CINXE.COM

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<h1>Dopamine Receptors</h1> <p><strong>Dopamine</strong> is the major catecholamine neurotransmitter present in the mammalian brain where it is responsible for a variety of functions, including locomotion, neuroendocrine secretion, <a href='/research-area/memory-learning-and-cognition' title='Browse products for Cognition'>cognition</a> and emotion. Dopamine also plays a role in the periphery where it regulates a range of other processes, including catecholamine release, hormone secretion, and gastrointestinal motility.</p> <div class="tabbed_content"> <div class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="products" id="pharm_tabs_products"> <span>Targets</span></div> <div class="tab tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="literature" id="pharm_tabs_literature"><span>Literature (4)</span> </div> <div class="tab tab_6" data-tab="6" data-tabname="gene" id="pharm_tabs_gene"> <span>Receptor Data</span></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1"> <div class="pharm_sub_cats"><h3>Dopamine Receptor Target Files</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/pharmacology/d1-and-d5-receptors" title="Browse products for D1 and D5 Receptors">D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>5</sub> Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/d2-receptors" title="Browse products for D2 Receptors">D<sub>2</sub> Receptors</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/pharmacology/d3-receptors" title="Browse products for D3 Receptors">D<sub>3</sub> Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/d4-receptors" title="Browse products for D4 Receptors">D<sub>4</sub> Receptors</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_rel_cats"><h3>Related Targets</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/product-type/caged-dopamine-compounds" title="Browse products for Caged Dopamine Compounds">Caged Dopamine Compounds</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/dopamine-transporters" title="Browse products for Dopamine Transporters">Dopamine Transporters</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/dopaminergic-related" title="Browse products for Dopaminergic-Related">Dopaminergic-Related</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/pharmacology/monoamine-oxidases" title="Browse products for Monoamine Oxidases">Monoamine Oxidases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/non-selective-dopamine" title="Browse products for Non-selective Dopamine">Non-selective Dopamine</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_long_desc"><p>The application of molecular cloning techniques to the study of dopamine receptors has expanded the classical dopamine D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>2</sub> classification scheme to include five dopamine receptor subtypes. These may be divided into D<sub>1</sub>-like (D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>5</sub>) and D<sub>2</sub>-like (D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>3</sub> and D<sub>4</sub> receptors) based on their predicted transmembrane topologies, and functional and pharmacological properties. Dysregulation of dopamine transmission causes a variety of conditions such as <a href='/research-area/parkinsons-disease-research' title='Browse products for Parkinson's disease'>Parkinson's disease</a>, Tourette's syndrome, <a href='/research-area/schizophrenia-research' title='Browse products for schizophrenia'>schizophrenia</a> and hyperprolactemia.</p></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_2" data-tab="2"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_3" data-tab="3"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4"> <h3>Literature for Dopamine Receptors</h3><p>Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Dopamine Receptors to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!</p><p class="small">*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.</p><hr/><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234512.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234512.jpg?v=1" alt="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Phillip Strange and revised by Kim Neve in 2013, this review summarizes the history of the dopamine receptors and provides an overview of individual receptor subtype properties, their distribution and identifies ligands which act at each receptor subtype. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/494370.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Addiction Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/494370' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Addiction'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Addiction' data-title='Addiction Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494370.jpg" alt="Addiction Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Addiction Poster</h4> <p>The key feature of drug addiction is the inability to stop using a drug despite clear evidence of harm. This poster describes the brain circuits associated with addiction, and provides an overview of the main classes of addictive drugs and the neurotransmitter systems that they target.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494370" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Addiction Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Addiction Poster" data-title="Addiction Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/234528.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Depression Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234528' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Depression'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Depression' data-title='Depression Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234528.jpg" alt="Depression Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Depression Poster</h4> <p>Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and a loss of interest and/or pleasure. Updated in 2015 this poster highlights presynaptic and postsynaptic targets for the potential treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as outlining the pharmacology of currently approved antidepressant drugs.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234528" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Depression Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Depression Poster" data-title="Depression Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/234507.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234507' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Parkinson's Disease' data-title='Parkinson's Disease Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234507.jpg?v=2" alt="Parkinson's Disease Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Parkinson's Disease Poster</h4> <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) causes chronic disability and is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. This poster outlines the neurobiology of the disease, as well as highlighting current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies to delay PD onset and progression.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234507" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Parkinson's Disease Poster" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_5" data-tab="5"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_6" data-tab="6"> <H3>Dopamine Receptor Data</H3> <table class="table table-responsive"> <tr> <th style='width:35%' rowspan='2'> Receptor Subtype </th> <th style='width:26%' colspan='2'> D<sub>1</sub>-like Receptors </th> <th style='width:39%' colspan='3'> D<sub>2</sub>-like Receptors </th> </tr> <tr> <th> D<sub>1</sub> </th> <th> D<sub>5</sub> </th> <th> D<sub>2</sub> </th> <th> D<sub>3</sub> </th> <th> D<sub>4</sub> </th> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld' style='width:35%'> G protein </td> <td style='width:13%'> G<sub>s</sub> </td> <td style='width:13%'> G<sub>s</sub> </td> <td style='width:13%'> G<sub>i/o</sub> </td> <td style='width:13%'> G<sub>i/o</sub> </td> <td style='width:13%'> G<sub>i/o</sub> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> Transduction Mechanism </td> <td> ↑ AC, ↑ PLC, ↑ L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels </td> <td> ↑ AC </td> <td> ↓ AC, ↑ [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>, K<sup>+</sup> conductance, ↓ Ca<sup>2+</sup> conductance </td> <td> ↓ AC, activation of MAP kinase </td> <td> ↓ AC, ↓ Ca<sup>2+</sup> conductance </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> Localization </td> <td> Caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle </td> <td> Hippocampus, hypothalamus </td> <td> Caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle </td> <td> Nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja </td> <td> Frontal cortex, midbrain, amygdala, cardiovascular system </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> Likely Physiological Roles </td> <td> Locomotion, reward, reinforcement, learning and memory, renin secretion </td> <td> Learning and memory </td> <td> Locomotion, reward, reinforcement, learning and memory </td> <td> Locomotion, possible role in cognition and emotion </td> <td> Mostly unknown - possible role in cognition and emotion, hypertension </td> </tr> </table> <br> <table class="table table-responsive"> <tr> <th style='width:35%'> Key Compounds </th> <th style='width:65%'> K<sub>i</sub> Values (nM) </th> </tr> <tr> <td style='width:15%' class='pb_bld'> D<sub>1</sub>-like Agonists </td> <td style='width:20%'> SKF 38393 (<a href='/products/skf-38393-hydrobromide_0922' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0922</a>)<br> SKF 83822 (<a href='/products/skf-83822-hydrobromide_2075' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">2075</a>) </td> <td style='width:13%'> 1<br> 3.2 </td> <td style='width:13%'> ~ 0.5<br> 3.1 </td> <td style='width:13%'> ~ 150<br> 186 </td> <td style='width:13%'> ~ 5000<br> 66 </td> <td style='width:13%'> ~ 1000<br> 335 </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> D<sub>1</sub>-like Antagonists </td> <td> SCH 23390 (<a href='/products/sch-23390-hydrochloride_0925' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0925</a>) </td> <td> ~ 0.2 </td> <td> 0.3 </td> <td> ~ 1100 </td> <td> ~ 800 </td> <td> ~ 3000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> D<sub>2</sub>-like Agonists </td> <td> Bromocriptine (<a href='/products/bromocriptine-mesylate_0427' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0427</a>)<br> 7-HydroxyDPAT (<a href='/products/7-hydroxy-dpat-hydrobromide_0706' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0706</a>)<br> Cabergoline (<a href='/products/cabergoline_2664' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">2664</a>) </td> <td> ~ 440<br> ~ 5000<br> - </td> <td> ~ 450<br> -<br> 165 </td> <td> ~ 8<br> 10<br> 0.7 </td> <td> ~ 5<br> ~ 1<br> 1.5 </td> <td> ~ 290<br> 650<br> 9.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td class='pb_bld'> D<sub>2</sub>-like Antagonists </td> <td> Clozapine (<a href='/products/clozapine_0444' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0444</a>)<br> Haloperidol (<a href='/products/haloperidol-hydrochloride_0931' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0931</a>)<br> Nemonapride (<a href='/products/nemonapride_1746' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">1746</a>)<br> NGB 2904 (<a href='/products/ngb-2904_2635' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">2635</a>)<br> Raclopride (<a href='/products/raclopride_1810' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">1810</a>)<br> Remoxipride (<a href='/products/remoxipride-hydrochloride_0916' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0916</a>)<br> Spiperone (<a href='/products/spiperone-hydrochloride_0995' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0995</a>)<br> (<em>S</em>)-(-)-Sulpride (<a href='/products/s-sulpiride_0895' onClick="ga('send', 'event', 'Gene Table Product', 'Link click', 'Dopamine')">0895</a>)<br> </td> <td> ~ 170<br> ~ 80<br> -<br> > 10000<br> 18000<br> -<br> ~ 350<br> ~ 45000 </td> <td> ~ 330<br> ~ 100<br> -<br> 217<br> -<br> -<br> ~ 3500<br> 77000 </td> <td> ~ 230<br> 1.2<br> 0.06<br> 1.4<br> 1.8<br> ~ 300<br> 0.06<br> ~ 15 </td> <td> ~ 170<br> ~ 7<br> 0.3<br> > 5000<br> 3.5<br> ~ 1600<br> 0.6<br> ~ 13 </td> <td> 21<br> 2.3<br> 0.15<br> > 10000<br> 2400<br> ~ 2800<br> 0.08<br> 1000 </td> </tr> </table> <p>All K<sub>i</sub> values for agonists were determined at the high-affinity state for all receptors, except for D<sub>3</sub> receptors.</p> <h3>References</h3> <p><strong>Seeman and Van Tol</strong> (1994) Dopamine receptor pharmacology. TiPS <strong><em>15</em></strong> 264. <strong>Missale</strong> <em>et al</em> (1998) Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol.Rev. <strong><em>78</em></strong> 189. <strong>O'Sullivan</strong> <em>et al</em> (2004) SK&F 83822 distinguishes adenylyl cyclase from phospholipase C-coupled D1-like receptors: behavioural topography. Eur.J.Pharmacol. <strong><em>486</em></strong> 273. <strong>Kvernmo</strong> <em>et al</em> (2006) A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin.Ther. <strong><em>28</em></strong> 1065. <strong>Yuan</strong> <em>et al</em> (1998) NGB 2904 and NGB 2849: two highly selective dopamine D<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonists. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. <strong><em>8</em></strong> 2715.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3"> <div class="resources_sidebar_container"> <div class="fp_four_box"> <div class="fp_box_wrapper"><h3>Featured New Products</h3> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/corafluortm-1-haloalkane_8817">8817 | CoraFluor™ 1, Haloalkane</a><br /> Cell impermeable terbium cryptate FRET donor for TR-FRET assay development, with chloroalkane ligand</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/hb-2-30_8831">8831 | HB-2-30</a><br /> Fluorescent TG2/LRP1 substrate for imaging endocytosis</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/mpd-2_8802">8802 | MPD 2</a><br /> SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> Degrader (PROTAC<sup>®</sup>)</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/bay-593_8113">8113 | BAY 593</a><br /> Geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) inhibitor</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/pa-janelia-fluor-646-haloalkane_8815">8815 | PA Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> 646, Haloalkane</a><br /> Photoactivatable Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> 646 with chloroalkane handle for self-labeling tags fusion protein</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="distributor_region"></div> <div class="widget"> <div class="widget_title">Literature in this Area</div> <div class="widget_content carousel slide" id="ds_literature_scroller" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="8000">  <div class="carousel-inner"><div class="item active"><div class="highlight">Dopamine Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/dopamine-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234512.jpg?v=1" alt="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Dopamine receptors review gives an overview of the dopamine receptor subtypes, and the receptor agonists and antagonists used to study them.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Addiction Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/addiction"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494370.jpg" alt="Addiction Poster"></a><p class="small">Written by Prof David Nutt, this poster summarizes the brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems that are affected by the main classes of addictive drugs.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494370" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Addiction Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Addiction Poster" data-title="Addiction Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Depression Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by P. 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