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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head> <title> Products at PSMSL</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/graphics/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/graphics/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/android-chrome-512x512.png" sizes="512x512" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/graphics/manifest.json" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#3578b8" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/graphics/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/graphics/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#3578b8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" > </head> <body> <div id="global"> <div id="header"> <a href="#MainContent" class="hide" title="jump to main content">Jump to main content.</a> <a href="/"><img class="top_logo" src="/graphics/logo2023-psmsl.svg" height="90px" alt="Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) logo"></a> <!-- <a href="/"><img class="top_logo" src="/graphics/psmsl_noc_header.png" alt="Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) logo"></a> --> </div> <div id="TopMenuBar"> <ul id="level1Nav"> <li><a href="/about_us/" title="About Us" ><span class="TopMenu"> About Us </span></a></li> <li><a href="/data/" title="Data" ><span class="TopMenu"> Data </span></a></li> <li><a href="/products/ " title="Products"><span class="TopMenu"> Products </span></a></li> <li><a href="/gloss/ " title="GLOSS"><span class="TopMenu"> GLOSS </span></a></li> <li><a href="/train_and_info/ " title="Training and Information" ><span class="TopMenu"> Training </span></a></li> <!--<li><a href="/train_and_info/ " title="Training and Information" ><span class="TopMenu"> Training & Information </span></a></li>--> <li><a href="/links/ " title="Links" ><span class="TopMenu"> Links </span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="BreadCrumbs"> You are here: <a href="/">home > </a><a href="/products/">products > </a> </div> <div class="SideBar"> <h2 class="SideBarTitle"> Products </h2> <ul class="SideBarNav1"> <li><a href="/products/kml_data/" >Google Earth Visualisation</a></li> <li><a href="/products/data_coverage/" >PSMSL Data Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/products/gloss_handbook/" >GLOSS Station Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/products/anomalies/" >Mean Sea Level Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/products/trends/" >Derived Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/products/reconstructions/" >Sea Level Reconstructions</a></li> <li><a href="/products/commentaries/" >Commentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/products/author_archive/" >Author Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/products/gloss/" >GLOSS-Related Information</a></li> </ul> <div> <p class="center_text"> <a href="/about_us/support_us.php" class="donate_button">Donate</a> <br/> Donate to PSMSL </p> </div> </div> <div id="MainContent"> <h1>Products</h1> <p>PSMSL data have many applications within</p> <ul> <li>oceanography </li> <li>climate change studies </li> <li>geology</li> <li>geodesy </li> <li>surveying </li> </ul> <a href=" http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm" target="_blank"><img class="main" id="img_right" src="/products/ipcc.png" alt="image of IPCC report" border="0"></a> <p>The most familiar application is global and regional sea level rise and variability. The PSMSL data set is the main source of information on long term changes in global sea level during the last two centuries. The data have been employed intensively in studies such as those of <a href=" http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm" target="_blank"> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change </a>(IPCC).</p> The latest <abbr title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</abbr> report, published in 2021, finds that "Global mean sea level (GMSL) rose faster in the 20th century than in any prior century over the last three millennia (high confidence), with a 0.20 [0.15 to 0.25] m rise over the period 1901–2018 (high confidence). GMSL rise has accelerated since the late 1960s, with an average rate of 2.3 [1.6 to 3.1] mm yr<sup>–1</sup> over the period 1971–2018 increasing to 3.7 [3.2 to 4.2] mm yr<sup>–1</sup> over the period 2006–2018 (high confidence)" <br> (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-9/">IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Chapter 9</a>). <!-- report, published in 2013, finds that "It is very likely that the mean rate of global averaged sea level rise was 1.7 [1.5 to 1.9] mm/yr between 1901 and 2010, 2.0 [1.7 to 2.3] mm/yr between 1971 and 2010 and 3.2 [2.8 to 3.6] mm/yr between 1993 and 2010. Tide-gauge and satellite altimeter data are consistent regarding the higher rate of the latter period" (<a href="http://www.climatechange2013.org/" target="_blank">www.climatechange2013.org</a>). --> <p>This section provides only a brief overview of PSMSL data coverage and applications. For more detailed information, consult a textbook such as one of those listed in the <a href="/train_and_info/training/">Training and Information web page</a>. </p> </div> <div class="Footer"> <p> <a href="http://ioc-unesco.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/ioc_en_color_small_60.png" alt="Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission logo"></a> <a href="https://worlddatasystem.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/WDS_LOGO_LONG.png" alt="World Data System logo" height="60px"></a> <a href="http://www.ggos.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/ggos_logo_60.png" alt="Global Geodetic Observing System logo"></a> <a href="http://www.iag-aig.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/iag_logo_60.png" alt="International Association of Geodesy logo"></a> <a href="https://www.nerc.ac.uk/" target="_blank"><img id="nerclogo" src="/graphics/ukrinerc.png" alt="Natural Environment Research Council logo" height="60px"></a> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html>