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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1945" title="تاريخ تايوان منذ عام 1945 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ تايوان منذ عام 1945" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A0n-%C4%81u_T%C3%A2i-o%C3%A2n" title="Chiàn-āu Tâi-oân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiàn-āu Tâi-oân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_la_Xina_a_Taiwan" title="Història de la República de la Xina a Taiwan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de la República de la Xina a Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_China_en_Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Historia de la República de China en Taiwán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de la República de China en Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_de_Respubliko_%C4%88inio_post_1949" title="Historio de Respubliko Ĉinio post 1949 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio de Respubliko Ĉinio post 1949" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84_%EC%9D%B4%ED%9B%84_%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C" title="제2차 세계 대전 이후 대만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 세계 대전 이후 대만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93sekarang)" title="Sejarah Taiwan (1945–sekarang) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Taiwan (1945–sekarang)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B" title="ប្រវត្តិនៃការបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលនៃកោះតៃវ៉ាន់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រវត្តិនៃការបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលនៃកោះតៃវ៉ាន់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_da_China_em_Taiwan" title="História da República da China em Taiwan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da República da China em Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)" title="Історія Республіки Китай (Тайвань) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Республіки Китай (Тайвань)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_%C4%90%C3%A0i_Loan_t%E1%BB%AB_n%C4%83m_1945" title="Lịch sử Đài Loan từ năm 1945 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Đài Loan từ năm 1945" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣戰後時期 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="臺灣戰後時期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q712602#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard hlist" style="width:20em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Taiwan" title="Category:History of Taiwan">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History of <span class="fn org label">Taiwan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg/220px-1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg/330px-1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg/440px-1640_Map_of_Formosa-Taiwan_by_Dutch_%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%80%E7%B9%AA%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8168" data-file-height="5640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Chronological</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Prehistory</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> to 1624</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1624–1662</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1626–1642</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1662–1683</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Qing rule</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1683–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Formosa" title="Republic of Formosa">Republic of Formosa</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese rule</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1895–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of China rule</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1945–present</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Taiwan" title="Cultural history of Taiwan">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Taiwan" title="Economic history of Taiwan">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Taiwan" title="History of education in Taiwan">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwanese_historiography" title="History of Taiwanese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Taiwan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Taiwan" title="Military history of Taiwan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television_in_Taiwan" title="History of television in Taiwan">Television</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Local</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kaohsiung" title="History of Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taipei" title="History of Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Middag" title="Kingdom of Middag">Kingdom of Middag</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Taiwan" title="List of rulers of Taiwan">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Taiwan" title="List of archaeological sites in Taiwan">Archaeological sites</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Taiwan" title="Template:History of Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Taiwan" title="Template talk:History of Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Taiwan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="History of the Republic of China">History of the<br />Republic of China</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National emblem of the Republic of China"><img alt="National emblem of the Republic of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/150px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/225px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/300px-National_Emblem_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #707070;padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.5em;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #707070;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Education</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #707070;padding-top:0.2em;background:white;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"><span style="font-size:105%;">1912–1949</span><br />Mainland rule</a></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1912)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)">Provisional Gov't</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiyang Government">Beiyang Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">Warlord Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_massacre" title="Shanghai massacre">Shanghai massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Government_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Government (China)">Nationalist Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kuomintang-Communist_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War">Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Constitutional government</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #707070;padding-top:0.2em;background:white;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="font-size:105%;">1945–present</span><br />Taiwan</a></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrocession_of_Taiwan" title="Retrocession of Taiwan">Retrocession of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 28 Incident">February 28 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Exodus to Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Republic of China in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_National_Glory" title="Project National Glory">Project National Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Noes" title="Three Noes">Three Noes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Lily_student_movement" title="Wild Lily student movement">Wild Lily student movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law" title="Anti-Secession Law">Anti-Secession Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Xinhai_Revolution_and_Republic_of_China" title="100th Anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution and Republic of China">100th anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_Student_Movement" title="Sunflower Student Movement">Sunflower Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Ma–Xi meeting">2015 Ma–Xi meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Summer_Universiade" title="2017 Summer Universiade">2017 Summer Universiade</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #707070;padding-top:0.2em;background:white;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">History of</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">the PRC</a><br />(1949–present)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">Taiwan</a><br />(geographical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taipei" title="History of Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kaohsiung" title="History of Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Beijing" title="History of Beijing">Beijing</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kuomintang" title="History of the Kuomintang">the Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">the Taiwan issue</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.5em;border-bottom:1px solid #707070;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template:History of the Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:History of the Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupation of Japan</a> at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the islands of <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a> were placed under the governance of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (ROC),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT), on <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">25 October 1945</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/February_28_incident" title="February 28 incident">February 28 massacre in 1947</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">martial law</a> was <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">declared</a> in 1949 by the Governor of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Cheng" title="Chen Cheng">Chen Cheng</a>, and the ROC <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Republic_of_China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China)">Ministry of National Defense</a>. Following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> in 1949, the ROC government <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">retreated</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years, the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">expelled</a> the ROC and replaced it with the PRC. </p><p>In 1987, martial law was lifted and Taiwan began a democratisation process, beginning with the abolition of the Temporary Provisions and culminating with the <a href="/wiki/1996_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="1996 Taiwanese presidential election">first direct president election</a> in 1996. By 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> (DPP) came to power and began to pursue <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwanese independence and identity</a>. </p><p>Due to Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">ambiguous political status</a>, the ROC has participated in a number of international organizations under the name "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>". Under its <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a>, the PRC holds that the ROC ceased to exist and that Taiwan is an inseparable part of the PRC despite the fact that it has never controlled the island. Moreover, the PRC refuses diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC. However, the ROC still controls <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Quemoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Lienchiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">other minor islands</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_postwar_society">Early postwar society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early postwar society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>'s hostilities came to a close on 2 September 1945, with the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. Taiwan, which had been ceded to Japan by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> in 1895, was placed under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (ROC) by the promulgation of <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._1" title="General Order No. 1">General Order No. 1</a> and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Instrument of Surrender</a> on that day. </p><p><a href="/wiki/He_Yingqin" title="He Yingqin">He Yingqin</a>, the ROC representative at the Japanese surrender ceremonies, established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Chief_Executive_of_Taiwan_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province (page does not exist)">Office of the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:臺灣省行政長官公署">zh</a>]</span> separate from the provincial-level executive system on <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>. After the establishment of the provincial executive office, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a> was appointed Chief Executive. Chen proclaimed 25 October to be <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_Day" title="Retrocession Day">Retrocession Day</a>. However, because Japan had not formally relinquished the sovereignty of Taiwan at that time, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a> did not recognize the unilateral annexation of Taiwan by the Republic of China. </p><p>Chen Yi's administration was marred by corruption, as well as a lack of discipline in the military police assigned to occupation duties, resulting in a severe undermining of the chain of command. With the rampant corruption in his administration, Chen Yi began to monopolize power. In addition to this, the island's post-war economy was failing and headed into a recession, causing people on the island to endure economic hardship. The government's program of "De-Japanization" also created cultural estrangement, along with tensions between the growing population of migrants from the mainland and the pre-war residents of the island. The building tensions erupted in 1947, when the arrest of a cigarette vendor by government agents led to the death of a bystander. The clashes between police and residents that followed quickly spread across the island, and grew into a general rebellion against Chen Yi and the Chief Executive's Office in what came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/February_28_incident" title="February 28 incident">February 28 incident</a>. Several weeks later, government troops were sent to Taiwan from the mainland to handle the crisis and to suppress any opposition or resistance to the government. Many prominent individuals in Taiwanese society, as well as other residents of the island, many of whom had nothing to do with the incident, were either killed, imprisoned without trial, or simply disappeared. The February 28 Incident was a prelude to the <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a> of the 1950s, resulting in ethnic tensions between pre- and post-war residents, as well as the genesis of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement#History_of_Taiwan_independence" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwanese independence movement</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei,_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/275px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/413px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg/550px-%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E6%B0%91%E9%81%B8%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%89%E9%80%A3%E6%96%BC1951%E5%B9%B4%E5%8B%9D%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C_First_People-elected_Mayor_of_Taipei%2C_the_Capital_of_TAIWAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Non-Kuomintang Taiwanese politician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_San-lien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu San-lien (page does not exist)">Wu San-lien</a> (2L) celebrated his landslide victory (65.5%) in the first-time election for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Taipei" title="Mayor of Taipei">mayor of Taipei</a> in January 1951 with his supporters.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the February 28 Incident, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>-led ROC government reorganized the local government, abolishing the Chief Executive's Office, while establishing a new <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">provincial government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wey_Daw-ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Wey Daw-ming">Wey Daw-ming</a>, whose parents were scholars, became the first <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Provincial_Government#Governor_of_Taiwan" title="Taiwan Provincial Government">Governor of Taiwan Province</a> and, during his administration, reduced the scope of the public enterprises, which had grown significantly under Chen Yi. </p><p>Wey was succeeded as governor by <a href="/wiki/Chen_Cheng" title="Chen Cheng">Chen Cheng</a> in 1949. Wey reformed the currency system, replacing the devalued <a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a> with the <a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a>, at a 40,000:1 exchange rate, and implemented the <a href="/w/index.php?title=375_Rent_Reduction_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="375 Rent Reduction Act (page does not exist)">375 Rent Reduction Act</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%94%E6%B8%9B%E7%A7%9F%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:耕地三七五減租條例">zh</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> easing the inflationary situation. </p><p>The KMT viewed the population of Taiwan as corrupted by Japanese influence and neither fully Chinese or fully trustworthy. This perceived influence led the KMT to believe that the population of Taiwan was backwards and required re-education. The KMT sought to remove any trace of Japanese influence and to force a full Chinese identity on the people of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Japan's surrender, most of Taiwan's approximately 300,000 Japanese residents were <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_evacuation_and_expulsion" title="World War II evacuation and expulsion">expelled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KMT also seized properties from Japanese colonists either for sale or for their own use. In modern Taiwan these appropriated properties are considered ill-gotten assets.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KMT also took assets which had belonged to the Japanese colonial authorities. In 2017 a court ordered the KMT to pay compensation for 458 properties which had been expropriated in this way.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authoritarianism,_martial_rule_and_cold_war"><span id="Authoritarianism.2C_martial_rule_and_cold_war"></span>Authoritarianism, martial rule and cold war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authoritarianism, martial rule and cold war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror (Taiwan)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/275px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/413px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg/550px-U.S._President_Eisenhower_visited_TAIWAN_%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%BC1960%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E6%99%82%E8%88%87%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>With President <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> waved to crowds during his visit to <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan in June 1960.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 20 July 1946, <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> launched a large-scale assault on CCP territory in <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">Huabei</a> with 113 brigades (a total of 1.6 million troops), starting a new phase of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chen_Cheng" title="Chen Cheng">Chen Cheng</a>, who served as the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Provincial_Government" title="Taiwan Provincial Government">Taiwan Provincial Government</a> and commander of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Garrison_Command" title="Taiwan Garrison Command">Taiwan Garrison Command</a>, declared martial law on the island on 19 May 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A part of the Republic of China, Taiwan inherited the international pronouncement of the ROC government including the 1932 <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_correspondence" title="Diplomatic correspondence">Note Verbale</a> to France, where China declared that its southernmost territory was the Paracels.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Ed8694 has a history of unverifiable edits saying different things based on the same citations. (June 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)#Dubious" title="Talk:History of Taiwan (1945–present)">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In December 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, forcing the Government of the Republic of China to <a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_government_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" title="Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan">relocate to Taiwan</a>. This allowed the CCP to <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">declare the establishment</a> of a new Chinese state: the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following their retreat to Taiwan the KMT viewed their retreat as a temporary one with Chiang Kai-shek saying "prepare for one year, counterattack in two years, sweep out the enemy in three years and succeed within five years." This led them to prioritize military armament and preparation over economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/February_28_incident" title="February 28 incident">February 28 Incident</a>, the Nationalist government launched a <a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">campaign of suppression</a> against political dissents.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KMT mostly <a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">imprisoned Taiwan's intellectual and social elite</a> out of fear that they might resist their rule or sympathize with <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up and until 1958, small-scale military campaigns between the ROC forces and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA) were carried out across the strait. An attempt by the CCP government to take the ROC-controlled island of <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Quemoy</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guningtou" title="Battle of Guningtou">was thwarted</a> in October 1949, halting the PLA advance towards Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-QiB_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QiB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1950, amphibious operations were successful in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hainan_Island" title="Battle of Hainan Island">conquering Hainan Island</a> in April 1950, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Wanshan_Archipelago_Campaign" title="Wanshan Archipelago Campaign">capture of Wanshan Islands</a> off the Guangdong coast (May–August 1950) and <a href="/wiki/Zhoushan_Island" title="Zhoushan Island">Zhoushan Island</a> off Zhejiang (May 1950).<sup id="cite_ref-MacF_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacF-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This period of tension lasted until the <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Strait Crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the United States pledged to protect the island from the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From that point on, both sides of the strait have ceased all major hostilities against each other, with the ROC Navy having resumed unilateral combat and escort duties while the US Navy secretly and quietly removed their extra warships from the Taiwan Strait.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_reforms">Democratic reforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Democratic reforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/History of Taiwan (1945–present)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_Teng-hui_(president_5_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lee_Teng-hui_%28president_5_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lee_Teng-hui_%28president_5_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lee_Teng-hui_%28president_5_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lee_Teng-hui_%28president_5_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Lee_Teng-hui_%28president_5_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> (served from 1988 to 2000) nicknamed "Mr. Democracy" for his dedication to the democratization of Taiwan.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Republic of China entered into the development phase of constitutional democracy with the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a> in 1947. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> was also renamed as <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> and was nationalized. However, due to the Chinese Civil War, the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion</a> were passed as an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a>. This established martial law in Taiwan and curtailed civil liberties and democracy. The official rationale for the Provisions was the ongoing Chinese Civil War and ROC was effectively under the military rule of the KMT during the <a href="/wiki/Period_of_mobilization_for_the_suppression_of_Communist_rebellion" title="Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion">period of mobilization</a>. Taiwan was effectively under martial law. </p><p>However, with the demise of the KMT single-party system and democratization movement during the 1980s, martial law was eventually lifted in 1987 (and its provisions were eventually rescinded in 1991). <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional democracy">Constitutional democracy</a> was restored in ROC after 1987. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> relocated to Taiwan in 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Youth_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Youth Party">Chinese Youth Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="China Democratic Socialist Party">China Democratic Socialist Party</a>, and KMT were the only legal political parties in Taiwan. The other established parties operated under the <a href="/wiki/Tangwai_movement" title="Tangwai movement">Tangwai movement</a>. </p><p>Until the early 1970s, the Republic of China was recognized as the sole legitimate government of China by the United Nations and most Western nations, which refused to recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC) on account of the Cold War. The KMT rule of Taiwan under martial law until the late 1980s had the stated goals of being vigilant against Communist infiltration and preparing to retake mainland China. Therefore, political dissent was not tolerated. </p><p>The late 1970s and early 1980s were a turbulent time for the Taiwan-born as many of the people who had originally been oppressed and left behind by economic changes became members of Taiwan's new middle class. Free enterprise had allowed native Taiwanese to gain a powerful bargaining chip in their demands for respect for their basic human rights. The <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_Incident" title="Kaohsiung Incident">Kaohsiung Incident</a> would be a major turning point for democracy in Taiwan. </p><p>Taiwan also faced setbacks in the international sphere. In 1971, the ROC government walked out of the United Nations shortly before it recognized the PRC government in Beijing as the legitimate holder of China's seat in the United Nations. The ROC had been offered dual representation, but Chiang Kai-shek demanded to retain a seat on the UN Security Council, which was not acceptable to the PRC. Chiang expressed his decision in his famous "the sky is not big enough for two suns" speech. In October 1971, <a href="/wiki/Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="Resolution 2758">Resolution 2758</a> was passed by the UN General Assembly and "the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" (and thus the ROC) were expelled from the UN and replaced as "China" by the PRC. In 1979, the United States switched recognition from Taipei to Beijing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> died in April 1975 at the age of 87, and was succeeded in the presidency by <a href="/wiki/Yen_Chia-kan" title="Yen Chia-kan">Yen Chia-kan</a> while his son <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> succeeded to the leadership of the Kuomintang (opting to take the title "Chairman" rather than the elder Chiang's title of "Director-General"). Formerly the head of the feared secret police, Chiang Ching-kuo recognized gaining foreign support to securing the ROC's future security required reform. His administration saw a gradual loosening of political controls, a transition towards democracy, and moves toward Taiwanization of the regime. Opponents of the Nationalists were no longer forbidden to hold meetings or publish papers. Though opposition political parties were still illegal, when the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> was established as the first opposition party in 1986, President Chiang decided against dissolving the group or persecuting its leaders. Its candidates officially ran in elections as independents in the <a href="/wiki/Tangwai_movement" title="Tangwai movement">Tangwai movement</a>. In the following year, Chiang ended martial law and allowed family visits to mainland China. </p><p>Chiang selected <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a>, a Taiwan born technocrat to be his vice president, first in the line of succession to the presidency. The move followed other reforms giving more power to native-born citizens and calmed anti-KMT sentiments during a period in which many other Asian autocracies were being challenged. </p><p>After Chiang Ching-kuo died in 1988, his successor, President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a>, continued to democratize the government. Lee transferred more government authority to Taiwanese-born citizens, and Taiwan underwent a process of localization. In this localization process, local culture and history was promoted over a pan-China viewpoint. Lee's reforms included printing banknotes from the Central Bank instead of the usual Provincial Bank of Taiwan. He also largely suspended the operation of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Provincial_Government" title="Taiwan Provincial Government">Taiwan Provincial Government</a>. In 1991 the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly" title="National Assembly">National Assembly</a>, elected in 1947, were forced to resign. These groups were originally created to represent mainland China constituencies. Also lifted were the restrictions on the use of Taiwanese languages in the broadcast media and in schools.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lee Teng-hui believed that agriculture was the backbone of a nation and promoted it extensively. He implemented health insurance and occupational hazard insurance programs for farmers. He also emphasized the Japanese roots of much of Taiwan's agricultural infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attempting to maintain good relations with the PRC, Taiwan avoided any criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square Massacre">Tiananmen Square Massacre</a> and the media was largely barred from reporting on it. A group of students who attempted to sail a chartered ship into the Formosa Strait and beam pro-democracy broadcasts into China via amateur radio were foiled by the government by putting various obstacles in their way that caused them to abandon the attempt. </p><p>However, Lee failed to crack down on the massive corruption that pervaded the government and many KMT loyalists felt that Lee betrayed the ROC by taking reforms too far, while those in the opposition felt he did not take reforms far enough. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_period">Democratic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Democratic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lee ran as the incumbent in Taiwan's first direct <a href="/wiki/1996_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="1996 Taiwanese presidential election">presidential election</a> in 1996 against DPP candidate and former dissident, Peng Min-ming. This election prompted the PRC to conduct a series of missile tests in the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> to intimidate the Taiwanese electorate so that electorates would vote for pro-unification candidates, Chen Li-an and Lin Yang-kang. The aggressive tactic prompted U.S. President Clinton to invoke the Taiwan Relations Act and dispatch two aircraft carrier battle groups into the region off Taiwan's southern coast to monitor the situation, and PRC's missile tests were forced to end earlier than planned. This incident is known as the <a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">1996 Taiwan Straits Crisis</a>. </p><p>One of Lee's final acts as president was to declare on German radio that the ROC and the PRC have a special state-to-state relationship. Lee's statement was met with the PLA conducting military drills in Fujian and a frightening island-wide blackout in Taiwan, causing many to fear an attack. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg/220px-Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg/330px-Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg/440px-Chen_Shui_Bian_MOD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> was elected as the first non-KMT president of Taiwan in 2000</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png/220px-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png/330px-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png/440px-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%85%A7.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> was the first female president of Taiwan, served from 2016 to 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2000_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2000 Taiwanese presidential election">2000 presidential election</a> marked the end of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s status as the ruling party. The DPP candidate <a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> was elected president with <a href="/wiki/Annette_Lu" title="Annette Lu">Annette Lu</a> as vice-president, after a three-way race that saw the Pan-Blue vote split by independent James Soong (formerly of the Kuomintang) and Kuomintang candidate Lien Chan. Chen garnered 39% of the vote. After the election, Soong formed the <a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="People First Party (Republic of China)">People First Party</a> (PFP). </p><p>In August 2002, President Chen openly indicated that the <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">relationship between Taiwan and the mainland</a> is "<a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a>". This declaration led to disputations throughout <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. In 2004, the day before the <a href="/wiki/2004_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2004 Taiwanese presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, there was a supposed <a href="/wiki/March_19_shooting_incident" title="March 19 shooting incident">assassination attempt</a> on President Chen and Vice-president Lu. They were re-elected the next day, although the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> disputed the legality of the result due to the close margin of the election and the shooting incident. In 2005, an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of the Republic of China">National Assembly</a> passed constitutional amendments ruling that elections for the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> change to use of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">parallel voting</a>, aiding the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of scandals in the DPP administration, on 9 September 2006, former chairperson of the DPP, <a href="/wiki/Shih_Ming-teh" title="Shih Ming-teh">Shih Ming-teh</a>, led an anti-Chen Shui-bian campaign called the <a href="/wiki/Million_Voices_Against_Corruption,_President_Chen_Must_Go" title="Million Voices Against Corruption, President Chen Must Go">Million Voices Against Corruption, President Chen Must Go</a> but did not achieve the desired result of President Chen's resignation. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The KMT also retained control of the legislature in the Legislative Yuan elections in January 2008. In the presidential <a href="/wiki/2008_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Taiwanese presidential election">election</a> in May 2008, KMT candidate <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> ran on a platform supporting friendlier relations with mainland China and economic reforms and defeated DPP candidate Frank Hsieh with 58.48% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ma was re-elected, and the KMT retained its majority in the Legislative Yuan, in combined elections in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_general_election" title="2016 Taiwanese general election">2016 elections</a>, the DPP regained power with <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> becoming Taiwan's first female president.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 May 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Constitutional Court</a> ruled that same-sex couples have a right to marry, and gave the Legislature Yuan two years to adequately amend Taiwanese marriage laws. According to the court ruling, if amendments are not passed within two years, same-sex marriages will automatically become legal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In effect, Taiwan (ROC) became the first country in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the first non-UN sovereign state to allow same-sex marriage in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The local <a href="/wiki/2018_Taiwanese_local_elections" title="2018 Taiwanese local elections">elections</a> held on November 24, 2018, resulted in a major setback for the DPP majority and led to President <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> resignation as leader of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DPP lost a total of nine legislative seats, giving the KMT control of the majority of the 22 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> KMT mayoral candidates won in <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, the latter of which has been a political stronghold for the DPP for 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2019, Taiwan became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January, 2020, Tsai Ing-wen was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2020 Taiwanese presidential election">presidential election</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Taiwanese_legislative_election" title="2020 Taiwanese legislative election">parliamentary election</a> President Tsai's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) won majority 61 out of 113 seats. The Kuomintang (KMT) won 38 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Nancy_Pelosi_to_Taiwan" title="2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan">2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan</a> resulted in increased tensions between Taiwan and China while reinforcing US-Taiwan ties.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the trip the PLA conducted <a href="/wiki/2022_Chinese_military_exercises_around_Taiwan" title="2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan">military exercises around Taiwan</a>, included missile launches which overflew Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">William Lai Ching-te</a> of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party won Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/2024_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2024 Taiwanese presidential election">presidential elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for the first time since 2004, no party won a majority in the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/2024_Taiwanese_legislative_election" title="2024 Taiwanese legislative election">legislative election</a>. Instead, 51 seats were secured by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), 52 seats by the Kuomintang (KMT), and the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_People%27s_Party" title="Taiwan People's Party">Taiwan People's Party</a> (TPP) secured eight seats.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cross-straits_relations_and_international_position">Cross-straits relations and international position</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cross-straits relations and international position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div> <p>At the end of 1943, the <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> was issued, including among its clauses that all territories of China, including Formosa (Taiwan), that Japan had occupied would be returned to Republic of China. This declaration was reiterated in the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>, issued in 1945. Later that year, World War II ended, and Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration, surrendering unconditionally. The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces commanded that the Japanese forces in Taiwan surrender to the government of the Republic of China, which acted as the representative of the Allied Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 October 1945 in <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Zhongshan_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Zhongshan Hall">Taipei Zhongshan Hall</a>, the Japanese government in Taiwan surrendered to the representative of the Republic of China, Chen Yi, the Republic of China formally receiving Taiwan. In 1951, Japan formally signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a>, but, due to the unclear situation of the Chinese civil war, the peace treaty did not clearly indicate to whom Taiwan's sovereignty belonged. In the second article of the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Taipei" title="Treaty of Taipei">Treaty of Taipei</a>, following the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan reiterated its abandonment of sovereignty of Taiwan, the Pescadores, the Spratlys and the Paracels. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) continued a state of war until 1979. In October 1949 a PRC attempt to take the ROC controlled island of <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> was thwarted in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kuningtou" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kuningtou">Battle of Kuningtou</a> halting the PLA advance towards Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-QiB_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QiB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Communists' other amphibious operations of 1950 were more successful: they led to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hainan_Island" title="Battle of Hainan Island">Communist conquest of Hainan Island</a> in April 1950, <a href="/wiki/Wanshan_Archipelago_Campaign" title="Wanshan Archipelago Campaign">capture of Wanshan Islands</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> coast (May–August 1950) and of <a href="/wiki/Zhoushan_Island" title="Zhoushan Island">Zhoushan Island</a> off <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> (May 1950).<sup id="cite_ref-MacF_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacF-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1949 the ROC declared a "closure" of all mainland China ports and its navy attempted to intercept all foreign ships. The closure covered from a point north of the mouth of <a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Fujian)" title="Min River (Fujian)">Min River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a> in Manchuria.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsang_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since mainland China's railroad network was underdeveloped, north–south trade depended heavily on sea lanes. ROC naval activity also caused severe hardship for mainland China fishermen. </p><p>After losing mainland China, a group of approximately 12,000 KMT soldiers escaped to <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> and continued launching guerrilla attacks into south China. Their leader, General <a href="/wiki/Li_Mi_(Republic_of_China_general)" title="Li Mi (Republic of China general)">Li Mi</a>, was paid a salary by the ROC government and given the nominal title of Governor of <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. Initially, the United States supported these remnants and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> provided them with aid. After the Burmese government appealed to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 1953, the U.S. began pressuring the ROC to withdraw its loyalists. By the end of 1954, nearly 6,000 soldiers had left Burma and Li Mi declared his army disbanded. However, thousands remained, and the ROC continued to supply and command them, even secretly supplying reinforcements at times. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, some captured Communist Chinese soldiers, many of whom were originally KMT soldiers, were repatriated to Taiwan rather than mainland China. A KMT guerrilla force continued to operate cross-border raids into south-western China in the early 1950s. The ROC government launched a number of air bombing raids into key coastal cities of mainland China such as <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. </p><p>Though viewed as a military liability by the United States, the ROC viewed its remaining islands in <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province,_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province, Republic of China">Fujian</a> as vital for any future campaign to defeat the PRC and retake mainland China. On 3 September 1954, the <a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> began when the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">PLA</a> started shelling <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Quemoy</a> and threatened to take the <a href="/wiki/Dachen_Islands" title="Dachen Islands">Dachen Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsang_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 January 1955, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">PLA</a> took nearby <a href="/wiki/Yijiangshan_Islands" title="Yijiangshan Islands">Yijiangshan Island</a>, with the entire ROC garrison of 720 troops killed or wounded defending the island. On January 24 of the same year, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Resolution_of_1955" title="Formosa Resolution of 1955">Formosa Resolution</a> authorizing the President to defend the ROC's offshore islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsang_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Taiwan Straits crisis ended in March 1955 when the PLA ceased its bombardment. The crisis was brought to a close during the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsang_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a> began on 23 August 1958 with air and naval engagements between the PRC and the ROC military forces, leading to intense artillery bombardment of <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Quemoy</a> (by the PRC) and <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Amoy</a> (by the ROC), and ended on November of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsang_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PLA patrol boats blockaded the islands from ROC supply ships. Though the United States rejected <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s proposal to bomb mainland China artillery batteries, it quickly moved to supply fighter jets and anti-aircraft missiles to the ROC. It also provided <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious assault</a> ships to land supply, as a sunken ROC naval vessel was blocking the harbor. On September 7, the United States escorted a convoy of ROC supply ships and the PRC refrained from firing. On October 25, the PRC announced an "even-day ceasefire" — the PLA would only shell Quemoy on odd-numbered days. </p><p>Despite the end of the hostilities, the two sides have never signed any agreement or treaty to officially end the war. </p><p>After the 1950s, the "war" became more symbolic than real, represented by on-again, off-again artillery bombardment towards and from <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>. In later years, live shells were replaced with propaganda sheets. The bombardment finally ceased in 1979 after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States. </p><p>During this period, movement of people and goods virtually ceased between PRC- and ROC-controlled territories. There were occasional defectors. One high-profile defector was <a href="/wiki/Justin_Yifu_Lin" title="Justin Yifu Lin">Justin Yifu Lin</a>, who swam across the Kinmen strait to mainland China and is now Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. </p><p>Most observers expected Chiang's government to eventually fall in response to a PRC invasion of Taiwan, and the United States initially showed no interest in supporting Chiang's government in its final stand. Things changed radically with the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> in June 1950. At this point, allowing a total Communist victory over Chiang became politically impossible in the United States, and President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet" title="United States Seventh Fleet">United States Seventh Fleet</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a> to prevent the ROC and PRC from attacking each other.<sup id="cite_ref-BushR_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BushR-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the ROC complained to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> supporting the PRC, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_505" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505</a> was adopted on 1 February 1952 to condemn the Soviet Union. </p><p>In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">March 7 Incident</a> (Lieyu massacre) in <a href="/wiki/Lieyu" title="Lieyu">Lesser Kinmen</a> cast a profound ripple on the cross-strait relation between China and Taiwan—4 months later on July 15, the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">martial law in Taiwan</a> was lifted; and 5 months later on December 15, the ROC government began to allow visits to mainland China. This benefited many, especially old KMT soldiers, who had been separated from their family in mainland China for decades. This also proved a catalyst for the thawing of relations between the two sides. Problems engendered by increased contact necessitated a mechanism for regular negotiations. </p><p>In order to effect negotiations with mainland China on operational issues without compromising the government's position on denying the other side's legitimacy, the ROC government under <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang Ching-kuo</a> created the "<a href="/wiki/Straits_Exchange_Foundation" title="Straits Exchange Foundation">Straits Exchange Foundation</a>" (SEF), a nominally non-governmental institution directly led by the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>, an instrument of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>. The PRC responded to this initiative by setting up the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Relations_Across_the_Taiwan_Straits" title="Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits">Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits</a> (ARATS), directly led by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">Taiwan Affairs Office</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>. This system, described as "white gloves", allowed the two governments to engage with each other on a semi-official basis without compromising their respective sovereignty policies. </p><p>Led by highly respected elder statesmen <a href="/wiki/Koo_Chen-fu" title="Koo Chen-fu">Koo Chen-fu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wang_Daohan" title="Wang Daohan">Wang Daohan</a>, the two organizations began a series of talks that culminated in the 1992 meetings, which, together with subsequent correspondence, established the <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a>, under which both sides agreed to deliberate ambiguity on questions of sovereignty, in order to engage on operational questions affecting both sides. </p><p>Also during this time, however, the rhetoric of ROC President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Tung-hui" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Tung-hui">Lee Tung-hui</a> began to turn further towards Taiwan independence. Prior to the 1990s, the ROC had been a one-party authoritarian state committed to eventual reunification with mainland China. However, with democratic reforms the attitudes of the general public began to influence policy in Taiwan. As a result, the ROC government shifted away from its commitment to the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a> and towards a separate political identity for Taiwan. <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party</a>, was also unwilling to compromise. Jiang notoriously attempted to influence the 1996 ROC election in Taiwan by conducting a missile exercise designed to intimidate Taiwanese voters and interfere with international shipping, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Third Taiwan Strait Crisis</a>. By 1998, semi-official talks had broken down. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> was elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the ROC</a> in 2000. Politically, Chen is pro-<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence</a>. Chen's repudiation of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Consensus" title="1992 Consensus">1992 Consensus</a> combined with the PRC's insistence that the ROC agree to a <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">"One China" principle</a> for negotiations to occur prevented improvement in cross-strait relations. </p><p>Up until the 1970s, the international community generally considered the Kuomintang on Taiwan to be the legal representative of China, but acknowledgment of the nation of the People's Republic of China slowly increased. In 1954, the Republic of China and the United States signed the <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China</a>. In 1971, the United Nations acknowledged the People's Republic of China to be the sole legal representative of China (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758</a>). The KMT government strengthened their "<a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">the thief</a> cannot both stand" (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B3%8A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A9%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:漢賊不兩立">漢賊不兩立</a>) stance and announced withdrawal from the United Nations. After this, the international position of the Republic of China slid to a large extent. In 1979, when the United States broke relations, it created an even more severe attack on the diplomatic plight of the ROC. In recent years, the ROC government has tried several times to apply anew to enter international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization, but, under the opposing side's powerful obstruction, there has been no success. </p><p>The question of the political status of Taiwan or whether the two sides are moving toward unification or seeking <i>de jure</i> independence is still unresolved. The assertion of the People's Republic of China both domestically and internationally is "Whether from the perspective of history, government or international law, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. The political status of Taiwan is a Chinese domestic affair, and, under the premise of no hope for unification as well as certain other (conditions), (the Chinese government) does not abandon (the possibility of) the use of force to resolve it."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those persons promoting Taiwan independence feel that, because of the Treaty of San Francisco signed by Japan and the United States and the unclear indication of the handover of Taiwan's sovereignty (the status of Taiwan was not decided on), Taiwan's future direction should be decided upon by the people of Taiwan and that the People's Republic of China not be permitted to threaten the use of force.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 March 2005, the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> of the People's Republic of China passed the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Secession_Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China">Anti-Secession Law</a>, making clear for the first time in legal form the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China principle</a>. Some people in Taiwan felt dissatisfied about this, and, on March 26, hundreds of thousands of people went to the streets of Taipei, participating in the 326 Protect Taiwan Demonstration, indicating their strong dissatisfaction with and protest of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning on 26 April 2005, KMT, and various Pan-Blue political parties visited mainland China, creating an upsurge in the political dialogue between the two sides (see <a href="/wiki/2005_Pan-Blue_visits_to_mainland_China" title="2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China">2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China</a>), but cross-straits relations are still full of uncertainty. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ci581_pek.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ci581_pek.JPG/220px-Ci581_pek.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ci581_pek.JPG/330px-Ci581_pek.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ci581_pek.JPG/440px-Ci581_pek.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flight CAL581, first direct <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Taoyuan_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport">TPE</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beijing_Capital_International_Airport" title="Beijing Capital International Airport">PEK</a> flight, also first direct flight between <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, 29 January 2005.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_charter" title="Cross-strait charter">Cross-strait charter</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and Taiwan resumed regular weekend <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_charter" title="Cross-strait charter">cross-strait charter</a> direct flights on 4 July 2008, for the first time in six decades, as a "new start" in their tense relations. Liu Shaoyong, the <a href="/wiki/China_Southern_Airlines" title="China Southern Airlines">China Southern Airlines</a> chair, piloted the first flight from <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Songshan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Songshan Airport">Taipei Songshan Airport</a>. Simultaneously, a Taiwan-based <a href="/wiki/China_Airlines" title="China Airlines">China Airlines</a> flew to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. A total of five mainland Chinese cities will be connected with eight Taiwan airports, with four days a week, 36 round-trip flights across the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a>, thereby eliminating time-consuming Hong Kong stopovers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 November 2015, a <a href="/wiki/Ma%E2%80%93Xi_meeting" title="Ma–Xi meeting">meeting</a> was held by ROC president <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> and CCP <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>Recognition of the ROC has dwindled over the years. Recognition was withdrawn by <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a> in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> on 21 December 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> in May 2017 (with unofficial relations from 1996 onwards),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> on 13 June 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> on 1 May 2018, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> on 24 May 2018, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> on 20 August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> in September 2019, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> in December 2021, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> in March 2023, and <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> in January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 11 UN member states (<a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> maintain relations with the ROC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_growth">Economic growth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economic growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Taiwan" title="Economic history of Taiwan">Economic history of Taiwan</a></div> <p>During the post-war period, Taiwan was lacking in goods and materials, the economy was depressed, and inflation was severe. After the national government moved to Taiwan, agriculture was first to grow, and, in 1953, Taiwan's economy returned to its pre-war level. After this, the government pursued a policy of "Nurture industry with agriculture"(以農養工) on the foundation established during Japanese rule. With the capital, manpower, and skilled labor that was in Taiwan, American aid,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc., Taiwan's economy progressively moved toward rapid growth. In the 1950s, the government carried out an <a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">import substitution</a> policy, taking what was obtained by agriculture to give support to the industrial sector, trading agricultural product exports for foreign currency to import industrial machinery, thus developing the industrial sector. The government raised tariffs, controlled foreign exchange and restricted imports in order to protect domestic industry. By the 1960s, Taiwan's import exchange industry was faced with the problem of saturating the domestic market. At the same time, the factories of some industrialized nations, because of rising wages and other reasons, slowly moved to certain areas that had both basic industry and low labor costs. Consequently, the economic policy of Taiwan changed to pursue <a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">export expansion</a>. In 1960, the government enacted the "Regulations for Encouraging Investment", actively competing for foreign business investment in Taiwan. In 1966, the government established the Kaohsiung Export Processing Zone, Asia's first <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">export processing zone</a>, to expand the manufacturing production. In the role of a manufacturing relay station, Taiwan became a link in the international system of division of labor. In 1963, the proportion of Taiwan's economy occupied by industry exceeded that of agriculture. From 1968, Taiwan maintained two-digit long-term annual average economic growth up until the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, Taiwan had a foreign trade surplus and continued from then on in an export state and a major producer of electronics goods. </p><p>After retreating to Taiwan, Chiang learned from his mistakes and failures in the mainland and blamed them for failing to pursue Sun Yat-sen's ideals of Tridemism and welfarism. Chiang's land reform more than doubled the land ownership of Taiwanese farmers. It removed the rent burdens on them, with former land owners using the government compensation to become the new capitalist class. He promoted a mixed economy of state and private ownership with economic planning. Chiang also promoted a 9-years compulsory education and the importance of science in Taiwanese education and values. These measures generated great success with consistent and strong growth and the stabilization of inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Taiwan" title="Sport in Taiwan">Sport in Taiwan</a></div> <p>Football was introduced to Taiwan in 1916 by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Band" title="Edward Band">Edward Band</a> who was the principal of Tainan's Chang Jung High School. The Chang Jung High School team is considered to be the first football team in Taiwan with all current teams being in some way descendant of it.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Chinese Civil War the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) recognized both the PRC and the ROC Olympic Committees in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Chan_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chan-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, The PRC withdrew its membership from the IOC and nine other international sports organizations in protest against the two-Chinas policy. After the withdrawal of the PRC, the IOC had been using a number of names in international Olympic activities to differentiate the ROC from the PRC. "Formosa" was used at the <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960 Summer Olympics</a>, and "Taiwan" was used in <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, the PRC applied to rejoin the IOC as the sole sports organization representing the whole China.<sup id="cite_ref-Chan_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chan-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Taiwanese team, competing under the name of Republic of China at the previous Olympics, was refused to represent itself as the "Republic of China" or use "China" in its name by host Canadian government at the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1979, the IOC recognized the Olympic Committee of the PRC and maintained recognition of the Olympic Committee located in Taipei.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1981, the ROC government formally accepted the name "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">History of the People's Republic of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) established in 1949.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLand_Reform_Museum_(土地改革紀念館)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Land Reform Museum (土地改革紀念館). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725231349/http://www.landreform.org.tw/html/02-05.htm">"Looking for History (尋訪歷史)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landreform.org.tw/html/02-05.htm">the original</a> on July 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+for+History+%28%E5%B0%8B%E8%A8%AA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%29&rft.au=Land+Reform+Museum+%28%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E9%A4%A8%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landreform.org.tw%2Fhtml%2F02-05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawley2021" class="citation web cs1">Dawley, Evan (June 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hnn.us/article/180486">"A Celebrity Apology and the Reality of Taiwan"</a>. <i>hnn.us</i>. 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(July 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqwKCgAAQBAJ"><i>Japanese Taiwan: Colonial Rule and its Contested Legacy</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 115–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-7674-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-7674-3"><bdi>978-1-4725-7674-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Taiwan%3A+Colonial+Rule+and+its+Contested+Legacy&rft.pages=115-118&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-7674-3&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Andrew+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqwKCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2017" class="citation web cs1">Yang, Sophia (August 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3241183">"KMT properties in Taiwan valued at NT$865 million to be seized"</a>. <i>www.taiwannews.com.tw</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taiwannews.com.tw&rft.atitle=KMT+properties+in+Taiwan+valued+at+NT%24865+million+to+be+seized&rft.date=2017-08-28&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3241183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWei-han2017" class="citation web cs1">Wei-han, Chen (July 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/07/18/2003674781">"KMT rejects order to pay compensation"</a>. <i>www.taipeitimes.com</i>. Taipei Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614185839/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/07/18/2003674781">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taipeitimes.com&rft.atitle=KMT+rejects+order+to+pay+compensation&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft.aulast=Wei-han&rft.aufirst=Chen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2017%2F07%2F18%2F2003674781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nguyễn Anh Thái (chief author); Nguyễn Quốc Hùng; Vũ Ngọc Oanh; Trần Thị Vinh; Đặng Thanh Toán; Đỗ Thanh Bình (2002). Lịch sử thế giới hiện đại (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City: Giáo Dục Publisher. pp. 320–322. 8934980082317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan_Chueng2016" class="citation news cs1">Han Chueng (May 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2016/05/15/2003646284">"Taiwan in Time: The precursor to total control"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206215023/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2016/05/15/2003646284">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+in+Time%3A+The+precursor+to+total+control&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2016-05-15&rft.au=Han+Chueng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2016%2F05%2F15%2F2003646284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChemillier-GendreauSutcliffeMcDonald2000" class="citation book cs1">Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique; Sutcliffe, H.L.; McDonald, M. (January 1, 2000). "Annex 10". <i>Sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands</i>. Brill | Nijhoff. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004479425_008">10.1163/9789004479425_008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1381-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-1381-8"><bdi>978-90-411-1381-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Annex+10&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+over+the+Paracel+and+Spratly+Islands&rft.pub=Brill+%7C+Nijhoff&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004479425_008&rft.isbn=978-90-411-1381-8&rft.aulast=Chemillier-Gendreau&rft.aufirst=Monique&rft.au=Sutcliffe%2C+H.L.&rft.au=McDonald%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestad2003" class="citation book cs1">Westad, Odd (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decisiveencounte00west"><i>Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/decisiveencounte00west/page/305">305</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4484-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-4484-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-4484-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decisive+Encounters%3A+The+Chinese+Civil+War%2C+1946%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-4484-3&rft.aulast=Westad&rft.aufirst=Odd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecisiveencounte00west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan2016" class="citation news cs1">Han, Cheung (December 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2016/12/04/2003660529">"Taiwan in Time: The Great Retreat"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200620173131/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2016/12/04/2003660529">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+in+Time%3A+The+Great+Retreat&rft.date=2016-12-04&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Cheung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2016%2F12%2F04%2F2003660529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrook2022" class="citation web cs1">Crook, Steven (September 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2022/09/03/2003784661">"Exploring Hsinchu's military past"</a>. <i>taipeitimes.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taipeitimes.com&rft.atitle=Exploring+Hsinchu%27s+military+past&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft.aulast=Crook&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2022%2F09%2F03%2F2003784661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinstein2007" class="citation book cs1">Rubinstein, Murray A. (2007). <i>Taiwan: A New History</i>. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765614957" title="Special:BookSources/9780765614957"><bdi>9780765614957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=Armonk%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780765614957&rft.aulast=Rubinstein&rft.aufirst=Murray+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2005" class="citation news cs1">Huang, Tai-lin (May 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/05/20/2003255840">"White Terror exhibit reveals part of the truth"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220145619/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/05/20/2003255840">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=White+Terror+exhibit+reveals+part+of+the+truth&rft.date=2005-05-20&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Tai-lin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2005%2F05%2F20%2F2003255840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QiB-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QiB_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QiB_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Qi, Bangyuan. Wang, Dewei. Wang, David Der-wei. [2003] (2003). The Last of the Whampoa Breed: Stories of the Chinese Diaspora. Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-13002-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-13002-3">0-231-13002-3</a>. p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacF-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacF_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacF_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacFarquhar, Roderick. Fairbank, John K. Twitchett, Denis C. [1991] (1991). The Cambridge History of China. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China+military+%27completes+tasks%27+around+Taiwan%2C+plans+regular+patrols&rft.date=2022-08-11&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Martin+Quin&rft.au=Lee%2C+Yimou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fchina-extends-military-drills-around-taiwan-after-pelosi-visit-2022-08-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/1/13/taiwan-votes-in-closely-watched-presidential-and-parliamentary-elections">"Photos: Taiwan holds closely watched presidential and parliamentary polls"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+Taiwan+holds+closely+watched+presidential+and+parliamentary+polls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fgallery%2F2024%2F1%2F13%2Ftaiwan-votes-in-closely-watched-presidential-and-parliamentary-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202401130014">"No party gets majority in Legislature; KMT wins most seats - Focus Taiwan"</a>. <i>Focus Taiwan - CNA English News</i>. January 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan+-+CNA+English+News&rft.atitle=No+party+gets+majority+in+Legislature%3B+KMT+wins+most+seats+-+Focus+Taiwan&rft.date=2024-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fpolitics%2F202401130014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021014090104/http://taiwandocuments.org/surrender05.htm">"Congressional Record"</a>. September 6, 1945. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwandocuments.org/surrender05.htm">the original</a> on October 14, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressional+Record&rft.date=1945-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwandocuments.org%2Fsurrender05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsang-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tsang_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsang_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsang_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsang_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsang_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsang, Steve Yui-Sang Tsang. 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Brookings Institution Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8157-1288-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8157-1288-X">0-8157-1288-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Taiwan_Affairs_Office_and_the_Information_Office_of_the_State_Council" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Affairs_Office" title="Taiwan Affairs Office">The Taiwan Affairs Office and the Information Office of the State Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704234045/http://www.gwytb.gov.cn:8088/detail.asp?table=WhitePaper&title=White-Papers-On-Taiwan-Issue&m_id=4">"The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue"</a>. 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March 26, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070101173532/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4382971.stm">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taiwan+rallies+against+China+law&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fasia-pacific%2F4382971.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4384279.stm">"In pictures: Taiwan protest"</a>. BBC News. March 26, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930014050/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4384279.stm">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+Taiwan+protest&rft.date=2005-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_pictures%2F4384279.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gpvkhG_kZMjiQFpVl1l7GQqYkV-w">"Afp.google.com, China, Taiwan resume direct flights"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213215725/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gpvkhG_kZMjiQFpVl1l7GQqYkV-w">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afp.google.com%2C+China%2C+Taiwan+resume+direct+flights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gpvkhG_kZMjiQFpVl1l7GQqYkV-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7488965.stm">"Direct China-Taiwan flights begin"</a>. July 4, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080831032934/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7488965.stm">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2023</span> – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Direct+China-Taiwan+flights+begin&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7488965.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al Jazeera. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/gambia-breaks-off-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan-2013111422285906417.html">Gambia breaks off diplomatic ties with Taiwan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504121306/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/11/gambia-breaks-off-diplomatic-ties-with-taiwan-2013111422285906417.html">Archived</a> May 4, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwantoday.tw/fp.asp?xItem=250573&CtNode=2194">"Office of the President issues statement on severance of ties with São Tomé and Príncipe"</a>. <i>Taiwan Today</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Sao+Tome+and+Principe+cuts+Taipei+ties&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2F2003661692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/05/18/2003670817">"Fiji office closure not due to pressure from China: ministry"</a>. Taipei Times. May 18, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517182332/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/05/18/2003670817">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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National Policy Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/NS/091/NS-C-091-011.htm">the original</a> on July 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Taipei&rft.pub=National+Policy+Foundation&rft.date=2002-01-10&rft.au=Joe+Hung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.npf.org.tw%2FPUBLICATION%2FNS%2F091%2FNS-C-091-011.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Taiwan+%281945%E2%80%93present%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Under Japanese rule</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">1895–1945</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History of Taiwan</a><br />Under Republic of China rule </b><br />1945–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">–</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taiwan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_topics" title="Template:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taiwan_topics" title="Template talk:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taiwan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Taiwan-related_articles" title="Index of Taiwan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Taiwanese_history" title="Timeline of Taiwanese history">Timeline of Taiwanese history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Taiwan" title="List of archaeological sites in Taiwan">archaeological sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Chinese_contact_with_Taiwan" title="Early Chinese contact with Taiwan">Early Chinese contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Middag" title="Kingdom of Middag">Kingdom of Middag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qing_rule" title="Taiwan under Qing rule">Taiwan under Qing rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Formosa" title="Republic of Formosa">Republic of Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan under Japanese rule</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retreat_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan">Retreat to Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanbi_policy" title="Guanbi policy">Guanbi policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Taiwan)" title="White Terror (Taiwan)">White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Taiwan" title="Martial law in Taiwan">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Policy_in_Taiwan%27s_White_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Policy in Taiwan's White Terror">Mandarin policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Taiwan" title="List of beaches in Taiwan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Taiwan" title="List of cities in Taiwan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan#Climate" title="Geography of Taiwan">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Taiwan" title="Deforestation in Taiwan">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Taiwan" title="List of earthquakes in Taiwan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endemic_species_of_Taiwan" title="List of endemic species of Taiwan">Endemic species</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_species_in_Taiwan" title="List of protected species in Taiwan">Protected species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_hot_springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese hot springs">Hot springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Taiwan" title="List of lakes of Taiwan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Taiwan" title="List of mountains in Taiwan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Taiwan" title="National parks of Taiwan">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Taiwan" title="List of rivers of Taiwan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_scenic_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of national scenic areas in Taiwan">Scenic areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_superlatives" title="List of Taiwanese superlatives">Superlatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Taiwan" title="List of volcanoes in Taiwan">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="GovernmentPoliticsEconomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Taiwan" title="Politics of Taiwan">politics</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Taiwan" title="Censorship in Taiwan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Taiwan" title="Civil defense in Taiwan">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Taiwan" title="Elections in Taiwan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Human rights in Taiwan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Taiwan">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_(Taiwan)" title="National Security Bureau (Taiwan)">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Taiwan" title="Law of Taiwan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Taiwan" title="Law enforcement in Taiwan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Taiwan" title="Military history of Taiwan">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_President_(Taiwan)" title="Office of the President (Taiwan)">Office of the President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_to_the_President_(Republic_of_China)" title="Secretary-General to the President (Republic of China)">Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Taiwan" title="List of political parties in Taiwan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Republic_of_China" title="Propaganda in the Republic of China">Propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Taiwan" title="Regions of Taiwan">Regions of Taiwan</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_municipality_(Taiwan)" title="Special municipality (Taiwan)">Special municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Taiwan)" title="Provincial city (Taiwan)">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">List of administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan">Metropolitan areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Political issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Taiwan" title="Conscription in Taiwan">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_Guo" title="Dang Guo">Dang Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Sinicization" title="De-Sinicization">De-Sinicization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_divide_in_Taiwan" title="North–South divide in Taiwan">North–South divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Country_on_Each_Side" title="One Country on Each Side">One Country on Each Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_Taiwanese_identity" title="Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity">Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_non-state-to-state_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Special non-state-to-state relations">Special non-state-to-state relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">Two Chinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Taiwan" title="Economy of Taiwan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Agriculture in Taiwan">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Taiwan" title="Aquaculture in Taiwan">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Floriculture in Taiwan">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Taiwan" title="Banking in Taiwan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Taiwan" title="List of banks in Taiwan">List of banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" title="Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Taiwan" title="List of companies of Taiwan">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_Taiwan" title="List of largest companies in Taiwan">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned enterprises of Taiwan">State-owned enterprises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Taiwan" title="Defense industry of Taiwan">Defense industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">Dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Taiwan" title="Economic history of Taiwan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Taiwan" title="Energy in Taiwan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Taiwan" title="Forestry in Taiwan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_industries_of_Taiwan" title="Maritime industries of Taiwan">Maritime industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Taiwan" title="Mining in Taiwan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Semiconductor industry in Taiwan">Semiconductor industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Stock_Exchange" title="Taiwan Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Miracle" title="Taiwan Miracle">Taiwan Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Taiwan" title="Taxation in Taiwan">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Textile industry in Taiwan">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Taiwan" title="Tourism in Taiwan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Taiwan" title="Transportation in Taiwan">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Invoice_lottery" title="Uniform Invoice lottery">Uniform Invoice lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Taiwan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Taiwan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;"><div id="National_SymbolsPeopleSocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>National Symbols</li><li>People</li><li>Society</li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="National symbols">National symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="National Anthem of the Republic of China">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Taiwan">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proposed_flags_of_Taiwan" title="Proposed flags of Taiwan">proposed</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Flower_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Flower of the Republic of China">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Seals_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Seals of the Republic of China">Seals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Taiwan" title="Demographics of Taiwan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_Taiwan" title="List of Indigenous peoples of Taiwan">Ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Hans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Taiwanese" title="Hoklo Taiwanese">Hoklos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Taiwanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka Taiwanese">Hakkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waishengren" title="Waishengren">Waishengren</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Languages of Taiwan">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayal_language" title="Atayal language">Atayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunun_language" title="Bunun language">Bunun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanakanavu_language" title="Kanakanavu language">Kanakanavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalan_language" title="Kavalan language">Kavalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiwan_language" title="Paiwan language">Paiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyuma_language" title="Puyuma language">Puyuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukai_language" title="Rukai language">Rukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saaroa_language" title="Saaroa language">Saaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisiyat_language" title="Saisiyat language">Saisiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakizaya_language" title="Sakizaya language">Sakizaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seediq_language" title="Seediq language">Seediq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thao_language" title="Thao language">Thao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsou_language" title="Tsou language">Tsou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu dialect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Sign Language">Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Taiwan" title="Architecture of Taiwan">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Taiwan" title="Crime in Taiwan">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Taiwan" title="Organized crime in Taiwan">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Taiwan" title="Sex trafficking in Taiwan">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Taiwan" title="Healthcare in Taiwan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Taiwanese inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Taiwan" title="Prostitution in Taiwan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Taiwan" title="Public holidays in Taiwan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Taiwan" title="Public housing in Taiwan">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Taiwan" title="Squatting in Taiwan">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_superlatives" title="List of Taiwanese superlatives">Superlatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_studies" title="Taiwan studies">Taiwan studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Taiwan" title="Waste management in Taiwan">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Taiwan" title="Women in Taiwan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.75em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Taiwan" title="Culture of Taiwan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_animation" title="Taiwanese animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_wine" title="Taiwanese wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_Taiwan" title="Cultural history of Taiwan">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese drama">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Taiwan" title="Gambling in Taiwan">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_puppetry" title="Glove puppetry">Glove puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_literature" title="Taiwanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Taiwan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Taiwan" title="Music of Taiwan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_opera" title="Taiwanese opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_markets_in_Taiwan" title="Night markets in Taiwan">Night markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_in_Taiwan" title="Philosophy in Taiwan">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Photography</a></li> <li><a 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