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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_with_socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relation with socialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_with_property_and_capitalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_property_and_capitalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Relation with property and capitalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_property_and_capitalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-statist_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-statist_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Anti-statist definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-statist_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-authoritarian_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-authoritarian_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Anti-authoritarian definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-authoritarian_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a>, as broad <a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Political ideologies">political ideologies</a> with manifold historical and contemporary meanings, have contested definitions. Their adherents have a pluralistic and overlapping tradition that makes precise definition of the political ideology difficult or impossible, compounded by a lack of common features, differing priorities of subgroups, lack of academic acceptance, and contentious historical usage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Anarchism" generally refers to the anti-authoritarian (libertarian) wing of the socialist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Ⓐ_is_libsoc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ⓐ_is_libsoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Libertarian socialism" has been a synonym for "anarchism" since 1890,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn20094_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn20094-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as has the term "libertarian" through the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn20096_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn20096-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms "anarchism" and "libertarianism" represent broad political ideologies with multiple historical and contemporary meanings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19842_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19842-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevyAdams2018102_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevyAdams2018102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incompatibilities within their pluralistic tradition prove difficult or impossible to reconcile into a singular set of core beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevyAdams201856_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevyAdams201856-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The range of ideological disparities within anarchism is often paradoxical and never fully coherent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19842–3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19842–3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most anarchists are opposed to hierarchy and capitalism, but differ in how they believe that change should be made.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other complicating factors in defining "anarchism" include disagreement over its status as a political ideology and contention over the term's historical usage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchism's rejection of the state and state policy largely sits outside the purview of political scientists and in some formulations, its misconstruction as the antithesis of politics contributes to its marginalization as a political ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_usage">History of usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 19th century, "libertarian" has referred to advocates for freedom of the will, or anyone who generally advocated for liberty. The first person to call themselves a "libertarian" in the political sense was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Joseph Déjacque</a> in 1857. Shortly after, in 1858, he created the New York anarchist journal <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Libertaire" title="Le Libertaire">Le Libertaire</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchist <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Sébastien Faure</a> used the term later in the century to differentiate between anarchists and authoritarian socialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the term "libertarian" has been largely synonymous with anarchism,<sup id="cite_ref-synonymous_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-synonymous-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its meaning has more recently diluted with wider adoption from ideologically disparate groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, "libertarians" include both the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> Marxists (who do not associate with authoritarian socialists or a vanguard party) and extreme liberals (primarily concerned with civil liberties). Additionally, some anarchists use "libertarian socialist" to avoid anarchism's negative connotations and emphasize its connections with socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992641-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarchism retains a historical association with chaos and violence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvren20111_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvren20111-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1800s, prominent anarchist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a> noted the popular connotations of "anarchy" as a synonym for chaos and disorder, and thus a disadvantageous name for a movement. He accepted the term despite this, just as the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Sea_Beggars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Beggars">Sea Beggars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">sans-culottes</a> had their own names conferred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvren20111–2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvren20111–2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarchists throughout the 20th century have regretted the philosophy's association with chaos, explosives, wanton violence, and marauding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These connotations endure contemporaneously through the popular media's association of <a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">black bloc</a> property destruction with the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvren20111_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvren20111-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of anarchy's dual definitions, the idea of a society without central authority is endemically conflated with chaos, hampering one's ability to conceive of the former positively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008111_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008111-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Popular use of anarchist symbols have also affected the connotations of the term divorced from its theoretical background and history as a movement. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">anarchism in 20th-century punk subcultures</a> led to anarchy and the circle-A symbol as a trope in the music and fashion industries to represent <a href="/wiki/Teen_angst" class="mw-redirect" title="Teen angst">teen angst</a> and shallow, youthful rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell201610_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell201610-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "anarchist" is also used as a pejorative <a href="/wiki/Empty_signifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Empty signifier">empty signifier</a> to show abrasive disdain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term's association with societal malady has been, in part, an intentional strategy by its detractors to discredit it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Libertarian" saw a similar diffusion of purpose within the American libertarian movement as a wider group less studied and less interested in minimal government adopted the term, diluting the potency of its association with the strict rights-based libertarianism of Ayn Rand and Murray Rothbard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoherty2008584–585_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoherty2008584–585-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anarcho-capitalists and those who believe in abolition of the state have occupied the fringe of the libertarian movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013414_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013414-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The revival of free-market ideologies during the mid-to-late 20th century came with disagreement over what to call the movement. While many of its adherents, especially in the United States, prefer "libertarian", many Conservative libertarians reject the term's association with the 1960s <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> and its connotations of <a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">libertine</a> hedonism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement is divided over the use of "Conservative" as an alternative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013406_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013406-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who seek both economic and social liberty would be known as classical "liberals", but that term developed associations opposite of the <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a>, low-taxation, minimal state advocated by the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405–406_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405–406-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Name variants of the free-market revival movement include <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free-market_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market liberalism">free-market liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013405-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Libertarian" has the most colloquial acceptance to describe a member of the movement, or "economic libertarian", based on both the ideology's primacy of economics and its distinction from libertarians of the New Left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGamble2013406_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGamble2013406-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though many contemporary <a href="/wiki/Antiglobalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiglobalization">antiglobalization</a> activists actively identify as "anarchists", many others use anarchist principles and strategies without formally adopting the label, preferring instead terms including "antiauthoritarian", "autonomist", "libertarian socialist", or no label. These activists display anarchistic sensibilities and follow in anarchism's tradition of anti-authoritarianism, anti-capitalism, anti-oppression, and anti-imperialism without explicitly defining themselves as ideologically anarchist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams20186_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams20186-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_with_socialism">Relation with socialism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relation with socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a></div> <p>In the 19th century, "anarchism" and "socialism" were used interchangeably, both treated as similar threats to sociopolitical order despite their differences in views towards the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKemp2018180_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKemp2018180-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, classical anarchism is synonymous with "libertarian socialism" in their shared commitments to autonomy and freedom, decentralization, opposing hierarchy, and opposing the <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguardism</a> of authoritarian socialism. Generally, libertarian socialism expands to include classical anarchism, <a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">council communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_autonomists" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian autonomists">Italian autonomists</a>, and the Marxism of <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mattick" title="Paul Mattick">Mattick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a>. While there are differences between each, including whether their adherents personally identify as fully "anarchist" or "Marxist", each still classifies as anti-authoritarian socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20093_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20093-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classical anarchism is distinguished from general Marxism by its opposition to centralized or authoritarian organizational structures<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20099_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20099-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "the dominion of man over man".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChomsky2005123_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChomsky2005123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Socialist-aligned forms of anarchism are also known as "social anarchism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms "anarchist" and "Marxist" originally signified factions within the <a href="/wiki/First_International" class="mw-redirect" title="First International">First International</a> without a theoretical basis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, the anarchists were the left wing of the socialist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham2015227_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham2015227-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian anti-authoritarian <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a> argued that the International was an authoritarian organization controlled by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, a German. The term "Marxist" first appeared in French in 1872 to associate the anti-Bakuninist group within the International. The Marxists, in return, used the pejorative "anarchist" to label the Bakuninists. These distinctions were further conflated across state lines, such that the French anarchists conflated "Marxist" with "German".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A schism between "anarchist" and "socialist" affiliation was formalized with the <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a>'s 1896 <a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Workers_and_Trade_Union_Congress,_London_1896" title="International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress, London 1896">London Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodcock198085_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodcock198085-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The biggest divide in the definition of anarchism is between the main individualist and socialist anarchist traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While anarchism sits between liberalism and socialism, the definitive extent of its affiliation with either is contested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians (<a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">Woodcock</a>) have described anarchism as the confluence of liberal individualism and socialist egalitarianism. Other activists and theorists have variously argued that one tradition is "genuine anarchism" and the other tradition is oppression (<a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalists">anarcho-capitalists</a>) or a combination thereof (<a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">Black</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These contemporary distinctions trace to the time of early modern anarchism when <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Alexander Berkman</a> either broke with groups or otherwise separated the traditions of communist anarchism from individualist, mutualist, and egoist anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even the very idea of the individualist–socialist divide is contested, as some types of individualist anarchism are largely socialistic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these imprecise boundaries and some similarities, socialism and individualism within anarchism have a bifurcated tradition, the former associated with the history of socialism and the latter with <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> (also known as "<a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-libertarianism</a>"). Even their shared belief in anti-statism does not provide a common identity, as both traditions differ in their interpretation of state-rejection in spite of the common terms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_with_property_and_capitalism">Relation with property and capitalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relation with property and capitalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern American libertarians are distinguished from the dominant libertarian tradition by their relation to property and capital. While both historical libertarianism and contemporary economic libertarianism share general antipathy towards the government, contemporary libertarianism favors <a href="/wiki/Free_market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Free market capitalism">free market capitalism</a>, while historical libertarianism does not. Historically, libertarians including <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Max Stirner</a> supported the protection of an individual's freedom from powers of government and private ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, modern American libertarians support freedoms on the basis of their agreement with private property rights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462–463_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462–463-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abolishment of public amenities is a common theme in modern American libertarian writings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983463_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983463-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forms of libertarianism that put laissez-faire economics before economic equality are viewed by most anarchists as incompatible with anarchism's general tradition of egalitarianism and anti-capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a>, which would abolish the state and create a fully laissez-faire economy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lies outside of traditional forms of anarchism, such as social anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shares anarchism's antipathy towards the state<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not anarchism's antipathy towards hierarchy, as theorists expect from anarcho-capitalist economic power relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201964_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201964-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ideology follows a different paradigm from most forms of anarchism and has a fundamentally different approach and goals. Despite the "anarcho" in its title,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201964_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201964-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some scholars consider anarcho-capitalism to be more closely affiliated with capitalism and right-wing libertarianism, than with anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, within laissez-faire libertarianism, some reject the designation "anarcho-capitalism", believing that "capitalism" may either refer to the laissez-faire market they support or the government-regulated system that they oppose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008vii_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008vii-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_definition_of_anarchism">Types of definition of anarchism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types of definition of anarchism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anarchism scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_McLaughlin_(scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul McLaughlin (scholar) (page does not exist)">Paul McLaughlin</a> studies the various definitions of anarchism in his book <i>Anarchism and Authority</i>. According to him, there are three common types of anarchism definition: </p> <ul><li>etymological definitions</li> <li>anti-statist definitions</li> <li>anti-authoritarian definitions</li></ul> <p>But all fall short from providing a precise definition of anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymological_definition">Etymological definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymological definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Anarchy" derives from the Greek <i>anarkhos</i>, meaning "without authority" (as opposed to "without government/state").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJun2009507_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJun2009507-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the etymological definition of anarchism as the negation of an authority. But anarchism is generally not simply a negative stance on authority but also a positive stance about how society should be structured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-statist_definition">Anti-statist definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Anti-statist definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anti-statist definitions place the focus of interest on the negation, and confrontation in the real world, of the state by anarchism. But as with the etymological definition, anarchism is much more than anti-statism, as it generally rejects all forms of established authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727–28_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727–28-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The association between anti-statism and anarchism is both commonly understood and contested.<sup id="cite_ref-Ⓐ_not_just_anti-state_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ⓐ_not_just_anti-state-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarchism, according to historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author)" title="Peter Marshall (author)">Peter Marshall</a>, exists outside standards of <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a> because its aims are not based on the struggle for power within the state. It is more concerned with moral and economic theory than participation in political systems and indeed often advocates against participation in such systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992639_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992639-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarchist libertarians and modern economic libertarians share opposition to the state as their only significant commonality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2007165,_n26–166_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2007165,_n26–166-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-authoritarian_definitions">Anti-authoritarian definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anti-authoritarian definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anti-authoritarian definitions depicts the rejection of all kinds of authorities. Even though these kind of definitions are much broader than the anti-statist ones, there are still handicaps. McLaughlin, who examines under a philosophical scope, claims that anti-authoritarianism is a conclusion of anarchist thought, not an <i>a priori</i> statement, therefore it can not be used as a definition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200728_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200728-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Definition of fascism">Definition of fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">Definition of terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_signifier" title="Floating signifier">Floating signifier</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Libertaire">Libertaire</a></i> and <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertario" class="extiw" title="es:Libertario">Libertario</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ⓐ_is_libsoc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ⓐ_is_libsoc_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFLevyAdams2018">Levy & Adams 2018</a>, p. 104: "As such, many people use the term 'anarchism' to describe the anti-authoritarian wing of the socialist movement."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1992">Marshall 1992</a>, p. 641: "In general, anarchism is closer to socialism than liberalism. ... Anarchism finds itself largely in the socialist camp, but it also has outriders in liberalism. It cannot be reduced to socialism, and is best seen as a separate and distinctive doctrine."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCohn2009">Cohn 2009</a>, p. 4: "... from the 1890s on, the term 'libertarian socialism' has entered common use as a synonym for anarchism."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFChomsky2005">Chomsky 2005</a>, p. 123: Modern anarchism is "the libertarian wing of socialism".</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-synonymous-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-synonymous_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1992">Marshall 1992</a>, p. 641: "For a long time, libertarian was interchangeable in France with anarchist but in recent years, its meaning has become more ambivalent."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCohn2009">Cohn 2009</a>, p. 6: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'libertarianism' ... a term that, until the mid-twentieth century, was synonymous with "anarchism" <i>per se</i>"</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ancap_compatibility_&_egalitarianism_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1992">Marshall 1992</a>, pp. 564–565: "Anarcho-capitalists are against the State simply because they are capitalists first and foremost. ... They are not concerned with the social consequences of capitalism for the weak, powerless and ignorant. ... As such, anarcho-capitalism overlooks the egalitarian implications of traditional individualist anarchists like Spooner and Tucker. In fact, few anarchists would accept the 'anarcho-capitalists' into the anarchist camp since they do not share a concern for economic equality and social justice. Their self-interested, calculating market men would be incapable of practising voluntary co-operation and mutual aid. Anarcho-capitalists, even if they do reject the state, might therefore best be called right-wing libertarians rather than anarchists."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFJennings1993">Jennings 1993</a>, p. 143: "... anarchism does not stand for the untrammelled freedom of the individual (as the 'anarcho-capitalists' appear to believe) but, as we have already seen, for the extension of individuality <i>and</i> community."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGayGay1999">Gay & Gay 1999</a>, p. 15: "For many anarchists (of whatever persuasion), anarcho-capitalism is a contradictory term, since 'traditional' anarchists oppose capitalism"</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFMorriss2008">Morriss 2008</a>, p. 13: "Social anarchists, those anarchists with communitarian leanings, are critical of anarcho-capitalism because it permits individuals to accumulate substantial power through markets and private property."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFFranks2013">Franks 2013</a>, pp. 393–394: "Individualisms that defend or reinforce hierarchical forms such as the economic-power relations of anarcho-capitalism ... are incompatible with practices of social anarchism ... Increasingly, academic analysis has followed activist currents in rejecting the view that anarcho-capitalism has anything to do with social anarchism."</li></ul> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ⓐ_not_just_anti-state-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ⓐ_not_just_anti-state_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFJun2009">Jun 2009</a>, p. 507: "One common misconception, which has been rehearsed repeatedly by the few Anglo-American philosophers who have bothered to broach the topic ... is that anarchism can be defined solely in terms of opposition to states and governments."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFFranks2013">Franks 2013</a>, pp. 386–387: "... many, questionably, regard anti-statism as the irremovable, universal principle at the core of anarchism"</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFFranks2013">Franks 2013</a>, p. 388: "The fact that [socialist and individualist anarchisms] share a core concept of 'anti-statism', which is often advanced as ... a commonality between them ..., is insufficient to produce a shared identity ... because [they interpret] the concept of state-rejection ... differently despite the initial similarity in nomenclature."</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFMcLaughlin2007">McLaughlin 2007</a>, p. 166: "[opposition to the state] is (contrary to what many scholars believe) <i>not definitive of anarchism</i>"</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn20094-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn20094_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohn2009">Cohn 2009</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohn20096-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohn20096_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohn2009">Cohn 2009</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19842-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19842_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1984">Miller 1984</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevyAdams2018102-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevyAdams2018102_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevyAdams2018">Levy & Adams 2018</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornell2016">Cornell 2016</a>, p. 10: "The word <i>libertarian</i> has been historically contested alongside the term <i>anarchism</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevyAdams201856-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevyAdams201856_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevyAdams2018">Levy & Adams 2018</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller19842–3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller19842–3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1984">Miller 1984</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinthicum2010" class="citation web cs1">Linthicum, Kate (January 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jan-25-la-me-anarchists25-2010jan25-story.html">"Book fair draws an array of anarchists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Book+fair+draws+an+array+of+anarchists&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft.aulast=Linthicum&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-jan-25-la-me-anarchists25-2010jan25-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385–386_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranks2013">Franks 2013</a>, pp. 385–386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013385-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKemp2018180-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKemp2018180_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKemp2018">Kemp 2018</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20093-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20093_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera2009">Amster et al. 2009</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20099-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera20099_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera2009">Amster et al. 2009</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChomsky2005123-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChomsky2005123_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChomsky2005">Chomsky 2005</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECallahanCurtis2009161,_163_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCallahanCurtis2009">Callahan & Curtis 2009</a>, pp. 161, 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham2015227-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham2015227_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraham2015">Graham 2015</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoodcock198085-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodcock198085_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWoodcock1980">Woodcock 1980</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranks2013388_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranks2013">Franks 2013</a>, p. 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrancis1983">Francis 1983</a>, p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462–463-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983462–463_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrancis1983">Francis 1983</a>, pp. 462–463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983463-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancis1983463_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrancis1983">Francis 1983</a>, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGayGay1999_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGayGay1999">Gay & Gay 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis201964-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201964_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis201964_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2019">Davis 2019</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008vii-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongMachan2008vii_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongMachan2008">Long & Machan 2008</a>, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLaughlin2007">McLaughlin 2007</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJun2009507-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJun2009507_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJun2009">Jun 2009</a>, p. 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727–28-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200727–28_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLaughlin2007">McLaughlin 2007</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992639-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall1992639_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1992">Marshall 1992</a>, p. 639.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2007165,_n26–166-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin2007165,_n26–166_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLaughlin2007">McLaughlin 2007</a>, pp. 165, n26–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200728-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLaughlin200728_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLaughlin2007">McLaughlin 2007</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmsterDeLeonFernandezNocera2009" class="citation book cs1">Amster, Randall; DeLeon, Abraham; Fernandez, Luis; Nocera, Anthony J.; Shannon, Deric, eds. (2009). <i>Contemporary Anarchist Studies: An Introductory Anthology of Anarchy in the Academy</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415474023" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415474023"><bdi>978-0415474023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Anarchist+Studies%3A+An+Introductory+Anthology+of+Anarchy+in+the+Academy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0415474023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallahanCurtis2009" class="citation book cs1">Callahan, Kevin J.; Curtis, Sarah A., eds. (2009). <i>Views from the Margins: Creating Identities in Modern France</i>. University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803215597" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803215597"><bdi>978-0803215597</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Views+from+the+Margins%3A+Creating+Identities+in+Modern+France&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0803215597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (2005). Pateman, Barry (ed.). <i>Chomsky on Anarchism</i>. Oakland, CA: AK Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1904859260" title="Special:BookSources/978-1904859260"><bdi>978-1904859260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chomsky+on+Anarchism&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1904859260&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2009" class="citation book cs1">Cohn, Jesse (2009). "Anarchism". In <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Ness" title="Immanuel Ness">Ness, Immanuel</a> (ed.). <i>The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest</i>. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0039">10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0039</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405198073" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405198073"><bdi>978-1405198073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Revolution+and+Protest&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=1-11&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405198073.wbierp0039&rft.isbn=978-1405198073&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornell2016" class="citation book cs1">Cornell, Andrew (2016). <i><a href="/wiki/Unruly_Equality:_U.S._Anarchism_in_the_Twentieth_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Unruly Equality: U.S. Anarchism in the Twentieth Century">Unruly Equality: U.S. Anarchism in the Twentieth Century</a></i>. Oakland: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28675-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28675-7"><bdi>978-0-520-28675-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unruly+Equality%3A+U.S.+Anarchism+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Oakland&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-520-28675-7&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2019" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Laurence (2019). "Individual and Community". In Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S. (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. Cham: Springer. pp. 47–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_3">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319756196" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319756196"><bdi>978-3319756196</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150149495">150149495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Individual+and+Community&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=47-70&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150149495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_3&rft.isbn=978-3319756196&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty2008" class="citation book cs1">Doherty, Brian (2008). <i><a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism</a>: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement</i>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1586485726" title="Special:BookSources/978-1586485726"><bdi>978-1586485726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals+for+Capitalism%3A+A+Freewheeling+History+of+the+Modern+American+Libertarian+Movement&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1586485726&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvren2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCreyyya_Evren" title="Süreyyya Evren">Evren, Süreyyya</a> (2011). "How New Anarchism Changed the World (of Opposition) after Seattle and Gave Birth to Post-Anarchism". In Rousselle, Duane; Evren, Süreyyya (eds.). <i>Post-Anarchism: A Reader</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. pp. 1–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745330860" title="Special:BookSources/978-0745330860"><bdi>978-0745330860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+New+Anarchism+Changed+the+World+%28of+Opposition%29+after+Seattle+and+Gave+Birth+to+Post-Anarchism&rft.btitle=Post-Anarchism%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=1-19&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0745330860&rft.aulast=Evren&rft.aufirst=S%C3%BCreyyya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1983" class="citation journal cs1">Francis, Mark (December 1983). "Human Rights and Libertarians". <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Journal_of_Politics_%26_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Journal of Politics & History">Australian Journal of Politics & History</a></i>. <b>29</b> (3): 462–472. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x">10.1111/j.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-9522">0004-9522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Politics+%26+History&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+and+Libertarians&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=462-472&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8497.1983.tb00212.x&rft.issn=0004-9522&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranks2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franks_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franks (philosopher)">Franks, Benjamin</a> (August 2013). 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"Economic Libertarianism". <i>The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies</i>. Oxford University Press: 405–421. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199585977.013.0008">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Political+Ideologies&rft.atitle=Economic+Libertarianism&rft.pages=405-421&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199585977.013.0008&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGayGay1999" class="citation book cs1">Gay, Kathlyn; Gay, Martin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo0000gayk"><i>Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874369823" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874369823"><bdi>978-0874369823</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Political+Anarchy&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0874369823&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=Kathlyn&rft.au=Gay%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofpo0000gayk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2015" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Robert (2015). <i>We Do Not Fear Anarchy, We Invoke It: The First International and the Origins of the Anarchist Movement</i>. AK Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-211-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-211-6"><bdi>978-1-84935-211-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Do+Not+Fear+Anarchy%2C+We+Invoke+It%3A+The+First+International+and+the+Origins+of+the+Anarchist+Movement&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-211-6&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings1993" class="citation book cs1">Jennings, Jeremy (1993). "Anarchism". In Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (eds.). <i>Contemporary Political Ideologies</i>. London: Pinter. pp. 127–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0861870967" title="Special:BookSources/978-0861870967"><bdi>978-0861870967</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Political+Ideologies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=127-146&rft.pub=Pinter&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0861870967&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJun2009" class="citation journal cs1">Jun, Nathan (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philarchive.org/rec/JUNAPA-2">"Anarchist Philosophy and Working Class Struggle: A Brief History and Commentary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WorkingUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="WorkingUSA">WorkingUSA</a></i>. <b>12</b> (3): 505–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1743-4580.2009.00251.x">10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00251.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1089-7011">1089-7011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WorkingUSA&rft.atitle=Anarchist+Philosophy+and+Working+Class+Struggle%3A+A+Brief+History+and+Commentary&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=505-519&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1743-4580.2009.00251.x&rft.issn=1089-7011&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilarchive.org%2Frec%2FJUNAPA-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp2018" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J7VqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178">"Beneath a White Tower"</a>. <i>Bombs, Bullets and Bread: The Politics of Anarchist Terrorism Worldwide, 1866–1926</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. pp. 178–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1476671017" title="Special:BookSources/978-1476671017"><bdi>978-1476671017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beneath+a+White+Tower&rft.btitle=Bombs%2C+Bullets+and+Bread%3A+The+Politics+of+Anarchist+Terrorism+Worldwide%2C+1866%E2%80%931926&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=178-186&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1476671017&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ7VqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevyAdams2018" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Carl; Adams, Matthew S., eds. (2018). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75619-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75619-6"><bdi>978-3-319-75619-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149333615">149333615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149333615%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-75619-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongMachan2008" class="citation book cs1">Long, Roderick T.; <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Machan" title="Tibor Machan">Machan, Tibor R.</a>, eds. (2008). <i>Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?</i>. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754660668" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754660668"><bdi>978-0754660668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%2FMinarchism%3A+Is+a+Government+Part+of+a+Free+Country%3F&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0754660668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author)" title="Peter Marshall (author)">Marshall, Peter</a> (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible:_A_History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a></i>. London: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0002178556" title="Special:BookSources/978-0002178556"><bdi>978-0002178556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0002178556&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2007" class="citation book cs1">McLaughlin, Paul (2007). "Defining Anarchism". <i>Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism</i>. Ashgate. pp. 25–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754661962" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754661962"><bdi>978-0754661962</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Defining+Anarchism&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Authority%3A+A+Philosophical+Introduction+to+Classical+Anarchism&rft.pages=25-36&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0754661962&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(political_theorist)" title="David Miller (political theorist)">Miller, David</a> (1984). "What Is Anarchism?". <i><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_(Miller_book)" title="Anarchism (Miller book)">Anarchism</a></i>. London: J.M. Dent & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0460100939" title="Special:BookSources/0460100939"><bdi>0460100939</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Is+Anarchism%3F&rft.btitle=Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0460100939&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorriss2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Morriss, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&pg=PT51">"Anarcho-capitalism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i>. Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n8">10.4135/9781412965811.n8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412965804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412965804"><bdi>978-1412965804</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191924853">191924853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarcho-capitalism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191924853&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n8&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26pg%3DPT51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2018" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, Dana M. (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:39370/CONTENT/williams-sc.pdf/">"Contemporary anarchist and anarchistic movements"</a>. <i>Sociology Compass</i>. <b>12</b> (6): e12582. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsoc4.12582">10.1111/soc4.12582</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-9020">1751-9020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+Compass&rft.atitle=Contemporary+anarchist+and+anarchistic+movements&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e12582&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fsoc4.12582&rft.issn=1751-9020&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dana+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcommons.org%2Fdeposits%2Fdownload%2Fhc%3A39370%2FCONTENT%2Fwilliams-sc.pdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodcock1980" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">Woodcock, George</a> (1980). "Anarchist Phases and Personalities". <i><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Quarterly" title="Queen's Quarterly">Queen's Quarterly</a></i>. <b>87</b> (1): 82–96. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-6041">0033-6041</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1296885359">1296885359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Anarchist+Phases+and+Personalities&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=82-96&rft.date=1980&rft.issn=0033-6041&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBéja2019" class="citation journal cs1">Béja, Alice (2019). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Dreaming (Un)American Dreams': Anarchists and the Struggle to Define Americanism". <i>Journal for the Study of Radicalism</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 1–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14321%2Fjstudradi.13.1.0001">10.14321/jstudradi.13.1.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1930-1189">1930-1189</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/jstudradi.13.1.0001">10.14321/jstudradi.13.1.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151297246">151297246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Radicalism&rft.atitle=%27Dreaming+%28Un%29American+Dreams%27%3A+Anarchists+and+the+Struggle+to+Define+Americanism&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=1930-1189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151297246%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.14321%2Fjstudradi.13.1.0001%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14321%2Fjstudradi.13.1.0001&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9ja&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2012" class="citation book cs1">Carlson, Jennifer D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tYME6Z35nyAC&pg=PA1005">"Libertarianism"</a>. In Miller, Wilbur R. (ed.). <i>The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia</i>. Los Angeles: Sage. pp. 1005–1009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412988766" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412988766"><bdi>978-1412988766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Libertarianism&rft.btitle=The+Social+History+of+Crime+and+Punishment+in+America%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=1005-1009&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1412988766&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtYME6Z35nyAC%26pg%3DPA1005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1978" class="citation journal cs1">Clark, John P. (1978). 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Oakland: PM Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604860931" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604860931"><bdi>978-1604860931</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology%2C+Ecology%2C+and+Anarchism%3A+A+Brian+Morris+Reader&rft.place=Oakland&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1604860931&rft.aulast=Morriss&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2005" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Michael (2005). <i>Socialism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. 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"The Place of Anarchism in the History of Political Thought". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Politics" title="The Review of Politics">The Review of Politics</a></i>. <b>20</b> (3): 307–329. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034670500033040">10.1017/S0034670500033040</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6705">0034-6705</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1404980">1404980</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143880498">143880498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Place+of+Anarchism+in+the+History+of+Political+Thought&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=307-329&rft.date=1958&rft.issn=0034-6705&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143880498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1404980%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0034670500033040&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurkisBowen2005" class="citation book cs1">Purkis, Jonathan; Bowen, James, eds. (2005). <i>Changing Anarchism: Anarchist Theory and Practice in a Global Age</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0719066948" title="Special:BookSources/978-0719066948"><bdi>978-0719066948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Anarchism%3A+Anarchist+Theory+and+Practice+in+a+Global+Age&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0719066948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaekstad2016" class="citation journal cs1">Raekstad, Paul (2016). "Understanding Anarchism: Some Basics". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_%26_Society" title="Science & Society">Science & Society</a></i>. <b>80</b> (3): 407–414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1521%2Fsiso.2016.80.3.407">10.1521/siso.2016.80.3.407</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8237">0036-8237</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26141887">26141887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Understanding+Anarchism%3A+Some+Basics&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=407-414&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0036-8237&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26141887%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1521%2Fsiso.2016.80.3.407&rft.aulast=Raekstad&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciabarra2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Sciabarra, Chris M.</a> (2000). <i>Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism</i>. Penn State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0271020495" title="Special:BookSources/978-0271020495"><bdi>978-0271020495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Total+Freedom%3A+Toward+a+Dialectical+Libertarianism&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0271020495&rft.aulast=Sciabarra&rft.aufirst=Chris+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShantzWilliams2013" class="citation book cs1">Shantz, Jeffrey; Williams, Dana M. (2013). "Problems of Research on Radicals (Or Anarchist Movement Epistemology)". <i>Anarchy and Society: Reflections on Anarchist Sociology</i>. Studies in Critical Social Sciences. Leiden: Brill. pp. 158–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004252998" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004252998"><bdi>978-9004252998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Problems+of+Research+on+Radicals+%28Or+Anarchist+Movement+Epistemology%29&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Society%3A+Reflections+on+Anarchist+Sociology&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Critical+Social+Sciences&rft.pages=158-174&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004252998&rft.aulast=Shantz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Williams%2C+Dana+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter2002" class="citation book cs1">Walter, Nicholas (2002). <i>About Anarchism</i>. London: Freedom Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0900384905" title="Special:BookSources/978-0900384905"><bdi>978-0900384905</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Freedom+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0900384905&rft.aulast=Walter&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefinition+of+anarchism+and+libertarianism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li>Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libertarianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarianism" title="Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarianism" title="Template talk:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian capitalism</a></span><br /><span style="vertical-align:1px;">(<a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Conservative libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_transhumanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian transhumanism">Libertarian transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical liberalism">Neo-classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></span><br /><span style="vertical-align:1px;">(<a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">agorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian communism">libertarian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho syndicalism">syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_freedom" title="Artistic freedom">Artistic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalization of sex work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">Expropriative anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism#Federalism_and_localism_in_anarchist_political_theory" title="Federalism">Federalism (anarchist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#Libertarian" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">Freedom of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">Freedom of conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">Individual reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">Libertarianism (metaphysics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">de Molinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Simon" title="Julian Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">de La Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action" title="Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Political alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_War_on_Drugs" title="Legality of the War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law,_Legislation_and_Liberty" title="Law, Legislation and Liberty">Law, Legislation and Liberty</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1979)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-collectivism">Anti-collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Anti-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Technolibertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/28px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/42px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/56px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" 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