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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahars" title="Mahars – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mahars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="महार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="महार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="महार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மஹர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஹர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مہار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مہار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE" title="馬哈爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬哈爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mahar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mahar.jpg/250px-Mahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mahar.jpg/330px-Mahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Mahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"A Mahar woman", a watercolour by <a href="/wiki/M._V._Dhurandhar" title="M. V. Dhurandhar">M. V. Dhurandhar</a>, 1928</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">10 million<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Mahar make around 10% of Maharashtra population. The number here is too high (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,006,060</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">819,416</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">245,220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">66,068</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">34,793 <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28,417</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21,304</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Andhrapradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhrapradesh">Andhrapradesh</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">12,872</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,536</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,980</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,822</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></th><td class="infobox-data">224</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">110</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahirani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahirani language">Ahirani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>:<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/20px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/40px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a><br /><b>Minority</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mahar</b> is one of the Indian caste found largely in the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and neighbouring areas.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clothey2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clothey2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Mahar community followed <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> in converting to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in India">Buddhism</a> in the middle of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zelliot_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zelliot-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017 the Mahar caste was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Caste">Scheduled Caste</a> in 16 Indian states. </p><p>Most Mahars converted to Buddhism in response to the injustices of the caste system practiced within Brahmanism. Thus, the practice of untouchability began and continued for generations. It was the primary reason for most of the Mahar community to follow Dr. <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> in embracing <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in India">Buddhism</a> and re-establishing it in the middle of the 20th century. </p><p>Most of the Mahar trace their descent (bloodline) from the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharatas</a> <a href="/wiki/Pandava" title="Pandava">Pandava</a>. The Mahar claim to have taken part in the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> war and subsequently settled in Maharashtra. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mahars are considered to be the original inhabitants of Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community is also known as <i>Kathiwale</i> (Men with Sticks), <i>Bumiputera</i> and (Sons of the Soil), Mirasi (Landlords). Traditionally they have the role of defending village boundaries from outsiders, invading tribes, criminals, and thieves. The <i>Kathiwale</i> name represents their former duty as village administrator. They were also responsible for maintaining law and order throughout the villages as administrators. The Mahars have a long and proud tradition of bearing arms.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the time of early Islamic rule, villages in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> were part of the <a href="/wiki/Bara_Balutedar" title="Bara Balutedar">Baluta</a> system. In that system, different castes were assigned different roles, each with its own tasks and rights. The duties assigned to the Mahar in the Baluta system included being village watchmen, trackers of thieves, messengers, wall menders, adjudicators of boundary disputes, and suppliers of coarse cloth to the village. In return for these services, the village granted them a <i><a href="/wiki/Vatandar" title="Vatandar">watan</a></i>, or rights to a small piece of land to do their own cultivation. The <i>watan</i> also included a share of village produce.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also worked at times as agricultural labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Mahar were socio-economically above most other untouchable groups because their traditional role had been important in the village administrative system. This had necessitated that they had at least a rudimentary education, and frequently brought them into contact with upper-caste Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In the Baluta system, apart from many traditional duties mentioned above, the Mahar were assigned work of removing dead cattle from the village, they also started eating the meat from the cattle that had died naturally.<sup id="cite_ref-valunjkar_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valunjkar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This formed the basis for the caste being treated as <a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchables</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kshīrasāgara1994_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kshīrasāgara1994-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mahar community defends consumption of beef by saying the <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famines</a> were the reason they started eating the beef.<sup id="cite_ref-2008Basham_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008Basham-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_Era">Islamic Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Islamic Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Islamic rule, the Mahar served as soldiers in various armies of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Sultanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan Sultanates">Deccan Sultanates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 14th century, Mahar <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a> saint <a href="/wiki/Chokhamela" title="Chokhamela">Chokhamela</a>, and many of his family members such as <a href="/wiki/Karmamela" title="Karmamela">Karmamela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Banka" title="Sant Banka">Banka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Nirmala" title="Sant Nirmala">Nirmala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sant_Soyarabai" title="Sant Soyarabai">Soyarabai</a> became popular for their religious poetry called <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">abhang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KingBrockington2005_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingBrockington2005-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kosambi2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kosambi2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maratha_era">Maratha era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maratha era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahar served in various armies over several centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> king <a href="/wiki/Shivaji_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivaji Maharaj">Shivaji Maharaj</a> recruited a number of them into his army in the 17th century due to their loyalty and bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-White_1994_39–60_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_1994_39–60-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They served as guards in hill forts and as soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mahar along with the Koli and Marathas defended the fort of Purandar from Dilerkhan's Mughal army in 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_India">British India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_(1916)_(14740799376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg/250px-The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg/330px-The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg/500px-The_tribes_and_castes_of_the_Central_Provinces_of_India_%281916%29_%2814740799376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>A Mahar Man winding thread from <i>The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India</i> (1916)</figcaption></figure> <p>Under British rule, the Mahars became aware of the scope for social and political advancement. Their traditional role had been low-status but important in the village system.<sup id="cite_ref-Gupta_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_role_under_the_British">Military role under the British</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military role under the British"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg/220px-Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg/330px-Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg/440px-Bhima_Koregaon_Victory_Pillar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Bhima Koregaon Victory Pillar</figcaption></figure> <p>During the colonial period, large numbers of Mahars and dhors were recruited for military duties by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">East India Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Koregaon" title="Battle of Koregaon">Battle of Koregaon</a> (1 January 1818) is commemorated by an obelisk known as the Koregaon pillar—which was erected at the site of the battle—and by a medal issued in 1851. The pillar featured on the Mahar Regiment crest until the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">Independence of India</a>; it is inscribed with the names of 22 Mahars killed at the battle. The victory pillar serves as focal point of Mahar heroism.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mahar began their service to the East India company around 1750. 20-25% of the British Bombay Army was Mahar. Their conduct as soldiers was praised by many <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> officers. Mahars were a vital component of the <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> Marine Battalion. In the East India Company Army they participated in various wars including <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second Anglo-Maratha War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Afghan War">Second Afghan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-White_1994_39–60_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_1994_39–60-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 1857 mutiny, the British decided to change their military recruitment policy One report "emphasized that we cannot practically ignore it [the caste system], so long as the natives socially maintain it". This led to the discrimination against the Mahars, other low castes, and some unreliable <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> castes.<sup id="cite_ref-White_1994_39–60_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_1994_39–60-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahar recruitment reached its nadir in the early 1890s (sources differ as to exact year) when <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> in favour of "<a href="/wiki/Martial_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial races">martial races</a>," specially north-western communities halted recruitment of Mahars.<sup id="cite_ref-zelliot_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zelliot-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mahar community attempted to confront this block with a petition circulated among the Mahar, <a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chamar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mang_(caste)" title="Mang (caste)">Mang</a> former soldiers—all Marathi-speaking lower castes—but the movement was unable to organise and submit their petition.<sup id="cite_ref-zelliot_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zelliot-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attempt at a challenge had been spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Baba_Walangkar" title="Gopal Baba Walangkar">Gopal Baba Walangkar</a>, himself a Mahar, dhor and former soldier, but he found that Mahar military pensioners were unwilling to sign because they feared that they might lose their pensions. Thus, by the beginning of World War I, there were few Mahars left in the Army.<sup id="cite_ref-teltumbde_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teltumbde-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Mahar regiment was created during World War I but only for a few years and because of British desperation for additional troops. In 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar Regiment</a> proper was created.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Basham2008_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Basham2008-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jyotirao_Phule">Jyotirao Phule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jyotirao Phule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1873, <a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj" title="Satyashodhak Samaj">Satyashodhak Samaj</a>—which aimed to abolish religious slavery—organised Mahars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Phule started school for the mahars but what did he do to "organise " them? (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At that time, Mahars were not allowed to enter Hindu temples and were considered <a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">unclean</a>. Even their entry into the shrines of Hindu gods was restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marc-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first conference was held in Mumbai in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shahu_of_Kolhapur">Shahu of Kolhapur</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shahu of Kolhapur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a>, the ruler of the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_State" title="Kolhapur State">Kolhapur</a>, abolished Mahar watan in 1918 and freed the Mahars in his territory from the slavery imposed by the society of the day. He also gave them all the human rights and equality that others enjoy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="B._R._Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: B. R. Ambedkar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 20th century, top leader <a href="/wiki/Bhimrao_Ramji_Ambedkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar">Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar</a> organized the Mahars and created radical political awakening among them and inspired them to pay attention towards <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>. Before his death in 1956, Ambedkar, along with millions of his Mahar followers, converted to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as a protest against the caste discrimination of Hindus.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969, the Mahars constituted about 70% of the total <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Caste" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Caste">Scheduled Caste</a> population and also represented about 9% of population of the state of Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahar is numerically the largest Scheduled Caste in Maharashtra, according to the <a href="/wiki/2001_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Census of India">2001 Census of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Mahar community was designated as a Scheduled Caste (SC) in 16 Indian states, being: <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, Maharashtra, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2011 census, the Mahar population in Maharashtra is 80,06,060, which is 60.31% among Scheduled Castes, and 7.12% in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_Social_stratification">Culture and Social stratification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture and Social stratification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mahar" title="Special:EditPage/Mahar">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Historically Mahar had "12 and half" endogamous subcastes. The major subcastes include Ladvanshi (derived from "<a href="/wiki/Lata_(region)" title="Lata (region)">Lata</a> Pradesh" current <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>), Somvanshi, Andhavanshi, Tilvanshi, Bawane (<a href="/wiki/Bhavani" title="Bhavani">Bhavani</a> Mahar), Gondvanshi, Kadvanshi and Kosare. These subcaste names are not totemistic. Some of the subcaste names represent the territory they controlled or occupied, while other subcaste names represent the acts their founders did. The Somavanshi Mahar trace their descent (bloodline) from the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>'s Pandava. The Somavanshi Mahar claim to have taken part in the Mahabharata war and subsequently settled in Maharashtra. Before converting to Buddhism these subcastes would not marry and eat with one another.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mahars of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a> speak a non-standard version of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>. When a Mahar meets a man of his own caste he says <i>Namastu</i>, and when he meets anyone other than a Mahar he says <i>Johar</i> (possibly from the Sanskrit <i>Yoddhar </i>(<i><a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a></i>). Mahars belonging to different regions are not permitted to intermarry unless some family connection can be traced between them. The Mahars are divided into number of exogamous <i>groups</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Clans">clans</a></i> or <i>kuls</i>. There is evidence that each of the exogamous group historically owned and worshipped <i><a href="/wiki/Devak" title="Devak">Devak</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">Totem</a></i>, which is important at the time of a marriage ceremony. Members of families with a common <i>Devak</i> cannot intermarry. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Clan System of Mahar </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Clan</th> <th>Totem </th></tr> <tr> <td>Bagad</td> <td>Umbar (Ficus glomerata) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat">Bhagat</a></td> <td>Cobra </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaekwad" title="Gaekwad">Gaekwad</a></td> <td>Crab, sunflower, Kohala (Cucurbita Pivi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jadhav" title="Jadhav">Jadhav</a></td> <td>Palm (Borassus Flabellzjerz, Pankanis (Typha Angustata), Tortoise(Kasav) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadam</a></td> <td>Kadamba (Anthocephalus Cadumba). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mohite</td> <td>Umbar (Ficus Glomerata) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A8_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morè (clan)">More</a></td> <td>Peacock </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Satpal" title="Satpal">Satpal</a></td> <td>Cobra </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shevale</td> <td>Nagvel (Pieper Betle) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sonkamble</td> <td>Champa (Mesua Ferrea). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar Dynasty">Suryavanshi</a></td> <td>Sunflower </td></tr> <tr> <td>Talvatke</td> <td>Copper </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tambe</td> <td>Umbar (Ficus Glomerata). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zankare</td> <td>Mango, Umbar, Zambul. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In most of cases <i>Devak</i> has become became obsolete and has been replaced by a composite <i>Devak</i> called <i>Panchpalvi</i> composed of the leaves of five trees.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> Few examples of Panchpalvi are, </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a> <ul><li>Arkathi</li> <li>Borkathi</li> <li>Jambul</li> <li>Mango</li> <li>Ruchkin</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Poona</a> <ul><li>Mango</li> <li>Pipal</li> <li>Rui</li> <li>Shami</li> <li>Umbar</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Independence_Era">After Independence Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: After Independence Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being the second largest community in Maharashtra after the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Maratha (caste)</a>, the Mahar community has little to no representation in the upper levels of Maharashtra politics. This is due to lack of unity within the community, inter-personal conflicts and rivalries, and ineffective leadership.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalit_literature">Dalit literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dalit literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Zelliot" title="Eleanor Zelliot">Eleanor Zelliot</a> asserts that <a href="/wiki/Dalit_literature" title="Dalit literature">Dalit literature</a> originated in Marathi-speaking areas of Maharashtra. She credits Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, a Mahar, for inspiring many Dalit writers. <a href="/wiki/Baburao_Bagul" title="Baburao Bagul">Baburao Bagul</a> (1930–2008), <a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Kharat" title="Shankarrao Kharat">Shankarrao Kharat</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandhu_Madhav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandhu Madhav (page does not exist)">Bandhu Madhav</a> were early Marathi writers from the Mahar community.<sup id="cite_ref-chap23_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chap23-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mahar writer <a href="/wiki/Namdeo_Dhasal" title="Namdeo Dhasal">Namdeo Dhasal</a> (who founded <a href="/wiki/Dalit_Panther" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalit Panther">Dalit Panther</a>) was significant in the Dalit movement.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable Mahar authors writing in Marathi include <a href="/wiki/Shantabai_Kamble" title="Shantabai Kamble">Shantabai Kamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urmila_Pawar" title="Urmila Pawar">Urmila Pawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Dhale" title="Raja Dhale">Raja Dhale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daya_Pawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Daya Pawar">Daya Pawar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Jadhav" title="Narendra Jadhav">Narendra Jadhav</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nava_Jetavana_Temple_-_Shravasti_-_015_Dr_Ambedkar_and_his_Followers_become_Buddhists_in_1956_(9241722749).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nava_Jetavana_Temple_-_Shravasti_-_015_Dr_Ambedkar_and_his_Followers_become_Buddhists_in_1956_%289241722749%29.jpg/250px-Nava_Jetavana_Temple_-_Shravasti_-_015_Dr_Ambedkar_and_his_Followers_become_Buddhists_in_1956_%289241722749%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nava_Jetavana_Temple_-_Shravasti_-_015_Dr_Ambedkar_and_his_Followers_become_Buddhists_in_1956_%289241722749%29.jpg/500px-Nava_Jetavana_Temple_-_Shravasti_-_015_Dr_Ambedkar_and_his_Followers_become_Buddhists_in_1956_%289241722749%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dalit_Buddhist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalit Buddhist Movement">Dalit Buddhist Movement</a> was begun by <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> when he converted with his followers in 1956 in <a href="/wiki/Deekshabhoomi" title="Deekshabhoomi">Deekshabhoomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Religion-wise population of the Mahars, as per 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Buddhist Mahars – 49,43,821 (61.75%)</li> <li>Hindu Mahars – 30,54,158 (38.15%)</li> <li>Sikh Mahars – 8,081 (0.10%)</li> <li>Total Mahars – 80,06,060 (100%)</li></ul> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>, 62% of Mahars stated Buddhism as their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Scheduled Caste Hindus (Dalit Hindus) in Maharashtra, the proportion of Mahars is the highest at 38%. And 95% of Scheduled Caste Buddhists (Neo-Buddhists) and 70% of Scheduled Caste Sikhs (Dalit Sikhs) belong to the Mahar caste.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Marathi Buddhists</a></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he converted to Buddhism at <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> in 1956, many Mahars among his followers chose to do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Buddhists, they gave up their traditional Hindu occupations and sought to redefine their social status.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ambedkar died about two months after this mass conversion,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after his cremation more Mahars converted to Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, the Buddhist (Mahar) community is the third most populous in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clothey2007_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clothey2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buddhism appealed to the sense of equality for the Mahars<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the extent that some Buddhist Mahar leaders maintain that the term <i>Mahar</i> should no longer be applied to converts to Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As one intellectual of Mahar origin said, "I have accepted Buddhist doctrine. I am Buddhist now. I am not Mahar now, not untouchable nor even Hindu. I have become a human being".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1996 book, authors De and Shastree claimed that it has been difficult for the Neo-buddhists to totally abandon the rituals, practices, and festivals of their old Hindu religion. In 1962, V R Ranpise, an early buddhist convert, wrote a book in Marathi called <i>Boudha Samskar Path</i> as a guide to his fellow converts. It appears, however, that very few have read the book.<sup id="cite_ref-DeShastree1996_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeShastree1996-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the Mahar mass conversion to Buddhism, the important deities of Mahar were <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a> and the <i>varkari</i> saints, <a href="/wiki/Chokhamela" title="Chokhamela">Chokhamela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Dnyaneshwar</a>. Family deities of Mahars are typically <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariamman" title="Mariamman">Maridevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhūmi">Bhumidevi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navanathas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navanathas (page does not exist)">Navanathas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhavani" title="Bhavani">Bhavani</a>. The <i>Nag</i> (king cobra) was particularly revered by the community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree199673_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree199673-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Mahars in Maharashtra practice <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>. According to the 2011 census, there were 11,485 Scheduled Caste (SC) Sikhs in Maharashtra, of which 8,081 were Mahars.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Maharashtra" title="Christianity in Maharashtra">Christianity in Maharashtra</a></div> <p>In the late 19th century, Otto Weishaupt's attempts to evangelise in the <a href="/wiki/Sangamner" title="Sangamner">Sangamner</a> area of Ahmadnagar district met with resistance, but his efforts to promote Christianity did appeal to few Mahars.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legally, <i>Christian Mahars</i> are not considered as <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Castes">Scheduled Castes</a> (SCs).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mahar population in West Bengal, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Jhargram_district" title="Jhargram district">Jhargram</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Medinipur_district" class="mw-redirect" title="West Medinipur district">West Medinipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bankura_district" title="Bankura district">Bankura district</a> might be erroneous entry in 2011 and its four previous decadal census by a section of <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_society" title="Pastoral society">Pastoral society</a>, As their Historical population was 573, 590, N/A, 1666, 6017, 4206, 6760, 12221, 17706, 23630, 28419 and 34,793 in 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-ePop1951_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePop1951-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1921, 1931,<sup id="cite_ref-ePop1951_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePop1951-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1951,<sup id="cite_ref-ePop1951_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePop1951-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census1961_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1961-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-Census1961_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1961-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1993_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1991,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2001<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subsequently. The district-wise distribution of the Mahar community as of the 1951 census was Midnapur (1,487), Birbhum (840), Burdwan (487), Malda (302), West Dinajpur (243), Jalpaiguri (221), Calcutta (177), Bankura (141), 24 Parganas (108), Murshidabad (81), Hooghly (61), Cooch Behar (33), Howrah (19), Darjeeling (3), and Nadia (1).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the actual Mahar population were came to West Bengal from various part of Maharashtra during early 20th century to work in railway workshop and colonies. Nowadays their population thinly scattered all over the state, but mostly in municipal areas. They possess Buddhism except a section of Mahar in Malda district, who are Hindu by religion. By social structure they are divided into exogamous division by their surname, such as <i>Hogragorhe, Meshram, Madaom</i> and <i>Shendey</i>. The marriage rituals are performed with the help of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist priest">Buddhist priest</a> (<i>vikkhuk</i>), the birth pollution is observed till six days but don't conduct naming ceremony and ten day mourning are observed after cremation.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh1993_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGait1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gait, E. A (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55931"><i>Census Of India 1901</i></a>. Vol. V. A (lower Probinces Of Bengal And Their Leudatoties). Part. 2 (Imperial Tables). Bengal Secretariat Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+Of+India+1901&rft.pub=Bengal+Secretariat+Press&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Gait&rft.aufirst=E.+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.55931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ePop1951-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ePop1951_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ePop1951_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ePop1951_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">"4. West Bengal". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1951/CensusIndia1951WestBengalCastes.pdf"><i>ESTIMATED POPULATION BY CASTES, 1951</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. 1954. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409100115/http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/ideologie/data/CensusIndia/CensusIndia1951/CensusIndia1951WestBengalCastes.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+West+Bengal&rft.btitle=ESTIMATED+POPULATION+BY+CASTES%2C+1951&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs%2C+GoI&rft.date=1954&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpiketty.pse.ens.fr%2Ffiles%2Fideologie%2Fdata%2FCensusIndia%2FCensusIndia1951%2FCensusIndia1951WestBengalCastes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDutch1942" class="citation book cs1">Dutch, R. A. (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5094/1/25425_1941_CAS.pdf"><i>CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 (Bengal)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. IV. Caste tables - Appendix. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CENSUS+OF+INDIA%2C+1941+%28Bengal%29&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1942&rft.aulast=Dutch&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsi.gov.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F5094%2F1%2F25425_1941_CAS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1961-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1961_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1961_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGupta1953" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, J. Datta (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/32457/download/35638/45574_1961_SC.pdf"><i>CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 (West Bengal & Sikkim)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. XVI. Tables on Scheduled Castes. p. 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CENSUS+OF+INDIA+1961+%28West+Bengal+%26+Sikkim%29&rft.pages=54&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=J.+Datta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F32457%2Fdownload%2F35638%2F45574_1961_SC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGhosh" class="citation book cs1">Ghosh, Bhaskar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5209/1/39724_1971_SCT.pdf"><i>CENSUS OF INDIA –1971, SERIES-22 (WEST BENGAL)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PART II-C (i) SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES (Tables C-VII and C-VIII). Director of census operation, West Bengal. p. 147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CENSUS+OF+INDIA+%E2%80%931971%2C+SERIES-22+%28WEST+BENGAL%29&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Director+of+census+operation%2C+West+Bengal&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Bhaskar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsi.gov.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F5209%2F1%2F39724_1971_SCT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh1993-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh1993_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh1993_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation book cs1">Singh, K. S. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBowAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Scheduled Castes</i></a>. Anthropological Survey of India. pp. <span class="nowrap">839–</span>841. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563254-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-563254-5"><bdi>978-0-19-563254-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scheduled+Castes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E839-%3C%2Fspan%3E841&rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-563254-5&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmBowAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBanthia2000" class="citation book cs1">Banthia, R. K. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5351/1/39705_1991_SPE.pdf"><i>CENSUS' OF INDIA 1991, SERIES-26, WEST BENGAL PART-VIII(I)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1. SPECIAL TABLES ON SCHEDULED CASTES. 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Psychology Press. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94023-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94023-8"><bdi>978-0-415-94023-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+India%3A+A+Historical+Introduction&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94023-8&rft.au=Fred+Clothey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7s376jMWBcEC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Jaffrelot, Christophe</a> (2005). 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Leiden: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004056742" title="Special:BookSources/9004056742"><bdi>9004056742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religion+and+Legitimation+in+the+Mahar+Movement&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+Legitimation+of+Power+in+South+Asia&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9004056742&rft.aulast=Zelliot&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx2Jzn_LuLasC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClausDiamondMills2003" class="citation book cs1">Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415939195"><i>South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka</i></a>. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93919-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93919-5</bdi></a>. 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Concept Publishing Company. pp. <span class="nowrap">207–</span>208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-17022-726-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-17022-726-7"><bdi>978-8-17022-726-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dalit+Social+Consciousness+in+Western+Maharashtra+in+Colonial+Period+1880-1910&rft.btitle=Continuity+and+Change+in+Indian+Society%3A+Essays+in+Memory+of+Late+Prof.+Narmadeshwar+Prasad&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E207-%3C%2Fspan%3E208&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-8-17022-726-7&rft.aulast=Valunjkar&rft.aufirst=T.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl2Qt9tv2nSkC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kshīrasāgara1994-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kshīrasāgara1994_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRāmacandra_Kshīrasāgara1994" class="citation book cs1">Rāmacandra Kshīrasāgara (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wx218EFVU8MC&pg=PP11"><i>Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956</i></a>. 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Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8763507752" title="Special:BookSources/978-8763507752"><bdi>978-8763507752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Stigma+to+Assertion+%3A+Untouchability%2C+Identity+%26+Politics+in+Early+%26+Modern+India&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8763507752&rft.aulast=Aktor&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft.au=Deli%C3%A8ge%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzmKAqAQpIfwC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeer1997" class="citation book cs1">Keer, Dhananjay (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFY9fz68KEsC&pg=PA229"><i>Mahatma Jotirao Phooley : father of the Indian social revolution</i></a> (New ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. pp. <span class="nowrap">126–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/817154066X" title="Special:BookSources/817154066X"><bdi>817154066X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahatma+Jotirao+Phooley+%3A+father+of+the+Indian+social+revolution&rft.place=Bombay&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E126-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=817154066X&rft.aulast=Keer&rft.aufirst=Dhananjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPFY9fz68KEsC%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKosambi2000" class="citation book cs1">Kosambi, Meera (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC"><i>Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125018780" title="Special:BookSources/9788125018780"><bdi>9788125018780</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intersections%3A+Socio-cultural+Trends+in+Maharashtra&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788125018780&rft.aulast=Kosambi&rft.aufirst=Meera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXU8dmAiaZSgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2000" class="citation book cs1">Kulkarni, A. R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&pg=PA121">"The Mahar Watan: A Historical Perspective"</a>. In Kosambi, Meera (ed.). <i>Intersections: Socio-Cultural Trends in Maharashtra</i>. London: Sangam. pp. <span class="nowrap">121–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0863118241" title="Special:BookSources/978-0863118241"><bdi>978-0863118241</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mahar+Watan%3A+A+Historical+Perspective&rft.btitle=Intersections%3A+Socio-Cultural+Trends+in+Maharashtra&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=Sangam&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0863118241&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXU8dmAiaZSgC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZelliot1969" class="citation thesis cs1">Zelliot, Eleanor Mae (1969). <i>Dr. Ambedkar and the Mahar movement</i> (Thesis). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/302466553">302466553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Dr.+Ambedkar+and+the+Mahar+movement&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Zelliot&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Mae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJunghare1988" class="citation journal cs1">Junghare, Indira Y. (1988). "Dr. Ambedkar: The Hero of the Mahars, Ex-Untouchables of India". <i>Asian Folklore Studies</i>. <b>47</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">93–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1178254">10.2307/1178254</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/178254">178254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Folklore+Studies&rft.atitle=Dr.+Ambedkar%3A+The+Hero+of+the+Mahars%2C+Ex-Untouchables+of+India&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1178254&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F178254%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Junghare&rft.aufirst=Indira+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114021927/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_maha.pdf">"Maharashtra: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 14 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_maha.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharashtra%3A+Data+Highlights%3A+The+Scheduled+Castes&rft.date=2012-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FTables_Published%2FSCST%2Fdh_sc_maha.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiwale2024" class="citation web cs1">Hiwale, Sandesh (28 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhammabharat.com/mahar-population-in-maharashtra/">"What is the Mahar population in Maharashtra?"</a>. <i>Dhamma Bharat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dhamma+Bharat&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Mahar+population+in+Maharashtra%3F&rft.date=2024-04-28&rft.aulast=Hiwale&rft.aufirst=Sandesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammabharat.com%2Fmahar-population-in-maharashtra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/land_and_people/L%20&%20P%20pdf/Chapter%20II/2%20Major%20Castes%20and%20Tribes.pdf">"Major castes and tribes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Maharashtra: Land and its people</i>. 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Government of Maharashtra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Major+castes+and+tribes&rft.btitle=Maharashtra%3A+Land+and+its+people&rft.series=Maharashtra+State+Gazetteer&rft.pub=Government+of+Maharashtra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fcultural.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fenglish%2Fgazetteer%2Fland_and_people%2FL%2520%26%2520P%2520pdf%2FChapter%2520II%2F2%2520Major%2520Castes%2520and%2520Tribes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128095140/http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2806/1/41944_1961_ETH.pdf"><i>Ethnographic Notes – Andhra Pradesh</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Census of India. Vol. II, part V–B, (11). Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad: Office of the Director of Census Operations. 1961. 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Manohar Publishers & Distributors.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhists+in+India+today%3Adescriptions%2C+pictures%2C+and+documents&rft.pub=Manohar+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kantowsky&rft.aufirst=Detlef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPandey2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pandey, Gyanendra (6–12 May 2006). "The Time of the Dalit Conversion". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>41</b> (18): 1779+1781–1788. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418177">4418177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Time+of+the+Dalit+Conversion&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1779%2B1781-1788&rft.date=2006-05-06%2F2006-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4418177%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Gyanendra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080103184518/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/245413.html">"Maya under fire from Dalit leaders in Maharashtra"</a>. <i>Indian Express</i>. 1 December 2007. 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Orient Blackswan. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-17824-156-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-17824-156-2"><bdi>978-8-17824-156-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%27solution%27+of+conversion%27%3A+Dr+Ambedkar+and+Untouchability%3A+Analysing+and+Fighting+Caste&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-8-17824-156-2&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeShastree1996-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeShastree1996_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree1996" class="citation book cs1">Ranjit Kumar De; Uttara Shastree (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYInC70BSEgC&pg=PP10"><i>Religious Converts in India: Socio-political Study of Neo-Buddhists</i></a>. Mittal Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">65–</span>86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-629-3"><bdi>978-81-7099-629-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Converts+in+India%3A+Socio-political+Study+of+Neo-Buddhists&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E86&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-629-3&rft.au=Ranjit+Kumar+De&rft.au=Uttara+Shastree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYInC70BSEgC%26pg%3DPP10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree199673-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree199673_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRanjit_Kumar_DeUttara_Shastree1996">Ranjit Kumar De & Uttara Shastree 1996</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShelke2008" class="citation book cs1">Shelke, Christopher (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_rM5g2ZmWPkC&pg=PA166"><i>God the Creator : universality of inculturality</i></a>. Roma: Pontificia università gregoriana. pp. <span class="nowrap">166–</span>167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8878391284" title="Special:BookSources/978-8878391284"><bdi>978-8878391284</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+the+Creator+%3A+universality+of+inculturality&rft.place=Roma&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E166-%3C%2Fspan%3E167&rft.pub=Pontificia+universit%C3%A0+gregoriana&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8878391284&rft.aulast=Shelke&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_rM5g2ZmWPkC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRege2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Rege" title="Sharmila Rege">Rege, Sharmila</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Msaki69NQHsC&pg=PA139"><i>Writing caste, writing gender: reading Dalit women's testimonios</i></a>. New Delhi: Zubaan. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8189013017" title="Special:BookSources/8189013017"><bdi>8189013017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+caste%2C+writing+gender%3A+reading+Dalit+women%27s+testimonios&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Zubaan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=8189013017&rft.aulast=Rege&rft.aufirst=Sharmila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMsaki69NQHsC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConstable2001" class="citation journal cs1">Constable, Philip (May 2001). "The Marginalization of a Dalit Martial Race in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Western India". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>60</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">439–</span>478. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2659700">10.2307/2659700</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2659700">2659700</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18268829">18268829</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40219522">40219522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Marginalization+of+a+Dalit+Martial+Race+in+Late+Nineteenth-+and+Early+Twentieth-Century+Western+India&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E439-%3C%2Fspan%3E478&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18268829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40219522%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2659700%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2659700&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_groups_of_Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social groups of Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marathi_people107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra people">Marathi people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandraseniya_Kayastha_Prabhu" title="Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu">Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Brahmin" title="Marathi Brahmin">Marathi Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathare_Prabhu" title="Pathare Prabhu">Pathare Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agri_(caste)" title="Agri (caste)">Agri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bari_(caste)" title="Bari (caste)">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari_(caste)" title="Bhandari (caste)">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangar" title="Dhangar">Dhangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabit" title="Gabit">Gabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharvi" title="Kharvi">Kharvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leva_Patel" title="Leva Patel">Leva Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_caste" title="Mali caste">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchkalshi" title="Panchkalshi">Panchkalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahyavanshi" title="Mahyavanshi">Mahyavanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangela_Kolis" title="Mangela Kolis">Mangela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powari_language" title="Powari language">Powar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mercantile communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daivadnya" title="Daivadnya">Daivadnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattegar" title="Pattegar">Khatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komati_(caste)" title="Komati (caste)">Komati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimpi" title="Shimpi">Shimpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunar" title="Sunar">Sonar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya_Vani" title="Vaishya Vani">Vaishya Vani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artisan communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beldar" title="Beldar">Beldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi" title="Bhoi">Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burud_(caste)" title="Burud (caste)">Burud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaukalshi" title="Chaukalshi">Chaukalshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chambhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband" title="Chhaparband">Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhobi" title="Dhobi">Dhobi (Parit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhor">Dhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavli" title="Gavli">Gavli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holar_caste" title="Holar caste">Holar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holeya" title="Holeya">Holeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjar" title="Kanjar">Kanjarbhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwar_(caste)" title="Kalwar (caste)">Kalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatik" title="Khatik">Khatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhati" title="Kolhati">Kolhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshta" title="Koshta">Koshti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonaria" title="Lonaria">Lonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohar_(caste)" title="Lohar (caste)">Lohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_(caste)" title="Mang (caste)">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nai_(caste)" title="Nai (caste)">Nhavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasali_(caste)" title="Padmasali (caste)">Padmasali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliya" title="Saliya">Sali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutar" title="Sutar">Sutar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli" title="Teli">Teli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twashta_Kasar" title="Twashta Kasar">Twashta Kasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddera" title="Vaddera">Vadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priest communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitpavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitpavan">Chitpavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmin" title="Deshastha Brahmin">Deshastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devrukhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Devrukhe">Devrukhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomantak_Maratha_Samaj" title="Gomantak Maratha Samaj">Gomantak Maratha Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosains" title="Gosains">Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurav" title="Gurav">Gurav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin" title="Karhade Brahmin">Karhade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudaldeshkar_Gaud_Brahmin" title="Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmin">Kudaldeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palshi" title="Palshi">Palshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaud_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Gaud Saraswat Brahmin">Saraswat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamedi">Shamedi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andh" title="Andh">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barda_(tribe)" title="Barda (tribe)">Barda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjhal" title="Binjhal">Binjhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia" title="Dhodia">Dhodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_Mavchi" title="Bhil Mavchi">Gavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowari" title="Gowari">Gowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halba_(tribe)" title="Halba (tribe)">Halba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halpati" title="Halpati">Halpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_(tribe)" title="Kanwar (tribe)">Kanwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_people" title="Katkari people">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokna" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokna">Kokna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_people" title="Korku people">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihali_language" title="Nihali language">Nahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakar_(tribe)" title="Thakar (tribe)">Thakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasava" title="Vasava">Vasava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warli" title="Warli">Warli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nomadic communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Banjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan" title="Charan">Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimar" title="Dhimar">Dhiwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gav-Paradhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gav-Paradhi">Gav-Paradhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Nath Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahar" title="Kahar">Kahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaikadi_people" title="Kaikadi people">Kaikadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_Pardhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Phase Pardhi">Phase Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoshi" title="Ramoshi">Ramoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagri" title="Vagri">Waghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Marathi Jains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagherwal" title="Bagherwal">Bagherwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturtha" title="Chaturtha">Chaturtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhakad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhakad">Dhakad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Panchama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saitwal" title="Saitwal">Saitwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upajjhaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Upajjhaya">Upajjhaya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Immigrant_Jain_communities26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant Jain communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humad" title="Humad">Humad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiswal_Jain" title="Jaiswal Jain">Jaiswal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswal" title="Oswal">Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paliwal" title="Paliwal">Paliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Porwad">Porwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawagi" title="Sarawagi">Sarawagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimali" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimali">Shrimali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nawayath" title="Nawayath">Nawayath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Muslims" title="Marathi Muslims">Maharashtrian Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attar_(caste)" title="Attar (caste)">Attar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghban" title="Baghban">Baghban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhishti" title="Bhishti">Bhishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaush_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaush (India)">Chaush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccanis" title="Deccanis">Deccani Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqir_(clan)" title="Faqir (clan)">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garodi" title="Garodi">Garodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_(caste)" title="Multani (caste)">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaparband_(Muslim)" title="Chhaparband (Muslim)">Muslim Chhaparband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Raj_Gond" title="Muslim Raj Gond">Muslim Raj Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachar" title="Kachar">Kachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadia_(Muslim)" title="Kadia (Muslim)">Kadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinjara" title="Pinjara">Pinjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qassab" title="Qassab">Qassab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saiqalgar" title="Saiqalgar">Saiqalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadvi_Bhil" title="Tadvi Bhil">Tadvi Bhil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Marathi Buddhists</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Christians" title="Marathi Christians">Marathi Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_Christians" title="Koli Christians">Koli Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahar&oldid=1283389578">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahar&oldid=1283389578</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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