CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Capital city - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"26c40647-0f6f-45a3-8e0c-a6fd2ade5f57","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Capital_city","wgTitle":"Capital city","wgCurRevisionId":1277903035,"wgRevisionId":1277903035,"wgArticleId":181337, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Capital_city","wgRelevantArticleId":181337,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Capital_(political)","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1277903035,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true} ,"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Capital_city","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr", "autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{ "lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"syl","autonym":"ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay", "az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os", "pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","syl","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5119","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready" ,"ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/1200px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="639"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/800px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/640px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="341"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Capital city - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Capital_city rootpage-Capital_city stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Capital+city" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Capital+city" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Capital city</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Capital_city" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Capital_city" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Capital+city" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_(political)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital (political)</a>) <div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--inline cdx-message--notice mw-fr-mobile-message-inline"><div class="cdx-message__content">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Capital_city">reviewed</a> on 27 February 2025.</div></div></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Capital cities" redirects here. For the capital city of a county, see <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Capital_City_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Capital City (disambiguation)">Capital City (disambiguation)</a>.</div> A capital city, or just capital, is the <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> holding primary status in a <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_(administrative_division)" title="Department (administrative division)">department</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">subnational division</a>, usually as its <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of the government</a>. A capital is typically a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>. In some <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a>, including several countries, different branches of government are in different settlements, sometimes meaning multiple official capitals. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (<a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitutional</a>) capital and the seat of government, which is in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_multiple_capitals" title="List of countries with multiple capitals">another place</a>. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/300px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/450px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg/600px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1364"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most populous metropolitan area</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-language</a> news media often use the name of the capital city as an alternative name for the government of the country of which it is the capital, as a form of <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>. For example, the "relations between <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>" refers to the "<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">relations between the United Kingdom and the United States</a>".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Terminology_and_etymology">1 Terminology and etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Origins">2 Origins</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Modern_capitals">3 Modern capitals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Planned_capitals">4 Planned capitals</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Compromise_locations">4.1 Compromise locations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Unusual_capital_city_arrangements">5 Unusual capital city arrangements</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Capitals_that_are_not_the_seat_of_government">5.1 Capitals that are not the seat of government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Disputed_capitals">5.2 Disputed capitals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Capital_as_symbol">6 Capital as symbol</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Capitals_in_military_strategy">7 Capitals in military strategy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Terminology_and_etymology">Terminology and etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology and etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg/220px-Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg/220px-Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg/330px-Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg/440px-Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, acquired the nickname of <a href="/wiki/Caput_Mundi" title="Caput Mundi">Caput Mundi</a> ("Capital of the world").</figcaption></figure> The word capital derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word caput (genitive capitis), meaning '<a href="/wiki/Head" title="Head">head</a>', later borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> capitālis ('of the head').<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> phrase <a href="/wiki/Caput_Mundi" title="Caput Mundi">Roma Caput Mundi</a> meaning 'Rome capital of the world' (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'head of the world') was already used by the poet <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> in <a href="/wiki/1st_century_BC" title="1st century BC">1st century BC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It originates out of a <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical European</a> understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumene" title="Ecumene">known world</a>: <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Asia">Southwest Asia</a>. The phrase is related to the enduring power of the city first as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>, and later as the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In several English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Constituent_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent state">states</a>, the terms <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> are also used in lower <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a>. In some <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary states</a>, subnational capitals may be known as 'administrative centres'. The capital is often the largest city of its constituent, though <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_whose_capital_is_not_their_largest_city" title="List of countries whose capital is not their largest city">not always</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg/220px-The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4092" data-file-height="2046"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 110px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg/220px-The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="110" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg/330px-The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg/440px-The_Forbidden_City_-_View_from_Coal_Hill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, as the last of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, has served as the country's political centre for most of the past eight centuries.</figcaption></figure> Historically, the major economic centre of a state or region has often become the focal point of political power, and became a capital through <a href="/wiki/Conquest_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest (military)">conquest</a> or <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Historical examples are <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">ancient Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">ancient Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad#History" title="Baghdad">Abbasid Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">ancient Cusco</a>. The modern capital city has not always existed: in medieval Western Europe, an <a href="/wiki/Itinerant_court" title="Itinerant court">itinerant (wandering) government</a> was common.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The capital city attracts politically motivated people and those whose skills are needed for efficient <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administration</a> of national or imperial governments, such as <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">bankers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_policy_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public policy (law)">public policy makers</a>. Some of these cities are or were also <a href="/wiki/Holy_city" title="Holy city">religious centres</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> e.g. <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (more than one religion), <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (more than one religion), Babylon, Moscow (the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>), Belgrade (the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>), Paris, and Beijing. In some countries, the capital has been changed for <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> reasons; <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>'s first city, <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, which had served as the country's capital since the Middle Ages under the Swedish rule, lost its position during the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a> in 1812, when <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> was made the current capital of Finland by the Russian Empire.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The convergence of political and economic or cultural power is by no means universal. Traditional capitals may be economically eclipsed by provincial rivals as is the case with <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/US_state_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="US state capitals">US state capitals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">decline</a> of a dynasty or culture could also mean the extinction of its capital city, as occurred at Babylon<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>. "Political nomadism" was practiced in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a> to increase ties between the ruler and the subjects.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Although many capitals are defined by constitution or legislation, many long-time capitals have no such legal designation, including <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They are recognized as capitals as a matter of convention, and because all or almost all the country's central political institutions, such as government departments, supreme court, legislature, embassies, etc., are located in or near them. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Modern_capitals">Modern capitals</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern capitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7888" data-file-height="5259"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg/220px-Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg/330px-Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg/440px-Palace_of_Westminster_from_the_dome_on_Methodist_Central_Hall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and the largest <a href="/wiki/London_metropolitan_area" title="London metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques,_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg/220px-La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2870"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg/220px-La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg/330px-La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg/440px-La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques%2C_Paris_ao%C3%BBt_2014_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and the largest metropolitan area in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg/220px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2499" data-file-height="1406"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg/220px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg/330px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg/440px-Saint_Basil%27s_Cathedral_and_the_Red_Square.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and the former capital of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></figcaption></figure> Many modern capital cities are located near the centre of the country, so that they are more accessible to its population and have better protection from possible invasions. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951">(See also <a href="#Capitals_in_military_strategy">§ Capitals in military strategy</a>) The location may also be based on a compromise between two or more cities or other political divisions, historical reasons, or enough land was needed to deliberately build a new <a href="/wiki/Planned_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned city">planned city</a> for the capital.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The majority of national capitals are also the largest city in their respective countries. Modern examples are <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> have historic county towns, which are often not the largest settlement within the county and often are no longer administrative centres, as many historical counties are now only ceremonial, and administrative boundaries are different. The number of new capitals in the world increased substantially since the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> period, especially with the founding of independent nation-states since the eighteenth century.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, there is a <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">federal capital</a>, while the ten <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Canada">provinces</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Canada#Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Territories of Canada">territories</a> each have capital cities. The states of such countries as <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (including the famous cities of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, capitals of their respective states), and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> also each have capital cities. For example, the six state capitals of Australia are <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>. In Australia, the term "capital cities" is regularly used to refer to those six state capitals plus the federal capital <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> is the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Emirate of Abu Dhabi</a> and also of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> overall. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a>, each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federations</a>, there is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city of one constituent nation will also be the capital of the state overall, such as <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, which is the capital of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and of the United Kingdom. Similarly, each of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">regions of Italy</a> has a capital city, such as <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a> as a whole and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and of the region of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>, each of its constituent <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">states</a> (or <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Länder</a>, plural of Land) has its own capital city, such as <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, as do all of the republics of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. The national capitals of Germany and Russia (the <a href="/wiki/City-state#Non-sovereign_city-states" title="City-state">Stadtstaat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">federal city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>) are also constituent states of both countries in their own right. Each of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">states of Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">cantons of Switzerland</a> also have their own capital cities. <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, the national capital of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, is also one of the states, while <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> is the (de facto) capital of both <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Canton of Bern</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Planned_capitals">Planned capitals</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Planned capitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27Enfant_plan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/L%27Enfant_plan.svg/220px-L%27Enfant_plan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="3093"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/L%27Enfant_plan.svg/220px-L%27Enfant_plan.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/L%27Enfant_plan.svg/330px-L%27Enfant_plan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/L%27Enfant_plan.svg/440px-L%27Enfant_plan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nusantara,_June_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png/220px-Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="651"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 105px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png/220px-Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png" data-width="220" data-height="105" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png/330px-Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png/440px-Nusantara%2C_June_2024.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The construction process of the future capital city of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(city)" title="Nusantara (city)">city of Nusantara</a>, is currently underway. </figcaption></figure> Governing entities sometimes plan, design and build new capital cities to house the seat of government of a <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a> or of a subdivision. Deliberately <a href="/wiki/List_of_purpose-built_national_capitals" title="List of purpose-built national capitals">planned and designed capitals</a> include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, Nigeria (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a>, Brazil (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> (1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a>, Belize (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>, Brazil (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, India (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Roraima" title="Boa Vista, Roraima">Boa Vista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a>, Brazil (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, India (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> (1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort, Kentucky</a>, US (1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A2nia" title="Goiânia">Goiânia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a>, Brazil (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a> (Nova Lisboa), <a href="/wiki/Huambo" title="Huambo">Huambo</a>, Angola (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, US (1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, Pakistan (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City, Missouri</a>, US (1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden-Durlach">Baden-Durlach</a> (1715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires Province</a>, Argentina (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naya_Raipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naya Raipur">Nava Raipur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Atal_Nagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Atal Nagar">Atal Nagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, India (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(proposed_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (proposed city)">Nusantara</a>, Indonesia (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, US (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmas,_Tocantins" title="Palmas, Tocantins">Palmas, Tocantins</a>, Brazil (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>, Malaysia (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Philippines (1948–76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, US (1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, Korea (1394)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a> (1428–1459)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> (1306–1335)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresina" title="Teresina">Teresina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, Brazil (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta (1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing New Village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantou_County" title="Nantou County">Nantou County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a>, Rep. of China (1956)</li></ul></div> These cities satisfy one or both of the following criteria: <ol><li>A deliberately <a href="/wiki/Planned_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned city">planned city</a> that was built expressly to house the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a>, superseding a capital city that was in an established <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">population center</a>. There have been various reasons for this, including overcrowding in that major metropolitan area, and the desire to place the capital city in a location with a better climate (usually a less tropical one).</li> <li>A town that was chosen as a compromise among two or more cities (or other political divisions), none of which was willing to concede to the other(s) the privilege of being the capital city. Usually, the new capital is geographically located roughly equidistant between the competing population centres.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compromise_locations">Compromise locations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compromise locations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliamenthouse2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parliamenthouse2.jpg/220px-Parliamenthouse2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="207"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 95px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parliamenthouse2.jpg/220px-Parliamenthouse2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="95" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parliamenthouse2.jpg/330px-Parliamenthouse2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parliamenthouse2.jpg/440px-Parliamenthouse2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Parliament">Australian Parliament</a> opened in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> in 1927 as a compromise between the largest cities, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>.</figcaption></figure> Some examples of the second situation (compromise locations) are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia, chosen as a compromise location between Melbourne and Sydney.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States, founded as a compromise between more urbanized <a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern states</a> and agrarian <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a><a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states"> slave states</a> to share national power. The <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1790" title="Compromise of 1790">Compromise of 1790</a>, resulted in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a>, which approved the creation of a national capital on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> on land ceded from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crew124-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort, Kentucky</a>, midway between <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Ontario, Canada, along the boundary between the two former colonies that formed the core of pre-<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> Canada—primarily English-speaking <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> and primarily French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a>. Today, this border separates the two most populous of Canada's ten modern provinces, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a>, chosen as the midpoint between <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, Florida – then the two largest cities in Florida.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital city of New Zealand</a> in 1865. It lies at the southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> of New Zealand, the smaller of New Zealand's two main islands (which subsequently became the more populous island)<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> immediately across <a href="/wiki/Cook_Strait" title="Cook Strait">Cook Strait</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>. The previous capital, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, lies much further north in the North Island; the move followed a long argument for a more central location for parliament.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, Nicaragua, chosen to appease rivals in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="León (Nicaragua)">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Granada_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada (Nicaragua)">Granada</a>, which also were associated with the liberal and conservative political factions respectively</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City, Missouri</a> was selected as the state capital in 1821, the year after Missouri was admitted to the Union, due to its central location within the state. It is almost halfway between Missouri's two largest cities, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> in the east, although Kansas City was not incorporated until 1850.</li></ul> Changes in a nation's political regime sometimes result in the designation of a new capital. <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Akmola</a> (renamed Astana in 1998) became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> in 1997, following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991. <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>'s interior as the former capital, <a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>, was claimed to be overcrowded.<a href="#cite_note-pedrosa-18">[18]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Unusual_capital_city_arrangements">Unusual capital city arrangements</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Unusual capital city arrangements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_multiple_capitals" title="List of countries with multiple capitals">List of countries with multiple capitals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesgericht-VD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bundesgericht-VD.jpg/220px-Bundesgericht-VD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bundesgericht-VD.jpg/220px-Bundesgericht-VD.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bundesgericht-VD.jpg/330px-Bundesgericht-VD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bundesgericht-VD.jpg/440px-Bundesgericht-VD.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a>, the seat of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>'s judiciary, is in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, although the executive and legislature are located in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg/220px-Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg/220px-Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg/330px-Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg/440px-Parliament_House_Singapore.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Singapore" title="Parliament House, Singapore">Parliament House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>; as a <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a>, Singapore requires no specific capital.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5,_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%2C_%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Palace" title="Blue Palace">Blue Palace</a>, the official residence of <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>'s president, is in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>, although the executive and legislature are located in <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>.</figcaption></figure> A few nation-states have multiple capitals, and there are also several states that have no capital. Some have a city as the capital but with most government agencies elsewhere. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">ghost town</a> which is currently the <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> capital of a territory: <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Montserrat" title="Plymouth, Montserrat">Plymouth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a> was designated the national capital of the then <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a> in 1971, but most government offices and embassies are still located in <a href="/wiki/Belize_City" title="Belize City">Belize City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>): Until 1927, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canary_Islands" title="Province of Canary Islands">Province of Canarias</a> was <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>. When the Canary Islands became an autonomous community in 1982, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a> were both given capital status.<a href="#cite_note-repetida_3-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-repetida_1-20">[20]</a> There is currently a balance of institutions between the two capitals; the Canary Islands is the only autonomous community in Spain which has two capitals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> is the capital even though the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress of Chile</a> meets in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> is the capital city, however the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic">Constitutional Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Supreme Court of the Czech Republic">Supreme Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Administrative_Court_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic">Supreme Administrative Court</a> are all located in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Research_(Estonia)" title="Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia)">Ministry of Education and Research</a> are located in <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: The French constitution does not recognize any capital city in France. By law<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> is the seat of both houses of Parliament (the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">Senate</a>), but their joint congresses are held at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>. In case of emergency, the seat of the constitutional powers can be transferred to another town, in order for the Houses of Parliament to sit in the same location as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">Cabinet</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: The official capital <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> is home to the parliament and the highest bodies of the executive branch (consisting of the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">presidency</a> and effective <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">chancellery</a>). Various ministries are located in the former <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, which now has the title "<a href="/wiki/Federal_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal City">Federal City</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitutional Court of Germany">Federal Constitutional Court</a> has its seat in <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> which, as a consequence, is sometimes called Germany's "judicial capital"; none of Germany's highest judicial organs are located in Berlin. Various German government agencies are located in other parts of Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> is the de jure capital of the state until 2024, while <a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a> is the de facto seat of government since 2014. The Governor of Andhra Pradesh has his official residence in <a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> is the administrative and legislative capital, while the high court (judiciary capital) is located in <a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a>. The proposed future capital is <a href="/wiki/Naya_Raipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naya Raipur">Nava Raipur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> serves as the summer capital of the state while <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> is the winter capital. Every six months, the entire state machinery <a href="/wiki/Darbar_Move" title="Darbar Move">shifts</a> from one city to another.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> is the administrative and legislative capital of the state, while the high court is located in <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> is the primary capital city. <a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a>, which is also the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a>, is the second winter capital of the state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a> is the administrative and legislative capital of the state, while the high court is located in <a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>: Both states share <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> as their capital city. The city itself is administered as a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> is the administrative and legislative capital of the state, while the high court is located in <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a> is the administrative and legislative capital of the state, while the high court is located in <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> is the administrative and legislative capital, while the high court is located in <a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a>. The proposed future capital is <a href="/wiki/Gairsain" title="Gairsain">Gairsain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kargil_district" title="Kargil district">Kargil</a> serve as joint capitals of the Union Territory.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> remains as the capital and seat of the government's branches, but many government agencies have moved to <a href="/wiki/Sejong_City" title="Sejong City">Sejong City</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">constitutional</a> capital, home of the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">King</a>, and seat of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a>, but the federal administrative centre and judiciary have been moved 30 kilometres (19 mi) south to <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> are <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a>, and thus do not contain any distinct capital city as a whole. However, in Singapore's case, the main judiciary and legislative offices are located in the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Core" title="Downtown Core">Downtown Core</a>. Similarly, while <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Hong_Kong" title="Victoria, Hong Kong">Victoria</a> was the capital of colonial Hong Kong, the heart of old Victoria, now known as <a href="/wiki/Central,_Hong_Kong" title="Central, Hong Kong">Central</a>, serves as the seat of government offices today. Vatican City, however, is the <a href="/wiki/Holy_city" title="Holy city">religious centre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> and houses the offices and departments of <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which serves as the government of both the city-state and worldwide Catholic Church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>: The official capital <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> is home to the parliament and the executive, but the seat of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">presidency</a> is in the former royal capital of <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>): <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> was designated the national capital in 2005, the same year it was founded, but most government offices and embassies are still located in <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>: Nauru, a <a href="/wiki/Microstate" title="Microstate">microstate</a> of only 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi), has no distinct capital city, but has a capital district instead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: <ul><li>National capital: Presidential Decree No. 940, issued on 24 June 1976, designates the whole of <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">National Capital Region</a> (NCR) or Metro Manila as the seat of government, with the <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">City of Manila</a> as the country's capital.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Some national government institutions and agencies are located within the Manila capital city, while others are scattered on other parts of the metropolitan area. The presidential palace (<a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>, serving as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a> are located within the capital city while the two houses of Congress are located outside the capital Manila but within the metropolis of the same name.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imus" title="Imus">Imus</a> is designated as the provincial capital, while government offices are in <a href="/wiki/Trece_Martires" title="Trece Martires">Trece Martires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <ul><li>National capital: the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">Portuguese constitution</a> has no reference to a capital. Although <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Portugal)" title="Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)">Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President</a>'s and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister</a>'s official residences, all the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Government">Government</a>'s departments, all the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Portugal" title="List of diplomatic missions in Portugal">embassies</a> and the highest courts, no Portuguese official document states that Lisbon is the national capital.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>: since the establishment of local autonomy in 1976, the Azores has three designated regional capital cities: <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a> at <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Island" title="São Miguel Island">São Miguel Island</a> (seat of the <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_Government_of_the_Azores" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of the Government of the Azores">Autonomous Government</a>); <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a> at <a href="/wiki/Faial_Island" title="Faial Island">Faial Island</a> (seat of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Azores" title="Legislative Assembly of the Azores">Legislative Assembly</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Terceira_Island" title="Terceira Island">Terceira Island</a> (seat of the judiciary and the historical capital of the Azores, in addition to being the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Angra" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra">Roman Catholic Diocese of Angra</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a> is designated the administrative capital and the location of the parliament, while the former capital, <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, is now designated as the "commercial capital".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> However, many government offices are still located in Colombo. Both cities are in the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_District" title="Colombo District">Colombo District</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>: The administrative capital is <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, the legislative capital is <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, and the judicial capital is <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>. This is the outcome of the compromise that created the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> in 1910. Despite Bloemfontein's status as the judicial capital, the country's highest court, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa" title="Constitutional Court of South Africa">Constitutional Court of South Africa</a>, sits in its largest city, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal City">Federal City</a> of Switzerland and functions as de facto capital. However, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Swiss Supreme Court</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> which is also the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">Olympic Capital</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Canton of Zürich</a>: <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> is the de facto capital of the canton, but the cantonal constitution makes no mention of a capital city.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> was designated the national capital in 1996, but some of the government offices and almost all embassies are still located in <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>: The state executive and legislative branches and most government agencies are based in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a> but the <a href="/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="California Supreme Court">California Supreme Court</a> is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> with secondary meeting places in Sacramento and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>: <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a> has the seats of the branches of state government and serves as the official state capital. However various Illinois government officials primarily reside in or are primarily active in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INN-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gauen-31">[31]</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois#Capital_city" title="Government of Illinois">Government of Illinois § Capital city</a> for a further explanation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>: The state executive and legislative branches and most government agencies are based in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Supreme_Court" title="Louisiana Supreme Court">Louisiana Supreme Court</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>: The state capital and government are headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, but many officials are mostly active in or live in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>: The state capital is <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a> but each one of the state Supreme Court and its two appellate courts holds hearings in the three cities of Harrisburg, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>. Also, most statewide elected officials and officers who are based in Southeast Pennsylvania (City of Philadelphia, <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Montgomery County, Pennsylvania">Montgomery County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Delaware County, Pennsylvania">Delaware County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester County</a>) prefer working mostly in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitals_that_are_not_the_seat_of_government">Capitals that are not the seat of government</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Capitals that are not the seat of government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are several countries where, for various reasons, the official capital and <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of government</a> are separated: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a> is the official capital, but <a href="/wiki/Cotonou" title="Cotonou">Cotonou</a> is the seat of government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bolivia" title="Constitution of Bolivia">constitutional</a> capital, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Tribunal_of_Justice_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Bolivia)">supreme tribunal of justice</a> is located in Sucre, making it the judicial capital. The <a href="/wiki/Palacio_Quemado" title="Palacio Quemado">Palacio Quemado</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Legislative_Assembly" title="Plurinational Legislative Assembly">national congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plurinational_Electoral_Organ" title="Plurinational Electoral Organ">national electoral court</a> are located in <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, making it the seat of government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a> was designated the national capital in 1983, but most government offices and embassies are still located in <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> is the constitutional national capital even though the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Dutch government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Raad_der_Nederlanden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoge Raad der Nederlanden">supreme court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State of the Netherlands">Council of State</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Noordeinde_Palace" title="Noordeinde Palace">work palace</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">King</a> are all located in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, as are all the <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">embassies</a>. (For more details see: <a href="/wiki/Capital_of_the_Netherlands" title="Capital of the Netherlands">Capital of the Netherlands</a>.)</li></ul> Some historical examples of similar arrangements, where the recognized capital was not the official seat of government: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>: The traditional capital was the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, outside of the boundaries of the City of London, was the seat of government. They are both today part of the urban core of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>: The traditional capital was <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, though from 1682 to 1789 the seat of government was at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, located in a rural area southwest of Paris.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disputed_capitals">Disputed capitals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Disputed capitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, "the last divided capital",<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> is divided in two by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Buffer_Zone_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus">United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus</a> (Green Line). Both the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cyprus">Republic of Cyprus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> which has de facto control of the south, and the largely unrecognized <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus">Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> which has de facto control of <a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, claim the entire city as their capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>: Both the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Government of Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> claim <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> as their capital. Jerusalem serves as Israel's capital, with the presidential residence, government offices, supreme court and parliament (<a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>) located there, while the Palestinian Authority has no de facto or de jure control over any of Jerusalem. Many countries, with the notable exception of the United States, which recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> take <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">the position that the final status of Jerusalem</a> is unsettled pending future <a href="/wiki/Israeli-Palestinian_negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli-Palestinian negotiations">negotiations</a>. Most countries maintain their <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Israel" title="List of diplomatic missions in Israel">diplomatic missions to Israel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, while <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">diplomatic missions to Palestine</a> are in various places such as <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Capital_as_symbol">Capital as symbol</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Capital as symbol" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Mariehamn,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg/220px-View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="611"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 121px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg/220px-View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="121" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg/330px-View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg/440px-View_of_Mariehamn%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a>, capital city of <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Demilitarized" class="mw-redirect" title="Demilitarized">demilitarized</a> archipelago with <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a></figcaption></figure> With the rise of the modern <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation-state</a>, the capital city has become a <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbol</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>, and imbued with political meaning. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> capitals, which were declared wherever a <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> held his or her court, the selection, relocation, founding, or capture of a modern capital city is a highly symbolic event. For example: <ul><li>The ruined and almost uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> was made capital of <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Greece">newly independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> in 1834, four years after the country gained its independence, with the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> notion of reviving the glory of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Similarly, following the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> once again became the capital of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Other restored capital cities include <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>.</li> <li>A symbolic relocation of a capital city to a geographically or demographically peripheral location may be for either <a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">economic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_geography" title="Military geography">strategic</a> reasons (sometimes known as a forward capital or spearhead capital). <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> moved his government from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> to give the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> a <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> orientation.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The economically significant city of <a href="/wiki/Nafplion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nafplion">Nafplion</a> became the first capital of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, when Athens was an unimportant village.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> emperors moved their capital to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> from the more central <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> to help supervise the border with the Mongols. During the 1857 rebellion, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian rebels</a> considered <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> their capital, and <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a> was proclaimed emperor, but the ruling <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British</a> had their capital in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>. In 1877, the British formally held a '<a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar" title="Delhi Durbar">Durbar</a>' in Delhi, proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> as '<a href="/wiki/Empress_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress of India">Empress of India</a>'. Delhi finally became the colonial capital after the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Durbar" title="Delhi Durbar">Coronation Durbar</a> of King-Emperor <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in 1911, continuing as independent India's capital from 1947. Other examples include <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a>.</li> <li>The selection or founding of a "neutral" capital city, one unencumbered by regional or political identities, was meant to represent the unity of a new state when <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> became capital cities. Sometimes, the location of a new capital city was chosen to terminate actual or potential squabbling between various entities, such as in the cases of Brasília, Canberra, Ottawa, Washington, Wellington and <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>.</li> <li>The British-built town of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> represented a simultaneous break and continuity with the past, the location of Delhi being where many imperial capitals were built (Indraprastha, Dhillika, and Shahjahanabad) but the actual capital being the new British-built town designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a>. Wellington, on the southwestern tip of the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> of New Zealand, replaced the much more northerly city of <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> to place the national capital close to the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> and hence to placate its residents, many of whom had sympathies with separatism.</li> <li>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, tremendous resources were expended to defend Washington, D.C., which bordered on the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Commonwealth of Virginia</a>), from Confederate attack even though the relatively small federal government could easily have been moved elsewhere. Likewise, great resources were expended by the Confederacy in defending the Confederate capital from attack by the Union, in its exposed location of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, Virginia, barely 100 miles (160 km) south of Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Two national capitals refer to another sovereign state. The name of <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, is thought to be derived from Taani linn, originally meaning "Danish Castle" and now "Danish Town" in <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, named after the <a href="/wiki/Toompea_Castle" title="Toompea Castle">Toompea Castle</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> controlled in 1219–1227, 1238–1332 and in 1340–1346.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, was named so in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> by the first settlers from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_capital_city_name_etymologies" title="List of national capital city name etymologies">List of national capital city name etymologies</a> for more.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Capitals_in_military_strategy">Capitals in military strategy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Capitals in military strategy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg/220px-Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1595"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg/220px-Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg/330px-Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg/440px-Fall-of-constantinople-22.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, was the final part of the empire to fall to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a> due to its strong defences.</figcaption></figure> The capital city is usually but not always a primary target in a war, as capturing it usually guarantees capture of much of the enemy government, victory for the attacking forces, or at the very least demoralization for the defeated forces. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">ancient China</a>, where governments were massive centralized bureaucracies with little flexibility on the provincial level, a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Dynasties">dynasty</a> could easily be toppled with the fall of its capital. In the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period, both <a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Shu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wu" title="Eastern Wu">Wu</a> fell when their respective capitals of <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jianye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianye District">Jianye</a> fell. The <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> relocated its capital from <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, where they could more effectively control the generals and troops guarding the borders from <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a>. The Ming was destroyed when <a href="/wiki/Li_Zicheng" title="Li Zicheng">Li Zicheng</a> took their seat of power, and this pattern repeats itself in Chinese history, until the fall of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Confucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian">Confucian</a> monarchy in the 20th century. After the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>'s collapse, decentralization of authority and improved transportation and communication technologies allowed both the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalists">Chinese Nationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communists" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communists">Chinese Communists</a> to rapidly relocate capitals and keep their leadership structures intact during the great crisis of <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion</a>. National capitals were arguably less important as military objectives in other parts of the world, including the West, because of socioeconomic trends toward localized authority, a strategic modus operandi especially popular after the development of <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> and reaffirmed by the development of democratic and capitalistic philosophies. In 1204, after the Latin <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Crusaders</a> captured the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> capital, <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, Byzantine forces were able to regroup in several provinces; provincial noblemen managed to reconquer the capital after 60 years and preserve the empire for another 200 years after that. The <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> forces sacked various <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> capitals repeatedly during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, but American forces could still carry on fighting from the countryside, where they enjoyed support from local governments and the traditionally independent civilian frontiersmen. Exceptions to these generalizations include highly centralized states such as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, whose centralized bureaucracies could effectively coordinate far-flung resources, giving the state a powerful advantage over less coherent rivals, but risking utter ruin if the capital were taken. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_region" title="Capital region">Capital region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_capitals" title="Lists of capitals">Lists of capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_whose_capital_is_not_their_largest_city" title="List of countries whose capital is not their largest city">List of countries whose capital is not their largest city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_multiple_capitals" title="List of countries with multiple capitals">List of countries with multiple capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">Primate city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">Temporary capital</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Daum" title="Andreas Daum">Andreas Daum</a>, "Capitals in Modern History: Inventing Urban Spaces for the Nation", in Berlin – Washington, 1800–2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities, ed. Andreas Daum and Christof Mauch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 3–28.</li> <li>Capital Cities: International Perspectives – Les capitales: Perspectives internationales, ed. John Taylor, Jean G. Lengellé and Caroline Andrew. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1993, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-8496-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-8496-9">978-0-7735-8496-9</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPantherThornburgBarcelona2009" class="citation book cs1">Panther, Klaus-Uwe; Thornburg, Linda L.; Barcelona, Antonio (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94hH2u4rQVUC&pg=PA230">Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar</a>. John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2379-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-2379-1"><bdi>978-90-272-2379-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403180244/https://books.google.com/books?id=94hH2u4rQVUC&pg=PA230">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metonymy+and+Metaphor+in+Grammar&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-272-2379-1&rft.aulast=Panther&rft.aufirst=Klaus-Uwe&rft.au=Thornburg%2C+Linda+L.&rft.au=Barcelona%2C+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D94hH2u4rQVUC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capital">"Definition of CAPITAL"</a>. www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+CAPITAL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcapital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvidius_Naso2003" class="citation book cs1">Ovidius Naso, Publius (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qnZIGZV5kRgC">Amores</a>. Translated by Bishop, Tom. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415967414" title="Special:BookSources/0415967414"><bdi>0415967414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amores&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0415967414&rft.aulast=Ovidius+Naso&rft.aufirst=Publius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqnZIGZV5kRgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeretta2017" class="citation book cs1">Beretta, Silvio (2017). Understanding China Today: An Exploration of Politics, Economics, Society, and International Relations. Springer. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319296258" title="Special:BookSources/9783319296258"><bdi>9783319296258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+China+Today%3A+An+Exploration+of+Politics%2C+Economics%2C+Society%2C+and+International+Relations&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319296258&rft.aulast=Beretta&rft.aufirst=Silvio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Bahr2009" class="citation book cs1">B. Bahr, Ann Marie (2009). Christianity: Religions of the World. Infobase Publishing. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438106397" title="Special:BookSources/9781438106397"><bdi>9781438106397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity%3A+Religions+of+the+World&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438106397&rft.aulast=B.+Bahr&rft.aufirst=Ann+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._D'Agostino2005" class="citation book cs1">R. D'Agostino, Peter (2005). Rome in America: Transnational Catholic Ideology from the Risorgimento to Fascism. Univ of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807863411" title="Special:BookSources/9780807863411"><bdi>9780807863411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+in+America%3A+Transnational+Catholic+Ideology+from+the+Risorgimento+to+Fascism&rft.pub=Univ+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780807863411&rft.aulast=R.+D%27Agostino&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kinooze.com/what-does-a-capital-city-mean/">"What does a Capital City Mean?"</a>. 5 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170531161615/http://kinooze.com/what-does-a-capital-city-mean/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+a+Capital+City+Mean%3F&rft.date=2012-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkinooze.com%2Fwhat-does-a-capital-city-mean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/capital-city-relocation-1435389">"Where Next: The Reasons Why (Some) Countries Move Their Capitals"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010151019/https://www.thoughtco.com/capital-city-relocation-1435389">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Next%3A+The+Reasons+Why+%28Some%29+Countries+Move+Their+Capitals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fcapital-city-relocation-1435389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakasConley2009" class="citation book cs1">Makas, Emily Gunzburger; Conley, Tanja Damljanovic (4 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_aMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Capital Cities in the Aftermath of Empires: Planning in Central and Southeastern Europe</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135167257" title="Special:BookSources/9781135167257"><bdi>9781135167257</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010151840/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=M_aMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=religious+centres+capital+cities&source=bl&ots=VEfFJF9hdI&sig=PtLmMxFTErkNm-Qor7fGibCfr6g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwirz6OC3rDUAhVIVbwKHWM_B_AQ6AEITTAL#v=onepage&q=religious+centres+capital+cities&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+Cities+in+the+Aftermath+of+Empires%3A+Planning+in+Central+and+Southeastern+Europe&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft.isbn=9781135167257&rft.aulast=Makas&rft.aufirst=Emily+Gunzburger&rft.au=Conley%2C+Tanja+Damljanovic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_aMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Turku">"Turku, Finland – Britannica"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711193234/https://www.britannica.com/place/Turku">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turku%2C+Finland+%E2%80%93+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FTurku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour2014" class="citation book cs1">Seymour, Michael (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Cl4BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">Babylon: Legend, History and the Ancient City</a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857736079" title="Special:BookSources/9780857736079"><bdi>9780857736079</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010153333/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6Cl4BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=extinction+babylon&source=bl&ots=hoHWZ95wMC&sig=Q12hEn29qFcbg6YrAtc84Xts-1g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjk05-P37DUAhWCgLwKHbIcBOsQ6AEILjAC#v=onepage&q=extinction+babylon&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylon%3A+Legend%2C+History+and+the+Ancient+City&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.isbn=9780857736079&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Cl4BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahadoriMiri2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bahadori, Ali; Miri, Negin (2021). "The So-called Achaemenid Capitals and the Problem of Royal Court Residence". Iran. 62: 1–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F05786967.2021.1960881">10.1080/05786967.2021.1960881</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238840732">238840732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran&rft.atitle=The+So-called+Achaemenid+Capitals+and+the+Problem+of+Royal+Court+Residence&rft.volume=62&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F05786967.2021.1960881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238840732%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bahadori&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Miri%2C+Negin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-42258989">"Capital cities: How are they chosen and what do they represent?"</a>. BBC News. 6 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220323205410/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-42258989">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Capital+cities%3A+How+are+they+chosen+and+what+do+they+represent%3F&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-42258989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Berlin – Washington, 1800–2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities, ed. <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Daum" title="Andreas Daum">Andreas Daum</a> and Christof Mauch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84117-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-84117-7">978-0-521-84117-7</a>, pp. 4–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Crew124-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Crew124_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrewWebbWooldridge1892" class="citation book cs1">Crew, Harvey W.; Webb, William Bensing; Wooldridge, John (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ">Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C.</a> Dayton, OH: United Brethren Publishing House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ/page/n131">124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centennial+History+of+the+City+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.place=Dayton%2C+OH&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=United+Brethren+Publishing+House&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Crew&rft.aufirst=Harvey+W.&rft.au=Webb%2C+William+Bensing&rft.au=Wooldridge%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLintockJohn_Victor_Tuwhakahewa_BakerTaonga" class="citation web cs1">McLintock, Alexander Hare; John Victor Tuwhakahewa Baker, M. A.; Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161031204625/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/population/page-5">"Geographical distribution of population"</a>. An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/population/page-5">the original</a> on 31 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand%2C+edited+by+A.+H.+McLintock%2C+1966.&rft.atitle=Geographical+distribution+of+population&rft.aulast=McLintock&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Hare&rft.au=John+Victor+Tuwhakahewa+Baker%2C+M.+A.&rft.au=Taonga%2C+New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fpopulation%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Levine, Stephen (13 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city/page-3">"Capital city – A new capital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150505170521/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city/page-3">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Capital+city+%E2%80%93+A+new+capital&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcapital-city%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pedrosa-18"><a href="#cite_ref-pedrosa_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedrosa2006" class="citation news cs1">Pedrosa, Veronica (20 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061123141200/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/80733C47-7F1C-45EB-BB8E-805DB15BFE67.htm">"Burma's 'seat of the kings'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/80733C47-7F1C-45EB-BB8E-805DB15BFE67.htm">the original</a> on 23 November 2006. Retrieved 21 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Burma%27s+%27seat+of+the+kings%27&rft.date=2006-11-20&rft.aulast=Pedrosa&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2FNR%2Fexeres%2F80733C47-7F1C-45EB-BB8E-805DB15BFE67.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-repetida_3-19"><a href="#cite_ref-repetida_3_19-0">^</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/s:es:Real_Decreto_de_30_de_noviembre_de_1833" class="extiw" title="m:s:es:Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833">Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833</a> en wikisource </li> <li id="cite_note-repetida_1-20"><a href="#cite_ref-repetida_1_20-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gobiernodecanarias.org/tuestatuto./docs/1833-12-03%20Decreto%20de%20division%20provincial.pdf">Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833</a> en el sitio web oficial del Gobierno de Canarias[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000705067">Ordonnance n° 58–1100 du 17 novembre 1958 relative au fonctionnement des assemblées parlementaires</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430041323/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000705067">Archived</a> 30 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> article 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno940.html">"Presidential Decree No. 940 : Philippine Laws, Statutes and Codes"</a>. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. 24 June 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140906224944/http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno940.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+Decree+No.+940+%3A+Philippine+Laws%2C+Statutes+and+Codes&rft.pub=Chan+Robles+Virtual+Law+Library&rft.date=1976-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanrobles.com%2Fpresidentialdecrees%2Fpresidentialdecreeno940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimos2020" class="citation news cs1">Limos, Mario Alvaro (2 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/where-is-the-capital-of-cavite-a00293-20200702">"Where the Heck Is the Capital of Cavite?"</a>. Esquire Philippines. <a href="/wiki/Mandaluyong" title="Mandaluyong">Mandaluyong</a>: <a href="/wiki/Summit_Media" title="Summit Media">Summit Media</a>. Retrieved 25 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire+Philippines&rft.atitle=Where+the+Heck+Is+the+Capital+of+Cavite%3F&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.aulast=Limos&rft.aufirst=Mario+Alvaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Flong-reads%2Ffeatures%2Fwhere-is-the-capital-of-cavite-a00293-20200702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comunidadeslusofonas.pt/lisboa-nao-tem-documento-que-a-oficialize-como-capital-de-portugal/">"Lisboa não tem documento que a oficialize como capital de Portugal"</a>, Comunidades Lusófonas (in Portuguese), 13 April 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201208042035/https://comunidadeslusofonas.pt/lisboa-nao-tem-documento-que-a-oficialize-como-capital-de-portugal/">archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2020, retrieved 5 November 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comunidades+Lus%C3%B3fonas&rft.atitle=Lisboa+n%C3%A3o+tem+documento+que+a+oficialize+como+capital+de+Portugal&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomunidadeslusofonas.pt%2Flisboa-nao-tem-documento-que-a-oficialize-como-capital-de-portugal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLansford2015" class="citation book cs1">Lansford, Tom (24 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yNGfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT5793">Political Handbook of the World 2015</a>. Singapore: CQ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-7157-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-7157-3"><bdi>978-1-4833-7157-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830152655/https://books.google.lk/books?id=yNGfBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT5793&dq=sri+lanka+commercial+capital+colombo+administrative+capital&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV0aH2wv7VAhWIOo8KHcyVBmAQ6AEIPzAF#v=onepage&q=sri%20lanka%20commercial%20capital%20colombo%20administrative%20capital&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Handbook+of+the+World+2015&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-7157-3&rft.aulast=Lansford&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyNGfBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT5793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxall2008" class="citation book cs1">Boxall, Sheryl (2008). DeRouen, Karl; Bellamy, Paul (eds.). International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2. Westport, Connecticut, US: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 728. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99255-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99255-2"><bdi>978-0-275-99255-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Security+and+the+United+States%3A+An+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut%2C+US&rft.pages=728&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-275-99255-2&rft.aulast=Boxall&rft.aufirst=Sheryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2006/14_fga/de">"Verfassung des Kantons Zürich"</a> [Constitution of the Canton of Zürich]. admin.ch. 16 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528093007/https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2006/14_fga/de">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=admin.ch&rft.atitle=Verfassung+des+Kantons+Z%C3%BCrich&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fedlex.admin.ch%2Feli%2Fcc%2F2006%2F14_fga%2Fde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/">"Tanzania"</a>. The World Factbook. 16 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331130911/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Tanzania&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Ftanzania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdetunji2023" class="citation web cs1">Adetunji, Jo (4 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/tanzania-has-moved-its-capital-from-dar-after-a-50-year-wait-but-is-dodoma-ready-206508">"Tanzania has moved its capital from Dar after a 50-year wait - but is Dodoma ready?"</a>. The Conversation. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tanzania+has+moved+its+capital+from+Dar+after+a+50-year+wait+-+but+is+Dodoma+ready%3F&rft.pub=The+Conversation&rft.date=2023-06-04&rft.aulast=Adetunji&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Ftanzania-has-moved-its-capital-from-dar-after-a-50-year-wait-but-is-dodoma-ready-206508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INN-30"><a href="#cite_ref-INN_30-0">^</a> Reeder, Scott. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilnews.org/2831/what-does-it-cost-taxpayers-to-pay-for-lawmakers-empty-springfield-residences/">What does it cost taxpayers to pay for lawmakers' empty Springfield residences?</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617094836/http://ilnews.org/2831/what-does-it-cost-taxpayers-to-pay-for-lawmakers-empty-springfield-residences/">Archive</a>). Illinois News Network. 11 September 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gauen-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Gauen_31-0">^</a> Gauen, Pat. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/pat-gauen/illinois-corruption-explained-the-capital-is-too-far-from-chicago/article_c38d21b7-0134-5124-b56f-3bc99a60c327.html">Illinois corruption explained: the capital is too far from Chicago</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915191211/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/pat-gauen/illinois-corruption-explained-the-capital-is-too-far-from-chicago/article_c38d21b7-0134-5124-b56f-3bc99a60c327.html">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a>. Retrieved 26 May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/15/in-nicosia-cyprus-spirit-of-reconciliation-is-stirring">"In Nicosia, the world's last divided capital, a spirit of reconciliation is stirring across the fence"</a>. the Guardian. 15 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816183609/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/15/in-nicosia-cyprus-spirit-of-reconciliation-is-stirring">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+Nicosia%2C+the+world%27s+last+divided+capital%2C+a+spirit+of+reconciliation+is+stirring+across+the+fence&rft.date=2017-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjan%2F15%2Fin-nicosia-cyprus-spirit-of-reconciliation-is-stirring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nicosia.org.cy/en-GB/discover/nicosia/the-capital/">"Nicosia Municipality - Nicosia, capital of the Republic of Cyprus"</a>. www.nicosia.org.cy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709193607/https://www.nicosia.org.cy/en-GB/discover/nicosia/the-capital/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nicosia.org.cy&rft.atitle=Nicosia+Municipality+-+Nicosia%2C+capital+of+the+Republic+of+Cyprus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicosia.org.cy%2Fen-GB%2Fdiscover%2Fnicosia%2Fthe-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/main/polsyst/constitution/">"The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"</a>. www.cypnet.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525163715/http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/main/polsyst/constitution/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cypnet.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+the+Turkish+Republic+of+Northern+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cypnet.co.uk%2Fncyprus%2Fmain%2Fpolsyst%2Fconstitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">2003 Basic Law of Palestine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211183132/http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">Archived</a> 11 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Title One: Article 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandler2017" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (6 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html">"Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617225602/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Recognizes+Jerusalem+as+Israel%27s+Capital&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Ftrump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrysopoulos2018" class="citation web cs1">Chrysopoulos, Philip (18 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/09/18/september-18-1834-athens-becomes-the-capital-of-greece/">"September 18, 1834: Athens Becomes the Capital of Greece"</a>. GreekReporter.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182448/https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/09/18/september-18-1834-athens-becomes-the-capital-of-greece/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GreekReporter.com&rft.atitle=September+18%2C+1834%3A+Athens+Becomes+the+Capital+of+Greece&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft.aulast=Chrysopoulos&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreece.greekreporter.com%2F2018%2F09%2F18%2Fseptember-18-1834-athens-becomes-the-capital-of-greece%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.introducingberlin.com/history-of-berlin">"History of Berlin – Past and present of Berlin"</a>. introducingberlin.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182616/https://www.introducingberlin.com/history-of-berlin">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=introducingberlin.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Berlin+%E2%80%93+Past+and+present+of+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.introducingberlin.com%2Fhistory-of-berlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityvision2000.com/history/peterthe.htm">"History of St. Petersburg, Russia: Peter the Great (short biography)"</a>. cityvision2000.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123135146/http://www.cityvision2000.com/history/peterthe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cityvision2000.com&rft.atitle=History+of+St.+Petersburg%2C+Russia%3A+Peter+the+Great+%28short+biography%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityvision2000.com%2Fhistory%2Fpeterthe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikellides2001" class="citation journal cs1">Mikellides, Byron (1 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.udi.9000029">"The Creation of Modern Athens, Planning the Myth"</a>. Urban Design International. 6 (2): 119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.udi.9000029">10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000029</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-4519">1468-4519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Design+International&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+Modern+Athens%2C+Planning+the+Myth&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=119&rft.date=2001-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalgrave.udi.9000029&rft.issn=1468-4519&rft.aulast=Mikellides&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fpalgrave.udi.9000029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/washington-capital-of-the-union.html">"Washington: Capital of the Union – Essential Civil War Curriculum"</a>. essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107124816/https://www.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/washington-capital-of-the-union.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com&rft.atitle=Washington%3A+Capital+of+the+Union+%E2%80%93+Essential+Civil+War+Curriculum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com%2Fwashington-capital-of-the-union.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACapital+city" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/dict/knr/index.cgi?Q=Tallinn&F=M&C06=en">Tallinn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005131416/https://www.eki.ee/dict/knr/index.cgi?Q=Tallinn&F=M&C06=en">Archived</a> 5 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. [KNR] Dictionary of Estonian Place names. Retrieved 5 October 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-capital-of-trinidad-and-tobago.html">What Is The Capital Of Trinidad And Tobago?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005131415/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-capital-of-trinidad-and-tobago.html">Archived</a> 5 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. www.worldatlas.com Retrieved 5 October 2021 </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Capitals" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Capitals">Capitals</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div></section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&oldid=1277903035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&oldid=1277903035</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 27 February 2025, at 10:47 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%89%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Къалэ нэхъыщхьэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къалэ нэхъыщхьэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hoofstad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptstadt" title="Hauptstadt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hauptstadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%93_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ዋና ከተማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዋና ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%A1ivikaavpug" title="Uáivikaavpug – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Uáivikaavpug" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heafodstol" title="Heafodstol – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Heafodstol" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D2%AD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8C" title="Аҳҭнықалақь – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҳҭнықалақь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9" title="عاصمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عاصمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(politica)" title="Capital (politica) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Capital (politica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%AB%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capit%C3%A2la" title="Capitâla – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Capitâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(pol%C3%ADtica)" title="Capital (política) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Capital (política)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavusu" title="Tavusu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavusu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тахшагьар – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Тахшагьар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytaxt" title="Paytaxt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paytaxt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پایتخت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پایتخت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ibu kota" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="রাজধানী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজধানী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indung_banua" title="Indung banua – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Indung banua" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BA-to%CD%98" title="Siú-to͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siú-to͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibukota" title="Ibukota – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ibukota" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Баш ҡала – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Баш ҡала" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сталіца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сталіца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Сталіца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сталіца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitolyo" title="Kapitolyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kapitolyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaptel" title="Kaptel – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kaptel" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Столица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Столица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptstod" title="Haptstod – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Haptstod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Glavni grad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AAr-benn" title="Kêr-benn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kêr-benn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Ниислэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ниислэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тĕп хула – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕп хула" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapital" title="Kapital – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kapital" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Hlavní město – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlavní město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifddinas" title="Prifddinas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifddinas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hovedstad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="عاصيمة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عاصيمة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaiveg%C3%A1vpot" title="Oaivegávpot – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oaivegávpot" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaptschtadt" title="Haaptschtadt – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Haaptschtadt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptstadt" title="Hauptstadt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauptstadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%81%DE%B0" title="ވެރިރަށް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވެރިރަށް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolica" title="Stolica – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Stolica" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pealinn" title="Pealinn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pealinn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πρωτεύουσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτεύουσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Прявтош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Прявтош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(pol%C3%ADtica)" title="Capital (política) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capital (política)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efurbo" title="Ĉefurbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefurbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(pol%C3%ADtica)" title="Capital (política) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Capital (política)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiriburu" title="Hiriburu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hiriburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پایتخت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پایتخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8vu%C3%B0ssta%C3%B0ur" title="Høvuðsstaður – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Høvuðsstaður" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale" title="Capitale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capitale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haadst%C3%AAd" title="Haadstêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haadstêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capit%C3%A2l" title="Capitâl – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Capitâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhchathair" title="Príomhchathair – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Príomhchathair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preeu-valley" title="Preeu-valley – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Preeu-valley" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%AComh-bhaile" title="Prìomh-bhaile – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Prìomh-bhaile" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="НанагӀала – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="НанагӀала" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80" title="રાજધાની – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાજધાની" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BA-t%C3%BB" title="Sú-tû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sú-tû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Хотол балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хотол балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%8F%84" title="수도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapikala" title="Kapikala – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kapikala" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84" title="Մայրաքաղաք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայրաքաղաք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolica" title="Stolica – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Stolica" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glavni grad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitolio" title="Kapitolio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kapitolio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="রাজধানী – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রাজধানী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibu kota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_capital" title="Cité capital – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cité capital" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сæйраг сахар – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæйраг сахар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKomkhulu" title="IKomkhulu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IKomkhulu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhlokodolobha" title="Inhlokodolobha – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inhlokodolobha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Höfuðborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capitale (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="עיר בירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיר בירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_krajan" title="Kutha krajan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha krajan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illoqarfiit_pingaarnersaat" title="Illoqarfiit pingaarnersaat – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Illoqarfiit pingaarnersaat" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ರಾಜಧಾನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಜಧಾನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ара шахар – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ара шахар" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="დედაქალაქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედაქალაქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0" title="راز دٲنؠ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="راز دٲنؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stol%C3%ABca" title="Stolëca – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Stolëca" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Елорда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Елорда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penncita" title="Penncita – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Penncita" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umurwa" title="Umurwa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umurwa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mji_mkuu" title="Mji mkuu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mji mkuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbanza_ya_kimfumu" title="Mbanza ya kimfumu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mbanza ya kimfumu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapital" title="Kapital – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kapital" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytext" title="Paytext – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Paytext" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Борбор шаар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Борбор шаар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitela" title="Capitela – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Capitela" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_kapitala" title="Sivdad kapitala – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad kapitala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caput_(urbs)" title="Caput (urbs) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caput (urbs)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvaspils%C4%93ta" title="Galvaspilsēta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Galvaspilsēta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaptstad" title="Haaptstad – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Haaptstad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sostin%C4%97" title="Sostinė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sostinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houfsjtad" title="Houfsjtad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Houfsjtad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%B3ka-mokonzi" title="Mbóka-mokonzi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mbóka-mokonzi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Capitala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%91v%C3%A1ros" title="Főváros – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Főváros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Главен град – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Главен град" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renivohitra" title="Renivohitra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Renivohitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="തലസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തലസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_kapitali" title="Belt kapitali – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Belt kapitali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81one_matua" title="Tāone matua – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāone matua" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ნანანოღა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნანანოღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%87" title="عاصمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عاصمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="نیشتگا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیشتگا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibu negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ibu kota" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%AB-d%C5%AD" title="Siū-dŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siū-dŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Пряошец – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пряошец" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Нийслэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийслэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="မြို့တော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြို့တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecuacan" title="Tecuacan – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecuacan" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdstad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heufdstad" title="Heufdstad – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Heufdstad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="राजधानी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राजधानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="首都" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale_(cit%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (cità) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Capitale (cità)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нана-гӀала – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нана-гӀала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitel_citii" title="Kapitel citii – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kapitel citii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hovedstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovudstad" title="Hovudstad – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hovudstad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale" title="Capitale – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Capitale" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef-urbe" title="Chef-urbe – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chef-urbe" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Capitala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Рӱдола – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Рӱдола" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poytaxt" title="Poytaxt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Poytaxt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%DA%AF%DA%91%DA%BE" title="راجگڑھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راجگڑھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapital" title="Kapital – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kapital" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D9%87" title="پلازمېنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پلازمېنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канкар – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Канкар" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(Geograf%C3%ACa)" title="Capital (Geografìa) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Capital (Geografìa)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapitol" title="Kapitol – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kapitol" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B6ftstadt" title="Hööftstadt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hööftstadt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolica" title="Stolica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stolica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πρωτεύουσα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Πρωτεύουσα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytaxt" title="Paytaxt – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Paytaxt" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytaht" title="Paytaht – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Paytaht" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%C4%83" title="Capitală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capitală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherutno_foro" title="Sherutno foro – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Sherutno foro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapitala" title="Chapitala – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chapitala" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma_llaqta" title="Uma llaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uma llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Головне місто – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Головне місто" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Столица – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Столица" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Киин куорат – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киин куорат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laumua" title="Laumua – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Laumua" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale" title="Capitale – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Capitale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caipital" title="Caipital – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caipital" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haudst%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Haudstääd – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Haudstääd" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toropokgolo" title="Toropokgolo – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Toropokgolo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryeqyteti" title="Kryeqyteti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryeqyteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitali" title="Capitali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capitali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB" title="අගනුවර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අගනුවර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Capital city" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%84%DA%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="راڄڌاني شھر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="راڄڌاني شھر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavn%C3%A9_mesto" title="Hlavné mesto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlavné mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavno_mesto" title="Glavno mesto – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Glavno mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8A_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Стольнъ градъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Стольнъ градъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolica" title="Stolica – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Stolica" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magaalo_madax" title="Magaalo madax – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Magaalo madax" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پایتەخت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پایتەخت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamafoto" title="Mamafoto – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Mamafoto" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Главни град – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Главни град" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glavni grad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puseur_dayeuh" title="Puseur dayeuh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Puseur dayeuh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4kaupunki" title="Pääkaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pääkaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvudstad" title="Huvudstad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huvudstad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabisera" title="Kabisera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabisera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தலைநகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தலைநகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamana%C9%A3t" title="Tamanaɣt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamanaɣt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitale_(cetate)" title="Capitale (cetate) – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Capitale (cetate)" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Башкала – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Башкала" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ဝဵင်းငဝ်ႈၸိုင်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဝဵင်းငဝ်ႈၸိုင်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="రాజధాని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాజధాని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="เมืองหลวง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมืองหลวง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B0_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ርእሰ ከተማ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ርእሰ ከተማ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Пойтахт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пойтахт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%B0%E1%8E%B5_%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%AB%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᎦᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkent" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%BDtagt" title="Paýtagt – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Paýtagt" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahenkuro" title="Ahenkuro – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ahenkuro" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шоркар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шоркар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Столиця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Столиця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA" title="دار الحکومت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دار الحکومت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soujduh" title="Soujduh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Soujduh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavedal" title="Cavedal – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cavedal" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4lidn" title="Pälidn – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pälidn" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%91%C3%B4" title="Thủ đô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thủ đô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cifazif" title="Cifazif – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cifazif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4liin" title="Pääliin – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pääliin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwaisse_veye" title="Mwaisse veye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mwaisse veye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC" title="京 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="京" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Hoofdstad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamunuan_(politika)" title="Pamunuan (politika) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pamunuan (politika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="首都" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98" title="הויפטשטאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הויפטשטאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%BA%C3%ACl%C3%BA" title="Olúìlú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Olúìlú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="首都" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paytext" title="Paytext – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Paytext" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%B4dstad" title="Oôdstad – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oôdstad" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suost%C4%97n%C4%97" title="Suostėnė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Suostėnė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="首都" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_negeri" title="Ibu negeri – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ibu negeri" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ibu kota" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajtaxt" title="Pajtaxt – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Pajtaxt" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 February 2025, at 10:47 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capital_city&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.next-8488c9d8c6-mgd2h","wgBackendResponseTime":332,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.006","walltime":"1.272","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5412,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":215595,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11369,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":155892,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1005.109 1 -total"," 26.50% 266.351 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.88% 139.469 2 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 12.82% 128.865 1 Template:Terms_for_types_of_administrative_territorial_entities"," 11.91% 119.670 5 Template:Lang"," 9.64% 96.896 10 Template:Cite_book"," 7.56% 76.006 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.82% 68.545 6 Template:Fix"," 6.31% 63.442 17 Template:Cite_web"," 5.82% 58.486 2 Template:Cn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.601","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23680681,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bdbbc57c-jg4qv","timestamp":"20250303163121","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Capital city","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capital_city","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5119","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5119","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-02-10T01:38:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b2\/Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January.jpg","headline":"primary governing city of a top-level (country) or first-level and second-level subdivision (country, state, province, regency, etc) political entity"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>