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Global Sea Level Reconstructions
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html lang="en"> <head> <title> Global Sea Level Reconstructions</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/graphics/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/graphics/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/graphics/android-chrome-512x512.png" sizes="512x512" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/graphics/manifest.json" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#3578b8" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/graphics/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/graphics/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#3578b8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" > </head> <body> <div id="global"> <div id="header"> <a href="#MainContent" class="hide" title="jump to main content">Jump to main content.</a> <a href="/"><img class="top_logo" src="/graphics/logo2023-psmsl.svg" height="90px" alt="Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) logo"></a> <!-- <a href="/"><img class="top_logo" src="/graphics/psmsl_noc_header.png" alt="Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) logo"></a> --> </div> <div id="TopMenuBar"> <ul id="level1Nav"> <li><a href="/about_us/" title="About Us" ><span class="TopMenu"> About Us </span></a></li> <li><a href="/data/" title="Data" ><span class="TopMenu"> Data </span></a></li> <li><a href="/products/ " title="Products"><span class="TopMenu"> Products </span></a></li> <li><a href="/gloss/ " title="GLOSS"><span class="TopMenu"> GLOSS </span></a></li> <li><a href="/train_and_info/ " title="Training and Information" ><span class="TopMenu"> Training </span></a></li> <!--<li><a href="/train_and_info/ " title="Training and Information" ><span class="TopMenu"> Training & Information </span></a></li>--> <li><a href="/links/ " title="Links" ><span class="TopMenu"> Links </span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="BreadCrumbs"> You are here: <a href="/">home > </a><a href="/products/">products > </a><a href="/products/reconstructions/">reconstructions > </a> </div> <div class="SideBar"> <h2 class="SideBarTitle"> Products </h2> <ul class="SideBarNav1"> <li><a href="/products/kml_data/" >Google Earth Visualisation</a></li> <li><a href="/products/data_coverage/" >PSMSL Data Coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/products/gloss_handbook/" >GLOSS Station Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/products/anomalies/" >Mean Sea Level Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/products/trends/" >Derived Trends</a></li> <li><a href="/products/reconstructions/" >Sea Level Reconstructions</a></li> <li><a href="/products/commentaries/" >Commentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/products/author_archive/" >Author Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/products/gloss/" >GLOSS-Related Information</a></li> </ul> <div> <p class="center_text"> <a href="/about_us/support_us.php" class="donate_button">Donate</a> <br/> Donate to PSMSL </p> </div> </div> <div id="MainContent"> <h1>Global Sea Level Reconstructions</h1> <p>Tide gauge records are the primary data set used to determine the historical (100-200 year) sea level changes. They provide excellent measurements of relative sea level changes (related to the Earth's crust) at a particular location. However, there are two main limitations for tide gauge records:</p> <ul> <li>being attached to the land, which can move vertically </li> <li>being poorly distributed around the world, located at continental coastlines and on islands </li> </ul> <p>Carefully selected away from tectonically active areas and corrected for postglacial rebound (the vertical motion of the Earth's crust since the last deglaciation), a limited number (up to 24) of long term records have been used to estimate the linear trends in global sea level. Use of the limited number of historical records mostly located in Northern Hemisphere could lead to a possible larger error source for global sea level changes estimates due to poor spatial sampling of the tide gauges. If we are aiming to understand the non uniformed changes in global or regional sea level for the past 200 years, or to understand the role of inter-annual, decadal, or multi-decadal variability then there is a challenge to use a substantial amount of data collected by different countries that is available from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level.</p> <p>There are several reconstructions available here: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="church.php">Global Sea Level Reconstruction by Church and White</a>, GRL 2006, with an update in 2011. </li> <li> <a href="jevrejevaetal2006.php">Global Sea Level Reconstruction 1807-2002 by Jevrejeva et al.,</a> JGR 2006. </li> <li> <a href="jevrejevaetal2008.php">Global Sea Level Reconstruction 1700-2002 by Jevrejeva et al., </a> GRL 2008. </li> <li> <a href="ray_douglas_2011.php">1900-2009 Global Sea Level Reconstruction from Ray and Douglas</a>, Prog. Oceanogr. 2011. </li> <li> <a href="jevrejevaetal2014.php">Global Sea Level Reconstruction 1807-2010 by Jevrejeva et al., </a> GPC 2014.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="Footer"> <p> <a href="http://ioc-unesco.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/ioc_en_color_small_60.png" alt="Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission logo"></a> <a href="https://worlddatasystem.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/WDS_LOGO_LONG.png" alt="World Data System logo" height="60px"></a> <a href="http://www.ggos.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/ggos_logo_60.png" alt="Global Geodetic Observing System logo"></a> <a href="http://www.iag-aig.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/graphics/iag_logo_60.png" alt="International Association of Geodesy logo"></a> <a href="https://www.nerc.ac.uk/" target="_blank"><img id="nerclogo" src="/graphics/ukrinerc.png" alt="Natural Environment Research Council logo" height="60px"></a> </p> </div> </div> </body> </html>