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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Rupert Christiansen</b> (born 1954) is an English writer, journalist and critic. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Life and career</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Christiansen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Born in London, Christiansen is the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Christiansen" title="Arthur Christiansen">Arthur Christiansen</a> (former editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i>) and son of Kay and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Christiansen" title="Michael Christiansen">Michael Christiansen</a> (former editor of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror"><i>Sunday</i> and<i> Daily Mirror</i></a>). He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Millfield" title="Millfield">Millfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, where he took a <a href="/wiki/Double_first" class="mw-redirect" title="Double first">double first</a> in English. As a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright scholar">Fulbright scholar</a>, he also attended <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> from 1977 to 1978. </p><p>He was hired by <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Milnes" title="Rodney Milnes">Rodney Milnes</a> as a reviewer for <a href="/wiki/Opera_(British_magazine)" title="Opera (British magazine)"><i>Opera</i> magazine</a>, and then took over Milnes' column in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to write for many other newspapers and periodicals, including <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar#Harper's_Bazaar_UK" title="Harper's Bazaar">Harper's and Queen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Literary_Review" title="Literary Review">Literary Review</a></i>, all of them British or American.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has written a number of books, winning the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham_Award" title="Somerset Maugham Award">Somerset Maugham Award</a> in 1988 for <i>Romantic Affinities</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His memoir I <i>Know you're Going to be Happy</i> won the Spear's Memoir of the Year prize in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formerly arts editor of <i>Harper's and Queen</i> and deputy arts editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, he became opera critic and arts columnist of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> and dance critic of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i> in 1996. Christiansen sits on the editorial board of <i>Opera</i> magazine. In 2010, he was appointed to the international jury of the <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson_Prize" title="Birgit Nilsson Prize">Birgit Nilsson Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, he was appointed dance critic of <i>The Spectator</i> and was Dramaturg for Dickie Beau's Showmanism! at the Ustinov Studio, Theatre Royal, Bath. </p><p>Christiansen was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2014 and 2016, he was a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Literary_Fund" title="Royal Literary Fund">Royal Literary Fund</a> Fellow at <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and since 2016 he has been Collaborating Research Scholar at <a href="/wiki/Keble_College,_Oxford" title="Keble College, Oxford">Keble College, Oxford</a>, where he also teaches. </p><p>Formerly a board member of the Charleston Trust (1995–2010) and Gate Theatre (1993–2012), he was appointed to the boards of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Arts_Theatre" title="Cambridge Arts Theatre">Cambridge Arts Theatre</a> and Shadwell Opera in 2016. </p><p>In 2009, he entered a <a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil partnership">civil partnership</a> with the architectural critic Ellis Woodman.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lives in London. </p><p>Christiansen stood down as opera critic of <i>The Daily Telegraph</i> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, but continues to write for the paper as a book reviewer and commentator on the arts. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Christiansen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Books" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prima_Donna" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima Donna">Prima Donna</a>: A History</i> (1984)</li> <li><i>The Grand Obsession – An Anthology of Opera</i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Romantic Affinities: Portraits From an Age, 1780–1830</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1988)</li> <li><i>Paris Babylon: Grandeur, Decadence and Revolution 1869–75</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1995); UK edition: <i>Tales of the New Babylon: Paris, 1869-75</i> (1994)</li> <li><i>The Visitors: Culture Shock in 19th Century Britain</i> (2000)</li> <li><i>The Voice of Victorian Sex: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hugh_Clough" title="Arthur Hugh Clough">Arthur H Clough</a> 1819–1861</i> (2001)</li> <li><i>Faber Pocket Guide to Opera</i> (2002; revised 2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>: The Mystery of the World's Greatest Playwright</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>The Complete Book of Aunts</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2006)</li> <li><i>Once More, with Feeling! A Book of Classic Hymns & Carols</i> (2007)</li> <li><i>I Know You're Going to be Happy: A Story of Love and Betrayal</i> (2013)</li> <li><i>City of Light: The Reinvention of Paris</i> (2018)</li> <li><i>Diaghilev's Empire: How the Ballets Russes Enthralled the World</i> (2022)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Christiansen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen2020" class="citation news cs1">Christiansen, Rupert (5 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opera/what-to-see/learnt-25-years-telegraphs-opera-critic/">"What I've learnt in 25 years as The Telegraph's opera critic"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=What+I%27ve+learnt+in+25+years+as+The+Telegraph%27s+opera+critic&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fopera%2Fwhat-to-see%2Flearnt-25-years-telegraphs-opera-critic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARupert+Christiansen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faber.co.uk/author/rupert-christiansen">Author biography: Rupert Christiansen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Somerset Maugham Award, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facstaff.unca.edu/moseley/maugham.html">List of winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090554/http://facstaff.unca.edu/moseley/maugham.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Spear%27s_Wealth_Management_Survey" title="Spear's Wealth Management Survey">Spear's Wealth Management Survey</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spearswms.com/spears-book-awards-2013/">"Spear's Book Awards 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, Rupert (16 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/8385966/I-was-honoured-to-help-pick-Riccardo-Muti.html">"'I was honoured to help pick Riccardo Muti'"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows/C">List of Fellows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614141904/http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows/C">Archived</a> 2011-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Literary_Fund" title="Royal Literary Fund">Royal Literary Fund</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rlf.org.uk/fellowships/rupert-christiansen/">"Rupert Christiansen, Non-fiction writer, University of East Anglia"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/the-feral-beast-staff-staggered-by-redundancies-1299057.html">"Nuptial bliss amid the ruins"</a>, 11 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen2020" class="citation web cs1">Christiansen, Rupert [@Rupechri] (5 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Rupechri/status/1335126542993776641">"I've decided to stand down as the Telegraph's opera critic at Christmas. I've banged on about the subject in its pages for 25 years: long enough, in all honesty, and time for a new voice to be heard. I'll continue to write for the paper in other capacities"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%27ve+decided+to+stand+down+as+the+Telegraph%27s+opera+critic+at+Christmas.+I%27ve+banged+on+about+the+subject+in+its+pages+for+25+years%3A+long+enough%2C+in+all+honesty%2C+and+time+for+a+new+voice+to+be+heard.+I%27ll+continue+to+write+for+the+paper+in+other+capacities.&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRupechri%2Fstatus%2F1335126542993776641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARupert+Christiansen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bevington, Helen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/15/books/when-in-doubt-duel.html?pagewanted=all&pagewanted=print">"When In Doubt, Duel"</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, 15 January 1989 (review of <i>Romantic Affinities</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein, Richard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/15/books/books-of-the-times-unconventional-history-of-the-paris-commune.html?pagewanted=2&pagewanted=print">"Unconventional History Of the Paris Commune"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, 15 March 1995 (review of <i>Paris Babylon: Grandeur, Decadence and Revolution</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, Kathryn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/21/society">"Aunts aren't just for Christmas"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 21 October 2006 (review of <i>The Complete Book of Aunts</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Christiansen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3A%22Christiansen%2C+Rupert.%22&qt=hot_author">Rupert Christiansen</a> on <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17283004&ft=1&f=1032">Rupert Christiansen in conversation with Scott Simon</a>, <i>Weekend Edition</i>, 15 December 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exec.typepad.com/greatexpectations">Rupert Christiansen's blog</a> on the Charles Dickens novel <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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