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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III_van_Parti%C3%AB" title="Vologases III van Partië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vologases III van Partië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%86%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="اوچونجو بالاش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوچونجو بالاش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7_III_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вологаз III (Партия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вологаз III (Партия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volog%C3%A8s_III_de_P%C3%A0rtia" title="Vologès III de Pàrtia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vologès III de Pàrtia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologais%C3%A9s_III." title="Vologaisés III. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vologaisés III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologaeses_III." title="Vologaeses III. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vologaeses III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βολογέσης Γ΄ της Παρθίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βολογέσης Γ΄ της Παρθίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III_de_Partia" title="Vologases III de Partia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vologases III de Partia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologeso_III.a" title="Vologeso III.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vologeso III.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="بلاش سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلاش سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volog%C3%A8se_III" title="Vologèse III – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vologèse III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologaz_III._Partski" title="Vologaz III. Partski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vologaz III. Partski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologase_III" title="Vologase III – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vologase III" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%96_III" title="ვოლოგეზ III – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლოგეზ III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Vologa%C3%A9sz%C3%A9sz_p%C3%A1rtus_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Vologaészész pártus király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Vologaészész pártus király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="ولاش سوم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولاش سوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III" title="Vologases III – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vologases III" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B93%E4%B8%96" title="ヴォロガセス3世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォロガセス3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III_av_Partia" title="Vologases III av Partia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vologases III av Partia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volog%C3%A9s_III" title="Vologés III – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vologés III" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wologazes_III" title="Wologazes III – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wologazes III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III" title="Vologases III – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vologases III" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_III" title="Вологез III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вологез III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologas_III." title="Vologas III. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vologas III." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81_III_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Вологас III од Партије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вологас III од Партије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologas_III_od_Partije" title="Vologas III od Partije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vologas III od Partije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III" title="Vologases III – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vologases III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III" title="Vologases III – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vologases III" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8_III" title="Балоши III – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Балоши III" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Vologases" title="III. Vologases – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Vologases" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_III" title="Вологез III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вологез III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologases_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Parthia" title="Vologases III của Parthia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vologases III của Parthia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Vologases III<br /><span title="Parthian-language text"><span lang="xpr" dir="rtl">𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Vologases_III_(cropped),_Seleucia_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Coin_of_Vologases_III_%28cropped%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Vologases_III_%28cropped%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Coin_of_Vologases_III_%28cropped%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Vologases_III_%28cropped%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Coin_of_Vologases_III_%28cropped%29%2C_Seleucia_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="356" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Coin of Vologases III, minted at <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a> in 121/2</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">110 – 147</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">predecessor</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(rival king)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(rival king)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">147</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty of Parthia">Arsacid dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vologases III</b> (<a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a>: <span lang="xpr" dir="rtl">𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔</span> <i>Walagash</i>) was king of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> from 110 to 147. He was the son and successor of <a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 78–110</span>). </p><p>Vologases III's reign was marked by civil strife and warfare. At his ascension, he had to deal with the usurper <a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 109–129</span>), who managed to seize the western part of the empire, which left Vologases III in control of its eastern parts. After Osroes I violated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rhandeia" title="Treaty of Rhandeia">Treaty of Rhandeia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> by appointing <a href="/wiki/Parthamasiris_of_Armenia" title="Parthamasiris of Armenia">Parthamasiris</a> as the king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a> in 113, the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 98–117</span>) invaded the Parthian lands, briefly seizing the Parthian cities of <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a> and reaching as far as the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>. These gains were short-lived; all the Roman gains had been lost after Trajan's death in 117. Vologases III, whose eastern domains were untouched, took advantage of the weakened state of Osroes I to regain lost territory, and finally defeated him in 129. Another contender named <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a> shortly appeared afterwards, but was also defeated by Vologases III, in 140. </p><p>Vologases III had to face an invasion by the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> from 134 to 136, while in the east, he sought to increase the political and military actions as a response to the enlargement of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>. Under the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 138–161</span>), disturbance once occurred in Armenia due to the Romans appointing a new king in Armenia. Vologases III, however, did not protest, either due to not being powerful enough, or possibly because he did not want to put the thriving long-distance trade in jeopardy, from which the Parthian state was gaining hefty income from. Vologases III was succeeded by Mithridates V's son <a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> in 147. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vologases_III_of_Parthia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vologases is the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a> <i>Walagaš</i> (<span title="Parthian-language text"><span lang="xpr" dir="rtl">𐭅𐭋𐭂𐭔</span></span>). The name is also attested in <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">New Persian</a> as <i>Balāsh</i> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> as <i>Wardākhsh</i> (also spelled <i>Walākhsh</i>). The etymology of the name is unclear, although <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Justi" title="Ferdinand Justi">Ferdinand Justi</a> proposes that <i>Walagaš</i>, the first form of the name, is a compound of words "strength" (<i>varəda</i>), and "handsome" (<i>gaš</i> or <i>geš</i> in Modern Persian).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vologases_III_of_Parthia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Obverse and reverse sides of a coin of the Parthian rival king Osroes I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg/220px-OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg/330px-OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg/440px-OsroesICoinHistoryofIran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption> Coin of <a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 109–129</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vologases III was a son of <a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 78–110</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the last years of Pacorus' reign, Vologases III co-ruled with him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Parthian contender named <a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> appeared in 109.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pacorus died in the same year, and was succeeded by Vologases III, who continued his father's struggle with Osroes I over the Parthian crown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osroes I managed to seize the western part of the empire, including <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, while Vologases III ruled in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osroes I violated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rhandeia" title="Treaty of Rhandeia">Treaty of Rhandeia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> by deposing Vologases III's brother <a href="/wiki/Axidares_of_Armenia" title="Axidares of Armenia">Axidares</a> and appointing the latter's brother <a href="/wiki/Parthamasiris_of_Armenia" title="Parthamasiris of Armenia">Parthamasiris</a> as the king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Armenia</a> in 113.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gave the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 98–117</span>) a <a href="/wiki/Pretext" title="Pretext">pretext</a> to invade the Parthian domain and take advantage of the ongoing civil war between Vologases III and Osroes I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trajan conquered Armenia and turned it into a Roman province in 114.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 116, Trajan captured <a href="/wiki/Seleucia" title="Seleucia">Seleucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>, the capitals of the Parthians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trajan even reached as far as the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, where he forced the Parthian vassal ruler of <a href="/wiki/Characene" title="Characene">Characene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attambelos_VII_of_Characene" class="mw-redirect" title="Attambelos VII of Characene">Attambelos VII</a>, to pay tribute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansman1991363–365_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansman1991363–365-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearing a revolt by the Parthians, Trajan installed Osroes I's son <a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates</a> on the throne at Ctesiphon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198391_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198391-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Roman Empire during the reign of Trajan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/220px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/330px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png/440px-Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2534" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b23938; color:white;"> </span> The extent of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 98–117</span>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>However, these gains were short-lived; revolts occurred in all the conquered territories, with the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Jews</a> pushing the Romans out of Mesopotamia, and the Armenians causing trouble under the leadership of a certain Sanatruk.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Trajan's death in 117, the Parthians removed Parthamaspates from the throne and reinstated Osroes I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trajan's successor, <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 117–138</span>) renounced the remnants of Trajan's conquests in the east, and acknowledged the Treaty of Rhandeia, with the Parthian prince <a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Armenia" title="Vologases I of Armenia">Vologases</a> becoming the new king of Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weakened state of the western part of the Parthian Empire gave Vologases III—whose eastern domains were untouched—the opportunity to regain lost territory seized by Osroes I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vologases III finally managed to remove Osroes I from power in 129.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016203-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, shortly afterwards, a new contender named <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a> appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016203-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vologases III also faced new challenges in other places; in 134, the king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharasmanes_II_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharasmanes II of Iberia">Pharasmanes II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 117–138</span>) caused the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> to invade the domains of the Parthians and Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016203-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reached as far as <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a>, Armenia, and also <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>; they were eventually repelled two years later after many obstacles and heavy economic costs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the east, Vologases III sought to increase the political and military actions as a response to the enlargement of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vologases III defeated and deposed Mithridates V in 140.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016203-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Hadrian's successor, <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 138–161</span>), a disturbance occurred after the Romans appointed a new king in Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vologases III, however, did not protest, either due to not being powerful enough, or possibly because he did not want to put the thriving long-distance trade in jeopardy, from which the Parthian state was gaining hefty income.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may have attempted to recover lands lost previously to the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>. A lone Buddhist source records that the Kushan ruler <a href="/wiki/Kanishka_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanishka I">Kanishka I</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Parthian%E2%80%93Kushan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthian–Kushan War">a Parthian invasion</a> during the time of Vologases III.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhirshman1965262_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhirshman1965262-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vologases III was succeeded by Mithridates V's son <a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> in 147.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage_and_rock_reliefs">Coinage and rock reliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vologases_III_of_Parthia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coinage and rock reliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rock-cut relief of Vologases III at Behistun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg/170px-Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg/255px-Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg/340px-Parthian_King_Vologases_at_Behistun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Rock_relief" title="Rock relief">Rock relief</a> of Vologases III at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Behistun" title="Mount Behistun">Behistun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under Pacorus II, the usage of the image of the Greek goddess <a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a> on the reverse of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_coinage" title="Parthian coinage">Parthian coins</a> became more regular than that of the seated king with a bow, specifically on the coin mints from <a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was reversed under Vologases III.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rarely, a <a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">fire temple</a> is depicted on the reverse of his coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the obverse of his coins is a portrait of him using the same <a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">tiara</a> as his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht199733_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht199733-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Rock_relief" title="Rock relief">rock relief</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Behistun" title="Mount Behistun">Behistun</a> portrays a Parthian monarch, most likely Vologases III.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vologases_III_of_Parthia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumontSchippmann1988574–580_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaumontSchippmann1988">Chaumont & Schippmann 1988</a>, pp. 574–580.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012176,_391_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, pp. 176, 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGregoratti2017133_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoratti2017">Gregoratti 2017</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1986418–438_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaumont1986">Chaumont 1986</a>, pp. 418–438.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 176; <a href="#CITEREFGregoratti2017">Gregoratti 2017</a>, p. 133; <a href="#CITEREFKettenhofen2004">Kettenhofen 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKettenhofen2004_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKettenhofen2004">Kettenhofen 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansman1991363–365-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansman1991363–365_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansman1991">Hansman 1991</a>, pp. 363–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBivar198391-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBivar198391_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBivar1983">Bivar 1983</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGregoratti2017">Gregoratti 2017</a>, p. 133; <a href="#CITEREFChaumont1986">Chaumont 1986</a>, pp. 418–438; <a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBadian2002">Badian 2002</a>, p. 458; <a href="#CITEREFChaumont1986">Chaumont 1986</a>, pp. 418–438; <a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016203-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016203_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDąbrowa2012391_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDąbrowa2012">Dąbrowa 2012</a>, p. 391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhirshman1965262-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhirshman1965262_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGhirshman1965">Ghirshman 1965</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2013771_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRezakhani2013">Rezakhani 2013</a>, p. 771.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht201696_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlbrycht2016">Olbrycht 2016</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht199733-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlbrycht199733_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlbrycht1997">Olbrycht 1997</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vologases_III_of_Parthia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBadian2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Badian, Ernst (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hadrian">"Hadrian"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XI, Fasc. 4</i>. p. 458.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hadrian&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+XI%2C+Fasc.+4&rft.pages=458&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Badian&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhadrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar1983" class="citation book cs1">Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids". In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC"><i>The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 21–99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20092-X"><bdi>0-521-20092-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Political+History+of+Iran+Under+the+Arsacids&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran%2C+Volume+3%281%29%3A+The+Seleucid%2C+Parthian+and+Sasanian+Periods&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=21-99&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-521-20092-X&rft.aulast=Bivar&rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKo_RafMSGLkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaumont1986" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chaumont, M. 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(1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balas-proper-name##3">"Balāš"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6</i>. pp. 574–580.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bal%C4%81%C5%A1&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+6&rft.pages=574-580&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Chaumont&rft.aufirst=M.+L.&rft.au=Schippmann%2C+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbalas-proper-name%23%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDąbrowa2012" class="citation book cs1">Dąbrowa, Edward (2012). "The Arsacid Empire". In <a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051501/https://books.google.dk/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ&pg"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-987575-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-987575-7"><bdi>978-0-19-987575-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K-poAgAAQBAJ">the original</a> on 2019-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arsacid+Empire&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Iranian+History&rft.pages=1-432&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-987575-7&rft.aulast=D%C4%85browa&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK-poAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregoratti2017" class="citation book cs1">Gregoratti, Leonardo (2017). "The Arsacid Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ"><i>King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE)</i></a>. UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780692864401" title="Special:BookSources/9780692864401"><bdi>9780692864401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arsacid+Empire&rft.btitle=King+of+the+Seven+Climes%3A+A+History+of+the+Ancient+Iranian+World+%283000+BCE+-+651+CE%29&rft.pages=1-236&rft.pub=UCI+Jordan+Center+for+Persian+Studies&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780692864401&rft.aulast=Gregoratti&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DunTjswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhirshman1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ghirshman" title="Roman Ghirshman">Ghirshman, Roman</a> (1965) [1954]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iranfromearliest0000ghir"><i>Iran: From the Earliest Times to the Islamic Conquest</i></a></span>. Baltimore: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-020239-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-020239-7"><bdi>978-0-14-020239-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Islamic+Conquest&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-14-020239-7&rft.aulast=Ghirshman&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firanfromearliest0000ghir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansman1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hansman, John (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/characene-and-charax-spasinou-in-pre-islamic-times">"Characene and Charax"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. V, Fasc. 4</i>. pp. 363–365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Characene+and+Charax&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+V%2C+Fasc.+4&rft.pages=363-365&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Hansman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fcharacene-and-charax-spasinou-in-pre-islamic-times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKettenhofen2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kettenhofen, Erich (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/trajan">"Trajan"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. pp. 418–438.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trajan&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pages=418-438&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Kettenhofen&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Ftrajan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (2016). <i>The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610693912" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610693912"><bdi>978-1610693912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1610693912&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span> (2 volumes)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht1997" class="citation journal cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1493021">"Parthian King's tiara - Numismatic evidence and some aspects of Arsacid political ideology"</a></span>. <i>Notae Numismaticae</i>. <b>2</b>: 27–61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notae+Numismaticae&rft.atitle=Parthian+King%27s+tiara+-+Numismatic+evidence+and+some+aspects+of+Arsacid+political+ideology&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=27-61&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1493021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlbrycht2016" class="citation journal cs1">Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33754166">"The Sacral Kingship of the early Arsacids. I. Fire Cult and Kingly Glory"</a></span>. <i>Anabasis: Studia Classica et Orientalia</i>. <b>7</b>: 91–106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anabasis%3A+Studia+Classica+et+Orientalia&rft.atitle=The+Sacral+Kingship+of+the+early+Arsacids.+I.+Fire+Cult+and+Kingly+Glory&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=91-106&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Olbrycht&rft.aufirst=Marek+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33754166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezakhani2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khodadad_Rezakhani" title="Khodadad Rezakhani">Rezakhani, Khodadad</a> (2013). "Arsacid, Elymaean, and Persid Coinage". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199733309" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199733309"><bdi>978-0199733309</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arsacid%2C+Elymaean%2C+and+Persid+Coinage&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Ancient+Iran&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0199733309&rft.aulast=Rezakhani&rft.aufirst=Khodadad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVologases+III+of+Parthia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Vologases III of Parthia </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Arsacid dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 147</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;">predecessor</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(rival king)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(rival king)</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parthian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parthian monarchs">King of the Parthian Empire</a> </b><br />110–147 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a 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id="Rulers_of_the_Parthian_Empire_(247_BC_–_224_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parthian_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parthian monarchs">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> <small>(247 BC – 224 AD)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_I_of_Parthia" title="Arsaces I of Parthia">Arsaces I</a> <small>(247–217 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_II_of_Parthia" title="Arsaces II of Parthia">Arsaces II</a> <small>(217–191 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapatius" title="Priapatius">Priapatius</a> <small>(191–170 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_I" title="Phraates I">Phraates I</a> <small>(170/168–165/164 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mithridates I</a> <small>(165/4–132 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a> <small>(132–127 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus I of Parthia">Artabanus I</a> <small>(127–124 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates II of Parthia">Mithridates II</a> <small>(124–91 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes I</a> <small>(91–87/80 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates III of Parthia">Mithridates III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(87–80 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_I_of_Parthia" title="Orodes I of Parthia">Orodes I</a> <small>(80–75 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces of Parthia">Sinatruces</a> <small>(75–69 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_III" title="Phraates III">Phraates III</a> <small>(69–57 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates IV of Parthia">Mithridates IV</a> <small>(57–54 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a> <small>(57–37 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_I" title="Pacorus I">Pacorus I</a> <small>(39 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a> <small>(37–2 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates II of Parthia">Tiridates II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(32 BC)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa</a> <small>(2 BC–4 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a> <small>(2 BC–4 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a> <small>(4–6 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> <small>(6–12 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <small>(12–35 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates III of Parthia">Tiridates III</a> <small>(35–36 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <small>(36–38/41 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I">Vardanes I</a> <small>(40–46 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a> <small>(40–51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherdates" title="Meherdates">Meherdates</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(49–51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a> <small>(51 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I</a> <small>(51–78 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardanes_II" title="Vardanes II">Vardanes II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(55–58 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> <small>(78–110 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_II_of_Parthia" title="Vologases II of Parthia">Vologases II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(78–80 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(79–81 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(109–129 AD)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vologases III</a> <small>(110–147 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(116–117 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_II_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces II of Parthia">Sinatruces II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(116 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(129–140 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> <small>(147–191 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osroes_II" title="Osroes II">Osroes II</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(191 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a> <small>(191–208 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a> <small>(208–228 AD)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus IV of Parthia">Artabanus IV</a> <small>(213–224 AD)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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