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class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3420132" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d56224f32cd668f8cf49126b7a1ab18e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37334244,"asset_id":3420132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37334244/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="215693" href="https://muni.academia.edu/CinaForoutanNejad">Cina Foroutan-Nejad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="215693" type="text/json">{"id":215693,"first_name":"Cina","last_name":"Foroutan-Nejad","domain_name":"muni","page_name":"CinaForoutanNejad","display_name":"Cina Foroutan-Nejad","profile_url":"https://muni.academia.edu/CinaForoutanNejad?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215693/49272/6102519/s65_cina.foroutan-nejad.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3420132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3420132"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3420132, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3420132", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3420132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3420132; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3420132"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3420132 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3420132"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3420132; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3420132]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3420132").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3420132").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3420132"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Chemistry">Computational Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="528" type="text/json">{"id":528,"name":"Computational Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="530" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry">Inorganic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="530" type="text/json">{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3420132]'), work: {"id":3420132,"title":"Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules; QTAIM and beyond","created_at":"2013-04-29T07:05:29.098-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3420132/Quantum_Theory_of_Atoms_in_Molecules_QTAIM_and_beyond?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_3420132","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37334244,"asset_id":3420132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":31196019,"asset_id":3420132,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":215693,"first_name":"Cina","last_name":"Foroutan-Nejad","domain_name":"muni","page_name":"CinaForoutanNejad","display_name":"Cina Foroutan-Nejad","profile_url":"https://muni.academia.edu/CinaForoutanNejad?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215693/49272/6102519/s65_cina.foroutan-nejad.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":528,"name":"Computational Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":533,"name":"Theoretical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":69630,"name":"Learning Chemical Bond","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Chemical_Bond?f_ri=484952"},{"id":160867,"name":"Misconceptions in Chemical Bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Misconceptions_in_Chemical_Bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":176773,"name":"General Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":267442,"name":"Chemical Bonding Misconceptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Bonding_Misconceptions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":296798,"name":"Hydrogen Bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":422757,"name":"Chemical Bonds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Bonds?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":801003,"name":"Chemical bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_bonding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4746012" data-work_id="4746012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4746012/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones">A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4746012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13205cbc0efebe8e257eea49fdaeb7bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49647660,"asset_id":4746012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49647660/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2668244" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MaanHayyan">Maan Hayyan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2668244" type="text/json">{"id":2668244,"first_name":"Maan","last_name":"Hayyan","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MaanHayyan","display_name":"Maan Hayyan","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MaanHayyan?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4746012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4746012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4746012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4746012", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4746012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4746012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4746012"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4746012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4746012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4746012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4746012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4746012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4746012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4746012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies">Poverty Reduction Strategies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8620" type="text/json">{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid">Ionic Liquid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16215" type="text/json">{"id":16215,"name":"Ionic Liquid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33003" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids">Ionic Liquids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33003" type="text/json">{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4746012]'), work: {"id":4746012,"title":"A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones","created_at":"2013-10-11T02:02:06.984-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4746012/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_4746012","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49647660,"asset_id":4746012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2668244,"first_name":"Maan","last_name":"Hayyan","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MaanHayyan","display_name":"Maan Hayyan","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MaanHayyan?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":16215,"name":"Ionic Liquid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":53556,"name":"Preparation of Allylic and Propargylic Imidazole Derivatives and Their Enyne Metathesis Reactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preparation_of_Allylic_and_Propargylic_Imidazole_Derivatives_and_Their_Enyne_Metathesis_Reactions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":55388,"name":"Organic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Synthesis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":148176,"name":"Atmospheric Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Pressure?f_ri=484952"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=484952"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=484952"},{"id":391252,"name":"Room Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Room_Temperature?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1566123" data-work_id="1566123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1566123/Evaluation_of_Students_Perceptions_towards_Structure_and_Chemical_Bonding_upon_using_Molecular_Models_in_Selected_Kenyan_Public_Secondary_Schools">Evaluation of Students Perceptions towards Structure and Chemical Bonding upon using Molecular Models in Selected Kenyan Public Secondary Schools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Traditional pedagogy in chemistry scarcely helps learners understand fundamental concepts such as Structure and chemical bonding. The study sought to find out the effect of using molecular models in classroom instruction on students’... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1566123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Traditional pedagogy in chemistry scarcely helps learners understand fundamental concepts such as Structure and chemical bonding. The study sought to find out the effect of using molecular models in classroom instruction on students’ perceptions towards learning the topic. The study employed a quasi-experimental design and was based on the Dual-Coding theory. Stratified random sampling was used to classify the schools as provincial or district and thereafter as boys’, girls’ or co-education public secondary schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 831 students from eight public secondary schools. The control group was taught the topic in the traditional way while the experimental group received instruction using molecular models in addition to the traditional teaching methods. The Structure and Bonding Students’ Perceptions Questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square was used for data analysis. The study found a significant chi-square (χ2) value of 442.342 (df=40, α=.001) on perception scores which is higher than the critical χ2 of 66.7659 (df=40, α=.005). Thus, the perception scores for the two groups differed significantly. <br />Key Words: Molecular models, Structure and Chemical bonding, Science Education.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1566123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9be98e3bdb018997f104e32c3aa05d48" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":13903228,"asset_id":1566123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/13903228/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88147" href="https://mmust.academia.edu/AMADALOMUSASIA">AMADALO MUSASIA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88147" type="text/json">{"id":88147,"first_name":"AMADALO","last_name":"MUSASIA","domain_name":"mmust","page_name":"AMADALOMUSASIA","display_name":"AMADALO MUSASIA","profile_url":"https://mmust.academia.edu/AMADALOMUSASIA?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88147/898720/1122939/s65_amadalo.musasia.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1566123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1566123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1566123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1566123", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1566123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1566123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1566123"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1566123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1566123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1566123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1566123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1566123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1566123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1566123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="484952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding">Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="484952" type="text/json">{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1566123]'), work: {"id":1566123,"title":"Evaluation of Students Perceptions towards Structure and Chemical Bonding upon using Molecular Models in Selected Kenyan Public Secondary Schools","created_at":"2012-05-16T19:35:14.797-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1566123/Evaluation_of_Students_Perceptions_towards_Structure_and_Chemical_Bonding_upon_using_Molecular_Models_in_Selected_Kenyan_Public_Secondary_Schools?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_1566123","summary":"Traditional pedagogy in chemistry scarcely helps learners understand fundamental concepts such as Structure and chemical bonding. The study sought to find out the effect of using molecular models in classroom instruction on students’ perceptions towards learning the topic. The study employed a quasi-experimental design and was based on the Dual-Coding theory. Stratified random sampling was used to classify the schools as provincial or district and thereafter as boys’, girls’ or co-education public secondary schools. Simple random sampling was used to select 831 students from eight public secondary schools. The control group was taught the topic in the traditional way while the experimental group received instruction using molecular models in addition to the traditional teaching methods. The Structure and Bonding Students’ Perceptions Questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square was used for data analysis. The study found a significant chi-square (χ2) value of 442.342 (df=40, α=.001) on perception scores which is higher than the critical χ2 of 66.7659 (df=40, α=.005). Thus, the perception scores for the two groups differed significantly.\r\nKey Words: Molecular models, Structure and Chemical bonding, Science Education.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":13903228,"asset_id":1566123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88147,"first_name":"AMADALO","last_name":"MUSASIA","domain_name":"mmust","page_name":"AMADALOMUSASIA","display_name":"AMADALO MUSASIA","profile_url":"https://mmust.academia.edu/AMADALOMUSASIA?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88147/898720/1122939/s65_amadalo.musasia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7549563" data-work_id="7549563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7549563/A_packed_bed_membrane_reactor_for_production_of_biodiesel_using_activated_carbon_supported_catalyst">A packed bed membrane reactor for production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7549563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst amount and cross flow circulation velocity on the production of biodiesel in the packed bed membrane reactor. The highest conversion of palm oil to biodiesel in the reactor was obtained at 70°C employing 157.04g catalyst per unit volume of the reactor and 0.21cm/s cross flow circulation velocity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and compared with the standard specifications. High quality palm oil biodiesel was produced by combination of heterogeneous alkali transesterification and separation processes in the packed bed membrane reactor. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. <br /> <br /><a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960852410014574/1-s2.0-S0960852410014574-main.pdf?_tid=74bcbdf2-025e-11e4-8ea3-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1404356723_f959262287254ffe4bce3abeee7084d9" rel="nofollow">http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960852410014574/1-s2.0-S0960852410014574-main.pdf?_tid=74bcbdf2-025e-11e4-8ea3-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1404356723_f959262287254ffe4bce3abeee7084d9</a>  <br /><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410014574" rel="nofollow">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410014574</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7549563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab2a923ce3fe3b2315095f520609aa0e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34111980,"asset_id":7549563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34111980/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13512393" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/NikMeriamNikSulaiman">Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13512393" type="text/json">{"id":13512393,"first_name":"Nik Meriam","last_name":"Nik Sulaiman","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"NikMeriamNikSulaiman","display_name":"Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/NikMeriamNikSulaiman?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13512393/3808082/4456809/s65_nik_meriam.nik_sulaiman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7549563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7549563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7549563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7549563", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7549563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7549563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7549563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7549563"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">57</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes">Membranes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4377" type="text/json">{"id":4377,"name":"Membranes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis">Catalysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4749" type="text/json">{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling">Recycling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5645" type="text/json">{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7549563]'), work: {"id":7549563,"title":"A packed bed membrane reactor for production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst","created_at":"2014-07-03T17:21:52.733-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7549563/A_packed_bed_membrane_reactor_for_production_of_biodiesel_using_activated_carbon_supported_catalyst?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_7549563","summary":"In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst amount and cross flow circulation velocity on the production of biodiesel in the packed bed membrane reactor. The highest conversion of palm oil to biodiesel in the reactor was obtained at 70°C employing 157.04g catalyst per unit volume of the reactor and 0.21cm/s cross flow circulation velocity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and compared with the standard specifications. High quality palm oil biodiesel was produced by combination of heterogeneous alkali transesterification and separation processes in the packed bed membrane reactor. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.\r\n\r\nhttp://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960852410014574/1-s2.0-S0960852410014574-main.pdf?_tid=74bcbdf2-025e-11e4-8ea3-00000aab0f27\u0026acdnat=1404356723_f959262287254ffe4bce3abeee7084d9 \r\nhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410014574 ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34111980,"asset_id":7549563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13512393,"first_name":"Nik Meriam","last_name":"Nik Sulaiman","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"NikMeriamNikSulaiman","display_name":"Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/NikMeriamNikSulaiman?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13512393/3808082/4456809/s65_nik_meriam.nik_sulaiman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4377,"name":"Membranes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membranes?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":7892,"name":"Biodiesel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiesel?f_ri=484952"},{"id":9508,"name":"Response Surface Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response_Surface_Methodology?f_ri=484952"},{"id":18469,"name":"Activated carbon adsorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_carbon_adsorption?f_ri=484952"},{"id":25150,"name":"Separation Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_Techniques?f_ri=484952"},{"id":30699,"name":"Charcoal analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=484952"},{"id":31887,"name":"Membrane Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Technology?f_ri=484952"},{"id":31892,"name":"Membrane Bioreactor Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Bioreactor_Technology?f_ri=484952"},{"id":52056,"name":"Vegetable Oils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetable_Oils?f_ri=484952"},{"id":54182,"name":"Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofuels?f_ri=484952"},{"id":59731,"name":"Catalyst","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalyst?f_ri=484952"},{"id":92633,"name":"Algal Biofuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algal_Biofuels?f_ri=484952"},{"id":95517,"name":"Separation processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Separation_processes?f_ri=484952"},{"id":118471,"name":"Supported Catalyst","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supported_Catalyst?f_ri=484952"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=484952"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":198683,"name":"Esterification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esterification?f_ri=484952"},{"id":206972,"name":"Packed Beds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packed_Beds?f_ri=484952"},{"id":259330,"name":"Palm Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palm_Oil?f_ri=484952"},{"id":276471,"name":"Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysis for oxidation of organic compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_and_characterization_of_heterogeneous_catalysis_for_oxidation_of_organic_compounds?f_ri=484952"},{"id":283329,"name":"Vegetable oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetable_oil?f_ri=484952"},{"id":303393,"name":"GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GAS_LIQUID_CHROMATOGRAPHY?f_ri=484952"},{"id":348793,"name":"Ethyl Esters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethyl_Esters?f_ri=484952"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=484952"},{"id":423520,"name":"Membrane Reactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Reactors?f_ri=484952"},{"id":470847,"name":"Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voltage-Gated_Potassium_Channels?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":493611,"name":"Advanced separation techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_separation_techniques?f_ri=484952"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=484952"},{"id":536786,"name":"Tionghoa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tionghoa?f_ri=484952"},{"id":577615,"name":"Transesterification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transesterification?f_ri=484952"},{"id":583018,"name":"Artificial Membranes in Drug Delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Membranes_in_Drug_Delivery?f_ri=484952"},{"id":725583,"name":"Layered Double Hydroxides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Layered_Double_Hydroxides?f_ri=484952"},{"id":823177,"name":"Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Response_Surface_Methodology_RSM_?f_ri=484952"},{"id":898062,"name":"Flow Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Rate?f_ri=484952"},{"id":908007,"name":"Palm Methyl Esters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palm_Methyl_Esters?f_ri=484952"},{"id":925383,"name":"Priority Journal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Priority_Journal?f_ri=484952"},{"id":969146,"name":"High Quality Cassava Flour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Quality_Cassava_Flour?f_ri=484952"},{"id":975795,"name":"Alkalinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkalinity?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1117364,"name":"Carbon Supported Catalyst","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Supported_Catalyst?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1117365,"name":"Central Composite 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href="https://www.academia.edu/35964553/Alcoholes_Grignard_Reduccion_Alcoholes_OXIDACIO_N_DE_ALCOHOL_ES_PCC">Alcoholes Grignard Reduccion Alcoholes OXIDACIO N DE ALCOHOL ES PCC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Reaccionario para entender un poco mejor las reacciones de los aldehidos y cetonas</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35964553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b50ae3e8531945b308d027d5952d7ee7" rel="nofollow" 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35964553").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35964553"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="484952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding">Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="484952" type="text/json">{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35964553]'), work: {"id":35964553,"title":"Alcoholes Grignard Reduccion Alcoholes OXIDACIO N DE ALCOHOL ES PCC","created_at":"2018-02-19T20:38:52.843-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35964553/Alcoholes_Grignard_Reduccion_Alcoholes_OXIDACIO_N_DE_ALCOHOL_ES_PCC?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_35964553","summary":"Reaccionario para entender un poco mejor las reacciones de los aldehidos y cetonas","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55847507,"asset_id":35964553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76886184,"first_name":"javier","last_name":"moreno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"javiermoreno193","display_name":"javier moreno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/javiermoreno193?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76886184/19607800/19494622/s65_javier.moreno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33561170" data-work_id="33561170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33561170/The_use_of_modified_molecular_model_in_learning_molecular_geometry_among_matriculation_students">The use of modified molecular model in learning molecular geometry among matriculation students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The traditional physical molecular model was modified and applied in this study to facilitate students' learning of molecular geometry. The effects of imagery on human cognition were explained using Paivio's dual coding theory. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33561170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The traditional physical molecular model was modified and applied in this study to facilitate students' learning of molecular geometry. The effects of imagery on human cognition were explained using Paivio's dual coding theory. A qualitative approach was employed in this study to explore matriculation students' views of using modified molecular model in learning molecular geometry. Data was collected using interview and observation, in which two students were purposively selected from two classes respectively. The findings revealed that modified molecular model enhanced students' understanding and memorisation, promote analytical thinking, challenging and need guidance from their lecturers. It implied that hands on and visualisation experience of working with modified molecular model promoted students' understanding in learning new and abstract topic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33561170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38a725026d7ed2697c562c3ddced1bb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53587472,"asset_id":33561170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53587472/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8211299" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaiFoongLok">Wai Foong Lok</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8211299" type="text/json">{"id":8211299,"first_name":"Wai Foong","last_name":"Lok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaiFoongLok","display_name":"Wai Foong Lok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaiFoongLok?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33561170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33561170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33561170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33561170", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33561170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33561170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33561170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33561170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="484952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding">Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="484952" type="text/json">{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1666284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Geometry">Molecular Geometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1666284" type="text/json">{"id":1666284,"name":"Molecular Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Geometry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33561170]'), work: {"id":33561170,"title":"The use of modified molecular model in learning molecular geometry among matriculation students","created_at":"2017-06-19T19:21:30.440-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33561170/The_use_of_modified_molecular_model_in_learning_molecular_geometry_among_matriculation_students?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_33561170","summary":"The traditional physical molecular model was modified and applied in this study to facilitate students' learning of molecular geometry. The effects of imagery on human cognition were explained using Paivio's dual coding theory. A qualitative approach was employed in this study to explore matriculation students' views of using modified molecular model in learning molecular geometry. Data was collected using interview and observation, in which two students were purposively selected from two classes respectively. The findings revealed that modified molecular model enhanced students' understanding and memorisation, promote analytical thinking, challenging and need guidance from their lecturers. It implied that hands on and visualisation experience of working with modified molecular model promoted students' understanding in learning new and abstract topic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53587472,"asset_id":33561170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8211299,"first_name":"Wai Foong","last_name":"Lok","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaiFoongLok","display_name":"Wai Foong Lok","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaiFoongLok?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":1666284,"name":"Molecular Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Geometry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7750010" data-work_id="7750010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7750010/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones">A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7750010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones in excellent yields. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. <br /> <br /><a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0040403910002236/1-s2.0-S0040403910002236-main.pdf?_tid=013e0f90-0ca2-11e4-adb1-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1405485247_95c4bfab4e21d34438aee1832915d27f" rel="nofollow">http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0040403910002236/1-s2.0-S0040403910002236-main.pdf?_tid=013e0f90-0ca2-11e4-adb1-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1405485247_95c4bfab4e21d34438aee1832915d27f</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7750010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d7881b71aa85f812101e99edd5f9184" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34267560,"asset_id":7750010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34267560/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13958389" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim">Mohd Ali Hashim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13958389" type="text/json">{"id":13958389,"first_name":"Mohd Ali","last_name":"Hashim","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohdAliHashim","display_name":"Mohd Ali Hashim","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13958389/4018074/4690936/s65_mohd_ali.hashim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7750010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7750010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7750010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7750010", }); 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All rights reserved.\r\n\r\nhttp://ac.els-cdn.com/S0040403910002236/1-s2.0-S0040403910002236-main.pdf?_tid=013e0f90-0ca2-11e4-adb1-00000aab0f27\u0026acdnat=1405485247_95c4bfab4e21d34438aee1832915d27f ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34267560,"asset_id":7750010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13958389,"first_name":"Mohd Ali","last_name":"Hashim","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohdAliHashim","display_name":"Mohd Ali Hashim","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13958389/4018074/4690936/s65_mohd_ali.hashim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":53556,"name":"Preparation of Allylic and Propargylic Imidazole Derivatives and Their Enyne Metathesis Reactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preparation_of_Allylic_and_Propargylic_Imidazole_Derivatives_and_Their_Enyne_Metathesis_Reactions?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":55388,"name":"Organic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Synthesis?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":77006,"name":"CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_REACTION_ENGINEERING-OCTAVE_LEVENSPIEL?f_ri=484952"},{"id":148176,"name":"Atmospheric Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Pressure?f_ri=484952"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=484952"},{"id":481989,"name":"Room-Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Room-Temperature?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3169544" data-work_id="3169544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3169544/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones">A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3169544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones in excellent yields.The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones in excellent yields.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3169544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb28ca0014f895bec2a84e05af96778b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50427657,"asset_id":3169544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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AlNashef","profile_url":"https://king-saud.academia.edu/InasMAlNashef?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3169544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3169544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3169544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3169544", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3169544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3169544; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3169544"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3169544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3169544"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3169544; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3169544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3169544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3169544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3169544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies">Poverty Reduction Strategies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8620" type="text/json">{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid">Ionic Liquid</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16215" type="text/json">{"id":16215,"name":"Ionic Liquid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33003" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids">Ionic Liquids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33003" type="text/json">{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3169544]'), work: {"id":3169544,"title":"A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones","created_at":"2013-03-31T00:30:30.900-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3169544/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_3169544","summary":"The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones in excellent yields.The superoxide ion electrochemically generated by reduction of oxygen, or chemically generated by dissolving potassium superoxide in ionic liquids, reacts with alkyl imidazolium cations of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones in excellent yields.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50427657,"asset_id":3169544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2668362,"first_name":"Inas M.","last_name":"AlNashef","domain_name":"king-saud","page_name":"InasMAlNashef","display_name":"Inas M. AlNashef","profile_url":"https://king-saud.academia.edu/InasMAlNashef?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":16215,"name":"Ionic Liquid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":53556,"name":"Preparation of Allylic and Propargylic Imidazole Derivatives and Their Enyne Metathesis Reactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preparation_of_Allylic_and_Propargylic_Imidazole_Derivatives_and_Their_Enyne_Metathesis_Reactions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":55388,"name":"Organic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Synthesis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":148176,"name":"Atmospheric Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Pressure?f_ri=484952"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=484952"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=484952"},{"id":391252,"name":"Room Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Room_Temperature?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7871319" data-work_id="7871319" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7871319/Studies_on_fixed_bed_biosorption_and_elution_of_copper_using_polyvinyl_alcohol_immobilized_seaweed_biomass">Studies on fixed-bed biosorption and elution of copper using polyvinyl alcohol-immobilized seaweed biomass</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biosorption of copper by inactivated biomass of the brown marine alga Sargassum baccularia immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads was investigated. PVA-immobilized biomass beads were packed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed column and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7871319" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biosorption of copper by inactivated biomass of the brown marine alga Sargassum baccularia immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads was investigated. PVA-immobilized biomass beads were packed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed column and subjected to three consecutive cycles of copper loading and elution. Bound copper was eluted with solutions containing a range of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentrations. Up to 100% of the bound copper was consistently recovered from immobilized biomass using an aqueous solution containing 4mM EDTA in repeated loading/elution cycles. The PVA-immobilized biomass beads were shown to be robust and stable with little decrease in the copper uptake capacity under dynamic flow conditions. The excellent reusability of the new biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal removal technology. <br /> <br /><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10934529.2012.667287" rel="nofollow">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10934529.2012.667287</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7871319" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87c6722067383942a1d5b0be62bfb578" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34361561,"asset_id":7871319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34361561/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13958389" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim">Mohd Ali Hashim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13958389" type="text/json">{"id":13958389,"first_name":"Mohd Ali","last_name":"Hashim","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohdAliHashim","display_name":"Mohd Ali Hashim","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13958389/4018074/4690936/s65_mohd_ali.hashim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7871319 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7871319"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7871319, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7871319", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7871319]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7871319").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7871319").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7871319"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosorption">Biosorption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6304" type="text/json">{"id":6304,"name":"Biosorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosorption?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algae">Algae</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17575" type="text/json">{"id":17575,"name":"Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algae?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7871319]'), work: {"id":7871319,"title":"Studies on fixed-bed biosorption and elution of copper using polyvinyl alcohol-immobilized seaweed biomass","created_at":"2014-08-04T12:50:36.660-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7871319/Studies_on_fixed_bed_biosorption_and_elution_of_copper_using_polyvinyl_alcohol_immobilized_seaweed_biomass?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_7871319","summary":"Biosorption of copper by inactivated biomass of the brown marine alga Sargassum baccularia immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads was investigated. PVA-immobilized biomass beads were packed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed column and subjected to three consecutive cycles of copper loading and elution. Bound copper was eluted with solutions containing a range of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentrations. Up to 100% of the bound copper was consistently recovered from immobilized biomass using an aqueous solution containing 4mM EDTA in repeated loading/elution cycles. The PVA-immobilized biomass beads were shown to be robust and stable with little decrease in the copper uptake capacity under dynamic flow conditions. The excellent reusability of the new biosorbent could lead to the development of a viable metal removal technology.\r\n\r\nhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10934529.2012.667287 ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34361561,"asset_id":7871319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13958389,"first_name":"Mohd Ali","last_name":"Hashim","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohdAliHashim","display_name":"Mohd Ali Hashim","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohdAliHashim?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13958389/4018074/4690936/s65_mohd_ali.hashim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":6304,"name":"Biosorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosorption?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":17575,"name":"Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algae?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":31893,"name":"Industrial wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=484952"},{"id":35829,"name":"Aqueous Solutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Solutions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":36369,"name":"Human-Nonhuman Assemblages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Nonhuman_Assemblages?f_ri=484952"},{"id":56081,"name":"Seaweeds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seaweeds?f_ri=484952"},{"id":86719,"name":"Copper age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_age?f_ri=484952"},{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=484952"},{"id":162676,"name":"11th Class Economic Solutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/11th_Class_Economic_Solutions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":162979,"name":"Gradient elution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gradient_elution?f_ri=484952"},{"id":168701,"name":"Sorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sorption?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":273485,"name":"Biosorption of heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosorption_of_heavy_metals?f_ri=484952"},{"id":288313,"name":"Biosorption of water pollutants using biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosorption_of_water_pollutants_using_biomass?f_ri=484952"},{"id":389153,"name":"Polyvinyl alcohol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyvinyl_alcohol?f_ri=484952"},{"id":402810,"name":"Seaweed Sargassum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seaweed_Sargassum?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":611814,"name":"Correlation coefficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation_coefficient?f_ri=484952"},{"id":723149,"name":"Acetic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetic_Acid?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1223823,"name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollutants_Chemical?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1262360,"name":"Concentration (Parameters)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concentration_Parameters_?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1263998,"name":"Waste Disposal, Fluid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Disposal_Fluid?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1367945,"name":"Polyvinyl Alcohols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyvinyl_Alcohols?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1451595,"name":"Edetic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Edetic_Acid?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1451658,"name":"Flow Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Kinetics?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1452908,"name":"Sargassum Baccularia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sargassum_Baccularia?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1452936,"name":"Potato Virus A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potato_Virus_A?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1474748,"name":"Metal Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metal_Binding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8521769" data-work_id="8521769" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8521769/Molecular_Models_For_Fluids">Molecular Models For Fluids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8521769" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10327689" href="https://iare.academia.edu/SravankumarKota">Sravankumar Kota</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10327689" type="text/json">{"id":10327689,"first_name":"Sravankumar","last_name":"Kota","domain_name":"iare","page_name":"SravankumarKota","display_name":"Sravankumar Kota","profile_url":"https://iare.academia.edu/SravankumarKota?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8521769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8521769"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8521769, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8521769", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8521769 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8521769").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8521769"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2298" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics">Computational Fluid Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2298" type="text/json">{"id":2298,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16496" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Dynamics">Fluid Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16496" type="text/json">{"id":16496,"name":"Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="484952" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding">Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="484952" type="text/json">{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8521769]'), work: {"id":8521769,"title":"Molecular Models For Fluids","created_at":"2014-09-27T12:11:36.100-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8521769/Molecular_Models_For_Fluids?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_8521769","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10327689,"first_name":"Sravankumar","last_name":"Kota","domain_name":"iare","page_name":"SravankumarKota","display_name":"Sravankumar Kota","profile_url":"https://iare.academia.edu/SravankumarKota?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2298,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":16496,"name":"Fluid Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Dynamics?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8016431" data-work_id="8016431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8016431/Hexavalent_chromium_adsorption_on_impregnated_palm_shell_activated_carbon_with_polyethyleneimine">Hexavalent chromium adsorption on impregnated palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution was investigated using modified palm shell activated carbon. Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine (LMW PEI) was used for impregnation purpose. The maximum amount of LMW PEI adsorbed on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8016431" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution was investigated using modified palm shell activated carbon. Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine (LMW PEI) was used for impregnation purpose. The maximum amount of LMW PEI adsorbed on activated carbon was determined to be approximately 228.2 mg/g carbon. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system using potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 as the source of Cr(VI) in the synthetic waste water and modified palm shell activated carbon as the adsorbent. The effects of pH, concentration of Cr(VI) and PEI loaded on activated carbon were studied. The adsorption data were found to fit well with the Freundlich isotherm model. This modified Palm shell activated carbon showed high adsorption capacity for chromium ions. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. <br /> <br /><a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S096085241000221X/1-s2.0-S096085241000221X-main.pdf?_tid=f51c8916-2363-11e4-bb24-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1407987475_43bf713021931bbda2492ab1193f1a87" rel="nofollow">http://ac.els-cdn.com/S096085241000221X/1-s2.0-S096085241000221X-main.pdf?_tid=f51c8916-2363-11e4-bb24-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1407987475_43bf713021931bbda2492ab1193f1a87</a>  <br /><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096085241000221X" rel="nofollow">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096085241000221X</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8016431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4dd47d19bf7d49084c07c610e194068" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34478341,"asset_id":8016431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34478341/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15105238" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud">Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15105238" type="text/json">{"id":15105238,"first_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri","last_name":"Wan Daud","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"WanMohdAshriWanDaud","display_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15105238/4222326/4914483/s65_wan_mohd_ashri.wan_daud.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8016431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8016431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8016431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8016431", }); 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Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine (LMW PEI) was used for impregnation purpose. The maximum amount of LMW PEI adsorbed on activated carbon was determined to be approximately 228.2 mg/g carbon. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system using potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 as the source of Cr(VI) in the synthetic waste water and modified palm shell activated carbon as the adsorbent. The effects of pH, concentration of Cr(VI) and PEI loaded on activated carbon were studied. The adsorption data were found to fit well with the Freundlich isotherm model. This modified Palm shell activated carbon showed high adsorption capacity for chromium ions. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 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Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromium_Compounds?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1491513,"name":"Charcoal/*chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charcoal_chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1494589,"name":"Polyethyleneimine/*chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethyleneimine_chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1496704,"name":"Adsorption data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_data?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1496705,"name":"Freundlich isotherm model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freundlich_isotherm_model?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1496706,"name":"Low molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_molecular_weight?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1496710,"name":"Potassium Dichromate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium_Dichromate?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1496711,"name":"Oxygen/chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_chemistry?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1789645,"name":"Nanoscience and nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoscience_and_nanotechnology-1?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7966800" data-work_id="7966800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7966800/Carbon_modified_silica_based_adsorbent_for_potential_application">Carbon modified silica based adsorbent for potential application</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The carbon modified silica adsorbents were prepared by synthesizing and modifying zeolite Y type with activated carbon. This paper reports on effects of activated carbon loadings on the methane and nitrogen adsorption, structure and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7966800" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The carbon modified silica adsorbents were prepared by synthesizing and modifying zeolite Y type with activated carbon. This paper reports on effects of activated carbon loadings on the methane and nitrogen adsorption, structure and properties of carbon modified zeolite Y. With the increase in activated carbon loadings, the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the activated carbon loaded zeolite Y adsorbent decreased. The intensity of the diffraction patterns of zeolite Y decreased after the activated carbon was loaded. With increasing activated carbon loadings, the intensity of diffraction peaks decreased. Adsorption capacity of nitrogen (N2) was smaller than adsorption capacity of methane (CH4) by using activated carbon modified silica. When activated carbon loadings 30% wt.%, adsorption capacity of methane and nitrogen was 12.9317 wt.% and 12.6115 wt.%, these were caused by difference in molecular weight. The molecular weight of nitrogen is bigger than molecular weight of methane. © 2006 Springer. <br /> <br /><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-005-8795-5" rel="nofollow">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-005-8795-5</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7966800" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eae9464f5f569085c44f7c4d99390097" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34437967,"asset_id":7966800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34437967/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15105238" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud">Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15105238" type="text/json">{"id":15105238,"first_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri","last_name":"Wan Daud","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"WanMohdAshriWanDaud","display_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15105238/4222326/4914483/s65_wan_mohd_ashri.wan_daud.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7966800 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7966800"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7966800, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7966800", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7966800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7966800").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7966800").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7966800"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes">Carbon Nanotubes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10909" type="text/json">{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36020" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-ray_Diffraction">X-ray Diffraction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="36020" type="text/json">{"id":36020,"name":"X-ray Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-ray_Diffraction?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39753" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Carbon">Activated Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39753" type="text/json">{"id":39753,"name":"Activated Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Carbon?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_i_Adsorption_study_Removal_of_organic_and_inorganic_pollutants_by_inexpensive_adsorbents">(i) Adsorption study: Removal of organic and inorganic pollutants by inexpensive adsorbents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53380" type="text/json">{"id":53380,"name":"(i)\tAdsorption study: Removal of organic and inorganic pollutants by inexpensive adsorbents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_i_Adsorption_study_Removal_of_organic_and_inorganic_pollutants_by_inexpensive_adsorbents?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7966800]'), work: {"id":7966800,"title":"Carbon modified silica based adsorbent for potential application","created_at":"2014-08-13T18:56:32.154-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7966800/Carbon_modified_silica_based_adsorbent_for_potential_application?f_ri=484952","dom_id":"work_7966800","summary":"The carbon modified silica adsorbents were prepared by synthesizing and modifying zeolite Y type with activated carbon. This paper reports on effects of activated carbon loadings on the methane and nitrogen adsorption, structure and properties of carbon modified zeolite Y. With the increase in activated carbon loadings, the surface area, pore size and pore volume of the activated carbon loaded zeolite Y adsorbent decreased. The intensity of the diffraction patterns of zeolite Y decreased after the activated carbon was loaded. With increasing activated carbon loadings, the intensity of diffraction peaks decreased. Adsorption capacity of nitrogen (N2) was smaller than adsorption capacity of methane (CH4) by using activated carbon modified silica. When activated carbon loadings 30% wt.%, adsorption capacity of methane and nitrogen was 12.9317 wt.% and 12.6115 wt.%, these were caused by difference in molecular weight. The molecular weight of nitrogen is bigger than molecular weight of methane. © 2006 Springer.\r\n\r\nhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-005-8795-5 ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34437967,"asset_id":7966800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15105238,"first_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri","last_name":"Wan Daud","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"WanMohdAshriWanDaud","display_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15105238/4222326/4914483/s65_wan_mohd_ashri.wan_daud.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10909,"name":"Carbon Nanotubes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Nanotubes?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":36020,"name":"X-ray Diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-ray_Diffraction?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":39753,"name":"Activated Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Carbon?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":53380,"name":"(i)\tAdsorption study: Removal of organic and inorganic pollutants by inexpensive adsorbents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_i_Adsorption_study_Removal_of_organic_and_inorganic_pollutants_by_inexpensive_adsorbents?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":55388,"name":"Organic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Synthesis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":55543,"name":"Zeolites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zeolites?f_ri=484952"},{"id":62537,"name":"Porosity and Permeability in Reservoirs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porosity_and_Permeability_in_Reservoirs?f_ri=484952"},{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=484952"},{"id":144038,"name":"Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Characteristics?f_ri=484952"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=484952"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":331183,"name":"Orange Peel as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Reactie Dyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orange_Peel_as_an_Adsorbent_for_the_Removal_of_Reactie_Dyes?f_ri=484952"},{"id":460632,"name":"Synthesis of Fine Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_Fine_Chemicals?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"},{"id":528188,"name":"Morphology tuning and surface property tunning of Nanomaterials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology_tuning_and_surface_property_tunning_of_Nanomaterials?f_ri=484952"},{"id":607277,"name":"Synthesis of Zeolites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthesis_of_Zeolites?f_ri=484952"},{"id":834747,"name":"Adsorption Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_Kinetics?f_ri=484952"},{"id":857259,"name":"Low Molecular Weight Heparins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Molecular_Weight_Heparins?f_ri=484952"},{"id":925383,"name":"Priority Journal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Priority_Journal?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1023327,"name":"Utilization of cementitious industrial waste products (slag, fly ash, silica fume) and natural pozzolans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilization_of_cementitious_industrial_waste_products_slag_fly_ash_silica_fume_and_natural_pozzo?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1031069,"name":"Silicon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicon_Dioxide?f_ri=484952"},{"id":1439031,"name":"High Adsorption Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Adsorption_Capacity?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29362299" data-work_id="29362299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29362299/A_novel_method_for_the_synthesis_of_2_imidazolones">A novel method for the synthesis of 2-imidazolones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29362299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="748e56c5270c972dc87e2064f51d51e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49805588,"asset_id":29362299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49805588/download_file?st=MTczMjg1MTQ2OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase 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Mjali","profile_url":"https://squ.academia.edu/FMjali?f_ri=484952","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":8620,"name":"Poverty Reduction Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Reduction_Strategies?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":16215,"name":"Ionic Liquid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquid?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":33003,"name":"Ionic Liquids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Liquids?f_ri=484952","nofollow":false},{"id":53556,"name":"Preparation of Allylic and Propargylic Imidazole Derivatives and Their Enyne Metathesis Reactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preparation_of_Allylic_and_Propargylic_Imidazole_Derivatives_and_Their_Enyne_Metathesis_Reactions?f_ri=484952"},{"id":55388,"name":"Organic Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Synthesis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":148176,"name":"Atmospheric Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Pressure?f_ri=484952"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=484952"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=484952"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=484952"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=484952"},{"id":391252,"name":"Room Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Room_Temperature?f_ri=484952"},{"id":484952,"name":"Students perception of using Molecular models in teaching Chemical structure and bonding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perception_of_using_Molecular_models_in_teaching_Chemical_structure_and_bonding?f_ri=484952"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17832526 coauthored" data-work_id="17832526" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17832526/Hexavalent_chromium_adsorption_on_impregnated_palm_shell_activated_carbon_with_polyethyleneimine">Hexavalent chromium adsorption on impregnated palm shell activated carbon with polyethyleneimine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/MojdehOwlad">Mojdeh Owlad</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17832526'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17832526').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17832526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17832526"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17832526, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17832526", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17832526 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7549552" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, a novel continuous reactor has been developed to produce high quality methyl esters (biodiesel) from palm oil. A microporous TiO2/Al2O3 membrane was packed with potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst amount and cross flow circulation velocity on the production of biodiesel in the packed bed membrane reactor. The highest conversion of palm oil to biodiesel in the reactor was obtained at 70°C employing 157.04g catalyst per unit volume of the reactor and 0.21cm/s cross flow circulation velocity. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and compared with the standard specifications. High quality palm oil biodiesel was produced by combination of heterogeneous alkali transesterification and separation processes in the packed bed membrane reactor. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. <br /> <br /><a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960852410014574/1-s2.0-S0960852410014574-main.pdf?_tid=74bcbdf2-025e-11e4-8ea3-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1404356723_f959262287254ffe4bce3abeee7084d9" rel="nofollow">http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0960852410014574/1-s2.0-S0960852410014574-main.pdf?_tid=74bcbdf2-025e-11e4-8ea3-00000aab0f27&acdnat=1404356723_f959262287254ffe4bce3abeee7084d9</a>  <br /><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410014574" rel="nofollow">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852410014574</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7549552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13512393" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/NikMeriamNikSulaiman">Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13512393" type="text/json">{"id":13512393,"first_name":"Nik Meriam","last_name":"Nik Sulaiman","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"NikMeriamNikSulaiman","display_name":"Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/NikMeriamNikSulaiman?f_ri=484952","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13512393/3808082/4456809/s65_nik_meriam.nik_sulaiman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7549552 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7549552"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7549552, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7549552", }); 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