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id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" > 46 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="استيطان عشوائي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استيطان عشوائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupaci%C3%B3n" title="Ocupación – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ocupación" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okupaci%C3%B3n" title="Okupación – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Okupación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khang-chh%C3%B9_chi%C3%A0m-i%C5%8Dng" title="Khang-chhù chiàm-iōng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khang-chhù chiàm-iōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Скуат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Скуат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_ocupa" title="Moviment ocupa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment ocupa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskwater" title="Eskwater – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eskwater" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Squatting" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgwatio" title="Sgwatio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sgwatio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bz-bev%C3%A6gelsen" title="Bz-bevægelsen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bz-bevægelsen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausbesetzung" title="Hausbesetzung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausbesetzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvottimine" title="Skvottimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Skvottimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_okupa" title="Movimiento okupa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento okupa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domokupado" title="Domokupado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Domokupado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okupazio" title="Okupazio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Okupazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81" title="تصرف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تصرف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_(lieu)" title="Squat (lieu) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Squat (lieu)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movemento_okupa" title="Movemento okupa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Movemento okupa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BE%83" title="스쾃 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스쾃" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Սքվոթինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սքվոթինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menumpang" title="Menumpang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menumpang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAstaka" title="Hústaka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hústaka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupazione_di_terreni_o_edifici" title="Occupazione di terreni o edifici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occupazione di terreni o edifici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="פלישה (מקרקעין) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלישה (מקרקעין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat" title="Squat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Squat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сквотерство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сквотерство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_(onroerend_goed)" title="Kraken (onroerend goed) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kraken (onroerend goed)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="सुकुम्बासी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुकुम्बासी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="スコッター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコッター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat" title="Squat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Squat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_bens_im%C3%B3veis" title="Ocupação de bens imóveis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ocupação de bens imóveis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okupa" title="Okupa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Okupa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сквоттинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сквоттинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzurpimi" title="Uzurpimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uzurpimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Squatting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatting_(budova)" title="Squatting (budova) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Squatting (budova)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvotiranje" title="Skvotiranje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Skvotiranje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvotiranje" title="Skvotiranje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skvotiranje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talonvaltaus" title="Talonvaltaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talonvaltaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husockupation" title="Husockupation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Husockupation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskuwater" title="Iskuwater – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iskuwater" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="குந்துகை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குந்துகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="การจับจอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การจับจอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Fgal_evi" title="İşgal evi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşgal evi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Сквот – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сквот" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unauthorized occupation of property</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unauthorized occupation of property. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Squat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Squat (disambiguation)">Squat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_Forvced_Removals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/No_Forvced_Removals.jpg/220px-No_Forvced_Removals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/No_Forvced_Removals.jpg/330px-No_Forvced_Removals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/No_Forvced_Removals.jpg/440px-No_Forvced_Removals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abahlali_baseMjondolo" title="Abahlali baseMjondolo">Abahlali baseMjondolo</a> protest in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CircleN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/170px-CircleN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/255px-CircleN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CircleN.svg/340px-CircleN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>The international squatters' symbol</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarianism" title="Category:Libertarianism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_freedom" title="Artistic freedom">Artistic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalization of sex work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">Expropriative anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism#Federalism_and_localism_in_anarchist_political_theory" title="Federalism">Federalism (anarchist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#Libertarian" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">Freedom of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">Freedom of conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">Individual reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">Libertarianism (metaphysics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li>Squatting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action" title="Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Political alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_War_on_Drugs" title="Legality of the War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">La Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">De Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman (Milton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibor_Machan" title="Tibor Machan">Machan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">Friedman (David)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Van_Dun" title="Frank Van Dun">Van Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Lottieri" title="Carlo Lottieri">Lottieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hannan" title="Daniel Hannan">Hannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Polis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">National variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_possibilism" title="Libertarian possibilism">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Historical background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-collectivism">Anti-collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Anti-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Technolibertarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarianism_sidebar" title="Template:Libertarianism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarianism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Libertarianism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential that the squatter does not <a href="/wiki/Land_ownership_and_tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Land ownership and tenure">own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> estimated in 2003 that there were one billion slum residents and squatters globally. Squatting occurs worldwide and tends to occur when people find empty buildings or land to occupy for housing. It has a long history, broken down by country below. In <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanty_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanty towns">shanty towns</a> often begin as squatted settlements. In African cities such as <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> much of the population lives in <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Pavement_dwellers" title="Pavement dwellers">pavement dwellers</a> in India and in Hong Kong as well as <a href="/wiki/Rooftop_slum" title="Rooftop slum">rooftop slums</a>. <a href="/wiki/Informal_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal settlements">Informal settlements</a> in Latin America are known by names such as <a href="/wiki/Villa_miseria" title="Villa miseria">villa miseria</a> (Argentina), <a href="/wiki/Pueblos_j%C3%B3venes" title="Pueblos jóvenes">pueblos jóvenes</a> (Peru) and <a href="/wiki/Asentamiento" title="Asentamiento">asentamientos</a> irregulares (Guatemala, Uruguay). In Brazil, there are <a href="/wiki/Favelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Favelas">favelas</a> in the major cities and rural land-based movements. In <a href="/wiki/Industrialized_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialized countries">industrialized countries</a>, there are often residential squats and also <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> squatting movements, which can be <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomist">autonomist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> in nature, for example <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Squatting in the United States">in the United States</a>. Oppositional movements from the 1960s and 1970s created freespaces such as <a href="/wiki/Freetown_Christiania" title="Freetown Christiania">Freetown Christiania</a> in Denmark, <a href="/wiki/Ruigoord" title="Ruigoord">Ruigoord</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Netherlands" title="Squatting in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centers_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-managed social centers in Italy">self-managed social centres of Italy</a>. Each local situation determines the context: in <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Squatting in England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, there were estimated to be 50,000 squatters in the late 1970s; in Athens, Greece, there are <a href="/wiki/Athens_refugee_squats" title="Athens refugee squats">refugee squats</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Spain" title="Squatting in Spain">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatting in the USA">USA</a> the 2010s saw many new squats following the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222284573">.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{font-size:145%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-above{padding-bottom:0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-list-title{background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-below{text-align:center;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-anarchism-sidebar .sidebar-subgroup .sidebar-heading{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist template-anarchism-sidebar"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image skin-invert-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Anarchy-symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol"><img alt=""Circle-A" anarchy symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/75px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/113px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/150px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_anarchism" title="Glossary of anarchism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="African anarchism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parecon" class="mw-redirect" title="Parecon">Parecon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Methodology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis</a></li></ul> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Theory</a></li> <li>Practice</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_movements_by_region" title="List of anarchist movements by region">By region</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Lists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:BlackFlagSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/15px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/23px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/30px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" title="Category:Libertarian socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Pallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Rühle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophies and tendencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chaulieu–Montal tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> Other tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_confederalism" title="Democratic confederalism">Democratic confederalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian municipalism">Libertarian municipalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Association_in_Manchuria" title="Korean People's Association in Manchuria">Korean People's Association in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapatista_uprising" title="Zapatista uprising">Zapatista uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAREZ" class="mw-redirect" title="MAREZ">MAREZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava Revolution">Rojava Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AANES" class="mw-redirect" title="AANES">AANES</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #ed0707; border-bottom:1px solid #ed0707;"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The majority of squatting is residential in nature. As a phenomenon it tends to occur when a poor and homeless population makes use of derelict property or land through <a href="/wiki/Urban_homesteading" title="Urban homesteading">urban homesteading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Homesteaders_in_the_Hood-1">[1]</a> According to a 2003 estimate by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat), there were about one billion people in squatter settlements and slums.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> According to housing researcher Kesia Reeve, "squatting is largely absent from policy and academic debate and is rarely conceptualised, as a problem, as a symptom, or as a social or housing movement."<a href="#cite_note-Housing_and_Social_Policy-3">[3]</a> In many of the world's poorer countries, there are extensive <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shanty_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanty towns">shanty towns</a>, typically built on the edges of major cities and consisting almost entirely of self-constructed housing built without the landowner's permission.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> While these settlements may in time become <a href="/wiki/Slum_upgrading" title="Slum upgrading">upgraded</a>, they often start off as squats with minimal basic infrastructure. Thus, there is no legal link to sewerage, electricity or water.<a href="#cite_note-WBG-5">[5]</a> Such settlements also exist in industrialized countries, such as for example <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1ada_Real" title="Cañada Real">Cañada Real</a> on the outskirts of Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-Tremlett-6">[6]</a> Squatting can be related to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> movements, such as <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autonomist" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomist">autonomist</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a>. It can be a means to <a href="/wiki/Architectural_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural conservation">conserve buildings</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">protest</a> action. Squats can be used by local communities as <a href="/wiki/Free_shops" class="mw-redirect" title="Free shops">free shops</a>, cafés, venues, <a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a> stations or as multi-purpose <a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-managed social centre">self-managed social centres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pruijt-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a>, sometimes described as squatter's rights, is a method of acquiring <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title to property</a> through possession for a statutory period under certain conditions.<a href="#cite_note-LII-8">[8]</a> Countries where this principle exists include England and the United States, based on common law.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-UK-AP-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-US-AP-11">[11]</a> Anarchist author <a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Colin Ward</a> asserts: "Squatting is the oldest mode of tenure in the world, and we are all descended from squatters. This is as true of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">the Queen</a> [of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>] with her 176,000 acres (710 km2) as it is of the 54 percent of householders in Britain who are owner-occupiers. They are all the ultimate recipients of stolen land, for to regard our planet as a commodity offends every conceivable principle of natural rights."<a href="#cite_note-Corbyn-12">[12]</a> Others have a different view; UK <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> official Sue Williams, for example, has stated that "Squatting is linked to <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">anti-social behaviour</a> and can cause a great deal of nuisance and distress to local residents. In some cases there may also be criminal activities involved."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The public attitude toward squatting varies, depending on legal aspects, socioeconomic conditions, and the type of housing occupied by squatters. In particular, while squatting of municipal buildings may be treated leniently, squatting of private property can often lead to strongly negative reactions on the part of the general public and the authorities.<a href="#cite_note-Squatting:_The_need_for_shelter_versus_property_rights-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> In African countries such as <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Nigeria" title="Squatting in Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, informal settlements are created by migration from rural areas to urban areas. Reasons for squatting include the lack of low cost housing, unemployment and inability to access loans.<a href="#cite_note-Nigeria-15">[15]</a> In 1995, almost 70% of the population of the Nigerian capital <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> were living in slums.<a href="#cite_note-WorldBank-16">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Dead_(slum)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of the Dead (slum)">City of the Dead</a> slum is a well-known squatter community in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-Cairo-17">[17]</a> Between 1955 and 1975, the Cairo authorities built 39,000 public housing apartments but 2 million people moved there, mostly ending up in <a href="/wiki/Informal_housing" title="Informal housing">informal housing</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, Egypt's second city, public housing was only 0.5% of the total housing stock, whereas informal housing was 68%.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 108  An estimated 3,500 people live in the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Hotel_Beira" title="Grande Hotel Beira">Grande Hotel Beira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GHB-19">[19]</a> Informal settlements in <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, particularly around <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>, are known as <a href="/wiki/Komboni" title="Komboni">kombonis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Komboni-20">[20]</a> As of 2011, 64% of Zambians lived below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, whilst the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> predicted a 941% population increase by 2100.<a href="#cite_note-Growth-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pop2100-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia,_Liberia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Abandoned porn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg/220px-The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg/330px-The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg/440px-The_swimming_pool_area_of_the_former_Ducor_Palace_Hotel_in_Monrovia%2C_Liberia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4041" data-file-height="2684" /></a><figcaption>Derelict swimming pool at the <a href="/wiki/Ducor_Hotel" title="Ducor Hotel">Ducor Hotel</a> (Liberia)</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Liberia" title="Squatting in Liberia">Liberia</a>, squatting is one of three ways to access land, the other being ownership by deed or customary ownership.<a href="#cite_note-ESD-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_Monrovia" title="West Point, Monrovia">West Point</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> in the 1950s and is estimated to house between 29,500 and 75,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-HABITAT-Lib-24">[24]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a> 1989–1997 and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</a> 1999–2003, many people in Liberia were displaced and some ended up squatting in Monrovia.<a href="#cite_note-NRC-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ducor_Hotel" title="Ducor Hotel">Ducor Hotel</a> fell into disrepair and was squatted, before being evicted in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-EvictionDucor-26">[26]</a> Recently, over 9,000 <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkinabés</a> were squatting on remote land and the Liberia Land Authority (LLA) has announced it will be titling all land in the country.<a href="#cite_note-Burkinabes-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FPA-28">[28]</a> In <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, squatters tend to live in informal settlements or squatter camps on the outskirts of the larger cities, often but not always near <a href="/wiki/Township_(South_Africa)" title="Township (South Africa)">townships</a>. In the mid-1990s, an estimated 7.7 million South Africans lived in informal settlements: a fifth of the country's population.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The figure was estimated to be 15 million in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Empowering-30">[30]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, there have been sustained conflict between the city council and a shack dwellers' movement known as <a href="/wiki/Abahlali_baseMjondolo" title="Abahlali baseMjondolo">Abahlali baseMjondolo</a>. The organisation has represented the squatters in land occupations such as the <a href="/wiki/Macassar_Village_land_occupation" title="Macassar Village land occupation">Macassar Village</a> in 2009 and the <a href="/wiki/Marikana_land_occupation_(Cape_Town)" title="Marikana land occupation (Cape Town)">Cape Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marikana_land_occupation_(Durban)" title="Marikana land occupation (Durban)">Durban</a> Marikana land occupations in 2013 (both named after the <a href="/wiki/Marikana_massacre" title="Marikana massacre">Marikana massacre</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CT-Marikana-31">[31]</a> It also successfully challenged the <a href="/wiki/KZN_Slums_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="KZN Slums Act">KZN Slums Act</a>, which sought to mandate the eviction of slums but was eventually declared unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-Selmeczi-32">[32]</a> There have been a number of similar conflicts between shack dwellers, some linked with the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Anti-Eviction_Campaign" title="Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign">Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign</a>, and the city council in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>. One of the most high-profile cases was the eviction of squatters in the <a href="/wiki/N2_Gateway" title="N2 Gateway">N2 Gateway</a> homes in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Delft,_Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Delft, Cape Town">Delft</a>, where over 20 residents were shot, including a three-year-old child. There have been numerous complaints about the legality of the government's actions.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Many of the families then squatted on <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony Way">Symphony Way</a>, a main road in the township of Delft, before being forced to move to a camp called <a href="/wiki/Blikkiesdorp" title="Blikkiesdorp">Blikkiesdorp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lali-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Sudan" title="Squatting in Sudan">Squatting in Sudan</a> is defined as the "acquisition and construction of land, within the city boundaries for the purpose of housing in contradiction to Urban Planning and Land laws and building regulations."<a href="#cite_note-Gamie-35">[35]</a> These informal settlements arose in <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> from the 1920s onwards, swelling in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the government was clearing settlements in Khartoum and regularizing them elsewhere. It was estimated that in 2015 that were 200,000 squatters in Khartoum, 180,000 in <a href="/wiki/Nyala,_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyala, Sudan">Nyala</a>, 60,000 in <a href="/wiki/Kassala" title="Kassala">Kassala</a>, 70,000 in <a href="/wiki/Port_Sudan" title="Port Sudan">Port Sudan</a> and 170,000 in <a href="/wiki/Wad_Madani" title="Wad Madani">Wad Madani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gamie-35">[35]</a> Land squats occurred in what would become <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> in the 1970s and were routinely evicted. Only <a href="/wiki/Epworth,_Zimbabwe" title="Epworth, Zimbabwe">Epworth</a> persisted on account of its size (around 50,000 people).<a href="#cite_note-AF-36">[36]</a> After Zimbabwe was created in 1980, peasant farmers and squatters disputed the distribution of land. Informal settlements have developed on the periphery of cities such as <a href="/wiki/Chitungwiza" title="Chitungwiza">Chitungwiza</a> and the capital <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SM-37">[37]</a> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Murambatsvina" title="Operation Murambatsvina">Operation Murambatsvina</a> ("Operation Drive Out Filth") organised by President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> evicted an estimated 700,000 people and affected over two million people.<a href="#cite_note-Zim-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle East">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a> are communities of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli citizens">Israeli citizens</a> living in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> considers the settlements in <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territory</a> to be illegal,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In March 2018, Israeli settlers were evicted from a house they had illegally occupied in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, a Palestinian city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. The fifteen families had argued that they had bought the house, but the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">High Court of Justice</a> ruled that they had to leave. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> declared the building a closed military zone and it was unclear if the Palestinian owners could regain possession. The settlers had already occupied the house and been evicted in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Magid-41">[41]</a> In October 2018, <a href="/wiki/Fatou_Bensouda" title="Fatou Bensouda">Fatou Bensouda</a>, the Chief Prosecutor of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> stated that Israel's planned demolition of Bedouin village <a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Ahmar_(village)" title="Khan al-Ahmar (village)">Khan al-Ahmar</a> could constitute a <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bedouin-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gecekondu" title="Gecekondu">Gecekondu</a> is a Turkish word meaning a house put up quickly without proper permissions, a squatter's house, and by extension, a shanty or shack. From the 1960s onwards, these settlements have provided a means of housing for poor workers and new migrants arriving in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Esen-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 89  From the 1980s onwards, property developers have upgraded many gecekondu areas.<a href="#cite_note-Esen-43">[43]</a> Shortly after the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">Gezi Park protests</a> in Istanbul, Don Kişot (Don Quixote) was squatted in the <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a> district. It was stated to be the city's first occupied and self-managed social centre;<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Caferağa Mahalle Evi (community centre Caferağa), also in <a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kadıköy">Kadıköy</a>, was squatted soon afterwards and evicted in December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Konak-92-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> A place was occupied in <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş</a> district of Istanbul on March 18, 2014, and named Berkin Elvan Student House, after a 15-year-old boy who was shot during the Gezi protests and later died.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Atopya was squatted in Ankara in June 2014 by anarchists, who claimed it was the city's first political squat.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Konak-92-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_and_East_Asia">South and East Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South and East Asia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Asia" title="Squatting in Asia">Squatting in Asia</a></div> Squatters in Malaysia live on both privately owned and government-owned land.<a href="#cite_note-Menon-49">[49]</a> Some squatters have lived on land owned by national electricity company <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a> for over five decades.<a href="#cite_note-Menon2-50">[50]</a> Squatters in Indonesia live on both privately owned and government-owned land. For example, the former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalisosok_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalisosok Prison (page does not exist)">Kalisosok Prison</a> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjara_Kalisosok" class="extiw" title="id:Penjara Kalisosok">id</a>] in <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> has been squatted since 2000s after being used as a prison for over 100 years.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Thailand" title="Squatting in Thailand">Thailand</a>, although evictions have reduced their visibility or numbers in urban areas, many squatters still occupy land near railroad tracks, under overpasses, and waterways. Commercial squatting is common in Thailand, where businesses temporarily seize nearby public real estate (such as sidewalks, roadsides, beaches, etc.) and roll out their enterprise, and at closing time they fold it in and lock it up, thus avoiding the extra cost of having to rent more property.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In the early 2000s, the government estimated that 37% of the population lived in low-income urban communities, over half of which were squatting public land or renting precariously. The National Housing Authority stated over 100,000 families were living under threat of immediate eviction.<a href="#cite_note-Empowering-30">[30]</a>: 26  In China, <a href="/wiki/Informal_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal settlements">informal settlements</a> are known as <a href="/wiki/Urban_village_(China)" title="Urban village (China)">urban villages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chinese_Urban-53">[53]</a> Squatter settlements occurred in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> in 1946, after its wartime occupation by Japan.<a href="#cite_note-Madokoro37-54">[54]</a> After 700,000 people migrated from <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> between 1949 and 1950; the squatter population was estimated at 300,000, with people sleeping wherever they could find a space.<a href="#cite_note-Madokoro37-54">[54]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Shek_Kip_Mei_fire" title="Shek Kip Mei fire">fire at Shek Kip Mei</a> in December 1953 resulted in over 50,000 slum-dwellers being left homeless.<a href="#cite_note-Madokoro48-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rooftop_slum" title="Rooftop slum">Rooftop slums</a> then developed, when people began to live illegally on the roofs of urban buildings.<a href="#cite_note-Shadbolt-56">[56]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_Walled_City" title="Kowloon Walled City">Kowloon Walled City</a> became an area for squatters, <a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Hong_Kong" title="Housing in Hong Kong">housing</a> up to 50,000 people in Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg/220px-Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg/330px-Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg/440px-Street_dwellers_in_Mumbai.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Street dwellers in Mumbai</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, India, there are an estimated 10 to 12 million inhabitants, and six million of them are <a href="/wiki/Illegal_housing_in_India" title="Illegal housing in India">squatters</a>. The squatters live in a variety of ways. Some possess two- or three-story homes built out of brick and concrete which they have inhabited for years. Geeta Nagar is a squatter village based beside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> compound at <a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a>. Squatter Colony in <a href="/wiki/Malad" title="Malad">Malad</a> East has existed since 1962, and now, people living there pay a rent to the city council of 100 rupees a month. <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a> is a community of one million squatters. The stores and factories situated there are mainly illegal and so are unregulated, but it is suggested that they do over $1 million in business every day.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Other squatters are <a href="/wiki/Pavement_dwellers" title="Pavement dwellers">pavement dwellers</a>, with very few possessions. Activists such as <a href="/wiki/Jockin_Arputham" title="Jockin Arputham">Jockin Arputham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prema_Gopalan" title="Prema Gopalan">Prema Gopalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheela_Patel" title="Sheela Patel">Sheela Patel</a> are working for better living conditions for slum dwellers, through organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Mahila_Milan" title="Mahila Milan">Mahila Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slum_Dwellers_International" title="Slum Dwellers International">Slum Dwellers International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IIED-59">[59]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Mathura_clash" title="2016 Mathura clash">2016 Mathura clash</a>, members of Azad Bharat Vidhik Vaicharik Kranti Satyagrahi (Free India Legal Ideas Revolutionary Protesters) who had been living in Mathura's largest public park Jawahar Bagh for two years were evicted in a large police operation. At least 24 squatters were killed.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Mathura-60">[60]</a> After World War II many people were left homeless in the <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Philippines</a> and they built makeshift houses called "barong-barong" on abandoned private land.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The first mass eviction on record in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> was 1951 and the largest was in late 1963 and early 1964 when 90,000 people were displaced.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 43  By 1978, there were estimated to be two million squatters in Manila, occupying 415 different locations.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 77  The number of squatters grew during the early 1980s, and attempts to relocate squatters to low-cost housing projects were made by the national government. The sites were not received well, as it moved people far away from their employment and social networks.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 45  Projects included the redevelopment of the former <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Mountain" title="Smokey Mountain">Smokey Mountain</a> <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a>, the BLISS housing project in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>, and the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Silang" title="Bagong Silang">Barangay Bagong Silang</a> as a resettlement area for slum dwellers residing in Manila. Philippine law distinguishes between squatters who squat because of poverty and those who squat in hopes of getting a payment to leave the property.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> referred to the latter group as "professional squatters [...] plain land-grabbers taking advantage of the compassionate society".<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 46  Philippines-based media and journalists refer to squatters as "informal settlers".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Community_Mortgage_Program" title="Community Mortgage Program">Community Mortgage Program</a> was set up in 1992, aiming to help low-income families transition from squatting to <a href="/wiki/Affordable_housing" title="Affordable housing">affordable housing</a>. By 2001, around 106,000 families had found secure housing in over 800 separate communities.<a href="#cite_note-Empowering-30">[30]</a>: 54  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_and_Eastern_Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Central and Eastern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg/220px-Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg/330px-Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg/440px-Rozbrat_rowerownia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Rozbrat squat in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>.</figcaption></figure> The trajectory of squatting in central and eastern Europe is different from that of western Europe because, until recently, countries were part of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Bloc">Communist Bloc</a> and squatting is generally not tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-Piotro-65">[65]</a> <ul><li>The first public <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">squat in Romania</a> was Carol 53 in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, occupied in 2012 by artists. This was a controversial project because in running the project, the artists evicted a <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Roma family</a> which was already silently squatting there.<a href="#cite_note-PGEI-66">[66]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, homeless people live in state-run shelters or squatter camps.<a href="#cite_note-Negură-67">[67]</a> Squatters in <a href="/wiki/Centro_73" title="Centro 73">Centro 73</a>, Moldova's first squatted, self-managed social centre, attempted to prevent the historical building's demolition, but were quickly evicted and given another building for art events.<a href="#cite_note-OBCT-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Publika-69">[69]</a></li> <li>The oldest squat in Poland, <a href="/wiki/Rozbrat" title="Rozbrat">Rozbrat</a>, was founded in 1994 through the occupation of a former paint factory in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>. There are also squats in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gliwice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Piotro-65">[65]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Slovenia" title="Squatting in Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, the capital <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> has an occupied former military barracks called <a href="/wiki/Metelkova" title="Metelkova">Metelkova</a> and the recently evicted former bicycle factory called <a href="/wiki/Rog_(factory)" title="Rog (factory)">Rog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MAH-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rog-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Croatia" title="Squatting in Croatia">Croatia</a> has social centres such as the former Karlo Rojc barracks in <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a> and (AKC) Medika in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rojc-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Medika-73">[73]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Serbia" title="Squatting in Serbia">Serbia</a>, shacks to be built as second homes or Roma people occupy buildings.<a href="#cite_note-Drofenik-74">[74]</a> A large Roma informal settlement called <a href="/wiki/Cardboard_city" title="Cardboard city">Cardboard city</a> was evicted in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-RSE-75">[75]</a></li></ul> In 1980s <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a>, there was a practice used by artists and musicians to acquire communal rooms and then expand into other rooms. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, there were many collectively organised housing occupations by families and refugees. The groups would attempt to legalise in some cases and not in others. There were also art squats, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, there were Pushkinskaya 10, Na Fontanke and Synovia doktora Pelia.<a href="#cite_note-Golova-76">[76]</a> In the early 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Moscow" title="Government of Moscow">Government of Moscow</a> prepared to renovate buildings, but then ran out of money, meaning that squatters occupied prime real estate. By 1996, 40 percent of <a href="/wiki/Tverskaya_Street" title="Tverskaya Street">Tverskaya Street</a> was rented illegally or squatted.<a href="#cite_note-Simon-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Squatting in the Czech Republic">Squatting in the Czech Republic</a> began in its modern form when <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk</a> activists inspired by squatting movements in Amsterdam and Berlin occupied derelict houses following the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Prague-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ladronka" title="Ladronka">Ladronka</a> (1993–2000) became internationally famous as a hub for counter-cultural activities and anarchist organisation.<a href="#cite_note-NP-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Squat_Milada" title="Squat Milada">Squat Milada</a> was occupied in 1997 and evicted in 2009. Its longevity was in part due to the building not existing in the <a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">cadastre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Prague-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Klinika_(social_centre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Klinika (social centre)">Klinika</a> was an occupied social centre between 2014 and 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Klinika-80">[80]</a> These three social centres, all in Prague, were the city's three most important political squats.<a href="#cite_note-NK-81">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg/220px-AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg/330px-AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg/440px-AnarchistSquatDemoGreece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A pro-squatting protest in Greece, with participants carrying anarchist flags</figcaption></figure> Starting from December 2012, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Police">Greek Police</a> initiated extensive raids in a number of squats in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, arresting and charging with offences all illegal occupants (mostly anarchists). Squats including <a href="/wiki/Villa_Amalia_(Athens)" title="Villa Amalia (Athens)">Villa Amalia</a> were evicted.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> A march in support of the 92 arrestees drew between 3,000 and 8,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Rally-83">[83]</a> After Villa Amalia, Villa Skaramanga and then Villa Lela Karagianni were evicted. Lela Karagianni had been squatted since 1998 and was later reoccupied.<a href="#cite_note-Cappucini-84">[84]</a> The name came from the street, named for a Greek World War II <a href="/wiki/Lela_Karagianni" title="Lela Karagianni">resistance leader</a> of that name. From 2015 onwards Athens has seen <a href="/wiki/Athens_refugee_squats" title="Athens refugee squats">refugee squats</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a> which are anarchist and self-organised.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 2019, several squats in <a href="/wiki/Exarcheia" title="Exarcheia">Exarcheia</a> were evicted by the Greek state. Some of the migrants evicted set up a camp outside the Parliament at <a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ekathimerini-86">[86]</a> There was a large squatting movement in the newly formed state of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_German-Austria" title="Republic of German-Austria">Austria</a> following the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Famine was a significant problem for many people in Austria and the "Siedler" (settler) movement developed as these people tried to create shelter and a source of food for themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Vossoughian-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kirchweger_Haus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Kirchweger Haus">Ernst Kirchweger Haus</a> (EKH) in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> was squatted as a social centre in 1990 and legalised in 2008. In 2014, 1,500 riot <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Austria)" title="Federal Police (Austria)">police officers</a>, a <a href="/wiki/SWAT_vehicle" title="SWAT vehicle">tank-like police vehicle</a>, a police <a href="/wiki/Water_cannon" title="Water cannon">water cannon</a> and helicopters were used to clear a building occupied by the group Pizzeria Anarchia in Vienna.<a href="#cite_note-PA-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Europe">Western Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Western Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of squat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg/220px-CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg/330px-CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg/440px-CSOA_La_Carboneria_fa%C3%A7ana_globus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Facade of the evicted Carboneria squat in Barcelona</figcaption></figure> In many West European countries, since the 1960s and 1970s, there are both squatted houses used as residences and <a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-managed social centre">self-managed social centres</a> where people pursue social and cultural activities.<a href="#cite_note-pruijt-7">[7]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the village of <a href="/wiki/Doel" title="Doel">Doel</a> was slowly occupied by squatters and used by street artists after becoming a <a href="/wiki/Ghost_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost village">ghost village</a> when the plans to expand <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Antwerp" title="Port of Antwerp">Port of Antwerp</a> stalled.<a href="#cite_note-Doel-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freetown_Christiania" title="Freetown Christiania">Christiania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, is an independent community of almost 900 people founded in 1971 on the site of an abandoned military zone. In Copenhagen, as in other European cities such as Berlin and Amsterdam, the squatter movement was large in the 1980s. It was a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a>, providing housing and alternative culture. A flashpoint came in 1986 with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ryesgade" title="Battle of Ryesgade">Battle of Ryesgade</a>. Another flashpoint came in 2007 when <a href="/wiki/Ungdomshuset" title="Ungdomshuset">Ungdomshuset</a> was evicted. While not technically a squat until 14 December 2006, it was a social centre used by squatters and people involved in alternative culture more generally. After a year of protests, the city council donated a new building.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Housing_Action_Committee" title="Dublin Housing Action Committee">Dublin Housing Action Committee</a> (DHAC) was active between 1968 and 1971, occupying buildings to protest the housing crisis in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-DHAC-92">[92]</a> The Prohibition of Forcible Entry and Occupation Act of 1971 criminalized squatting.<a href="#cite_note-Murray307-93">[93]</a> Squatters can gain title to land and property by adverse possession as governed by the 1957 Statute of Limitations Act.<a href="#cite_note-UO-94">[94]</a> From the 1990s onwards, there have been occasional <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ireland" title="Squatting in Ireland">political squats</a> such as Disco Disco, Magpie and <a href="/wiki/Grangegorman" title="Grangegorman">Grangegorman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShortHistoryDublin-96">[96]</a> In early twentieth century <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, several artists who would later become world-famous, such as <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Modigliani" title="Amedeo Modigliani">Amedeo Modigliani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> squatted at the <a href="/wiki/Bateau-Lavoir" title="Bateau-Lavoir">Bateau-Lavoir</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Paris moved to legitimize some popular artist squats in the mid-2000s by purchasing and renovating the buildings for artist–residents. An example is <a href="/wiki/Les_Frigos" title="Les Frigos">Les Frigos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In the 2010s there have been several land squats protesting against large infrastructure projects. These are known collectively as <a href="/wiki/Zone_to_Defend" title="Zone to Defend">Zone to Defend</a> or ZAD (French: zone à défendre). The first and largest was the <a href="/wiki/ZAD_de_Notre-Dame-des-Landes" title="ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes">ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes</a>, which successfully opposed an airport project near Nantes.<a href="#cite_note-GdC-98">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of squat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg/220px-Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg/330px-Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg/440px-Chien-Rouge-p1020706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The Chien Rouge (Red Dog) in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, in a former hospital</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> had 160 buildings illegally occupied and more than 2,000 squatters, in the middle of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-SI-99">[99]</a> The <a href="/wiki/RHINO_(squat)" title="RHINO (squat)">RHINO</a> (Retour des Habitants dans les Immeubles Non-Occupés, in English: Return of Inhabitants to Non-Occupied Buildings) was a 19-year-long squat in Geneva. It occupied two buildings on the Boulevard des Philosophes, a few blocks away from the main campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>. The RHINO organisation often faced legal troubles, and Geneva police evicted the inhabitants on July 23, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-SI-99">[99]</a> There were large riots in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Binz_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Binz occupation">Binz occupation</a> was evicted in 2013. The squatters moved to another building.<a href="#cite_note-sieben-100">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg/220px-Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg/330px-Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg/440px-Raeumung_Topf_und_Soehne-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Police during eviction of the <a href="/wiki/J.A._Topf_%26_S%C3%B6hne" class="mw-redirect" title="J.A. Topf & Söhne">Topf & Söhne</a> squat, 16 April 2009</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Public_opposition" title="Public opposition">public opposition</a> in the 1970s, squatting in West German cities led to what <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margit_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margit Mayer (page does not exist)">Margit Mayer</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margit_Mayer" class="extiw" title="de:Margit Mayer">de</a>] termed "a self-confident urban counterculture with its own infrastructure of newspapers, self-managed collectives and housing cooperatives, feminist groups, and so on, which was prepared to intervene in local and broader politics".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Autonomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomen">Autonomen</a> movement protected squats against eviction and participated in radical direct action in cities such as Berlin. The squats were mainly for residential and social use. Squatting became known by the term instandbesetzen, from instandsetzen ("renovating") and besetzen ("occupying").<a href="#cite_note-pruijt-7">[7]</a> Well-known contemporary squats include <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8pi" title="Køpi">Køpi</a> in Berlin and <a href="/wiki/Rote_Flora" title="Rote Flora">Rote Flora</a> in Hamburg.<a href="#cite_note-Køpi-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-RF-103">[103]</a> Legalised housing projects include <a href="/wiki/Hafenstra%C3%9Fe" title="Hafenstraße">Hafenstraße</a> in Hamburg and <a href="/wiki/Kiefernstra%C3%9Fe" title="Kiefernstraße">Kiefernstraße</a> in Düsseldorf.<a href="#cite_note-Hafenstraße-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiefernstraße-105">[105]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mietsh%C3%A4user_Syndikat" title="Mietshäuser Syndikat">Mietshäuser Syndikat</a> was founded in 1992 by people who had been squatting in <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> in the 1980s<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> to provide a way of transforming private property into <a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">collective ownership</a>, including squats.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Squatting has also been used as a tactic for campaigning purposes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Anatopia" title="Anatopia">Anatopia</a> project, which protested against a <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> test track.<a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-108">[108]</a> Squatters moved into the former factory site of <a href="/wiki/J.A._Topf_%26_S%C3%B6hne" class="mw-redirect" title="J.A. Topf & Söhne">J.A. Topf & Söhne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> in April 2001 and remained there until they were evicted by police in April 2009. The firm made crematoria for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>. The squatters ran culture programs which drew attention to the history of the company. The occupation was known simply as Das Besetzte Haus (the occupied house) and was one of the most well known actions of left-radicals of that period in Germany. A book about the occupation was published in 2012, entitled Topf & Söhne – Besetzung auf einem Täterort (Topf & Söhne – Occupation of a crime scene).<a href="#cite_note-besetz-109">[109]</a> Since 2012, <a href="/wiki/Hambach_Forest" title="Hambach Forest">Hambach Forest</a> has been occupied by activists seeking to prevent its destruction by the energy company <a href="/wiki/RWE" title="RWE">RWE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hambach-110">[110]</a> While the majority of squatting in Germany still comes from left-wing actors there are also examples of <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_squatting" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing squatting">right-wing squatting</a>. An example for right-wing squatting in Berlin is the occupation of Weitlingstraße 122. The house was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazis</a> in 1990, when a lot of houses in former <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a> where empty. They named similar social issues as leftist squatters as their reason for squatting. The space was used for different purposes ranging from a place to live, gather or party, to producing propaganda and planning right-wing terrorist activities. The squat dissolved at the end of 1990 because of disagreements in the heterogenous group of squatters.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reykjavik_Squat,_Iceland_(3446319888).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg/220px-Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg/330px-Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg/440px-Reykjavik_Squat%2C_Iceland_%283446319888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>A short-lived squat in Reykjavík in 2009. The signs say "We take matters into our own hands" and "The home is sacred, the property rights are not"</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, the capital of Iceland, there is a small tradition of squatting. In 1919, anarchists occupied a building and were quickly evicted.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Squatters occupied an empty house in downtown Reykjavík on Vatnsstigur street in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The squatters set up a freeshop and had plans for a social centre, but the occupation was quickly evicted by the police and 22 people were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Vatnsstigur 4 was briefly resquatted on May 7, 2009, in solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/Rozbrat" title="Rozbrat">Rozbrat</a> squat in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, which was threatened with eviction.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Also in 2009, a group of <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> artists called the Pretty Boys occupied Hverfisgata 34. Their intention was to make a clandestine gallery and then when they were not evicted, they legalised the space and called it Gallery Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> When the Reykjavíkur Akademían (the Reykjavík Academy) was evicted at short notice from Hringbraut 121 in November 2011, it was occupied in protest. The space, which had hosted lectures and also Iceland's trade union and anarchist libraries, was moved to another location but the occupiers were unhappy that the new use of the building would be a guest house for tourists. An art exhibition was organised, with a camera obscura, live music and shadow theatre.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg/220px-Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg/330px-Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg/440px-Squatting_Graffiti_in_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption>Rome barricades itself. A squatting symbol appearing as graffiti in Rome</figcaption></figure> In Italy, despite the lack of official data, it appears that about 50,000 buildings all over the country are unused or abandoned and thus subject to squatting.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Squatting has no legal basis, but many squats are used as <a href="/wiki/Social_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Social centre">social centres</a>. The first occupations of abandoned buildings began in 1968 with the left-wing movements <a href="/wiki/Lotta_Continua" title="Lotta Continua">Lotta Continua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potere_Operaio" title="Potere Operaio">Potere Operaio</a>. Out of the breakup of these two movements was born <a href="/wiki/Autonomia_Operaia" title="Autonomia Operaia">Autonomia Operaia</a>, which was composed of a Marxist–Leninist and Maoist wing and also an anarchist and more libertarian one. These squats had <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist">Marxist–Leninist</a> (but also <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a>) ideals and came from the left wing of Autonomia. The militants of the Italian armed struggle (the New <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a>) were connected to these squats.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> There are many left-wing self-organised occupied projects across Italy such as <a href="/wiki/Cascina_Torchiera" title="Cascina Torchiera">Cascina Torchiera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centro_Sociale_Leoncavallo" title="Centro Sociale Leoncavallo">Centro Sociale Leoncavallo</a> in Milan and <a href="/wiki/CSOA_Forte_Prenestino" title="CSOA Forte Prenestino">Forte Prenestino</a> in Rome. In Rome there is also a far-right social centre, <a href="/wiki/Far-right_social_centres#CasaPound" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right social centres">Casa Pound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Seizure-120">[120]</a> This situation has so far received the approval of Italian courts, which have been reluctant to defend the owners' rights. In contrast with the dominant jurisprudence, new case-law (from the <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> Tribunal and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a>) instructs the government to pay damages in case of squatting if the institutions have failed to prevent it.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubica-panden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of squat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ubica-panden.jpg/220px-Ubica-panden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ubica-panden.jpg/330px-Ubica-panden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ubica-panden.jpg/440px-Ubica-panden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ubica" title="Ubica">Ubica</a>, a former squat in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> </figcaption></figure> Regarding <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Netherlands" title="Squatting in the Netherlands">squatting in the Netherlands</a>, the Dutch use the term krakers to refer to people who squat houses with the aim of living in them (as opposed to people who break into buildings for the purpose of vandalism or theft).<a href="#cite_note-pruijt-7">[7]</a> Notable squats in cities around the country include <a href="/wiki/ACU_(Utrecht)" title="ACU (Utrecht)">ACU</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moira_(Utrecht)" title="Moira (Utrecht)">Moira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Poortgebouw" title="Poortgebouw">Poortgebouw</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCCII" title="OCCII">OCCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/OT301" title="OT301">OT301</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vrankrijk" title="Vrankrijk">Vrankrijk</a> in Amsterdam, the <a href="/wiki/Grote_Broek" title="Grote Broek">Grote Broek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vrijplaats_Koppenhinksteeg" title="Vrijplaats Koppenhinksteeg">Vrijplaats Koppenhinksteeg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Vloek" title="De Vloek">De Vloek</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Landbouwbelang_(squat)" title="Landbouwbelang (squat)">Landbouwbelang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>. Land squats include <a href="/wiki/Ruigoord" title="Ruigoord">Ruigoord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pannerden" title="Fort Pannerden">Fort Pannerden</a>. On 1 June 2010, squatting in the Netherland became illegal and punishable when a decree was sent out that the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Squatting_Ban" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Squatting Ban">squatting ban</a> would be enforced from 1 October.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Following legal challenges, on October 28, 2011, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands decided that the eviction of a squat can only occur after an intervention of a judge.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The Dutch government assessed the effectiveness of the new law in 2015, releasing a report giving statistics on arrests and convictions between October 2010 and December 2014. During this time period, 529 people have been arrested for the act of occupying derelict buildings in 213 separate incidents. Of the 529 arrests, 210 were found guilty. Of those convicted, 39 people were imprisoned for the new offence.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of squat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg/220px-Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg/330px-Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg/440px-Barcelona_okupa_Can_Vies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1803" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Can_Vies" title="Can Vies">Can Vies</a> social centre in Barcelona</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a> migrant workers lived in <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a> on the periphery of cities.<a href="#cite_note-CeN-125">[125]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a>, residential squatting occurred in Spanish cities such as Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Valencia and Zaragoza. The number of squatted social centres in Barcelona grew from under thirty in the 1990s to around sixty in 2014, as recorded by Info Usurpa (a weekly activist agenda).<a href="#cite_note-CeN-125">[125]</a>: 113  The influential <a href="/wiki/Kasa_de_la_Muntanya" title="Kasa de la Muntanya">Kasa de la Muntanya</a> was occupied in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-CeN-125">[125]</a>: 104  In 2014, the ultimately unsuccessful attempts to evict the long-running social centre of <a href="/wiki/Can_Vies" title="Can Vies">Can Vies</a> provoked major riots.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph1-126">[126]</a> Another long-running squat is <a href="/wiki/Can_Masdeu" title="Can Masdeu">Can Masdeu</a>, which survived a concerted eviction attempt in 2002. Eleven occupiers suspended themselves off the walls of the building for several days.<a href="#cite_note-CeN-125">[125]</a>: 114  Younger squatters set up <a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-managed social centre">self-managed social centres</a> which hosted events and campaigns. The 1995 <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_(Spain)" title="Criminal Code (Spain)">Criminal Code</a> among other things criminalised squatting, but failed to stop it.<a href="#cite_note-SiS-127">[127]</a> Social centres exist in cities across the country, for example <a href="/wiki/Can_Masdeu" title="Can Masdeu">Can Masdeu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Can_Vies" title="Can Vies">Can Vies</a> in Barcelona and <a href="/wiki/Eskalera_Karakola" title="Eskalera Karakola">Eskalera Karakola</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Ingobernable" title="La Ingobernable">La Ingobernable</a> in Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-CeN-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eskalera-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ingob-129">[129]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a> the centres are known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaztetxes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaztetxes (page does not exist)">gaztetxes</a> [<a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaztetxe" class="extiw" title="eu:Gaztetxe">eu</a>]. A well-known example was <a href="/wiki/Kukutza" title="Kukutza">Kukutza</a> in Bilbao.<a href="#cite_note-Kukutza-130">[130]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg/220px-London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg/330px-London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg/440px-London_Social_Centre_Russell_Square_squat_1_20060329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>The "Square Occupied Social Centre", a now-evicted squat in <a href="/wiki/Russell_Square" title="Russell Square">Russell Square</a>, London</figcaption></figure> Squatting in England and Wales has a long history.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The occupation and cultivation of untended land motivated the <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a> of 1381 and the <a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a> in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-132">[132]</a> In the 20th century, squatters turned to abandoned buildings. Mass squats were organised in a number of prominent public buildings in central London, culminating in the occupation of 144 Piccadilly in 1969. The <a href="/wiki/London_Street_Commune" title="London Street Commune">London Street Commune</a> or "Hippydilly" garnered worldwide attention.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> There were estimated to be 50,000 squatters throughout Britain in the late 1970s, with the majority (30,000) living in London.<a href="#cite_note-Kearns-134">[134]</a> The BBC reported in 2011 that the government estimated that there were "20,000 squatters in the UK" and "650,000 empty properties".<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-132">[132]</a> On 1 September 2012, under Section 144 of the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Aid,_Sentencing_and_Punishment_of_Offenders_Act_2012" title="Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012">Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012</a>, squatting in residential property was criminalised by the <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">Cameron–Clegg coalition</a>, punishable by up to six months in prison or a £5000 fine, or both.<a href="#cite_note-squattingillegal-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The same year saw the first successful prosecution for squatting, resulting in a 12-week jail sentence.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Section 61 of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_and_Public_Order_Act_1994" title="Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994">Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994</a> provides police with additional power to remove trespassers when there is damage to land or property, trespassers are abusive, insulting or threatening or there are over six vehicles on premises related to squatters.<a href="#cite_note-Hayes-138">[138]</a> In the late 1960s, people in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> were forced to squat through both poverty and a lack of decent housing. In <a href="/wiki/County_Tyrone" title="County Tyrone">County Tyrone</a>, there were allegations of unfair housing provision on the basis of politics and religion.<a href="#cite_note-Sense-139">[139]</a> When a house in the village of <a href="/wiki/Caledon,_County_Tyrone" title="Caledon, County Tyrone">Caledon</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Dungannon" title="Dungannon">Dungannon</a>, was allocated to a young Protestant woman, Emily Beattie, it caused protests.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> She was secretary to a solicitor who worked for the Unionist councillor who had given her the house and two Catholic families who had been overlooked complained that the same councillor had scotched plans to build houses for Catholics in the Dungannon area. Several days after the woman had moved in, the Catholic squatters in the house next door were evicted. <a href="/wiki/Austin_Currie" title="Austin Currie">Austin Currie</a>, then a young politician, complained both at the local council and at Stormont about the situation. He then symbolically occupied the woman's house for a few hours, before being evicted by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC). One of the policeman was the woman's brother who himself moved into the house later on.<a href="#cite_note-Sense-139">[139]</a> The incident quickly became a media sensation and in August the civil rights movement arranged one of its first marches, from Coalisland to Dungannon. This was followed in October by a civil rights march in <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a> which was organised by the <a href="/wiki/Derry_Housing_Action_Committee" title="Derry Housing Action Committee">Derry Housing Action Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Civil_Rights_Association" title="Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association">Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association</a>. The march was repressed by the RUC.<a href="#cite_note-Sense-139">[139]</a> In 2012, activists from Occupy Belfast squatted a <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ireland" title="Bank of Ireland">Bank of Ireland</a> building in Belfast city centre and used it as a social space.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Squatting in Northern Ireland was unaffected by the recent law change in England and Wales, and remains a civil matter.<a href="#cite_note-Nowicki-home-142">[142]</a> Squatting in Scotland is a criminal offence, punishable by a fine or imprisonment, under the <a href="/wiki/Trespass_(Scotland)_Act_1865" title="Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865">Trespass (Scotland) Act 1865</a>. The owner or lawful occupier of the property has the right to evict squatters without notice or applying to the court for an eviction order, although when evicting, they cannot do anything that would break the law, for example, use violence.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nowicki-home-142">[142]</a> Nevertheless, the 19th and early 20th centuries saw various <a href="/wiki/Land_raid" title="Land raid">land raids</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Cottar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottar">cottars</a> attempted to occupy land for subsistence farming. In 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Men_of_Knoydart" title="Seven Men of Knoydart">Seven Men of Knoydart</a> unsuccessfully squatted land owned by the Nazi-supporting <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Nall-Cain,_2nd_Baron_Brocket" title="Ronald Nall-Cain, 2nd Baron Brocket">Lord Brocket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> There have been several <a href="/wiki/Road_protest_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Road protest in the United Kingdom">road protest</a> land squats such as <a href="/wiki/Bilston,_Midlothian" title="Bilston, Midlothian">Bilston Glen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollok_Country_Park#Protests" title="Pollok Country Park">Pollok Free State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bilston-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The former premises of the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Caf%C3%A9" title="Forest Café">Forest Café</a> in Edinburgh were squatted in 2011<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and activists occupied a former shelter in Glasgow in 2021, during <a href="/wiki/COP26" class="mw-redirect" title="COP26">COP26</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glasgow-148">[148]</a> In 2010, a representative of the UK Bailiff Company claimed that the number of people squatting in Wales was at its highest for 40 years.<a href="#cite_note-rise-149">[149]</a> The high number of businesses failing in urban Wales has led to squatting becoming a growing issue in large cities like Swansea and Cardiff.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Experts said "the majority [of squatters] are forced into the lifestyle by financial pressures." Based on the internal database of UK Bailiff Company, there were 100 cases of squatting in 2009, the highest for 40 years, following trends estimated by the <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Service_for_Squatters" title="Advisory Service for Squatters">Advisory Service for Squatters</a> that squatting has doubled in England and Wales since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-rise-149">[149]</a> As with England, from 1 September 2012, squatting in a residential building was made a criminal offence subject to arrest, fine and imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-squattingillegal-135">[135]</a> Cardiff Squatters Network was formed in December 2012, to network together squatters citywide, and host "skill-share" <a href="/wiki/Workshops" class="mw-redirect" title="Workshops">workshops</a> on squatting legally in commercial buildings.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Squatting in the United States">Squatting in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> International context</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> Principles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_equity" title="Sweat equity">Sweat equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_(law)" title="Gift (law)">Gift</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> Programs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_homesteading_(housing)" title="Urban homesteading (housing)">Urban homesteading</a></li> <li>1202a Nuisance Abatement Program</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> Solution frameworks</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">Housing cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_organization" title="Mutual organization">Mutual housing association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_land_trust" title="Community land trust">Community land trust</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> Housing and justice</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now" title="Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now">Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_Not_Jails" title="Homes Not Jails">Homes Not Jails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Welfare_Rights_Union" title="Kensington Welfare Rights Union">Kensington Welfare Rights Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Housers" title="Mad Housers">Mad Housers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_the_Homeless" title="National Union of the Homeless">National Union of the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_the_Farm" title="Occupy the Farm">Occupy the Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Move-In" title="Operation Move-In">Operation Move-In</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Back_the_Land" title="Take Back the Land">Take Back the Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Homesteading_Assistance_Board" title="Urban Homesteading Assistance Board">Urban Homesteading Assistance Board</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e7e7ff"> Notable squats</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_No_Rio" title="ABC No Rio">ABC No Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Space" title="Bullet Space">Bullet Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos_Blockos" title="Dos Blockos">Dos Blockos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Squat" title="C-Squat">C-Squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Village" title="Dignity Village">Dignity Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Batcave" title="Gowanus Batcave">Gowanus Batcave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_City,_California" title="Slab City, California">Slab City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_House" title="Umbrella House">Umbrella House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umoja_Village" title="Umoja Village">Umoja Village</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Squatting in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Squatting in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> In Canada, there are two systems to register the ownership of land. Under the land title system, squatter rights, formally known as adverse possession, were abolished. However, under the registry system, these rights have been preserved. If a person occupies land for the required period of time as set out in provincial limitation acts and during that time no legal action is taken to evict them, then the ownership of the land transfers from the legal owner to the squatter.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_allowance_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Road allowance communities">Road allowance communities</a> were settlements established by <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> people in the late 1800s through most of the 20th century on <a href="/wiki/Road_allowances" class="mw-redirect" title="Road allowances">road allowances</a> at the margins of settler society. Métis people were dispossessed from their land in the late 19th century, so they frequently squatted in these unclaimed and marginal spaces.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Frances_Street_Squats" title="Frances Street Squats">Frances Street Squats</a> in Vancouver were a row of six buildings squatted for nine months in 1990. They were evicted in a large operation and a film was subsequently made, called The Beat of Frances Street. In recent years, there have been a number of public squats which have brought together the two main contemporary reasons for squatting – homelessness and activism. Examples are the Préfontaine squat in <a href="/wiki/Overdale" title="Overdale">Overdale</a>, a district of <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a> (2001),<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Woodward%27s_Building" title="Woodward's Building">Woodward's Squat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> (2002), the Infirmary Squat in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> (2002), the Pope Squat in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> (2002), the Seven Year Squat in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> (2002), the Water Street Squat in <a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a> (2003), and the <a href="/wiki/North_Star_hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="North Star hotel">North Star hotel</a> in Vancouver (2006). These were squats organised by anti-poverty groups which tended to be short-lived.<a href="#cite_note-Squatting_and_the_City-158">[158]</a> The Woodward's building was a derelict department store which had stood empty for nine years. After being evicted from the building, two hundred squatters set up a tent city on the pavement outside.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The action is credited with putting in motion the eventual redevelopment of the building.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The Peterborough Coalition Against Poverty (PCAP) publicly squatted 1130 Water Street, a building which stood empty after a fire. The group offered to repair the place and return it to its use as low-income housing. City officials agreed to the repairs and then City Council voted to demolish the building. The cost of demolition was $8,900 and the cost of repairs had been projected to be $6,900.<a href="#cite_note-Squatting_and_the_City-158">[158]</a> The North Star hotel was temporarily squatted as a protest against emptiness by the Vancouver Anti-Poverty Committee.<a href="#cite_note-PVS-161">[161]</a> In 2011, the "Occupy Toronto squat team" squatted a basement at 238 Queen Street West and offered to take on a lease for 99 cents per year. They were evicted after eight hours.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Squatting in the United States">Squatting in the United States</a> occurred historically in large numbers during both the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> and World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Clay-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nakagawa-164">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hoovervilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoovervilles">Hoovervilles</a> were homeless camps built across the country during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s. They were named after <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, who was president of the country at the time.<a href="#cite_note-HaH-165">[165]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> (2007–2009) more shanty towns appeared<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> with others squatting in foreclosed homes.<a href="#cite_note-Anti-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-oregon-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-fore-169">[169]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hippie_movement" title="History of the hippie movement">hippie movement</a>, squatters in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> established the commune of <a href="/wiki/Tawapa" title="Tawapa">Tawapa</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Sandia_Mountains" title="Sandia Mountains">Sandia Mountains</a>. However, they were kicked out in the 1990s because they did not have the legal rights to the land.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Community organizations have abetted squatters in taking over vacant buildings not only as a place to live but also a part of larger campaign to shine a light on inequity in housing and advocate change in housing and land issues.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In 2002, the New York City administration agreed to work with eleven squatted buildings on the <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> in a deal brokered by the <a href="/wiki/Urban_Homesteading_Assistance_Board" title="Urban Homesteading Assistance Board">Urban Homesteading Assistance Board</a> with the condition the apartments would eventually be turned over to the tenants as low-income <a href="/wiki/Housing_cooperative" title="Housing cooperative">housing cooperatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Voice-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Latin America and the Caribbean">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> countries, informal settlements result from internal migration to urban areas, lack of affordable housing and ineffective governance.<a href="#cite_note-Quito-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Everett-174">[174]</a> During the 1950s and 1960s, many Latin American cities demolished squatter settlements and would quickly evict land invasions.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 41–42  In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Chile" title="Squatting in Chile">Chile</a>, the government of <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Eduardo Frei Montalva">Eduardo Frei Montalva</a> (1964–1970) began to permit shanty towns and the government of <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a> (1970–1973) encouraged them, but under the <a href="/wiki/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1973)" title="Government Junta of Chile (1973)">military junta</a> from 1973 onwards squatters were again quickly evicted.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 91  Likewise in <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Argentina" title="Squatting in Argentina">Argentina</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Civic-military_dictatorship_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Civic-military dictatorship of Argentina">military dictatorship</a> there was a zero tolerance policy.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 42  Nevertheless, forced by hunger and unemployment to take action, 20,000 squatters occupied 211 hectares of disused privately owned land on the periphery of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> in 1981, forming six new settlements. They collectively resisted the eviction attempts and by 1984 had outlasted the dictatorship. The election of a democratic government led to the local councils becoming more open to negotiation.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 13–15  More recently, governments have switched from a policy of eradication to one of giving squatters title to their lands, as part of various programs to move people out of slums and to alleviate poverty.<a href="#cite_note-Dereg-175">[175]</a> Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the thinking of economists such as <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)" title="Hernando de Soto (economist)">Hernando de Soto</a>, the programs aim to provide better housing and to promote entrepreneurship, for the former squatters can use their houses as <a href="/wiki/Collateral_(finance)" title="Collateral (finance)">collateral</a> to secure business loans.<a href="#cite_note-SPE-176">[176]</a> Former squatters found that it was hard to maintain the property title over time after deaths or divorces and that banks changed their loan requirements so as to exclude them.<a href="#cite_note-Dereg-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPE-176">[176]</a> In Nicaragua, squatting occurred after the <a href="/wiki/1972_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1972 Nicaragua earthquake">1972 Nicaragua earthquake</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Peru" title="Squatting in Peru">Peru</a>, the name given to the squatter zones is <a href="/wiki/Pueblos_j%C3%B3venes" title="Pueblos jóvenes">pueblos jóvenes</a> (literally "young towns").<a href="#cite_note-COHA-179">[179]</a> In the 1980s, there were more than 300 pueblos jóvenes surrounding the capital <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, housing over one million people.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 76  In Argentina they are known as <a href="/wiki/Villa_miseria" title="Villa miseria">villa miseria</a> (literally "misery settlement"), and as <a href="/wiki/Asentamiento" title="Asentamiento">asentamiento</a> in <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Uruguay" title="Squatting in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and Guatemala.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 13 <a href="#cite_note-Tobar-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rivadulla-181">[181]</a> The population of Ecuador's capital <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a> grew sevenfold between 1950 and 2001. There are three types of <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a> in the city, namely barrios periféricos (shanty towns on the edge of the city), conventillos (dilapidated tenements in the urban centre) and rural shanty towns from where inhabitants commute to work in the city. An estimated 170,000 people were living in slums in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-Quito-173">[173]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>, Ecuador's largest city and main port, around 600,000 people in the early 1980s were either squatting on self-built structures over swamplands or living in inner-city slums.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 25, 76  Illegal settlements frequently resulted from land invasions, in which large groups of squatters would build structures and hope to prevent eviction through strength in numbers.<a href="#cite_note-Untitled-182">[182]</a> From the beginning of the 19th century, there was internal migration from rural areas to cities such as <a href="/wiki/Cochabamba" title="Cochabamba">Cochabamba</a> in Bolivia. By 1951, the migrants had begun to seize land and build <a href="/wiki/Informal_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal settlements">informal settlements</a>. The land invasions continued despite the authorities often evicting them and from 1945 until 1976, 10 per cent of development in Cochabamba was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro-183">[183]</a> From the 1970s the government has attempted to regularize the squatter settlements and the programs have largely failed due to corruption. A fresh initiative set up in 2002 did not prevent new settlements being squatted.<a href="#cite_note-Navarro-183">[183]</a> In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> had 48 unauthorised graveyards where the poor buried their dead. The land was squatted and there was no record of how many people were buried in the cemeteries.<a href="#cite_note-WP-184">[184]</a> There are also squatters in the forest lowlands who are illegal loggers.<a href="#cite_note-JEM-185">[185]</a> Indigenous peoples occupied a gold mine at <a href="/wiki/Tacacoma" title="Tacacoma">Tacacoma</a> in 2015 which they said was on their ancestral land. When 200 police officers attempted to evict them, four were taken hostage and one died.<a href="#cite_note-Clash-186">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Favela_Vidigal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Favela_Vidigal.jpg/260px-Favela_Vidigal.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Favela_Vidigal.jpg/390px-Favela_Vidigal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Favela_Vidigal.jpg/520px-Favela_Vidigal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Favela" title="Favela">favela</a> in Rio de Janeiro</figcaption></figure> In Brazil, informal settlements are called <a href="/wiki/Favela" title="Favela">favelas</a>; a famous example is <a href="/wiki/Rocinha" title="Rocinha">Rocinha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, home to up to 180,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Rio-187">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Brazil" title="Squatting in Brazil">The squats</a> are mostly inhabited by the poorest strata of society, and usually lack much infrastructure and public services, but in some cases, already have reached the structure needed for a city. As of 2004, across Brazil there were 25 million people living in favelas.<a href="#cite_note-neuwirth-188">[188]</a> After failed attempts in the 1960s and 1970s to bulldoze slums out of existence, the authorities moved towards a policy of toleration.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 29, 41  In <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, until 1972 favelas were usually demolished; after that time they were permitted, meaning that in the next decade the number of squatters rose to one million.<a href="#cite_note-Hardoy-18">[18]</a>: 83, 92  The largest favela is <a href="/wiki/Heli%C3%B3polis" title="Heliópolis">Heliópolis</a>, with over 200,000 inhabitants as of 2018. It has been officially recognized as a regular neighborhood of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Heliópolis-189">[189]</a> There are also a number of squatter buildings in the inner city, the most famous of which was a 22-storey building called <a href="/wiki/Prestes_Maia_(building)" title="Prestes Maia (building)">Prestes Maia</a>, whose inhabitants were ordered to leave in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-GPM-190">[190]</a> Various occupations in buildings and unoccupied areas in big cities, led by groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Homeless_Workers%27_Movement" title="Homeless Workers' Movement">Homeless Workers' Movement</a> (MTST) or Downtown Roofless Movement (MSTC), have occurred.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> There are also rural squatter movements in Brazil, such as the <a href="/wiki/Landless_Workers%27_Movement" title="Landless Workers' Movement">Landless Workers' Movement</a> (MST), which organise land occupations. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Pontal_do_Paran%C3%A1" title="Pontal do Paraná">Pontal do Paraná</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a> 112 occupations were carried out, housing 6,500 families.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandes-192">[192]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Colombian Constitution of 1991</a> states that housing is a universal human right.<a href="#cite_note-Everett-174">[174]</a> In 2010, Colombia was the country with the second most internally displaced people in the world, at an estimated 4 million.<a href="#cite_note-Time-193">[193]</a> This was the result of an extended civil conflict between rebels, paramilitaries, cocaine traders and the state, which left 40% of rural land without legal title.<a href="#cite_note-Time-193">[193]</a> In the capital <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, squatting has traditionally not been the main technique for land acquisition; people tend to purchase land legally and then subdivide or develop it illegally, creating "pirate neighbourhoods".<a href="#cite_note-Gonzalez-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rueda-García-195">[195]</a> In 1970, 45.9% of Bogotá's population lived in these pirate neighbourhoods, as compared to 1.1% who were squatting.<a href="#cite_note-Rueda-García-195">[195]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of homes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG/220px-Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG/330px-Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG/440px-Cit%C3%A9_soleil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Soleil" title="Cité Soleil">Cité Soleil</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a> (1791–1804), <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Haiti" title="Squatting in Haiti">squatters in Haiti</a> acquired smallholdings across the country.<a href="#cite_note-FA-196">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Soleil" title="Cité Soleil">Cité Soleil</a> was founded in 1958 to house workers, then grew rapidly to 80,000 people in the 1980s and 400,000 people in the 1990s. It became the largest slum in Haiti, housing people displaced from other areas. There is little infrastructure and the area frequently becomes flooded.<a href="#cite_note-SES-197">[197]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a>, 1.5 million people were displaced.<a href="#cite_note-TRF-198">[198]</a> One year later, 100,000 squatters had left the aid camps and were occupying land next to an official camp called Corail.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> On <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island nations</a> such as Fiji, Kiribati and Samoa, informal settlements are known as squatter settlements.<a href="#cite_note-AP2011-200">[200]</a> Unlike most Pacific Island countries, it is possible to sell or buy <a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">customary land</a> in Kiribati. Zoning laws are not implemented by the government and not widely recognised by local people.<a href="#cite_note-AP2005-201">[201]</a> On the island of <a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a>, squatters live in both villages and on old <a href="/wiki/Burns_Philp" title="Burns Philp">Burns Philp</a> <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> plantations.<a href="#cite_note-AP2011-200">[200]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Rarotonga" title="Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>, the largest island in <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, three informal settlements are inhabited by people from <a href="/wiki/Manihiki" title="Manihiki">Manihiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penrhyn_atoll" title="Penrhyn atoll">Penrhyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pukapuka" title="Pukapuka">Pukapuka</a>. The 3,000 dwellers are known as squatters although they have permission to live on the <a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">customary land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Batchelor-202">[202]</a> In the 19th century, the British government claimed to own all of Australia and tried to control land ownership. Wealthy farmers of livestock claimed land for themselves and thus were known as squatters.<a href="#cite_note-StateLibrary-203">[203]</a> This type of squatting is covered in greater detail at <a href="/wiki/Squatting_(Australian_history)" title="Squatting (Australian history)">Squatting (Australian history)</a>. During the late 1940s the squatting of hundreds of empty houses and military camps, forced federal and state governments to provide emergency shelter during a period when Australians faced a shortage of more than 300 000 homes. In more recent times,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> there have been <a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Australia" title="Squatting in Australia">Australian squats</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tent_Embassy" title="Aboriginal Tent Embassy">Aboriginal Tent Embassy</a> was set up in 1972 and is a permanent <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">protest occupation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2016_Bendigo_Street_housing_dispute" title="2016 Bendigo Street housing dispute">2016 Bendigo Street housing dispute</a> saw squatters successfully contesting road-building plans. The Midnight Star squat was used as a self-managed social centre in a former cinema, before being evicted after being used as a convergence space during the 2002 <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> meeting.<a href="#cite_note-Berry-207">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandonment_(legal)" title="Abandonment (legal)">Abandonment (legal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claim_club" title="Claim club">Claim club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">Land grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatters_union" title="Squatters union">Squatters union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treesitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Treesitting">Treesitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_use" title="Temporary use">Temporary use</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Homesteaders_in_the_Hood-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Homesteaders_in_the_Hood_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeñalver2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Peñalver, Eduardo M. 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Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9774164040" title="Special:BookSources/978-9774164040"><bdi>978-9774164040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Cairo%3A+The+logic+of+a+city+out+of+control&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-9774164040&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardoy-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardoy_18-14">o</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardoySatterthwaite1989" class="citation book cs1">Hardoy, Jorge Enrique; Satterthwaite, David (1989). Squatter citizen: Life in the urban third world. London: Earthscan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85383-020-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85383-020-4"><bdi>978-1-85383-020-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Squatter+citizen%3A+Life+in+the+urban+third+world&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Earthscan&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-85383-020-4&rft.aulast=Hardoy&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Enrique&rft.au=Satterthwaite%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GHB-19"><a href="#cite_ref-GHB_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36092920">"In pictures: The squatters of Mozambique's Grande Hotel"</a>. BBC News. 21 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003030419/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36092920">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+The+squatters+of+Mozambique%27s+Grande+Hotel&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-36092920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Komboni-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Komboni_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2016" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Garth (2016). Urban Environments in Africa: A Critical Analysis of Environmental Politics. Policy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-2292-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4473-2292-4"><bdi>978-1-4473-2292-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Environments+in+Africa%3A+A+Critical+Analysis+of+Environmental+Politics&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4473-2292-4&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Garth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Growth-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Growth_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Georgina (24 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/oct/24/population-growth-zambia-slums">"Population growth in Zambia: A view from the slums"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024331/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/oct/24/population-growth-zambia-slums">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Population+growth+in+Zambia%3A+A+view+from+the+slums&rft.date=2011-10-24&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2011%2Foct%2F24%2Fpopulation-growth-zambia-slums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pop2100-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Pop2100_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2011" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Simon (6 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/06/world-population-country-un">"World population by country: UN guesses the shape of the world by 2100"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015934/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/06/world-population-country-un">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World+population+by+country%3A+UN+guesses+the+shape+of+the+world+by+2100&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2Fdatablog%2F2011%2Fmay%2F06%2Fworld-population-country-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESD-23"><a href="#cite_ref-ESD_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfaroJones2018" class="citation journal cs1">Alfaro, Jose F.; Jones, Brieland (2018). 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Energy for Sustainable Development. 47: 124–132. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ESusD..47..124A">2018ESusD..47..124A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.esd.2018.09.004">10.1016/j.esd.2018.09.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158551971">158551971</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Social+and+environmental+impacts+of+charcoal+production+in+Liberia%3A+Evidence+from+the+field&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=124-132&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158551971%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.esd.2018.09.004&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018ESusD..47..124A&rft.aulast=Alfaro&rft.aufirst=Jose+F.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Brieland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HABITAT-Lib-24"><a href="#cite_ref-HABITAT-Lib_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTipple2014" class="citation book cs1">Tipple, Graham (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iut.nu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Liberian-Housing-Profile.pdf">Liberia: Housing profile</a> (PDF). Nairobi, Kenya: UN-Habitat. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-132626-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-132626-0"><bdi>978-92-1-132626-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213057/http://www.iut.nu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Liberian-Housing-Profile.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.micat.gov.lr/press.php?news_id=24">the original</a> on 2007-05-03. Retrieved 17 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Sirleaf+Directs+Justice+Minister+to+Evict+Squatters+from+Ducor&rft.date=2007-05-03&rft.au=Minister+of+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.micat.gov.lr%2Fpress.php%3Fnews_id%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burkinabes-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Burkinabes_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2020" class="citation news cs1">Carter, J. Burgess (28 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/more-than-9k-burkinabes-illegally-occupying-land-in-grand-gedeh/">"More than 9,000 Burkinabes Illegally Squatting in Grand Gedeh"</a>. Daily Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213057/https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/more-than-9k-burkinabes-illegally-occupying-land-in-grand-gedeh/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. 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Front Page Africa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210951/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/government-of-liberia-launches-processes-leading-to-digitization-and-systematic-land-titling/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021. 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American Society of International Law: 85–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2203016">10.2307/2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2203016">2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145514740">145514740</a>. <q>The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Prolonged+Military+Occupation%3A+The+Israeli-Occupied+Territories+Since+1967&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85-86&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145514740%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2203016%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2203016&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPertile2005" class="citation book cs1">Pertile, Marco (2005). 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January 10, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043636/http://news.in.gr/greece/article/?aid=1231229922">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2013. 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Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Workshop&rft.atitle=Political+commemoration+and+housing+protest+in+Ireland%3A+A+lesson+from+the+1960s&rft.date=2019-05-14&rft.aulast=McEneaney&rft.aufirst=Sinead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyworkshop.org.uk%2Fpolitical-commemoration-and-housing-protest-in-ireland-a-lesson-from-the-1960s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray307-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray307_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2016" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Thomas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yx-nDAAAQBAJ">Contesting Economic and Social Rights in Ireland: Constitution, State and Society, 1848–2016</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15535-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-15535-0"><bdi>978-1-107-15535-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612223400/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yx-nDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2023-03-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contesting+Economic+and+Social+Rights+in+Ireland%3A+Constitution%2C+State+and+Society%2C+1848%E2%80%932016&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-15535-0&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYx-nDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UO-94"><a href="#cite_ref-UO_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnellan2019" class="citation news cs1">Donnellan, Grace (21 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universityobserver.ie/precarious-living-squatters-rights-in-ireland/">"Precarious Living: Squatters' rights in Ireland"</a>. University Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428120642/https://universityobserver.ie/precarious-living-squatters-rights-in-ireland/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University+Observer&rft.atitle=Precarious+Living%3A+Squatters%27+rights+in+Ireland&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft.aulast=Donnellan&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversityobserver.ie%2Fprecarious-living-squatters-rights-in-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Griffin" class="citation news cs1">Dan Griffin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/squatter-supporters-hurt-in-grangegorman-stand-off-1.2150573">"Squatter Supporters hurt in Grangegorman stand off"</a>. Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706053002/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/squatter-supporters-hurt-in-grangegorman-stand-off-1.2150573">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Squatter+Supporters+hurt+in+Grangegorman+stand+off&rft.au=Dan+Griffin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fsquatter-supporters-hurt-in-grangegorman-stand-off-1.2150573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShortHistoryDublin-96"><a href="#cite_ref-ShortHistoryDublin_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott" class="citation news cs1">McDermott, Fiachradh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/squatting-dublin-3771031-Dec2017/">"The short history of squatting in Dublin: Rejecting consumerism and being 'a bit punk'"</a>. The Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180430160712/http://www.thejournal.ie/squatting-dublin-3771031-Dec2017/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal&rft.atitle=The+short+history+of+squatting+in+Dublin%3A+Rejecting+consumerism+and+being+%27a+bit+punk%27&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Fiachradh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fsquatting-dublin-3771031-Dec2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer2010" class="citation news cs1">Pfeiffer, Alice (January 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/travel/31headsup.html">"Artists' Squats in Paris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729180852/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/travel/31headsup.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Artists%27+Squats+in+Paris&rft.date=2010-01-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F31%2Ftravel%2F31headsup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GdC-98"><a href="#cite_ref-GdC_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoutra2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Soutra, Hugo (1 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lagazettedescommunes.com/427131/zones-a-defendre-les-amenageurs-face-a-une-nouvelle-contrainte/">"Zones à Défendre : les aménageurs face à une nouvelle contrainte"</a>. La Gazette des Communes (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327123031/https://www.lagazettedescommunes.com/427131/zones-a-defendre-les-amenageurs-face-a-une-nouvelle-contrainte/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Gazette+des+Communes&rft.atitle=Zones+%C3%A0+D%C3%A9fendre+%3A+les+am%C3%A9nageurs+face+%C3%A0+une+nouvelle+contrainte&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.aulast=Soutra&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagazettedescommunes.com%2F427131%2Fzones-a-defendre-les-amenageurs-face-a-une-nouvelle-contrainte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwissinfo2007" class="citation news cs1">Swissinfo (2007-07-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/geneva-s-historic-rhino-squat-evicted/6020430">"Geneva's historic Rhino squat evicted"</a>. 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Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swissinfo&rft.atitle=Geneva%27s+historic+Rhino+squat+evicted&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.au=Swissinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fgeneva-s-historic-rhino-squat-evicted%2F6020430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sieben-100"><a href="#cite_ref-sieben_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeusi2013" class="citation news cs1">Feusi, Alois (31 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/kanton-zuerich-wird-strafanzeige-einreichen-1.18090674">"Die Binz-Besetzer sind abgezogen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085104/http://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/kanton-zuerich-wird-strafanzeige-einreichen-1.18090674">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Die+Binz-Besetzer+sind+abgezogen&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft.aulast=Feusi&rft.aufirst=Alois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fzuerich%2Fkanton-zuerich-wird-strafanzeige-einreichen-1.18090674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Mayer M. 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Retrieved 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel&rft.atitle=Last+Stand+for+the+Far-Left%3A+Berlin+Commune+Fights+the+Property+Developers&rft.date=2007-12-21&rft.aulast=Rosenbach&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.au=Berg%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Flast-stand-for-the-far-left-berlin-commune-fights-the-property-developers-a-525017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RF-103"><a href="#cite_ref-RF_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.de/20170711/what-you-should-know-about-hamburgs-historic-left-wing-squat-the-rote-flora-g20">"The Rote Flora: the iconic Hamburg squat right-wingers call a danger to the nation"</a>. The Local. DPA. 11 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212031313/https://www.thelocal.de/20170711/what-you-should-know-about-hamburgs-historic-left-wing-squat-the-rote-flora-g20">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=The+Rote+Flora%3A+the+iconic+Hamburg+squat+right-wingers+call+a+danger+to+the+nation&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.de%2F20170711%2Fwhat-you-should-know-about-hamburgs-historic-left-wing-squat-the-rote-flora-g20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hafenstraße-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Hafenstraße_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/schauplaetze/Hamburger-Hafenstrasse--Kampf-um-besetzte-Haeuser,hafenstrasse155.html">"1995: Häuser der Hafenstraße gehen an ihre Bewohner"</a>. www.ndr.de (in German). 14 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101061528/https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/schauplaetze/Hamburger-Hafenstrasse--Kampf-um-besetzte-Haeuser,hafenstrasse155.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.ndr.de&rft.atitle=1995%3A+H%C3%A4user+der+Hafenstra%C3%9Fe+gehen+an+ihre+Bewohner&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndr.de%2Fgeschichte%2Fschauplaetze%2FHamburger-Hafenstrasse--Kampf-um-besetzte-Haeuser%2Chafenstrasse155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiefernstraße-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Kiefernstraße_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rp-online.de/panorama/wissen/die-hausbesetzer-von-der-kiefernstrasse_aid-14716159">"Düsseldorf: Die Hausbesetzer von der Kiefernstraße"</a>. RP Online (in German). 27 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201213165900/https://rp-online.de/panorama/wissen/die-hausbesetzer-von-der-kiefernstrasse_aid-14716159">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RP+Online&rft.atitle=D%C3%BCsseldorf%3A+Die+Hausbesetzer+von+der+Kiefernstra%C3%9Fe&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frp-online.de%2Fpanorama%2Fwissen%2Fdie-hausbesetzer-von-der-kiefernstrasse_aid-14716159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribunemag.co.uk/2022/07/germany-mietshauser-syndikat-property-housing">"Germany's Collective Alternative to the Private Housing Swindle"</a>. tribunemag.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220909133157/https://tribunemag.co.uk/2022/07/germany-mietshauser-syndikat-property-housing">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-09. Retrieved 2022-09-09. <q>The idea of the syndicate was born among those who occupied an abandoned machine production factory in Freiburg im Breisgau, another university town near the French border, in the 1980s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tribunemag.co.uk&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Collective+Alternative+to+the+Private+Housing+Swindle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribunemag.co.uk%2F2022%2F07%2Fgermany-mietshauser-syndikat-property-housing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syndikat.org/en/the-joint-venture/">"The Joint Venture – Mietshäuser Syndikat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908112859/https://www.syndikat.org/en/the-joint-venture/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-08. Retrieved 2022-09-09. <q>... all the house projects have a similar point of departure: ... the occupants of an object slated for demolition, who search for a perspective in spite of the emotional roller-coaster ride of eviction threats and negotiations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Joint+Venture+%E2%80%93+Mietsh%C3%A4user+Syndikat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syndikat.org%2Fen%2Fthe-joint-venture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geschichte-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmantine2012" class="citation book cs1">Amantine (2012). "Die Häuser denen, die drin wohnen!" Kleine Geschichte der Häuserkämpfe in Deutschland. 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Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Clash+in+German+forest+as+red+line+is+crossed+%7C+DW+%7C+1+December+2016&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Br%C3%A4ndlin&rft.aufirst=Anne-Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fclash-in-german-forest-as-red-line-is-crossed%2Fa-36606405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Warnecke, Jakob. "Failed takeover: The phenomenon of right-wing squatting." 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Reykjavík Grapevine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413000455/https://grapevine.is/news/2009/04/15/news-squatters-violently-removed-from-vatnsstigur-squat/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019. 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Retrieved 13 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reykjav%C3%ADk+Grapevine&rft.atitle=Refilling+101&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft.aulast=Beckett&rft.aufirst=RX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrapevine.is%2Fmag%2Farticles%2F2009%2F11%2F17%2Farticle-refilling-101%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin2014" class="citation news cs1">Benjamin, Gabríel (3 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grapevine.is/news/2014/11/03/the-new-political-squat-in-town/">"The New Political Squat In Town"</a>. Reykjavík Grapevine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413002045/https://grapevine.is/news/2014/11/03/the-new-political-squat-in-town/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reykjav%C3%ADk+Grapevine&rft.atitle=The+New+Political+Squat+In+Town&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=Gabr%C3%ADel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrapevine.is%2Fnews%2F2014%2F11%2F03%2Fthe-new-political-squat-in-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiuseppe_Portonera" class="citation news cs1">Giuseppe Portonera. International Property Rights Alliance (ed.). 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The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601061144/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/10865311/Squat-demolition-called-off-after-four-nights-of-rioting-in-Barcelona.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Squat+demolition+called+off+after+four+nights+of+rioting+in+Barcelona&rft.date=2014-05-30&rft.aulast=Govan&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fspain%2F10865311%2FSquat-demolition-called-off-after-four-nights-of-rioting-in-Barcelona.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SiS-127"><a href="#cite_ref-SiS_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinez2013" class="citation book cs1">Martinez, Miguel (2013). "The Squatters' Movement in Spain". In Squatting Europe Kollective (ed.). Squatting in Europe : radical spaces, urban struggles. Wivenhoe [UK]: Minor Compositions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57027-257-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57027-257-8"><bdi>978-1-57027-257-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Squatters%27+Movement+in+Spain&rft.btitle=Squatting+in+Europe+%3A+radical+spaces%2C+urban+struggles&rft.place=Wivenhoe+%5BUK%5D&rft.pub=Minor+Compositions&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-57027-257-8&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eskalera-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Eskalera_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanzTejero2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sanz, Segundo; Tejero, Raquel (7 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://okdiario.com/espana/centro-okupas-feministas-financiado-ediles-carmena-esta-detras-huelga-del-8m-3789534">"Huelga 8 de marzo: Un centro de 'okupas' feministas financiado por ediles de Carmena está detrás de la huelga del 8M"</a>. okdiario (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923051336/https://okdiario.com/espana/centro-okupas-feministas-financiado-ediles-carmena-esta-detras-huelga-del-8m-3789534">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=okdiario&rft.atitle=Huelga+8+de+marzo%3A+Un+centro+de+%27okupas%27+feministas+financiado+por+ediles+de+Carmena+est%C3%A1+detr%C3%A1s+de+la+huelga+del+8M&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft.aulast=Sanz&rft.aufirst=Segundo&rft.au=Tejero%2C+Raquel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fokdiario.com%2Fespana%2Fcentro-okupas-feministas-financiado-ediles-carmena-esta-detras-huelga-del-8m-3789534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingob-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Ingob_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamos_AísaFranco2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ramos Aísa, Luca; Franco, Lucía (24 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/espana/madrid/2020-04-24/el-gobierno-ejecuta-el-desalojo-del-nuevo-edificio-de-la-ingobernable-vacio-durante-el-estado-de-alarma.html">"El Gobierno ejecuta el desalojo del nuevo edificio de La Ingobernable, vacío durante el estado de alarma"</a>. EL PAÍS (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200426150203/https://elpais.com/espana/madrid/2020-04-24/el-gobierno-ejecuta-el-desalojo-del-nuevo-edificio-de-la-ingobernable-vacio-durante-el-estado-de-alarma.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. <q>La Ingobernable es un proyecto que va más allá de un espacio</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EL+PA%C3%8DS&rft.atitle=El+Gobierno+ejecuta+el+desalojo+del+nuevo+edificio+de+La+Ingobernable%2C+vac%C3%ADo+durante+el+estado+de+alarma&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft.aulast=Ramos+A%C3%ADsa&rft.aufirst=Luca&rft.au=Franco%2C+Luc%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fespana%2Fmadrid%2F2020-04-24%2Fel-gobierno-ejecuta-el-desalojo-del-nuevo-edificio-de-la-ingobernable-vacio-durante-el-estado-de-alarma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kukutza-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Kukutza_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ansionnachfionn.com/2011/09/26/the-basque-country-and-a-peace-process-that-spain-is-ignoring/">"The Basque Country And A Peace Process That Spain Is Ignoring"</a>. AN SIONNACH FIONN. Ireland. 2020-10-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403220213/https://ansionnachfionn.com/2011/09/26/the-basque-country-and-a-peace-process-that-spain-is-ignoring/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AN+SIONNACH+FIONN&rft.atitle=The+Basque+Country+And+A+Peace+Process+That+Spain+Is+Ignoring&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fansionnachfionn.com%2F2011%2F09%2F26%2Fthe-basque-country-and-a-peace-process-that-spain-is-ignoring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimethinc.com/blog/2014/05/13/squatting-in-england-heritage-prospects/">"Squatting in England: Heritage & Prospects"</a>. Crimethinc. 13 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920030441/http://www.crimethinc.com/blog/2014/05/13/squatting-in-england-heritage-prospects/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crimethinc&rft.atitle=Squatting+in+England%3A+Heritage+%26+Prospects&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crimethinc.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F05%2F13%2Fsquatting-in-england-heritage-prospects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC1-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC1_132-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14030336">Squatters: Who are they and why do they squat?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513071232/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-14030336">Archived</a> 2019-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIssimdar2019" class="citation news cs1">Issimdar, Mariam (2019-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-49607777">"When hippy squatters took over 144 Piccadilly"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321002823/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-49607777">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-04-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=When+hippy+squatters+took+over+144+Piccadilly&rft.date=2019-10-05&rft.aulast=Issimdar&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-49607777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kearns-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Kearns_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearns1979" class="citation journal cs1">Kearns, K (1979). "Intraurban Squatting in London". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 69 (4): 589–598. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.1979.tb01284.x">10.1111/j.1467-8306.1979.tb01284.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=Intraurban+Squatting+in+London&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=589-598&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.1979.tb01284.x&rft.aulast=Kearns&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-squattingillegal-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-squattingillegal_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-squattingillegal_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-19429936">"Squatting set to become a criminal offence"</a>. BBC News. 31 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190920135547/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-19429936">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Squatting+set+to+become+a+criminal+offence&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-19429936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/legislation/bills-acts/circulars/squatting-circular.pdf">"Ministry of Justice Circular No. 2012/04 – Offence of Squatting In a Residential Building"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116092751/http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/legislation/bills-acts/circulars/squatting-circular.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-01-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Justice+Circular+No.+2012%2F04+%E2%80%93+Offence+of+Squatting+In+a+Residential+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2Flegislation%2Fbills-acts%2Fcirculars%2Fsquatting-circular.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-19753414">"First person jailed for squatting"</a>. BBC News. 2012-09-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105165207/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-19753414">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-11-05. Retrieved 2018-11-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=First+person+jailed+for+squatting&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-19753414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayes-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Hayes_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilkinHayes2018" class="citation web cs1">Silkin, Lewis; Hayes, Paul (19 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=571d6e98-0154-4462-9deb-f20f2cb8f56d">"Trespassers will be prosecuted.....or will they?"</a>. www.lexology.com. Law Business Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002233/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=571d6e98-0154-4462-9deb-f20f2cb8f56d">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2020-11-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lexology.com&rft.atitle=Trespassers+will+be+prosecuted.....or+will+they%3F&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft.aulast=Silkin&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexology.com%2Flibrary%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fg%3D571d6e98-0154-4462-9deb-f20f2cb8f56d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sense-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sense_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sense_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sense_139-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKittrickMcVea2000" class="citation book cs1">McKittrick, David; McVea, David (2000). Making Sense of the Troubles (Third, 2012 ed.). Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-96265-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-96265-7"><bdi>978-0-241-96265-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Troubles&rft.edition=Third%2C+2012&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-241-96265-7&rft.aulast=McKittrick&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=McVea%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2015" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Liam (21 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/lord-kilclooney-im-impressed-by-martin-mcguinnness-development-34302140.html">"Lord Kilclooney: 'I'm impressed by Martin McGuinnness' development'"</a>. Belfast Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607111031/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/lord-kilclooney-im-impressed-by-martin-mcguinnness-development-34302140.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lord+Kilclooney%3A+%27I%27m+impressed+by+Martin+McGuinnness%27+development%27&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Flord-kilclooney-im-impressed-by-martin-mcguinnness-development-34302140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2012" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Henry (2012-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/16/belfast-occupy-bank-of-ireland">"Occupy protesters take over former bank in Belfast"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602074937/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/16/belfast-occupy-bank-of-ireland">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-02. Retrieved 2015-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Occupy+protesters+take+over+former+bank+in+Belfast&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2012%2Fjan%2F16%2Fbelfast-occupy-bank-of-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nowicki-home-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nowicki-home_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nowicki-home_142-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowicki2020" class="citation journal cs1">Nowicki, Mel (20 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2399654420964835">"Is anyone home? Appropriating and re-narrativisating the post-criminalisation squatting scene in England and Wales"</a>. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 39 (4): 15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2399654420964835">10.1177/2399654420964835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Planning+C%3A+Politics+and+Space&rft.atitle=Is+anyone+home%3F+Appropriating+and+re-narrativisating+the+post-criminalisation+squatting+scene+in+England+and+Wales&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2399654420964835&rft.aulast=Nowicki&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2399654420964835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scotland.shelter.org.uk/getadvice/advice_topics/finding_a_place_to_live/squatting">"Squatting"</a>. 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McClatchy DC Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201228013948/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article215489355.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amid+unrest%2C+Nicaragua%27s+ruling+party+organizes+a+series+of+land+grabs&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Farticle215489355.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1986" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Marjorie (5 April 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-05-mn-21581-story.html">"'A Catastrophe That Has to Be Stopped' : Well-Organized Squatters Turn Sandinista Ideology to Own Uses in Managua"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209012343/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-04-05-mn-21581-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27A+Catastrophe+That+Has+to+Be+Stopped%27+%3A+Well-Organized+Squatters+Turn+Sandinista+Ideology+to+Own+Uses+in+Managua&rft.date=1986-04-05&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-04-05-mn-21581-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-COHA-179"><a href="#cite_ref-COHA_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhalen" class="citation news cs1">Whalen, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coha.org/some-young-towns-in-lima-not-so-young-anymore/">"Some "Young Towns" in Lima Not So Young Anymore"</a>. COHA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003030411/https://www.coha.org/some-young-towns-in-lima-not-so-young-anymore/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=COHA&rft.atitle=Some+%22Young+Towns%22+in+Lima+Not+So+Young+Anymore&rft.aulast=Whalen&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coha.org%2Fsome-young-towns-in-lima-not-so-young-anymore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tobar-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Tobar_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobar2013" class="citation news cs1">Tobar, Hector (22 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-cesar-aira-20131124-story.html">"In 'Shantytown,' César Aira gives shape to the invisible"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003030416/https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-cesar-aira-20131124-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=In+%27Shantytown%2C%27+C%C3%A9sar+Aira+gives+shape+to+the+invisible&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Tobar&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-ca-jc-cesar-aira-20131124-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rivadulla-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Rivadulla_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁlvarez-Rivadulla2018" class="citation book cs1">Álvarez-Rivadulla, María José (2018). Squatters and the Politics of Marginality in Uruguay. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-85415-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-85415-1"><bdi>978-3-319-85415-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Squatters+and+the+Politics+of+Marginality+in+Uruguay&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-319-85415-1&rft.aulast=%C3%81lvarez-Rivadulla&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Untitled-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Untitled_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanjouwLevy2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lanjouw, Jean O.; Levy, Philip I. (1 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/28439/files/dp980788.pdf">"Untitled: A Study of Formal and Informal Property Rights in Urban Ecuador"</a> (PDF). The Economic Journal. 112 (482): 986–1019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0297.00067">10.1111/1468-0297.00067</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1171449">1171449</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205114634/https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/nanna/record/28439/files/dp980788.pdf?withWatermark=0&withMetadata=0&version=1&registerDownload=1">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Untitled%3A+A+Study+of+Formal+and+Informal+Property+Rights+in+Urban+Ecuador&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=482&rft.pages=986-1019&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0297.00067&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1171449%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lanjouw&rft.aufirst=Jean+O.&rft.au=Levy%2C+Philip+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fageconsearch.umn.edu%2Frecord%2F28439%2Ffiles%2Fdp980788.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Navarro-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Navarro_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2010" class="citation book cs1">Navarro, Ignacio A. (2010). The legacy effect of squatter settlements on urban redevelopment. 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Journal of Environmental Management. 90 (2): 1145–1153. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JEnvM..90.1145E">2009JEnvM..90.1145E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2008.05.003">10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18614273">18614273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+effectiveness+of+market-based+conservation+in+the+tropics%3A+Forest+certification+in+Ecuador+and+Bolivia&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1145-1153&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18614273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2008.05.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009JEnvM..90.1145E&rft.aulast=Ebeling&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.au=Yasu%C3%A9%2C+Ma%C3%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clash-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Clash_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-33986673">"Bolivia policeman killed in clash at Tacacoma gold mine"</a>. BBC News. 19 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428124952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-33986673">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bolivia+policeman+killed+in+clash+at+Tacacoma+gold+mine&rft.date=2015-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-33986673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-Rio-187"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-Rio_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-27635554">"Favela life: Rio's city within a city"</a>. BBC News. 9 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102085056/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-27635554">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Favela+life%3A+Rio%27s+city+within+a+city&rft.date=2014-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-27635554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-neuwirth-188"><a href="#cite_ref-neuwirth_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuwirth2004" class="citation cs2">Neuwirth, R. 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The Commons Social Change Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221110072024/https://commonslibrary.org/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-10. Retrieved 2022-11-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Commons+Social+Change+Library&rft.atitle=The+Aboriginal+Tent+Embassy&rft.date=2019-03-29&rft.au=2SER-FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.org%2Fthe-aboriginal-tent-embassy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry-207"><a href="#cite_ref-Berry_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2016" class="citation journal cs1">Berry, Vanessa (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transformationsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Berry_Transformations28.pdf">"The Excess and Potential of the Movie Theatre Ruin: The Midnight Star"</a> (PDF). Transformations (28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421143026/http://www.transformationsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Berry_Transformations28.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transformations&rft.atitle=The+Excess+and+Potential+of+the+Movie+Theatre+Ruin%3A+The+Midnight+Star&rft.issue=28&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transformationsjournal.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F12%2FBerry_Transformations28.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Squatting" class="extiw" title="commons:Squatting">Squatting</a>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Bailey, R. (1973) The Squatters Penguin: UK <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140523006" title="Special:BookSources/0140523006">0140523006</a></li> <li>Bloomfield, F. A. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351310180_Ethnography_of_the_uses_practices_and_socio-spatial_interaction_in_okupa_squatted_spaces">Ethnography of the uses, practices, and socio-spatial interaction in okupa (squatted) spaces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121620/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351310180_Ethnography_of_the_uses_practices_and_socio-spatial_interaction_in_okupa_squatted_spaces">Archived</a> 2021-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Urbs: Revista de Estudios Urbanos y Ciencias Sociales, 11(1), 81–93.</li> <li>Corr, A. (1999) No Trespassing! Squatting, Rent Strikes and Land Struggles Worldwide <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89608-595-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89608-595-3">0-89608-595-3</a></li> <li>ADILKNO (1994) Cracking The Movement – Amsterdam squatter history and the movement's relation to the media. Also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thing.desk.nl/bilwet/Cracking/contents.html">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403090039/http://thing.desk.nl/bilwet/Cracking/contents.html">Archived</a> 2005-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Cracking The System (2008) – A zine about squats and social centres in Europe inspired by the april2008 initiative. Also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315133319/http://zinelibrary.info/cracking-the-system">online</a>.</li> <li>Curtis, H. & Sanderson, M. (2004) The Unsung Sixties Whiting & Birch <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861770448" title="Special:BookSources/1861770448">1861770448</a></li> <li>Dobbz, H. (2013) Nine-Tenths of the Law: Property and Resistance in the United States AK Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184935118-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-184935118-8">978-184935118-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadir2016" class="citation book cs1">Kadir, Nazima (2016). The Autonomous Life?: Paradoxes of Hierarchy and Authority in the Squatters Movement in Amsterdam (Reprint ed.). Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78499-411-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78499-411-2"><bdi>978-1-78499-411-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autonomous+Life%3F%3A+Paradoxes+of+Hierarchy+and+Authority+in+the+Squatters+Movement+in+Amsterdam&rft.place=Manchester&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78499-411-2&rft.aulast=Kadir&rft.aufirst=Nazima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Katsiaficas, G. (1999) The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements and the Decolonization of Everyday Life Humanity Books <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57392-441-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57392-441-5">1-57392-441-5</a> Also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eroseffect.com/books/subversion_download.htm">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930054115/http://www.eroseffect.com/books/subversion_download.htm">Archived</a> 2018-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Owens, L. (2009) Cracking the Movement: Narrating the Decline of the Amsterdam Squatters' Movement <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0271034638" title="Special:BookSources/978-0271034638">978-0271034638</a></li> <li>Schmid, L. (2014) Häuserkampf im Berlin der 1980er Jahre: Squatting in Berlin in the 1980s <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3863681098" title="Special:BookSources/978-3863681098">978-3863681098</a></li> <li>Squatting Europe Kollective (2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/852808016">Squatting in Europe : radical spaces, urban struggles</a>. Squatting Europe Kollective. Wivenhoe [UK]: Minor Compositions. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57027-257-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57027-257-8"><bdi>978-1-57027-257-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/852808016">852808016</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201213165903/https://www.worldcat.org/title/squatting-in-europe-radical-spaces-urban-struggles/oclc/852808016">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Squatting+in+Europe+%3A+radical+spaces%2C+urban+struggles&rft.place=Wivenhoe+%5BUK%5D&rft.pub=Minor+Compositions&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F852808016&rft.isbn=978-1-57027-257-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F852808016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</li> <li>Squatting Everywhere Kollective (2018) Fighting for spaces, Fighting for our lives: Squatting movements today <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-942885-90-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-942885-90-4">978-3-942885-90-4</a></li> <li>Tobocman, S. (reissued 2016) War in the Neighborhood New York: Autonomedia – a graphic novel about squatting on New York City's <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> in the 1980s</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarious2011" class="citation journal cs1">Various (20 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111220003336/http://www.metamute.org/Naked-Cities-Struggle-in-the-Global-Slums">"Naked Cities – Struggle in the Global Slums"</a>. Mute Magazine. 2 (3). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metamute.org/Naked-Cities-Struggle-in-the-Global-Slums">the original</a> on 2011-12-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mute+Magazine&rft.atitle=Naked+Cities+%E2%80%93+Struggle+in+the+Global+Slums&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.au=Various&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metamute.org%2FNaked-Cities-Struggle-in-the-Global-Slums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasudevan2017" class="citation book cs1">Vasudevan, A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_qmDAAAQBAJ">The Autonomous City: A History of Urban Squatting</a>. Verso Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-787-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78168-787-1"><bdi>978-1-78168-787-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820032913/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_qmDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-20. Retrieved 2019-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autonomous+City%3A+A+History+of+Urban+Squatting&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78168-787-1&rft.aulast=Vasudevan&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY_qmDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquatting" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Waterhouse, R. (2005) The Vision Splendid: A Social and Cultural History of Rural Australia, Fremantle, Curtain University Books</li> <li>Wittger, B. (2017) Squatting in Rio de Janeiro : constructing citizenship and gender from below Transcript-Verlag <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3837635478" title="Special:BookSources/978-3837635478">978-3837635478</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Squatting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Squatting" title="Template:Squatting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Squatting" title="Template talk:Squatting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Squatting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Squatting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Squatting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Algeria" title="Squatting in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Angola" title="Squatting in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Squatting in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Argentina" title="Squatting in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Australia" title="Squatting in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Bahamas" title="Squatting in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Bangladesh" title="Squatting in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Bhutan" title="Squatting in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Brazil" title="Squatting in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Cambodia" title="Squatting in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Chile" title="Squatting in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Costa_Rica" title="Squatting in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Croatia" title="Squatting in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Squatting in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_England_and_Wales" title="Squatting in England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Estonia" title="Squatting in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Fiji" title="Squatting in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ghana" title="Squatting in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_refugee_squats" title="Athens refugee squats">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Guyana" title="Squatting in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Haiti" title="Squatting in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Honduras" title="Squatting in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_housing_in_India" title="Illegal housing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Iran" title="Squatting in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Iraq" title="Squatting in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ireland" title="Squatting in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_centres_in_Italy" title="Self-managed social centres in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Kazakhstan" title="Squatting in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Kenya" title="Squatting in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Squatting in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Liberia" title="Squatting in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Malaysia" title="Squatting in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Mexico" title="Squatting in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Myanmar" title="Squatting in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Namibia" title="Squatting in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Nepal" title="Squatting in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Netherlands" title="Squatting in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Nigeria" title="Squatting in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Norway" title="Squatting in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Pakistan" title="Squatting in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Peru" title="Squatting in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_Philippines" title="Squatting in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Scotland" title="Squatting in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Serbia" title="Squatting in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_South_Korea" title="Squatting in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Slovenia" title="Squatting in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Squatting in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Spain" title="Squatting in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Squatting in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Sudan" title="Squatting in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Suriname" title="Squatting in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Syria" title="Squatting in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Taiwan" title="Squatting in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Thailand" title="Squatting in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Tunisia" title="Squatting in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Uganda" title="Squatting in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Ukraine" title="Squatting in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Crimea" title="Squatting in Crimea">Crimea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_the_United_States" title="Squatting in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Uruguay" title="Squatting in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Vanuatu" title="Squatting in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Venezuela" title="Squatting in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_outpost" title="Israeli outpost">West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komboni" title="Komboni">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Zimbabwe" title="Squatting in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahlali_baseMjondolo" title="Abahlali baseMjondolo">Abahlali baseMjondolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Service_for_Squatters" title="Advisory Service for Squatters">Advisory Service for Squatters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Community_Organizations_for_Reform_Now" title="Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now">Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodusnie_Collective" title="Eurodusnie Collective">Eurodusnie Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_Collective" title="Exodus Collective">Exodus Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Workers%27_Movement" title="Homeless Workers' Movement">Homeless Workers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_Not_Jails" title="Homes Not Jails">Homes Not Jails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Not_Crisis" title="Justice Not Crisis">Justice Not Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landless_Workers%27_Movement" title="Landless Workers' Movement">Landless Workers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Housers" title="Mad Housers">Mad Housers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_the_Homeless" title="National Union of the Homeless">National Union of the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Homes" title="Occupy Homes">Occupy Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Coalition_Against_Poverty" title="Ontario Coalition Against Poverty">Ontario Coalition Against Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_the_Homeless" title="Picture the Homeless">Picture the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plataforma_de_Afectados_por_la_Hipoteca" title="Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca">Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_The_City" title="Reclaim The City">Reclaim The City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Housing_League" title="Revolutionary Housing League">Revolutionary Housing League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatters%27_Action_for_Secure_Homes" title="Squatters' Action for Secure Homes">Squatters' Action for Secure Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Back_the_Land" title="Take Back the Land">Take Back the Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_City_is_For_All" title="The City is For All">The City is For All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_is_Ours" title="The Land is Ours">The Land is Ours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Here_(collective)" title="We Are Here (collective)">We Are Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Anti-Eviction_Campaign" title="Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign">Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_to_Defend" title="Zone to Defend">Zone to Defend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Squatter%27s_Tale" title="A Squatter's Tale">A Squatter's Tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciutat_Morta" title="Ciutat Morta">Ciutat Morta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Days_(film)" title="Dark Days (film)">Dark Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Mandela" title="Dear Mandela">Dear Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Exit" title="Emergency Exit">Emergency Exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_Dreams" title="Garbage Dreams">Garbage Dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatter%27s_Delight" title="Squatter's Delight">In Krakende Welstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_City:_Lower_East_Side_Squatters_1992%E2%80%932000" title="Kill City: Lower East Side Squatters 1992–2000">Kill City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefties" title="Lefties">Lefties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(play)" title="Magnificence (play)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_in_Milan" title="Miracle in Milan">Miracle in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Lodgers" title="Night Lodgers">Night Lodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Land!_No_House!_No_Vote!_(book)" title="No Land! No House! No Vote! (book)">No Land! No House! No Vote!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cities_(book)" title="Shadow Cities (book)">Shadow Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatter%27s_Rights" title="Squatter's Rights">Squatter's Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_the_real_story" title="Squatting the real story">Squatting the real story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburbia_(film)" title="Suburbia (film)">Suburbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Squatter" title="The Cambridge Squatter">The Cambridge Squatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Terrorist" title="The Good Terrorist">The Good Terrorist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harvest_Gypsies" title="The Harvest Gypsies">The Harvest Gypsies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legacy_of_Luna" title="The Legacy of Luna">The Legacy of Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silverado_Squatters" title="The Silverado Squatters">The Silverado Squatters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Strategy_of_the_Snail" title="The Strategy of the Snail">The Strategy of the Snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Up,_Two_Down" title="Two Up, Two Down">Two Up, Two Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We,_the_Invisible" title="We, the Invisible">We, the Invisible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asentamiento" title="Asentamiento">Asentamiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campamento_(Chile)" title="Campamento (Chile)">Campamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantegril" title="Cantegril">Cantegril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonia_(United_States)" title="Colonia (United States)">Colonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favela" title="Favela">Favela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gecekondu" title="Gecekondu">Gecekondu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">Occupation (protest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_dwellers" title="Pavement dwellers">Pavement dwellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblos_j%C3%B3venes" title="Pueblos jóvenes">Pueblos jóvenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftop_slum" title="Rooftop slum">Rooftop slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">Shanty town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">Slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatters_union" title="Squatters union">Squatters union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">Tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_sitting" title="Tree sitting">Tree sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_miseria" title="Villa miseria">Villa miseria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Squatting" title="Category:Squatting">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarchism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism" title="Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism" title="Template talk:Anarchism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li>Squatting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Property" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_navbox" title="Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_navbox" title="Template talk:Property navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Property" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By owner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">Communal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estate (landed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_property" title="Intangible property">Intangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangible_property" title="Tangible property">Tangible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_commons_(economics)" title="Digital commons (economics)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commons" title="Information commons">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">Bundle of rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_commodities" title="Fictitious commodities">fictitious commodities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excludability" title="Excludability">Excludability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_possession_theory_of_property" title="First possession theory of property">First possession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead principle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-rider_problem" title="Free-rider problem">Free-rider problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_property_rights" title="Women's property rights">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)" title="Rivalry (economics)">Rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">anticommons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">Acequia (watercourse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido">Ejido (agrarian land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Forest types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scheduled_Tribes_and_Other_Traditional_Forest_Dwellers_(Recognition_of_Forest_Rights)_Act,_2006" title="The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006">Forest-dwelling (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_rights" title="Grazing rights">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannage" title="Pannage">pannage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law#Land_rights" title="Land law">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_rights" title="Littoral rights">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergregal" title="Bergregal">Bergregal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">Right of way (transit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (property access)">Right of way (property access)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior-appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accumulation_by_dispossession" title="Accumulation by dispossession">Disposession</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory taking">Regulatory taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>spousal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband-selling">husband-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">Theft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars (key work)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Law_(Bastiat_book)" title="The Law (Bastiat book)">The Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Garrett Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(essay)" title="The Gift (essay)">The Gift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book)" title="The Great Transformation (book)">The Great Transformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">What Is Property?</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray N. Rothbard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Property" title="Category:Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law" title="Category:Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Property_law_by_country" title="Category:Property law by country">by country</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Homelessness" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Homelessness" title="Template:Homelessness"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Homelessness" title="Template talk:Homelessness"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Homelessness" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Homelessness"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homelessness" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">Homelessness</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_and_Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness and Aging">Aged people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_cafe_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Net cafe refugee">Cyber-homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_homelessness" title="Family homelessness">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McRefugee" title="McRefugee">McRefugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people" title="Mole people">Mole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_people" title="Street people">Street people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children" title="Street children">Street children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_orphan" title="Social orphan">Social orphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagrancy (people)">Vagrants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergie" title="Bergie">Bergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramp" title="Tramp">Tramps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobo" title="Hobo">Hobos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_homelessness" title="Youth homelessness">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-homelessness_legislation" title="Anti-homelessness legislation">Anti-homelessness legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Bill_of_Rights" title="Homeless Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumvertising" title="Bumvertising">Bumvertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_the_homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against the homeless">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_and_mental_health" title="Homelessness and mental health">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_dumping" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless dumping">Patient dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality_and_homelessness" title="Spirituality and homelessness">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Vulnerability Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_ownership_among_homeless_people" title="Pet ownership among homeless people">Pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance" title="Slum clearance">Slum clearance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">Soup kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_program" title="Hygiene program">Hygiene program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_ministry" title="Homeless ministry">Homeless ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_services" title="Homelessness services">Homelessness services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_homelessness_organizations" title="List of homelessness organizations">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_newspaper" title="Street newspaper">Street newspaper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_newspapers" title="List of street newspapers">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shelters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">Homeless shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_center" title="Cooling center">Cooling center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop-in_center" title="Drop-in center">Drop-in center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_penny_coffin" title="Four penny coffin">Four penny coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_sit-up" title="Penny sit-up">Penny sit-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warming_center" title="Warming center">Warming center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_shelter" title="Women's shelter">Women's shelter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Friendly_Precincts" title="Homeless Friendly Precincts">Homeless Friendly Precincts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Housing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foyer_(housing_model)" title="Foyer (housing model)">Foyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_First" title="Housing First">Housing First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Re-Housing" title="Rapid Re-Housing">Rapid Re-Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">Right to housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a> (SRO)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">Tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_housing" title="Transitional housing">Transitional housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awareness</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_Action_Week" title="Homelessness Action Week">Homelessness Action Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Persons%27_Week" title="Homeless Persons' Week">Homeless Persons' Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_World_Cup" title="Homeless World Cup">Homeless World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Shelter_for_the_Homeless" title="International Year of Shelter for the Homeless">International Year of Shelter for the Homeless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Child_World_Cup" title="Street Child World Cup">Street Child World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Homelessness_Matters_Day" title="Youth Homelessness Matters Day">Youth Homelessness Matters Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homeless_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by homeless population">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Algeria" title="Homelessness in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Ghana" title="Street children in Ghana">Ghanaian children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_South_Africa" title="Homelessness in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Vancouver" title="Homelessness in Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Latin_America" title="Street children in Latin America">Latin American children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_among_LGBTQ_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness among LGBTQ youth in the United States">LGBTQ youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_veterans_in_the_United_States" title="Homeless veterans in the United States">Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_women_in_the_United_States" title="Homeless women in the United States">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_California" title="Homelessness in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Colorado" title="Homelessness in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_services_and_homelessness_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Social services and homelessness in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Florida" title="Homelessness in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_park_encampments" title="2020 Minneapolis park encampments">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Mexico" title="Homelessness in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Oregon" title="Homelessness in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Seattle" title="Homelessness in Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Homelessness in the United States by state">Elsewhere</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Bangladesh" title="Street children in Bangladesh">Bangladeshi children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_China" title="Homelessness in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_India" title="Homelessness in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_India" title="Street children in India">children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Indonesia" title="Homelessness in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Iraq" title="Homelessness in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Israel" title="Homelessness in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Japan" title="Homelessness in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotjebi" title="Kotjebi">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_the_Philippines" title="Street children in the Philippines">Filipino children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Thailand" title="Street children in Thailand">Thai children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Street children in Eastern Europe">Eastern European children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Hungary" title="Homelessness in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Denmark" title="Homelessness in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Finland" title="Homelessness in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Ireland" title="Homelessness in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Sweden" title="Homelessness in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Greece" title="Homelessness in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Portugal" title="Homelessness in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Spain" title="Homelessness in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Vatican_City" title="Homelessness in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Germany" title="Homelessness in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_Netherlands" title="Homelessness in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Australia" title="Homelessness in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Homelessness in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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