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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Undesireable_components_in_raw_extract" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undesireable_components_in_raw_extract"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Undesireable components in raw extract</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undesireable_components_in_raw_extract-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Comparison to other vegetable oils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economic history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Extraction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Use in food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonfood_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonfood_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nonfood uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonfood_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamb%C4%B1q_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Pambıq yağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pambıq yağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Баваўняны алей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Баваўняны алей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oli_de_llavors_de_cot%C3%B3" title="Oli de llavors de cotó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oli de llavors de cotó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumwollsamen%C3%B6l" title="Baumwollsamenöl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baumwollsamenöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_algod%C3%B3n" title="Aceite de algodón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aceite de algodón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="روغن پنبه‌دانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روغن پنبه‌دانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_de_coton" title="Huile de coton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huile de coton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceite_de_algod%C3%B3n" title="Aceite de algodón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aceite de algodón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%8B%A4%EC%9C%A0" title="면실유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="면실유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_biji_kapas" title="Minyak biji kapas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak biji kapas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olio_di_semi_di_cotone" title="Olio di semi di cotone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olio di semi di cotone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94" title="שמן כותנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמן כותנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಹತ್ತಿಬೀಜದ ಎಣ್ಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹತ್ತಿಬೀಜದ ಎಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Масло од памучно семе – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масло од памучно семе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%BF%E5%AE%9F%E6%B2%B9" title="綿実油 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="綿実油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxta_moyi" title="Paxta moyi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paxta moyi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olej_bawe%C5%82niany" title="Olej bawełniany – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olej bawełniany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93leo_de_algod%C3%A3o" title="Óleo de algodão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óleo de algodão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Хлопчатниковое масло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлопчатниковое масло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuvillansiemen%C3%B6ljy" title="Puuvillansiemenöljy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuvillansiemenöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomullsfr%C3%B6olja" title="Bomullsfröolja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bomullsfröolja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="పత్తిగింజల నూనె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పత్తిగింజల నూనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="น้ำมันเมล็ดฝ้าย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำมันเมล็ดฝ้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamuk_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Pamuk yağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pamuk yağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бавовняна олія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бавовняна олія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E7%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="棉籽油 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="棉籽油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q811663#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Cottonseed oil</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_3443_Cottonseed_Oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cottonseed_Oil" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Cottonseed Oil">Cookbook: Cottonseed Oil</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cottonseed_oil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cottonseed oil">Media: Cottonseed oil</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cooking oil</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg/160px-Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg/240px-Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg/320px-Cotton_seeds_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Cotton seeds</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cottonseed oil</b> is <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">cooking oil</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeds">seeds</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cotton_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton plant">cotton plants</a> of various species, mainly <i><a href="/wiki/Gossypium_hirsutum" title="Gossypium hirsutum">Gossypium hirsutum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gossypium_herbaceum" title="Gossypium herbaceum">Gossypium herbaceum</a></i>, that are grown for cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cottonseed" title="Cottonseed">Cotton seed</a> has a similar structure to other <a href="/wiki/Oilseeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseeds">oilseeds</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">sunflower seed</a>, having an oil-bearing <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">kernel</a> surrounded by a hard outer hull; in processing, the oil is extracted from the kernel. Cottonseed oil is used for salad oil, <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">salad dressing</a>, and similar products because of its flavor stability.<sup id="cite_ref-cottonseed.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottonseed.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg/220px-Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg/330px-Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg/440px-Mississippi_Cottonseed_Oil_Company_seed_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Mississippi Cottonseed Oil Co. seed house, <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Its fatty acid profile generally consists of 70% unsaturated fatty acids (18% monounsaturated, and 52% polyunsaturated), 26% saturated fatty acids.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it is fully <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenation" title="Hydrogenation">hydrogenated</a>, its profile is 94% saturated fat and 2% unsaturated fatty acids (1.5% monounsaturated, and 0.5% polyunsaturated).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the National Cottonseed Products Association, cottonseed oil does not need to be hydrogenated as much as other polyunsaturated oils to achieve similar results.<sup id="cite_ref-cottonseed.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottonseed.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undesireable_components_in_raw_extract">Undesireable components in raw extract</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Undesireable components in raw extract"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gossypol" title="Gossypol">Gossypol</a> is a toxic, yellow, polyphenolic compound produced by cotton and other members of the order <a href="/wiki/Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This naturally occurring colored compound is found in tiny glands in the seed, leaf, stem, tap root bark, and root of the cotton plant. The adaptive function of the compound facilitates natural <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insect</a> resistance. Raw extracts that have not undergone post processing, such as hydrogenation, will also contain the undesirable component <a href="/wiki/Cyclopropene_acid#Cyclopropene_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclopropene acid"> cyclopropene fatty acid</a>, but purportedly are <i>mostly</i> removed during refining, particularly deodorization and also hydrogenation. As such, processed/food-grade cottonseed oils are not considered to present a health hazard from cyclopropene fatty acids.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The three key steps of <a href="/wiki/Refining" title="Refining">refining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bleaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleaching">bleaching</a>, and deodorization in producing finished oil act to eliminate the gossypol level. <a href="/wiki/Ferric_chloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferric chloride">Ferric chloride</a> is often used to decolorize cotton seed oil.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_to_other_vegetable_oils">Comparison to other vegetable oils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparison to other vegetable oils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption align="center">Properties of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a><sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />The nutritional values are expressed as percent (%) by mass of total fat. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2">Type</th> <th rowspan="2">Processing<br />treatment<sup id="cite_ref-The_margarine_shall_be_made_from_one_or_more_of_the_following_vegetable_oils;_canola,_safflower,_sunflower,_corn,_soybean,_or_peanut_oil._9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_margarine_shall_be_made_from_one_or_more_of_the_following_vegetable_oils;_canola,_safflower,_sunflower,_corn,_soybean,_or_peanut_oil.-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturated fatty acids">Saturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Monounsaturated fatty acids">Monounsaturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fatty_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyunsaturated fatty acids">Polyunsaturated</a><br />fatty acids</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">Smoke point</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">Oleic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−9)</th> <th>Total<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_ndbcolumn_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_ndbcolumn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Linolenic acid">α-Linolenic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−3)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">Linoleic</a><br />acid<br />(ω−6)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_ratio_in_food" title="Fatty acid ratio in food">ω−6:3<br />ratio</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>11.6</td> <td>70.6</td> <td>52–66<br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>13.5</td> <td>1</td> <td>12.5</td> <td>12.5:1</td> <td>250 °C (482 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut#Oil" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>24.8</td> <td>32.7</td> <td>31.3</td> <td>42.0</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>41.9</td> <td>419:1</td> <td>208 °C (406 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Canola</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.4</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>61.8</td> <td>28.1</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>18.6</td> <td>2:1</td> <td>204 °C (400 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>82.5</td> <td>6.3</td> <td>6</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>0.019</td> <td>1.68</td> <td>88:1</td> <td>175 °C (347 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>12.9</td> <td>27.6</td> <td>27.3</td> <td>54.7</td> <td>1</td> <td>58</td> <td>58:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffff66"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cottonseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>25.9</td> <td>17.8</td> <td>19</td> <td>51.9</td> <td>1</td> <td>54</td> <td>54:1</td> <td>216 °C (420 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffff66"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cottonseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">hydrogenated</a></td> <td>93.6</td> <td>1.5</td> <td></td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>1.5:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Flaxseed/linseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>9.0</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>18</td> <td>67.8</td> <td>53</td> <td>13</td> <td>0.2:1</td> <td>107 °C (225 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed</a></td> <td> </td> <td>10.4</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>14.3  </td> <td>74.9</td> <td>0.15</td> <td>74.7</td> <td>very high</td> <td>216 °C (421 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-nmi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp seed</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>82.0</td> <td>22.0</td> <td>54.0</td> <td>2.5:1</td> <td>166 °C (330 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">High-oleic safflower oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>7.5</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>75.2</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>0</td> <td>12.8</td> <td>very high</td> <td>212 °C (414 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive</a> (extra virgin)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>13.8</td> <td>73.0</td> <td>71.3</td> <td>10.5</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>9.8</td> <td>14:1</td> <td>193 °C (380 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>49.3</td> <td>37.0</td> <td>40</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>45.5:1</td> <td>235 °C (455 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>hydrogenated</td> <td>88.2</td> <td>5.7</td> <td></td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>16.2</td> <td>57.1</td> <td>55.4</td> <td>19.9</td> <td>0.318</td> <td>19.6</td> <td>61.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></td> <td></td> <td>25</td> <td><i>38.4</i></td> <td>38.4</td> <td><i>36.6</i></td> <td>2.2</td> <td>34.4<sup id="cite_ref-baileys_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baileys-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>15.6:1</td> <td>232 °C (450 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>14.2</td> <td>39.7</td> <td>39.3</td> <td>41.7</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>41.3</td> <td>138:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>15.6</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.6</td> <td>57.7</td> <td>7</td> <td>51</td> <td>7.3:1</td> <td>238 °C (460 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenated_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogenated fat">partially hydrogenated</a></td> <td>14.9</td> <td>43.0</td> <td>42.5</td> <td>37.6</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>34.9</td> <td>13.4:1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td></td> <td>8.99</td> <td>63.4</td> <td>62.9</td> <td>20.7</td> <td>0.16</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>128:1</td> <td>227 °C (440 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-post_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>unrefined</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>22.2</td> <td>63.3</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>52.9</td> <td>5:1</td> <td>160 °C (320 °F)<sup id="cite_ref-BoH_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoH-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_properties">Physical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Physical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once processed, cottonseed oil has a mild taste and appears generally clear with a light golden color, the amount of color depending on the amount of <a href="/wiki/Refining" title="Refining">refining</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a relatively high <a href="/wiki/Smoke_point" title="Smoke point">smoke point</a> as a frying medium. Density ranges from 0.917 to 0.933 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (7.65 to 7.79 lb/US gal).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other <a href="/wiki/Long-chain_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-chain fatty acid">long-chain fatty acid</a> oils, cottonseed oil has a smoke point of about 450 °F (232 °C),<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is high in <a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">tocopherols</a>, which also contribute its stability, giving products that contain it a long <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>, hence manufacturers' proclivity to use it in packaged goods. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:14em; text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"> <caption>Production of cottonseed oil <br />2019<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ddf;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf;">Millions of <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>0.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>0.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>0.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>0.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>World</b></td> <td><b>4.45</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Louisiana_-_Shreveport_-_NARA_-_23940455_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3582" data-file-height="2944" /></a><figcaption>A cotton oil mill in <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2019, world production of cottonseed oil was 4.45 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by China and India with 56% combined of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-faostat_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faostat-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_history">Economic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg/200px-12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="491" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg/300px-12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg/400px-12-fairbank-cottolene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1902" /></a><figcaption>Marketed under a variety of brand names, cottonseed oil shortening emerged as the leading substitute for lard late in the 19th century. <small>(1912 ad)</small></figcaption></figure> <p>The by-product of cotton processing, cottonseed was considered virtually worthless before the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While cotton production expanded throughout the 17th, 18th, and mid-19th centuries, a largely worthless stock of cottonseed grew. Although some of the seed was used for planting, fertilizer, and animal feed, the majority was left to rot or was illegally dumped into rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1820s and 1830s Europe experienced fats and oils shortages due to rapid population expansion during the Industrial Revolution and the after-effects of the British blockade during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased demand for fats and oils, coupled with a decreasing supply caused prices to rise sharply. Consequently, many Europeans could not afford to buy the fats and oils they had used for cooking and for lighting.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many American entrepreneurs tried to take advantage of the increasing European demand for oils and America's increasingly large supply of cottonseed by crushing the seed for oil. But separating the seed hull from the seed meat proved difficult and most of these ventures failed within a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem was resolved in 1857, when William Fee patented a huller, which effectively separated the tough hulls from the meats of cottonseed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this new invention, cottonseed oil began to be used for illumination purposes in lamps to supplement increasingly expensive <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But by 1859, this use came to end as the petroleum industry emerged and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (and the resulting end of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a>) disrupted the cotton industry.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cottonseed oil then began to be used illegally to fortify animal fats and lards.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, meat packers secretly added cottonseed oil to the pure fats, but this practice was uncovered in 1884. <a href="/wiki/Armour_and_Company" title="Armour and Company">Armour and Company</a>, an American meatpacking and food processing company, sought to corner the lard market and realized that it had purchased more lard than the existing hog population could have produced.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A congressional investigation followed, and legislation was passed that required products fortified with cottonseed oil to be labeled as <i>lard compound</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, cottonseed oil was often blended with olive oil. Once the practice was exposed, many countries put import tariffs on American olive oil and Italy banned the product completely in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of these regulatory schemes depressed cottonseed oil sales and exports, once again creating an oversupply of cottonseed oil, which decreased its value.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was cottonseed's depressed value that led a newly formed <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> to utilize its oil.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> caused the two brothers-in-law to merge their candlestick and soap manufacturing businesses in an effort to minimize costs and weather the bear market.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Looking for a replacement for expensive animal fats in production, the brothers finally settled on cottonseed oil. Procter & Gamble cornered the cottonseed oil market to circumvent the meat packer's monopoly on the price. But as electricity emerged, the demand for candles decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Procter and Gamble then found an edible use for cottonseed oil. Through patented technology, the brothers were able to hydrogenate cottonseed oil and develop a substance that closely resembled lard.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, Procter & Gamble launched an aggressive marketing campaign to publicize its new product, <a href="/wiki/Crisco" title="Crisco">Crisco</a>, a vegetable shortening that could be used in place of lard.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crisco placed ads in major newspapers advertising that the product was "easier on digestion ... a healthier alternative to cooking with animal fats ... and more economical than butter."<sup id="cite_ref-Crisco_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crisco-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also gave away free cookbooks, with every recipe calling for Crisco. By the 1920s the company developed cookbooks for specific ethnicities in their native tongues.<sup id="cite_ref-Crisco_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crisco-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Crisco started airing radio cooking programs. Similarly, in 1899 David Wesson, a food chemist, developed deodorized cottonseed oil, <a href="/wiki/Wesson_cooking_oil" title="Wesson cooking oil">Wesson cooking oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rise_42-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rise-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wesson Oil also was marketed heavily and became quite popular too. </p><p>Over the next 30 years cottonseed oil became the predominant cooking oil in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crisco and Wesson oil became direct substitutes for lard and other more expensive oils in baking, frying, sautéing, and salad dressings. By World War Two, cottonseed oil shortages forced the utilization of another direct substitute, soybean oil.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1944, soybean oil production exceeded cottonseed oil production due to cottonseed shortages and soybean oil costs falling below that of cottonseed oil.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1950, soybean oil replaced cottonseed oil in the use of shortenings like Crisco due to soybeans' comparatively low price. Prices for cottonseed were also increased by the replacement of cotton acreage by corn and soybeans, a trend fueled in large part by the boom in demand for corn syrup and ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_41-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cottonseed oil and production continued to decline throughout the mid- and late 20th century. </p><p>In the mid- to late 2000s, the consumer trend of avoiding trans fats, and mandatory labeling of trans fats in some jurisdictions, sparked an increase in the consumption of cottonseed oil,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some health experts<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup> and public health agencies<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recommending it as a healthy oil. Crisco and other producers have been able to reformulate cottonseed oil so it contains little to no trans fats.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, some health experts claim that cottonseed oil's high ratio of polyunsaturated fats to monounsaturated fats and processed nature make it unhealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cottonseed oil in Canada must be pressed from the seed of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gossypium" title="Gossypium">Gossypium</a></i> plant. As a single-source vegetable oil, 100% cottonseed oil must appear as "cottonseed oil" on the labels of any products sold.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cottonseed oil sold as an edible product must be processed and refined to eliminate specific components that could present as a food safety hazard, in particular <a href="/wiki/Gossypol" title="Gossypol">gossypol</a>, which can act as a toxin to humans, and can lead to infertility in men.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraction">Extraction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Extraction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png/321px-Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png" decoding="async" width="321" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png/482px-Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Cottonseed_Oil_Processing_Graphic.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>Cottonseed oil processing steps</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil#Extraction_and_refinement" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil § Extraction and refinement</a></div> <p>Cottonseed oil, like other <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oils</a>, is extracted from the seed of the plant, through either mechanical processes such as crushing or pressing,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by chemical processes such as solvent extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cottonseed oil is most commonly extracted commercially via solvent extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_food">Use in food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Use in food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cottonseed oil has traditionally been used in foods such as <a href="/wiki/Potato_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Potato chips">potato chips</a> and was for many years a primary ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Crisco" title="Crisco">Crisco</a>, the shortening product. The current formulation of Crisco is primarily made from soybean oil and <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significantly less expensive than <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canola_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola oil">canola oil</a>, cottonseed oil was a popular frying oil for the restaurant and snack-food manufacturing industries.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cottonseed oil was used in the production of edible food products, such as cooking oils, salad oils, margarines and shortenings. In the United States, cottonseed oil was used in <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>'s Olestra and Olein products as a type of non-digestible fat substitutes used to create creamy textures and rich flavors in fried foods.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FDA released its final determination that Partially <a href="/wiki/Fat_hydrogenation" title="Fat hydrogenation">Hydrogenated Oils</a> (PHOs), which include partially hydrogenated cottonseed oil, are not Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) in 2015. However, to allow for time for reformulation, the agency extended the compliance date to stop manufacturing foods with these specific, limited petitioned uses of PHOs until June 18, 2019. The final compliance date to allow manufacturers time to reformulate foods and ensure an orderly transition in the marketplace was established as January 1, 2021. Then, on December 22, 2023, the FDA completed final administrative actions on the revocation of uses of PHOs in food. So, it can be said that the GRAS status of cottonseed oil, specifically in its partially hydrogenated form, was effectively lost by January 1, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nonfood_uses">Nonfood uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nonfood uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For agricultural applications, cottonseed oil generally has the greatest insecticide power among all the vegetable oils. It is traditionally used because of its effectiveness in hard to treat pest problems in fruit trees. Cottonseed oil can also be mixed with other insecticides to provide a broader spectrum and increased control on pests. Spider mites, whiteflies and young stages of scales are common pests that can be controlled using cottonseed oil.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an agricultural context, the toxicity of untreated cottonseed oil may be considered beneficial: Oils, including vegetable oils, have been used for centuries to control insect and mite pests.<sup id="cite_ref-CSU_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSU-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, cottonseed oil has been used to protect the trunks of apple trees from the <a href="/wiki/Synanthedon_myopaeformis" title="Synanthedon myopaeformis">apple clearwing moth</a>, which burrows into the trees' bark, potentially killing them.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This oil has been generally considered the most insecticidal of vegetable oils.<sup id="cite_ref-CSU_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSU-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Gibson_Oil_Works_Mill_Building" title="Port Gibson Oil Works Mill Building">Port Gibson Oil Works Mill Building</a>: Historic cottonseed oil plant</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cottonseed_oil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021084716/http://cotton.tamu.edu/cottoncountry.htm">"Texas is Cotton Country"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cotton.tamu.edu/cottoncountry.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pork_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork fat">Pork fats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatback" title="Fatback">Fatback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lardo" title="Lardo">Lardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salo_(food)" title="Salo (food)">Salo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">Lard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardon" title="Lardon">Lardon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mutton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutton">Mutton</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dripping" title="Dripping">Dripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">Suet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_fat" title="Tail fat">Tail fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">Tallow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">Butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">Ghee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manteiga-da-terra" title="Manteiga-da-terra">Manteiga-da-terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niter_kibbeh" title="Niter kibbeh">Niter kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfa_butter" title="Urfa butter">Urfa butter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a> fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_fat" title="Chicken fat">Chicken fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Duck fat">Duck fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Goose fat">Goose fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other animal fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blubber#Human_influences" title="Blubber">Blubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktuk" title="Muktuk">Muktuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable fats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_tallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Borneo tallow">Borneo tallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_butter" title="Cocoa butter">Cocoa butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">Coconut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_butter" class="mw-redirect" title="Mango butter">Mango butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">Margarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_kernel_oil" title="Palm kernel oil">Palm kernel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_butter" title="Shea butter">Shea butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_shortening" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable shortening">Vegetable shortening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Marine oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_oil" title="Krill oil">Krill oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_oil" title="Seaweed oil">Seaweed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_liver_oil" title="Shark liver oil">Shark liver oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable <br /> oils</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_oils" title="List of vegetable oils">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stone_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone fruit">Fruit</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocado_oil" title="Avocado oil">Avocado oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a> oils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond oil">Almond oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argan_oil" title="Argan oil">Argan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew oil">Cashew oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazelnut oil">Hazelnut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_oil" title="Macadamia oil">Macadamia oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marula_oil" title="Marula oil">Marula oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo#Traditional_uses" title="Mongongo">Mongongo nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_oil" title="Pecan oil">Pecan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut_oil" title="Pine nut oil">Pine nut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio_oil" title="Pistachio oil">Pistachio oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_oil" title="Walnut oil">Walnut oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seed_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed oil">Seed oils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambadi_seed_oil" title="Ambadi seed oil">Ambadi seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_seed_oil" title="Apple seed oil">Apple seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_oil" title="Corn oil">Corn oil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cottonseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_seed_oil" title="Grape seed oil">Grape seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Hemp oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linseed_oil" title="Linseed oil">Linseed (flaxseed) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_oil" title="Peanut oil">Peanut oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequi_oil" title="Pequi oil">Pequi oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppyseed_oil" title="Poppyseed oil">Poppyseed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_seed_oil" title="Pumpkin seed oil">Pumpkin seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed_oil" title="Rapeseed oil">Rapeseed (canola) oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_bran_oil" title="Rice bran oil">Rice bran oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safflower_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Safflower oil">Safflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_oil" title="Sunflower oil">Sunflower oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_seed_oil" title="Tea seed oil">Tea seed oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_seed_oil" title="Watermelon seed oil">Watermelon seed oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">Cooking oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Types_of_plant_oils" title="Types of plant oils">Plant oil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">Essential oil</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811663#identifiers" title="Edit this 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