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class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>British rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delhi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delhi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Delhi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delhi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haryana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haryana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Haryana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haryana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rajasthan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rajasthan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Rajasthan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rajasthan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madhya_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madhya_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Madhya Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madhya_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maharashtra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maharashtra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Maharashtra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maharashtra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gujarat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gujarat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>Gujarat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gujarat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Himachal_Pradesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7</span> <span>Himachal Pradesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Himachal_Pradesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jammu_and_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.8</span> <span>Jammu and Kashmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jammu_and_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttarakhand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttarakhand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.9</span> <span>Uttarakhand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttarakhand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punjab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punjab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azad_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azad_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Azad Kashmir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azad_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurjar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0" title="গুর্জর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুর্জর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гурджары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гурджары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Гуджарати – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гуджарати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujars" title="Gujars – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gujars" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गुर्जर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गुर्जर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur%C4%9Daroj" title="Gurĝaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gurĝaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="مردم گوجر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم گوجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गुर्जर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुर्जर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Gurjar" title="Suku Gurjar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გუჯარები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გუჯარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гуджар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гуджар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गुर्जर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गुर्जर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جورجار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جورجار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurjar_(volk)" title="Gurjar (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gurjar (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="गुर्जर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गुर्जर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="गुजार – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गुजार" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujar" title="Gujar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gujar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਗੁੱਜਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁੱਜਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گجر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گجر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="ګوجر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګوجر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гуджар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуджар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gud%C5%BEari" title="Gudžari – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gudžari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujar" title="Gujar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gujar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="குஜ்ஜர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குஜ்ஜர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="గుజ్జర్లు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గుజ్జర్లు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujer" title="Gujer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gujer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ґуджар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґуджар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گجر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گجر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolma_Gurjar" title="Jolma Gurjar – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jolma Gurjar" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gurjar</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gojri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri language">Gojri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/20px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/40px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/16px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/24px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/32px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jats" title="Jats">Jats</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahirs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan People</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gurjar</b> (or <b>Gujjar</b>, <b>Gujar</b>, <b>Gurjara</b><sup id="cite_ref-Mayaram_2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayaram_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are an <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ethnic community, residing mainly in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rahi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rahi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> divided internally into various clan groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Rahi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rahi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were traditionally involved in agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> activities and formed a large heterogeneous group.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society: at one end they have been found related to several kingdoms and, at the other end, some are still nomads with no land of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayaram_2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayaram_2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pivotal point in the history of Gurjar identity is often traced back to the emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Gurjaradesa" title="Gurjaradesa">Gurjara kingdom</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> (around 570 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the Gurjars migrated to different parts of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a> from the Gurjaratra.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gurjaras started fading from the forefront of history after the 10th century CE. Thereafter, history records several Gurjar chieftains and upstart warriors, who were rather petty rulers in contrast to their predecessors. Gujar or Gujjar were quite common during the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> era, and documents dating from the period mention Gujars as a 'turbulent' people. </p><p>The Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> and Rajasthan were known as <i>Gurjaradesa</i> and <i>Gurjaratra</i> for centuries prior to the arrival of the British. The <a href="/wiki/Gujrat,_Pakistan" title="Gujrat, Pakistan">Gujrat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a> districts of Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> have also been associated with Gurjars from as early as the 8th century CE, when there existed a Gurjara kingdom in the same area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaij_Nath_Puri195712_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaij_Nath_Puri195712-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> was also known as Gurjargadh previously, due to the presence of many Gurjar <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindars</a> in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Puri1975_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puri1975-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurjars are linguistically and religiously diverse. Although they are able to speak the language of the region and country where they live, Gurjars have their own language, known as <a href="/wiki/Gujari" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujari">Gujari</a>. They variously follow <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nps_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidoscmJoix2IACpgPA51_48_&_51]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidoscmJoix2IACpgPA51_48_&_51]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hindu Gurjars are mostly found in Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab Plains">Punjab Plains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Muslim Gurjars are mostly found in Pakistani province of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, mainly concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and northern cities of <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujrat,_Pakistan" title="Gujrat, Pakistan">Gujrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujar_Khan" title="Gujar Khan">Gujar Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>; Indian Himalayan regions such as <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu & Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, and Garhwal and Kumaon divisions of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>Gujjar</i> represents a <i><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a></i>, a tribe and a group in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, locally referred to as <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti"><i>jati</i></a>, <i>zaat</i>, <i>qaum</i> or <a href="/wiki/Baradari_(brotherhood)" title="Baradari (brotherhood)"><i>biradari</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raheja1988_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raheja1988-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Asghar2016_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asghar2016-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested by several historians that Gurjara was initially the name of a tribe or clan which later evolved into a geographical and ethnic identity following the establishment of a <i><a href="/wiki/Janapada" title="Janapada">janapada</a></i> (tribal kingdom) called 'Gurjara'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya19946_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya19946-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This understanding has introduced an element of ambiguity regarding ancient royal designations containing the word 'gurjara' such as <i>gurjaraeshvara</i> or <i>gurjararaja</i>, as now it is debatable whether the kings bearing these epithets were tribal or ethnic Gurjaras.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3></div> <p>Historians and anthropologists differ on the issue of Gurjar origin. According to one view, circa 1 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>, the ancient ancestors of the Gurjars came in multiple waves of migration and were initially accorded status as high-caste warriors in the Hindu fold in the North-Western regions (modern Rajasthan and Gujarat).<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2012p44_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2012p44-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aydogdy_Kurbanov" title="Aydogdy Kurbanov">Aydogdy Kurbanov</a> states that some Gurjars, along with people from northwestern India, merged with the <a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Hephthalites</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> clan.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously, it was believed that the Gurjars had migrated earlier on from Central Asia as well, however, this view is generally considered to be speculative.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to B. D. Chattopadhyaya, historical references speak of Gurjara warriors and commoners in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> in the 7th century CE, and mention several Gurjara kingdoms and dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199464_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199464-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to Tanuja Kothiyal, the historical image of Gurjars is that of "ignorant" herders, though historical claims of Gurjar past also associate them with <a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara">Gurjara-Pratiharas</a>. She cites a myth that any Rajput claim Gurjars may have comes through a Rajput marrying a Brahmin woman, and not through an older Kshatriya clan.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She says that the historical process suggests the opposite: that Rajputs emerged from other communities, such as Gurjars, <a href="/wiki/Jats" title="Jats">Jats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raikas" class="mw-redirect" title="Raikas">Raikas</a> etc.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest known reference to the word <i>Gurjara</i> is found in the book called <i><a href="/wiki/Harshacharita" title="Harshacharita">Harshacharita</a></i> (Harsha's Deeds), a biography of king <i><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harshavardhana</a></i> written around 630 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B%C4%81%E1%B9%87abha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Bāṇabhaṭṭa">Banabhatta</a>, the author of <i>Harshacharita</i>, mentions that Harsha's father <a href="/wiki/Prabhakaravardhana" title="Prabhakaravardhana">Prabhakravardhana</a> (560-580 CE) was "a constant threat to the sleep of Gurjara"<i>—</i>apparently a reference to the Gurjara king or kingdom. Inscriptions from a collateral branch of Gurjaras, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Gurjaras_of_Lata" title="Gurjaras of Lata">Gurjaras of Lata</a></i>, claim that their family was ruling <i>Bharakucha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bharuch_district" title="Bharuch district">Bharuch</a>) as early as 450 CE from their capital at Nandipuri. </p><p>According to scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Baij_Nath_Puri" title="Baij Nath Puri">Baij Nath Puri</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Abu" title="Mount Abu">Mount Abu</a> (ancient Arbuda Mountain) region of present-day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> had been an abode of the Gurjars during the medieval period.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Gurjars migrated from the Abu mountain region and as early as in the 6th century CE, they set up one or more principalities in Rajasthan and <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>. The whole or a larger part of Rajasthan and Gujarat had been long known as <i>Gurjaratra</i> (country ruled or protected by the Gurjars) or <i>Gurjarabhumi</i> (land of the Gurjars) for centuries prior to the Mughal period.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> texts, the <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> has sometimes been <a href="/wiki/False_etymology" title="False etymology">interpreted</a> as "destroyer of the enemy": <i>gur</i> meaning "enemy" and <i>ujjar</i> meaning "destroyer").<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3></div> <p>Babur, in the context of revolt, wrote that Jats and Gujjars poured down from hills in vast numbers in order to carry off oxen and buffaloes and that they were guilty of the severest oppression in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayaram2004_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayaram2004-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Gurjars were converted to Islam at various times, dating back to Mahmud of Ghazni's raid in Gujarat in 1026. Gurjars of <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> and Meerut date their conversion to <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>, when he sacked Delhi and forcibly converted them. By 1525, when Babur invaded India, he saw that the Gurjars of northern Punjab were already Muslims. Until the 1700s, conversions continued under <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, who converted the Gurjars of Himachal Pradesh by force. Pathans and Balochis drove Gurjar converts out of their land, forcing them into vagrancy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg/220px-Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg/330px-Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg/440px-Goojur_Sirdars_of_Rajpootana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Gurjar sardars of Rajasthan during British era</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Gurjar_(also_transliterated_as_Gujjar,_Gujar,_Gurjara,_%26_Gujjer)_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi,_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_(possibly),_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="6526" /></a><figcaption>Two Gurjar men on a pavement and a woman in a doorway in Delhi, Shepherd & Robertson (possibly), ca.1859–69</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th century, several Gurjar chieftains and small kings were in power. A fort in <a href="/wiki/Parikshitgarh" title="Parikshitgarh">Parikshitgarh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Meerut_district" title="Meerut district">Meerut district</a>, also known as Qila Parikishatgarh, is ascribed to a Gurjar king <a href="/wiki/Nain_Singh_Nagar" title="Nain Singh Nagar">Nain Singh Nagar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Morena, Samthar, Dholpur, Saharanpur and Roorkee were also some of the places ruled by Gurjar kings.<sup id="cite_ref-cite_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cite-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhati Clan of Gurjars had significance influence in Bulandshahr joint magistracy. Rao Roshan Singh of Bhati clan was a landlord of wide area till 1812, other chiefs of this clan were, Shambu Singh, Ajit singh and Dargahi Singh Bhati. The Bhati Gurjars in this area had somewhat similar position as the Gurjar Rajas of Saharanpur area.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Theophilus_Metcalfe,_4th_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, 4th Baronet">Metcalfe House</a> was sacked by Gurjar villagers from whom the land had been taken to erect the building.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1857, the British were able to enlist the support of many Gurjars at <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakitar_Gujar,_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg/250px-Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg/330px-Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg/500px-Bakitar_Gujar%2C_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Gurjar children in Afghanistan, 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gurjar people are a tribal group who have lived in Afghanistan for centuries. According to the Afghanistan news agency <a href="/wiki/Pajhwok_Afghan_News" title="Pajhwok Afghan News">Pajwok Afghan News</a>, there are currently an estimated 1.5 million Gurjar people residing in the country. The Gurjar people are predominantly found in the northeastern regions of Afghanistan, including <a href="/wiki/Kapisa_Province" title="Kapisa Province">Kapisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghlan_Province" title="Baghlan Province">Baghlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkh_Province" title="Balkh Province">Balkh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunduz_Province" title="Kunduz Province">Kunduz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takhar_Province" title="Takhar Province">Takhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badakhshan_Province" title="Badakhshan Province">Badakhshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuristan_Province" title="Nuristan Province">Nuristan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laghman_Province" title="Laghman Province">Laghman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khost_Province" title="Khost Province">Khost</a>. They have a distinct culture and way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pajhwok.com-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The old <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan Constitution">Afghanistan constitution</a> recognised 14 ethnic groups officially with the Gurjar ethnic group being one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pajhwok.com-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Gurjar tribal people in Afghanistan are deprived of their rights and their living conditions are poor. They have sometimes been internally displaced in the past by illegal <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militias</a>; for example, during 2018 around 200 Gurjar families were displaced from their homes in <a href="/wiki/Farkhar_District" title="Farkhar District">Farkhar district</a> in Takhar province.<sup id="cite_ref-gujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">corona virus pandemic</a>, the Gurjar people in the northeastern province of Badakhshan used Andak meat to treat the corona virus, due to lack of clinics and other health facilities in their areas. The Gurjar Tribe Council deemed the meat of the Andak animal as <i><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a></i> (forbidden) but many Gurjar people in the area said they had no choice.<sup id="cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pajhwok.com-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurjar tribal leaders met with <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a> when he was <a href="/wiki/President_of_Afghanistan" title="President of Afghanistan">President of Afghanistan</a>. They demanded schools and hospitals be built in their areas and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Afghanistan" title="Government of Afghanistan">Afghan government</a> give scholarships to Gurjar students to study abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-karzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <p>Today, the Gurjars are classified under the <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Class</a> category in some states in India.<sup id="cite_ref-article2608724_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-article2608724-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in Jammu and Kashmir and parts of Himachal Pradesh, they are designated as a Scheduled Tribe under the <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Indian government's reservation program</a> of <a href="/wiki/Positive_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive discrimination">positive discrimination</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> Gurjars were assimilated into several varnas.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delhi">Delhi</h4></div> <p>Gurjars form an important component of Delhi. They have combined their traditional occupation of pastoralism and marginal cultivation over a large area in and around Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haryana">Haryana</h4></div> <p>The Gurjar community in Haryana has set elaborate guidelines for solemnizing marriages and holding other functions.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a <i>mahapanchayat</i> ("the great <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">panchayat</a>"), the Gujjar community decided that those who sought dowry would be excommunicated from the society.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG/220px-Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG/330px-Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG/440px-Shri_Devnarayan_BhagwanVeerGurjar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Fairs of <a href="/wiki/Shri_Devnarayan_Bhagwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Devnarayan Bhagwan">Shri Devnarayan Bhagwan</a> are organized two times in a year at Demali, Maalasheri, <a href="/wiki/Asind" title="Asind">Asind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jodhpuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpuriya">Jodhpuriya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SawaibhojGurjar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SawaibhojGurjar.jpg/250px-SawaibhojGurjar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SawaibhojGurjar.jpg/330px-SawaibhojGurjar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SawaibhojGurjar.jpg/440px-SawaibhojGurjar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Devnarayan#Bagaravat_Bharat" title="Devnarayan">Sri Sawai Bhoj Bagaravat</a>, one of the 24 Gujar brothers collectively known as Bagaravats, at <a href="/wiki/Dev_Dham_Jodhpuriya" title="Dev Dham Jodhpuriya">Dev Dham Jodhpuriya</a> temple.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rajasthani Gurjars worship <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devnarayan" title="Devnarayan">Devnarayan</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Bhavani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-neuman_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neuman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vol11_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol11-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Rajasthan, some members of the Gurjar community resorted to violent protests over the issue of reservation in 2006 and 2007. They demanded a change in their status from Other Backward Class (OBC) to Scheduled Tribe (ST). They felt marginalized and faced livelihood crises. During the 2003 election to the Rajasthan assembly, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) promised them Scheduled Tribe status.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the party failed to keep its promise after coming to the power, resulting in protests by the Gurjars in September 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2007, during violent protests over the reservation issue, members of the Gurjar community clashed with the police.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the Gurjar protested violently, under various groups including the Gurjar Sangarsh Samiti,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurjar Mahasabha<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Gurjar Action Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, the Gurjars in Rajasthan are classified as Other Backward Classes.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 June 2007, Gurjars rioted over their desire to be added to the central list of tribes who are given favoured treatment under the reservation system However, other tribes on the list oppose this request, as it would make it harder to obtain the few positions already set aside.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2007, the Akhil Bhartiya Gurjar Mahasabha ("All-India Gurjar Council") stated that the community would boycott the BJP, which was in power in Rajasthan.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in 2009 the Gurjar community was supporting BJP so that they could be politically benefitted. <a href="/wiki/Kirori_Singh_Bainsla" title="Kirori Singh Bainsla">Kirori Singh Bainsla</a> fought and lost on the BJP ticket. In the early 2000s, the Gurjar community in Dang region of Rajasthan was also in news its falling <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a>, unavailability of brides, and the resultant <a href="/wiki/Polyandry" title="Polyandry">polyandry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2008_caste_violence_in_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 caste violence in Rajasthan">2008 caste violence in Rajasthan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Madhya_Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</h4></div> <p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Gurjars in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> are classified as Other Backward Classes.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</h4></div> <p>In Maharashtra, Gurjars are in very good numbers in Jalgaon District. Dode Gurjars and Dore Gurjars are listed as Other Backward Classes in Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gujarat">Gujarat</h4></div> <p>The State took its name from the Gurjara, the land of the Gurjars, who ruled the area during the 700s and 800s.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are listed among the Other Backward Classes of Gujarat.<sup id="cite_ref-goi_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goi-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few scholars believe that the <a href="/wiki/Leva_Patil" class="mw-redirect" title="Leva Patil">Leva</a> <a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbis</a> (or Kambis) of Gujarat, a section of the <a href="/wiki/Patidar" title="Patidar">Patidars</a>, are possibly of Gurjar origin.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indomitable_sardar_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indomitable_sardar-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, several others state that the Patidars are <a href="/wiki/Kurmi" title="Kurmi">Kurmis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbis</a> (Kanbis);<sup id="cite_ref-Pocock_1972_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pocock_1972-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurjars are included in the OBC list in Gujarat but Patidars are not.<sup id="cite_ref-goi_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goi-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurjars of <a href="/wiki/North_Gujarat" title="North Gujarat">North Gujarat</a>, along with those of Western Rajasthan and <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, worship <a href="/wiki/Shitala" title="Shitala">Sitala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhavani" title="Bhavani">Bhavani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vol11_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vol11-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Himachal_Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</h4></div> <p>As of 2001<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Gurjars in parts of Himachal Pradesh were classified as a Scheduled Tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-census2001_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jammu_and_Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg/250px-BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg/375px-BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg/500px-BAKARWALS_RAJOURI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>Bakarwals from Jammu and Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gurjars and Bakerwals tribes of Jammu and Kashmir were declared a Scheduled Tribe (ST) in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the 2001 census, they were found principally in <a href="/wiki/Rajouri_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajouri District">Rajouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir">Poonch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reasi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasi District">Reasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishtwar_district" title="Kishtwar district">Kishtwar district</a>, with presences elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-census2001_jk_st_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001_jk_st-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that Gurjars migrated to Jammu and Kashmir from Gujarat (via Rajasthan) and Hazara district of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Gurjars and the Bakarwals in Jammu and Kashmir were classified as Scheduled Tribes constitute 12% of the total population of Jammu and Kashmir. However, they claim that they constitute more than 20% of the population, and allege undercounting because of their <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">nomadic</a> lifestyle, saying that when the censuses were held in 2001 and 2011, half of their population had been in the upper reaches of the Himalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-census2001_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a>, Gurjars are the most populous scheduled tribe in Jammu and Kashmir, having a population of nearly 1.5 million. Nearly all of them follow Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gurjars of Jammu and Kashmir in 2007 demanded that this tribal community be treated as a <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic minorities">linguistic minority</a> in the erstwhile state and provided with constitutional safeguards for their language <a href="/wiki/Gojri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri">Gojri</a>. They also pressured the state government to urge the central government to include <a href="/wiki/Gojri" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojri">Gojri</a> in the list of <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of India">official languages of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, some Gurjars and <a href="/wiki/Bakarwal" title="Bakarwal">Bakarwals</a> in Jammu and Kashmir demanded a separate state called Gujaristan for Gujjar and Bakarwal communities, under the banner of All India Gurjar Parishad.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurjars and Bakarwals have at times been targeted by militants of the insurgency in the territory, such as during the <a href="/wiki/2001_Kot_Charwal_massacre" title="2001 Kot Charwal massacre">Kot Charwal</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Teli_Katha_massacre" title="2004 Teli Katha massacre">Teli Katha massacres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Van_Gujjar_people" title="Van Gujjar people">Van Gujjar people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/220px--OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="112" data-mwtitle="OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm/OpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AOpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AOpenSpeaks-Gju-Maari_Jaban_Maari_Birsa-Taukeer_Alam-Van_Gujjari_Wedding.webm&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taukeer_Alam" title="Taukeer Alam">Taukeer Alam</a> sharing the <a href="/wiki/Van_Gujjar_people" title="Van Gujjar people">Van Gujjar</a> wedding rituals and clothings</figcaption></figure> <p>The Van Gujjars ("forest Gurjars") are found in the <a href="/wiki/Shivalik_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalik Hills">Shivalik Hills</a> area of Uttarakhand. The Van Gujjars follow Islam, and they have their own clans, similar to the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">gotras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-businessline_outside_jungle_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessline_outside_jungle-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are a pastoral semi-nomadic community, practising <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a>. In the winter season, the Van Gujjars migrate with herds of semi-wild <a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">water buffalo</a> to the Shivalik Hills at the foot of the Himalayas, and in summer, they migrate to alpine pastures higher up the Himalayas. The Gurjars sell milk to local peoples as their primary source of income. They treat their animals with great care and do not eat them nor sell them for meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Bound_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bound-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Van Gujjars have had conflicts with forest authorities, who prohibited human and livestock populations inside reserved parks.<sup id="cite_ref-businessline_outside_jungle_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessline_outside_jungle-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, India's <a href="/wiki/Forest_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Rights Act">Forest Rights Act</a> of 2006 granted rights to "traditional forest dwellers" to the lands they have relied on for generations. The conflict between local forest officials, who claim rights over the newly created parks, and the thousand year nomadic traditions of the Van Gujjars has been ongoing.<sup id="cite_ref-Bound_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bound-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3></div> <p>It has been estimated that Gujjars comprise 20% of Pakistan's total population.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, British anthropologist Stephen Lyon estimated their total population in Pakistan to number 30 million and theorized the notion of "Gujarism", the fact that Gujjars in Pakistan are conscious of their identity and often base their social activities, such as local political participation, on this basis, what he calls kin-network activism.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Punjab">Punjab</h4></div> <p>Gujjars are mostly found in the country's <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab province</a>, where they gave their name to cities and towns such as <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujar_Khan" title="Gujar Khan">Gujar Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujrat,_Pakistan" title="Gujrat, Pakistan">Gujrat</a>, but for economics reasons recently they have emigrated to cities such as <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</h4></div> <p>Gujjars are also present in <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, where they're the third largest ethnic groups after the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Awan_(tribe)" title="Awan (tribe)">Awan</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a> region as well places like <a href="/wiki/Dir_District" title="Dir District">Dir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swat_District" title="Swat District">Swat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bajaur_District" title="Bajaur District">Bajaur</a>, often being conversant in <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, the provincial language.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Swat, <a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a> Samiullah was a Gujjar community leader who was the first to raise a private tribal army against the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, with around 10,000 men, but was eventually defeated and executed by the Taliban in 2008, who then desecrated his dead body by hanging it publicly.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Azad_Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</h4></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>, they are one of the region's largest communities, by some estimates even being considered the single largest group with 800,000 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-d712_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d712-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurjaradesa" title="Gurjaradesa">Gurjaradesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratiharas_of_Mandavyapura" title="Pratiharas of Mandavyapura">Gurjaras of Mandavyapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadanakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadanakas">Bhadanakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Gujjars" title="Muslim Gujjars">Muslim Gujjars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratihar_Gurjars" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratihar Gurjars">Pratihar Gurjars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurjar_clans" title="List of Gurjar clans">List of Gurjar clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurjars" title="List of Gurjars">List of Gurjars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mayaram_2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayaram_2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayaram_2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMayaram2017" class="citation book cs1">Mayaram, Shail (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DzcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67">"The Story of the Gujars"</a>. In Vijaya Ramaswamy (ed.). <i>Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55825-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55825-9"><bdi>978-1-351-55825-9</bdi></a>. <q>The heterogeneous category that is variously called gujar/Gujjar/Gurjara.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Gujars&rft.btitle=Migrations+in+Medieval+and+Early+Colonial+India&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-55825-9&rft.aulast=Mayaram&rft.aufirst=Shail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDzcrDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZelin2015" class="citation book cs1">Zelin, Madeleine (6 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHNECgAAQBAJ"><i>Merchant Communities in Asia, 1600–1980</i></a>. Routledge. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-31789-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-31789-0"><bdi>978-1-317-31789-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Communities+in+Asia%2C+1600%E2%80%931980&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.isbn=978-1-317-31789-0&rft.aulast=Zelin&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBHNECgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rahi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rahi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rahi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRahi2012" class="citation book cs1">Rahi, Javaid, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41978043"><i>The GUJJARS - A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe</i></a>. Vol. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+GUJJARS+-+A+Book+Series+on+History+and+Culture+of+Gujjar+Tribe&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41978043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/bjp-sets-its-eyes-on-gujjar-bakarwal-tribes-in-jammu-and-kashmir-374770">"Welfare measures of nomadic Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes to be taken"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i>. 3 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Welfare+measures+of+nomadic+Gujjar+and+Bakarwal+tribes+to+be+taken&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fj-k%2Fbjp-sets-its-eyes-on-gujjar-bakarwal-tribes-in-jammu-and-kashmir-374770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/political-pulse/jammu-kashmir-delimitation-gujjars-bakarwals-7779985/lite/">"As seen from the eyes of nomadic tribes"</a>. The Indian Express. 18 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+seen+from+the+eyes+of+nomadic+tribes&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fpolitical-pulse%2Fjammu-kashmir-delimitation-gujjars-bakarwals-7779985%2Flite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/photography/kashmir-s-nomadic-tribes-of-gujjar-and-bakarwal-finding-identity-among-the-unidentified-b1892822.html">"Finding identity: Nomadic Gujjar tribes"</a>. Independent. 29 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Finding+identity%3A+Nomadic+Gujjar+tribes&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fphotography%2Fkashmir-s-nomadic-tribes-of-gujjar-and-bakarwal-finding-identity-among-the-unidentified-b1892822.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRahi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Rahi, Javaid, ed. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/43050675">"The GUJJARS - A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe"</a>. <i>The Gujjars -Vol: 06- ed Javaid Rahi</i>. <b>6</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gujjars+-Vol%3A+06-+ed+Javaid+Rahi&rft.atitle=The+GUJJARS+-+A+Book+Series+on+History+and+Culture+of+Gujjar+Tribe&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F43050675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgnihotriVora2002" class="citation book cs1">Agnihotri, V. K. “The Gujjars are pastoral and nomadic. They wander throughout the year in search of grazing pastures for their cattle which mostly consists of buffaloes and cows. Gujjars are Hindus as well as Muslims though the bulk of them are Muslims. Muslim Gujjar is a nomad and therefore, has no settled home in any part of Himachal Pradesh. Today Hindu Gujjars mostly lead a settled life.”; Vora, Rajendra (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dyPsvseSdiQC&dq=nomad+gujjar&pg=PA14"><i>Socio-economic Profile of Rural India: North-central & western India (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra)</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-206-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-206-2"><bdi>978-81-8069-206-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socio-economic+Profile+of+Rural+India%3A+North-central+%26+western+India+%28Himachal+Pradesh%2C+Punjab%2C+Haryana%2C+Gujarat%2C+Maharashtra%29&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-206-2&rft.aulast=Agnihotri&rft.aufirst=V.+K.+%E2%80%9CThe+Gujjars+are+pastoral+and+nomadic.+They+wander+throughout+the+year+in+search+of+grazing+pastures+for+their+cattle+which+mostly+consists+of+buffaloes+and+cows.+Gujjars+are+Hindus+as+well+as+Muslims+though+the+bulk+of+them+are+Muslims.+Muslim+Gujjar+is+a+nomad+and+therefore%2C+has+no+settled+home+in+any+part+of+Himachal+Pradesh.+Today+Hindu+Gujjars+mostly+lead+a+settled+life.%E2%80%9D&rft.au=Vora%2C+Rajendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdyPsvseSdiQC%26dq%3Dnomad%2Bgujjar%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaij_Nath_Puri1957" class="citation thesis cs1">Baij Nath Puri (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thehistoryofthegurjarapratiharasbaijnathpuri_300_m/mode/2up"><i>The History Of The Gurjara Pratiharas</i></a> (PhD thesis) – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+History+Of+The+Gurjara+Pratiharas&rft.degree=PhD&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Baij+Nath+Puri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthehistoryofthegurjarapratiharasbaijnathpuri_300_m%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994">Chattopadhyaya 1994</a>, p. 6 "we have noted that Gurjaratra or Gurjarabhumi was the base from which several lineages tracing descent from the Gurjaras emerged"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaij_Nath_Puri195712-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaij_Nath_Puri195712_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaij_Nath_Puri1957">Baij Nath Puri 1957</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuddha_Prakash1965" class="citation book cs1">Buddha Prakash (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lKg5AQAAIAAJ"><i>Aspects of Indian History and Civilization</i></a>. Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842616812" title="Special:BookSources/9780842616812"><bdi>9780842616812</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Shiva+Lal+Agarwala&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=9780842616812&rft.au=Buddha+Prakash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlKg5AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Puri1975-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Puri1975_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaij_Nath_Puri1975" class="citation book cs1">Baij Nath Puri (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orAJAQAAIAAJ"><i>The History of the Gurjara-Pratihāras</i></a>. Oriental Publishers & Distributors. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Gurjara-Pratih%C4%81ras&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=Oriental+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Baij+Nath+Puri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorAJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nps-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nps_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Nuristan.html">"Nuristan"</a>. <i>Program for Culture & Conflict Studies</i>. Naval Postgraduate School. October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Program+for+Culture+%26+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=Nuristan&rft.date=2009-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.edu%2Fprograms%2Fccs%2FNuristan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidoscmJoix2IACpgPA51_48_&_51]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidoscmJoix2IACpgPA51_48_&_51]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2012">Singh 2012</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oscmJoix2IAC&pg=PA51">48 & 51</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raheja1988-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raheja1988_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGloria_Goodwin_Raheja1988" class="citation book cs1">Gloria Goodwin Raheja (15 September 1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poisoningiftritu0000rahe"><i>The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation, and the Dominant Caste in a North Indian Village</i></a></span>. University of Chicago Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/poisoningiftritu0000rahe/page/n16">01</a>–03. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-70729-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-70729-7"><bdi>978-0-226-70729-7</bdi></a>. <q>This regional dominance and the kingship (rajya) exercised by Gurjar chiefs still figure prominently in oral traditions current among Saharanpur Gurjars and in the depiction of their identity as Ksatriya "kings" in printed histories of the Gujar Jati.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poison+in+the+Gift%3A+Ritual%2C+Prestation%2C+and+the+Dominant+Caste+in+a+North+Indian+Village&rft.pages=01-03&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988-09-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-70729-7&rft.au=Gloria+Goodwin+Raheja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoisoningiftritu0000rahe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asghar2016-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asghar2016_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Asghar2016" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Asghar (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=utd7DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10"><i>The Sacred and the Secular: Aesthetics in Domestic Spaces of Pakistan/Punjab</i></a>. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90836-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90836-0"><bdi>978-3-643-90836-0</bdi></a>. <q>The main grouping is the biradari, which is a very old established norm of people identifying themselves ... A larger and also ancient form of grouping is the caste (qaum). The three main ones are Jaats (farmers), Arains (who traditionally were gardeners) and Gujjars (people who tend livestock and sell milk).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+and+the+Secular%3A+Aesthetics+in+Domestic+Spaces+of+Pakistan%2FPunjab&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-643-90836-0&rft.au=Muhammad+Asghar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dutd7DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya19946-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya19946_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994">Chattopadhyaya 1994</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sharma, Sanjay (2006). "Negotiating Identity and Status". <i>Studies in History</i>. <b>22</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F025764300602200202">10.1177/025764300602200202</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0257-6430">0257-6430</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144128358">144128358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History&rft.atitle=Negotiating+Identity+and+Status&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144128358%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0257-6430&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F025764300602200202&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sharma, Shanta Rani (2012). "Exploding the Myth of the Gūjara Identity of the Imperial Pratihāras". <i>Indian Historical Review</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0376983612449525">10.1177/0376983612449525</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0376-9836">0376-9836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145175448">145175448</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Exploding+the+Myth+of+the+G%C5%ABjara+Identity+of+the+Imperial+Pratih%C4%81ras&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145175448%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0376-9836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0376983612449525&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Shanta+Rani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh2012p44-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh2012p44_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2012">Singh 2012</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oscmJoix2IAC&pg=PA44">44–</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKurbanov2010" class="citation web cs1">Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDISS_derivate_000000007165/01_Text.pdf">"The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 243<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2013</span>. <q>As a result of the merging of the Hephthalites and the Gujars with population from northwestern India, the Rajputs (from Sanskrit "rajputra" – "son of the rajah") formed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hephthalites%3A+Archaeological+and+Historical+Analysis&rft.pages=243&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kurbanov&rft.aufirst=Aydogdy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diss.fu-berlin.de%2Fdiss%2Fservlets%2FMCRFileNodeServlet%2FFUDISS_derivate_000000007165%2F01_Text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayaram2017" class="citation book cs1">Mayaram, Shail (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DzcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67">"The Story of the Gujars"</a>. In Vijaya Ramaswamy (ed.). <i>Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55825-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55825-9"><bdi>978-1-351-55825-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Gujars&rft.btitle=Migrations+in+Medieval+and+Early+Colonial+India&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-55825-9&rft.aulast=Mayaram&rft.aufirst=Shail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDzcrDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199464-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199464_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994">Chattopadhyaya 1994</a>, p. 64. "documents dating from seventh century suggest a wide distribution of Gurjaras as a political power in western India"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKothiyal2016" class="citation book cs1">Kothiyal, Tanuja (14 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&q=tanuja+kothiyal+book"><i>Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08031-7"><bdi>978-1-107-08031-7</bdi></a>. <q>The cultural image of the Gujar is of an ignorant herder though the historical claims of Gujar past also associate them with Gurjara-Pratiharas, with long migrations through Thar. However, as the Devnarayan epic reveals, any Rajput link that the Gujars may claim, comes from multi-caste marriages that are contracted in the course of the epic rather than any other claim to descent from the older kshatriya clan. The original ancestor of the Gujars is a Rajput, who marries a Brahmin woman.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomadic+Narratives%3A+A+History+of+Mobility+and+Identity+in+the+Great+Indian+Desert&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.isbn=978-1-107-08031-7&rft.aulast=Kothiyal&rft.aufirst=Tanuja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbe-7CwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtanuja%2Bkothiyal%2Bbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKothiyal2016" class="citation book cs1">Kothiyal, Tanuja (14 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&q=tanuja+kothiyal+book"><i>Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-08031-7"><bdi>978-1-107-08031-7</bdi></a>. <q>from gradual transformation of mobile pastoral and tribal groups into landed sedentary ones. The process of settlement involved both control over mobile resources through raids, battles and trade as well as channelizing of these resources into agrarian expansion. Kinship structures as well as marital and martial alliances were instrumental in this transformation. ... In the colonial ethnographic accounts rather than referring to Rajputs as having emerged from other communities, Bhils, Mers, Minas, Gujars, Jats, Raikas, all lay a claim to a Rajput past from where they claim to have 'fallen'. Historical processes, however, suggest just the opposite.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomadic+Narratives%3A+A+History+of+Mobility+and+Identity+in+the+Great+Indian+Desert&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.isbn=978-1-107-08031-7&rft.aulast=Kothiyal&rft.aufirst=Tanuja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbe-7CwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtanuja%2Bkothiyal%2Bbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPuri1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baij_Nath_Puri" title="Baij Nath Puri">Puri, Baij Nath</a> (1986). <i>The History of the Gurjara-Pratiharas</i>. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Gurjara-Pratiharas&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=Baij+Nath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKulbhushan_WarikooSujit_Som" class="citation book cs1">Kulbhushan Warikoo; Sujit Som. <i>Gurjars of Jammu and Kashmir</i>. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. <q>Dr. B. N. Puri who wrote a thesis Gurjar Pratihar at oxford university states that the Gurjars were local people</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gurjars+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pub=Indira+Gandhi+Rashtriya+Manav+Sangrahalaya&rft.au=Kulbhushan+Warikoo&rft.au=Sujit+Som&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamesh_Chandra_MajumdarAchut_Dattatrya_PusalkerA._K._MajumdarDilip_Kumar_Ghose1977" class="citation book cs1">Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Achut Dattatrya Pusalker; A. K. Majumdar; Dilip Kumar Ghose; Vishvanath Govind Dighe; Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan (1977). <i>The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age</i>. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Culture+of+the+Indian+People%3A+The+classical+age&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&rft.au=Achut+Dattatrya+Pusalker&rft.au=A.+K.+Majumdar&rft.au=Dilip+Kumar+Ghose&rft.au=Vishvanath+Govind+Dighe&rft.au=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarikooSom2000" class="citation book cs1">Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zxtuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Gurjars of Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 4. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Gurjar" is a Sanskrit word which has been explained thus: Gur+Ujjar;'Gur' means 'enemy' and 'ujjar' means 'destroyer'. The word means "Destroyer of the enemy".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gurjars+of+Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Indira+Gandhi+Rashtriya+Manav+Sangrahalaya&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Warikoo&rft.aufirst=Kulbhushan&rft.au=Som%2C+Sujit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxtuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParishada1993" class="citation book cs1">Parishada, Bhāratīya Gurjara (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9kwIAAAAIAAJ"><i>Gurjara aura Unakā Itihāsa meṃ Yogadāna Vishaya para Prathama …, Volume 2</i></a>. Bharatiya Gurjar Parisha. p. 27. <q>Sanskrit Dictionary Compiled by Pandit Radha Kant (Shakabada 1181) explains: Gurjar=Gur (enemy)+Ujar(destroyer)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gurjara+aura+Unak%C4%81+Itih%C4%81sa+me%E1%B9%83+Yogad%C4%81na+Vishaya+para+Prathama+%E2%80%A6%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Gurjar+Parisha&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Parishada&rft.aufirst=Bh%C4%81rat%C4%ABya+Gurjara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9kwIAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayaram2004-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayaram2004_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShail_Mayaram2004" class="citation book cs1">Shail Mayaram (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zL-7m2MDp2EC"><i>Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins</i></a>. Permanent Black. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7824-096-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7824-096-1"><bdi>978-81-7824-096-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+History%2C+Against+State%3A+Counterperspectives+from+the+Margins&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Permanent+Black&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7824-096-1&rft.au=Shail+Mayaram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzL-7m2MDp2EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma, J. C., (1984). "Gujars". In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey</i>. Vol. 1. pp. <span class="nowrap">298–</span>301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Peoples%3A+A+World+Ethnographic+Survey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E298-%3C%2Fspan%3E301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span> edited by Richard V. Weekes. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619074812/http://meerut.nic.in/tourist.htm">"Tourist Places"</a>. District Administration Meerut. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meerut.nic.in/tourist.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourist+Places&rft.pub=District+Administration+Meerut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeerut.nic.in%2Ftourist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cite-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cite_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roorkee.cantt.gov.in/history/">"Roorkee Cantonment Board - History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roorkee+Cantonment+Board+-+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froorkee.cantt.gov.in%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chambaldivisionmp.nic.in/en/culture-heritage/">"Culture & Heritage"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+%26+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchambaldivisionmp.nic.in%2Fen%2Fculture-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKolff2010" class="citation book cs1">Kolff, Dirk H.A. (13 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9955DwAAQBAJ&dq=bhatti+gujars&pg=PA149"><i>Grass in their mouths: The Upper Doab of India under the company's Magna Charta, 1793-1830</i></a>. Brill. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18802-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18802-0"><bdi>978-90-04-18802-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grass+in+their+mouths%3A+The+Upper+Doab+of+India+under+the+company%27s+Magna+Charta%2C+1793-1830&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010-08-13&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18802-0&rft.aulast=Kolff&rft.aufirst=Dirk+H.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9955DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbhatti%2Bgujars%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSenAshis_Banerjee2001" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Geeti; Ashis Banerjee (2001). <i>The Human Landscape</i>. Orient Longman. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2045-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2045-5"><bdi>978-81-250-2045-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Landscape&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2045-5&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Geeti&rft.au=Ashis+Banerjee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFC.R._Bijoy2003" class="citation magazine cs1">C.R. Bijoy (February 2003). "The Adivasis of India – A History of Discrimination, Conflict, and Resistance". <i>PUCL Bulletin</i>. People's Union for Civil Liberties. pp. <span class="nowrap">55–</span>61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PUCL+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Adivasis+of+India+%E2%80%93+A+History+of+Discrimination%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Resistance&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2003-02&rft.au=C.R.+Bijoy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pajhwok.com-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pajhwok.com_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamdard2021" class="citation news cs1">Hamdard, Azizullah (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pajhwok.com/2021/01/13/gujars-use-andak-meat-for-coronavirus-treatment/">"Gujars use Andak meat for coronavirus treatment"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>Reaching in numbers almost 1.5 million, Gujar tribe men and women live in parts of Kapesa, Baghlan, Balkh, Kunduz, Takhar, Badakhshan, Nuristan, Laghman, Nangarhar and Khost provinces.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gujars+use+Andak+meat+for+coronavirus+treatment&rft.date=2021-01&rft.aulast=Hamdard&rft.aufirst=Azizullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpajhwok.com%2F2021%2F01%2F13%2Fgujars-use-andak-meat-for-coronavirus-treatment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pajhwok.com/2018/02/06/gujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes/">"Gujar tribesmen forcibly evicted from Takhar homes"</a>. February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gujar+tribesmen+forcibly+evicted+from+Takhar+homes&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpajhwok.com%2F2018%2F02%2F06%2Fgujar-tribesmen-forcibly-evicted-takhar-homes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pajhwok.com/2013/09/11/karzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands/">"Karzai assures to consider Gujar tribe demands"</a>. September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Karzai+assures+to+consider+Gujar+tribe+demands&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpajhwok.com%2F2013%2F09%2F11%2Fkarzai-assures-consider-gujar-tribe-demands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-article2608724-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-article2608724_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPage2008" class="citation news cs1">Page, Jeremy (30 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104003944/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/article2608724.ece">"India's Gujjar caste fight for a downgrade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/article2608724.ece">the original</a> on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=India%27s+Gujjar+caste+fight+for+a+downgrade&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticle2608724.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharma2003" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, R. S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i_sIE1sO5kwC&pg=PA207"><i>Early medieval Indian society: a study in feudalisation</i></a>. Orient Longman Private Limited. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2523-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2523-8"><bdi>978-81-250-2523-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2009</span>. <q>It would be wrong to think that all foreigners were accepted as kshatriya and Rajputs for, in course of time, the Gujar people broke up into brahmans, banias, potters, goldsmiths, not to speak of herdsmen and cultivators (kunbis), who were looked upon as sudras.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+medieval+Indian+society%3A+a+study+in+feudalisation&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Orient+Longman+Private+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2523-8&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di_sIE1sO5kwC%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDabralMalik2004" class="citation journal cs1">Dabral, Shweta; Malik, S.L. (2004). "Demographic Study of Gujjars of Delhi: Population Structure and Socio-cultural Profile". <i>Journal of Human Ecology</i>. <b>16</b>: <span class="nowrap">17–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09709274.2004.11905710">10.1080/09709274.2004.11905710</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0970-9274">0970-9274</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55355163">55355163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Ecology&rft.atitle=Demographic+Study+of+Gujjars+of+Delhi%3A+Population+Structure+and+Socio-cultural+Profile&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55355163%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0970-9274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09709274.2004.11905710&rft.aulast=Dabral&rft.aufirst=Shweta&rft.au=Malik%2C+S.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChattar_Pal_Tanwar2003" class="citation web cs1">Chattar Pal Tanwar (3 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030803/ncr1.htm#4">"Anti-dowry campaign renewed before marriage season"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribune_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)">The Tribune</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Anti-dowry+campaign+renewed+before+marriage+season&rft.date=2003-08-03&rft.au=Chattar+Pal+Tanwar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2003%2F20030803%2Fncr1.htm%234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParmindar_Singh2003" class="citation web cs1">Parmindar Singh (29 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030630/ncr1.htm#5">"No band, no dhol, and just 11 baratis"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i>. Chandigarh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=No+band%2C+no+dhol%2C+and+just+11+baratis&rft.date=2003-06-29&rft.au=Parmindar+Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2003%2F20030630%2Fncr1.htm%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neuman-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neuman_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_NeumanShubha_ChaudhuriKomal_Kothari2007" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Neuman; Shubha Chaudhuri; Komal Kothari (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bardsballadsboun00neum"><i>Bards, ballads and boundaries: an ethnographic atlas of music traditions in West Rajasthan</i></a></span>. 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This epic is associated with the Gujar caste</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bards%2C+ballads+and+boundaries%3A+an+ethnographic+atlas+of+music+traditions+in+West+Rajasthan&rft.pub=Seagull&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1905422074&rft.au=Daniel+Neuman&rft.au=Shubha+Chaudhuri&rft.au=Komal+Kothari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbardsballadsboun00neum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vol11-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vol11_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vol11_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Indian studies: past & present, Volume 11</i>. Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers. 1970. p. 385. <q>The Gujars of Punjab, North Gujarat and Western Rajasthan worship Sitala and Bhavani</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+studies%3A+past+%26+present%2C+Volume+11&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Today+%26+Tomorrow%27s+Printers+%26+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countercurrents.org/rahi060608.htm">"Gujjar of Rajasthan and ST Status"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Countercurrents.org" title="Countercurrents.org">Countercurrents.org</a>. 6 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meri+News&rft.pub=Meri+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merinews.com%2FcatFull.jsp%3FarticleID%3D128044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050220224316/http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=13233">"Gujjars, Bakerwals demand Gujaristan in J&K"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a></i>. 29 July 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=13233">the original</a> on 20 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Gujjars%2C+Bakerwals+demand+Gujaristan+in+J%26K&rft.date=2002-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressindia.com%2Ffullstory.php%3Fnewsid%3D13233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-businessline_outside_jungle-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-businessline_outside_jungle_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-businessline_outside_jungle_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRadhakrishna_Rao2000" class="citation web cs1">Radhakrishna Rao (4 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070528103747/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/2000/09/04/stories/100444m8.htm">"Outside the jungle book"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu_Business_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindu Business Line">The Hindu Business Line</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/2000/09/04/stories/100444m8.htm">the original</a> on 28 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu+Business+Line&rft.atitle=Outside+the+jungle+book&rft.date=2000-09-04&rft.au=Radhakrishna+Rao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fbusinessline%2F2000%2F09%2F04%2Fstories%2F100444m8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bound-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bound_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bound_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Benanav2018" class="citation book cs1">Michael Benanav (2018). <i>Himalaya Bound: One Family's Quest to Save Their Animals - and an Ancient Way of Life</i>. Pegasus Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalaya+Bound%3A+One+Family%27s+Quest+to+Save+Their+Animals+-+and+an+Ancient+Way+of+Life&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Michael+Benanav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Benanav2009" class="citation web cs1">Michael Benanav (31 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2009/0731/p17s07-wosc.html">"Is there room for India's nomads?"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Is+there+room+for+India%27s+nomads%3F&rft.date=2009-07-31&rft.au=Michael+Benanav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FAsia-South-Central%2F2009%2F0731%2Fp17s07-wosc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240815112219/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/who-are-the-gujjars/story-cHGOp2jkDxjWspEpXZuBAM.html">"Who are the Gujjars?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 3 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/who-are-the-gujjars/story-cHGOp2jkDxjWspEpXZuBAM.html">the original</a> on 15 August 2024. <q>In Pakistan, they comprise as much as 20 per cent of the population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Gujjars%3F&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fwho-are-the-gujjars%2Fstory-cHGOp2jkDxjWspEpXZuBAM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyon1999" class="citation web cs1">Lyon, Stephen (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240818093731/https://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/SLyon/Reports/gujarism.html">"Gujars and Gujarism: simple quaum versus network activism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">University of Kent</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/SLyon/Reports/gujarism.html">the original</a> on 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Kent&rft.atitle=Gujars+and+Gujarism%3A+simple+quaum+versus+network+activism&rft.date=1999-05&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fera.anthropology.ac.uk%2FEra_Resources%2FEra%2FSLyon%2FReports%2Fgujarism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTyagi2009" class="citation book cs1">Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). <i>Martial races of undivided India</i>. Delhi: Kalpaz. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-775-1"><bdi>978-81-7835-775-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martial+races+of+undivided+India&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Kalpaz&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-775-1&rft.aulast=Tyagi&rft.aufirst=Vidya+Prakash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240818094524/https://kp.gov.pk/page/races_and_tribes">"Races and Tribes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kp.gov.pk/page/races_and_tribes">the original</a> on 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Khyber+Pakhtunkhwa&rft.atitle=Races+and+Tribes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkp.gov.pk%2Fpage%2Fraces_and_tribes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoggio2008" class="citation web cs1">Roggio, Bill (17 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240818151733/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/taliban_desecrate_bo.php">"Taliban desecrate body of slain opposing tribal leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FDD%27s_Long_War_Journal" title="FDD's Long War Journal">FDD's Long War Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2008/12/taliban_desecrate_bo.php">the original</a> on 18 August 2024. <q>Samiullah was the first tribal leader in Swat to raise a lashkar, or tribal army, to oppose the Taliban. He claimed to have organized more than 10,000 tribesmen to oppose the Taliban and protect 20 villages. Samiullah and his followers are members of the Gujjar community, which is a group distinct from the dominant Pashtun tribal confederations that support the Taliban.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Taliban+desecrate+body+of+slain+opposing+tribal+leader&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft.aulast=Roggio&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2008%2F12%2Ftaliban_desecrate_bo.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw.org-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/pakistan0906/3.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"With Friends Like These...": Human Rights Violations in Azad Kashmir: II. Background"</a>. Human Rights Watch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308175448/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/pakistan0906/3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>While the Gujjars, numbering close to eight hundred thousand, are possibly the largest such group (...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22With+Friends+Like+These...%22%3A+Human+Rights+Violations+in+Azad+Kashmir%3A+II.+Background&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2006%2Fpakistan0906%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d712-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-d712_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgency2021" class="citation web cs1">Agency, Anadolu (17 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/2311080/caste-ethnic-loyalties-decide-poll-favourites-in-ajk">"Caste, ethnic loyalties decide poll favourites in AJK"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Caste%2C+ethnic+loyalties+decide+poll+favourites+in+AJK&rft.date=2021-07-17&rft.aulast=Agency&rft.aufirst=Anadolu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F2311080%2Fcaste-ethnic-loyalties-decide-poll-favourites-in-ajk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994" class="citation book cs1">Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AmVuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Making of Early Medieval India</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195634150" title="Special:BookSources/9780195634150"><bdi>9780195634150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Early+Medieval+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780195634150&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyaya&rft.aufirst=Brajadulal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAmVuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2012" class="citation book cs1">Singh, David Emmanuel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=upk5AgAAQBAJ"><i>Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response</i></a>. Boston: Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61451-185-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61451-185-4"><bdi>978-1-61451-185-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamization+in+Modern+South+Asia%3A+Deobandi+Reform+and+the+Gujjar+Response&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-61451-185-4&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=David+Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dupk5AgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRawat1993" class="citation cs2">Rawat, Ajay Singh (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvNQU4VFrbgC"><i>Man and Forests: The Khatta and Gujjar Settlements of Sub-Himalayan Tarai</i></a>, Indus Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85182-97-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85182-97-1"><bdi>978-81-85182-97-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+and+Forests%3A+The+Khatta+and+Gujjar+Settlements+of+Sub-Himalayan+Tarai&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-81-85182-97-1&rft.aulast=Rawat&rft.aufirst=Ajay+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvNQU4VFrbgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHāṇḍā1998" class="citation cs2">Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JFPnh9B5zncC&pg=PA257"><i>Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya</i></a>, Indus Publishing, pp. 257–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-076-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-076-7"><bdi>978-81-7387-076-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles%2C+Costumes%2C+and+Ornaments+of+the+Western+Himalaya&rft.pages=257-&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-076-7&rft.aulast=H%C4%81%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Omacanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJFPnh9B5zncC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGurjar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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title="Bumla">Bhumla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechi_(clan)" title="Chechi (clan)">Chechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhakkar">Dhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doi_(clan)" title="Doi (clan)">Doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogar_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogar (clan)">Dogar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun clan">Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapasia">Kapasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatana" title="Khatana">Khatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunduana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunduana">Kunduana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lohsar">Lohsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meelu_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meelu (clan)">Meelu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundan">Mundan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekari" title="Nekari">Nekari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana (clan)">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas_(clan)" title="Tas (clan)">Tas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurjar_clans" title="List of Gurjar clans"><i>More</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rajasthani_people65" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_groups_of_Rajasthan" title="Template:Social groups of Rajasthan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_groups_of_Rajasthan" title="Template talk:Social groups of Rajasthan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_groups_of_Rajasthan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social groups of Rajasthan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rajasthani_people65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_people" title="Rajasthani people">Rajasthani people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hindu and Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan" title="Charan">Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravana_Rajputs" title="Ravana Rajputs">Ravana Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpurohit" title="Rajpurohit">Rajpurohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabari" title="Rabari">Rabari</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurjar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjana_Chaudhari" title="Anjana Chaudhari">Anjana Chaudhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnoi" title="Bishnoi">Bishnoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangi_people" title="Dangi people">Dangi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakar" title="Dhakar">Dhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(caste)" title="Kachhi (caste)">Kachhi (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirar" title="Kirar">Kirar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seervi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seervi">Seervi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagi" title="Tyagi">Tyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natrayat_Rajputs" title="Natrayat Rajputs">Natrayat Rajputs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrayat_Charans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrayat Charans (page does not exist)">Natrayat Charans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercantile communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandelwal_Vaishya" title="Khandelwal Vaishya">Khandelwal Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathur_Vaishya" title="Mathur Vaishya">Mathur Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_(community)" title="Nema (community)">Nema (community)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwa" title="Patwa">Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawaria" title="Gawaria">Gawaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranwal" title="Baranwal">Baranwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafna" title="Bafna">Bafna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawagi" title="Sarawagi">Sarawagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimal_Jain" title="Shrimal Jain">Shrimal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vankar" title="Vankar">Vankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerwal" title="Veerwal">Veerwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayvargiya" title="Vijayvargiya">Vijayvargiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewat" title="Kewat">Kewat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maheshwari" title="Maheshwari">Maheshwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artisan communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soni_(caste)" title="Soni (caste)">Soni (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadia_Lohar" title="Gadia Lohar">Gadia Lohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwar_(caste)" title="Kalwar (caste)">Kalwar (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharol" title="Kharol">Kharol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinjara" title="Pinjara">Pinjara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajput_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajput Mali (page does not exist)">Rajput Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regar" title="Regar">Regar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunar" title="Sunar">Sunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli" title="Teli">Teli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thathera" title="Thathera">Thathera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suthar" title="Suthar">Suthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halwai" title="Halwai">Halwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(caste)" title="Nai (caste)">Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvi_(caste)" title="Salvi (caste)">Salvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghwal" title="Meghwal">Meghwal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genealogist communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81ts" title="Bhāts">Bhāts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaga_(Rajasthan)" title="Jaga (Rajasthan)">Jaga (Rajasthan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_(caste)" title="Rawal (caste)">Rawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motisar_(caste)" title="Motisar (caste)">Motisar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priest communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopa" title="Bhopa">Bhopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_(community)" title="Guru (community)">Guru (community)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpurohit" title="Rajpurohit">Rajpurohit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawal_(caste)" title="Rawal (caste)">Rawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmins">Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakaldwipiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakaldwipiya">Sevag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhil" title="Bhil">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Meena" title="Bhil Meena">Bhil Meena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meena" title="Meena">Meena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Gametia" title="Bhil Gametia">Bhil Gametia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Mama" title="Bhil Mama">Bhil Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rath_tribe" title="Rath tribe">Rath tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharia" title="Saharia">Saharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_people" title="Sansi people">Sansi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirgar" title="Tirgar">Tirgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagri" title="Vagri">Vagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Baoria" title="Van Baoria">Van Baoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateliya" title="Pateliya">Pateliya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rajputs" title="Muslim Rajputs">Muslim Rajputs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meo_(ethnic_group)" title="Meo (ethnic group)">Meo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwa" title="Chadwa">Chadwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churigar" title="Churigar">Churigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanchi_(Muslim)" title="Ghanchi (Muslim)">Ghanchi (Muslim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussaini_Brahmin" title="Hussaini Brahmin">Hussaini Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadem_(caste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khadem (caste)">Khadem (caste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Gaddi" title="Muslim Gaddi">Muslim Gaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rangrez" title="Muslim Rangrez">Muslim Rangrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qassab" title="Qassab">Qassab</a></li> <li>Hiranbaz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaikhs_of_Rajasthan" title="Shaikhs of Rajasthan">Shaikhs of Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silawat" title="Silawat">Silawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi-Sipahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi-Sipahi">Sindhi-Sipahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singiwala" title="Singiwala">Singiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorgar" title="Sorgar">Sorgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hela_Mehtar" title="Hela Mehtar">Hela Mehtar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Musician_communities20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musician communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manganiar" title="Manganiar">Manganiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langha_(tribe)" title="Langha (tribe)">Langha (tribe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirasi" title="Mirasi">Mirasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marathi_people107" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marathi_people107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra people">Marathi people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandraseniya_Kayastha_Prabhu" title="Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu">Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Brahmin" title="Marathi Brahmin">Marathi Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathare_Prabhu" title="Pathare Prabhu">Pathare Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agri_(caste)" title="Agri (caste)">Agri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bari_(caste)" title="Bari (caste)">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari_(caste)" title="Bhandari (caste)">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangar" title="Dhangar">Dhangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabit" title="Gabit">Gabit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharvi" title="Kharvi">Kharvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leva_Patel" title="Leva Patel">Leva Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_caste" title="Mali caste">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchkalshi" title="Panchkalshi">Panchkalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahyavanshi" title="Mahyavanshi">Mahyavanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangela_Kolis" title="Mangela Kolis">Mangela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powari_language" title="Powari language">Powar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercantile communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daivadnya" title="Daivadnya">Daivadnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattegar" title="Pattegar">Khatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komati_(caste)" title="Komati (caste)">Komati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimpi" title="Shimpi">Shimpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunar" title="Sunar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya_Vani" title="Vaishya Vani">Vaishya Vani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artisan communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beldar" title="Beldar">Beldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi" title="Bhoi">Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burud_(caste)" title="Burud (caste)">Burud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaukalshi" title="Chaukalshi">Chaukalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chambhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband" title="Chhaparband">Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhobi" title="Dhobi">Dhobi (Parit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhor">Dhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavli" title="Gavli">Gavli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holar_caste" title="Holar caste">Holar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holeya" title="Holeya">Holeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjar" title="Kanjar">Kanjarbhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwar_(caste)" title="Kalwar (caste)">Kalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatik" title="Khatik">Khatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhati" title="Kolhati">Kolhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshta" title="Koshta">Koshti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonaria" title="Lonaria">Lonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohar_(caste)" title="Lohar (caste)">Lohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_(caste)" title="Mang (caste)">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(caste)" title="Nai (caste)">Nhavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasali_(caste)" title="Padmasali (caste)">Padmasali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliya" title="Saliya">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutar" title="Sutar">Sutar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli" title="Teli">Teli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twashta_Kasar" title="Twashta Kasar">Twashta Kasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddera" title="Vaddera">Vadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priest communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitpavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitpavan">Chitpavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmin" title="Deshastha Brahmin">Deshastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devrukhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Devrukhe">Devrukhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomantak_Maratha_Samaj" title="Gomantak Maratha Samaj">Gomantak Maratha Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosains" title="Gosains">Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurav" title="Gurav">Gurav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin" title="Karhade Brahmin">Karhade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudaldeshkar_Gaud_Brahmin" title="Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmin">Kudaldeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palshi" title="Palshi">Palshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaud_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Gaud Saraswat Brahmin">Saraswat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamedi">Shamedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andh" title="Andh">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barda_(tribe)" title="Barda (tribe)">Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjhal" title="Binjhal">Binjhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia" title="Dhodia">Dhodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Mavchi" title="Bhil Mavchi">Gavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowari" title="Gowari">Gowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halba_(tribe)" title="Halba (tribe)">Halba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halpati" title="Halpati">Halpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_(tribe)" title="Kanwar (tribe)">Kanwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_people" title="Katkari people">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokna">Kokna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_people" title="Korku people">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihali_language" title="Nihali language">Nahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakar_(tribe)" title="Thakar (tribe)">Thakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasava" title="Vasava">Vasava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warli" title="Warli">Warli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nomadic communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan" title="Charan">Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimar" title="Dhimar">Dhiwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gav-Paradhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gav-Paradhi">Gav-Paradhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Nath Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahar" title="Kahar">Kahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikadi_people" title="Kaikadi people">Kaikadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_Pardhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase Pardhi">Phase Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoshi" title="Ramoshi">Ramoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagri" title="Vagri">Waghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Marathi Jains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagherwal" title="Bagherwal">Bagherwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturtha" title="Chaturtha">Chaturtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhakad">Dhakad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Panchama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitwal" title="Saitwal">Saitwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upajjhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Upajjhaya">Upajjhaya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Immigrant_Jain_communities26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humad" title="Humad">Humad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiswal_Jain" title="Jaiswal Jain">Jaiswal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliwal" title="Paliwal">Paliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Porwad">Porwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawagi" title="Sarawagi">Sarawagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimali">Shrimali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nawayath" title="Nawayath">Nawayath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Muslims" title="Marathi Muslims">Maharashtrian Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attar_(caste)" title="Attar (caste)">Attar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghban" title="Baghban">Baghban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishti" title="Bhishti">Bhishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaush_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaush (India)">Chaush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccanis" title="Deccanis">Deccani Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqir_(clan)" title="Faqir (clan)">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garodi" title="Garodi">Garodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_(caste)" title="Multani (caste)">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband_(Muslim)" title="Chhaparband (Muslim)">Muslim Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Raj_Gond" title="Muslim Raj Gond">Muslim Raj Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachar" title="Kachar">Kachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadia_(Muslim)" title="Kadia (Muslim)">Kadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinjara" title="Pinjara">Pinjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qassab" title="Qassab">Qassab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiqalgar" title="Saiqalgar">Saiqalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadvi_Bhil" title="Tadvi Bhil">Tadvi Bhil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Marathi Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahar" title="Mahar">Mahar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_Christians" title="Koli Christians">Koli Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalak_people" title="Dalak people">Dalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurjars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_groups_of_Afghanistan" title="Peripatetic groups of Afghanistan">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Afghanistan" title="Russians in Afghanistan">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/17px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/34px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rayeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayeen">Rayeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mian (tribe)">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehr_(name)" title="Mehr (name)">Mehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardar_(surname)" title="Kardar (surname)">Kardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramay" title="Ramay">Ramay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutto_(clan)" title="Bhutto (clan)">Bhutto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ahir_clans" title="Ahir clans">Ahirs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaduvanshi_Ahirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaduvanshi Ahirs">Yaduvanshi Ahirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosi_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghosi tribe">Ghosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Ghosi" title="Hindu Ghosi">Hindu Ghosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahar_caste" title="Ahar caste">Aharwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranghar" title="Ranghar">Ranghar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauhan Dynasty">Chauhans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandowa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khandowa (tribe)">Khandowya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dharmi" title="Ad-Dharmi">Ad-Dharmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuhra" title="Chuhra">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazigar" title="Bazigar">Bazigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatik" title="Khatik">Khatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi_(Hindu)" title="Mochi (Hindu)">Mochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirasi" title="Mirasi">Mirasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_(caste)" title="Nat (caste)">Nat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdasia" title="Ramdasia">Ramdasia Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravidassia religion">Ravidasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gakhars" title="Gakhars">Gakhars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayani_Ghakar" title="Kayani Ghakar">Kayani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gurjars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhati" title="Bhati">Bhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisla" title="Baisla">Baisla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatana" title="Khatana">Khatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aulakh" title="Aulakh">Aulakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajwa" title="Bajwa">Bajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutta_(surname)" title="Bhutta (surname)">Bhutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttar" title="Buttar">Buttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaudhary">Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheema_(surname)" title="Cheema (surname)">Cheema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_dynasty" title="Chauhan dynasty">Chohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhankhar" title="Dhankhar">Dhankhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deol" title="Deol">Deol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill (surname)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grewal" title="Grewal">Grewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswal" title="Jaswal">Jaswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlon" title="Kahlon">Kahlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharal" title="Kharal">Kharal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_(surname)" title="Maan (surname)">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhi_(Jat_clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malhi (Jat clan)">Malhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_(surname)" title="Noon (surname)">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjha_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjha clan">Ranjha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randhawa" title="Randhawa">Randhawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhu" title="Sandhu">Sandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhon" title="Sekhon">Sekhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhu" title="Sidhu">Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sial_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sial tribe">Sial tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipra">Sipra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodhi" title="Sodhi">Sodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohal" title="Sohal">Sohal</a></li> <li>Tiwana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppal_(surname)" title="Uppal (surname)">Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virk" title="Virk">Virk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warraich_(clan)" title="Warraich (clan)">Warraich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyne_(surname)" title="Wyne (surname)">Wyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labana" title="Labana">Labana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labana" title="Labana">Labana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_(name)" title="Anand (name)">Anand</a></li> <li>Bhamba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhambri" title="Bhambri">Bhambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari" title="Bhandari">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhasin">Bhasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindra" title="Bindra">Bindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadha" title="Chadha">Chadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopra_(surname)" title="Chopra (surname)">Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawan" title="Dhawan">Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggal" title="Duggal">Duggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambhir" title="Gambhir">Gambhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghai" title="Ghai">Ghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujral" title="Gujral">Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkar" title="Kakkar">Kakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhari" title="Kandhari">Kandhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapoor" title="Kapoor">Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanna_(name)" title="Khanna (name)">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khattar_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khattar (clan)">Khattar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetarpal" title="Khetarpal">Khetarpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosla" title="Khosla">Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khukhrain" title="Khukhrain">Khukhrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohli_(clan)" title="Kohli (clan)">Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khullar" title="Khullar">Khullar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_(surname)" title="Madan (surname)">Madan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhok">Madhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendru" title="Mahendru">Mahendru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makan_(name)" title="Makan (name)">Makan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhotra" title="Malhotra">Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehra" title="Mehra">Mehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrotra" title="Mehrotra">Mehrotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpal" title="Nagpal">Nagpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(surname)" title="Nanda (surname)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narula" title="Narula">Narula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayar_(name)" title="Nayar (name)">Nayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijhawan_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nijhawan (surname)">Nijhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberoi" title="Oberoi">Oberoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(surname)" title="Puri (surname)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Roshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabharwal" title="Sabharwal">Sabharwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahni" title="Sahni">Sahni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehgal" title="Sehgal">Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_(surname)" title="Seth (surname)">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sethi" title="Sethi">Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodhi" title="Sodhi">Sodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sohi_(clan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sohi (clan) (page does not exist)">Sohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar_(surname)" title="Talwar (surname)">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandon" title="Tandon">Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapar_(surname)" title="Thapar (surname)">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trehan_(surname)" title="Trehan (surname)">Trehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadera" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadera">Vadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadra" title="Vadra">Vadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vohra" title="Vohra">Vohra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mohyal_Brahmin" title="Mohyal Brahmin">Mohyal Brahmin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali_clan" title="Bali clan">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimwal" title="Bhimwal">Bhimwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhibber" title="Chhibber">Chhibber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datt" title="Datt">Datt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lau clan">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_(clan)" title="Mohan (clan)">Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaid_(surname)" title="Vaid (surname)">Vaid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarral" title="Jarral">Jarral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair_Rajput" class="mw-redirect" title="Mair Rajput">Mair Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhati" title="Bhati">Bhatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janjua" title="Janjua">Janjua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathore_(Rajput_clan)" title="Rathore (Rajput clan)">Rathore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauhan Dynasty">Chauhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhas" title="Minhas">Minhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswal" title="Jaswal">Jaswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_(name)" title="Rana (name)">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattoo_(surname)" title="Wattoo (surname)">Wattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan_(Punjab)" title="Tarkhan (Punjab)">Tarkhans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panesar" title="Panesar">Panesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohal" title="Sohal">Sohal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora" title="Arora">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagga" title="Bagga">Bagga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakarwal" title="Bakarwal">Bakarwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bania_(caste)" title="Bania (caste)">Bania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogar" title="Dogar">Dogar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saini" title="Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_people" title="Sansi people">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Shaikh" title="Punjabi Shaikh">Shaikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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