"name":"Sciences économiques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciences_economiques?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1259160,"name":"Okonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Okonomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1276439,"name":"Rechtsgeleerdheid, Rechtswetenschap, Methode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtsgeleerdheid_Rechtswetenschap_Methode?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1301145,"name":"Analyse éConomique Du Droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analyse_eConomique_Du_Droit?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1397881,"name":"Heuristics and Biases In Judgment and Decision-making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics_and_Biases_In_Judgment_and_Decision-making?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1405150,"name":"Behavioral Economic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economic?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1413289,"name":"Rechten","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechten?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1527947,"name":"Taloustiede","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taloustiede?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1557981,"name":"Les Sciences économiques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Les_Sciences_economiques?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1593453,"name":"Hagfræði","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hagfraedi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1774349,"name":"Verhaltensökonomik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Verhaltens%C3%B6konomik?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1851238,"name":"Bias Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bias_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447076,"name":"Retsøkonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rets%C3%B8konomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447079,"name":"Oikeustaloustiede","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oikeustaloustiede?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447080,"name":"Rettsøkonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retts%C3%B8konomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447081,"name":"Hukum dan ekonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hukum_dan_ekonomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447082,"name":"Право и икономика","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447083,"name":"Rättsekonomi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R%C3%A4ttsekonomi?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447084,"name":"Balaod ngan ekonomika","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balaod_ngan_ekonomika?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447085,"name":"Economische analyse van het recht","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economische_analyse_van_het_recht?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2447086,"name":"法律经济学","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2452916,"name":"Rechtseconomie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtseconomie?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2452917,"name":"Rechtseconomische analyse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtseconomische_analyse?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40174687 coauthored" data-work_id="40174687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40174687/Regulating_Blockchain_Techno_Social_and_Legal_Challenges_An_Introduction">Regulating Blockchain: Techno-Social and Legal Challenges – An Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main legal and policy implications of blockchain technology. It proceeds in four steps. First, the chapter traces the technical and legal evolution of blockchain applications since the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40174687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main legal and policy implications of blockchain technology. It proceeds in four steps. First, the chapter traces the technical and legal evolution of blockchain applications since the early days of bitcoin, highlighting in particular the political ambitions and tensions that have marked many of these projects from the start. Second, it shows how blockchain applications have created new calculative spaces of financial markets that seek to challenge existing forms of money. Third, it discusses the core points of friction with incumbent legal systems, with a particular focus on the regulability of decentralized systems in general and data protection concerns in particular. Fourth, the chapter provides an outline to the contributions to the volume, which span a wide array of topics at the intersection of blockchain, law, and politics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40174687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15704afaa260136f4db1ae1ea0231f82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60396715,"asset_id":40174687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60396715/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29671056" href="https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker">Philipp Hacker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29671056" type="text/json">{"id":29671056,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Hacker","domain_name":"europa-uni","page_name":"PhilippHacker","display_name":"Philipp Hacker","profile_url":"https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29671056/8527428/29948049/s65_philipp.hacker.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40174687">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40174687"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hbku.academia.edu/GeorgiosDimitropoulos">Georgios Dimitropoulos</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/StefanEich">Stefan Eich</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40174687'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40174687').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40174687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40174687"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40174687, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40174687", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40174687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40174687; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40174687"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40174687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40174687"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40174687; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40174687]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40174687").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40174687").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40174687"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2709" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Law">Competition Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2709" type="text/json">{"id":2709,"name":"Competition Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance">Regulation And Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3287" type="text/json">{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13495" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law">Information Technology Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13495" type="text/json">{"id":13495,"name":"Information Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40174687]'), work: {"id":40174687,"title":"Regulating Blockchain: Techno-Social and Legal Challenges – An Introduction","created_at":"2019-08-26T01:22:57.874-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40174687/Regulating_Blockchain_Techno_Social_and_Legal_Challenges_An_Introduction?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_40174687","summary":"This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main legal and policy implications of blockchain technology. It proceeds in four steps. First, the chapter traces the technical and legal evolution of blockchain applications since the early days of bitcoin, highlighting in particular the political ambitions and tensions that have marked many of these projects from the start. Second, it shows how blockchain applications have created new calculative spaces of financial markets that seek to challenge existing forms of money. Third, it discusses the core points of friction with incumbent legal systems, with a particular focus on the regulability of decentralized systems in general and data protection concerns in particular. Fourth, the chapter provides an outline to the contributions to the volume, which span a wide array of topics at the intersection of blockchain, law, and politics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60396715,"asset_id":40174687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29671056,"first_name":"Philipp","last_name":"Hacker","domain_name":"europa-uni","page_name":"PhilippHacker","display_name":"Philipp Hacker","profile_url":"https://europa-uni.academia.edu/PhilippHacker?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29671056/8527428/29948049/s65_philipp.hacker.jpg"},{"id":885784,"first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Dimitropoulos","domain_name":"hbku","page_name":"GeorgiosDimitropoulos","display_name":"Georgios Dimitropoulos","profile_url":"https://hbku.academia.edu/GeorgiosDimitropoulos?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885784/322598/33406019/s65_georgios.dimitropoulos.jpg"},{"id":74930,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Eich","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"StefanEich","display_name":"Stefan Eich","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/StefanEich?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74930/20668/19979871/s65_stefan.eich.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2709,"name":"Competition Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":13495,"name":"Information Technology Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":15181,"name":"Anti-money laundering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-money_laundering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":92007,"name":"Privacy and data protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_and_data_protection?f_ri=2098"},{"id":281112,"name":"Bitcoin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bitcoin?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1450126,"name":"Blockchains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blockchains?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2415689,"name":"Ethereum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethereum?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2472080,"name":"Smart Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smart_Contracts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2873481,"name":"Initial Coin Offerings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Initial_Coin_Offerings?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42147456" data-work_id="42147456" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42147456/INTRODUCTION_TO_ADMINISTRATIVE_LAW_NOTES_BY_DATIUS_DIDACE">INTRODUCTION TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW NOTES -BY: DATIUS DIDACE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Administrative law as “the law concerning the powers and procedures of administrative agencies, including especially the law governing judicial review of administrative action.”</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42147456" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad97b1bf614c12048dda301a4cfc1c2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62286235,"asset_id":42147456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62286235/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71127995" href="https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE">DATIUS DIDACE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71127995" type="text/json">{"id":71127995,"first_name":"DATIUS","last_name":"DIDACE","domain_name":"lawschooloftanzania","page_name":"DATIUSDIDACE","display_name":"DATIUS DIDACE","profile_url":"https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71127995/20152975/54705261/s65_datius.didace.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42147456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42147456"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42147456, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42147456", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42147456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42147456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42147456"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42147456 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42147456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42147456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42147456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42147456").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42147456").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42147456"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice">Criminal Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="537" type="text/json">{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42147456]'), work: {"id":42147456,"title":"INTRODUCTION TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW NOTES -BY: DATIUS DIDACE","created_at":"2020-03-05T12:30:25.296-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42147456/INTRODUCTION_TO_ADMINISTRATIVE_LAW_NOTES_BY_DATIUS_DIDACE?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_42147456","summary":"Administrative law as “the law concerning the powers and procedures of administrative agencies, including especially the law governing judicial review of administrative action.”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62286235,"asset_id":42147456,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71127995,"first_name":"DATIUS","last_name":"DIDACE","domain_name":"lawschooloftanzania","page_name":"DATIUSDIDACE","display_name":"DATIUS DIDACE","profile_url":"https://lawschooloftanzania.academia.edu/DATIUSDIDACE?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71127995/20152975/54705261/s65_datius.didace.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":69093,"name":"Bussiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bussiness?f_ri=2098"},{"id":200742,"name":"Educational admnistration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_admnistration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1064767,"name":"Types of Construction Contracts Pdf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Types_of_Construction_Contracts_Pdf?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72799618" data-work_id="72799618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72799618/Burkitt_lymphoma_following_splenic_marginal_zone_lymphoma">Burkitt lymphoma following splenic marginal zone lymphoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report the progression of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with circulating villous lymphocytes to Burkitt lymphoma with the presence of a t(8;14)(q24;q32) followed by a highly aggressive course. While the initial indolent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72799618" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report the progression of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with circulating villous lymphocytes to Burkitt lymphoma with the presence of a t(8;14)(q24;q32) followed by a highly aggressive course. While the initial indolent lymphoma had an IgM λ immunophenotype the Burkitt lymphoma was IgM κ-positive. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) sequence analysis showed no identity between the two clones. We conclude that Burkitt lymphoma can occur in patients with SMZL, although not necessarily of identical clonal origin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72799618" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6737d9684e137a2360f63abbbe319ea2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81582719,"asset_id":72799618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81582719/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="155454715" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TrangLe605">Trang Le</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="155454715" type="text/json">{"id":155454715,"first_name":"Trang","last_name":"Le","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TrangLe605","display_name":"Trang Le","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TrangLe605?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72799618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72799618"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72799618, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72799618", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72799618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72799618; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72799618"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72799618 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72799618"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72799618; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72799618]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72799618").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72799618").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72799618"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis">Sequence Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29082" type="text/json">{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72799618]'), work: {"id":72799618,"title":"Burkitt lymphoma following splenic marginal zone lymphoma","created_at":"2022-03-02T07:17:14.425-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72799618/Burkitt_lymphoma_following_splenic_marginal_zone_lymphoma?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_72799618","summary":"We report the progression of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with circulating villous lymphocytes to Burkitt lymphoma with the presence of a t(8;14)(q24;q32) followed by a highly aggressive course. While the initial indolent lymphoma had an IgM λ immunophenotype the Burkitt lymphoma was IgM κ-positive. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) sequence analysis showed no identity between the two clones. We conclude that Burkitt lymphoma can occur in patients with SMZL, although not necessarily of identical clonal origin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81582719,"asset_id":72799618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":155454715,"first_name":"Trang","last_name":"Le","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TrangLe605","display_name":"Trang Le","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TrangLe605?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":39001,"name":"Pathophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathophysiology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":52409,"name":"Cancer Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Genetics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":63890,"name":"Complication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=2098"},{"id":65882,"name":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization?f_ri=2098"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=2098"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=2098"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=2098"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=2098"},{"id":678853,"name":"B Lymphocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/B_Lymphocytes?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1022415,"name":"Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1146802,"name":"Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Splenic_Marginal_Zone_Lymphoma?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1312086,"name":"Immunoglobulins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulins?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1540645,"name":"Chromosome Translocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromosome_Translocation?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65031574" data-work_id="65031574" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65031574/The_Trouble_with_Tort_Why_Deception_in_Bhasin_Cannot_Presently_Be_Deceit">The Trouble with Tort: Why Deception in _Bhasin_ Cannot Presently Be Deceit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article identifies the chief impediment to a tortious response to mischief of the kind seen in _Bhasin v. Hrynew_, and goes on to explain the nature of the impediment before then considering how the problem may be ultimately... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65031574" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article identifies the chief impediment to a tortious response to mischief of the kind seen in _Bhasin v. Hrynew_, and goes on to explain the nature of the impediment before then considering how the problem may be ultimately overcome. The essence of the present obstacle according to the author is that the nascent notion of “damage” and what it means to suffer “damage” in tort is at odds with recognizing the fact of a justiciable wrong having happened to Bhasin at all. The author’s ultimate conclusion as such is that there is an avenue to address “wrongs” like that done to Bhasin in tort, but that tort must first reconceptualize damage in order to embrace invasions of interests that go beyond the contravention of express rights.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65031574" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30458686" href="https://tru.academia.edu/KrishMaharaj">Krish Maharaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30458686" type="text/json">{"id":30458686,"first_name":"Krish","last_name":"Maharaj","domain_name":"tru","page_name":"KrishMaharaj","display_name":"Krish Maharaj","profile_url":"https://tru.academia.edu/KrishMaharaj?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30458686/13436042/27669250/s65_krish.maharaj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65031574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65031574"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65031574, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65031574", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65031574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65031574; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65031574"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65031574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65031574"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65031574; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65031574]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65031574").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65031574").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65031574"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57230" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damages_law">Damages law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57230" type="text/json">{"id":57230,"name":"Damages law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damages_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67978" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Torts">Law of Torts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="67978" type="text/json">{"id":67978,"name":"Law of Torts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Torts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65031574]'), work: {"id":65031574,"title":"The Trouble with Tort: Why Deception in _Bhasin_ Cannot Presently Be Deceit","created_at":"2021-12-18T16:22:55.687-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65031574/The_Trouble_with_Tort_Why_Deception_in_Bhasin_Cannot_Presently_Be_Deceit?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_65031574","summary":"This article identifies the chief impediment to a tortious response to mischief of the kind seen in _Bhasin v. Hrynew_, and goes on to explain the nature of the impediment before then considering how the problem may be ultimately overcome. The essence of the present obstacle according to the author is that the nascent notion of “damage” and what it means to suffer “damage” in tort is at odds with recognizing the fact of a justiciable wrong having happened to Bhasin at all. The author’s ultimate conclusion as such is that there is an avenue to address “wrongs” like that done to Bhasin in tort, but that tort must first reconceptualize damage in order to embrace invasions of interests that go beyond the contravention of express rights.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30458686,"first_name":"Krish","last_name":"Maharaj","domain_name":"tru","page_name":"KrishMaharaj","display_name":"Krish Maharaj","profile_url":"https://tru.academia.edu/KrishMaharaj?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30458686/13436042/27669250/s65_krish.maharaj.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":57230,"name":"Damages law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damages_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":67978,"name":"Law of Torts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Torts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":188846,"name":"Damages for breach of contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Damages_for_breach_of_contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":450883,"name":"Deceit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deceit?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1813481,"name":"Torts and Damages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Torts_and_Damages?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6106601" data-work_id="6106601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6106601/The_Punitive_Award_As_A_Sanction_In_Contract">The Punitive Award As A Sanction In Contract</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6106601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12af48835a47b69018d534b7fb887be0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33015598,"asset_id":6106601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33015598/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9221657" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/YehudaAdar">Yehuda Adar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9221657" type="text/json">{"id":9221657,"first_name":"Yehuda","last_name":"Adar","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"YehudaAdar","display_name":"Yehuda Adar","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/YehudaAdar?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9221657/2968249/3482745/s65_yehuda.adar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6106601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6106601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6106601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6106601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6106601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6106601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6106601"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6106601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6106601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6106601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6106601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6106601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6106601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6106601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1291752" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Punishment">Civil Punishment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1291752" type="text/json">{"id":1291752,"name":"Civil Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Punishment?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6106601]'), work: {"id":6106601,"title":"The Punitive Award As A Sanction In Contract","created_at":"2014-02-17T04:45:54.357-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6106601/The_Punitive_Award_As_A_Sanction_In_Contract?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_6106601","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33015598,"asset_id":6106601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9221657,"first_name":"Yehuda","last_name":"Adar","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"YehudaAdar","display_name":"Yehuda Adar","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/YehudaAdar?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9221657/2968249/3482745/s65_yehuda.adar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1291752,"name":"Civil Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Punishment?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44357361" data-work_id="44357361" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44357361/Liability_of_Public_Limited_Companies_Inspectors_and_Auditors_in_Iran_and_United_Kingdom">Liability of Public Limited Companies Inspectors and Auditors in Iran and United Kingdom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and Aim: Supervision of Public company is accepted in most legal systems. In the legal system of Iran, inspectors are liable for overseeing Public limited company and in other countries like UK; this is the auditorchr('39')s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44357361" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and Aim: Supervision of Public company is accepted in most legal systems. In the legal system of Iran, inspectors are liable for overseeing Public limited company and in other countries like UK; this is the auditorchr('39')s duty. Given the importance of the proper function of auditors and inspectors in protecting shareholderschr('39') rights, their liability has been considered in numerous rules and judgment.<br />Materials and Methods: For present study, the descriptive approach has been chosen.<br />Ethical Considerations: All ethical considerations as well as authenticity of the texts have been observed.<br />Findings: This article, which deals with comparative study of liability of inspectors and auditors in these two legal systems, first, it described the duties of the "inspector" of the Public limited company in the Iranian legal system along with the legal duties of the auditor in the UK. The findings of this research indicate that failure to process accounts, failure to declare violations or offenses and disclose company trade secrets are the most important examples of behaviors that lead to the emergence of liability of the companychr('39')s inspectors and auditors.<br />Conclusion: In UK, based on statutes and case laws, the responsibility of auditors was acknowledged toward legal person of the company, the third parties as well as shareholders. In Iranian law, the most important related legal reference named Commercial Law Bill (1968) has limited inspectors responsibilities only toward  legal person of the company, the third parties but shareholders should also be added.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44357361" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="364018382318738105abf692ec29bbb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64752355,"asset_id":44357361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64752355/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="175709759" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ILRIlrjournal">Interdisciplinary Legal Research (ILR)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="175709759" type="text/json">{"id":175709759,"first_name":"Interdisciplinary","last_name":"Legal Research (ILR)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ILRIlrjournal","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Legal Research (ILR)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ILRIlrjournal?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/175709759/48714880/36895589/s65_ilr.ilrjournal.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44357361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44357361"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44357361, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44357361", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44357361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44357361; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44357361"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44357361 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44357361"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44357361; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44357361]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44357361").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44357361").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44357361"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44357361]'), work: {"id":44357361,"title":"Liability of Public Limited Companies Inspectors and Auditors in Iran and United Kingdom","created_at":"2020-10-23T09:16:14.148-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44357361/Liability_of_Public_Limited_Companies_Inspectors_and_Auditors_in_Iran_and_United_Kingdom?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_44357361","summary":"Background and Aim: Supervision of Public company is accepted in most legal systems. In the legal system of Iran, inspectors are liable for overseeing Public limited company and in other countries like UK; this is the auditorchr('39')s duty. Given the importance of the proper function of auditors and inspectors in protecting shareholderschr('39') rights, their liability has been considered in numerous rules and judgment.\nMaterials and Methods: For present study, the descriptive approach has been chosen.\nEthical Considerations: All ethical considerations as well as authenticity of the texts have been observed.\nFindings: This article, which deals with comparative study of liability of inspectors and auditors in these two legal systems, first, it described the duties of the \"inspector\" of the Public limited company in the Iranian legal system along with the legal duties of the auditor in the UK. The findings of this research indicate that failure to process accounts, failure to declare violations or offenses and disclose company trade secrets are the most important examples of behaviors that lead to the emergence of liability of the companychr('39')s inspectors and auditors.\nConclusion: In UK, based on statutes and case laws, the responsibility of auditors was acknowledged toward legal person of the company, the third parties as well as shareholders. In Iranian law, the most important related legal reference named Commercial Law Bill (1968) has limited inspectors responsibilities only toward legal person of the company, the third parties but shareholders should also be added.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64752355,"asset_id":44357361,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":175709759,"first_name":"Interdisciplinary","last_name":"Legal Research (ILR)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ILRIlrjournal","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Legal Research (ILR)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ILRIlrjournal?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/175709759/48714880/36895589/s65_ilr.ilrjournal.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11836331" data-work_id="11836331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11836331/Lopposabilit%C3%A9_des_conditions_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_off_line_et_on_line_de_la_suite_dans_les_id%C3%A9es_"> L'opposabilité des conditions générales off-line et on-line: de la suite dans les idées ? </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11836331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d0f37ccf6bd33d41d387c697d8a02e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38890226,"asset_id":11836331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38890226/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28986106" href="https://unamur.academia.edu/QuentinVanEnis">Quentin Van Enis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28986106" type="text/json">{"id":28986106,"first_name":"Quentin","last_name":"Van Enis","domain_name":"unamur","page_name":"QuentinVanEnis","display_name":"Quentin Van Enis","profile_url":"https://unamur.academia.edu/QuentinVanEnis?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28986106/8249741/16961438/s65_quentin.van_enis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11836331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11836331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11836331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11836331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11836331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11836331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11836331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11836331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11836331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11836331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11836331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11836331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11836331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11836331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11836331]'), work: {"id":11836331,"title":" L'opposabilité des conditions générales off-line et on-line: de la suite dans les idées ? ","created_at":"2015-04-07T14:45:51.036-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11836331/Lopposabilit%C3%A9_des_conditions_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales_off_line_et_on_line_de_la_suite_dans_les_id%C3%A9es_?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_11836331","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38890226,"asset_id":11836331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28986106,"first_name":"Quentin","last_name":"Van Enis","domain_name":"unamur","page_name":"QuentinVanEnis","display_name":"Quentin Van Enis","profile_url":"https://unamur.academia.edu/QuentinVanEnis?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28986106/8249741/16961438/s65_quentin.van_enis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46236540" data-work_id="46236540" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46236540/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96">Крижна В. Загальна характеристика договорів щодо розпоряджання майновими правами інтелектуальної власності</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46236540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="648810357470bd75b871586bad0b6c49" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66219753,"asset_id":46236540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66219753/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8584638" href="https://nlu-ua.academia.edu/ValentynaKryzhna%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0">Valentyna Kryzhna (Валентина Крижна)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8584638" type="text/json">{"id":8584638,"first_name":"Valentyna","last_name":"Kryzhna (Валентина Крижна)","domain_name":"nlu-ua","page_name":"ValentynaKryzhnaВалентинаКрижна","display_name":"Valentyna Kryzhna (Валентина Крижна)","profile_url":"https://nlu-ua.academia.edu/ValentynaKryzhna%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8584638/10264026/11454520/s65_valentyna.kryzhna.jpg_oh_0f84bfdafc49f60a3494bd9db09d3108_oe_56a95fdd"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46236540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46236540"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46236540, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46236540", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46236540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46236540; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46236540"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46236540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46236540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46236540; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46236540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46236540").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46236540").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46236540"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="550" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts">Contracts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="550" type="text/json">{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property">Intellectual Property</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="967" type="text/json">{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13151" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law">Intellectual Property Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13151" type="text/json">{"id":13151,"name":"Intellectual Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46236540]'), work: {"id":46236540,"title":"Крижна В. Загальна характеристика договорів щодо розпоряджання майновими правами інтелектуальної власності","created_at":"2021-04-09T07:12:00.101-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46236540/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_46236540","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66219753,"asset_id":46236540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8584638,"first_name":"Valentyna","last_name":"Kryzhna (Валентина Крижна)","domain_name":"nlu-ua","page_name":"ValentynaKryzhnaВалентинаКрижна","display_name":"Valentyna Kryzhna (Валентина Крижна)","profile_url":"https://nlu-ua.academia.edu/ValentynaKryzhna%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8584638/10264026/11454520/s65_valentyna.kryzhna.jpg_oh_0f84bfdafc49f60a3494bd9db09d3108_oe_56a95fdd"}],"research_interests":[{"id":550,"name":"Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":13151,"name":"Intellectual Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":13975,"name":"Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":22464,"name":"Intellectual Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Rights?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2391302,"name":"право інтелектуальної власності","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2576338,"name":"майнові права","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3335502,"name":"Інтелектуальна власність","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3945533,"name":"майнові права інтелектуальної власності","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3945615,"name":"ліцензійний договір","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3945742,"name":"договори в сфері інтелектуальної власності","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38406864" data-work_id="38406864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38406864/Leccion_5_Nociones_b%C3%A1sicas_sobre_la_formaci%C3%B3n_del_contrato">Leccion 5 - Nociones básicas sobre la formación del contrato</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38406864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9aade133634051a542070f7e216d6ed4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58466887,"asset_id":38406864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58466887/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6199413" href="https://pucp.academia.edu/RSaavedra">Renzo E . Saavedra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6199413" type="text/json">{"id":6199413,"first_name":"Renzo","last_name":"Saavedra","domain_name":"pucp","page_name":"RSaavedra","display_name":"Renzo E . Saavedra","profile_url":"https://pucp.academia.edu/RSaavedra?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6199413/2566435/53573196/s65_renzo.saavedra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38406864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38406864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38406864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38406864", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38406864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38406864; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38406864"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38406864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38406864"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38406864; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38406864]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38406864").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38406864").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38406864"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract">Law of Contract</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84904" type="text/json">{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96018" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Contractual">Derecho Contractual</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96018" type="text/json">{"id":96018,"name":"Derecho Contractual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Contractual?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contracts">Law of Contracts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="173813" type="text/json">{"id":173813,"name":"Law of Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38406864]'), work: {"id":38406864,"title":"Leccion 5 - Nociones básicas sobre la formación del contrato","created_at":"2019-02-21T07:40:04.478-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38406864/Leccion_5_Nociones_b%C3%A1sicas_sobre_la_formaci%C3%B3n_del_contrato?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_38406864","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58466887,"asset_id":38406864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6199413,"first_name":"Renzo","last_name":"Saavedra","domain_name":"pucp","page_name":"RSaavedra","display_name":"Renzo E . Saavedra","profile_url":"https://pucp.academia.edu/RSaavedra?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6199413/2566435/53573196/s65_renzo.saavedra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":96018,"name":"Derecho Contractual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Contractual?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":173813,"name":"Law of Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1200573,"name":"Direito dos Contratos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_dos_Contratos?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1419984,"name":"Direito Contratual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Contratual?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2959506,"name":"diritto dei contratti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/diritto_dei_contratti?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19363553" data-work_id="19363553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19363553/Whether_supplying_money_to_wife_for_her_treatment_of_breast_cancer_amount_to_consideration_for_dissolution_of_marriage">Whether supplying money to wife for her treatment of breast cancer amount to consideration for dissolution of marriage?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the above mentioned admitted facts, it is evident that the petitioner needs sufficient amount of money for the treatment of breast cancer. Hence, it cannot be ruled out that in order to save her life by getting money, she agreed for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19363553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the above mentioned admitted facts, it is evident<br />that the petitioner needs sufficient amount of money for the<br />treatment of breast cancer. Hence, it cannot be ruled out that<br />in order to save her life by getting money, she agreed for a<br />settlement of dissolution of marriage. On these facts, a<br />question that came in our mind is as to whether the Court<br />would be justified in granting a decree for divorce on the basis<br />of settlement when the wife is suffering with breast cancer and<br />is in need of money for her treatment and can that be the<br />consideration for dissolution of marriage.<br />REPORTABLE<br />IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA<br />CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION<br />TRANSFER PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 702 OF 2015<br />Vennangot Anuradha Samir …..Petitioner<br />versus<br />Vennangot Mohandas Samir …Respondent<br />Dated;December 02, 2015</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19363553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02d5e6efe4a6840d48bf8c4b74321324" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40579291,"asset_id":19363553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40579291/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34321708" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lawyerbharat">lawyer bharat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34321708" type="text/json">{"id":34321708,"first_name":"lawyer","last_name":"bharat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lawyerbharat","display_name":"lawyer bharat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lawyerbharat?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34321708/10053516/11215003/s65_lawyer.bharat.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19363553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19363553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19363553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19363553", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19363553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19363553; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19363553"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19363553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19363553"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19363553; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19363553]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19363553").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19363553").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19363553"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3687" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law">Family Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3687" type="text/json">{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13875" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage_and_Divorce">Marriage and Divorce</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13875" type="text/json">{"id":13875,"name":"Marriage and Divorce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage_and_Divorce?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19363553]'), work: {"id":19363553,"title":"Whether supplying money to wife for her treatment of breast cancer amount to consideration for dissolution of marriage?","created_at":"2015-12-02T09:13:57.593-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19363553/Whether_supplying_money_to_wife_for_her_treatment_of_breast_cancer_amount_to_consideration_for_dissolution_of_marriage?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_19363553","summary":"From the above mentioned admitted facts, it is evident\nthat the petitioner needs sufficient amount of money for the\ntreatment of breast cancer. Hence, it cannot be ruled out that\nin order to save her life by getting money, she agreed for a\nsettlement of dissolution of marriage. On these facts, a\nquestion that came in our mind is as to whether the Court\nwould be justified in granting a decree for divorce on the basis\nof settlement when the wife is suffering with breast cancer and\nis in need of money for her treatment and can that be the\nconsideration for dissolution of marriage.\nREPORTABLE\nIN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA\nCIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION\nTRANSFER PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 702 OF 2015\nVennangot Anuradha Samir …..Petitioner\nversus\nVennangot Mohandas Samir …Respondent\nDated;December 02, 2015\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40579291,"asset_id":19363553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34321708,"first_name":"lawyer","last_name":"bharat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lawyerbharat","display_name":"lawyer bharat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lawyerbharat?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34321708/10053516/11215003/s65_lawyer.bharat.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":13875,"name":"Marriage and Divorce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage_and_Divorce?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":18116,"name":"Indian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":103062,"name":"Divorce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divorce?f_ri=2098"},{"id":896807,"name":"Doctrine of consideration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_consideration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2232055,"name":"Dissolution of Marriage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissolution_of_Marriage?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2232056,"name":"Divorce by Mutual Consent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divorce_by_Mutual_Consent?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6791585" data-work_id="6791585" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6791585/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9A_%D0%92_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_2014_3_%D1%81_188_192">Москаленко К.В. Неустойка як спосіб забезпечення виконання зобов`язань за продюсерським договором // Європейські перспективи. - 2014. - № 3. - с. 188 - 192</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6791585" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f02175a5b0769064aff6f36bed8c6641" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33494627,"asset_id":6791585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33494627/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7677840" href="https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/KaterynaMoskalenko">Kateryna Moskalenko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7677840" type="text/json">{"id":7677840,"first_name":"Kateryna","last_name":"Moskalenko","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"KaterynaMoskalenko","display_name":"Kateryna Moskalenko","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/KaterynaMoskalenko?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7677840/2757139/3642897/s65_kateryna.moskalenko.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6791585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6791585"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6791585, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6791585", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6791585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6791585; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6791585"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6791585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6791585"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6791585; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6791585]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6791585").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6791585").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6791585"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17036" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Law">Music Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17036" type="text/json">{"id":17036,"name":"Music Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entertainment_Law">Entertainment Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19431" type="text/json">{"id":19431,"name":"Entertainment Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entertainment_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="216154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Copyright_Law">Music Copyright Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="216154" type="text/json">{"id":216154,"name":"Music Copyright Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Copyright_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6791585]'), work: {"id":6791585,"title":"Москаленко К.В. Неустойка як спосіб забезпечення виконання зобов`язань за продюсерським договором // Європейські перспективи. - 2014. - № 3. - с. 188 - 192","created_at":"2014-04-17T17:03:09.733-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6791585/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9A_%D0%92_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8_2014_3_%D1%81_188_192?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_6791585","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33494627,"asset_id":6791585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7677840,"first_name":"Kateryna","last_name":"Moskalenko","domain_name":"univ-kiev","page_name":"KaterynaMoskalenko","display_name":"Kateryna Moskalenko","profile_url":"https://univ-kiev.academia.edu/KaterynaMoskalenko?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7677840/2757139/3642897/s65_kateryna.moskalenko.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":17036,"name":"Music Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":19431,"name":"Entertainment Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entertainment_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":216154,"name":"Music Copyright Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Copyright_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":744334,"name":"Media and Entertainment Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Entertainment_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1652809,"name":"Ukrainian Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukrainian_Civil_Law?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10213963" data-work_id="10213963" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10213963/The_Definition_of_Procedural_Agreements_and_Importancy_to_Define_the_Contractual_Nature_of_the_Arbitration_Clause_in_International_Arbitration">The Definition of Procedural Agreements and Importancy to Define the Contractual Nature of the Arbitration Clause in International Arbitration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The nature of the arbitration agreement in most legal systems (at least legal systems other than common law) is somewhat unclear. Presently, it is not possible to make any decisive statements as to which theory is the only correct one. On... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10213963" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The nature of the arbitration agreement in most legal systems (at least legal systems other than common law) is somewhat unclear. Presently, it is not possible to make any decisive statements as to which theory is the only correct one. On the other hand, it is necessary to examine each arbitration agreement invoked by the parties at the beginning of the proceedings and choose one of the current theories mentioned above. The classification of the arbitration agreement might, under certain circumstances, be the decisive element in determining the rules, i.e. procedural or substantive rules, applicable to the arbitration agreement. In civil law tradtion arbitration agreements may be defined as procedural agreements in broader sense, which does not have effects in proceedings only, but which are of substantial significance for qualitative evaluation of the substantive contractual relation between parties. Nevertheless, despite a mixed nature of arbitration agreements (as well as all jurisdictional agreements), jurisdiction is a procedural and not substantive category in the civil law tradition and jurisdiction remains the procedural condition (procedural requirement). Taking decision on jurisdiction in arbitration by partial award is in contradiction to the concept of jurisdiction as a procedural category, rather an interim award may be used for such decisions. Jurisdictional decisions taken in course of arbitration are, however, not substantive decisions and do not effect any Res Judicata. Some of civil law jurisdictions, completely in compliance with the concept of jurisdiction as procedural category, therefore deny to set-aside jurisdictional awards rendered prior to rendering award(s) on the merits of the dispute. Having any civil law dimension in arbitration, it may cause significant problems to the parties, if the arbitral tribunal decides on jurisdiction by a separate jurisdictional award.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10213963" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc6498a286a6b869eb562a4d70636522" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36310309,"asset_id":10213963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36310309/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24023091" href="https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek">Alexander Belohlavek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24023091" type="text/json">{"id":24023091,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Belohlavek","domain_name":"vsb","page_name":"AlexanderBelohlavek","display_name":"Alexander Belohlavek","profile_url":"https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10213963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10213963"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10213963, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10213963", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10213963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10213963; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10213963"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10213963 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10213963"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10213963; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10213963]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10213963").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10213963").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10213963"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration">International Arbitration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3744" type="text/json">{"id":3744,"name":"International Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration">Arbitration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3745" type="text/json">{"id":3745,"name":"Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Law">Arbitration Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6015" type="text/json">{"id":6015,"name":"Arbitration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10213963]'), work: {"id":10213963,"title":"The Definition of Procedural Agreements and Importancy to Define the Contractual Nature of the Arbitration Clause in International Arbitration","created_at":"2015-01-18T01:14:44.366-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10213963/The_Definition_of_Procedural_Agreements_and_Importancy_to_Define_the_Contractual_Nature_of_the_Arbitration_Clause_in_International_Arbitration?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_10213963","summary":"The nature of the arbitration agreement in most legal systems (at least legal systems other than common law) is somewhat unclear. Presently, it is not possible to make any decisive statements as to which theory is the only correct one. On the other hand, it is necessary to examine each arbitration agreement invoked by the parties at the beginning of the proceedings and choose one of the current theories mentioned above. The classification of the arbitration agreement might, under certain circumstances, be the decisive element in determining the rules, i.e. procedural or substantive rules, applicable to the arbitration agreement. In civil law tradtion arbitration agreements may be defined as procedural agreements in broader sense, which does not have effects in proceedings only, but which are of substantial significance for qualitative evaluation of the substantive contractual relation between parties. Nevertheless, despite a mixed nature of arbitration agreements (as well as all jurisdictional agreements), jurisdiction is a procedural and not substantive category in the civil law tradition and jurisdiction remains the procedural condition (procedural requirement). Taking decision on jurisdiction in arbitration by partial award is in contradiction to the concept of jurisdiction as a procedural category, rather an interim award may be used for such decisions. Jurisdictional decisions taken in course of arbitration are, however, not substantive decisions and do not effect any Res Judicata. Some of civil law jurisdictions, completely in compliance with the concept of jurisdiction as procedural category, therefore deny to set-aside jurisdictional awards rendered prior to rendering award(s) on the merits of the dispute. Having any civil law dimension in arbitration, it may cause significant problems to the parties, if the arbitral tribunal decides on jurisdiction by a separate jurisdictional award.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36310309,"asset_id":10213963,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24023091,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Belohlavek","domain_name":"vsb","page_name":"AlexanderBelohlavek","display_name":"Alexander Belohlavek","profile_url":"https://vsb.academia.edu/AlexanderBelohlavek?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3744,"name":"International Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3745,"name":"Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6015,"name":"Arbitration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":9381,"name":"International Commercial Arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Arbitration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9584,"name":"Civil Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20706,"name":"Comparative Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Civil_Procedure?f_ri=2098"},{"id":25413,"name":"Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Procedure?f_ri=2098"},{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=2098"},{"id":49971,"name":"Arbitration, Civil Procedure, Transnational Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Civil_Procedure_Transnational_Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":50163,"name":"Enforcement and Recognition of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enforcement_and_Recognition_of_Foreign_Judgments_and_Arbitral_Awards?f_ri=2098"},{"id":50668,"name":"Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisdiction_and_Enforcement_of_Foreign_Judgments?f_ri=2098"},{"id":59708,"name":"Cross-Cultural Mediation and Arbitration, International Business Transactions, Access to Justice and Law and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Mediation_and_Arbitration_International_Business_Transactions_Access_to_Justice_and?f_ri=2098"},{"id":63611,"name":"International Commercial Law - arbitration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Law_-_arbitration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":82218,"name":"Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":93263,"name":"International Commercial Arbitration Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Arbitration_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":102388,"name":"International Commercial Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Commercial_Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":130991,"name":"Arbitration and Mediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_and_Mediation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":139283,"name":"Choice of Law in International Contracts: Some Fundamental Conflict of Laws Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_of_Law_in_International_Contracts_Some_Fundamental_Conflict_of_Laws_Issues?f_ri=2098"},{"id":173982,"name":"Choice of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":224292,"name":"International Arbitration and Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Arbitration_and_Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":454210,"name":"Roman law and Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_law_and_Civil_Procedure?f_ri=2098"},{"id":480580,"name":"Arbitration Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Agreement?f_ri=2098"},{"id":540593,"name":"Learning Contract Procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Contract_Procedure?f_ri=2098"},{"id":588165,"name":"Transnational litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":664619,"name":"European Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Civil_Procedure?f_ri=2098"},{"id":894465,"name":"Civil law and litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_law_and_litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":983217,"name":"Arbitration Proceedings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_Proceedings?f_ri=2098"},{"id":991068,"name":"International Civil Litigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Civil_Litigation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1033290,"name":"Arbitration (International and Domestic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbitration_International_and_Domestic_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1143167,"name":"Procedures for review of the award of public contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procedures_for_review_of_the_award_of_public_contracts?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1276473,"name":"Civil Procedure, Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Procedure_Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41771993" data-work_id="41771993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41771993/Pravne_posljedice_nevaljanosti_trajnoga_ugovora_Legal_Consequences_of_the_Invalidity_of_Continuing_Contracts_">Pravne posljedice nevaljanosti trajnoga ugovora [Legal Consequences of the Invalidity of Continuing Contracts]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Full text available at: <a href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/224476" rel="nofollow">https://hrcak.srce.hr/224476</a> --- The invalidity of contract in Croatian law, as well as in Swiss, Austrian, and German law, in principle has ex tunc effect. One of the legal consequences of the invalidity of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41771993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Full text available at: <a href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/224476" rel="nofollow">https://hrcak.srce.hr/224476</a> --- The invalidity of contract in Croatian law, as well as in Swiss, Austrian, and German law, in principle has ex tunc effect. One of the legal consequences of the invalidity of contract is the obligation of restitution that arises when one of the parties provides the other with an act of performance in fulfilment of an obligation under an invalid contract, while the rules on unjustified enrichment are also to be applied to the obligation relationship between the parties. According to a legal standpoint found in Swiss, Austrian, and German law, in relation to continuing contracts, in cases where the provision of a continuing obligation has already begun, the effect of invalidity of a contract is to be limited to effect only from now on. Under this view, invalidity of a continuing contract, that is a contract under which a continuous obligation relationship is established between the parties, has ex nunc effect, therefore there is no unwinding of the continuous obligation relationship. This standpoint of Swiss, Austrian, and German law, as well as the various theoretical foundations on which it is based is analysed in the paper. The legal consequences of invalidity of contract under Croatian law are discussed, especially in relation to the obligation of restitution. The paper examines whether it is possible and necessary under Croatian law de lege lata to apply the comparative law doctrine on the limitation of the effect of invalidity of continuing contracts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41771993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="339c00d07a038b3caabdf909cc237d32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61928721,"asset_id":41771993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61928721/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1218939" href="https://unizg.academia.edu/IvanTot">Ivan Tot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1218939" type="text/json">{"id":1218939,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Tot","domain_name":"unizg","page_name":"IvanTot","display_name":"Ivan Tot","profile_url":"https://unizg.academia.edu/IvanTot?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218939/440224/18683844/s65_ivan.tot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41771993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41771993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41771993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41771993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41771993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41771993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41771993"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41771993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41771993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41771993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41771993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41771993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41771993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41771993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8080" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations">Law of Obligations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8080" type="text/json">{"id":8080,"name":"Law of Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41771993]'), work: {"id":41771993,"title":"Pravne posljedice nevaljanosti trajnoga ugovora [Legal Consequences of the Invalidity of Continuing Contracts]","created_at":"2020-01-29T04:22:31.253-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41771993/Pravne_posljedice_nevaljanosti_trajnoga_ugovora_Legal_Consequences_of_the_Invalidity_of_Continuing_Contracts_?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_41771993","summary":"Full text available at: https://hrcak.srce.hr/224476 --- The invalidity of contract in Croatian law, as well as in Swiss, Austrian, and German law, in principle has ex tunc effect. One of the legal consequences of the invalidity of contract is the obligation of restitution that arises when one of the parties provides the other with an act of performance in fulfilment of an obligation under an invalid contract, while the rules on unjustified enrichment are also to be applied to the obligation relationship between the parties. According to a legal standpoint found in Swiss, Austrian, and German law, in relation to continuing contracts, in cases where the provision of a continuing obligation has already begun, the effect of invalidity of a contract is to be limited to effect only from now on. Under this view, invalidity of a continuing contract, that is a contract under which a continuous obligation relationship is established between the parties, has ex nunc effect, therefore there is no unwinding of the continuous obligation relationship. This standpoint of Swiss, Austrian, and German law, as well as the various theoretical foundations on which it is based is analysed in the paper. The legal consequences of invalidity of contract under Croatian law are discussed, especially in relation to the obligation of restitution. The paper examines whether it is possible and necessary under Croatian law de lege lata to apply the comparative law doctrine on the limitation of the effect of invalidity of continuing contracts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61928721,"asset_id":41771993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1218939,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Tot","domain_name":"unizg","page_name":"IvanTot","display_name":"Ivan Tot","profile_url":"https://unizg.academia.edu/IvanTot?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218939/440224/18683844/s65_ivan.tot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":8080,"name":"Law of Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18234907" data-work_id="18234907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18234907/Liability_for_consequences_duty_of_care_and_the_limited_relevance_of_specific_reliance_New_insights_on_Bhamra_v_Dubb">Liability for consequences, duty of care and the limited relevance of specific reliance: New insights on Bhamra v Dubb</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this article is to examine two issues central to the tort of negligence: the role of reliance in establishing a duty of care; and the relationship between the harm-within-risk rule and the rule excluding liability for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18234907" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this article is to examine two issues central to the tort of negligence: the role of reliance in establishing a duty of care; and the relationship between the harm-within-risk rule and the rule excluding liability for coincidental harm as tests for legal causation. I will use the unusual facts of Bhamra v Dubb in which the defendant caterer was under a duty not to serve eggs for religious reasons, and the guest suffered from a known egg allergy and ultimately died, as a platform for this analysis.<br /><br />While the Court of Appeal was correct in establishing a duty towards Bhamra on Bhamra’s reliance that eggs would not be served, it erred in limiting the duty to those aware that they suffer from egg allergy. Assuming there are reasons to avoid imposing a general duty on caterers towards those who are foreseeably people of ordinary susceptibility, guests avoiding a product for religious reasons have informational and medical susceptibilities which justify that a duty be owed to them. More generally, reliance on misrepresentation that a food served is ‘free from’ could justify duty and liability even in the absence of a claimant’s knowledge of his egg allergy.<br /><br />As a matter of legal causation, I defend the position (recently challenged in the literature) that the rule against liability for coincidences is different from the harm-within-risk rule. The injury suffered by a (hypothetical) guest unaware of his egg allergy is neither coincidental nor outside the scope of the relevant risk. It is not a coincidence, since the risk of suffering an allergy injury is typically increased by a ‘free from’ misrepresentation. The harm is within the relevant risk, since the guest’s informational vulnerability is one of the reasons which makes serving him with eggs negligent – the fear he would suffer also a physical injury.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18234907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c204c7bf342a36f06167ab4c02a6bba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39947543,"asset_id":18234907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39947543/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16094180" href="https://keele.academia.edu/TsachiKerenPaz">Tsachi Keren-Paz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16094180" type="text/json">{"id":16094180,"first_name":"Tsachi","last_name":"Keren-Paz","domain_name":"keele","page_name":"TsachiKerenPaz","display_name":"Tsachi Keren-Paz","profile_url":"https://keele.academia.edu/TsachiKerenPaz?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18234907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18234907"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18234907, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18234907", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18234907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18234907; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18234907"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18234907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18234907"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18234907; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18234907]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18234907").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18234907").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18234907"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Causation_and_Intentionality">Legal Causation and Intentionality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98384" type="text/json">{"id":98384,"name":"Legal Causation and Intentionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Causation_and_Intentionality?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="318591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence">Negligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="318591" type="text/json">{"id":318591,"name":"Negligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="354505" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Relief_and_Contract_Law">Specific Relief and Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="354505" type="text/json">{"id":354505,"name":"Specific Relief and Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Relief_and_Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18234907]'), work: {"id":18234907,"title":"Liability for consequences, duty of care and the limited relevance of specific reliance: New insights on Bhamra v Dubb","created_at":"2015-11-12T14:53:23.846-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18234907/Liability_for_consequences_duty_of_care_and_the_limited_relevance_of_specific_reliance_New_insights_on_Bhamra_v_Dubb?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_18234907","summary":"The purpose of this article is to examine two issues central to the tort of negligence: the role of reliance in establishing a duty of care; and the relationship between the harm-within-risk rule and the rule excluding liability for coincidental harm as tests for legal causation. I will use the unusual facts of Bhamra v Dubb in which the defendant caterer was under a duty not to serve eggs for religious reasons, and the guest suffered from a known egg allergy and ultimately died, as a platform for this analysis.\n\nWhile the Court of Appeal was correct in establishing a duty towards Bhamra on Bhamra’s reliance that eggs would not be served, it erred in limiting the duty to those aware that they suffer from egg allergy. Assuming there are reasons to avoid imposing a general duty on caterers towards those who are foreseeably people of ordinary susceptibility, guests avoiding a product for religious reasons have informational and medical susceptibilities which justify that a duty be owed to them. More generally, reliance on misrepresentation that a food served is ‘free from’ could justify duty and liability even in the absence of a claimant’s knowledge of his egg allergy.\n\nAs a matter of legal causation, I defend the position (recently challenged in the literature) that the rule against liability for coincidences is different from the harm-within-risk rule. The injury suffered by a (hypothetical) guest unaware of his egg allergy is neither coincidental nor outside the scope of the relevant risk. It is not a coincidence, since the risk of suffering an allergy injury is typically increased by a ‘free from’ misrepresentation. The harm is within the relevant risk, since the guest’s informational vulnerability is one of the reasons which makes serving him with eggs negligent – the fear he would suffer also a physical injury.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39947543,"asset_id":18234907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16094180,"first_name":"Tsachi","last_name":"Keren-Paz","domain_name":"keele","page_name":"TsachiKerenPaz","display_name":"Tsachi Keren-Paz","profile_url":"https://keele.academia.edu/TsachiKerenPaz?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":98384,"name":"Legal Causation and Intentionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Causation_and_Intentionality?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":318591,"name":"Negligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negligence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":354505,"name":"Specific Relief and Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Relief_and_Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":678061,"name":"Duty of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Duty_of_Care?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44320680" data-work_id="44320680" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44320680/So_s%C3%A1nh_c%C3%A1c_bi%E1%BB%87n_ph%C3%A1p_b%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3m_th%E1%BB%B1c_hi%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BB%A3p_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng">So sánh các biện pháp bảo đảm thực hiện hợp đồng</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44320680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2e5f0bcdc8256b6018428966143bb24" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64708689,"asset_id":44320680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64708689/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="110741565" href="https://dav.academia.edu/PhuongThaoVu">Phuong Thao Vu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="110741565" type="text/json">{"id":110741565,"first_name":"Phuong Thao","last_name":"Vu","domain_name":"dav","page_name":"PhuongThaoVu","display_name":"Phuong Thao Vu","profile_url":"https://dav.academia.edu/PhuongThaoVu?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110741565/42177141/51904799/s65_phuong_thao.vu.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44320680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44320680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44320680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44320680", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44320680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44320680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44320680"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44320680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44320680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44320680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44320680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44320680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44320680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44320680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44320680]'), work: {"id":44320680,"title":"So sánh các biện pháp bảo đảm thực hiện hợp đồng","created_at":"2020-10-18T05:30:25.701-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44320680/So_s%C3%A1nh_c%C3%A1c_bi%E1%BB%87n_ph%C3%A1p_b%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3m_th%E1%BB%B1c_hi%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BB%A3p_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_44320680","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64708689,"asset_id":44320680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":110741565,"first_name":"Phuong Thao","last_name":"Vu","domain_name":"dav","page_name":"PhuongThaoVu","display_name":"Phuong Thao Vu","profile_url":"https://dav.academia.edu/PhuongThaoVu?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110741565/42177141/51904799/s65_phuong_thao.vu.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30003821" data-work_id="30003821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30003821/Real_Estate_Law_Fundamentals_for_The_Development_Process_Routledge_NOV_2016_">Real Estate Law: Fundamentals for The Development Process (Routledge, NOV 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this textbook is to teach real estate law not as some amalgamation of abstract, static legal concepts but, instead, to teach real estate law within the context of the dynamics of real estate development and finance, through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30003821" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this textbook is to teach real estate law not as some amalgamation of abstract, static legal concepts but, instead, to teach real estate law within the context of the dynamics of real estate development and finance, through a framework I have developed and refer to throughout the book as The Development Process. What is presented in this textbook is not what is taught in most American law schools, with curricula offering a range of individual, albeit related, topics, such as Real Property Law, Contracts, Federal Taxation, and Environmental Law, among others, that provide little context for law students as to how these disciplines intersect with and impact The Development Process.<br /> <br />Rather than offering in-depth discussions of law school subjects such as “servitudes” and “estates in land” in Real Property Law or “fraud in the inducement” in Contracts, this textbook instead offers a much broader treatment of real estate law as an overarching discipline impacting and driving the development and financing of real estate projects. This is done with considerable intention, to facilitate an understanding of the true breadth of the subject matter by graduate students seeking a master’s degree in real estate development and finance or an MBA with a concentration in real estate (to whom this textbook is specifically targeted), as well as to assist the real estate executive or professional in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how real estate law impacts their endeavors.<br /><br />Neither real estate development nor The Development Process is ever about just one thing: Real estate development is always about a thousand different things, big and small, occurring simultaneously; some within the developer’s control but many occurring independently of the developer and its project. Part of the allure, as well as the challenge, of real estate development—as a process and as a profession—is the need to keep a number of balls in the air at the same time, always knowing where each ball is and to where it is heading next. In this respect, real estate development and finance can be one of the most-rewarding—and most-maddening—professional endeavors one may pursue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30003821" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce70d2a33afc550dd24f0964f4e5d055" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53486100,"asset_id":30003821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53486100/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14545318" href="https://gwu.academia.edu/PeterSmirniotopoulos">Peter E Smirniotopoulos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14545318" type="text/json">{"id":14545318,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Smirniotopoulos","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"PeterSmirniotopoulos","display_name":"Peter E Smirniotopoulos","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/PeterSmirniotopoulos?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/0250c067b85e765c1c5252f79a941afd?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30003821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30003821"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30003821, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30003821", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30003821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30003821; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30003821"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30003821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30003821"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30003821; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30003821]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30003821").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30003821").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30003821"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1307" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law">Environmental Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1307" type="text/json">{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning">Urban Planning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4808" type="text/json">{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7204" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Estate_Development">Real Estate Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7204" type="text/json">{"id":7204,"name":"Real Estate Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Estate_Development?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30003821]'), work: {"id":30003821,"title":"Real Estate Law: Fundamentals for The Development Process (Routledge, NOV 2016)","created_at":"2016-11-21T09:23:21.548-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30003821/Real_Estate_Law_Fundamentals_for_The_Development_Process_Routledge_NOV_2016_?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_30003821","summary":"The purpose of this textbook is to teach real estate law not as some amalgamation of abstract, static legal concepts but, instead, to teach real estate law within the context of the dynamics of real estate development and finance, through a framework I have developed and refer to throughout the book as The Development Process. What is presented in this textbook is not what is taught in most American law schools, with curricula offering a range of individual, albeit related, topics, such as Real Property Law, Contracts, Federal Taxation, and Environmental Law, among others, that provide little context for law students as to how these disciplines intersect with and impact The Development Process.\n \nRather than offering in-depth discussions of law school subjects such as “servitudes” and “estates in land” in Real Property Law or “fraud in the inducement” in Contracts, this textbook instead offers a much broader treatment of real estate law as an overarching discipline impacting and driving the development and financing of real estate projects. This is done with considerable intention, to facilitate an understanding of the true breadth of the subject matter by graduate students seeking a master’s degree in real estate development and finance or an MBA with a concentration in real estate (to whom this textbook is specifically targeted), as well as to assist the real estate executive or professional in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how real estate law impacts their endeavors.\n\nNeither real estate development nor The Development Process is ever about just one thing: Real estate development is always about a thousand different things, big and small, occurring simultaneously; some within the developer’s control but many occurring independently of the developer and its project. Part of the allure, as well as the challenge, of real estate development—as a process and as a profession—is the need to keep a number of balls in the air at the same time, always knowing where each ball is and to where it is heading next. In this respect, real estate development and finance can be one of the most-rewarding—and most-maddening—professional endeavors one may pursue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53486100,"asset_id":30003821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14545318,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Smirniotopoulos","domain_name":"gwu","page_name":"PeterSmirniotopoulos","display_name":"Peter E Smirniotopoulos","profile_url":"https://gwu.academia.edu/PeterSmirniotopoulos?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/0250c067b85e765c1c5252f79a941afd?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7204,"name":"Real Estate Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Estate_Development?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":12380,"name":"Real Estate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Estate_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13186,"name":"Real estate law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_estate_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":162567,"name":"Privately owned Public Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privately_owned_Public_Space?f_ri=2098"},{"id":192954,"name":"Commercial Real Estate Transactions and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Real_Estate_Transactions_and_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":218080,"name":"Land Use Law, Zoning and Comprehensive Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Law_Zoning_and_Comprehensive_Planning?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22244929" data-work_id="22244929" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22244929/Taking_Change_Seriously_The_Rhetoric_of_Justice_and_the_Reproduction_of_the_Status_Quo">Taking Change Seriously - The Rhetoric of Justice and the Reproduction of the Status Quo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We often think about justice and social change in terms of refinement and better implementation of legal or economic theories and categories. Justice and change are often understood as more accountability and participation, as resistance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22244929" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We often think about justice and social change in terms of refinement and better implementation of legal or economic theories and categories. Justice and change are often understood as more accountability and participation, as resistance to free movement/ autonomy considerations and an emphasis on social ones, as resistance to the ‘the market’, as a general protection of the weaker party, or a better theory or alignment of the entire legal system with general constitutional values and principles. Change is expected to follow from an overtly political discourse that should free us from the shackles of legal language and enable the concerns of the people to be voiced.<br />However, "Justice" cannot be understood in terms of any theory or concept. The word justice only makes sense because of the current unjust reality. Justice should be understood dynamically, as constant social transformation. Legal thinking misses the hierarchical structure of society and when considering justice too often assumes an abstract category or theory that can bring about “justice”. <br />For example, it is generally assumed in legal consciousness that the identity of the weaker party can be generalised and predetermined. Beside its reliance on constitutionalism and on conceptual understanding of the legal structure, the conceptualism of contemporary legal thought, this was one of the main weaknesses of the European Social Justice Manifestos. A legal system favoring an abstract “weaker party” is bound to struggle with concerns of justice.  <br />We cannot rely on any theory or worldview when thinking about justice. Such thinking about "justice" often contributes to the reproduction of existing hierarchies - to the reproduction of the status quo, particularly when (hierarchical) reality is interpreted according to existing ideology. Justice means a dynamic change of the currently unjust hierarchical reality that needs to be constantly constructed and reconstructed. The aim of social transformation cannot be a final solution, a perfect social order, or ubiquitous affirmations of ‘social’ considerations, nor a stable state of justice, but rather a constant pursuit of “justice”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22244929" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0cd380f95720d000f87a4fe3505bfd8f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42894410,"asset_id":22244929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42894410/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18393740" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DKukovec">Damjan Kukovec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18393740" type="text/json">{"id":18393740,"first_name":"Damjan","last_name":"Kukovec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DKukovec","display_name":"Damjan Kukovec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DKukovec?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18393740/11225702/12525424/s65_damjan.kukovec.jpg_oh_837824c1c3a6f886d8c198c649eaf64f_oe_5746645f"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22244929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22244929"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22244929, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22244929", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22244929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22244929; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22244929"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22244929 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22244929"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22244929; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22244929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22244929").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22244929").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22244929"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22244929]'), work: {"id":22244929,"title":"Taking Change Seriously - The Rhetoric of Justice and the Reproduction of the Status Quo","created_at":"2016-02-21T03:09:41.950-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22244929/Taking_Change_Seriously_The_Rhetoric_of_Justice_and_the_Reproduction_of_the_Status_Quo?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_22244929","summary":"We often think about justice and social change in terms of refinement and better implementation of legal or economic theories and categories. Justice and change are often understood as more accountability and participation, as resistance to free movement/ autonomy considerations and an emphasis on social ones, as resistance to the ‘the market’, as a general protection of the weaker party, or a better theory or alignment of the entire legal system with general constitutional values and principles. Change is expected to follow from an overtly political discourse that should free us from the shackles of legal language and enable the concerns of the people to be voiced.\nHowever, \"Justice\" cannot be understood in terms of any theory or concept. The word justice only makes sense because of the current unjust reality. Justice should be understood dynamically, as constant social transformation. Legal thinking misses the hierarchical structure of society and when considering justice too often assumes an abstract category or theory that can bring about “justice”. \nFor example, it is generally assumed in legal consciousness that the identity of the weaker party can be generalised and predetermined. Beside its reliance on constitutionalism and on conceptual understanding of the legal structure, the conceptualism of contemporary legal thought, this was one of the main weaknesses of the European Social Justice Manifestos. A legal system favoring an abstract “weaker party” is bound to struggle with concerns of justice. \nWe cannot rely on any theory or worldview when thinking about justice. Such thinking about \"justice\" often contributes to the reproduction of existing hierarchies - to the reproduction of the status quo, particularly when (hierarchical) reality is interpreted according to existing ideology. Justice means a dynamic change of the currently unjust hierarchical reality that needs to be constantly constructed and reconstructed. The aim of social transformation cannot be a final solution, a perfect social order, or ubiquitous affirmations of ‘social’ considerations, nor a stable state of justice, but rather a constant pursuit of “justice”. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42894410,"asset_id":22244929,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18393740,"first_name":"Damjan","last_name":"Kukovec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DKukovec","display_name":"Damjan Kukovec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DKukovec?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18393740/11225702/12525424/s65_damjan.kukovec.jpg_oh_837824c1c3a6f886d8c198c649eaf64f_oe_5746645f"}],"research_interests":[{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3781,"name":"Private International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4823,"name":"Critical Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=2098"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=2098"},{"id":10558,"name":"European Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20844,"name":"European private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_private_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":30011,"name":"Consumer Protection (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Protection_Law_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":32920,"name":"Tort Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tort_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":48045,"name":"Social transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_transformation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":111486,"name":"Core and Periphery concept and trade/exhange networks in the North Atlantic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Core_and_Periphery_concept_and_trade_exhange_networks_in_the_North_Atlantic?f_ri=2098"},{"id":118223,"name":"Centre-Periphery Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centre-Periphery_Relations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":204644,"name":"Social and Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":218698,"name":"Development of Regions in Core-Periphery Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_of_Regions_in_Core-Periphery_Relationship?f_ri=2098"},{"id":318683,"name":"Hierarchies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hierarchies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":424823,"name":"European constitutional law, constitutional justice, EU law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_constitutional_law_constitutional_justice_EU_law?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5265335" data-work_id="5265335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5265335/Can_the_eBays_Community_Review_Forum_fairly_resolve_disputes_">Can the eBay's Community Review Forum fairly resolve disputes ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5265335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f95402238de8d1fae3d827e0f1bd607c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32442992,"asset_id":5265335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32442992/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7221890" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielDimov">Daniel Dimov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7221890" type="text/json">{"id":7221890,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Dimov","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielDimov","display_name":"Daniel Dimov","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielDimov?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7221890/2692795/3134481/s65_daniel.dimov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5265335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5265335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5265335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5265335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5265335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5265335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5265335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5265335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5265335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5265335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5265335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5265335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5265335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5265335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property">Intellectual Property</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="967" type="text/json">{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5265335]'), work: {"id":5265335,"title":"Can the eBay's Community Review Forum fairly resolve disputes ?","created_at":"2013-11-29T18:47:07.293-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5265335/Can_the_eBays_Community_Review_Forum_fairly_resolve_disputes_?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_5265335","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32442992,"asset_id":5265335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7221890,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Dimov","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielDimov","display_name":"Daniel Dimov","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielDimov?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7221890/2692795/3134481/s65_daniel.dimov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7074,"name":"Internet Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":11730,"name":"IT law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13151,"name":"Intellectual Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":27557,"name":"Privacy (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Privacy_Law_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":90776,"name":"Copyright Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copyright_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":95309,"name":"international Internet law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/international_Internet_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":152488,"name":"International Trademark Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trademark_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":439279,"name":"Data protection law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_protection_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":526128,"name":"Trademark Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trademark_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":699636,"name":"Law and Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Internet?f_ri=2098"},{"id":744900,"name":"Domain Name as Trademark Under Trademark Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domain_Name_as_Trademark_Under_Trademark_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":864409,"name":"Cyber law and Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_law_and_Information_Security?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1972630" data-work_id="1972630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1972630/Liability_for_Improperly_Rejected_Contract_Tenders_Legitimate_Expectations_Contract_Promise_and_Delict">Liability for Improperly Rejected Contract Tenders: Legitimate Expectations, Contract, Promise and Delict'</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the potential liability of a party inviting tenders for a contract for improperly rejecting a tender. The approach of the courts in the recent decision of Petition of Sidey Ltd for Judicial Review of a decision of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1972630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the potential liability of a party inviting tenders for a contract for improperly rejecting a tender. The approach of the courts in the recent decision of Petition of Sidey Ltd for Judicial Review of a decision of Clackmannanshire Council [2011] CSOH 194 is the focus of the discussion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1972630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13f2f1ca9806d1fccf44f86071490c13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36438463,"asset_id":1972630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36438463/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74958" href="https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/MartinHogg">Martin Hogg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74958" type="text/json">{"id":74958,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Hogg","domain_name":"universityofgalway","page_name":"MartinHogg","display_name":"Martin Hogg","profile_url":"https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/MartinHogg?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74958/78658/49154996/s65_martin.hogg.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1972630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1972630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1972630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1972630", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1972630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1972630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1972630"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1972630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1972630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1972630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1972630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1972630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1972630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1972630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risks_in_Tendering_Process">Risks in Tendering Process</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96974" type="text/json">{"id":96974,"name":"Risks in Tendering Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risks_in_Tendering_Process?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="288594" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procurement_and_Tendering_Contracts">Procurement and Tendering Contracts</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="288594" type="text/json">{"id":288594,"name":"Procurement and Tendering Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procurement_and_Tendering_Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1972630]'), work: {"id":1972630,"title":"Liability for Improperly Rejected Contract Tenders: Legitimate Expectations, Contract, Promise and Delict'","created_at":"2012-09-26T18:54:55.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1972630/Liability_for_Improperly_Rejected_Contract_Tenders_Legitimate_Expectations_Contract_Promise_and_Delict?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_1972630","summary":"This article examines the potential liability of a party inviting tenders for a contract for improperly rejecting a tender. The approach of the courts in the recent decision of Petition of Sidey Ltd for Judicial Review of a decision of Clackmannanshire Council [2011] CSOH 194 is the focus of the discussion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36438463,"asset_id":1972630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74958,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Hogg","domain_name":"universityofgalway","page_name":"MartinHogg","display_name":"Martin Hogg","profile_url":"https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/MartinHogg?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74958/78658/49154996/s65_martin.hogg.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":96974,"name":"Risks in Tendering Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risks_in_Tendering_Process?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":288594,"name":"Procurement and Tendering Contracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Procurement_and_Tendering_Contracts?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34545964" data-work_id="34545964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34545964/Quelques_pr%C3%A9cisions_importantes_sur_le_champ_dapplication_et_les_modalit%C3%A9s_du_d%C3%A9s%C3%A9quilibre_significatif_dans_larticle_L_442_6_I_2_du_Code_de_commerce_Commentaire_de_Cass_com_25_janv_2017_no_15_23_547_P_B_Revue_Lamy_Droit_civil_No_148_1er_mai_2017">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif dans l'article L. 442-6, I, 2°) du Code de commerce (Commentaire de Cass. com., 25 janv. 2017, nº 15-23.547, P+B) , Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce I-« SOUMISSION » ÉGALE « CONTRAT D'ADHÉSION » II-LES CLAUSES CONTRÔLABLES... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34545964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce I-« SOUMISSION » ÉGALE « CONTRAT D'ADHÉSION » II-LES CLAUSES CONTRÔLABLES III-L'INTERDÉPENDANCE DES STIPULATIONS-Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017 C'est un véritable arrêt de principe qu'a rendu la Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation le 25 janvier 2017 à propos du champ d'application et des modalités du déséquilibre significatif opéré sur le fondement de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce. Il en ressort que les conventions susceptibles d'être contrôlées sont les contrats d'adhésion, que le juge peut contrôler l'adéquation du prix à la prestation promise et que l'appréciation du déséquilibre significatif doit tenir compte de l'indépendance des stipulations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34545964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48b7ecb3272335f46487302cab94f528" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54410831,"asset_id":34545964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54410831/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2032406" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI">Dr. François-Xavier LICARI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2032406" type="text/json">{"id":2032406,"first_name":"Dr. François-Xavier","last_name":"LICARI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"FrançoisXavierLICARI","display_name":"Dr. François-Xavier LICARI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2032406/9840185/10967015/s65_fran_ois-xavier.licari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34545964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34545964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34545964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34545964", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34545964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34545964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34545964"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34545964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34545964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34545964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34545964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34545964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34545964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34545964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Law">French Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10490" type="text/json">{"id":10490,"name":"French Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12281" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law">Business Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12281" type="text/json">{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="581109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory">Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="581109" type="text/json">{"id":581109,"name":"Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34545964]'), work: {"id":34545964,"title":"Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif dans l'article L. 442-6, I, 2°) du Code de commerce (Commentaire de Cass. com., 25 janv. 2017, nº 15-23.547, P+B) , Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017","created_at":"2017-09-12T00:30:27.676-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34545964/Quelques_pr%C3%A9cisions_importantes_sur_le_champ_dapplication_et_les_modalit%C3%A9s_du_d%C3%A9s%C3%A9quilibre_significatif_dans_larticle_L_442_6_I_2_du_Code_de_commerce_Commentaire_de_Cass_com_25_janv_2017_no_15_23_547_P_B_Revue_Lamy_Droit_civil_No_148_1er_mai_2017?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_34545964","summary":"Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce I-« SOUMISSION » ÉGALE « CONTRAT D'ADHÉSION » II-LES CLAUSES CONTRÔLABLES III-L'INTERDÉPENDANCE DES STIPULATIONS-Quelques précisions importantes sur le champ d'application et les modalités du déséquilibre significatif de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce Revue Lamy Droit civil, Nº 148, 1er mai 2017 C'est un véritable arrêt de principe qu'a rendu la Chambre commerciale de la Cour de cassation le 25 janvier 2017 à propos du champ d'application et des modalités du déséquilibre significatif opéré sur le fondement de l'article L. 442-6, I, 2º, du Code de commerce. Il en ressort que les conventions susceptibles d'être contrôlées sont les contrats d'adhésion, que le juge peut contrôler l'adéquation du prix à la prestation promise et que l'appréciation du déséquilibre significatif doit tenir compte de l'indépendance des stipulations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54410831,"asset_id":34545964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2032406,"first_name":"Dr. François-Xavier","last_name":"LICARI","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"FrançoisXavierLICARI","display_name":"Dr. François-Xavier LICARI","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisXavierLICARI?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2032406/9840185/10967015/s65_fran_ois-xavier.licari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":10490,"name":"French Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":581109,"name":"Contract, Contracts of Adhesion, Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Contracts_of_Adhesion_Contract_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":810675,"name":"Unconscionable Bargain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unconscionable_Bargain?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1162021,"name":"Droit Des Contrats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Droit_Des_Contrats?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40927958" data-work_id="40927958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40927958/Cr%C3%A9dito_ao_consumo_Diversidade_de_tipos_contratuais">Crédito ao consumo; Diversidade de tipos contratuais</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">No presente trabalho, proponho-me facilitar a identificação das ocorrências contratuais que se submetem ao regime jurídico dos contratos de crédito aos consumidores, previsto no DL 133/2009, de 2 de junho, na redação do DL 42-A/2013, de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40927958" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">No presente trabalho, proponho-me facilitar a identificação das ocorrências contratuais que se submetem ao regime jurídico dos contratos de crédito aos consumidores, previsto no DL 133/2009, de 2 de junho, na redação do DL 42-A/2013, de 28 de março. Para tanto, delineio a noção de contrato de crédito aos consumidores e elenco as situações que, apesar de se subsumirem àquela noção, estão excluídas do âmbito de aplicação do diploma. Prossigo com a identificação das espécies contratuais mais frequentes ou paradigmáticas que se reconduzem à classe dos contratos de crédito aos consumidores. Finalmente, elenco as normas mais significativas do regime legal destinado aos contratos da identificada categoria. Palavras-chave: contrato de crédito; crédito ao consumo; crédito; consumidor <br />Publicado: Higina Orvalho Castelo, «Crédito ao consumo: Diversidade de tipos contratuais». Revista do CEJ, 2014, I, pp. 33-51.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40927958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b443ad5ceb025467c849478ffed34f35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61216871,"asset_id":40927958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61216871/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="135271114" href="https://unl-pt.academia.edu/HiginaCastelo">Higina Castelo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="135271114" type="text/json">{"id":135271114,"first_name":"Higina","last_name":"Castelo","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"HiginaCastelo","display_name":"Higina Castelo","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/HiginaCastelo?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/135271114/35746319/30882997/s65_higina.castelo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40927958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40927958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40927958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40927958", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40927958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40927958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40927958"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40927958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40927958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40927958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40927958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40927958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40927958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40927958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596686" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Credit_Law">Consumer Credit Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596686" type="text/json">{"id":596686,"name":"Consumer Credit Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Credit_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1419984" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Contratual">Direito Contratual</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1419984" type="text/json">{"id":1419984,"name":"Direito Contratual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Contratual?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1568992" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Credito_direto_ao_consumidor">Crédito direto ao consumidor</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1568992" type="text/json">{"id":1568992,"name":"Crédito direto ao consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Credito_direto_ao_consumidor?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40927958]'), work: {"id":40927958,"title":"Crédito ao consumo; Diversidade de tipos contratuais","created_at":"2019-11-14T08:23:54.073-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40927958/Cr%C3%A9dito_ao_consumo_Diversidade_de_tipos_contratuais?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_40927958","summary":"No presente trabalho, proponho-me facilitar a identificação das ocorrências contratuais que se submetem ao regime jurídico dos contratos de crédito aos consumidores, previsto no DL 133/2009, de 2 de junho, na redação do DL 42-A/2013, de 28 de março. Para tanto, delineio a noção de contrato de crédito aos consumidores e elenco as situações que, apesar de se subsumirem àquela noção, estão excluídas do âmbito de aplicação do diploma. Prossigo com a identificação das espécies contratuais mais frequentes ou paradigmáticas que se reconduzem à classe dos contratos de crédito aos consumidores. Finalmente, elenco as normas mais significativas do regime legal destinado aos contratos da identificada categoria. Palavras-chave: contrato de crédito; crédito ao consumo; crédito; consumidor \nPublicado: Higina Orvalho Castelo, «Crédito ao consumo: Diversidade de tipos contratuais». Revista do CEJ, 2014, I, pp. 33-51.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61216871,"asset_id":40927958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":135271114,"first_name":"Higina","last_name":"Castelo","domain_name":"unl-pt","page_name":"HiginaCastelo","display_name":"Higina Castelo","profile_url":"https://unl-pt.academia.edu/HiginaCastelo?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/135271114/35746319/30882997/s65_higina.castelo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":596686,"name":"Consumer Credit Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Credit_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1419984,"name":"Direito Contratual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Contratual?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1568992,"name":"Crédito direto ao consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Credito_direto_ao_consumidor?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79411725" data-work_id="79411725" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79411725/La_Publicidad_Err%C3%B3nea_Un_Problema_De_Excusabilidad_Del_Proveedor_O_De_Recognoscibilidad_Del_Consumidor">La Publicidad Errónea: ¿Un Problema De Excusabilidad Del Proveedor O De Recognoscibilidad Del Consumidor?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79411725" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="59ac8cb104bbe56a979f8aff0f9d8934" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86135949,"asset_id":79411725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86135949/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="188282780" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaVer%C3%B3nicaLopezD%C3%ADaz">Patricia Verónica Lopez Díaz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="188282780" type="text/json">{"id":188282780,"first_name":"Patricia Verónica","last_name":"Lopez Díaz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatriciaVerónicaLopezDíaz","display_name":"Patricia Verónica Lopez Díaz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaVer%C3%B3nicaLopezD%C3%ADaz?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188282780/73882333/62370686/s65_patricia_ver_nica.lopez_d_az.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79411725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79411725"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79411725, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79411725", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79411725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79411725; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79411725"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79411725 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79411725"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79411725; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79411725]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79411725").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79411725").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79411725"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15196" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law">Private law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15196" type="text/json">{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract">Law of Contract</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84904" type="text/json">{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79411725]'), work: {"id":79411725,"title":"La Publicidad Errónea: ¿Un Problema De Excusabilidad Del Proveedor O De Recognoscibilidad Del Consumidor?","created_at":"2022-05-18T18:28:01.795-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79411725/La_Publicidad_Err%C3%B3nea_Un_Problema_De_Excusabilidad_Del_Proveedor_O_De_Recognoscibilidad_Del_Consumidor?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_79411725","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86135949,"asset_id":79411725,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":188282780,"first_name":"Patricia Verónica","last_name":"Lopez Díaz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatriciaVerónicaLopezDíaz","display_name":"Patricia Verónica Lopez Díaz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaVer%C3%B3nicaLopezD%C3%ADaz?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/188282780/73882333/62370686/s65_patricia_ver_nica.lopez_d_az.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":121292,"name":"Consumer protection law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_protection_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":286603,"name":"Derecho del Consumo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_del_Consumo?f_ri=2098"},{"id":584961,"name":"Contract law and Consumer Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_law_and_Consumer_Protection?f_ri=2098"},{"id":636682,"name":"Private Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_Law-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":739196,"name":"Misleading Advertising","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Misleading_Advertising?f_ri=2098"},{"id":822379,"name":"Derechos del Consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos_del_Consumidor?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1323262,"name":"Publicidad Engañosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Publicidad_Enganosa?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3394200,"name":"Ley de protección de los derechos del consumidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ley_de_protecci%C3%B3n_de_los_derechos_del_consumidor?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4039656,"name":"publicidad erronea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/publicidad_erronea?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39643358" data-work_id="39643358" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39643358/Ma%C5%82%C5%BCe%C5%84skie_umowy_maj%C4%85tkowe_w_%C5%9Bwietle_prawa_polskiego">Małżeńskie umowy majątkowe w świetle prawa polskiego</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39643358" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2817c5ba7c33ee853fdfa0f06b6e6a24" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59806970,"asset_id":39643358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59806970/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6247911" href="https://wroc.academia.edu/MateuszGodula">Mateusz Godula</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6247911" type="text/json">{"id":6247911,"first_name":"Mateusz","last_name":"Godula","domain_name":"wroc","page_name":"MateuszGodula","display_name":"Mateusz Godula","profile_url":"https://wroc.academia.edu/MateuszGodula?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39643358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39643358"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39643358, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39643358", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39643358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39643358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39643358"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39643358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39643358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39643358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39643358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39643358").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39643358").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39643358"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3687" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law">Family Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3687" type="text/json">{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149258" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenuptial_agreements">Prenuptial agreements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="149258" type="text/json">{"id":149258,"name":"Prenuptial agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenuptial_agreements?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39643358]'), work: {"id":39643358,"title":"Małżeńskie umowy majątkowe w świetle prawa polskiego","created_at":"2019-06-20T05:54:54.172-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39643358/Ma%C5%82%C5%BCe%C5%84skie_umowy_maj%C4%85tkowe_w_%C5%9Bwietle_prawa_polskiego?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_39643358","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59806970,"asset_id":39643358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6247911,"first_name":"Mateusz","last_name":"Godula","domain_name":"wroc","page_name":"MateuszGodula","display_name":"Mateusz Godula","profile_url":"https://wroc.academia.edu/MateuszGodula?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":149258,"name":"Prenuptial agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenuptial_agreements?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6143329" data-work_id="6143329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6143329/The_Need_for_Increased_Banking_Regulation">The Need for Increased Banking Regulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Banking regulation</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6143329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c1aded764ded4057344fefbbdb0f1cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33038499,"asset_id":6143329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33038499/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5650308" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe">Marvin Rowe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5650308" type="text/json">{"id":5650308,"first_name":"Marvin","last_name":"Rowe","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"MarvinRowe","display_name":"Marvin Rowe","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6143329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6143329"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6143329, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6143329", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6143329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6143329; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6143329"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6143329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6143329"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6143329; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6143329]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6143329").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6143329").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6143329"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">207</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior">Organizational Behavior</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32" type="text/json">{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6143329]'), work: {"id":6143329,"title":"The Need for Increased Banking Regulation","created_at":"2014-02-19T23:36:50.927-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6143329/The_Need_for_Increased_Banking_Regulation?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_6143329","summary":"Banking regulation","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33038499,"asset_id":6143329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5650308,"first_name":"Marvin","last_name":"Rowe","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"MarvinRowe","display_name":"Marvin Rowe","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/MarvinRowe?f_ri=2098","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=2098"},{"id":45,"name":"Business Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration?f_ri=2098"},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=2098"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=2098"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":244,"name":"Psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=2098"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=2098"},{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":445,"name":"Computer Graphics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Graphics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=2098"},{"id":472,"name":"Human Computer Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Computer_Interaction?f_ri=2098"},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=2098"},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=2098"},{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=2098"},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":735,"name":"International Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":748,"name":"Financial Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Economics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=2098"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":826,"name":"Greek Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Literature?f_ri=2098"},{"id":829,"name":"Roman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=2098"},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=2098"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":930,"name":"Intercultural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_Communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=2098"},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=2098"},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":942,"name":"Tourism Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Marketing?f_ri=2098"},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1279,"name":"Science Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1306,"name":"European Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1307,"name":"Environmental Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1324,"name":"Organizational Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Change?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1380,"name":"Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1786,"name":"Social Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Marketing?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1932,"name":"Business \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Society?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2731,"name":"Mathematics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics_Education?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3131,"name":"Small Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_Business?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3287,"name":"Regulation And Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_And_Governance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3492,"name":"Financial Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Accounting-2?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3692,"name":"International Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3772,"name":"Legal History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":3781,"name":"Private International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4051,"name":"Business Process Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Process_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=2098"},{"id":4730,"name":"Mass Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5401,"name":"Computer-Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer-Mediated_Communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5745,"name":"Social Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Capital?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6337,"name":"Oral history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_history?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6858,"name":"Food History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7357,"name":"Business Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Intelligence?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7369,"name":"Political communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_communication?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=2098"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":10679,"name":"International Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Marketing?f_ri=2098"},{"id":11035,"name":"Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":11105,"name":"Self Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":11665,"name":"International Humanitarian Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Humanitarian_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":11684,"name":"Money and Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Money_and_Banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12444,"name":"Film History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12785,"name":"History of International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_International_Relations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":12908,"name":"International HRM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_HRM?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13258,"name":"Marketing Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_Research?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13474,"name":"World Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Bank?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13923,"name":"Computer Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security?f_ri=2098"},{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":14863,"name":"Banking Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=2098"},{"id":16153,"name":"International Mangement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Mangement?f_ri=2098"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=2098"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=2098"},{"id":21923,"name":"Islamic Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":21928,"name":"Islamic Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":27560,"name":"Company Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":32190,"name":"Banking \u0026 Financial Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_and_Financial_Services?f_ri=2098"},{"id":45909,"name":"Self-regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":46429,"name":"Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":47760,"name":"International Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":49103,"name":"Regulation of financial markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_of_financial_markets?f_ri=2098"},{"id":55030,"name":"Investment Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment_Banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":57228,"name":"Financial Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":62650,"name":"Business Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Models?f_ri=2098"},{"id":71839,"name":"Business and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Society-1?f_ri=2098"},{"id":72261,"name":"Accounting and Finance in Family Firms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting_and_Finance_in_Family_Firms?f_ri=2098"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal?f_ri=2098"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=2098"},{"id":132821,"name":"Securities Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Securities_Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":147142,"name":"Business \u0026 Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Ethics?f_ri=2098"},{"id":206104,"name":"Finance and banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":212001,"name":"European Central Bank","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Central_Bank?f_ri=2098"},{"id":217093,"name":"Politics of international financial regulations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_international_financial_regulations?f_ri=2098"},{"id":309524,"name":"Deregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deregulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":876818,"name":"Financial Ratio Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Ratio_Analysis?f_ri=2098"},{"id":924855,"name":"Political Economy of Financial Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Financial_Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1223674,"name":"Finance and banking law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_banking_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1296761,"name":"The Need For Increased Banking Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Need_For_Increased_Banking_Regulation?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1296762,"name":"Banking Act 2009","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Act_2009?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1296763,"name":"Banking Act","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Act?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1296764,"name":"Banking Act 2000","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Act_2000?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2759648" data-work_id="2759648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2759648/Doping_Idrottsligt_fusk_eller_r%C3%A4ttslig_angel%C3%A4genhet">Doping – Idrottsligt fusk eller rättslig angelägenhet?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Denna bok tar ett samlat grepp om rättsliga och idrottsliga åtgärder mot doping. Boken utreder bland annat vad som utgör doping, vilka motiv som ligger bakom olika åtgärder och när olika regler är tillämpliga. Den behandlar också det... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2759648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Denna bok tar ett samlat grepp om rättsliga och idrottsliga åtgärder mot doping. Boken utreder bland annat vad som utgör doping, vilka motiv som ligger bakom olika åtgärder och när olika regler är tillämpliga. Den behandlar också det faktum att vissa dopingbekämpande åtgärder inom idrotten är rättsligt förbjudna. Författarens ambition är inte att undergräva idrottens antidopingarbete, utan att peka ut brister och problem för att i förlängningen stärka kampen mot doping, genom utformningen av ett regelverk som är förenligt med rättsliga krav.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2759648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14ce8ea0f92f81d6bdf3309974af6b8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54108597,"asset_id":2759648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54108597/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="331291" href="https://umu.academia.edu/JohanLindholm">Johan Lindholm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="331291" type="text/json">{"id":331291,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Lindholm","domain_name":"umu","page_name":"JohanLindholm","display_name":"Johan Lindholm","profile_url":"https://umu.academia.edu/JohanLindholm?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/331291/96477/13112700/s65_johan.lindholm.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2759648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2759648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2759648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2759648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2759648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2759648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2759648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2759648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2759648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2759648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2759648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2759648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2759648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2759648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration">Public Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="799" type="text/json">{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2759648]'), work: {"id":2759648,"title":"Doping – Idrottsligt fusk eller rättslig angelägenhet?","created_at":"2013-02-27T16:08:10.788-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2759648/Doping_Idrottsligt_fusk_eller_r%C3%A4ttslig_angel%C3%A4genhet?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_2759648","summary":"Denna bok tar ett samlat grepp om rättsliga och idrottsliga åtgärder mot doping. Boken utreder bland annat vad som utgör doping, vilka motiv som ligger bakom olika åtgärder och när olika regler är tillämpliga. Den behandlar också det faktum att vissa dopingbekämpande åtgärder inom idrotten är rättsligt förbjudna. Författarens ambition är inte att undergräva idrottens antidopingarbete, utan att peka ut brister och problem för att i förlängningen stärka kampen mot doping, genom utformningen av ett regelverk som är förenligt med rättsliga krav.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54108597,"asset_id":2759648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":331291,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Lindholm","domain_name":"umu","page_name":"JohanLindholm","display_name":"Johan Lindholm","profile_url":"https://umu.academia.edu/JohanLindholm?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/331291/96477/13112700/s65_johan.lindholm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":799,"name":"Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2709,"name":"Competition Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2740,"name":"Sports Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":6014,"name":"Construction Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":9382,"name":"International Sports Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Sports_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":33912,"name":"Doping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doping?f_ri=2098"},{"id":41234,"name":"Administrative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administrative_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports?f_ri=2098"},{"id":59000,"name":"Sports law/Anti-Doping/International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_law_Anti-Doping_International_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":167539,"name":"EU Law (EU legal order: EU legal sources, institutions, remedies, relations with national laws); General Principles of EU Law; EU Migration and Asylum Law, EU Antidiscrimination Law, EU Fundamental Rights and links with the ECHR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EU_Law_EU_legal_order_EU_legal_sources_institutions_remedies_relations_with_national_laws_Gen?f_ri=2098"},{"id":677129,"name":"Criminal Procedural Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Procedural_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":969934,"name":"Academic Legal Writing and Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Legal_Writing_and_Research?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44704418" data-work_id="44704418" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44704418/Portuguese_report_on_immoral_contracts">Portuguese report on immoral contracts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Portuguese report to the Common Core of European Private Law volume on "immoral contracts". Report includes analysis of case scenarios on a range of issues, from sex work to surrogacy, from freedom to marry to inheritance issues, from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44704418" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Portuguese report to the Common Core of European Private Law volume on "immoral contracts". Report includes analysis of case scenarios on a range of issues, from sex work to surrogacy, from freedom to marry to inheritance issues, from suretyships to usury.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44704418" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="532c69ce9169641da70bec31f195a263" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65182389,"asset_id":44704418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65182389/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13972431" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/NunoFerreira">Nuno Ferreira</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13972431" type="text/json">{"id":13972431,"first_name":"Nuno","last_name":"Ferreira","domain_name":"sussex","page_name":"NunoFerreira","display_name":"Nuno Ferreira","profile_url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/NunoFerreira?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13972431/4138420/11233508/s65_nuno.ferreira.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44704418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44704418"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44704418, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44704418", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44704418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44704418; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44704418"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44704418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44704418"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44704418; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44704418]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44704418").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44704418").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44704418"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3687" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law">Family Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3687" type="text/json">{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Private_Law">Comparative Private Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7946" type="text/json">{"id":7946,"name":"Comparative Private Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Private_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44704418]'), work: {"id":44704418,"title":"Portuguese report on immoral contracts","created_at":"2020-12-14T14:17:39.710-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44704418/Portuguese_report_on_immoral_contracts?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_44704418","summary":"Portuguese report to the Common Core of European Private Law volume on \"immoral contracts\". Report includes analysis of case scenarios on a range of issues, from sex work to surrogacy, from freedom to marry to inheritance issues, from suretyships to usury. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65182389,"asset_id":44704418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13972431,"first_name":"Nuno","last_name":"Ferreira","domain_name":"sussex","page_name":"NunoFerreira","display_name":"Nuno Ferreira","profile_url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/NunoFerreira?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13972431/4138420/11233508/s65_nuno.ferreira.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3687,"name":"Family Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7946,"name":"Comparative Private Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Private_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":15011,"name":"Sex Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Work?f_ri=2098"},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":20844,"name":"European private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_private_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":58790,"name":"Usury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usury?f_ri=2098"},{"id":84904,"name":"Law of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Contract?f_ri=2098"},{"id":86899,"name":"Surrogacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surrogacy?f_ri=2098"},{"id":92865,"name":"Legal Harmonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Harmonization?f_ri=2098"},{"id":108283,"name":"Surrogate Motherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surrogate_Motherhood?f_ri=2098"},{"id":166297,"name":"Obligation Law, Suretyship, cumulative assumption of debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obligation_Law_Suretyship_cumulative_assumption_of_debt?f_ri=2098"},{"id":184813,"name":"Sex Work/sex Workers Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Work_sex_Workers_Rights?f_ri=2098"},{"id":291790,"name":"Inheritance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inheritance_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":557356,"name":"Pre-Nuptial Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Nuptial_Agreements?f_ri=2098"},{"id":744962,"name":"Harmonization of European Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harmonization_of_European_Contract_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":2593057,"name":"surety law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/surety_law?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41771466" data-work_id="41771466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41771466/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8">Перехід прав кредитора до третіх осіб в цивільному праві України</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41771466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77fbaa1dc1b508d53a8846c704751120" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61928258,"asset_id":41771466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61928258/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="70722163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKot">Alexey Kot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="70722163" type="text/json">{"id":70722163,"first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Kot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexeyKot","display_name":"Alexey Kot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKot?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/70722163/39182492/32516176/s65_alexey.kot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41771466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41771466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41771466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41771466", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41771466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41771466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41771466"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41771466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41771466"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41771466; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41771466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41771466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41771466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41771466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law">Insurance Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3838" type="text/json">{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41771466]'), work: {"id":41771466,"title":"Перехід прав кредитора до третіх осіб в цивільному праві України","created_at":"2020-01-29T03:30:46.678-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41771466/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1_%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_41771466","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61928258,"asset_id":41771466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":70722163,"first_name":"Alexey","last_name":"Kot","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexeyKot","display_name":"Alexey Kot","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexeyKot?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/70722163/39182492/32516176/s65_alexey.kot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3838,"name":"Insurance Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=2098"},{"id":14863,"name":"Banking Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":120488,"name":"Insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurance?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1223674,"name":"Finance and banking law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_banking_law?f_ri=2098"},{"id":1651729,"name":"цивільне право","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35346919" data-work_id="35346919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35346919/Advertising_as_a_source_of_terms_At_the_crossroads_between_contract_and_consumer_law">Advertising as a source of terms - At the crossroads between contract and consumer law</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The influence that advertising has on contemporary society is undeniable. Its importance transcends the original boundaries of its area of activity to boldly assume a position as a sort of “magical wise woman-cum-mother of our time” ,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35346919" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The influence that advertising has on contemporary society is undeniable. Its importance transcends the original boundaries of its area of activity to boldly assume a position as a sort of “magical wise woman-cum-mother of our time” , with a presence in and hold over a multitude of aspects of people’s lives.<br />Within a legal context, advertising was seen until a few decades ago as an alien phenomena in respect of the general theory of Contract Law and, in particular, to its content. The incidents produced by eventual discrepancies between advertising and reality – as a result of a contract – were commonly resolved through the notion of pre-contractual liability .<br />The reason why advertising – or, more correctly, the information advertised – remained on the margin of contractual terms stems from a voluntarist concept of contracts . This notion has been gradually whittled away, not only in the area of consumer contracts but also in other specific (non-consumer) ones, allowing terms to be extended in order to include the information advertised. <br />In this incorporation of advertising into the content of the contract, we should stipulate the cause and scope of its binding nature, as well as its interaction with the sources of contractual terms. We will discuss this, in that order.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35346919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8da485eb42c1dcc5a140e29fd889aec8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55207588,"asset_id":35346919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55207588/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57495123" href="https://brr.academia.edu/FranciscodeElizalde">Francisco de Elizalde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57495123" type="text/json">{"id":57495123,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"de Elizalde","domain_name":"brr","page_name":"FranciscodeElizalde","display_name":"Francisco de Elizalde","profile_url":"https://brr.academia.edu/FranciscodeElizalde?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57495123/18527196/18494107/s65_francisco.de_elizalde.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35346919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35346919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35346919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35346919", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35346919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35346919; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35346919"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35346919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35346919"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35346919; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35346919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35346919").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35346919").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35346919"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="546" type="text/json">{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15196" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law">Private law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15196" type="text/json">{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50278" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Law">Consumer Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50278" type="text/json">{"id":50278,"name":"Consumer Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35346919]'), work: {"id":35346919,"title":"Advertising as a source of terms - At the crossroads between contract and consumer law","created_at":"2017-12-05T08:48:21.942-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35346919/Advertising_as_a_source_of_terms_At_the_crossroads_between_contract_and_consumer_law?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_35346919","summary":"The influence that advertising has on contemporary society is undeniable. Its importance transcends the original boundaries of its area of activity to boldly assume a position as a sort of “magical wise woman-cum-mother of our time” , with a presence in and hold over a multitude of aspects of people’s lives.\nWithin a legal context, advertising was seen until a few decades ago as an alien phenomena in respect of the general theory of Contract Law and, in particular, to its content. The incidents produced by eventual discrepancies between advertising and reality – as a result of a contract – were commonly resolved through the notion of pre-contractual liability .\nThe reason why advertising – or, more correctly, the information advertised – remained on the margin of contractual terms stems from a voluntarist concept of contracts . This notion has been gradually whittled away, not only in the area of consumer contracts but also in other specific (non-consumer) ones, allowing terms to be extended in order to include the information advertised. \nIn this incorporation of advertising into the content of the contract, we should stipulate the cause and scope of its binding nature, as well as its interaction with the sources of contractual terms. We will discuss this, in that order.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55207588,"asset_id":35346919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57495123,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"de Elizalde","domain_name":"brr","page_name":"FranciscodeElizalde","display_name":"Francisco de Elizalde","profile_url":"https://brr.academia.edu/FranciscodeElizalde?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57495123/18527196/18494107/s65_francisco.de_elizalde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":546,"name":"Comparative Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":15196,"name":"Private law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":50278,"name":"Consumer Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36967007" data-work_id="36967007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36967007/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0_%D0%90_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_2018_352_%D1%81">Право и внешнеэкономическая деятельность. История и современность : монография / под общ. ред. Р. А. Курбанова. – Москва : Проспект, 2018. – 352 с.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Данная монография посвящена основам правового регулирования внешнеэкономической деятельности (далее – ВЭД) и основным видам внешнеэкономических сделок, наиболее часто встречающихся в практике осуществления ВЭД. При ее написании... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36967007" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Данная монография посвящена основам правового регулирования внешнеэкономической деятельности (далее – ВЭД) и основным видам внешнеэкономических сделок, наиболее часто встречающихся в практике осуществления ВЭД. При ее написании использовались международные договоры, акты национального законодательства, подзаконные акты, доктринальные источники, судебные и арбитражные решения на языке. Авторы: Курбанов Рашад Афатович, Лалетина Алла Сергеевна, Зульфугарзаде Теймур Эльдарович, Налетов Кирилл Игоревич, Баланюк Леонид Леонидович, Белялова Асия Мидихатовна, Гречуха Владимир Николаевич, Гурбанов Рамин Афад-оглы, Лубягина Дина Владимировна, Свечникова Наталья Викторовна, Слободяник Виктор Владимирович, Спектор Асия Ахметовна</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36967007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b418c1db68db6a986051e80529e27c7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56916608,"asset_id":36967007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56916608/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3543899" href="https://reu.academia.edu/TeymurZulfugarzade">Teymur Zulfugarzade</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3543899" type="text/json">{"id":3543899,"first_name":"Teymur","last_name":"Zulfugarzade","domain_name":"reu","page_name":"TeymurZulfugarzade","display_name":"Teymur Zulfugarzade","profile_url":"https://reu.academia.edu/TeymurZulfugarzade?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3543899/1220985/1526985/s65_teymur.zul_fugarzade.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36967007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36967007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36967007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36967007", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36967007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36967007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36967007"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36967007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36967007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36967007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36967007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36967007").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36967007").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36967007"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="548" type="text/json">{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36967007]'), work: {"id":36967007,"title":"Право и внешнеэкономическая деятельность. История и современность : монография / под общ. ред. Р. А. Курбанова. – Москва : Проспект, 2018. – 352 с.","created_at":"2018-07-03T04:10:23.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36967007/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A0_%D0%90_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_2018_352_%D1%81?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_36967007","summary":"Данная монография посвящена основам правового регулирования внешнеэкономической деятельности (далее – ВЭД) и основным видам внешнеэкономических сделок, наиболее часто встречающихся в практике осуществления ВЭД. При ее написании использовались международные договоры, акты национального законодательства, подзаконные акты, доктринальные источники, судебные и арбитражные решения на языке. Авторы: Курбанов Рашад Афатович, Лалетина Алла Сергеевна, Зульфугарзаде Теймур Эльдарович, Налетов Кирилл Игоревич, Баланюк Леонид Леонидович, Белялова Асия Мидихатовна, Гречуха Владимир Николаевич, Гурбанов Рамин Афад-оглы, Лубягина Дина Владимировна, Свечникова Наталья Викторовна, Слободяник Виктор Владимирович, Спектор Асия Ахметовна","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56916608,"asset_id":36967007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3543899,"first_name":"Teymur","last_name":"Zulfugarzade","domain_name":"reu","page_name":"TeymurZulfugarzade","display_name":"Teymur Zulfugarzade","profile_url":"https://reu.academia.edu/TeymurZulfugarzade?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3543899/1220985/1526985/s65_teymur.zul_fugarzade.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":7560,"name":"Public International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_International_Law?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42156777" data-work_id="42156777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42156777/Land_Use_and_the_Transportation_of_Oil_and_Gas_in_Nigeria_The_Legal_and_Social_Challenges_of_Pipelines">Land Use and the Transportation of Oil and Gas in Nigeria: The Legal and Social Challenges of Pipelines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nigeria depend greatly on oil and gas production to meet its revenue needs. Several initiatives are currently being gauged to diminish the high transaction cost of pipeline failures and the consequences on land rights' holders. Oil and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42156777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nigeria depend greatly on oil and gas production to meet its revenue needs. Several initiatives are currently being gauged to diminish the high transaction cost of pipeline failures and the consequences on land rights' holders. Oil and gas are essential commodities hence, requires reliable means by which they can be conveyed from the platforms (sources of production) to the consumers. One of the sustainable and reliable means of conveying large quantities of oil and gas from one point to another is by purposely constructed pipelines. It is against the backdrop of the crucial needs for the use of pipelines to convey petroleum products that this article investigated the legal and social challenges of oil and gas pipelines in Nigeria. It found that, the laws and institutions responsible for governance of pipelines in Nigeria are defective and unsustainable. Furthermore, the weaknesses of the monitoring agencies and faulty legal regimes in Nigeria with regards to land use, revocation and flexible powers given to the pipeline owners to be able to vary routes and take lands of others in the name of public interest is one of the prime factors causing discontent and leading to pipeline vandalism. Amongst others, the article recommend that the government should energize the relevant agencies by entering into partnership with experts from overseas that can foster transfer of knowledge which would drive safety regulations grounded on effective risk analyses and cost-benefit analyses. Precisely, the regulatory agencies such as the Department of Petroleum Resources should embark on dependable risk management strategies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42156777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1eeb0f719608989206a26331315e8303" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62297172,"asset_id":42156777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62297172/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148616245" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnugbumOnuoha">Anugbum Onuoha, PhD (Law), BL.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148616245" type="text/json">{"id":148616245,"first_name":"Anugbum","last_name":"Onuoha, PhD (Law), BL.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnugbumOnuoha","display_name":"Anugbum Onuoha, PhD (Law), BL.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnugbumOnuoha?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148616245/41534619/130448103/s65_anugbum.onuoha_phd_law_bl..jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42156777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42156777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42156777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42156777", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42156777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42156777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42156777"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42156777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42156777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42156777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42156777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42156777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42156777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42156777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law">Land Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14768" type="text/json">{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143429" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_and_Property_Law">Private and Property Law.</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="143429" type="text/json">{"id":143429,"name":"Private and Property Law.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_and_Property_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42156777]'), work: {"id":42156777,"title":"Land Use and the Transportation of Oil and Gas in Nigeria: The Legal and Social Challenges of Pipelines","created_at":"2020-03-06T16:54:49.062-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42156777/Land_Use_and_the_Transportation_of_Oil_and_Gas_in_Nigeria_The_Legal_and_Social_Challenges_of_Pipelines?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_42156777","summary":"Nigeria depend greatly on oil and gas production to meet its revenue needs. Several initiatives are currently being gauged to diminish the high transaction cost of pipeline failures and the consequences on land rights' holders. Oil and gas are essential commodities hence, requires reliable means by which they can be conveyed from the platforms (sources of production) to the consumers. One of the sustainable and reliable means of conveying large quantities of oil and gas from one point to another is by purposely constructed pipelines. It is against the backdrop of the crucial needs for the use of pipelines to convey petroleum products that this article investigated the legal and social challenges of oil and gas pipelines in Nigeria. It found that, the laws and institutions responsible for governance of pipelines in Nigeria are defective and unsustainable. Furthermore, the weaknesses of the monitoring agencies and faulty legal regimes in Nigeria with regards to land use, revocation and flexible powers given to the pipeline owners to be able to vary routes and take lands of others in the name of public interest is one of the prime factors causing discontent and leading to pipeline vandalism. Amongst others, the article recommend that the government should energize the relevant agencies by entering into partnership with experts from overseas that can foster transfer of knowledge which would drive safety regulations grounded on effective risk analyses and cost-benefit analyses. Precisely, the regulatory agencies such as the Department of Petroleum Resources should embark on dependable risk management strategies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62297172,"asset_id":42156777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148616245,"first_name":"Anugbum","last_name":"Onuoha, PhD (Law), BL.","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnugbumOnuoha","display_name":"Anugbum Onuoha, PhD (Law), BL.","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnugbumOnuoha?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148616245/41534619/130448103/s65_anugbum.onuoha_phd_law_bl..jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":143429,"name":"Private and Property Law.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_and_Property_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38775771" data-work_id="38775771" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38775771/Frustration_of_contract_en_el_common_law_ingles">Frustration of contract en el common law ingles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La característica general del common law frente a la imposibilidad sobrevenida de la prestación es, según la interpretación tradicional, el respeto formal y casi absoluto de la obligatoriedad del contrato. Este respeto se ha manifestado... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38775771" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La característica general del common law frente a la imposibilidad sobrevenida de la prestación es, según la interpretación tradicional, el respeto formal y casi absoluto de la obligatoriedad del contrato. Este respeto se ha manifestado comúnmente no solo en relación con el cambio del valor económico de las prestaciones-y por ende de la distribución del riesgo económico por el aumento desproporcionado de la diferencia de valor-, sino también en relación con la imposibilidad sobrevenida de ejecutarlas 1. De esto puede entonces afirmarse-y se procurará demostrarlo en las páginas que siguen-que en el common law la imposibilidad sobrevenida y la excesiva onerosidad sobrevenida de la prestación tienen el mismo tratamiento doctrinal en lo que hace a la modificación del contrato, ya que los mecanismos de tutela contra el desequilibrio contractual sobrevenido tienen su origen en precedentes jurisprudenciales comunes y, en realidad, el criterio usado parte de una aplicación extensiva de los mecanismos previstos para regular los efectos de la imposibilidad en general.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38775771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13822a7c397eef791c4cc23c94f84bf2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58864994,"asset_id":38775771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58864994/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="87815781" href="https://uexternado.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9F%C3%A9lixChamie">José Félix Chamie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="87815781" type="text/json">{"id":87815781,"first_name":"José Félix","last_name":"Chamie","domain_name":"uexternado","page_name":"JoséFélixChamie","display_name":"José Félix Chamie","profile_url":"https://uexternado.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9F%C3%A9lixChamie?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87815781/22513328/27631541/s65_jos_f_lix.chamie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38775771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38775771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38775771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38775771", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38775771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38775771; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38775771"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38775771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38775771"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38775771; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38775771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38775771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38775771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38775771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="377856" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frustration_of_Contract">Frustration of Contract</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="377856" type="text/json">{"id":377856,"name":"Frustration of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frustration_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="883591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Common_Law">English Common Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="883591" type="text/json">{"id":883591,"name":"English Common Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Common_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3324275" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imposibility_of_performance">Imposibility of performance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3324275" type="text/json">{"id":3324275,"name":"Imposibility of performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imposibility_of_performance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38775771]'), work: {"id":38775771,"title":"Frustration of contract en el common law ingles","created_at":"2019-04-11T08:36:37.940-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38775771/Frustration_of_contract_en_el_common_law_ingles?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_38775771","summary":"La característica general del common law frente a la imposibilidad sobrevenida de la prestación es, según la interpretación tradicional, el respeto formal y casi absoluto de la obligatoriedad del contrato. Este respeto se ha manifestado comúnmente no solo en relación con el cambio del valor económico de las prestaciones-y por ende de la distribución del riesgo económico por el aumento desproporcionado de la diferencia de valor-, sino también en relación con la imposibilidad sobrevenida de ejecutarlas 1. De esto puede entonces afirmarse-y se procurará demostrarlo en las páginas que siguen-que en el common law la imposibilidad sobrevenida y la excesiva onerosidad sobrevenida de la prestación tienen el mismo tratamiento doctrinal en lo que hace a la modificación del contrato, ya que los mecanismos de tutela contra el desequilibrio contractual sobrevenido tienen su origen en precedentes jurisprudenciales comunes y, en realidad, el criterio usado parte de una aplicación extensiva de los mecanismos previstos para regular los efectos de la imposibilidad en general.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58864994,"asset_id":38775771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":87815781,"first_name":"José Félix","last_name":"Chamie","domain_name":"uexternado","page_name":"JoséFélixChamie","display_name":"José Félix Chamie","profile_url":"https://uexternado.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9F%C3%A9lixChamie?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87815781/22513328/27631541/s65_jos_f_lix.chamie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":377856,"name":"Frustration of Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frustration_of_Contract?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":883591,"name":"English Common Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Common_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":3324275,"name":"Imposibility of performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imposibility_of_performance?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37421703" data-work_id="37421703" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37421703/Ius_variandi_e_recesso_discrezionale_nel_contratto_di_appalto">Ius variandi e recesso discrezionale nel contratto di appalto</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37421703" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="71b57859ba5af561ad31906639b1302f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57386641,"asset_id":37421703,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57386641/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21625723" href="https://unige-it.academia.edu/LucaGi">Luca Guerrini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21625723" type="text/json">{"id":21625723,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Guerrini","domain_name":"unige-it","page_name":"LucaGi","display_name":"Luca Guerrini","profile_url":"https://unige-it.academia.edu/LucaGi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21625723/5940457/20130795/s65_luca.guerrini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37421703 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37421703"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37421703, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37421703", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37421703 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37421703; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37421703"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37421703 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37421703"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37421703; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37421703]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37421703").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37421703").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37421703"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13972" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law">Commercial Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13972" type="text/json">{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="346104" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratti">Contratti</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="346104" type="text/json">{"id":346104,"name":"Contratti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratti?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="488362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appalto">Appalto</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="488362" type="text/json">{"id":488362,"name":"Appalto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appalto?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37421703]'), work: {"id":37421703,"title":"Ius variandi e recesso discrezionale nel contratto di appalto","created_at":"2018-09-15T10:26:08.288-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37421703/Ius_variandi_e_recesso_discrezionale_nel_contratto_di_appalto?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_37421703","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57386641,"asset_id":37421703,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21625723,"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Guerrini","domain_name":"unige-it","page_name":"LucaGi","display_name":"Luca Guerrini","profile_url":"https://unige-it.academia.edu/LucaGi?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21625723/5940457/20130795/s65_luca.guerrini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":13972,"name":"Commercial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":346104,"name":"Contratti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratti?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":488362,"name":"Appalto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appalto?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15345526" data-work_id="15345526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15345526/FRAMST%C3%84LLNING_F%C3%96R_ALLA_M%C3%84NNISKORS_KONSTITUTIONELA_V%C3%84RDE_INF%C3%96R_LIKA_INF%C3%96R_LAGEN_I_E_U">FRAMSTÄLLNING FÖR ALLA MÄNNISKORS KONSTITUTIONELA VÄRDE INFÖR "LIKA INFÖR LAGEN" I E.U.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">För Demokratin, i Rättvisans namn, Och fulländan för allas Lyckan för ”LIKA INFÖR LAGEN” a) Grundlagens "Lika inför Lagen" kontinuiteten till den enskilda medborgaren som gäller i Sverige, enligt rättsbalkens 11.e kapitel § 1. ”Envar kan... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15345526" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">För Demokratin, i Rättvisans namn,<br />Och fulländan för allas Lyckan för ”LIKA INFÖR LAGEN”<br /><br />a) Grundlagens "Lika inför Lagen" kontinuiteten till den enskilda medborgaren som gäller i Sverige, enligt rättsbalkens 11.e kapitel § 1. ”Envar kan vara part i rättegång”, och enligt rättsbalkens 12.e kapitel § 1. tillåtes att parts talan, ”må föras genom ombud” ber antas i Europa Unionens Fördrag, till gällande RÄTTS PRAXIS i alla Europeiska länder.<br /><br />Efter att EU Parlamentet beslutat.<br />b) EUs Länders fullvärdiga medlemmar ska anpassa sin lagstiftning och rättegångsbalken,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15345526" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7606f0a0ef447731f21cb4fa8b98e60" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40898657,"asset_id":15345526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40898657/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1234882" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AthanassiadisKonstantinos">Konstantinos N & K . Athanassiadis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1234882" type="text/json">{"id":1234882,"first_name":"Konstantinos","last_name":"Athanassiadis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AthanassiadisKonstantinos","display_name":"Konstantinos N \u0026 K . Athanassiadis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AthanassiadisKonstantinos?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/7119b0b94eab7b8fcafa57dc5dd82749?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15345526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15345526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15345526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15345526", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15345526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15345526; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15345526"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15345526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15345526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15345526; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15345526]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15345526").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15345526").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15345526"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="542" type="text/json">{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15345526]'), work: {"id":15345526,"title":"FRAMSTÄLLNING FÖR ALLA MÄNNISKORS KONSTITUTIONELA VÄRDE INFÖR \"LIKA INFÖR LAGEN\" I E.U.","created_at":"2015-09-02T04:10:32.046-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15345526/FRAMST%C3%84LLNING_F%C3%96R_ALLA_M%C3%84NNISKORS_KONSTITUTIONELA_V%C3%84RDE_INF%C3%96R_LIKA_INF%C3%96R_LAGEN_I_E_U?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_15345526","summary":"För Demokratin, i Rättvisans namn,\nOch fulländan för allas Lyckan för ”LIKA INFÖR LAGEN”\n\na) Grundlagens \"Lika inför Lagen\" kontinuiteten till den enskilda medborgaren som gäller i Sverige, enligt rättsbalkens 11.e kapitel § 1. ”Envar kan vara part i rättegång”, och enligt rättsbalkens 12.e kapitel § 1. tillåtes att parts talan, ”må föras genom ombud” ber antas i Europa Unionens Fördrag, till gällande RÄTTS PRAXIS i alla Europeiska länder.\n\nEfter att EU Parlamentet beslutat.\nb) EUs Länders fullvärdiga medlemmar ska anpassa sin lagstiftning och rättegångsbalken,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40898657,"asset_id":15345526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":38644368,"asset_id":15345526,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1234882,"first_name":"Konstantinos","last_name":"Athanassiadis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AthanassiadisKonstantinos","display_name":"Konstantinos N \u0026 K . Athanassiadis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AthanassiadisKonstantinos?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/7119b0b94eab7b8fcafa57dc5dd82749?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=2098"},{"id":5960,"name":"Continental Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_Philosophy?f_ri=2098"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10266343" data-work_id="10266343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10266343/Strictly_personsal_not_business_contractuele_schade_in_de_vennootschapssfeer">Strictly personsal, not business: contractuele schade in de vennootschapssfeer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10266343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fde83241dab889816dc10dc906669a1a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36351188,"asset_id":10266343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36351188/download_file?st=MTczMjQzMTcyMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5427677" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JoeriVananroye">Joeri Vananroye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5427677" type="text/json">{"id":5427677,"first_name":"Joeri","last_name":"Vananroye","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"JoeriVananroye","display_name":"Joeri Vananroye","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JoeriVananroye?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5427677/2384710/11986570/s65_joeri.vananroye.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10266343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10266343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10266343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10266343", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10266343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10266343; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10266343"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10266343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10266343"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10266343; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10266343]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10266343").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10266343").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10266343"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law">Contract Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2098" type="text/json">{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27560" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_Law">Company Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27560" type="text/json">{"id":27560,"name":"Company Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10266343]'), work: {"id":10266343,"title":"Strictly personsal, not business: contractuele schade in de vennootschapssfeer","created_at":"2015-01-21T09:15:57.016-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10266343/Strictly_personsal_not_business_contractuele_schade_in_de_vennootschapssfeer?f_ri=2098","dom_id":"work_10266343","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36351188,"asset_id":10266343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5427677,"first_name":"Joeri","last_name":"Vananroye","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"JoeriVananroye","display_name":"Joeri Vananroye","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JoeriVananroye?f_ri=2098","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5427677/2384710/11986570/s65_joeri.vananroye.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2098,"name":"Contract Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false},{"id":27560,"name":"Company Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Company_Law?f_ri=2098","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Contract_Law?after=50%2C10266343" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Contract_Law?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="534">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="534">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Law">Comparative Law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="546">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="546">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law">Civil Law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="548">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="548">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Private_law">Private law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="15196">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="15196">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tort_Law">Tort Law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="32920">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="32920">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_of_Obligations">Law of Obligations</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="8080">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="8080">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_private_law">European private law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="20844">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="20844">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diritto_Civile">Diritto Civile</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="129314">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="129314">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Law">European Law</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1306">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1306">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_History">Legal History</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="3772">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="3772">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "e002b6336e05cbe81eceddc92fa9ac39a8d1b71b9c95cb5132391418d12ae346", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="I9Sclk2ulTz0UQW1S0ypDs6vyo75ZeWeal+xfbVMQDkviDDo9DJxY18wSRrQhO2J72sBdvp1Mw2FxNQPsXUaaQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract_Law" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="LvOjfk+2L5KwI/uMrD9Q6EeC5pbuZWiU6GkJIZWsXcIirw8A9irLzRtCtyM39xRvZkYtbu11vgcH8mxTkZUHkg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>