CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shreveport, Louisiana - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"aa3092a1-226e-4309-9eaf-3b756a42dd61","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shreveport,_Louisiana","wgTitle":"Shreveport, Louisiana","wgCurRevisionId":1258501858,"wgRevisionId":1258501858,"wgArticleId":150473,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2016","Articles with dead external links from June 2016","Use mdy dates from September 2015", "Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Shreveport, Louisiana","Former state capitals in the United States","Cities in Louisiana","Cities in the Ark-La-Tex","Cities in Shreveport – Bossier City metropolitan area","Parish seats in Louisiana","Cities in Bossier Parish, Louisiana","Cities in Caddo Parish, Louisiana","Louisiana African American Heritage Trail","Populated places established in 1836","1836 establishments in Louisiana","Cities in North Louisiana"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shreveport,_Louisiana","wgRelevantArticleId":150473,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":32.514722222222225,"lon":-93.74722222222222},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q80517","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/1200px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="899"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/800px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="599"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/640px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shreveport, Louisiana - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shreveport_Louisiana rootpage-Shreveport_Louisiana skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_settlers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Early settlers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War_and_Reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War_and_Reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Civil War and Reconstruction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War_and_Reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 20th century to present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Film industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mardi_Gras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mardi_Gras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Mardi Gras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mardi_Gras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Colleges and universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways_and_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways_and_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.1 Highways and roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways_and_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.3 Railroads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_installations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_installations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Military installations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_installations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Shreveport, Louisiana</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scr%C4%93feport" title="Scrēfeport – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Scrēfeport" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="شريفبورت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شريفبورت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Erivport" title="Şrivport – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şrivport" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="شریوپورت، لوئیزیانا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شریوپورت، لوئیزیانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F,_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="শ্রিভপোর্ট, লুইজিয়ানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্রিভপোর্ট, লুইজিয়ানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шрыўпарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шрыўпарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шрыўпарт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шрыўпарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Louisiana)" title="Shreveport (Louisiana) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Shreveport (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halch%C3%AD%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_N%C3%ADl%C3%ADn%C3%AD_(kin_haal%CA%BC%C3%A1)" title="Halchíídę́ę́ʼ Nílíní (kin haalʼá) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Halchíídę́ę́ʼ Nílíní (kin haalʼá)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Luiziano)" title="Shreveport (Luiziano) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Shreveport (Luiziano)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Louisiana)" title="Shreveport (Louisiana) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shreveport (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="شریوپورت (لوئیزیانا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شریوپورت (لوئیزیانا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D9%84%DB%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="شريوپؤرت (لۊئيزيانا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="شريوپؤرت (لۊئيزيانا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%ED%8F%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="슈리브포트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈리브포트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Շրիվպորտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շրիվպորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Louisiana)" title="Shreveport (Louisiana) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Shreveport (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="שריבפורט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שריבפורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Lwizyana" title="Shreveport, Lwizyana – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Shreveport, Lwizyana" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Louisiana)" title="Shreveport (Louisiana) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Shreveport (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0r%C4%ABvporta" title="Šrīvporta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šrīvporta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0rivportas" title="Šrivportas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šrivportas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="श्रीव्हपोर्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="श्रीव्हपोर्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="شريفبورت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شريفبورت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_(%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="شریوپورت (لوئیزیانا) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شریوپورت (لوئیزیانا)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88_(%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E5%B7%9E)" title="シュリーブポート (ルイジアナ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シュリーブポート (ルイジアナ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Louisiana)" title="Shreveport (Louisiana) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shreveport (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport_(Luisian-a)" title="Shreveport (Luisian-a) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Shreveport (Luisian-a)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="श्रीवपोर्ट – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="श्रीवपोर्ट" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A4%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="شریڤپۆرت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شریڤپۆرت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Шривпорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шривпорт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="شریوپورٹ، لوزیانا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شریوپورٹ، لوزیانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Shreveport" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shreveport, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%EF%BC%88%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="什里夫波特（路易斯安那州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="什里夫波特（路易斯安那州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9_(%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E)" title="什里夫波特 (路易斯安那州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="什里夫波特 (路易斯安那州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0rivport" title="Šrivport – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Šrivport" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Shreveport,_Louisiana" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Shreveport,_Louisiana" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&oldid=1258501858" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&id=1258501858&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShreveport%2C_Louisiana">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShreveport%2C_Louisiana">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shreveport,_Louisiana" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shreveport" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80517" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shreveport,_Louisiana&params=32_30_53_N_93_44_50_W_region:US-LA_type:city(201573)">32°30′53″N 93°44′50″W / 32.51472°N 93.74722°W / 32.51472; -93.74722</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Louisiana, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shreveport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Louisiana" title="List of municipalities in Louisiana">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:208px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_LA,_USA_-_panoramio_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/278px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/417px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/556px-Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3646" data-file-height="2732" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Downtown</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_058_(Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg/137px-Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg/206px-Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg/274px-Shreveport_September_2015_058_%28Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Holy Trinity Catholic Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_105_(Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg/137px-Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg/206px-Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg/274px-Shreveport_September_2015_105_%28Shreveport_Municipal_Auditorium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Municipal_Memorial_Auditorium" title="Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium">Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_051_(Shreveport_Convention_Center).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/137px-Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/206px-Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/274px-Shreveport_September_2015_051_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Shreveport Convention Center</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_113_(Caddo_Parish_Courthouse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/137px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/206px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/274px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Caddo Parish Courthouse</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Shreveport"><img alt="Flag of Shreveport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/110px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/165px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/220px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Shreveport"><img alt="Official seal of Shreveport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/90px-Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/135px-Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/180px-Seal_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Shreveport"><img alt="Coat of arms of Shreveport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/158px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="894" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container center"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="32.508056" data-lon="-93.762778" data-overlays="["_6fd32af1fcf69f6a04263f58bfe728bfea2c283d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/32.508056/-93.762778/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.508056,-93.762778,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_6fd32af1fcf69f6a04263f58bfe728bfea2c283d" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.508056,-93.762778,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_6fd32af1fcf69f6a04263f58bfe728bfea2c283d 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Shreveport</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="6" data-lat="31" data-lon="-92" data-overlays="["_d526344f58b1f0aaa11d35810eb0299bd4c67449"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/31/-92/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,31,-92,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_d526344f58b1f0aaa11d35810eb0299bd4c67449" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,31,-92,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_d526344f58b1f0aaa11d35810eb0299bd4c67449 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show Louisiana</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39.828175" data-lon="-98.5795" data-overlays="["_90883ed2aa3113b20daf4c8daf93478a8dc66a94"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/3/39.828175/-98.5795/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_90883ed2aa3113b20daf4c8daf93478a8dc66a94" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39.828175,-98.5795,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Shreveport%2C_Louisiana&revid=1258501858&groups=_90883ed2aa3113b20daf4c8daf93478a8dc66a94 2x" alt="Map" /></a>Show the United States</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Shreveport</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shreveport,_Louisiana&params=32_30_53_N_93_44_50_W_region:US-LA_type:city(201573)">32°30′53″N 93°44′50″W / 32.51472°N 93.74722°W / 32.51472; -93.74722</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_in_Louisiana" title="List of parishes in Louisiana">Parishes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1836 (188 years ago) (1836)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_incorporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal incorporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 20, 1839 (185 years ago) (1839-03-20)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller_Shreve" title="Henry Miller Shreve">Henry Miller Shreve</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="List of mayors of Shreveport, Louisiana">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Arceneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Arceneaux (page does not exist)">Tom Arceneaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="City Council">City Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chair: James Green (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist A: Tabitha Taylor (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist B: Gary Brooks (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist C: Jim Taliaferro (R)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist D: Grayson Boucher (R)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist E: Alan Jackson Jr (R)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist F: James E. Green (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dist G: Ursula Bowman (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Louisiana" title="List of municipalities in Louisiana">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">123.84 sq mi (320.74 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">108.14 sq mi (280.10 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">15.69 sq mi (40.65 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,698 sq mi (6,987.8 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">154 to 253 ft (46 to 77.1 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Louisiana" title="List of municipalities in Louisiana">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">201,573</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana#Communities" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">1st</a> in Caddo Parish <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Louisiana" title="List of municipalities in Louisiana">3rd</a> in Louisiana <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">137th</a> in United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,734.64/sq mi (669.75/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">288,052 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">140th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-urban_area-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,592.8/sq mi (615.0/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">547,406 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">140th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shreveporter<a href="#cite_note-ProperDemonymShreveport-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (CDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">71101-71109, 71115-71166</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_318" title="Area code 318">318</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22-70000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveportla.gov">shreveportla.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Shreveport (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈʃriːvpɔːrt/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SHREEV-port</a>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Louisiana" title="List of municipalities in Louisiana">third-most populous city</a> in Louisiana after <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a>. The bulk of Shreveport is in <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo Parish</a>, of which it is the parish seat.<a href="#cite_note-GR6-4">[4]</a> It extends along the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a> into neighboring <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier Parish</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> tabulation for the city's population was 201,573,<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5">[5]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport%E2%80%93Bossier_City_metropolitan_area" title="Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area">Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area</a> had a population of 393,406.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Shreveport was founded in 1836 by the Shreve Town Company, a corporation established to develop a town at the juncture of the newly navigable Red River and the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Trail" title="Texas Trail">Texas Trail</a>, an overland route into the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It grew throughout the 20th century and, after the discovery of oil in Louisiana, became a national center for the oil industry. <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Louisiana" title="Standard Oil of Louisiana">Standard Oil of Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Gas_Corporation" title="United Gas Corporation">United Gas Corporation</a> were headquartered in the city until the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. After the loss of jobs in the oil industry, the closure of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>' <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Operations" title="Shreveport Operations">Shreveport Operations</a>, and other economic problems, it struggled with a declining population, poverty, drugs, and violent crime.<a href="#cite_note-TIM-8">[8]</a> However, the city continues in its efforts to revitalize its infrastructure,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> revive the economy through diversification,<a href="#cite_note-:3-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a> and lower crime.<a href="#cite_note-:12-15">[15]</a> Despite these efforts, the city witnessed the largest number of homicides in its recorded history in 2021, eclipsing the previous record set in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Shreveport is the educational, commercial and cultural center of the <a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark-La-Tex</a> region, where <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, Louisiana, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> meet. It is the location of <a href="/wiki/Centenary_College_of_Louisiana" title="Centenary College of Louisiana">Centenary College of Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport" title="Louisiana State University Shreveport">Louisiana State University Shreveport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_University" title="Louisiana Tech University">Louisiana Tech University Shreveport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_University_at_Shreveport" title="Southern University at Shreveport">Southern University at Shreveport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Baptist_University" title="Louisiana Baptist University">Louisiana Baptist University</a>. It forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Louisiana" title="Interstate 20 in Louisiana">I-20</a> Cyber Corridor linking Shreveport to <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-20">[20]</a> Companies with significant operations or headquarters in Shreveport are <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regions_Financial_Corporation" title="Regions Financial Corporation">Regions Financial Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_Hotel_and_Gambling_Hall,_Shreveport" title="Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, Shreveport">Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Mobility" title="AT&T Mobility">AT&T Mobility</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power#Southwestern_Electric_Power_Company" title="American Electric Power">SWEPCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/UOP_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="UOP LLC">UOP LLC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Specialty_Products_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Calumet Specialty Products Partners">Calumet Specialty Products Partners</a>, and <a href="/wiki/APS_Payroll" title="APS Payroll">APS Payroll</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="History of Shreveport, Louisiana">History of Shreveport, Louisiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Timeline of Shreveport, Louisiana">Timeline of Shreveport, Louisiana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlers">Early settlers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early settlers">edit</a>]</div> Shreveport was established to create a town at the meeting point of the Brown Bricks and the Texas Trail. The Red River was made navigable by Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller_Shreve" title="Henry Miller Shreve">Henry Miller Shreve</a>, who led the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> efforts to clear the Red River. A 180-mile-long (290 km) natural log jam, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Raft" title="Great Raft">Great Raft</a>, had previously obstructed passage to shipping. Shreve used a specially modified <a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">riverboat</a>, the Heliopolis, to remove the log jam. The company and the village of Shreve Town were named in Shreve's honor.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Shreve Town was originally contained within the boundaries of a piece of land sold to the company in 1835 by the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Caddo Indians">Caddo Indians</a>. In 1838 <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Caddo Parish">Caddo Parish</a> was created from the large <a href="/wiki/Natchitoches_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Natchitoches Parish">Natchitoches Parish</a>, and Shreve Town became its parish seat. On March 20, 1839, the town was incorporated as Shreveport. Originally, the town consisted of 64 city blocks, created by eight streets running west from the Red River and eight streets running south from Cross Bayou, one of its tributaries. Shreveport soon became a center of <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a> commerce, carrying mostly cotton and agricultural crops from the plantations of Caddo Parish. Shreveport also had a <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slave</a> market, though slave trading was not as widespread as in other parts of the state. Steamboats plied the Red River, and <a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">stevedores</a> loaded and unloaded cargo. By 1860, Shreveport had a population of 2,200 free people and 1,300 slaves within the city limits. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_and_Reconstruction">Civil War and Reconstruction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Civil War and Reconstruction">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Shreveport was the capital of Louisiana from 1863 to 1865, having succeeded <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opelousas,_Louisiana" title="Opelousas, Louisiana">Opelousas</a> after each fell under <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> control. The city was a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> stronghold throughout the war and was the site of the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_Department" title="Trans-Mississippi Department">Trans-Mississippi Department</a> of the Confederate Army. Fort Albert Sidney Johnston was built on a ridge northwest of the city. Because of limited development in that area, the site is relatively undisturbed in the 21st century. Isolated from events in the east, the Civil War continued in the Trans-Mississippi theater for several weeks after <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s surrender in April 1865, and the Trans-Mississippi was the last Confederate command to surrender, on May 26, 1865. "The period May 13–21, 1865, was filled with great uncertainly after soldiers learned of the surrenders of Lee and Johnston, the Good Friday assassination of President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and the rapid departure of their own generals."<a href="#cite_note-prime-23">[23]</a> In the confusion there was a breakdown of military discipline and rioting by soldiers. They destroyed buildings containing service records, a loss that later made it difficult for many to gain Confederate pensions from state governments.<a href="#cite_note-prime-23">[23]</a> The Red River, opened by Shreve in the 1830s, remained navigable throughout the Civil War. But seasonal water levels got so low at one point that Union <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Dixon_Porter" title="David Dixon Porter">David Dixon Porter</a> was trapped with his gunboats north of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria</a>. His engineers quickly constructed a temporary dam to raise the water level and free his fleet. In 1873, Shreveport lost 759 citizens in an 80-day period to a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemic, with over 400 additional victims eventually succumbing. The total death toll from August through November was approximately 1,200.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Five Roman Catholic priests in the city and two religious sisters died while caring for yellow fever victims in the city.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_to_present">20th century to present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century to present">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Cemetery_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Greenwood Cemetery (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Greenwood Cemetery</a> was established in 1893. A number of local African American musicians became nationally famous. By the 1910s, <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie William Ledbetter</a>—also known as "Lead Belly", a <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> singer and guitarist—was performing for Shreveport audiences in St. Paul's Bottoms, the notable <a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">red-light district</a> of Shreveport that operated legally from 1903 to 1917. Ledbetter began to develop his own style of music after exposure to a variety of musical influences on Fannin Street, a row of saloons, <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a>, and dance halls in the Bottoms. Bluesmen <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Thomas_(musician)" title="Jesse Thomas (musician)">Jesse Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Alexander_(blues_musician)" title="Dave Alexander (blues musician)">Dave Alexander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Wayne_Shepherd" title="Kenny Wayne Shepherd">Kenny Wayne Shepherd</a>, and the early <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> composers Bill Wray and Willian Christopher O'Hare were all from Shreveport. Lead Belly achieved international fame. By 1914, neglect and lack of use, due to diversion of freight traffic to railroad lines, resulted in the Red River becoming unnavigable. In projects accomplished over decades, in 1994, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> restored navigability by completion of a series of federally funded lock-and-dam structures and a navigation channel. As early as 1924, the citizens of Shreveport became interested in hosting a military flying field. In 1926, Shreveport citizens learned that the 3rd Attack Wing stationed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Crockett" title="Fort Crockett">Fort Crockett</a>, Texas, would be enlarged by 500 percent and would require at least 20,000 acres (81 km2) to support aerial gunnery and a bombing range. The efforts to procure the government's commitment to build the facility in the Greater Shreveport metropolitan area were spearheaded by a committee co-chaired by local civic leaders Andrew Querbes and <a href="/wiki/John_D._Ewing" title="John D. Ewing">John D. Ewing</a>, beginning in 1927. It took a great deal of correspondence between the interested parties and the original proposal was rejected. However, in February 1928, a young crop duster, an Air Corps captain named Harold Ross Harris, was hired to fly over the local area in order to find a suitable site for the airfield. Captain Harris selected what he felt was an adequate location for a military airfield. It was a sprawling section of cotton plantation near Bossier City. The site selection committee, representing the wealthiest taxpayers in the city, unanimously agreed upon the Barksdale Field location. A delegation of citizens traveled to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to personally present the advantages of the proposed site to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a>. Following the return of this delegation, a special army board visited Shreveport and reported the location met all requirements of the Air Corps. The site was selected December 5, 1928, as the location of the airfield. The land in Bossier Parish on which the airfield was built was unincorporated land near Bossier City that was annexed by the city of Shreveport once the site had been selected among 80 candidates. The real estate was purchased from over 800 property owners via a $1,500,000 <a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">municipal bond</a> issue approved by Shreveport voters in 1929 in fulfillment of the pledge that the citizens of Shreveport made to the U.S. government. The last of these bonds matured on December 31, 1959. After acquisition, Shreveport then donated the land to the federal government per their agreement, while the federal government assumed all the costs of building construction and equipment installation. Shreveport had originally proposed a site adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Cross_Lake_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Cross Lake (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Cross Lake</a>, but the United States Department of War deemed this location inappropriate due to the lack of suitable terrain for the facility's future expansion. Subsequent to the establishment of the military installation, Bossier City grew and expanded southward and eastward, eventually enveloping the area surrounding the base. Technically, <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale AFB</a> is neither in Bossier City nor Shreveport but, like all military bases, is an autonomous community with its own infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In September, 1941, the capture of the city of Shreveport was the objective of a U.S. Army war game, or <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">military exercise</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a>. The field exercise's mission was accomplished largely due to General <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>, who commanded the mock "Blue" army's 2nd Armored Division.<a href="#cite_note-The_Louisiana_Maneuvers,_The_National_WWII_Museum_New_Orleans-28">[28]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG/182px-Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG" decoding="async" width="182" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG/272px-Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG/363px-Elvis_in_Louisiana_Hayride.JPG 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis</a> in the Louisiana Hayride</figcaption></figure> Shreveport was home to the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Hayride" title="Louisiana Hayride">Louisiana Hayride</a> radio program, broadcast weekly from the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Municipal_Memorial_Auditorium" title="Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium">Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium</a>. During its heyday from 1948 to 1960, this program stimulated the careers of some of the greatest figures in American music. The Hayride featured musicians including <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, who made his broadcasting debut at this venue. In the mid-1950s, <a href="/wiki/KWKH" title="KWKH">KWKH</a> was the first major radio station to feature the music of Presley on its long-running Louisiana Hayride program at the Shreveport Municipal Auditorium. Horace Logan, long-term KWKH program manager and originator of the Hayride, and Frank Page introduced Presley on the Hayride. African American veterans of World War II were among activists in Shreveport through the 1960s who worked in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> to correct injustices under <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">disenfranchisement</a> of blacks. While activism gradually increased, 1963 was a particularly violent year in Shreveport because of white resistance. The Shreveport home of Dr. C. O. Simpkins was bombed in retaliation for his work with Dr. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-holmes-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-galilee-30">[30]</a> In September 1963 <a href="/wiki/George_W._D%27Artois" title="George W. D'Artois">George W. D'Artois</a>, Public Service Commissioner, refused a permit for a march to the Little Union Baptist Church in Shreveport, where mourners gathered to honor and commemorate four black girls killed in the <a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Street Baptist Church Bombing">16th Street Baptist Church Bombing</a> on September 15 in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>. D'Artois and other officers entered the church on horseback and took out the pastor, Dr. Harry Blake, beating him severely.<a href="#cite_note-holmes-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-ktbstv-31">[31]</a> Also in 1963, headlines across the country reported that African American musician <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a> was arrested in Shreveport after his band tried to register at a "whites-only" <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Inn" title="Holiday Inn">Holiday Inn</a>, where they planned to stay before performing in the city. Public facilities in Louisiana were still segregated.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In the months following, Cooke recorded the civil rights era song, "<a href="/wiki/A_Change_Is_Gonna_Come" title="A Change Is Gonna Come">A Change Is Gonna Come</a>". In 1964 Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act</a> to end segregation of public facilities. In the mid-1990s, the coming of <a href="/wiki/Riverboat_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverboat gambling">riverboat gambling</a> to Shreveport attracted numerous new patrons to the downtown and spurred a revitalization of the adjacent riverfront areas. Many downtown streets were given a facelift through the "Streetscape" project. Traditional brick sidewalks and crosswalks were built, and statues, sculptures, and <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> were added to create a better pedestrian environment. The O.K. Allen Bridge, commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge_(Shreveport)" title="Long–Allen Bridge (Shreveport)">Texas Street bridge</a>, was lit with <a href="/wiki/Neon_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon light">neon lights</a>. Residents predictably had a variety of reactions to these changes.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Shreveport was named an <a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-American City</a> in 1953, 1979, and 1999.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In the 1990s, Shreveport became known for its rap music scene, and acquired its famous aka name, Ratchet City.<a href="#cite_note-Durden-35">[35]</a> The term was first used by the group Lava House in its 1999 single "Ratchet".<a href="#cite_note-Durden-35">[35]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a>, President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> was taken to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a>. He also made a visit to speak in the city on March 11, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Since the downturn in the oil industry and other economic problems, the city has struggled with a declining population, unemployment, poverty, drugs and violent crime.<a href="#cite_note-TIM-8">[8]</a> City data from 2017 showed a dramatic increase in certain violent crimes from the previous year, including a 138 percent increase in homicides, a 21 percent increase in forcible rapes and more than 130 percent increases in both business armed robberies and business burglaries.<a href="#cite_note-TIM-8">[8]</a> In 2018 the local government and police authorities reported a <a href="/wiki/Crime_drop" title="Crime drop">crime drop</a> in most categories; it was part of an overall reduction in crime since the late 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-:12-15">[15]</a> As Shreveport continued its economic resurgence,<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Perkins" title="Adrian Perkins">Adrian Perkins</a> administration saw the coming of Advanced Aero Services,<a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a> Tomakk Glass Partners,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> and the revitalization plan of the Shreveport Economic Recovery Task Force after the Cross Bayou redevelopment plan was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-:13-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In June 2020, rapper <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Chris_(rapper)" title="Hurricane Chris (rapper)">Hurricane Chris</a> was arrested in Shreveport for <a href="/wiki/Second-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-degree murder">second-degree murder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> killing in Minnesota, multiple protests were held in the city.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City,_Louisiana,_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_(3497914205).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg/220px-Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg/330px-Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg/440px-Red_River_Between_Shreveport_and_Bossier_City%2C_Louisiana%2C_with_Barksdale_Air_Force_Base_in_Background_%283497914205%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Red River between Shreveport and Bossier City with Barksdale Air Force Base in background, 2008</figcaption></figure>Shreveport is located in <a href="/wiki/North_Louisiana" title="North Louisiana">Northwest Louisiana</a>. It is the center of the <a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark-La-Tex</a> region where <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, Louisiana, and Texas meet. It is also part of the I-20 Cyber Corridor linking the tech-centered <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shreveport%E2%80%93Bossier_City_metropolitan_area" title="Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area">Shreveport–Bossier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana_metropolitan_area" title="Monroe, Louisiana metropolitan area">Greater Monroe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Greater Atlanta</a> metropolitan areas together.<a href="#cite_note-:4-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The city of Shreveport is 188 miles (303 km) from <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> 98 miles (158 km) from <a href="/wiki/Tyler,_Texas" title="Tyler, Texas">Tyler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> and 41 miles (66 km) from <a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall</a>, Texas;<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> 215 miles (346 km) from <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a> and 73 miles (117 km) from <a href="/wiki/Texarkana,_Arkansas" title="Texarkana, Arkansas">Texarkana</a>, Arkansas;<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> and 250 miles (400 km) from the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> 99 miles (159 km) from <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> 69 miles (111 km) from <a href="/wiki/Ruston,_Louisiana" title="Ruston, Louisiana">Ruston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and 30 miles (48 km) from <a href="/wiki/Minden,_Louisiana" title="Minden, Louisiana">Minden</a>, Louisiana.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The city's proximity to the nearby cities makes it North Louisiana and the Ark-La-Tex's transportation hub. Shreveport is the parish seat of <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo Parish</a>. Portions of the city extend into neighboring <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier Parish</a>, bordering <a href="/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a>. Shreveport sits on a low elevation overlooking the Red River.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Western and northern portions of Shreveport have an elevation over 253 feet (77 m) above sea level.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a> forests, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterways</a> mark the outskirts of the city. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 123.396 square miles (319.59 km2), of which, 107.798 square miles (279.20 km2) is land and 15.548 square miles (40.27 km2) is water.<a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2023-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossier_City_September_2015_08_(Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg/220px-Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg/330px-Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg/440px-Bossier_City_September_2015_08_%28Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge_(Shreveport)" title="Long–Allen Bridge (Shreveport)">Long-Allen Bridge</a> (also known as the Texas Street Bridge) connects Shreveport and Bossier City.</figcaption></figure> Shreveport—since the mid-1990s—has been a major gambling center with a modest downtown skyline. The "Streetscape" project, inspired by the coming of riverboat gaming, gave Shreveport's downtown traditional brick sidewalks, statues, sculptures, and mosaics. The O.K. Allen Bridge (Texas Street bridge) was lit with neon lights. Since then, Downtown Shreveport has seen minor changes until the 2010s; the whole of Shreveport has been improving roads since the mid-2010s, with continued road projects in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2018, buildings in Shreveport's downtown and nearby districts were revitalized due to re-investment in the area.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-12">[12]</a> In 2020, plans were unveiled for the I-49 Connector and further redevelopment of the city.<a href="#cite_note-:13-38">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shreveport_Skyline.jpg/220px-Shreveport_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shreveport_Skyline.jpg/330px-Shreveport_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shreveport_Skyline.jpg/440px-Shreveport_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4759" data-file-height="3173" /></a><figcaption>View of Downtown Shreveport</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pine_Wold_house,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_4951.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG/220px-Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG/330px-Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG/440px-Pine_Wold_house%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_4951.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Pine Wold house (Fairfield Avenue at Kirby Street) was designed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Neild" title="Edward F. Neild">Edward F. Neild</a>, who created some of the designs for the interior of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Truman</a> administration, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum">Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum</a>. Pine Wold was constructed in 1903 by lumberman T. J. Jones and expanded in 1919 by oilman J. P. Evans. For a time the Mighty Haag Circus wintered on the grounds, and the circus elephant Trilby is buried there.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A._C._Steere_Elementary_School,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_5106.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg/220px-A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg/330px-A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg/440px-A._C._Steere_Elementary_School%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_5106.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A.C. Steere School, expanded in 1938, is named for Albert Coldwell Steere, <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate developer">developer</a> and founder of the Broadmoor neighborhood; the institution was added in 1991 to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Neild" title="Edward F. Neild">Edward F. Neild</a> of Shreveport.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> Shreveport encompasses many areas, neighborhoods, and districts. The busiest thoroughfares and areas of Shreveport are the Youree Drive area (named for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Youree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Youree (page does not exist)">Peter Youree</a>), the Shreveport Downtown Riverfront, and Highland neighborhood. All of the busiest areas are located in Eastern Shreveport, nearby or along the Red River. Below is a list of areas in the Shreveport area of Caddo Parish: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Acadiana Place</li> <li>Allendale</li> <li>Allendale-Lakeside, interloop of neighborhoods</li> <li>Anderson Island</li> <li>Azalea Gardens</li> <li>Braemar Estates</li> <li>Broadmoor</li> <li>Broadmoor Terrace</li> <li>Brunswick Place</li> <li>Caddo Heights</li> <li>Cedar Grove</li> <li>Chapel Creek</li> <li>Cherokee Park</li> <li>Cooper Road</li> <li>Crescent Wood</li> <li>Cross Lake, some not in city</li> <li>Dixie Gardens</li> <li>Eden Gardens</li> <li>Ellerbe Road Estates</li> <li>Ellerbe Woods</li> <li>Evangeline Oaks</li> <li>Fairfield Heights</li> <li>Forbing</li> <li>Fox Crossing</li> <li>Garden Valley</li> <li>Glen Iris</li> <li>Greenbrook</li> <li>The Haven</li> <li>Hidden Trace</li> <li>Hideaway Harbor</li> <li>Highland</li> <li>Hollywood</li> <li>Hollywood Heights</li> <li>Huntington</li> <li>Ingleside</li> <li>Jackson Square</li> <li>Jewella-South Park</li> <li>Hyde Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Lakeside, Shreveport, Louisiana">Lakeside</a></li> <li>Lakeside Acres</li> <li>Lakeside on Long Lake</li> <li>Ledbetter Heights or The Bottoms</li> <li>Long Lake Estates</li> <li>Lynbrook</li> <li>Madison Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooretown,_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Mooretown, Shreveport, Louisiana">Mooretown</a></li> <li>Norris Ferry Crossing</li> <li>Norris Ferry Estates</li> <li>Norris Ferry Landing</li> <li>North Highlands</li> <li>Parkside</li> <li>Pines Road</li> <li>Pierremont</li> <li>Pierremont Place</li> <li>Pierremont Ridge</li> <li>Provenance</li> <li>Queensborough</li> <li>St. Charles Place</li> <li>Shreve Island</li> <li>Shreve Lake Estates</li> <li>South Broadmoor</li> <li>South Highlands</li> <li>Southern Hills</li> <li>Southern Trace</li> <li>Spring Lake</li> <li>Stoner Hill</li> <li>Sunset Acres</li> <li>Towne South</li> <li>Twelve Oaks</li> <li>Shadow Pines Estates</li> <li>Steeple Chase</li> <li>Stoner Hill</li> <li>University Terrace</li> <li>Waterside</li> <li>West End</li> <li>Western Hills</li> <li>Wright Island</li> <li>Yarborough</li></ul> </div> <div align="center"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px; height: 218px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robinson_Place,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1578.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Robinson Place in Shreveport, former home of physician and developer George W. Robinson; later the residence of Douglas and Lucille Lee, owners of Lee Hardware Company"><img alt="Robinson Place in Shreveport, former home of physician and developer George W. Robinson; later the residence of Douglas and Lucille Lee, owners of Lee Hardware Company" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG/188px-Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG/282px-Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG/376px-Robinson_Place%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1578.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robinson Place in Shreveport, former home of physician and developer George W. Robinson; later the residence of Douglas and Lucille Lee, owners of Lee Hardware Company</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px; height: 218px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrett_House_in_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1581.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic residence of late Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Thomas Charles Barret at Fairfield and Prospect"><img alt="Historic residence of late Louisiana Lieutenant Governor Thomas Charles Barret at Fairfield and Prospect" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG/188px-Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG/282px-Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG/376px-Barrett_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1581.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Historic residence of late Louisiana <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana">Lieutenant Governor</a> Thomas Charles Barret at Fairfield and Prospect</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px; height: 218px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Walker_House_in_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1579.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Walker House on Fairfield Avenue was once the home of the Coca-Cola bottler Zehntner Biedenharn."><img alt="Walker House on Fairfield Avenue was once the home of the Coca-Cola bottler Zehntner Biedenharn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG/188px-Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG/282px-Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG/376px-Walker_House_in_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1579.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Walker House on Fairfield Avenue was once the home of the <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> bottler Zehntner Biedenharn.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px; height: 218px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bliss-Hoyer_House,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1580.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bliss-Hoyer House, built by Abel and Nettie Bliss, was later the home of Ewald Max Hoyer, the first mayor of Bossier City, who continued to reside in Shreveport."><img alt="Bliss-Hoyer House, built by Abel and Nettie Bliss, was later the home of Ewald Max Hoyer, the first mayor of Bossier City, who continued to reside in Shreveport." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG/188px-Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG" decoding="async" width="188" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG/282px-Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG/376px-Bliss-Hoyer_House%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1580.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bliss-Hoyer House, built by Abel and Nettie Bliss, was later the home of Ewald Max Hoyer, the first mayor of <a href="/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a>, who continued to reside in Shreveport.</div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Shreveport has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfa). Rainfall is abundant, with the normal annual precipitation averaging over 51 inches (1,300 mm), with monthly averages ranging from less than 3 inches (76 mm) in August to more than 5 inches (130 mm) in June. Severe thunderstorms with heavy rain, <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a>, damaging winds and <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornadoes">tornadoes</a> occur in the area during the spring and summer months. The winter months are normally mild, with an average of 35 days of freezing or below-freezing temperatures per year, with ice and <a href="/wiki/Ice_pellets" title="Ice pellets">sleet</a> storms possible. Summer months are hot and humid, with maximum temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on an average of 91 days per year, with high to very high relative average humidity. The extreme temperatures range from −5 °F (−21 °C) on <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">February 12, 1899</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nws-57">[57]</a> to 110 °F (43 °C) on August 18, 1909, and August 25 and 26, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-nws-57">[57]</a> Shreveport is home to a branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="National Weather Service Shreveport, Louisiana">National Weather Service</a> which provides forecasts and warnings for the greater <a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark-La-Tex</a> region. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Shreveport, Louisiana (<a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Regional_Airport" title="Shreveport Regional Airport">Shreveport Regional Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> extremes 1871–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102 (39) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110 (43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109 (43) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 (29) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">110 (43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.4 (24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1 (26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.6 (29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5 (30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.4 (33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.3 (35.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100.2 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101.4 (38.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.0 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">102.6 (39.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.4 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.6 (17.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.5 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.6 (29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1 (32.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.3 (34.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.9 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3 (26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.9 (15.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.5 (25.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.9 (8.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8 (11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0 (15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9 (18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0 (23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.9 (27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.6 (13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">66.6 (19.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.0 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7 (8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5 (17.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6 (21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.5 (23.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.0 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.0 (19.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4 (13.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.6 (13.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (−6.0) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (−3.2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3 (3.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 (9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3 (16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0 (20.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9 (18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.0 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (−1.8) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.5 (−6.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5 (−21) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (−9) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 (14) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 (12) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 (−9) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 (−15) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5 (−21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.40 (112) </td> <td style="background: #4CFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.30 (109) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.90 (124) </td> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.19 (132) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.46 (113) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.78 (121) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.50 (89) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.91 (74) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.46 (88) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.59 (117) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.00 (102) </td> <td style="background: #44FF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.94 (125) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.43 (1,306) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.51) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.9 (2.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.8 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.1 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.9 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">317.9 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.7 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">249.8 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.8 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.8 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.4 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,779.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun and relative humidity 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-nws-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-60">[60]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>1,728</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,190</td><td></td><td>26.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,607</td><td></td><td>110.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>8,009</td><td></td><td>73.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>11,979</td><td></td><td>49.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>16,013</td><td></td><td>33.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>28,015</td><td></td><td>75.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>43,874</td><td></td><td>56.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>76,655</td><td></td><td>74.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>98,167</td><td></td><td>28.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>127,206</td><td></td><td>29.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>164,372</td><td></td><td>29.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>182,064</td><td></td><td>10.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>206,989</td><td></td><td>13.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>198,525</td><td></td><td>−4.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>200,145</td><td></td><td>0.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>199,311</td><td></td><td>−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>187,593</td><td></td><td>−5.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">177,959</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-61">[61]</a></td><td>−5.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> 2020 Census<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5">[5]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Shreveport's population was initially 1,728 at the <a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850 U.S. census</a>, and has experienced growth to a historic high of 206,989 at the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980 census</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, there were 187,593 people, 73,114 households, and 42,775 families residing in the city; the 2020 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> determined an estimated 189,890 people resided in the city, purporting a slight population rebound.<a href="#cite_note-:14-63">[63]</a> The 2020 census estimates showed Shreveport had 75,680 households with an average of 2.4 people per household. Of the households, 39% were married-couple households, though 44% of its male population and 40% of its female population have never married. Throughout the city, there were 89,523 housing units, with a 85% occupancy rate; among them, 54% were owner-occupied. Among its units, 73% were single-unit detached homes and 31% of its population moved into those homes from 2015 to 2016. The median value of its owner-occupied housing units were $151,700, and 30% of its units were estimated to be under $100,000; 38% of its units were estimated to cost from $100,000 to $200,000.<a href="#cite_note-:14-63">[63]</a> From 2014 to 2018, the median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $144,800. The median monthly cost with a mortgage was $1,178 and the median monthly cost without a mortgage was $364; the city of Shreveport had a median gross rent of $810. The median income from 2014 to 2018 was $36,338, and the mean income was $55,582.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The per capita income was $25,022. By the 2020 American Community Survey, its median household income increased to $40,809.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The median income for families grew to $54,023 with a mean income of $82,854; married-couple families $84,282 with a mean of $112,363; and non-family households $26,628 with a mean of $41,090.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> According to census estimates, 25% of its population earned from $50,000 to $100,000 annually; 13% $100,000 to $200,000; and 5% over $200,000. Approximately 24.9% of Shreveport lived at or below the poverty line, down from 2014 to 2018's census estimates of 25.4%.<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Shreveport city, Louisiana – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-68">[68]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-69">[69]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-70">[70]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>91,857 </td> <td>79,693 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">66,138 </td> <td>45.90% </td> <td>39.98% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">35.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>101,218 </td> <td>108,535 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">104,612 </td> <td>50.57% </td> <td>54.46% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">55.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>568 </td> <td>652 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">573 </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,577 </td> <td>2,600 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,031 </td> <td>0.79% </td> <td>1.30% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>58 </td> <td>89 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">102 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>136 </td> <td>213 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">668 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>1,625 </td> <td>2,511 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,811 </td> <td>0.81% </td> <td>1.26% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>3,106 </td> <td>5,018 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6,658 </td> <td>1.55% </td> <td>2.52% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>200,145 </td> <td>199,311 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">187,593 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_(5560435458).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Shreveport_%285560435458%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Shreveport, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic or other (yellow).</figcaption></figure>In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup of Shreveport was 56.9% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black and African American</a>, 36.8% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian and Alaska Native</a>, 1.7% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">other Pacific Islander</a>, 0.1% some other race, 1.5% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>, and 2.6% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino American</a> of any race. At the 2010 U.S. census, the racial and ethnic composition of the population was 54.70% Black or African American, 41.16% White, 1.0% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 1.2% from some other race and 1.5% from two or more races. In 2010, about 6.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino American of any race.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Reflecting the decline in North Louisiana's population,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> the city of Shreveport's racial and ethnic makeup among Hispanic and Latino Americans declined from 2010 yet rebounded from 2019's census estimates.<a href="#cite_note-:11-73">[73]</a> At the 2020 census, Shreveport remained a predominantly Black and African American city, with 55.77% of the population identifying as such; non-Hispanic whites slightly declined to 35.26% and multiracial or Americans of another race increased to 3.45% of the population. Data from the 2020 United States census reflected growing trends of Hispanic and Latino, and Asian American population growth nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the city and metropolitan area's dominant religion, being part of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>. Its residents were predominantly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> through the nineteenth century, and today, <a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_United_States" title="Baptists in the United States">Baptists</a> form the majority of Christians in Shreveport, followed by <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-75">[75]</a> Many Baptist and Methodist churches are affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Protestant</a> denominations, though several are also affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestantism</a>; among Baptists, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention (USA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_America_International,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.">National Baptist Convention of America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel_Baptist_Church_Fellowship" title="Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship">Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship</a> are the largest Baptist denominations in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Baptists" title="Progressive Baptists">Progressive Baptist</a> group in the area.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Methodists are mainly affiliates of the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a>, though some also claimed affiliation to the mainline <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The Roman Catholic community is primarily served by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Shreveport" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport">Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG/220px-Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG/330px-Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG/440px-Antioch_Baptist_Church_Shreveport.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antioch_Baptist_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Antioch Baptist Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Antioch Baptist Church</a></figcaption></figure> Of note among its predominantly Baptist population, the First Baptist Church of Shreveport was once pastored by Monroe E. Dodd, founder of the former <a href="/wiki/Dodd_College" title="Dodd College">Dodd College for Girls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Davis" title="Jimmie Davis">Jimmie Davis</a>, also a Shreveport city commissioner, taught history for a year under Dodd. Other historic large Baptist churches include <a href="/wiki/Antioch_Baptist_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Antioch Baptist Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Antioch Baptist</a>, Galilee Missionary Baptist, Calvary Baptist, Broadmoor Baptist, Summer Grove Baptist, and Mount Canaan Missionary Baptist Church. Summer Grove Baptist Church was previously pastored by Wayne L. DuBose, a Baptist denominational officer.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Mount Canaan was previously pastored by civil rights era icon Dr. Harry Blake,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and Galilee was likewise pastored by Dr. E. Edward Jones, another civil rights icon.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Among its Methodist churches has been the large <a href="/wiki/First_Methodist_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="First Methodist Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">First Methodist Church</a>, established in 1884. The current edifice dates to 1913. Among its former pastors were D. L. Dykes Jr. and John E. Fellers. During a severe thunderstorm in 2009, the fiberglass steeple of the church toppled and fell onto a passing car.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> It has since been replaced. A second prominent Methodist congregation is named for J. S. Noel Jr.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The church was begun as a mission in 1906. In 2023, First United Methodist voted to leave the United Methodist Church.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Mark%27s_Cathedral,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_2361.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/220px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/330px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG/440px-St._Mark%27s_Cathedral%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_2361.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="St. Mark's Cathedral (Shreveport, Louisiana)">St. Mark's Cathedral</a>, an Episcopal church</figcaption></figure> The large <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Catholic_Church_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Holy Trinity Catholic Church</a>, located downtown, was founded in 1858; it served <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> immigrants as well as native-born residents. Five priests died of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> in the 1873 epidemic. The current sanctuary in <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">Romanesque revival</a> style architecture dates to 1896.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Particularly striking in size and architecture is <a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_Cathedral_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="St. Mark's Cathedral (Shreveport, Louisiana)">St. Mark's Cathedral</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> congregation dating its establishment to the first religious service held in Shreveport in 1839.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> It became the see of the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Western_Louisiana" title="Episcopal Diocese of Western Louisiana">Episcopal Diocese of Western Louisiana</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In Shreveport's interdenominational and Pentecostal population, Shreveport Community Church (an <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> church affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a>)<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> owns and operates <a href="/wiki/Evangel_Christian_Academy" title="Evangel Christian Academy">Evangel Christian Academy</a>, a pre‑K through 12th grade private school. The church has produced a biblical musical, Songs of the Season, during the Christmas holidays for over 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> has maintained a presence in Shreveport since the early 1900s.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The oldest Orthodox church in the city is St. George Greek Orthodox Church of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_America" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</a>, followed by St. Nicholas Orthodox Church (<a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Archdiocese_of_North_America" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America">Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America</a>),<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and the Holy Nativity of the Lord Church of the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_085_(B%27Nai_Zion_Temple).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_085_%28B%27Nai_Zion_Temple%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Original B'nai Zion Temple, designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Historic Place</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> community of Shreveport dates to the organization of Congregation Har El in 1859, made up primarily of <a href="/wiki/German_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jewish">German Jewish</a> immigrants in its early years. It developed as <a href="/wiki/B%27Nai_Zion_Temple" title="B'Nai Zion Temple">B'nai Zion Temple</a>, today the city's <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a> congregation, which built the city's largest synagogue. Agudath Achim, founded in 1905 as an <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> congregation of immigrants from Eastern Europe, is today a traditional Jewish synagogue. Shreveport, historically, has had a large and civic-minded Jewish community and has elected three Jewish mayors.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> community in Shreveport-Bossier constituted approximately 14% of Louisiana's total Muslim population in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:02-99">[99]</a> The majority of Shreveporter Muslims are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">non-denominational Islam</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_026_(Regions_Tower).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_026_%28Regions_Tower%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Regions_Tower" title="Regions Tower">Regions Tower</a>, the tallest building in downtown Shreveport</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schumpert_Hospital,_Shreveport,_LA_IMG_1576.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG/220px-Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG/330px-Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG/440px-Schumpert_Hospital%2C_Shreveport%2C_LA_IMG_1576.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Health care is a major industry in Shreveport; Christus Schumpert Medical Center is the secondary leading cancer-treatment facility in the South, behind Willis Knighton.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_050_(Shreveport_Convention_Center).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_050_%28Shreveport_Convention_Center%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Shreveport Convention Center</figcaption></figure> Shreveport was formerly a major player in United States oil business, and once hosted the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Louisiana" title="Standard Oil of Louisiana">Standard Oil of Louisiana</a> offices, a branch of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a>. The Louisiana branch was later absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Oil of New Jersey">Standard Oil of New Jersey</a>. Beginning in 1930, <a href="/wiki/United_Gas_Corporation" title="United Gas Corporation">United Gas Corporation</a>, the nation's busiest pipeline operator and massive integrated oil company, was headquartered in Shreveport. <a href="/wiki/Pennzoil" title="Pennzoil">Pennzoil</a> performed a <a href="/wiki/Hostile_takeover" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostile takeover">hostile takeover</a> in 1968, and forced a merger. In the 1980s, the oil and gas industry suffered a large economic downturn. This severely affected the regional economy, and many companies cut back jobs or went out of business, including a large retail shopping mall (South Park Mall) which closed in the late 1990s. Shreveport's economy entered a major economic recession, and many residents left the area. At one time, Shreveport was home to numerous manufacturers, including <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Operations" title="Shreveport Operations">Shreveport Operations</a>, a <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> plant that permanently closed in August 2012. The plant produced the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Colorado" title="Chevrolet Colorado">Chevrolet Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMC_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC Canyon">GMC Canyon</a>, Hummer H3 series, and the <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_i-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuzu i-Series">Isuzu i-Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In January 2013, the plant was leased from Caddo Parish by <a href="/wiki/Elio_Motors" title="Elio Motors">Elio Motors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Klayman-101">[101]</a> However, Elio Motors never went into production at the Shreveport plant. In addition to GM, other notable large companies that have had or still have Shreveport manufacturing/assembly or production facilities or operations include: <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (electric transformer production), <a href="/wiki/Western_Electric" title="Western Electric">Western Electric</a> (payphone manufacturing, approximately 7,500 employees at its peak, changed ownership through the years but closed in 2001)<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/UOP_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="UOP LLC">Honeywell UOP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libbey-Owens-Ford" title="Libbey-Owens-Ford">Libbey-Owens-Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poulan" title="Poulan">Beaird-Poulan</a> (the originator of and, for decades, the only manufacturer of the single-operator <a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">chainsaw</a> in the world),<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Specialty_Products_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Calumet Specialty Products Partners">Calumet Specialty Products Partners</a> (originally <a href="/wiki/United_Gas_Corporation" title="United Gas Corporation">United Gas Corporation</a>'s Atlas Processing Unit and then <a href="/wiki/Pennzoil" title="Pennzoil">Pennzoil</a>), and Frymaster, LLC (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/The_Manitowoc_Company" title="The Manitowoc Company">The Manitowoc Company</a>). Today, only Calumet Packaging and Honeywell UOP survive as a large manufacturing employer in Shreveport. By 2017, manufacturing and other goods-producing (e.g. petrochemical refining) jobs accounted for just 5% of Shreveport occupations, compared to 8% for the nationwide percentage of the workforce involved in manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Shreveport has since largely transitioned to a service economy. In particular, there has been rapid growth in the gaming industry. The city hosts various riverboat gambling <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a>, and, before <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005, was second only to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> in Louisiana tourism. Nearby <a href="/wiki/Bossier_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossier City">Bossier City</a> is home to one of the three horse racetracks in the state, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Downs" title="Louisiana Downs">Louisiana Downs</a>. Casinos in Shreveport-Bossier include <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_Hotel_and_Gambling_Hall,_Shreveport" title="Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, Shreveport">Sam's Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bally%27s_Shreveport" title="Bally's Shreveport">Bally's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Bossier_City" title="Horseshoe Bossier City">Horseshoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boomtown_Bossier_City" title="Boomtown Bossier City">Boomtown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaritaville_Resort_Casino" title="Margaritaville Resort Casino">Margaritaville</a>. Diamond Jacks Casino (formerly Isle of Capri) closed in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau is the official tourism information agency for the region. The bureau maintains a comprehensive database of restaurants, accommodations, attractions, and events. In May 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Boardwalk" title="Louisiana Boardwalk">Louisiana Boardwalk</a>, a 550,000-square-foot (51,000 m2) shopping and entertainment complex, opened in Bossier City across from Shreveport's downtown. It features outlet shopping, several restaurants, a 14‑screen movie theater, a bowling complex, and <a href="/wiki/Bass_Pro_Shops" title="Bass Pro Shops">Bass Pro Shops</a>. A 350,000-square-foot (33,000 m2) convention center was completed in the Shreveport Downtown Riverfront. Managed by <a href="/wiki/SMG_(property_management)" title="SMG (property management)">SMG</a>, it includes an 800-space parking garage. An adjoining Hilton Hotel opened in June 2007. It was constructed by and owned by the city, which has been a controversial issue, and the subject of discussions about use of public funds. In November 2008, development of the <a href="/wiki/Haynesville_Shale" title="Haynesville Shale">Haynesville Shale</a> area, with new jobs in the natural gas industry were expected to be created over the next few years. Residents in the region have been given large bonuses for signing mineral rights leases up to $25,000 per acre. However, economic downturn had resulted in a lower market price for natural gas and slower-than-expected drilling activity. The city expected to generate revenue by leasing the mineral rights on public lands in the near future as neighboring municipalities had already done. However with advances in fracking methods in the Haynesville shale and starting in 2022 with the increase of natural gas prices after Covid to as high as $8/Mcf (thousand cubic feet), rig activity has greatly increased in the Haynesville to be the 2nd largest basin in the United States by number of active drilling rigs (2nd only to the Permian Basin - largest basin in the United States). It has since slowed to a degree since natural gas prices have decreased but is still the 3rd highest ranked basin in the US in terms of number of active drilling rigs. Gambling and hotel industries in Shreveport, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Regions_Financial_Corporation" title="Regions Financial Corporation">Regions Financial Corporation</a> have regional offices in Shreveport's downtown and surrounding districts and neighborhoods. AT&T's regional headquarters is located in Downtown Shreveport. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Bel_Edwards" title="John Bel Edwards">Governor Edwards</a> announced plans to open a fulfillment center in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Amazon began construction on the $200 million fulfillment center in 2021 with completion expected by the end of 2022. The fulfillment center was expected to create 1,000 direct jobs.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Additionally, other business investments alongside Amazon during the early 2020s contributed more than $750 million to revitalizing and expanding the municipal and metropolitan economy.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> By October 2023, Amazon planned to open a second facility in Shreveport.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In December 2023, the city council approved a lease of Millennium Studios to rapper <a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a>'s new production company.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In 2014, the city government pumped $16.5 million into <a href="/wiki/Mall_St._Vincent" title="Mall St. Vincent">Mall St. Vincent</a> in an attempt to attract new customers to the mall.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> However, by 2021, Auntie Anne's, Gymboree, <a href="/wiki/Grimaldi%27s_Pizzeria" title="Grimaldi's Pizzeria">Grimaldi's Pizzeria</a>, and Sears had closed their Mall St. Vincent operations, leaving Dilliards as the only anchor store.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine ranked Shreveport the "#1 place to start a business" in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In 2020, Advanced Aero Services planned to open a facility at Shreveport Regional Airport,<a href="#cite_note-:9-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-13">[13]</a> while employer Libbey Glass closed its doors for good after 47 years of operation, resulting in the loss of 450 jobs.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> On July 31, 2020, the Shreveport Economic Recovery Task Force released a revitalization plan with a primary focus on the downtown area.<a href="#cite_note-:13-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_industry">Film industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film industry">edit</a>]</div> Tax incentives offered by the state government have given Louisiana the third largest film industry in the country, behind California and New York. Louisiana is sometimes called "Hollywood South".<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> A number of films have been made in Shreveport. Facilities include <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical property">prop</a> rental facilities, the Fairgrounds Complex, and the Louisiana Wave Studio, a computer-controlled outdoor <a href="/wiki/Wave_pool" title="Wave pool">wave pool</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Selected films shot in Shreveport include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Initiation_of_Sarah_(2006_film)" title="The Initiation of Sarah (2006 film)">The Initiation of Sarah</a> (2006): <a href="/wiki/Summer_Glau" title="Summer Glau">Summer Glau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_(2006_film)" title="The Guardian (2006 film)">The Guardian</a> (2006): <a href="/wiki/Ashton_Kutcher" title="Ashton Kutcher">Ashton Kutcher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_Girl_(2006_film)" title="Factory Girl (2006 film)">Factory Girl</a> (2006): <a href="/wiki/Sienna_Miller" title="Sienna Miller">Sienna Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Pearce" title="Guy Pearce">Guy Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Debaters" title="The Great Debaters">The Great Debaters</a> (2007): <a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Brooks" title="Mr. Brooks">Mr. Brooks</a> (2007): <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonition_(2007_film)" title="Premonition (2007 film)">Premonition</a> (2007): <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bullock" title="Sandra Bullock">Sandra Bullock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_McMahon" title="Julian McMahon">Julian McMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaner_(2007_film)" title="Cleaner (2007 film)">Cleaner</a> (2007): <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mist_(film)" title="The Mist (film)">The Mist</a> (2007): <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jane" title="Thomas Jane">Thomas Jane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toby_Jones" title="Toby Jones">Toby Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Gay_Harden" title="Marcia Gay Harden">Marcia Gay Harden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welcome_Home_Roscoe_Jenkins" title="Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins">Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins</a> (2008): <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lawrence" title="Martin Lawrence">Martin Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cedric_The_Entertainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedric The Entertainer">Cedric The Entertainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_Men" title="Soul Men">Soul Men</a> (2008) <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Mac" title="Bernie Mac">Bernie Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a> (2008): <a href="/wiki/Jack_Black" title="Jack Black">Jack Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cera" title="Michael Cera">Michael Cera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)">W.</a> (2008): <a href="/wiki/Josh_Brolin" title="Josh Brolin">Josh Brolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Cromwell" title="James Cromwell">James Cromwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_%26_Kumar_Escape_from_Guantanamo_Bay" title="Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay">Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay</a> (2008): <a href="/wiki/John_Cho" title="John Cho">John Cho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kal_Penn" title="Kal Penn">Kal Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Hope_They_Serve_Beer_in_Hell_(film)" title="I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell (film)">I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell</a> (2009): <a href="/wiki/Matt_Czuchry" title="Matt Czuchry">Matt Czuchry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Bradford" title="Jesse Bradford">Jesse Bradford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Stults" title="Geoff Stults">Geoff Stults</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_(2010_American_film)" title="Super (2010 American film)">Super</a> (2010): <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page" title="Elliot Page">Elliot Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainn_Wilson" title="Rainn Wilson">Rainn Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_Dogs_(2011_film)" title="Straw Dogs (2011 film)">Straw Dogs</a> (2011): <a href="/wiki/James_Marsden" title="James Marsden">James Marsden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Bosworth" title="Kate Bosworth">Kate Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_Angry" title="Drive Angry">Drive Angry</a> (2011): <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trespass_(2011_film)" title="Trespass (2011 film)">Trespass</a> (2011): <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle:_Los_Angeles" title="Battle: Los Angeles">Battle: Los Angeles</a> (2011): <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rodriguez" title="Michelle Rodriguez">Michelle Rodriguez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridget_Moynahan" title="Bridget Moynahan">Bridget Moynahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iceman_(film)" title="The Iceman (film)">The Iceman</a> (2012): <a href="/wiki/Michael_Shannon" title="Michael Shannon">Michael Shannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winona_Ryder" title="Winona Ryder">Winona Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Them_Bodies_Saints" title="Ain't Them Bodies Saints">Ain't Them Bodies Saints</a> (2013): <a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooney_Mara" title="Rooney Mara">Rooney Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Has_Fallen" title="Olympus Has Fallen">Olympus Has Fallen</a> (2013): <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Butler" title="Gerard Butler">Gerard Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Eckhart" title="Aaron Eckhart">Aaron Eckhart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Chainsaw_3D" title="Texas Chainsaw 3D">Texas Chainsaw 3D</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_That_Dreaded_Sundown_(2014_film)" title="The Town That Dreaded Sundown (2014 film)">The Town that Dreaded Sundown</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Places_(2014_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Places (2014 film)">Dark Places</a> (2015): <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%AB_Grace_Moretz" title="Chloë Grace Moretz">Chloë Grace Moretz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlize_Theron" title="Charlize Theron">Charlize Theron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Saw_the_Light_(film)" title="I Saw the Light (film)">I Saw the Light</a> (2015): <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Olsen" title="Elizabeth Olsen">Elizabeth Olsen</a></li></ul> </div> Several television series have been shot in Shreveport and the surrounding area, including <a href="/wiki/The_Gates_(TV_series)" title="The Gates (TV series)">The Gates</a> (2010), and <a href="/wiki/Salem_(TV_series)" title="Salem (TV series)">Salem</a> (2014). The <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Film_Prize" title="Louisiana Film Prize">Louisiana Film Prize</a> has spurred the creation of over 200 short films shot in Shreveport and Northwest Louisiana by filmmakers from around the world since its inception in 2012. As of 2023, G-Unit Film and Television, which has recently undergone renovations, serves as the primary filming location for projects involving 50 Cent. Additionally, it also operates as the creative center for the entertainment and film industry within Northwest Louisiana and the Ark-La-Tex.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> Shreveport is home to many theatres, museums, and performing arts groups, including: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg/220px-Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg/330px-Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg/440px-Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Shreveport Symphony Orchestra in 2010</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Academy of Children's Theatre<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li>Artspace Shreveport</li> <li>Barnwell Memorial Garden and Art Center</li> <li>Hayride Diner/Soundstage 516</li> <li>J.O.S.H. Lounge – Jazz, Old School and Heritage <a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li>Louisiana Dance Theatre</li> <li>Louisiana State Exhibit Museum</li> <li>Marjorie Lyons Playhouse on the Centenary College Campus</li> <li>Meadows Museum of Art – <a href="/wiki/Centenary_College_of_Louisiana" title="Centenary College of Louisiana">Centenary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicultural_Center_of_the_South" title="Multicultural Center of the South">Multicultural Center of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Once_in_a_Millennium_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Once in a Millennium Moon (page does not exist)">Once in a Millennium Moon</a> mural by Meg Saligman<a href="#cite_note-Millennium-130">[130]</a></li> <li>Power and Grace School of Performing Arts</li> <li>R. W. Norton Art Gallery</li> <li>River City Repertory Theatre, the professional theatre for Shreveport-Bossier</li> <li>RiverView Theatre</li> <li>Robinson Film Center</li> <li>Shreveport House Concerts<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li>Shreveport Little Theatre<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Metropolitan_Ballet" title="Shreveport Metropolitan Ballet">Shreveport Metropolitan Ballet</a></li> <li>Shreveport Municipal Auditorium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Opera" title="Shreveport Opera">Shreveport Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Shreveport Symphony Orchestra">Shreveport Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li>Southern University Museum of Art</li> <li>Spring Street Museum</li> <li>StageCenter Performing Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Theatre_(Shreveport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strand Theatre (Shreveport)">The Strand Theatre</a></li> <li>Theatre of the Performing Arts of Shreveport</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_017_(Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_017_%28Louisiana_State_Fair_Grounds%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Louisiana State Fair Grounds in 2015</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>ArtBreak Festival, largest annual student arts festival in the South since 1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a> Air Show, held annually since 1933</li> <li>Cinco De Mayo Fiesta, held annually since 1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Jazz_%26_Blues_Festival" title="Highland Jazz & Blues Festival">Highland Jazz & Blues Festival</a>, held annually the second Saturday of November since 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_in_Dixie" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiday in Dixie">Holiday in Dixie</a>, annual springtime festival, began 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Bowl" title="Independence Bowl">Independence Bowl</a>, held annually close to New Year's since 1976</li> <li>Independence Day Festival, held annually on the 4th of July since 2009</li> <li>Let the Good Times Roll Festival, annual <a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> festival since 1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Film_Prize" title="Louisiana Film Prize">Louisiana Film Prize</a>, short film competition and film festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> parades</li> <li>Mudbug Madness, annual celebration of <a href="/wiki/Procambarus_clarkii" title="Procambarus clarkii">crawfish</a>, held each May since 1984</li> <li>Red River Balloon Rally, annual summer festival since 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Revel" title="Red River Revel">Red River Revel</a>, annual autumn arts festival which began in 1976; the largest outdoor festival in northern Louisiana</li> <li>The State Fair of Louisiana, held annually each autumn since 1906</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mardi_Gras">Mardi Gras</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mardi Gras">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a> celebrations in Shreveport date to the mid‑19th century when <a href="/wiki/Krewe" title="Krewe">krewes</a> and parades were organized along the lines of those of New Orleans. Mardi Gras in Shreveport did not survive the cancellations caused by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Attempts to revive it in the 1920s were unsuccessful, and the last Carnival celebrations in Shreveport for decades were held in 1927. Mardi Gras in Shreveport was revived beginning in 1984 with the organization of the Krewe of Apollo. The Krewes of Gemini, Centaur, Aesclepius, Highland, Sobek, Harambee, and others, followed during the next decade and a half. The first krewe[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] to revive parading was Gemini in 1989. Today, Mardi Gras is again an important part of the cultural life of the Shreveport-Bossier metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Shreveport-Bossier" title="Sports in Shreveport-Bossier">Sports in Shreveport-Bossier</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_012_(Independence_Stadium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_012_%28Independence_Stadium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Independence Stadium, 2015</figcaption></figure> Dating back to 1911, the state fairgrounds (and later <a href="/wiki/Independence_Stadium_(Shreveport)" title="Independence Stadium (Shreveport)">Independence Stadium</a>, formerly State Fair Stadium) has traditionally hosted a college football game or two during the State Fair of Louisiana, an event currently dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_State_Fair_Classic" title="Red River State Fair Classic">Red River State Fair Classic</a>. Since 1976, Independence Stadium has served as host of college football's annual <a href="/wiki/Independence_Bowl" title="Independence Bowl">Independence Bowl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_Bulldogs_football" title="Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football">Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football</a> team occasionally hosts games at Independence Stadium. Shreveport has been home to several professional football teams. The Houston franchise of the professional <a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a> relocated to Shreveport rebranded as the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Steamer" title="Shreveport Steamer">Shreveport Steamer</a> midway through the 1974 season, but the franchise along with the WFL folded midway through the 1975 season. Another franchise named the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Steamers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport Steamers">Shreveport Steamers</a> played as a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Association_(1978%E2%80%931983)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Football Association (1978–1983)">American Football Association</a> from 1979 until folding in 1981. Shreveport's Independence Stadium was also home to the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Pirates" title="Shreveport Pirates">Shreveport Pirates</a>, an unsuccessful professional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> franchise that opened play in 1994 but folded after the 1995 season. Baseball in Shreveport has an extensive history. The city had affiliated <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> teams from 1968 to 2002. The most memorable team was the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Captains" title="Shreveport Captains">Shreveport Captains</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a>. Baseball teams in Shreveport have gone through eight different name changes and seven different leagues all since 1895. Shreveport's most recent independent minor league baseball team, the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport-Bossier_Captains" title="Shreveport-Bossier Captains">Shreveport-Bossier Captains</a>, ceased operations in 2011 and moved to <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a>. The city also has an extensive history in basketball and soccer. The <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Crawdads" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport Crawdads">Shreveport Crawdads</a> and Shreveport Storm operated in 1994 and 1995 as members of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Basketball_Association" title="Continental Basketball Association">Continental Basketball Association</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shreveport-Bossier_Mavericks" title="Shreveport-Bossier Mavericks">Shreveport-Bossier Mavericks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Basketball_Association_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="American Basketball Association (2000–present)">American Basketball Association</a> played from 2013 to 2015 before relocating to <a href="/wiki/Owensboro,_Kentucky" title="Owensboro, Kentucky">Owensboro, Kentucky</a>; since 2021, the Mavericks returned as the <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Mavericks" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport Mavericks">Shreveport Mavericks</a> within <a href="/wiki/The_Basketball_League" title="The Basketball League">The Basketball League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The Shreveport/Bossier Lions played in 1998 as affiliates of the <a href="/wiki/United_Soccer_League" title="United Soccer League">United Soccer League</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">NPSL</a>-affiliate <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Rafters_FC" title="Shreveport Rafters FC">Shreveport Rafters FC</a> operated from 2016 to 2018; their expansion team for the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Premier_Soccer_League" title="Women's Premier Soccer League">Women's Premier Soccer League</a> operated for one season in 2017. Shreveport almost had a USL expansion team in 2020 before its rejection by the city council,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> though <a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a> announced the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Goose_SC" title="Blue Goose SC">Blue Goose SC</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The city was also considered as location for an <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>-affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Pelicans" title="New Orleans Pelicans">New Orleans Pelicans</a>. The city council unanimously rejected the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Mudbugs" title="Shreveport Mudbugs">Shreveport Mudbugs</a> are a <a href="/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey#Tier_II" title="Junior ice hockey">Tier II junior ice hockey</a> team that has competed in the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Hockey_League" title="North American Hockey League">North American Hockey League</a> since 2016. On the collegiate front, The <a href="/wiki/Centenary_Gentlemen_and_Ladies" title="Centenary Gentlemen and Ladies">Centenary Gentlemen and Ladies</a> compete in <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference">Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference</a>. The <a href="/wiki/LSU%E2%80%93Shreveport_Pilots" title="LSU–Shreveport Pilots">LSU–Shreveport Pilots</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Athletic_Conference" title="Red River Athletic Conference">Red River Athletic Conference</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shreveport" title="Politics of Shreveport">Politics of Shreveport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_113_(Caddo_Parish_Courthouse).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_113_%28Caddo_Parish_Courthouse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Caddo Parish Courthouse</figcaption></figure> Founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1839, Shreveport is the parish seat of <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo Parish</a>. It is part of the First Judicial District, housing the parish courthouse. It also houses the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal, which consists of nine elected judges representing twenty parishes in Northwest Louisiana. A portion of east Shreveport extends into <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier Parish</a> due to the changing course of the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a>. The city of Shreveport has a <a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">mayor-council government</a>. The elected municipal officials include the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Shreveport, Louisiana">mayor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Arceneaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Arceneaux (page does not exist)">Tom Arceneaux</a>, and seven members of the <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>. Cedric Glover, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Louisiana House of Representatives</a>, was the first African American to hold the mayoral position.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Under the mayor-council government, the mayor serves as the executive officer of the city. As the city's chief administrator and official representative, the mayor is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and <a href="/wiki/Local_ordinance" title="Local ordinance">ordinances</a> are enforced. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> According to the most recent FBI statistics, the total crime rate in Shreveport is 5,722.4 per 100,000 people, or 143.92% higher than the national rate of 2,346.0 per 100,000 people and 62.39% higher than the Louisiana total crime rate of 3,523.8 per 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-HS-142">[142]</a> The violent crime rate in Shreveport is 923.0 per 100,000 people, or 138.01% higher than the national rate of 387.8 per 100,000 people, and 44.35% higher than the Louisiana violent crime rate of 639.4 per 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-HS-142">[142]</a> Shreveport has one of the highest crime rates in <a href="/wiki/America" class="mw-redirect" title="America">America</a> compared to all communities of all sizes—from the smallest towns to the very largest cities. One's chance of becoming a victim of either violent or property crime is 1 in 15. Within Louisiana, more than 93% of the communities had a lower crime rate than Shreveport. <a href="/wiki/NeighborhoodScout" title="NeighborhoodScout">NeighborhoodScout</a> found Shreveport to be one of the top 100 most dangerous cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In the late 1980s, authorities started to track local <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>-based gangs that distributed cocaine out of low-income neighborhoods. The first and the biggest street gang was the 52nd Street Hoover Crips; shortly after LA gangs moved in, gang-related homicides began to rise. Shreveport was the first city in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> to have <a href="/wiki/Crips" title="Crips">Crips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bloods" title="Bloods">Blood</a> gangs.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In 1993, Shreveport hit a peak in murders, with 86 killings. Most of the killings were drug- or gang-related homicides.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2017, Shreveport was placed 18th on 24/7 Wall St.'s list of "America's 25 Murder Capitals."<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Shreveport's crime rate was 71% higher than the Louisiana average. The crime rate was also 149% higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The city had a so-called <a href="/wiki/Sagging_(fashion)" title="Sagging (fashion)">"saggy pants" law</a> since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The city ordinance was repealed by the city council in June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg/220px-C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg/330px-C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg/440px-C.E._Byrd_High_School_from_Kings_Highway_IMG_1382.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C._E._Byrd_High_School" title="C. E. Byrd High School">C. E. Byrd High School</a></figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Public_Schools_(Louisiana)" title="Caddo Public Schools (Louisiana)">Caddo Public Schools (Louisiana)</a></div> Caddo Public Schools is a <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school district</a> based in Shreveport.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The district serves all of Caddo Parish, including the parish's sections of Shreveport.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Its founding superintendent was <a href="/w/index.php?title=C.E._Byrd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C.E. Byrd (page does not exist)">Clifton Ellis Byrd</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> native, who assumed the chief administrative position in 1907 and continued until his death in 1926. <a href="/wiki/C._E._Byrd_High_School" title="C. E. Byrd High School">C. E. Byrd High School</a>, which was established in 1925 on Line Avenue at the intersection with Kings Highway, bears his name. There are a number of private schools in the city as well, including <a href="/wiki/Loyola_College_Prep" title="Loyola College Prep">Loyola College Prep</a>, a coeducational high school founded in 1902 as the all-male St. John's High School. Portions of Shreveport in Bossier Parish are instead within the <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossier Parish School District">Bossier Parish School District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Center_plaza_(Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg/220px-University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg/330px-University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg/440px-University_Center_plaza_%28Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Louisiana State University Shreveport</figcaption></figure> Shreveport has several colleges, including the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Centenary_College_of_Louisiana" title="Centenary College of Louisiana">Centenary College</a> (founded at <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Louisiana" title="Jackson, Louisiana">Jackson, Louisiana</a>, in 1825; relocated to Shreveport in 1908) and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_in_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana State University in Shreveport">Louisiana State University in Shreveport</a>, which opened as a two-year institution in 1967; it became a four-year institution in 1976. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Health_Sciences_Center_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport">Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> in Northern Louisiana, opened in 1969. Shreveport also has one of the largest nursing schools in northern Louisiana, the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_State_University" title="Northwestern State University">Northwestern State University</a> College of Nursing. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Tech_University" title="Louisiana Tech University">Louisiana Tech University</a> at Shreveport-Bossier City was launched in 2012 offering their <a href="/wiki/Executive_MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive MBA">Executive MBA</a> and main campus undergraduate and graduate degree programs at the university's Shreveport Center.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_University_at_Shreveport" title="Southern University at Shreveport">Southern University at Shreveport</a> (SUSLA) offers a two-year <a href="/wiki/Associate%27s_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate's degree">associate's degree</a> program. Founded in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Baptist_University" title="Louisiana Baptist University">Louisiana Baptist University</a> and Theological Seminary is also located in Shreveport, at 6301 Westport Avenue. Both Caddo and Bossier parishes are in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish_Community_College" title="Bossier Parish Community College">Bossier Parish Community College</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Louisiana_Technical_Community_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Louisiana Technical Community College (page does not exist)">Northwest Louisiana Technical Community College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Ayers Career College is a Shreveport-based college that offers career training in the medical and <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> fields.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Since July 2007, Shreveport is home to a local <a href="/wiki/Remington_College" title="Remington College">Remington College</a> campus. This location offers both diploma and degree programs, and is active in the Shreveport community.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_College" title="Virginia College">Virginia College</a> opened in 2012. Located in Shreveport-Bossier City, it offers career training in areas such as business and office, health and medical, and medical billing.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Media in Shreveport, Louisiana">Media in Shreveport, Louisiana</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG/220px-KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG/330px-KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG/440px-KSLA-TV_in_Shreveport_IMG_1582.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KSLA" title="KSLA">KSLA</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Broadcasting Company">CBS</a> affiliate, is the oldest television station in Shreveport. Established in the former Washington Youree Hotel in 1954, it was moved to Fairfield Avenue in the early 1970s.</figcaption></figure>Shreveport and its surrounding area are served by a variety of local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations. The major daily newspaper serving the area is <a href="/wiki/The_Times_(Shreveport)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times (Shreveport)">The Shreveport Times</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> parent <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>. The newspaper's former rival, the afternoon <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Journal" title="Shreveport Journal">Shreveport Journal</a>, ceased publication in 1991. Other major newspapers include <a href="/wiki/The_Shreveport_Sun" title="The Shreveport Sun">The Shreveport Sun</a>, Caddo Citizen, and SB Magazine. The Shreveport Sun is the area's primary <a href="/wiki/African-American_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American newspapers">African American newspaper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Across the Red River, Shreveport's sister city of Bossier City is served by the daily <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Press-Tribune" title="Bossier Press-Tribune">Bossier Press-Tribune</a>. The Barksdale Warrior is the weekly newspaper of record for the <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a>. Alternative publications include The Forum Newsweekly, City Lights, The Inquisitor and The Shreveport Catalyst. Twice annually, <a href="/wiki/North_Louisiana_History" title="North Louisiana History">North Louisiana History</a>, the journal of the North Louisiana Historical Association, is published in Shreveport. Shreveport and Bossier City are primarily served by two major cable television and internet companies: Shreveport is served by <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> and Bossier City is served by <a href="/wiki/Suddenlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Suddenlink">Suddenlink</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Shreveport" title="Transportation in Shreveport">Transportation in Shreveport</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Highways_and_roads">Highways and roads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Highways and roads">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_071_(Texas_Street).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_071_%28Texas_Street%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Texas Street</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shreveport_September_2015_087_(Texas_Avenue).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg/220px-Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg/330px-Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg/440px-Shreveport_September_2015_087_%28Texas_Avenue%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Texas Avenue</figcaption></figure> Shreveport's past reflects the need for mass transit and public roads. As far back as the 1870s, residents used <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a>-<a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">drawn street cars</a> that were converted to electric motorized cars by 1890. <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a> systems in Shreveport flourished for many decades, and rail car lines extended out to rural areas. In 1930 trolleys and rail cars began to be replaced by buses, although motor buses did not finally replace all trolley service until the 1960s. In the 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> came to the area with the construction of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20_in_Louisiana" title="Interstate 20 in Louisiana">Interstate 20</a>. The local public transportation provider, <a href="/wiki/SporTran" class="mw-redirect" title="SporTran">SporTran</a>, provides moderately extensive bus service throughout Shreveport and Bossier City. Sportran operates seven days a week on seventeen bus routes (five night routes) from 6:00 a.m. to 1:00 am, with no night service on Sunday. The highway system has a cross-hair and loop freeway structure similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> cities like <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>. The loop consists of the Outer Loop Freeway <a href="/wiki/Interstate_220_(Louisiana)" title="Interstate 220 (Louisiana)">Interstate 220</a> on the north and the Inner Loop Freeway, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Highway_3132" title="Louisiana Highway 3132">Louisiana Highway 3132</a>, on the south, forming approximately an 8-mile-diameter (13 km) semi-loop around downtown. Another loop is formed by the Bert Kouns Industrial Loop (Louisiana Highway 526) and circles further south, crossing <a href="/wiki/Interstate_49_in_Louisiana" title="Interstate 49 in Louisiana">Interstate 49</a>. I-49 now extends north to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_30" title="Interstate 30">Interstate 30</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, though there is a gap in I-49 within Shreveport. Shreveport lies along the route of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Louisiana" title="Interstate 69 in Louisiana">Interstate 69</a> <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) superhighway that will link Canada, the U.S. industrial <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>, Texas, and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> Shreveport is served by two airports. The larger is <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Regional_Airport" title="Shreveport Regional Airport">Shreveport Regional Airport</a> (SHV), established in 1952, and is served by <a href="/wiki/Allegiant_Air" title="Allegiant Air">Allegiant Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> (as United Express). The smaller airport, <a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Downtown_Airport" title="Shreveport Downtown Airport">Shreveport Downtown Airport</a> (DTN), was built in 1931 and is located north of the Downtown Business District along the Red River. It is currently a general aviation and reliever airport, but was originally Shreveport's commercial airport. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroads">Railroads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Railroads">edit</a>]</div> The Shreveport Waterworks Museum contains the Shreveport Railroad Museum, commemorating area railroad history.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The city had been served until the 1960s by several passenger railroads, at different stations. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Central_Railroad_Station" title="Shreveport Central Railroad Station">Central Station</a> at 1025 Marshall Street served the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_and_Arkansas_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad">Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad</a></li> <li>Texas & Pacific Station at 104 Market Street served the <a href="/wiki/Texas_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Texas and Pacific Railway">Texas and Pacific Railway</a>. Its last trains were unnamed successors to the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Eagle" title="Louisiana Eagle">Louisiana Eagle</a> (Fort Worth-New Orleans) and the Louisiana Daylight. (El Paso-New Orleans)<a href="#cite_note-chicagorailfan.com-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Union_Station" title="Shreveport Union Station">Union Station</a> on Louisiana Avenue at Lake Street had the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Central">Illinois Central</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Limited_(IC_train)" title="Southwestern Limited (IC train)">Southwestern Limited</a> / Northeastern Limited -Shreveport-Meridian, MS), <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_Railway" title="Kansas City Southern Railway">Kansas City Southern Railway</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Belle_(KCS_train)" title="Southern Belle (KCS train)">Southern Belle</a> -Kansas City-New Orleans), <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Southwestern_Railway" title="St. Louis Southwestern Railway">St. Louis Southwestern Railway</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_(SSW_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lone Star (SSW train)">Lone Star</a> -Dallas-Memphis) and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chicagorailfan.com-161">[161]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_installations">Military installations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Military installations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG/220px-Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG/330px-Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG/440px-Barksdale_entrance_IMG_1370.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Barksdale AFB</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base" title="Barksdale Air Force Base">Barksdale Air Force Base</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossier Parish">Bossier Parish</a> across the river from Shreveport, which annexed and donated the land for its construction in the 1920s. Named for pioneer army aviator Lt. <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hoy_Barksdale" title="Eugene Hoy Barksdale">Eugene Hoy Barksdale</a> and originally called Barksdale Army Air Field, it opened in 1933 and became Barksdale Air Force Base in 1947. Headquartered here are the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">Air Force Global Strike Command</a>, 8th Air Force, 2d Bomb Wing, and 307th Wing. The primary aircraft housed here is the Boeing <a href="/wiki/B-52_Stratofortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a>. In earlier years, the base was the home to other famous aircraft, including the <a href="/wiki/B-47_Stratojet" class="mw-redirect" title="B-47 Stratojet">B-47 Stratojet</a>. Shreveport is home to the two <a href="/wiki/108th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">108th Cavalry</a> Squadrons, the reconnaissance element of the <a href="/wiki/256th_Infantry_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="256th Infantry Brigade">256th Infantry Brigade</a>. Three of the squadron's four cavalry troops are located at 400 East Stoner Avenue in a historic armory known as "Fort Humbug". It got the name due to the Confederate Army burning logs to look like cannons and placing them along the Red River. This caused Union ironclad ships sailing north on the Red River to be tricked into turning back south.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="List of people from Shreveport, Louisiana">List of people from Shreveport, Louisiana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana" title="Portal:Louisiana">Louisiana portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston_E._%26_W._T._Ry._Co._v._United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston E. & W. T. Ry. Co. v. United States">Houston E. & W. T. Ry. Co. v. United States</a>, a landmark <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Commerce_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce clause">commerce clause</a> ruling commonly known as "The Shreveport Rate Cases"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mighty_Haag_Circus" title="Mighty Haag Circus">Mighty Haag Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">List of U.S. cities with large Black populations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_22.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_22.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-2"><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2022" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau (December 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications">"2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications"</a>. Federal Register.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Qualifying+Urban+Areas+and+Final+Criteria+Clarifications&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2022%2F12%2F29%2F2022-28286%2F2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProperDemonymShreveport-3"><a href="#cite_ref-ProperDemonymShreveport_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/101073/what-is-the-proper-demonym-for-someone-from-shreveport">"What is the proper demonym for someone from Shreveport?"</a>. Stack Exchange. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213546/https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/101073/what-is-the-proper-demonym-for-someone-from-shreveport">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+proper+demonym+for+someone+from+Shreveport%3F&rft.pub=Stack+Exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F101073%2Fwhat-is-the-proper-demonym-for-someone-from-shreveport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-4"><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">the original</a> on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/profile/Shreveport_city,_Louisiana?g=160XX00US2270000">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved August 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fprofile%2FShreveport_city%2C_Louisiana%3Fg%3D160XX00US2270000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. US Census Bureau. Retrieved March 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock,_Eric_J." class="citation web cs1">Brock, Eric J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219203922/http://www.shreveportchamber.org/history.php">"Shreveport History"</a>. Greater Shreveport Chamber of Commerce. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveportchamber.org/history.php">the original</a> on February 19, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shreveport+History&rft.pub=Greater+Shreveport+Chamber+of+Commerce&rft.au=Brock%2C+Eric+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportchamber.org%2Fhistory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIM-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIM_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIM_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIM_8-2">c</a> The Shreveport Times, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/crime/2017/06/26/police-chief-addresses-shreveports-rising-violent-crime/429447001/">Police Chief Addresses Shreveport's Rising Violent Crime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410231750/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/crime/2017/06/26/police-chief-addresses-shreveports-rising-violent-crime/429447001/">Archived</a> April 10, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, June 26, 2017, retrieved December 16, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2019" class="citation web cs1">May, Gerry (July 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/future-of-fast-internet-pops-up-in-shreveport/article_fce14a30-9d23-11e9-a079-efbea3c21bea.html">"Future of fast internet pops up in Shreveport"</a>. KTBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706204941/https://www.ktbs.com/news/future-of-fast-internet-pops-up-in-shreveport/article_fce14a30-9d23-11e9-a079-efbea3c21bea.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Future+of+fast+internet+pops+up+in+Shreveport&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Ffuture-of-fast-internet-pops-up-in-shreveport%2Farticle_fce14a30-9d23-11e9-a079-efbea3c21bea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/opinion/2018/05/21/development-activity-booming-downtown-shreveport/629950002/">"Development activity is booming in downtown Shreveport"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. Retrieved December 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=Development+activity+is+booming+in+downtown+Shreveport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fopinion%2F2018%2F05%2F21%2Fdevelopment-activity-booming-downtown-shreveport%2F629950002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/new-shreveport-industrial-park-is-shovel-ready/article_4faa26a0-5279-11ea-8248-376004824c9a.html">"New Shreveport industrial park is shovel-ready"</a>. KTBS. February 18, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=New+Shreveport+industrial+park+is+shovel-ready&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-shreveport-industrial-park-is-shovel-ready%2Farticle_4faa26a0-5279-11ea-8248-376004824c9a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/07/06/shreveport-get-24-2-m-grant-fix-high-poverty-neighborhoods/764260002/">"Shreveport to get $24.2M grant to fix high-poverty neighborhoods"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220034048/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/07/06/shreveport-get-24-2-m-grant-fix-high-poverty-neighborhoods/764260002/">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=Shreveport+to+get+%2424.2M+grant+to+fix+high-poverty+neighborhoods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2018%2F07%2F06%2Fshreveport-get-24-2-m-grant-fix-high-poverty-neighborhoods%2F764260002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2020/01/17/forecast-economic-growth-shreveport-is-bright/">"Forecast for economic growth in Shreveport is bright"</a>. www.ksla.com. January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ksla.com&rft.atitle=Forecast+for+economic+growth+in+Shreveport+is+bright&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2020%2F01%2F17%2Fforecast-economic-growth-shreveport-is-bright%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayliss" class="citation web cs1">Bayliss, Deborah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/louisiana/2020/01/16/advanced-aero-services-create-more-than-130-new-jobs-shreveport/4489595002/">"New aviation facility in Shreveport will create more than 130 new jobs"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. Retrieved January 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=New+aviation+facility+in+Shreveport+will+create+more+than+130+new+jobs&rft.aulast=Bayliss&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Flouisiana%2F2020%2F01%2F16%2Fadvanced-aero-services-create-more-than-130-new-jobs-shreveport%2F4489595002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613014755/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/04/18/shreveport-crime-drops-most-categories-police-say/529858002/">"Crime down in Shreveport, police say"</a>. June 13, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/04/18/shreveport-crime-drops-most-categories-police-say/529858002/">the original</a> on June 13, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+down+in+Shreveport%2C+police+say&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2018%2F04%2F18%2Fshreveport-crime-drops-most-categories-police-say%2F529858002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arklatexhomepage.com/news/crime/death-of-assault-victim-clocks-shrevports-87th-of-year-making-2021-shreveports-bloodiest-year-in-history/">"Death of assault victim marks Shrevport's 87th homicide, making 2021 Shreveport's bloodiest year in history"</a>. KTALnews.com. December 19, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTALnews.com&rft.atitle=Death+of+assault+victim+marks+Shrevport%27s+87th+homicide%2C+making+2021+Shreveport%27s+bloodiest+year+in+history&rft.date=2021-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arklatexhomepage.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fdeath-of-assault-victim-clocks-shrevports-87th-of-year-making-2021-shreveports-bloodiest-year-in-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcfloyd" class="citation web cs1">cfloyd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberinnovationcenter.org/rise-of-the-i-20-technology-corridor/">"Rise of the I-20 Technology Corridor"</a>. Cyber Innovation Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403223847/https://cyberinnovationcenter.org/rise-of-the-i-20-technology-corridor/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cyber+Innovation+Center&rft.atitle=Rise+of+the+I-20+Technology+Corridor&rft.au=cfloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberinnovationcenter.org%2Frise-of-the-i-20-technology-corridor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guiceblog.latech.edu/2017/03/11/a-little-silicon-valley-along-the-i-20-cyber-corridor/">"A little Silicon Valley along the I-20 Cyber Corridor"</a>. GuiceBlog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403223843/https://guiceblog.latech.edu/2017/03/11/a-little-silicon-valley-along-the-i-20-cyber-corridor/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GuiceBlog&rft.atitle=A+little+Silicon+Valley+along+the+I-20+Cyber+Corridor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguiceblog.latech.edu%2F2017%2F03%2F11%2Fa-little-silicon-valley-along-the-i-20-cyber-corridor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2019/05/15/gov-edwards-new-center-strengthens-shreveport-bossier-cyber-hub-la/3683386002/">"Gov. Edwards: New center strengthens Shreveport-Bossier as cyber hub of La"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706204939/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2019/05/15/gov-edwards-new-center-strengthens-shreveport-bossier-cyber-hub-la/3683386002/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=Gov.+Edwards%3A+New+center+strengthens+Shreveport-Bossier+as+cyber+hub+of+La.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2019%2F05%2F15%2Fgov-edwards-new-center-strengthens-shreveport-bossier-cyber-hub-la%2F3683386002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/louisiana-governor-launches-first-ever-110000229.html">"Louisiana Governor launches the first ever Cyber Security Education Center in the state with Cybint and BPCC"</a>. finance.yahoo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706204937/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/louisiana-governor-launches-first-ever-110000229.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=finance.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Governor+launches+the+first+ever+Cyber+Security+Education+Center+in+the+state+with+Cybint+and+BPCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Flouisiana-governor-launches-first-ever-110000229.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.honeywell.com/newsroom/pressreleases/2016/06/honeywell-uop-opens-new-catalyst-production-line-at-shreveport-la-facility">"Honeywell UOP Opens New Catalyst Production Line At Shreveport, La. Facility"</a>. Honeywell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403224524/https://www.honeywell.com/newsroom/pressreleases/2016/06/honeywell-uop-opens-new-catalyst-production-line-at-shreveport-la-facility">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honeywell&rft.atitle=Honeywell+UOP+Opens+New+Catalyst+Production+Line+At+Shreveport%2C+La.+Facility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.honeywell.com%2Fnewsroom%2Fpressreleases%2F2016%2F06%2Fhoneywell-uop-opens-new-catalyst-production-line-at-shreveport-la-facility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock,_Eric_J.2006" class="citation web cs1">Brock, Eric J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608103601/http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/history.htm">"Shreveport: a Brief History"</a>. City of Shreveport, Louisiana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/history.htm">the original</a> on June 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shreveport%3A+a+Brief+History&rft.pub=City+of+Shreveport%2C+Louisiana&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Brock%2C+Eric+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.shreveport.la.us%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prime-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prime_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-prime_23-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/2015/05/10/history-mayhem-marked-civil-war-end/27084699/">John Andrew Prime, "Our History: Mayhem marked Civil War's end here"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613021809/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/2015/05/10/history-mayhem-marked-civil-war-end/27084699/">Archived</a> June 13, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Shreveport Times, May 10, 2015; accessed May 5, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ldh.la.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-CH/infectious-epi/Annuals/LaIDAnnual_YellowFever.pdf">"Louisiana Office of Public Health Statistics, page 6"</a> (PDF). Ldh.la.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204032113/http://ldh.la.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-CH/infectious-epi/Annuals/LaIDAnnual_YellowFever.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ldh.la.gov&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Office+of+Public+Health+Statistics%2C+page+6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fldh.la.gov%2Fassets%2Foph%2FCenter-PHCH%2FCenter-CH%2Finfectious-epi%2FAnnuals%2FLaIDAnnual_YellowFever.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oaklandcemeteryla.org/Tour/Tour-Stop-1.aspx">"Tour Stop 1 – Yellow Fever Victims – Tour – Oakland Cemetery – Shreveport – Louisiana – Founded 1847"</a>. Oaklandcemeteryla.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928202518/http://www.oaklandcemeteryla.org/Tour/Tour-Stop-1.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oaklandcemeteryla.org&rft.atitle=Tour+Stop+1+%E2%80%93+Yellow+Fever+Victims+%E2%80%93+Tour+%E2%80%93+Oakland+Cemetery+%E2%80%93+Shreveport+%E2%80%93+Louisiana+%E2%80%93+Founded+1847&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oaklandcemeteryla.org%2FTour%2FTour-Stop-1.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Archives, Diocese of Shreveport </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ2001" class="citation book cs1">J, Brock, Eric (January 31, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy2G-wG-eoAC">Eric Brock's Shreveport</a>. Pelican Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781455603862" title="Special:BookSources/9781455603862"><bdi>9781455603862</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eric+Brock%27s+Shreveport&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing&rft.date=2001-01-31&rft.isbn=9781455603862&rft.aulast=J&rft.aufirst=Brock%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDy2G-wG-eoAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Louisiana_Maneuvers,_The_National_WWII_Museum_New_Orleans-28"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Louisiana_Maneuvers,_The_National_WWII_Museum_New_Orleans_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/louisiana-maneuvers">"The Louisiana Maneuvers: The National WWII Museum New Orleans"</a>. July 11, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003063742/https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/louisiana-maneuvers">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Louisiana+Maneuvers%3A+The+National+WWII+Museum+New+Orleans&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalww2museum.org%2Fwar%2Farticles%2Flouisiana-maneuvers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-holmes-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holmes_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holmes_29-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/local-civil-rights-leaders-look-back-years/article_9f7ba4b9-5dfe-531a-a014-b33b09857bb1.html">Keristen Holmes, "Local Civil Rights Leaders Look Back 50 Years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321154228/https://www.ktbs.com/news/local-civil-rights-leaders-look-back-years/article_9f7ba4b9-5dfe-531a-a014-b33b09857bb1.html">Archived</a> March 21, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, KTBS-TV, September 18, 2013; accessed March 21, 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-galilee-30"><a href="#cite_ref-galilee_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180820191627/https://www.beyondgalilee.com/">"Beyond Galilee: Shreveport and the Struggle for Civil Rights"</a>. Joey Kent & Tim DeWayne. December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beyondgalilee.com/">the original</a> on August 20, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beyond+Galilee%3A+Shreveport+and+the+Struggle+for+Civil+Rights&rft.pub=Joey+Kent+%26+Tim+DeWayne&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeyondgalilee.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ktbstv-31"><a href="#cite_ref-ktbstv_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktbs.com/story/24811348/badge-of-dishonor">"Badge of Dishonor: George D'Artois and his alleged murder plot against Jim Leslie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTBS-TV" title="KTBS-TV">KTBS-TV</a>. February 24, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818083652/http://www.ktbs.com/story/24811348/badge-of-dishonor">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Badge+of+Dishonor%3A+George+D%27Artois+and+his+alleged+murder+plot+against+Jim+Leslie&rft.pub=KTBS-TV&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fstory%2F24811348%2Fbadge-of-dishonor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Negro Band Leader Held in Shreveport". The New York Times. October 9, 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Negro+Band+Leader+Held+in+Shreveport&rft.date=1963-10-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512062326/http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/mayorpr/pr2000/082300.neon.htm">"Notice from City of Shreveport regarding bridge repairs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/mayorpr/pr2000/082300.neon.htm">the original</a> on May 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notice+from+City+of+Shreveport+regarding+bridge+repairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.shreveport.la.us%2Fmayorpr%2Fpr2000%2F082300.neon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707222907/http://www.ncl.org/aac/past_winners/past_winners.html">"Past Winners of the All-America City Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Civic_League" title="National Civic League">National Civic League</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncl.org/aac/past_winners/past_winners.html">the original</a> on July 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Winners+of+the+All-America+City+Award&rft.pub=National+Civic+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncl.org%2Faac%2Fpast_winners%2Fpast_winners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durden-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Durden_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Durden_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurden2015" class="citation web cs1">Durden, Jada (February 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/02/19/ratchet-rap-still-leaves-mark/23666001/">"Ratchet rap still leaves its mark"</a>. Shreveport Times. Retrieved June 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Ratchet+rap+still+leaves+its+mark&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Durden&rft.aufirst=Jada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2015%2F02%2F19%2Fratchet-rap-still-leaves-mark%2F23666001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/03/images/20050311-13_w8n66582jpg-515h.html">"President Discusses Strengthening Social Security in Louisiana"</a>. George W. Bush White House Archives. March 11, 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+W.+Bush+White+House+Archives&rft.atitle=President+Discusses+Strengthening+Social+Security+in+Louisiana&rft.date=2005-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2005%2F03%2Fimages%2F20050311-13_w8n66582jpg-515h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2020/08/12/tomakk-glass-partners-create-new-jobs-shreveport/3358096001/">"Glass company to open facility in Shreveport, will create new jobs"</a>. Shreveport Times. August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Glass+company+to+open+facility+in+Shreveport%2C+will+create+new+jobs&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2020%2F08%2F12%2Ftomakk-glass-partners-create-new-jobs-shreveport%2F3358096001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayliss2020" class="citation web cs1">Bayliss, Deborah (July 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2020/07/31/shreveport-economic-recovery-task-force-unveils-revitalization-plan/5544847002/">"Shreveport Economic Recovery Task force releases revitalization plan"</a>. Shreveport Times. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Shreveport+Economic+Recovery+Task+force+releases+revitalization+plan&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft.aulast=Bayliss&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2020%2F07%2F31%2Fshreveport-economic-recovery-task-force-unveils-revitalization-plan%2F5544847002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Chuck (January 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redriverradio.org/post/council-vote-falls-short-support-cross-bayou-project-mou">"Council Vote Falls Short In Support Of Cross Bayou Project MOU"</a>. Red River Radio. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+River+Radio&rft.atitle=Council+Vote+Falls+Short+In+Support+Of+Cross+Bayou+Project+MOU&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redriverradio.org%2Fpost%2Fcouncil-vote-falls-short-support-cross-bayou-project-mou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScruggsBlackmon2020" class="citation web cs1">Scruggs, Danielle; Blackmon, Charitee (June 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2020/06/19/spd-investigate-possible-attempted-robbery-shooting/">"La. rapper Hurricane Chris posts bond, released from jail"</a>. KSLA 12 News. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA+12+News&rft.atitle=La.+rapper+Hurricane+Chris+posts+bond%2C+released+from+jail&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft.aulast=Scruggs&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft.au=Blackmon%2C+Charitee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2020%2F06%2F19%2Fspd-investigate-possible-attempted-robbery-shooting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Chuck (June 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redriverradio.org/post/black-lives-matter-marchers-hold-peaceful-protest-shreveport">"Black Lives Matter Marchers Hold Peaceful Protest In Shreveport"</a>. Red River Radio. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+River+Radio&rft.atitle=Black+Lives+Matter+Marchers+Hold+Peaceful+Protest+In+Shreveport&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redriverradio.org%2Fpost%2Fblack-lives-matter-marchers-hold-peaceful-protest-shreveport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnfinger2020" class="citation web cs1">Enfinger, Emily (May 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/local/2020/05/31/hundreds-gathered-shreveport-black-lives-matter-protest-march/5299886002/">"Hundreds participate in Shreveport Black Lives Matter march"</a>. Shreveport Times. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Hundreds+participate+in+Shreveport+Black+Lives+Matter+march&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft.aulast=Enfinger&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2020%2F05%2F31%2Fhundreds-gathered-shreveport-black-lives-matter-protest-march%2F5299886002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessfacilities.com/2019/06/cybersecurity-professionals-catching-up-bad-guys/">"Cybersecurity Professionals: Catching Up With The Bad Guys"</a>. Business Facilities. June 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706204943/https://businessfacilities.com/2019/06/cybersecurity-professionals-catching-up-bad-guys/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Facilities&rft.atitle=Cybersecurity+Professionals%3A+Catching+Up+With+The+Bad+Guys&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessfacilities.com%2F2019%2F06%2Fcybersecurity-professionals-catching-up-bad-guys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-dallas-tx-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Dallas, TX and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000348/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-dallas-tx-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Dallas%2C+TX+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-dallas-tx-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Tyler, TX and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000345/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-tyler-tx-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Tyler%2C+TX+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-tyler-tx-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-marshall-tx-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Marshall, TX and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000352/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-marshall-tx-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Marshall%2C+TX+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-marshall-tx-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-little-rock-ar-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Little Rock, AR and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000346/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-little-rock-ar-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Little+Rock%2C+AR+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-little-rock-ar-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-texarkana-ar-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Texarkana, AR and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000350/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-texarkana-ar-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Texarkana%2C+AR+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-texarkana-ar-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-baton-rouge-la-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Baton Rouge, LA and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000347/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-baton-rouge-la-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Baton+Rouge%2C+LA+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-baton-rouge-la-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-monroe-la-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Monroe, LA and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000348/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-monroe-la-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Monroe%2C+LA+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-monroe-la-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-ruston-la-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Ruston, LA and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404000349/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-ruston-la-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Ruston%2C+LA+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-ruston-la-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-minden-la-to-shreveport-la">"Distance between Minden, LA and Shreveport, LA"</a>. Distance between cities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404015638/https://www.distance-cities.com/distance-minden-la-to-shreveport-la">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Distance+between+cities&rft.atitle=Distance+between+Minden%2C+LA+and+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.distance-cities.com%2Fdistance-minden-la-to-shreveport-la&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elevation.maplogs.com/poi/shreveport_la_usa.27140.html">"Worldwide Elevation Finder"</a>. elevation.maplogs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082256/http://elevation.maplogs.com/poi/shreveport_la_usa.27140.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elevation.maplogs.com&rft.atitle=Worldwide+Elevation+Finder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felevation.maplogs.com%2Fpoi%2Fshreveport_la_usa.27140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFData" class="citation web cs1">Data, US Climate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usclimatedata.com/map.php?location=USLA0426">"Map of Shreveport - Louisiana - longitude, altitude - sunset"</a>. usclimatedata.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082235/https://usclimatedata.com/map.php?location=USLA0426">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usclimatedata.com&rft.atitle=Map+of+Shreveport+-+Louisiana+-+longitude%2C+altitude+-+sunset&rft.aulast=Data&rft.aufirst=US+Climate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusclimatedata.com%2Fmap.php%3Flocation%3DUSLA0426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2023-55"><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2023_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_22.txt">"2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_22.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/01/28/shreveport-unveils-2018-street-improvements-plan/1062607001/">"Shreveport unveils 2018 street improvements plan"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404005151/https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2018/01/28/shreveport-unveils-2018-street-improvements-plan/1062607001/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=Shreveport+unveils+2018+street+improvements+plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2018%2F01%2F28%2Fshreveport-unveils-2018-street-improvements-plan%2F1062607001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nws-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nws_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nws_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nws_57-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=shv">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2Fclimate%3Fwfo%3Dshv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI-59"><a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013957&format=pdf">"Station: Shreveport, LA"</a>. U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+2020%3A+U.S.+Monthly+Climate+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=Station%3A+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00013957%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAAsun-60"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAAsun_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72248.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for Shreveport/WSO AP, LA 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved February 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+Shreveport%2FWSO+AP%2C+LA+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP3%2F72248.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2023-61"><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html">"City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2023"</a>. United States Census Bureau. August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+and+Town+Population+Totals%3A+2020%E2%80%932023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US2270000-shreveport-la/">"Census profile: Shreveport, LA"</a>. Census Reporter. Retrieved May 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+Reporter&rft.atitle=Census+profile%3A+Shreveport%2C+LA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusreporter.org%2Fprofiles%2F16000US2270000-shreveport-la%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Shreveport%20city,%20Louisiana%20income&g=1600000US2270000&tid=ACSST1Y2018.S1901&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&layer=place&cid=S1901_C01_001E&vintage=2018">"ACS 2018 Annual Income Estimates"</a>. data.census.gov. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=ACS+2018+Annual+Income+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DShreveport%2520city%2C%2520Louisiana%2520income%26g%3D1600000US2270000%26tid%3DACSST1Y2018.S1901%26t%3DIncome%2520%28Households%2C%2520Families%2C%2520Individuals%29%26layer%3Dplace%26cid%3DS1901_C01_001E%26vintage%3D2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Shreveport%20city,%20Louisiana%20income&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&g=1600000US2270000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S2503">"2020 ACS Financial Estimates"</a>. data.census.gov. Retrieved May 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+ACS+Financial+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DShreveport%2520city%2C%2520Louisiana%2520income%26t%3DIncome%2520%28Households%2C%2520Families%2C%2520Individuals%29%26g%3D1600000US2270000%26tid%3DACSST5Y2020.S2503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Shreveport%20city,%20Louisiana%20income&t=Income%20(Households,%20Families,%20Individuals)&g=1600000US2270000&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1901">"2020 Annual Income Estimates"</a>. data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Annual+Income+Estimates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DShreveport%2520city%2C%2520Louisiana%2520income%26t%3DIncome%2520%28Households%2C%2520Families%2C%2520Individuals%29%26g%3D1600000US2270000%26tid%3DACSST5Y2020.S1901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickfacts-67"><a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212182017/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/shreveportcitylouisiana/PST045219">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Shreveport city, Louisiana"</a>. February 12, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/shreveportcitylouisiana/PST045219">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Shreveport+city%2C+Louisiana&rft.date=2020-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fshreveportcitylouisiana%2FPST045219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000CensusP004-68"><a href="#cite_ref-2000CensusP004_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=160XX00US2270000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004">"P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Shreveport city, Louisiana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P004+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2000%3A+DEC+Summary+File+1+%E2%80%93+Shreveport+city%2C+Louisiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp004%26g%3D160XX00US2270000%26tid%3DDECENNIALSF12000.P004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-69"><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2270000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shreveport city, Louisiana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2010%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Shreveport+city%2C+Louisiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US2270000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2010.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusP2-70"><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusP2_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US2270000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Shreveport city, Louisiana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P2+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Shreveport+city%2C+Louisiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US2270000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusviewer.com/city/LA/Shreveport/2010">"2010 Census Population of Shreveport, Louisiana - CensusViewer"</a>. censusviewer.com. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusviewer.com&rft.atitle=2010+Census+Population+of+Shreveport%2C+Louisiana+-+CensusViewer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusviewer.com%2Fcity%2FLA%2FShreveport%2F2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelson2021" class="citation web cs1">Adelson, Jeff (August 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/business/census-2020-s-la-parishes-grew-northern-rural-parishes-decline/article_8dae0d58-fb9d-11eb-9bef-3f5aee4c05fe.html">"Census 2020: S La. parishes grew, northern, rural parishes decline"</a>. KTBS. Retrieved February 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Census+2020%3A+S+La.+parishes+grew%2C+northern%2C+rural+parishes+decline&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft.aulast=Adelson&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcensus-2020-s-la-parishes-grew-northern-rural-parishes-decline%2Farticle_8dae0d58-fb9d-11eb-9bef-3f5aee4c05fe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-73"><a href="#cite_ref-:11_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2270000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"Explore Census Data"</a>. data.census.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US2270000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58195166">"US census: Hispanic and Asian-American driving US population growth"</a>. BBC News. August 12, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+census%3A+Hispanic+and+Asian-American+driving+US+population+growth&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-58195166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-75"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/louisiana/shreveport">"Shreveport, Louisiana Religion"</a>. Bestplaces.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180829072718/https://www.bestplaces.net/religion/city/louisiana/shreveport">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bestplaces.net&rft.atitle=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana+Religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestplaces.net%2Freligion%2Fcity%2Flouisiana%2Fshreveport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgency" class="citation web cs1">Agency, Mere. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churches.sbc.net/">"SBC Churches Directory"</a>. Southern Baptist Convention. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Baptist+Convention&rft.atitle=SBC+Churches+Directory&rft.aulast=Agency&rft.aufirst=Mere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurches.sbc.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1639">"Maps and data files for 2020"</a>. United States Religion Census. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Religion+Census&rft.atitle=Maps+and+data+files+for+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usreligioncensus.org%2Findex.php%2Fnode%2F1639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413050031/https://www.umc.org/en/find-a-church/search">"Search - Find A Church"</a>. The United Methodist Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umc.org/en/find-a-church/search">the original</a> on April 13, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+Methodist+Church&rft.atitle=Search+-+Find+A+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fen%2Ffind-a-church%2Fsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioshpt.org/">"Official Website for the Catholic Diocese of Shreveport -"</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Website+for+the+Catholic+Diocese+of+Shreveport+-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioshpt.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/la/caddo/bios/medodd.txt">"Monroe Elmon Dodd, Brazil, TN., then Caddo Parish, Louisiana"</a>. 1999–2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monroe+Elmon+Dodd%2C+Brazil%2C+TN.%2C+then+Caddo+Parish%2C+Louisiana&rft.date=1999%2F2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles.usgwarchives.net%2Fla%2Fcaddo%2Fbios%2Fmedodd.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baptistmessage.com/northwest-baptist-association-calls-wayne-dubose-as-dom/">"Northwest Baptist Association calls Wayne DuBose as DOM"</a>. Baptist Message. March 28, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baptist+Message&rft.atitle=Northwest+Baptist+Association+calls+Wayne+DuBose+as+DOM&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaptistmessage.com%2Fnorthwest-baptist-association-calls-wayne-dubose-as-dom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/arklatex-indepth/civil-rights-champion-and-pastor-harry-blake-retires-after-52-years-in-the-pulpit/article_3ce02236-afd7-11e8-bc43-77d6b6135265.html">"Civil rights champion and Pastor Harry Blake retires after 52 years in the pulpit"</a>. KTBS. September 3, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Civil+rights+champion+and+Pastor+Harry+Blake+retires+after+52+years+in+the+pulpit&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Farklatex-indepth%2Fcivil-rights-champion-and-pastor-harry-blake-retires-after-52-years-in-the-pulpit%2Farticle_3ce02236-afd7-11e8-bc43-77d6b6135265.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridges2020" class="citation web cs1">Bridges, Tyler (April 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/coronavirus/article_a327feb6-7b6d-11ea-8111-4f441e4407e0.html">"Rev. Harry Blake, Louisiana civil rights icon from Shreveport, dies at 85: 'He was a giant'"</a>. The Advocate. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Rev.+Harry+Blake%2C+Louisiana+civil+rights+icon+from+Shreveport%2C+dies+at+85%3A+%27He+was+a+giant%27&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theadvocate.com%2Fbaton_rouge%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus%2Farticle_a327feb6-7b6d-11ea-8111-4f441e4407e0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelborn2016" class="citation web cs1">Welborn, Vickie (June 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/civil-rights-icon-rev-e-edward-jones-dies/article_d8fea9c0-008e-5a7a-b738-500491a9ce02.html">"Civil rights icon Rev. E. Edward Jones dies"</a>. KTBS. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Civil+rights+icon+Rev.+E.+Edward+Jones+dies&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft.aulast=Welborn&rft.aufirst=Vickie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fcivil-rights-icon-rev-e-edward-jones-dies%2Farticle_d8fea9c0-008e-5a7a-b738-500491a9ce02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/steeple-man-on-miracle-after-the-miracle/">""Steeple Man" on "Miracle After the Miracle""</a>. cbsnews.com. CBS News. October 29, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423103604/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/steeple-man-on-miracle-after-the-miracle/">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=%22Steeple+Man%22+on+%22Miracle+After+the+Miracle%22&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsteeple-man-on-miracle-after-the-miracle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/first-united-methodist-church-steeple/article_a08f2bb4-60e6-5691-81e3-a88d29b5312c.html">"First United Methodist Church Steeple"</a>. ktbs.com. KTBS. April 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ktbs.com&rft.atitle=First+United+Methodist+Church+Steeple&rft.date=2012-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-united-methodist-church-steeple%2Farticle_a08f2bb4-60e6-5691-81e3-a88d29b5312c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-umc.org/churchhistorydetail/849685">"Noel Memorial UMC"</a>. Louisiana UMC. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Louisiana+UMC&rft.atitle=Noel+Memorial+UMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-umc.org%2Fchurchhistorydetail%2F849685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/first-united-methodist-church-votes-to-leave-denomination/article_e7e742ae-dcaf-11ed-b244-ef27a12389c8.html">"First United Methodist Church votes to leave denomination"</a>. KTBS. April 17, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=First+United+Methodist+Church+votes+to+leave+denomination&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-united-methodist-church-votes-to-leave-denomination%2Farticle_e7e742ae-dcaf-11ed-b244-ef27a12389c8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Historical marker, Holy Trinity Catholic Church, Shreveport </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock2005" class="citation book cs1">Brock, Eric J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-30dU8_8Rc8C&q=St.+Mark%27s+Cathedral+%28Shreveport%2C+Louisiana%29+history&pg=PA81">Shreveport in Vintage Postcards</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1746-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-1746-9"><bdi>978-0-7385-1746-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shreveport+in+Vintage+Postcards&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-1746-9&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-30dU8_8Rc8C%26q%3DSt.%2BMark%2527s%2BCathedral%2B%2528Shreveport%252C%2BLouisiana%2529%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.episcopalchurch.org/glossary/western-louisiana-diocese">"Western Louisiana Diocese"</a>. Library of the Episcopal Church USA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+the+Episcopal+Church+USA&rft.atitle=Western+Louisiana+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.episcopalchurch.org%2Fglossary%2Fwestern-louisiana-diocese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> AG Church Directory <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711031105/http://ag.org/top/church_directory/index.cfm?Display=Yes&churchdetail=23d6916b-757b-46cd-bde1-cc6024c26bea">"Assemblies of God Church Directory"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ag.org/top/church_directory/index.cfm?Display%3DYes%26churchdetail%3D23d6916b-757b-46cd-bde1-cc6024c26bea">the original</a> on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assemblies+of+God+Church+Directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fag.org%2Ftop%2Fchurch_directory%2Findex.cfm%3FDisplay%253DYes%2526churchdetail%253D23d6916b-757b-46cd-bde1-cc6024c26bea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laaog.org/churches">"Find a Louisiana AG Network Church"</a>. LA Ministry Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705174842/https://www.laaog.org/churches">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LA+Ministry+Network&rft.atitle=Find+a+Louisiana+AG+Network+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laaog.org%2Fchurches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212185814/http://www.arklatexweekend.com/be-enlightend-by-songs-of-the-season/">"Songs of the Season, Christmas Musical Extravaganza"</a>. Ark-La-Tex Weekend. December 2, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arklatexweekend.com/be-enlightend-by-songs-of-the-season/">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ark-La-Tex+Weekend&rft.atitle=Songs+of+the+Season%2C+Christmas+Musical+Extravaganza&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arklatexweekend.com%2Fbe-enlightend-by-songs-of-the-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Robert J. (December 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://710keel.com/sccs-songs-of-the-season-expecting-record-crowds-video/">"SCC's 'Songs of the Season' Expecting Record Crowds"</a>. News Radio 710 KEEL. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Radio+710+KEEL&rft.atitle=SCC%27s+%27Songs+of+the+Season%27+Expecting+Record+Crowds&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F710keel.com%2Fsccs-songs-of-the-season-expecting-record-crowds-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gosaintgeorge.org/about/">"St. George Greek Orthodox Church"</a>. Gosaintgeorge.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053505/http://www.gosaintgeorge.org/about/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gosaintgeorge.org&rft.atitle=St.+George+Greek+Orthodox+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gosaintgeorge.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stnicholasorthodox.org/history.html">"History of Our Parish"</a>. www.stnicholasorthodox.org. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stnicholasorthodox.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Our+Parish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stnicholasorthodox.org%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Brock, Eric J.: The Jewish Community of Shreveport. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing Co., 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-99"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveportnews.com/shreveport_news/look-religion-shreveport-bossier-city/">"A Look at Religion in Shreveport-Bossier City - Shreveport News"</a>. Shreveport News. June 8, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180829072346/https://www.shreveportnews.com/shreveport_news/look-religion-shreveport-bossier-city/">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+News&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+Religion+in+Shreveport-Bossier+City+-+Shreveport+News&rft.date=2014-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportnews.com%2Fshreveport_news%2Flook-religion-shreveport-bossier-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120828/AUTO0103/208280442">"GM's Shreveport Plant Closes"</a>. Detroit News. August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detroit+News&rft.atitle=GM%27s+Shreveport+Plant+Closes&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.detroitnews.com%2Farticle%2F20120828%2FAUTO0103%2F208280442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-Klayman-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Klayman_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlayman2013" class="citation news cs1">Klayman, Ben (January 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trust-formergmplant-idUSBRE9020M420130103">"Maker of high-mileage 3-wheel vehicles leases former GM plant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Detroit: <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104014805/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/03/us-trust-formergmplant-idUSBRE9020M420130103">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Maker+of+high-mileage+3-wheel+vehicles+leases+former+GM+plant&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft.aulast=Klayman&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-trust-formergmplant-idUSBRE9020M420130103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/former-avaya-att-facility-gets-new-life-as-mansfield-warehouse/article_0ecc9706-b9d5-11e7-887f-338fd6d3076e.html">"Former Avaya/ATT facility gets new life as Mansfield Warehouse, welcomes new tenant"</a>. KTBS. October 25, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026052634/https://www.ktbs.com/news/former-avaya-att-facility-gets-new-life-as-mansfield-warehouse/article_0ecc9706-b9d5-11e7-887f-338fd6d3076e.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Former+Avaya%2FATT+facility+gets+new+life+as+Mansfield+Warehouse%2C+welcomes+new+tenant&rft.date=2017-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fformer-avaya-att-facility-gets-new-life-as-mansfield-warehouse%2Farticle_0ecc9706-b9d5-11e7-887f-338fd6d3076e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poulanpro.com/us/support/company-history/">"Company History"</a>. Poulan Pro.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poulan+Pro&rft.atitle=Company+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poulanpro.com%2Fus%2Fsupport%2Fcompany-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bestplaces.net/economy/city/louisiana/shreveport">"Shreveport, Louisiana Economy"</a>. Bestplaces.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000616/https://www.bestplaces.net/economy/city/louisiana/shreveport">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bestplaces.net&rft.atitle=Shreveport%2C+Louisiana+Economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestplaces.net%2Feconomy%2Fcity%2Flouisiana%2Fshreveport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/employment-by-major-industry-sector.htm">"Employment by major industry sector : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"</a>. Bls.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011003632/https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/employment-by-major-industry-sector.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bls.gov&rft.atitle=Employment+by+major+industry+sector+%3A+U.S.+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Femp%2Ftables%2Femployment-by-major-industry-sector.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/bossier-city-casino-hotel-closes-doors-permanently/article_3ce5639e-96d6-11ea-8684-1bafc9356d9c.html">"Bossier City casino, hotel closes doors permanently"</a>. KTBS. May 15, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Bossier+City+casino%2C+hotel+closes+doors+permanently&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fbossier-city-casino-hotel-closes-doors-permanently%2Farticle_3ce5639e-96d6-11ea-8684-1bafc9356d9c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2020/05/15/bossier-city-loses-million-tax-revenue-due-diamondjacks-casino-closing/">"Bossier City loses $1.5 million in tax revenue due to DiamondJacks Casino closing"</a>. KSLA 12. May 16, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA+12&rft.atitle=Bossier+City+loses+%241.5+million+in+tax+revenue+due+to+DiamondJacks+Casino+closing&rft.date=2020-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2020%2F05%2F15%2Fbossier-city-loses-million-tax-revenue-due-diamondjacks-casino-closing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2021" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Rachael Thomas, Tayler (May 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2021/05/06/amazon-distribution-center-reportedly-coming-shreveport/">"Amazon distribution center reportedly coming to Shreveport"</a>. KSLA. Retrieved May 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=Amazon+distribution+center+reportedly+coming+to+Shreveport&rft.date=2021-05-07&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rachael+Thomas%2C+Tayler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2021%2F05%2F06%2Famazon-distribution-center-reportedly-coming-shreveport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Rachael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2021/05/06/gov-edwards-make-major-economic-announcement-shreveport-friday/">"WATCH LIVE: Amazon robotics fulfillment center coming to Shreveport, Gov. Edwards announces"</a>. KSLA. Retrieved May 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=WATCH+LIVE%3A+Amazon+robotics+fulfillment+center+coming+to+Shreveport%2C+Gov.+Edwards+announces&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2021%2F05%2F06%2Fgov-edwards-make-major-economic-announcement-shreveport-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/200m-shreveport-amazon-fulfillment-center-announced/article_561ff4cc-af09-11eb-a0fb-b36042f61225.html">"$200M Shreveport Amazon fulfillment center announced"</a>. KTBS. May 7, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=%24200M+Shreveport+Amazon+fulfillment+center+announced&rft.date=2021-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2F200m-shreveport-amazon-fulfillment-center-announced%2Farticle_561ff4cc-af09-11eb-a0fb-b36042f61225.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2021" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Robert J. (December 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://710keel.com/3-big-reasons-the-shreveport-bossier-economy-is-about-to-explode/">"3 Big Reasons the Shreveport, Bossier Economy is About to Explode"</a>. News Radio 710 KEEL. Retrieved May 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Radio+710+KEEL&rft.atitle=3+Big+Reasons+the+Shreveport%2C+Bossier+Economy+is+About+to+Explode&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F710keel.com%2F3-big-reasons-the-shreveport-bossier-economy-is-about-to-explode%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/video/2023/10/27/second-amazon-facility-is-coming-shreveport/">"A second Amazon facility is coming to Shreveport"</a>, KSLA, October 27, 2023, retrieved December 14, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=A+second+Amazon+facility+is+coming+to+Shreveport&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2Fvideo%2F2023%2F10%2F27%2Fsecond-amazon-facility-is-coming-shreveport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonFranklin2023" class="citation web cs1">Dawson, Daffney; Franklin, Jasmine (October 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2023/10/27/amazon-build-2nd-facility-shreveport/">"Amazon to build 2nd facility in Shreveport"</a>. KSLA. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=Amazon+to+build+2nd+facility+in+Shreveport&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Daffney&rft.au=Franklin%2C+Jasmine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2023%2F10%2F27%2Famazon-build-2nd-facility-shreveport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xxlmag.com/50-cent-opens-g-unit-film-television-studio-louisiana/">"50 Cent Opens G-Unit Films and Television Studio in Louisiana"</a>. XXL Mag. December 13, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=XXL+Mag&rft.atitle=50+Cent+Opens+G-Unit+Films+and+Television+Studio+in+Louisiana&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xxlmag.com%2F50-cent-opens-g-unit-film-television-studio-louisiana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktalnews.com/news/top-stories/50-cent-excited-to-get-started-on-production-facility-in-shreveport-council-authorizes-lease/">"50 Cent 'excited to get started' on G-Unit Studios in Shreveport; city authorizes lease"</a>. KTALnews.com. December 13, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTALnews.com&rft.atitle=50+Cent+%27excited+to+get+started%27+on+G-Unit+Studios+in+Shreveport%3B+city+authorizes+lease&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktalnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-stories%2F50-cent-excited-to-get-started-on-production-facility-in-shreveport-council-authorizes-lease%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/city-council-aproves-millennium-studios-lease-to-curtis-50-cent-jackson/article_80c6e804-996a-11ee-b73e-cba49cc510af.html">"City Council aproves Millennium Studios lease to Curtis '50 Cent' Jackson"</a>. KTBS. December 12, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=City+Council+aproves+Millennium+Studios+lease+to+Curtis+%2750+Cent%27+Jackson&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fcity-council-aproves-millennium-studios-lease-to-curtis-50-cent-jackson%2Farticle_80c6e804-996a-11ee-b73e-cba49cc510af.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hot97.com/hot-news/50-cent-opens-g-unit-films-and-television-studio-in-louisiana">"50 Cent Opens G-Unit Films And Television Studio In Louisiana"</a>. www.hot97.com. December 13, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hot97.com&rft.atitle=50+Cent+Opens+G-Unit+Films+And+Television+Studio+In+Louisiana&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hot97.com%2Fhot-news%2F50-cent-opens-g-unit-films-and-television-studio-in-louisiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/mall-st-vincent-feels-ripple-effect-as-retailers-struggle-nationwide/article_4e4c096e-7314-11e7-951d-3b3827bc9614.html">"Mall St. Vincent Still Struggling Despite Facelift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTBS" class="mw-redirect" title="KTBS">KTBS</a> TV. July 27, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mall+St.+Vincent+Still+Struggling+Despite+Facelift&rft.pub=KTBS+TV&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fmall-st-vincent-feels-ripple-effect-as-retailers-struggle-nationwide%2Farticle_4e4c096e-7314-11e7-951d-3b3827bc9614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://710keel.com/mall-st-vincent-still-struggling-despite-facelift/">"Mall St. Vincent Still Struggling Despite Facelift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KEEL" title="KEEL">KEEL</a> Radio. July 28, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161026/http://710keel.com/mall-st-vincent-still-struggling-despite-facelift/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mall+St.+Vincent+Still+Struggling+Despite+Facelift&rft.pub=KEEL+Radio&rft.date=2017-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F710keel.com%2Fmall-st-vincent-still-struggling-despite-facelift%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2015/04/27/best-cities-start-business/">"Here Are The Best Cities To Start Your Own Business"</a>. Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421233401/http://fortune.com/2015/04/27/best-cities-start-business/">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Here+Are+The+Best+Cities+To+Start+Your+Own+Business&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2015%2F04%2F27%2Fbest-cities-start-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrell" class="citation web cs1">Ferrell, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/money/business/2020/12/30/shreveports-libbey-glass-plant-say-goodbye/4093248001/">"Shreveport's Libbey Glass plant reaches the end with its closure"</a>. Shreveport Times. Retrieved June 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=Shreveport%27s+Libbey+Glass+plant+reaches+the+end+with+its+closure&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2Fbusiness%2F2020%2F12%2F30%2Fshreveports-libbey-glass-plant-say-goodbye%2F4093248001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamenetz,_Anya2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kamenetz, Anya (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/118/the-short-shady-history-of-hollywood-south.html">"The Short, Shady History of Hollywood South"</a>. Fast Company (118). Mansueto Ventures LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210062044/http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/118/the-short-shady-history-of-hollywood-south.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=The+Short%2C+Shady+History+of+Hollywood+South&rft.issue=118&rft.date=2007-09&rft.au=Kamenetz%2C+Anya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2Fmagazine%2F118%2Fthe-short-shady-history-of-hollywood-south.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617200919/http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/pictures/soundstages.htm">"Sound Stages/Infrastructure"</a>. City of Shreveport, Louisiana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.shreveport.la.us/pictures/soundstages.htm">the original</a> on June 17, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sound+Stages%2FInfrastructure&rft.pub=City+of+Shreveport%2C+Louisiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.shreveport.la.us%2Fpictures%2Fsoundstages.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/imeekpo/2024/04/20/50-cent-debuts-g-unit-studios-in-shreveport-and-is-honored-with-key-to-the-city/">"50 Cent Debuts G-Unit Studios in Shreveport and is Honored with Key to the City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=50+Cent+Debuts+G-Unit+Studios+in+Shreveport+and+is+Honored+with+Key+to+the+City&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fimeekpo%2F2024%2F04%2F20%2F50-cent-debuts-g-unit-studios-in-shreveport-and-is-honored-with-key-to-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academyofchildrenstheatrela.com/">"act-louisiana"</a>. act-louisiana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530195414/https://www.academyofchildrenstheatrela.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=act-louisiana&rft.atitle=act-louisiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academyofchildrenstheatrela.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshloungeshreveport.com/about-us/">"J.O.S.H. – J.O.S.H. Lounge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.O.S.H.+%E2%80%93+J.O.S.H.+Lounge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joshloungeshreveport.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2022" class="citation news cs1">Swaine, Liz (December 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/entertainment/2021/12/23/5-things-do-downtown-shreveport-december-23/8976578002/">"5 things to do in downtown Shreveport for the holidays"</a>. Shreveport Times. USA Today.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=5+things+to+do+in+downtown+Shreveport+for+the+holidays&rft.date=2022-12-22&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2F2021%2F12%2F23%2F5-things-do-downtown-shreveport-december-23%2F8976578002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://downtownshreveport.com/business/josh-lounge-3/">"Downtown Business Listing"</a>. Downtown Shreveport. Shreveport Downtown Development Authority.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Downtown+Shreveport&rft.atitle=Downtown+Business+Listing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdowntownshreveport.com%2Fbusiness%2Fjosh-lounge-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveport-bossier.org/listing/j-o-s-h-lounge/2246/">"Things to do in Shreveport-Bossier"</a>. Shreveport-Bossier Louisiana's Other Side. Shreveport-Bossier Convention and Tourist Bureau.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport-Bossier+Louisiana%27s+Other+Side&rft.atitle=Things+to+do+in+Shreveport-Bossier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveport-bossier.org%2Flisting%2Fj-o-s-h-lounge%2F2246%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millennium-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Millennium_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner-Neal2021" class="citation web cs1">Turner-Neal, Chris (February 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://64parishes.org/once-in-a-millennium-moon">"Once in a Millennium Moon"</a>. 64 Parishes. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=64+Parishes&rft.atitle=Once+in+a+Millennium+Moon&rft.date=2021-02-27&rft.aulast=Turner-Neal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F64parishes.org%2Fonce-in-a-millennium-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveporthouseconcerts.org/">"Shreveport House Concert Series - We're here to share great live music with our friends"</a>. Shreveporthouseconcerts.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114254/http://www.shreveporthouseconcerts.org/">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveporthouseconcerts.org&rft.atitle=Shreveport+House+Concert+Series+-+We%27re+here+to+share+great+live+music+with+our+friends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporthouseconcerts.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveportlittletheatre.com/">"Welcome to The Shreveport Little Theatre"</a>. Shreveportlittletheatre.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615134825/http://www.shreveportlittletheatre.com/">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveportlittletheatre.com&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+The+Shreveport+Little+Theatre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveportlittletheatre.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Brock, Eric J.: "Mardi Gras Grows, But Fizzled Earlier," The Times. February 17, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/sn/20071228/sp_sn/shreveportthegrandaddyofbadbowlgames">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arklatexhomepage.com/sports/local-sports/shreveport-mavericks-win-home-opener/">"Shreveport Mavericks win home opener"</a>. ArkLaTexHomepage. April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArkLaTexHomepage&rft.atitle=Shreveport+Mavericks+win+home+opener&rft.date=2021-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arklatexhomepage.com%2Fsports%2Flocal-sports%2Fshreveport-mavericks-win-home-opener%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2021" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, Kaitlyn (April 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/2021/04/11/shreveport-mavericks-secure-first-win-season/">"Shreveport Mavericks secure first win of the season"</a>. KSLA. Retrieved April 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSLA&rft.atitle=Shreveport+Mavericks+secure+first+win+of+the+season&rft.date=2021-04-11&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Kaitlyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2F2021%2F04%2F11%2Fshreveport-mavericks-secure-first-win-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayliss" class="citation web cs1">Bayliss, Deborah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2020/01/13/cross-bayou-point-project-shreveport-faces-legal-hurdle/4454391002/">"City Councilman calls Cross Bayou Point lawsuit 'a bunch of malarkey'"</a>. Shreveport Times. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shreveport+Times&rft.atitle=City+Councilman+calls+Cross+Bayou+Point+lawsuit+%27a+bunch+of+malarkey%27&rft.aulast=Bayliss&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2020%2F01%2F13%2Fcross-bayou-point-project-shreveport-faces-legal-hurdle%2F4454391002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2022" class="citation web cs1">Staff, USLLeagueTwo com (January 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/news_article/show/1203083-united-soccer-league-welcomes-blue-goose-soccer-club-to-league-two-for-the-2022-season">"United Soccer League Welcomes Blue Goose Soccer Club to League Two for the 2022 Season"</a>. USL League Two. Retrieved February 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USL+League+Two&rft.atitle=United+Soccer+League+Welcomes+Blue+Goose+Soccer+Club+to+League+Two+for+the+2022+Season&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=USLLeagueTwo+com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uslleaguetwo.com%2Fnews_article%2Fshow%2F1203083-united-soccer-league-welcomes-blue-goose-soccer-club-to-league-two-for-the-2022-season&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2017" class="citation web cs1">Schmidt, Dakota (September 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ridiculousupside.com/2017/9/13/16304326/shreveport-denies-arena-for-g-league-team-pensacola-sits-as-favorite-nba-pelicans">"Shreveport Denies Arena For Pelicans G League Team; Pensacola Sits As Favorite"</a>. Ridiculous Upside. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ridiculous+Upside&rft.atitle=Shreveport+Denies+Arena+For+Pelicans+G+League+Team%3B+Pensacola+Sits+As+Favorite&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ridiculousupside.com%2F2017%2F9%2F13%2F16304326%2Fshreveport-denies-arena-for-g-league-team-pensacola-sits-as-favorite-nba-pelicans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksla.com/story/5735412/inauguration-of-cedric-bradford-glover-as-mayor-of-shreveport">"INAUGURATION OF CEDRIC BRADFORD GLOVER AS MAYOR OF SHREVEPORT"</a>. www.ksla.com. November 28, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ksla.com&rft.atitle=INAUGURATION+OF+CEDRIC+BRADFORD+GLOVER+AS+MAYOR+OF+SHREVEPORT&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksla.com%2Fstory%2F5735412%2Finauguration-of-cedric-bradford-glover-as-mayor-of-shreveport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2017" class="citation web cs1">White, Lamar Jr. (October 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayoubrief.com/2017/10/17/a-white-sheriffs-portrait-of-the-citys-first-black-mayor/">"A White Sheriff's Portrait of the City's First Black Mayor"</a>. Bayou Brief. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bayou+Brief&rft.atitle=A+White+Sheriff%27s+Portrait+of+the+City%27s+First+Black+Mayor&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Lamar+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayoubrief.com%2F2017%2F10%2F17%2Fa-white-sheriffs-portrait-of-the-citys-first-black-mayor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HS-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HS_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HS_142-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homesnacks.com/la/shreveport-crime/">Shreveport, LA Crime Statistics For 2022</a>, HomeSnacks.com, published April 7, 2022, retrieved May 26, 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/la/shreveport/crime">"Shreveport Crime Rates and Statistics"</a>. Neighborhoodscout.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042727/https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/la/shreveport/crime">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neighborhoodscout.com&rft.atitle=Shreveport+Crime+Rates+and+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighborhoodscout.com%2Fla%2Fshreveport%2Fcrime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-09-me-265-story.html">"Suspect in L.A. Drive-By Shooting in 1988 Killed in Louisiana : Gangs: Killings in Shreveport have been on the rise. The latest fatality is seen as additional evidence that the violence may have its origins in Southern California "</a>. February 9, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530195416/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-09-me-265-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspect+in+L.A.+Drive-By+Shooting+in+1988+Killed+in+Louisiana+%3A+Gangs%3A+Killings+in+Shreveport+have+been+on+the+rise.+The+latest+fatality+is+seen+as+additional+evidence+that+the+violence+may+have+its+origins+in+Southern+California+.&rft.date=1990-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-02-09-me-265-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-04-mn-476-story.html">"COLUMN ONE : When L.A. Gangs Move In : How three smaller communities across the U.S. coped when gang culture moved in. Drug-dealing and violence usually weren't far behind"</a>. February 4, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530195413/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-04-mn-476-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COLUMN+ONE+%3A+When+L.A.+Gangs+Move+In+%3A+How+three+smaller+communities+across+the+U.S.+coped+when+gang+culture+moved+in.+Drug-dealing+and+violence+usually+weren%27t+far+behind.&rft.date=1990-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-02-04-mn-476-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachi2013" class="citation web cs1">Machi, Sara (June 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktbs.com/news/shreveport-s-recent-rash-of-homicides-still-down-from-peak/article_6344048c-e8d4-5323-94e0-2409a39be3c0.html">"Shreveport's recent rash of homicides still down from 1993 peak"</a>. KTBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KTBS&rft.atitle=Shreveport%27s+recent+rash+of+homicides+still+down+from+1993+peak&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Machi&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktbs.com%2Fnews%2Fshreveport-s-recent-rash-of-homicides-still-down-from-peak%2Farticle_6344048c-e8d4-5323-94e0-2409a39be3c0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComen2017" class="citation web cs1">Comen, Evan (November 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://247wallst.com/special-report/2017/11/13/americas-25-murder-capitals-2/3/">"America's 25 Murder Capitals – Page 3"</a>. 24/7 Wall St. Retrieved June 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=24%2F7+Wall+St.&rft.atitle=America%27s+25+Murder+Capitals+%E2%80%93+Page+3&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.aulast=Comen&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F247wallst.com%2Fspecial-report%2F2017%2F11%2F13%2Famericas-25-murder-capitals-2%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.areavibes.com/shreveport-la/crime/">"Shreveport, LA Crime Rates & Crime Map"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AreaVibes" title="AreaVibes">AreaVibes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044057/https://www.areavibes.com/shreveport-la/crime/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AreaVibes&rft.atitle=Shreveport%2C+LA+Crime+Rates+%26+Crime+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.areavibes.com%2Fshreveport-la%2Fcrime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinbuch2019" class="citation web cs1">Steinbuch, Yaron (May 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2019/05/29/louisiana-city-reevaluates-saggy-pants-law-after-mans-death/">"Louisiana city re-evaluates 'saggy pants' law after man's death"</a>. New York Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530194400/https://nypost.com/2019/05/29/louisiana-city-reevaluates-saggy-pants-law-after-mans-death/">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Louisiana+city+re-evaluates+%27saggy+pants%27+law+after+man%27s+death&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft.aulast=Steinbuch&rft.aufirst=Yaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2019%2F05%2F29%2Flouisiana-city-reevaluates-saggy-pants-law-after-mans-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shreveporttimes.com/story/news/2019/06/11/sagging-pants-law-abolished-shreveport/1425135001/">"Sagging pants law abolished in Shreveport"</a>. shreveporttimes.com. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveporttimes.com&rft.atitle=Sagging+pants+law+abolished+in+Shreveport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shreveporttimes.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2019%2F06%2F11%2Fsagging-pants-law-abolished-shreveport%2F1425135001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803174006/https://www.caddoschools.org/caddo-schools-leadership/">"Caddo Schools Leadership"</a>. Caddo Parish Public Schools. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caddoschools.org/caddo-schools-leadership/">the original</a> on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caddo+Parish+Public+Schools&rft.atitle=Caddo+Schools+Leadership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caddoschools.org%2Fcaddo-schools-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22017_caddo/DC20SD_C22017.pdf">"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Caddo Parish, LA"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved March 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+CENSUS+-+SCHOOL+DISTRICT+REFERENCE+MAP%3A+Caddo+Parish%2C+LA&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst22_la%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc22017_caddo%2FDC20SD_C22017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22017_caddo/DC20SD_C22017_SD2MS.txt">Text list</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22015_bossier/DC20SD_C22015.pdf">"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Bossier Parish, LA"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved March 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+CENSUS+-+SCHOOL+DISTRICT+REFERENCE+MAP%3A+Bossier+Parish%2C+LA&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst22_la%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc22015_bossier%2FDC20SD_C22015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22015_bossier/DC20SD_C22015_SD2MS.txt">Text list</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shrevebossier.latech.edu/">Home – Louisiana Tech University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528180835/http://shrevebossier.latech.edu/">Archived</a> May 28, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Shrevebossier.latech.edu. Retrieved on July 17, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lctcs.edu/our-colleges">"Our Colleges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_Technical_and_Community_Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges">Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges</a>. Retrieved March 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Colleges&rft.pub=Louisiana%27s+Technical+and+Community+Colleges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lctcs.edu%2Four-colleges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> shows Bossier and Caddo parishes in the service areas of BPCC and NLTCC. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ayers.edu/">"Ayers.edu"</a>. Ayers.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611091329/http://ayers.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayers.edu&rft.pub=Ayers.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fayers.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.remingtoncollege.edu/timeline.php">"Remingtoncollege.edu"</a>. Community.remingtoncollege.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513200228/http://community.remingtoncollege.edu/timeline.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remingtoncollege.edu&rft.pub=Community.remingtoncollege.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.remingtoncollege.edu%2Ftimeline.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vc.edu/campus/shreveport-louisiana-college.cfm">Colleges in Shreveport – Colleges Louisiana – Virginia College</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626023613/http://www.vc.edu/campus/shreveport-louisiana-college.cfm">Archived</a> June 26, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vc.edu. Retrieved on July 17, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045388/">"The Shreveport Sun"</a>. Library of Congress. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Shreveport+Sun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchroniclingamerica.loc.gov%2Flccn%2Fsn83045388%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shreveportwaterworks.org/railroad-museum/">"Railroad Museum – Shreveport Water Works Museum – McNeil Street Pumping Station"</a>. shreveportwaterworks.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220332/http://shreveportwaterworks.org/railroad-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018. Retrieved July 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shreveportwaterworks.org&rft.atitle=Railroad+Museum+%E2%80%93+Shreveport+Water+Works+Museum+%E2%80%93+McNeil+Street+Pumping+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshreveportwaterworks.org%2Frailroad-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chicagorailfan.com-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chicagorailfan.com_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chicagorailfan.com_161-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagorailfan.com/stbaashv.html">"THE GREAT UNION STATIONS"</a>. Chicagorailfan.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223053904/http://www.chicagorailfan.com/stbaashv.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicagorailfan.com&rft.atitle=THE+GREAT+UNION+STATIONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagorailfan.com%2Fstbaashv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Missouri Pacific Lines, Table 2". Official Guide of the Railways. 101 (1). National Railway Publication Company. June 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Guide+of+the+Railways&rft.atitle=Missouri+Pacific+Lines%2C+Table+2&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1968-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShreveport%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Brock, Eric J.: Eric Brock's Shreveport. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Co., 2001 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Shreveport at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Shreveport">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shreveport,_Louisiana" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Shreveport, Louisiana">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Shreveport">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Shreveport">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Shreveport">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Shreveport">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Shreveport">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Shreveport" class="extiw" title="voy:Shreveport">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveportla.gov/">City of Shreveport official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srh.noaa.gov/shv/">National Weather Service Shreveport office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveport-bossier.org/">Shreveport-Bossier Convention & Tourist Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveport.net/">Shreveport/Bossier webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveporttimes.com/">Shreveport Times newspaper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shreveport.com/">www.Shreveport.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texaspacificrailway.org/structures/la/shreveport">Past train stations of Shreveport</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_and_topics_related_to_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Shreveport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_and_topics_related_to_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Shreveport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles and topics related to <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/23px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/35px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/45px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Template:Shreveport, Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Template talk:Shreveport, Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shreveport, Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Category:Shreveport, Louisiana">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Shreveport">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Timeline of Shreveport, Louisiana">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Shreveport">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shreveport" title="Politics of Shreveport">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Shreveport">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Shreveport-Bossier" title="Sports in Shreveport-Bossier">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="List of people from Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveporters</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Shreveport,_Louisiana.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Shreveport"><img alt="Flag of Shreveport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/80px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/120px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png/160px-Flag_of_Shreveport%2C_Louisiana.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shreveport neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Downtown</li> <li>Riverfront District</li> <li>Highlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreve_City,_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreve City, Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreve City</a></li> <li>Anderson Island</li> <li>Broadmoor</li> <li>Shreve Island</li> <li>Southern Hills</li> <li>Jewella-South Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Lake,_Shreveport,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross Lake, Shreveport, Louisiana">Cross Lake</a></li> <li>LSUS-University Area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Louisiana" title="Greenwood, Louisiana">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard,_Louisiana" title="Blanchard, Louisiana">Blanchard</a></li> <li>Texas Border</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">K-12</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Public_Schools_(Louisiana)" title="Caddo Public Schools (Louisiana)">Caddo Public Schools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._E._Byrd_High_School" title="C. E. Byrd High School">C. E. Byrd HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Magnet_High_School" title="Caddo Magnet High School">Caddo Magnet HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_High_School_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Huntington High School (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Huntington HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwood_High_School" title="Southwood High School">Southwood HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington_High_School_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Booker T. Washington High School (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Booker T. Washington HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Leadership_Academy" title="Woodlawn Leadership Academy">Woodlawn HS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Baptist_Academy_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Calvary Baptist Academy (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Calvary Baptist Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangel_Christian_Academy" title="Evangel Christian Academy">Evangel Christian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_College_Prep" title="Loyola College Prep">Loyola College Prep</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Park_Medical_Careers_Magnet_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Park Medical Careers Magnet High School">Fair Park Medical Careers Magnet HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University_Shreveport" title="Louisiana State University Shreveport">Louisiana State University Shreveport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSU_Health_Sciences_Center_Shreveport" title="LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport">LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_University_at_Shreveport" title="Southern University at Shreveport">Southern University at Shreveport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Shreveport" title="Transportation in Shreveport">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Regional_Airport" title="Shreveport Regional Airport">Regional Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Downtown_Airport" title="Shreveport Downtown Airport">Downtown Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Shreveport" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Shreveport">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Times_(Shreveport)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times (Shreveport)">The Times</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Journal" title="Shreveport Journal">Shreveport Journal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long%E2%80%93Allen_Bridge_(Shreveport)" title="Long–Allen Bridge (Shreveport)">Long–Allen Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite_Cathedral_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="Scottish Rite Cathedral (Shreveport, Louisiana)">Scottish Rite Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_and_Courthouse_(Shreveport,_Louisiana)" title="United States Post Office and Courthouse (Shreveport, Louisiana)">US Post Office and Courthouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport_Opera" title="Shreveport Opera">Shreveport Opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark-La-Tex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shreveport-Bossier_City_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreveport-Bossier City metropolitan area">Shreveport/Bossier City Metro</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template:Bossier Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template talk:Bossier Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bossier Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier Parish, Louisiana</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Parish_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish seat">Parish seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Benton,_Louisiana" title="Benton, Louisiana">Benton</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg/180px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg/270px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg/360px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Bossier_Parish.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1129" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Louisiana" title="Benton, Louisiana">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haughton,_Louisiana" title="Haughton, Louisiana">Haughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_Dealing,_Louisiana" title="Plain Dealing, Louisiana">Plain Dealing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastwood,_Louisiana" title="Eastwood, Louisiana">Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Chute,_Louisiana" title="Red Chute, Louisiana">Red Chute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkana,_Louisiana" title="Arkana, Louisiana">Arkana</a></li> <li>Atkins</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bellevue, Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bellevue</a></li> <li>Elm Grove</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore,_Louisiana" title="Fillmore, Louisiana">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Louisiana" title="Princeton, Louisiana">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mount,_Louisiana" title="Rocky Mount, Louisiana">Rocky Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylortown,_Louisiana" title="Taylortown, Louisiana">Taylortown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent parish or parishes</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Louisiana (state)">Louisiana portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template:Caddo Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template talk:Caddo Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caddo Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo Parish, Louisiana</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Parish_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish seat">Parish seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Louisiana)">City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg/180px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg/270px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg/360px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Caddo_Parish.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1129" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town_(Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Town (Louisiana)">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard,_Louisiana" title="Blanchard, Louisiana">Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Louisiana" title="Greenwood, Louisiana">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooringsport,_Louisiana" title="Mooringsport, Louisiana">Mooringsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_City,_Louisiana" title="Oil City, Louisiana">Oil City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian,_Louisiana" title="Vivian, Louisiana">Vivian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Louisiana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Louisiana)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belcher,_Louisiana" title="Belcher, Louisiana">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilliam,_Louisiana" title="Gilliam, Louisiana">Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosston,_Louisiana" title="Hosston, Louisiana">Hosston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida,_Louisiana" title="Ida, Louisiana">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodessa,_Louisiana" title="Rodessa, Louisiana">Rodessa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakeview,_Louisiana" title="Lakeview, Louisiana">Lakeview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany,_Louisiana_and_Texas" title="Bethany, Louisiana and Texas">Bethany</a></li> <li>Conn</li> <li>Crosskeys‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie,_Louisiana" title="Dixie, Louisiana">Dixie</a></li> <li>Forbing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keithville,_Louisiana" title="Keithville, Louisiana">Keithville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira,_Louisiana" title="Mira, Louisiana">Mira</a></li> <li>Spring Ridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_States,_Arkansas,_Louisiana,_and_Texas" title="Three States, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas">Three States</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylks,_Louisiana" title="Zylks, Louisiana">Zylks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albany</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent parish or parishes</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Louisiana (state)">Louisiana portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Louisiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana" title="Template:Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana" title="Template talk:Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Louisiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Louisiana" title="Outline of Louisiana">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Louisiana-related_articles" title="Index of Louisiana-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Louisiana" title="Fauna of Louisiana">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisiana" title="History of Louisiana">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Louisiana" title="Music of Louisiana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Louisiana" title="List of people from Louisiana">Louisianians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Louisiana" title="Constitution of Louisiana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of governors of Louisiana">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_hurricanes_(2000-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Louisiana hurricanes (2000-present)">Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature" title="Louisiana State Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts#Louisiana" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_state_symbols" title="List of Louisiana state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Louisiana">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Louisiana" title="Abortion in Louisiana">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Louisiana" title="Climate change in Louisiana">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Louisiana" title="Culture of Louisiana">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Louisiana" title="Crime in Louisiana">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Louisiana" title="Demographics of Louisiana">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Louisiana">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Louisiana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Louisiana" title="Gun laws in Louisiana">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Louisiana">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Louisiana">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Mass media in Louisiana">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Louisiana" title="List of newspapers in Louisiana">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Louisiana" title="List of radio stations in Louisiana">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Louisiana" title="List of television stations in Louisiana">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Louisiana" title="Politics of Louisiana">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadiana" title="Acadiana">Acadiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark-La-Tex" title="Ark-La-Tex">Ark-La-Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Louisiana" title="Central Louisiana">Central Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Parishes" title="Florida Parishes">Florida Parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_metropolitan_area" title="New Orleans metropolitan area">Greater New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Louisiana">Northwest Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Louisiana" title="North Louisiana">North Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Louisiana" title="Southwest Louisiana">Southwest Louisiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns,_and_villages_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns, and villages in Louisiana">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond,_Louisiana" title="Hammond, Louisiana">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Louisiana" title="Houma, Louisiana">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenner,_Louisiana" title="Kenner, Louisiana">Kenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Charles,_Louisiana" title="Lake Charles, Louisiana">Lake Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchitoches,_Louisiana" title="Natchitoches, Louisiana">Natchitoches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Iberia,_Louisiana" title="New Iberia, Louisiana">New Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas,_Louisiana" title="Opelousas, Louisiana">Opelousas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponchatoula,_Louisiana" title="Ponchatoula, Louisiana">Ponchatoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruston,_Louisiana" title="Ruston, Louisiana">Ruston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidell,_Louisiana" title="Slidell, Louisiana">Slidell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur,_Louisiana" title="Sulphur, Louisiana">Sulphur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalmette,_Louisiana" title="Chalmette, Louisiana">Chalmette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey,_Louisiana" title="Harvey, Louisiana">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaPlace,_Louisiana" title="LaPlace, Louisiana">LaPlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrero,_Louisiana" title="Marrero, Louisiana">Marrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metairie,_Louisiana" title="Metairie, Louisiana">Metairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Bluff,_Louisiana" title="Moss Bluff, Louisiana">Moss Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrytown,_Louisiana" title="Terrytown, Louisiana">Terrytown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_metropolitan_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana metropolitan areas">Metros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond,_Louisiana" title="Hammond, Louisiana">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Louisiana" title="Houma, Louisiana">Houma</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bayou_Cane,_Louisiana" title="Bayou Cane, Louisiana">Bayou Cane</a>–<a href="/wiki/Thibodaux,_Louisiana" title="Thibodaux, Louisiana">Thibodaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Charles,_Louisiana" title="Lake Charles, Louisiana">Lake Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bossier_City,_Louisiana" title="Bossier City, Louisiana">Bossier City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_in_Louisiana" title="List of parishes in Louisiana">Parishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Acadia Parish, Louisiana">Acadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Allen Parish, Louisiana">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ascension Parish, Louisiana">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Assumption Parish, Louisiana">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoyelles_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana">Avoyelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauregard_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Beauregard Parish, Louisiana">Beauregard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienville_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bienville Parish, Louisiana">Bienville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Bossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcasieu_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana">Calcasieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Caldwell Parish, Louisiana">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Cameron Parish, Louisiana">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catahoula_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Catahoula Parish, Louisiana">Catahoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Claiborne Parish, Louisiana">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Concordia Parish, Louisiana">Concordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeSoto_Parish,_Louisiana" title="DeSoto Parish, Louisiana">DeSoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Baton_Rouge_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana">East Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Carroll Parish, Louisiana">East Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Feliciana_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana">East Feliciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Evangeline Parish, Louisiana">Evangeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Franklin Parish, Louisiana">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Grant Parish, Louisiana">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberia_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Iberia Parish, Louisiana">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberville_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Iberville Parish, Louisiana">Iberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Jackson Parish, Louisiana">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Jefferson Parish, Louisiana">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana">Jefferson Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette Parish, Louisiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafourche_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Lafourche Parish, Louisiana">Lafourche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Parish,_Louisiana" title="LaSalle Parish, Louisiana">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Lincoln Parish, Louisiana">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Livingston Parish, Louisiana">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Madison Parish, Louisiana">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morehouse_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Morehouse Parish, Louisiana">Morehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchitoches_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana">Natchitoches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Parish,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Parish, Louisiana">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemines_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana">Plaquemines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Coupee_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana">Pointe Coupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapides_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Rapides Parish, Louisiana">Rapides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Red River Parish, Louisiana">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Richland Parish, Louisiana">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Sabine Parish, Louisiana">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bernard_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana">St. Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Charles Parish, Louisiana">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Helena_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Helena Parish, Louisiana">St. Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. James Parish, Louisiana">St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana">St. John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Landry_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Landry Parish, Louisiana">St. Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Martin Parish, Louisiana">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Mary Parish, Louisiana">St. Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Tammany_Parish,_Louisiana" title="St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana">St. Tammany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangipahoa_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana">Tangipahoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensas_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Tensas Parish, Louisiana">Tensas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrebonne_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana">Terrebonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Union Parish, Louisiana">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Vermilion Parish, Louisiana">Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Vernon Parish, Louisiana">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Washington Parish, Louisiana">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Webster Parish, Louisiana">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Baton_Rouge_Parish,_Louisiana" title="West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana">West Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" title="West Carroll Parish, Louisiana">West Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Feliciana_Parish,_Louisiana" title="West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana">West Feliciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winn_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Winn Parish, Louisiana">Winn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana" title="Portal:Louisiana">Louisiana portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parish_seats_of_Louisiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Louisiana_parish_seats" title="Template:Louisiana parish seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Louisiana_parish_seats" title="Template talk:Louisiana parish seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana_parish_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Louisiana parish seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parish_seats_of_Louisiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parish_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish seat">Parish seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_Louisiana" title="Abbeville, Louisiana">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amite_City,_Louisiana" title="Amite City, Louisiana">Amite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia,_Louisiana" title="Arcadia, Louisiana">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Louisiana" title="Bastrop, Louisiana">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Louisiana" title="Benton, Louisiana">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron,_Louisiana" title="Cameron, Louisiana">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalmette,_Louisiana" title="Chalmette, Louisiana">Chalmette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Louisiana" title="Clinton, Louisiana">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax,_Louisiana" title="Colfax, Louisiana">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Louisiana" title="Columbia, Louisiana">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent,_Louisiana" title="Convent, Louisiana">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coushatta,_Louisiana" title="Coushatta, Louisiana">Coushatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Louisiana" title="Covington, Louisiana">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowley,_Louisiana" title="Crowley, Louisiana">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRidder,_Louisiana" title="DeRidder, Louisiana">DeRidder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldsonville,_Louisiana" title="Donaldsonville, Louisiana">Donaldsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard,_Louisiana" title="Edgard, Louisiana">Edgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmerville,_Louisiana" title="Farmerville, Louisiana">Farmerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Louisiana" title="Franklin, Louisiana">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklinton,_Louisiana" title="Franklinton, Louisiana">Franklinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensburg,_Louisiana" title="Greensburg, Louisiana">Greensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretna,_Louisiana" title="Gretna, Louisiana">Gretna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hahnville,_Louisiana" title="Hahnville, Louisiana">Hahnville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Louisiana" title="Harrisonburg, Louisiana">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer,_Louisiana" title="Homer, Louisiana">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Louisiana" title="Houma, Louisiana">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena,_Louisiana" title="Jena, Louisiana">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings,_Louisiana" title="Jennings, Louisiana">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Louisiana" title="Jonesboro, Louisiana">Jonesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Charles,_Louisiana" title="Lake Charles, Louisiana">Lake Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Providence,_Louisiana" title="Lake Providence, Louisiana">Lake Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leesville,_Louisiana" title="Leesville, Louisiana">Leesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Louisiana" title="Livingston, Louisiana">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Louisiana" title="Mansfield, Louisiana">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Many,_Louisiana" title="Many, Louisiana">Many</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville,_Louisiana" title="Marksville, Louisiana">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden,_Louisiana" title="Minden, Louisiana">Minden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonville,_Louisiana" title="Napoleonville, Louisiana">Napoleonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchitoches,_Louisiana" title="Natchitoches, Louisiana">Natchitoches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Iberia,_Louisiana" title="New Iberia, Louisiana">New Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Roads,_Louisiana" title="New Roads, Louisiana">New Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_West_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Grove, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin,_Louisiana" title="Oberlin, Louisiana">Oberlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas,_Louisiana" title="Opelousas, Louisiana">Opelousas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine,_Louisiana" title="Plaquemine, Louisiana">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_%C3%A0_la_Hache,_Louisiana" title="Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana">Pointe à la Hache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Allen,_Louisiana" title="Port Allen, Louisiana">Port Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayville,_Louisiana" title="Rayville, Louisiana">Rayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruston,_Louisiana" title="Ruston, Louisiana">Ruston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Louisiana" title="St. Joseph, Louisiana">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martinville,_Louisiana" title="St. Martinville, Louisiana">St. Martinville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francisville,_Louisiana" title="St. Francisville, Louisiana">St. Francisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallulah,_Louisiana" title="Tallulah, Louisiana">Tallulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibodaux,_Louisiana" title="Thibodaux, Louisiana">Thibodaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidalia,_Louisiana" title="Vidalia, Louisiana">Vidalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville_Platte,_Louisiana" title="Ville Platte, Louisiana">Ville Platte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnfield,_Louisiana" title="Winnfield, Louisiana">Winnfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnsboro,_Louisiana" title="Winnsboro, Louisiana">Winnsboro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> Hall of Fame (1949–2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> (1963, 1984, 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, PA</a> (1962, 1974, 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> (1951, 1969, 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, IN</a> (1958, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, MA</a> (1949, 1951, 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, OH</a> (1949, 1950, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, OH</a> (1951, 1978, 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida" title="Delray Beach, Florida">Delray Beach, FL</a> (1993, 2001, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg, TX</a> (1968, 1995, 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, TX</a> (1964, 1993, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia, NC</a> (1963, 2000, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, MI</a> (1949, 1960, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory,_North_Carolina" title="Hickory, North Carolina">Hickory, NC</a> (1967, 1987, 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, MO</a> (1961, 1982, 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurinburg,_North_Carolina" title="Laurinburg, North Carolina">Laurinburg, NC</a> (1956, 1967, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_South_Carolina" title="Mount Pleasant, South Carolina">Mount Pleasant, SC</a> (2010, 2018, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, VA</a> (1959, 2013, 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> (1981, 1998, 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward, AK</a> (1963, 1965, 2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shreveport, LA</a> (1953, 1980, 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, MA</a> (1972, 2009, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, WA</a> (1975, 2004, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, WA</a> (1956, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, OH</a> (1980, 1981, 1995, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, AK</a> (1956, 1965, 1985, 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, MD</a> (1952, 1977, 1991, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, OH</a> (1958, 1987, 1992, 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, NC</a> (1985, 2001, 2011, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, IN</a> (1983, 1998, 2009, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, NE</a> (1955, 1967, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, VA</a> (1972, 2002, 2014, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, KY</a> (1963, 1995, 2012, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, IL</a> (1953, 1966, 1989, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a> (1949, 1951, 1957, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, MD</a> (1954, 1961, 1977, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, OH</a> (1950, 1983, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, OH</a> (1949, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque, IA</a> (2007, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, TX</a> (1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, CT</a> (1958, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, CA</a> (1999, 2004, 2015, 2017, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo, MS</a> (1967, 1989, 1999, 2011, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, KS</a> (1961, 1993, 1999, 2009, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, MA</a> (1949, 1960, 1965, 1981, 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Six-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, IA</a> (1949, 1977, 1982, 2003, 2010, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> (1950, 1958, 1980, 1989, 2009, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seven-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, MO</a> (1950, 1951, 1986, 1994, 2006, 2017, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke, VA</a> (1952, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1996, 2012, 2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, TX</a> (1949, 1951, 1983, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80517#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80517#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80517#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237757323">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209612/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyxfbCv9dHvpK6GGh9FKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4192961-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80098248">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6407653">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555067605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/792c0b7d-c00d-430c-a431-e0624841d523">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/196426774">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045809">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&oldid=1258501858">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&oldid=1258501858</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Category:Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_state_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Former state capitals in the United States">Former state capitals in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Cities in Louisiana">Cities in Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_the_Ark-La-Tex" title="Category:Cities in the Ark-La-Tex">Cities in the Ark-La-Tex</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Shreveport_%E2%80%93_Bossier_City_metropolitan_area" title="Category:Cities in Shreveport – Bossier City metropolitan area">Cities in Shreveport – Bossier City metropolitan area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parish_seats_in_Louisiana" title="Category:Parish seats in Louisiana">Parish seats in Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Bossier_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Category:Cities in Bossier Parish, Louisiana">Cities in Bossier Parish, Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Caddo_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Category:Cities in Caddo Parish, Louisiana">Cities in Caddo Parish, Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Louisiana_African_American_Heritage_Trail" title="Category:Louisiana African American Heritage Trail">Louisiana African American Heritage Trail</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1836" title="Category:Populated places established in 1836">Populated places established in 1836</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1836_establishments_in_Louisiana" title="Category:1836 establishments in Louisiana">1836 establishments in Louisiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_North_Louisiana" title="Category:Cities in North Louisiana">Cities in North Louisiana</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2023">Articles with dead external links from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2016">Articles with dead external links from September 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2015" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2015">Use mdy dates from September 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 02:42 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shreveport,_Louisiana&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64cddf7fd8-vgw6b","wgBackendResponseTime":190,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_6fd32af1fcf69f6a04263f58bfe728bfea2c283d":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q80517","properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#0096FF","title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","fill":"#0096FF"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q80517","properties":{"title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","fill-opacity":0,"stroke-opacity":0,"stroke":"#5F5F5F","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#000000"}}],"_d526344f58b1f0aaa11d35810eb0299bd4c67449":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-93.76277777777777,32.50805555555556],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","marker-symbol":"city"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1588","properties":{"title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke-opacity":1,"stroke":"#5F5F5F","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#000000"}}],"_90883ed2aa3113b20daf4c8daf93478a8dc66a94":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[-93.76277777777777,32.50805555555556],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"5E74F3","title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","marker-symbol":"city"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q30","properties":{"title":"Shreveport, Louisiana","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke-opacity":1,"stroke":"#5F5F5F","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#000000"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.030","walltime":"2.301","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17539,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":564760,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":98024,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":28,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":610755,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":3,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1937.537 1 -total"," 40.41% 783.026 1 Template:Reflist"," 31.16% 603.785 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 30.74% 595.695 137 Template:Cite_web"," 27.00% 523.195 1 Template:Infobox"," 17.12% 331.646 1 Template:Maplink"," 15.51% 300.513 4 Template:Coord"," 6.80% 131.708 1 Template:Navboxes"," 5.01% 97.137 8 Template:Navbox"," 4.86% 94.108 24 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.249","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24895687,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","220","16.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","16.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","220","16.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","4.5"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","60","4.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","3.0"],["[others]","260","19.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-xg4fw","timestamp":"20241203065352","ttl":2480776,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shreveport, Louisiana","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shreveport,_Louisiana","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80517","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q80517","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-24T05:27:24Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T02:42:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/Shreveport_LA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg","headline":"parish seat of Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States"}</script> </body> </html>