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id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="فترة هيسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فترة هيسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAng-s%C3%AAng" title="Pêng-sêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pêng-sêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oadvezh_Heisei" title="Oadvezh Heisei – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oadvezh Heisei" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_Heisei" title="Període Heisei – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període Heisei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdob%C3%AD_Heisei" title="Období Heisei – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Období Heisei" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei-Zeit" title="Heisei-Zeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heisei-Zeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Heisei" title="Era Heisei – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Era Heisei" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejsej-epoko" title="Hejsej-epoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hejsej-epoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="دوره هیسه‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره هیسه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88re_Heisei" title="Ère Heisei – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ère Heisei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="헤이세이 시대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤이세이 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_Heisei" title="Periodo Heisei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo Heisei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99" title="תקופת הייסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת הייסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰეისეის პერიოდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰეისეის პერიოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei_laikotarpis" title="Heisei laikotarpis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Heisei laikotarpis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiszei-kor" title="Heiszei-kor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Heiszei-kor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Heisei" title="Zaman Heisei – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Heisei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ACng-s%C3%ACng" title="Bìng-sìng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bìng-sìng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiseiperiode" title="Heiseiperiode – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heiseiperiode" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="平成" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Heisei" title="Período Heisei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período Heisei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Хэйсэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хэйсэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei_period" title="Heisei period – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Heisei period" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei_period" title="Heisei period – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Heisei period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obdobie_Heisei" title="Obdobie Heisei – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obdobie Heisei" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei_(obdobje)" title="Heisei (obdobje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Heisei (obdobje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8E%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8E%DB%8C" title="سەردەمی ھێیسێی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی ھێیسێی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei-kausi" title="Heisei-kausi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heisei-kausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei" title="Heisei – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Heisei" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahong_Heisei" title="Panahong Heisei – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahong Heisei" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B" title="ยุคเฮเซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคเฮเซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisei_D%C3%B6nemi" title="Heisei Dönemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Heisei Dönemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Хейсей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хейсей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_B%C3%ACnh_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Thời kỳ Bình Thành – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Bình Thành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="平成" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="平成" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="平成" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q234510#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisei">Heisei</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Period of Japanese history (1989–2019)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Japanese Emperor in his reign through the Heisei period, see <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Heisei<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平成</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; font-weight: bold;">8 January 1989 – 30 April 2019</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg/220px-Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg/330px-Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Emperor_Akihito_199011_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="616" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emperor Akihito of the Heisei era (1990)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Including</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><b>Major events</b></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amami-%C5%8Cshima" title="Battle of Amami-Ōshima">Battle of Amami-Ōshima</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Force_Base_Djibouti" title="Japan Self-Defense Force Base Djibouti">Japan Self-Defense Force Base Djibouti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monarch(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key events</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_subway_sarin_attack" title="Tokyo subway sarin attack">Tokyo subway sarin attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">Lost Decades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amami-%C5%8Cshima" title="Battle of Amami-Ōshima">Battle of Amami-Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Chronology</b> <br /><table style="background:var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0); color: inherit; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" style="text-align:left;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/10px-Arrleft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/15px-Arrleft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Arrleft.svg/20px-Arrleft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="133" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a></td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="class-skin-invert-image"><img alt="class-skin-invert-image" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238254956">.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-caption{padding-bottom:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-list-title{border:none;background:gainsboro}.mw-parser-output .history-of-japan .sidebar-below{padding-top:0.2em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks history-of-japan"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Japan" title="Category:History of Japan">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/200px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/300px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg/400px-KaiIchiranzu1806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Prehistoric</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">35,000–14,000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></b></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">14,000–1000 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1000 BC–300 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Ancient</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">300–538 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Classical</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">538–710</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></b> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">710–794</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_Nine_Years%27_War" title="Former Nine Years' War">Former Nine Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three-Year_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Three-Year War">Later Three-Year War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">794–1185</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Feudal</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1185–1333</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1336–1573</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanban_trade" title="Nanban trade">Nanban trade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sekigahara" title="Battle of Sekigahara">Battle of Sekigahara</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1573–1603</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Early modern</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period"><b>Edo</b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tokugawa)</span></a> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Ryukyu" title="Invasion of Ryukyu">Invasion of Ryukyu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Osaka" title="Siege of Osaka">Siege of Osaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">Sakoku</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Expedition" title="Perry Expedition">Perry Expedition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Kanagawa" title="Convention of Kanagawa">Convention of Kanagawa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1603–1868</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Modern</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Disposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyū Disposition">Ryūkyū Disposition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Invasion of Taiwan (1874)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Invasion of Taiwan (1895)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Colonization of Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Colonization of Korea</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1868–1912</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Intervention in Siberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1912–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a></b> <div class="plainlist wraplinks" style="padding-left:1.4em;text-align:left;line-height:1.25em;padding-bottom:0.2em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927" title="Nanking incident of 1927">Nanking incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Invasion of Manchuria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_incident" title="February 26 incident">February 26 incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anpo_protests" title="Anpo protests">Anpo protests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Asset price bubble</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1926–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heisei</a></b> <div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Decades" title="Lost Decades">Lost Decades</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_Japan" title="Cool Japan">Cool Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">Tōhoku earthquake</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">Imperial transition</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989–2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a></b><div class="plainlist" style="padding-left:1.4em;line-height:1.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Abe assassination</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake" title="2024 Noto earthquake">Noto earthquake</a></li></ul></div> </div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;">Topics</span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Japan#History" title="Capital punishment in Japan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Japan" title="Historiography of Japan">Historiography</a></li> <li>Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Japan">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Japan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shinto" title="History of Shinto">Shinto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-war_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-war Japan">Post-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="History of science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of sports in Japan">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_history" title="Glossary of Japanese history">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_history" title="Timeline of Japanese history">Timeline</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Japan" title="Template talk:History of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Heisei era</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平成</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[heːseː]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d3\/TomJ-Heisei.ogg\/TomJ-Heisei.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"TomJ-Heisei.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/TomJ-Heisei.ogg/TomJ-Heisei.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:TomJ-Heisei.ogg" title="File:TomJ-Heisei.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>)</span> was the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">period</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Emeritus <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> from 8 January 1989 until his <a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">abdication</a> on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>, when his son, Akihito, <a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Enthronement of the Japanese Emperor">acceded to the throne</a> as the 125th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a>. In accordance with Japanese customs, Hirohito was <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumously renamed</a> "Emperor Shōwa" on 31 January 1989. </p><p>Thus, 1989 corresponds to <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 64 up until 7 January and Heisei 1<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平成元年</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Heisei gannen</i></span>, <i>gannen</i> means "first year")</span> from 8 January. The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum_Throne" title="Chrysanthemum Throne">Chrysanthemum Throne</a>. It was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> as then-crown prince <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> ascended the throne on 1 May midnight local time.<sup id="cite_ref-kyodo011217_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyodo011217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_meaning">History and meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg/250px-Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg/375px-Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg/500px-Keizo_Obuchi_cropped_Keizo_Obuchi_19890107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="949" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Keiz%C5%8D_Obuchi" title="Keizō Obuchi">Keizō Obuchi</a> revealing the new era name to the press. (7 January 1989)</figcaption></figure> <p>Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Hirohito" title="Death and state funeral of Hirohito">death of Emperor Hirohito</a> on 7 January 1989, <a href="/wiki/Keiz%C5%8D_Obuchi" title="Keizō Obuchi">Keizō Obuchi</a>, then-<a href="/wiki/Chief_Cabinet_Secretary" title="Chief Cabinet Secretary">Chief Cabinet Secretary</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a>, hosted a press conference to announce the new era name "Heisei" for Emperor Akihito, and explained its meaning. </p><p>According to Obuchi, the name "Heisei" was taken from two <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">Chinese history and philosophy books</a>, namely <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i> (<span lang="zh">史記</span>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Documents" title="Book of Documents">Book of Documents</a></i> (<span lang="zh">書経</span>). In the <i>Records of the Grand Historian</i>, a sentence appears in a section honoring the wise rule of the legendary Chinese <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun" title="Emperor Shun">Emperor Shun</a>, reading "<span lang="zh-Hant">内平外成</span>" (<a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">Kanbun</a>: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">内平かに外成る</span></span></span>, <i>Uchi tairaka ni soto naru</i>, "flat inside and outside"). In the <i>Book of Documents</i>, the sentence "<span lang="zh-Hant">地平天成</span>" (<a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">Kanbun</a>: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">地<b>平</b>かに天<b>成</b>る</span></span></span>, <i>Chi tairaka ni ten naru</i>, "the earth is perfect") appears. By combining both meanings, Heisei is intended to mean "peace everywhere".<sup id="cite_ref-meijijingu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meijijingu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Heisei era went into effect at midnight local time on 8 January 1989. </p><p>In August 2016, Emperor Akihito gave a televised address to the nation, in which he expressed concern that his age would one day stop him from fulfilling his official duties. This was an implication of his wish to retire.<sup id="cite_ref-kyodo011217_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyodo011217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Japanese Diet</a> passed a law in June 2017 to allow the throne to pass to Akihito's son, <a href="/wiki/Naruhito,_Crown_Prince_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan">Naruhito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kyodo011217_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyodo011217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After meeting with members of the Imperial House Council, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a> announced that 30 April 2019 would be the date set for Akihito's abdication.<sup id="cite_ref-kyodo011217_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyodo011217-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> corresponding to Naruhito's reign began the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_(1990-2029).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png/250px-G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png/375px-G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png/500px-G7_Countries_GDP_Per_Capita_%281990-2029%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2379" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Japan's nominal GDP per capita remained stagnant around $40,000 throughout the era</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comicmarket49_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comicmarket49_02.jpg/250px-Comicmarket49_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comicmarket49_02.jpg/375px-Comicmarket49_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comicmarket49_02.jpg/500px-Comicmarket49_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Comiket" title="Comiket">Comiket</a> 49 <a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_convention" title="Doujinshi convention"><i>doujinshi</i> convention</a> in 1995. The 1990s saw a boom in the international popularity of <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>1989 marked the culmination of one of the most rapid economic growth spurts in Japanese history. With a dramatically strengthened <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a> after the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Accord" title="Plaza Accord">Plaza Accord</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Bank of Japan</a> kept interest rates low, sparking an investment boom that drove Tokyo property values up 60 percent within that year. Shortly before New Year's Day, the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Market index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_225" title="Nikkei 225">Nikkei 225</a>, reached its record high of 38,957. By 1992, it had fallen to 15,000, signifying the end of Japan's famed "<a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">bubble economy</a>". Subsequently, Japan experienced the "<a href="/wiki/Lost_Decade_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Decade (Japan)">Lost Decade</a>", which actually consisted of more than ten years of price <a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">deflation</a> and largely stagnant GDP as Japan's banks struggled to resolve their bad debts and companies in other sectors struggled to restructure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">Recruit scandal</a> of 1988 had already eroded public confidence in the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">Liberal Democratic Party</a> (LDP), which had controlled the Japanese government for 38 years. In 1993, the LDP was ousted by a coalition led by <a href="/wiki/Morihiro_Hosokawa" title="Morihiro Hosokawa">Morihiro Hosokawa</a>. However, the coalition collapsed as parties had gathered only to overthrow LDP, and lacked a unified position on almost every social issue. The LDP returned to the government in 1994, when it helped to elect Japan Socialist (later Social Democrat) <a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Tomiichi Murayama</a> as prime minister.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The 1990s had an "<a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> boom" period marked by increased popularity of <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime conventions">anime conventions</a>. Several anime media franchises gained global popularity such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hello_Kitty" title="Hello Kitty">Hello Kitty</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sailor_Moon" title="Sailor Moon">Sailor Moon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Seiya" title="Saint Seiya">Saint Seiya</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gundam" title="Gundam">Gundam</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fist_of_the_North_Star" title="Fist of the North Star">Fist of the North Star</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Ball" title="Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu-Gi-Oh">Yu-Gi-Oh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion" title="Neon Genesis Evangelion">Evangelion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, there was a large 6.8 <a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">earthquake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_subway_sarin_attack" title="Tokyo subway sarin attack">sarin gas terrorist attacks</a> were carried out on the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metro" title="Tokyo Metro">Tokyo Metro</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Doomsday_cult" title="Doomsday cult">doomsday cult</a> <a href="/wiki/Aum_Shinrikyo" title="Aum Shinrikyo">Aum Shinrikyo</a>. Failure of the Japanese government to react to these events promptly led to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Non-government_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-government organisation">non-government organisations</a> which have been playing an increasingly important role in Japanese politics since. </p><p>On 11 December 1997, the international <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> to regulate <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> was adopted by 192 parties in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-UNlist_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNlist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this era, Japan reemerged as a military power. In 1991, Japan made a financial contribution of $10 billion and sent military hardware for the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Article_9_of_the_Japanese_Constitution" title="Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution">Article 9 of the Constitution</a> prevented a participation in the actual war, leading <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> to criticize Japan for just pledging money and did not appreciate the way Japan co-operated in the Gulf War. However, after the war, between 26 April and October 1991 six <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force">JMSDF</a> minesweeper vessels were sent and removed 34 sea mines in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> to improve the safety of ships.<sup id="cite_ref-20-years-JSDF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-years-JSDF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, in 2003, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Junichir%C5%8D_Koizumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Junichirō Koizumi">Junichirō Koizumi</a>'s Cabinet approved a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">plan to send</a> about 1,000 soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> to help in <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction of Iraq">Iraq's reconstruction</a>, the biggest overseas troop deployment since World War II without the sanction of the UN. The mission lasted until February 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-20-years-JSDF_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20-years-JSDF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> to be held in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, the first to be held outside of the Americas or Europe, as well as the first to be jointly-hosted by more than one nation. This world championship for men's national <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> teams was jointly hosted by Japan and South-Korea to improve relations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 October 2004, the Heisei 16 <a href="/wiki/2004_Ch%C5%ABetsu_earthquake" title="2004 Chūetsu earthquake">an earthquake and aftershocks</a> rocked the <a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_region" title="Hokuriku region">Hokuriku region</a> in <a href="/wiki/Niigata_Prefecture" title="Niigata Prefecture">Niigata Prefecture</a>, killing 52 and injuring hundreds. </p><p>In November 2005, The <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)</a>'s robotic spacecraft <a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> landed on an asteroid and collected samples in the form of tiny grains of asteroidal material, which were returned to Earth aboard the spacecraft on 13 June 2010. It was the first spacecraft in history designed to deliberately land on an asteroid and then take off again. The Hayabusa mission was the first to return an asteroid sample to Earth for analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an election defeat, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a> resigned suddenly, and in Autumn 2007 <a href="/wiki/Yasuo_Fukuda" title="Yasuo Fukuda">Yasuo Fukuda</a> became prime minister. Fukuda in turn resigned in September 2008 citing political failings, and <a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_As%C5%8D" title="Tarō Asō">Tarō Asō</a> was selected by his party. </p><p>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo</a> has the largest metropolitan economy in the world with a total GDP (nominal) of approximately $2 trillion (¥165 trillion).<sup id="cite_ref-都道府県_平成_92,269,424'_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-都道府県_平成_92,269,424'-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greater Tokyo also has the largest metropolitan population in the world with an estimated 35 million. </p><p>In August 2009, for the first time, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Japan" title="Democratic Party of Japan">Democratic Party of Japan</a> (DPJ) won 308 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2009_Japanese_general_election" title="2009 Japanese general election">lower house election</a>, which ended 50 years of political domination by the LDP. As a result of the election, Tarō Asō resigned as leader of the LDP, and <a href="/wiki/Yukio_Hatoyama" title="Yukio Hatoyama">Yukio Hatoyama</a>, president of DPJ became prime minister on 16 September 2009. However, DPJ soon became mired in party financing scandals, particularly involving aides close to <a href="/wiki/Ichir%C5%8D_Ozawa" title="Ichirō Ozawa">Ichirō Ozawa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naoto_Kan" title="Naoto Kan">Naoto Kan</a> was chosen by the DPJ as the next prime minister, but he soon lost a working majority in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Japanese_House_of_Councillors_election" title="2010 Japanese House of Councillors election">House of Councillors election</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2010_Senkaku_boat_collision_incident" title="2010 Senkaku boat collision incident">2010 Senkaku boat collision incident</a> caused increased tension between Japan and China. The <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932010_Toyota_vehicle_recalls" class="mw-redirect" title="2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls">2009–2010 Toyota vehicle recalls</a> also took place during this time. </p><p>The population of Japan peaked at 128 million in 2010. This was Japan's biggest population in history.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It declined due to a low birthrate in the following years. </p><p>In July 2010, The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">JSDF</a>'s first postwar overseas base was established in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-overseas-dispatch_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overseas-dispatch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2010, Japan's 2010 National Defense Program Guidelines changed its defense policy from a focus on the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> to <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MARTIN_FACKLER_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MARTIN_FACKLER-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">economy of China</a> became the second largest in the world. Japan's economy descended to the world's third largest by <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">nominal GDP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> tournament was cancelled for the first time in 65 years over a <a href="/wiki/Match_fixing" title="Match fixing">match fixing</a> scandal. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_(6906783193)b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg/250px-Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg/375px-Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg/500px-Mt.Fuji_%26_Tokyo_SkyTree_%286906783193%29b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Mount Fuji and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a> (2012)</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a> 634.0 metres (2,080 ft) became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_towers_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest towers in the world">tallest tower</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the second <a href="/wiki/Tallest_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallest structure">tallest structure</a> in the world after the <a href="/wiki/Burj_Khalifa" title="Burj Khalifa">Burj Khalifa</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg/248px-US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg/372px-US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg/496px-US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Destroyed buildings in <a href="/wiki/Miyako,_Iwate" title="Miyako, Iwate">Miyako, Iwate</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_tsunami" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Tōhoku tsunami">2011 Tōhoku tsunami</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 March 2011 at 2:46 p.m., Japan was hit by the Tōhoku earthquake of a <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">magnitude scale of 9.0</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">the strongest recorded earthquake in its history</a>, affecting places in the three regions of <a href="/wiki/Tohoku_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohoku region">Tohoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chubu_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Chubu region">Chubu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanto_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanto region">Kanto</a> in the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, including the Tokyo area.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS9.0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS9.0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> with waves of up to 10 meters (32.5 feet) flooded inland areas several kilometers from shore,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing a large number of considerable fires. The epicenter of the quake lay so close to coastal villages and towns that thousands could not flee in time despite the <a href="/wiki/Tsunami_warning_system" title="Tsunami warning system">tsunami warning system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant">Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant</a> and three other nuclear power plants, serious problems occurred with the cooling systems,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ultimately leading to the most serious case of <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">radioactive contamination</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster">Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster</a>), as well as ongoing electric power shortages. Following the earthquake, for the first time, the Emperor addressed the nation in a pre-recorded television broadcast. </p><p>In August 2011, <a href="/wiki/Naoto_Kan" title="Naoto Kan">Naoto Kan</a> resigned, and <a href="/wiki/Yoshihiko_Noda" title="Yoshihiko Noda">Yoshihiko Noda</a> became prime minister. Later that year <a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus Corporation</a> admitted major accounting irregularities. (See <a href="/wiki/Tobashi_scheme" title="Tobashi scheme">Tobashi scheme</a>.) Noda pushed for Japan to consider joining the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Strategic_Economic_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership">Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership</a>, but was defeated in an election in 2012, being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg/247px-Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg/371px-Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg/494px-Barack_Obama_Emperor_Akihito_and_Empress_Michiko_20140424_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3921" data-file-height="2614" /></a><figcaption>American President Barack Obama meets Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> and Empress <a href="/wiki/Empress_Michiko" title="Empress Michiko">Michiko</a> with Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Akie_Abe" title="Akie Abe">Akie Abe</a> during the welcome ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_Palace" title="Tokyo Imperial Palace">Imperial Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo" title="Chiyoda, Tokyo">Chiyoda Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (April 24, 2014).</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 2013, Shinzo Abe's government introduced <a href="/wiki/Abenomics" title="Abenomics">economic reforms</a> in response to the consequences of the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Decade_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Decade (Japan)">Lost Decade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aging_of_Japan" title="Aging of Japan">Japan's aging demographic crisis</a>. </p><p>In the first half of 2014, The <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> became the biggest automaker in the world selling 5.1 million vehicles in the six months ending 30 June 2014, an increase of 3.8% on the same period the previous year. Volkswagen AG recorded sales of 5.07 million vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoSales_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoSales-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> sought to end <a href="/wiki/Deflation" title="Deflation">deflation</a>, but Japan entered recession again in 2014 largely due to a rise in <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> to 8%. Abe called an election in December, and promised to delay further sales tax hikes to 2018. He won the election. </p><p>On 18 September 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a> enacted the <a href="/wiki/2015_Japanese_military_legislation" title="2015 Japanese military legislation">2015 Japanese military legislation</a> that allows the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> to <a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective self-defense</a> of allies in combat for the first time under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">1947 constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> were ranked as the world's fourth most-powerful military in conventional capabilities in a <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> report.<sup id="cite_ref-CreditSuisse2015_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CreditSuisse2015-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> report confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Greater Tokyo</a> is the most populous <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> in the world with an estimated total population of 38,140,000 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-UN-World-Cities-2016_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-World-Cities-2016-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a> became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_media_franchises" title="List of highest-grossing media franchises">highest-grossing media franchise</a> of all time with an estimated $90 billion revenue. Pokémon surpassed the number 2 <a href="/wiki/Hello_Kitty" title="Hello Kitty">Hello Kitty</a> ($80 billion) and the number 5 <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> ($65 billion). </p><p>A record number of 31,191,929 foreign tourists visited Japan in 2018. This is a 33% increase over 2015 (19.73 million).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, 3 out of 4 foreign tourists came from South Korea, China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, according to the <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Tourism_Organization" title="Japan National Tourism Organization">Japan National Tourism Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japan activated the <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_Rapid_Deployment_Brigade" title="Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade">Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade</a>, its first marine unit since World War II, on 7 April 2018. They're trained to counter invaders from occupying <a href="/wiki/Japanese_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese islands">Japanese islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JapanMarines2018_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JapanMarines2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japan was the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Creditor" title="Creditor">creditor</a> nation since 1990 and for 22 years straight.<sup id="cite_ref-creditor_22nd_year_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creditor_22nd_year-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2018, Japan regained the leading position as the predominant source of saving and investments. Japan owned net global assets of ¥328 trillion, Germany (¥262 trillion), China (¥205 trillion).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Osaka" title="Naomi Osaka">Naomi Osaka</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese woman</a> to contest a <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> singles final and the first Japanese <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> singles champion. Naomi Osaka was the winner of the <a href="/wiki/2018_US_Open_(tennis)" title="2018 US Open (tennis)">2018 US Open</a> Women's Singles.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-us-open-final_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-open-final-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/2018_Japan_floods" title="2018 Japan floods">extraordinarily heavy rainfall in Western Japan</a> led to many deaths in Hiroshima and Okayama. Also, an <a href="/wiki/2018_Hokkaido_Eastern_Iburi_earthquake" title="2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake">earthquake struck Hokkaido</a>, killing 41 and causing a region-wide blackout.<sup id="cite_ref-fdma20180914_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdma20180914-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">JSDF</a> dispatch to a <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacekeeping operation">peacekeeping operation</a> that was not led by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was approved in April 2019. Two <a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">JGSDF</a> officers were despatched to monitor a cease-fire between Israel and Egypt at the <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers" title="Multinational Force and Observers">Multinational Force and Observers</a> command in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai peninsula">Sinai peninsula</a> from 19 April till 30 November 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Nobel_Prize">The Nobel Prize</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Nobel Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 30 years of the Heisei era, a total of 18 Japanese (including 3 Japanese-born naturalized foreigners) won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>. </p> <ul><li>1994 – <a href="/wiki/Kenzaburo_Oe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenzaburo Oe">Kenzaburo Oe</a>, Literature</li> <li>2000 – <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2001 – <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryoji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2002 – <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a>, Physics</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Makoto Kobayashi</a>, Physics</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a>, Physics</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/wiki/Eiichi_Negishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiichi Negishi">Eiichi Negishi</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2010 – <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a>, Chemistry</li> <li>2012 – <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a>, Physiology or Medicine</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a>, Physics</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a>, Physics</li> <li>2014 – <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a>, Physics</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Takaaki Kajita</a>, Physics</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_Omura" class="mw-redirect" title="Satoshi Omura">Satoshi Omura</a>, Physiology or Medicine</li> <li>2017 – <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a>, Literature</li> <li>2018 – <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a>, Physiology or Medicine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lost_Decade_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Decade (Japan)">Lost Decade (Japan)</a></div> <p>The country's economy suffered from prolonged stagnation, and both real wages and price levels experienced a decline during the period. According to <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_past_and_projected_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal) per capita">IMF estimates</a>, the country's GDP per capita was $39,953, the third highest in the world, in 1994. In 2019, the last year of the Heisei era, it was $40,548, which ranked 27th. </p> <dl><dt>Top 10 by market capitalization<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>First year of Heisei (1989) </th> <th>Last year of Heisei (2019) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$163.8 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$940.8 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Bank_of_Japan" title="Industrial Bank of Japan">Industrial Bank of Japan</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$71.5 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$895.6 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Sumitomo_Bank" title="The Sumitomo Bank">The Sumitomo Bank</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$69.5 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$874.7 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuji Bank">Fuji Bank</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$67.0 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$818.1 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dai-Ichi_Kangyo_Bank" title="Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank">Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$66.0 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$493.7 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$64.6 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$475.7 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Bank" title="Mitsubishi Bank">Mitsubishi Bank</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$59.2 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba Group</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$472.9 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$54.9 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$440.9 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electric_Power_Company" title="Tokyo Electric Power Company">Tokyo Electric Power Company</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$54.4 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$372.2 billion</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$54.3 billion</span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> <br /> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$342.1 billion</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_table">Conversion table</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conversion table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JRpassHeisei18.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/JRpassHeisei18.png/200px-JRpassHeisei18.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/JRpassHeisei18.png/300px-JRpassHeisei18.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/JRpassHeisei18.png/400px-JRpassHeisei18.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A rail pass valid during the year Heisei 18 (2006 in the Gregorian calendar)</figcaption></figure> <p>To convert any <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> year between 1989 and 2019 to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a> year in Heisei era, 1988 needs to be subtracted from the year in question. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Heisei</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8 </th></tr> <tr> <th>I</th> <th>II</th> <th>III</th> <th>IV</th> <th>V</th> <th>VI</th> <th>VII</th> <th>VIII </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">AD</td> <td>1989</td> <td>1990</td> <td>1991</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1993</td> <td>1994</td> <td>1995</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MCMLXXXIX</td> <td>MCMXC</td> <td>MCMXCI</td> <td>MCMXCII</td> <td>MCMXCIII</td> <td>MCMXCIV</td> <td>MCMXCV</td> <td>MCMXCVI </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Heisei</th> <th>9</th> <th>10</th> <th>11</th> <th>12</th> <th>13</th> <th>14</th> <th>15</th> <th>16 </th></tr> <tr> <th>IX</th> <th>X</th> <th>XI</th> <th>XII</th> <th>XIII</th> <th>XIV</th> <th>XV</th> <th>XVI </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">AD</td> <td>1997</td> <td>1998</td> <td>1999</td> <td>2000</td> <td>2001</td> <td>2002</td> <td>2003</td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MCMXCVII</td> <td>MCMXCVIII</td> <td>MCMXCIX</td> <td>MM</td> <td>MMI</td> <td>MMII</td> <td>MMIII</td> <td>MMIV </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Heisei</th> <th>17</th> <th>18</th> <th>19</th> <th>20</th> <th>21</th> <th>22</th> <th>23</th> <th>24 </th></tr> <tr> <th>XVII</th> <th>XVIII</th> <th>XIX</th> <th>XX</th> <th>XXI</th> <th>XXII</th> <th>XXIII</th> <th>XXIV </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">AD</td> <td>2005</td> <td>2006</td> <td>2007</td> <td>2008</td> <td>2009</td> <td>2010</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MMV</td> <td>MMVI</td> <td>MMVII</td> <td>MMVIII</td> <td>MMIX</td> <td>MMX</td> <td>MMXI</td> <td>MMXII </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Heisei</th> <th>25</th> <th>26</th> <th>27</th> <th>28</th> <th>29</th> <th>30</th> <th>31 </th></tr> <tr> <th>XXV</th> <th>XXVI</th> <th>XXVII</th> <th>XXVIII</th> <th>XXIX</th> <th>XXX</th> <th>XXXI </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">AD</td> <td>2013</td> <td>2014</td> <td>2015</td> <td>2016</td> <td>2017</td> <td>2018</td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>MMXIII</td> <td>MMXIV</td> <td>MMXV</td> <td>MMXVI</td> <td>MMXVII</td> <td>MMXVIII</td> <td>MMXIX </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Japan" title="1989 in Japan">1989 in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_Japan" title="1990s in Japan">1990s in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_Japan" title="2000s in Japan">2000s in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010s_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010s in Japan (page does not exist)">2010s in Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193008/https://apjjf.org/2014/12/31/Narusawa-Muneo/4158/article.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Overseas+Dispatch+of+Japan%27s+Self-Defense+Forces+and+U.S.+War+Preparations+%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BE%E9%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft.aulast=Narusawa&rft.aufirst=Muneo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2014%2F12%2F31%2FNarusawa-Muneo%2F4158%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MARTIN_FACKLER-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MARTIN_FACKLER_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFackler2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fackler_(journalist)" title="Martin Fackler (journalist)">Fackler, Martin</a> (16 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/17/world/asia/17japan.html">"Japan Announces Defense Policy to Counter China"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+Finishes+World%27s+Tallest+Communications+Tower&rft.pub=Council+on+Tall+Buildings+and+Urban+Habitat&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctbuh.org%2FNews%2FGlobalTallNews%2Ftabid%2F468%2FEntryId%2F4066%2FJapan-Finishes-Worlds-Tallest-Communications-Tower.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603121034/http://www.emporis.com/building/tokyo-sky-tree-tokyo-japan">"Tokyo Sky Tree"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emporis" title="Emporis">Emporis</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Japan%2C+savings+superpower+of+the+world&rft.date=2018-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2018%2F09%2F02%2Fcommentary%2Fjapan-commentary%2Fjapan-savings-superpower-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2018" class="citation news cs1">Newman, Paul (7 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/tennis/naomi-osaka-becomes-first-japanese-woman-to-reach-a-grand-slam-final-a3929801.html">"Naomi Osaka becomes first Japanese woman to reach a Grand Slam final"</a>. <i>London Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Fire and Disaster Management Agency. 14 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdma.go.jp/bn/5e976fd1e784ff20658bbbf8f930507c0f417430.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%90%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E8%83%86%E6%8C%AF%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%B3%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AE%E5%AF%BE%E5%BF%9C%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%81%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%92%EF%BC%95%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Fire+and+Disaster+Management+Agency&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdma.go.jp%2Fbn%2F5e976fd1e784ff20658bbbf8f930507c0f417430.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190402/p2g/00m/0na/043000c">"Japan approves plan to send JSDF officers to Sinai, on first non-U.N. peacekeeping mission"</a>. <i>The Mainichi</i>. 2 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402131957/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190402/p2g/00m/0na/043000c">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mainichi&rft.atitle=Japan+approves+plan+to+send+JSDF+officers+to+Sinai%2C+on+first+non-U.N.+peacekeeping+mission&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F20190402%2Fp2g%2F00m%2F0na%2F043000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bittimes.net/news/62971.html">"新経済連盟:仮想通貨・ブロックチェーンの「規制明確化」求める"</a>. <i>Bitt Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bitt+Times&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F%3A%E4%BB%AE%E6%83%B3%E9%80%9A%E8%B2%A8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E8%A6%8F%E5%88%B6%E6%98%8E%E7%A2%BA%E5%8C%96%E3%80%8D%E6%B1%82%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbittimes.net%2Fnews%2F62971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeisei+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heisei_era&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Flath, David. <i>The Japanese Economy</i> (2nd ed. 2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Japanese-Economy-David-Flath/dp/019927861X/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Hanson, Marta E. <i>The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Politics</i> (2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Routledge-Handbook-Japanese-Politics/dp/0415551374/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Kitaoka Shinichi, Kokubun Ryosei, Nakanishi Hiroshi, Shiraishi Takashi, and Tanaka Akihiko. <i>Examining Heisei Japan, Vol. I: Diplomacy and Security</i> (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jpicinternational.com/books/politicalscience/ec0681a8d885c707e111be22f53846b0bf3db28e.html">[1]</a></li> <li>Kitaoka Shinichi, Io Jun (ed), et al. <i>Examining Heisei Japan, Vol. II: Politics</i> (2023)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jpicinternational.com/books/politicalscience/59501591c3b2ddcb6f1421d7772876459aedb535.html">[2]</a></li> <li>Kitaoka Shinichi, Komine Takao (ed), et al. <i>Examining Heisei Japan, Vol. III: Economy</i> (2023) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jpicinternational.com/books/businessandeconomics/8f798d74ea055fecd145924c8f387bc9b5903e00.html">[3]</a></li> <li>Koo, Richard C. <i>The Holy Grail of Macroeconomics: Lessons from Japan's Great Recession</i> (2nd ed. 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0470824948/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Pascua, Arthur. <i>Devastation in Japan: An Economic Analysis</i> (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Devastation-Japan-Economic-Arthur-Pascua/dp/1468165607/">excerpt and text search</a>, on 2011 Tsunami</li> <li>Schoppa, Leonard J. <i>The Evolution of Japan's Party System: Politics and Policy in an Era of Institutional Change</i> (University of Toronto Press; 2012) 232 pages; Argues that changes starting in the 1990s set the stage for the 2009 victory of the Democratic Party</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">昭和</span></span>)</span></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Era of Japan</a><br />Heisei<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平成</span></span>)</span> </b><br />8 January 1989 – 30 April 2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">令和</span></span>)</span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;;font-size:90%:;"><div id="538–126499" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">538–1264</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Heian <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Heian <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Heian <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Heian <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Kamakura <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">645–650</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Taika_(era)" title="Taika (era)">Taika</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">650–654</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hakuchi_(era)" title="Hakuchi (era)">Hakuchi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">686–686</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Shuch%C5%8D" title="Shuchō">Shuchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">701–704</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_(era)" title="Taihō (era)">Taihō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">704–708</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Keiun" title="Keiun">Keiun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">708–715</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wad%C5%8D_(era)" title="Wadō (era)">Wadō</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">715–717</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Reiki_(era)" title="Reiki (era)">Reiki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">717–724</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Yōrō">Yōrō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">724–729</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jinki_(era)" title="Jinki (era)">Jinki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">729–749</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō">Tenpyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">749</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-kanp%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-kanpō">Tenpyō-kanpō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">749–757</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-shōhō">Tenpyō-shōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">757–765</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-h%C5%8Dji" title="Tenpyō-hōji">Tenpyō-hōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">765–767</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-jingo" title="Tenpyō-jingo">Tenpyō-jingo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">767–770</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jingo-keiun" title="Jingo-keiun">Jingo-keiun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">770–781</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dki" title="Hōki">Hōki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">781–782</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ten%27%C5%8D" title="Ten'ō">Ten'ō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">782–806</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enryaku" title="Enryaku">Enryaku</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">806–810</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daid%C5%8D" title="Daidō">Daidō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">810–824</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin_(era)" title="Kōnin (era)">Kōnin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">824–834</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">834–848</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">848–851</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">851–854</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ninju" title="Ninju">Ninju</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">854–857</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Saik%C5%8D" title="Saikō">Saikō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">857–859</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ten%27an" title="Ten'an">Ten'an</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">859–877</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgan" title="Jōgan">Jōgan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">877–885</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gangy%C5%8D" title="Gangyō">Gangyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">885–889</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ninna" title="Ninna">Ninna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">889–898</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kanpy%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kanpyō (era)">Kanpyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">898–901</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtai" title="Shōtai">Shōtai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">901–923</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Engi_(era)" title="Engi (era)">Engi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">923–931</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ench%C5%8D" title="Enchō">Enchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">931–938</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dhei" title="Jōhei">Jōhei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">938–947</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D" title="Tengyō">Tengyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">947–957</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenryaku" title="Tenryaku">Tenryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">957–961</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tentoku" title="Tentoku">Tentoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">961–964</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cwa" title="Ōwa">Ōwa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">964–968</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kōhō">Kōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">968–970</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Anna_(era)" title="Anna (era)">Anna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">970–973</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenroku" title="Tenroku">Tenroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">973–976</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ten%27en" title="Ten'en">Ten'en</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">976–978</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Heian_period)" title="Jōgen (Heian period)">Jōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">978–983</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tengen_(era)" title="Tengen (era)">Tengen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">983–985</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eikan" title="Eikan">Eikan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">985–987</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kanna_(era)" title="Kanna (era)">Kanna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">987–988</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eien" title="Eien">Eien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">988–990</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiso_(era)" title="Eiso (era)">Eiso</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">990–995</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dryaku" title="Shōryaku">Shōryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">995–999</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dtoku" title="Chōtoku">Chōtoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">999–1004</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_(era)" title="Chōhō (era)">Chōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1004–1012</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kank%C5%8D" title="Kankō">Kankō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1012–1017</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dwa" title="Chōwa">Chōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1017–1021</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kannin" title="Kannin">Kannin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1021–1024</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jian_(era)" title="Jian (era)">Jian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1024–1028</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Manju_(era)" title="Manju (era)">Manju</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1028–1037</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dgen" title="Chōgen">Chōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1037–1040</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dryaku" title="Chōryaku">Chōryaku</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1040–1044</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Chōkyū">Chōkyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1044–1046</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kantoku" title="Kantoku">Kantoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1046–1053</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Eishō (Heian period)">Eishō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1053–1058</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tengi" title="Tengi">Tengi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1058–1065</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhei" title="Kōhei">Kōhei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1065–1069</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jiryaku" title="Jiryaku">Jiryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1069–1074</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%AB" title="Enkyū">Enkyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1074–1077</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Jōhō">Jōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1077–1081</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dryaku" title="Jōryaku">Jōryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1081–1084</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eih%C5%8D" title="Eihō">Eihō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1084–1087</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctoku" title="Ōtoku">Ōtoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1087–1094</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kanji_(era)" title="Kanji (era)">Kanji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1094–1096</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kah%C5%8D" title="Kahō">Kahō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1096–1097</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eich%C5%8D" title="Eichō">Eichō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1097–1099</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dtoku" title="Jōtoku">Jōtoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1099–1104</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Kōwa (Heian period)">Kōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1104–1106</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dji" title="Chōji">Chōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1106–1108</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kaj%C5%8D" title="Kajō">Kajō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1108–1110</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tennin_(era)" title="Tennin (era)">Tennin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1110–1113</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ten%27ei" title="Ten'ei">Ten'ei</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1113–1118</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%AB" title="Eikyū">Eikyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1118–1120</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gen%27ei" title="Gen'ei">Gen'ei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1120–1124</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dan" title="Hōan">Hōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1124–1126</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenji_(era)" title="Tenji (era)">Tenji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1126–1131</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daiji_(era)" title="Daiji (era)">Daiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1131–1132</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Tenshō (Heian period)">Tenshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1132–1135</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Chōshō">Chōshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1135–1141</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Den" title="Hōen">Hōen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1141–1142</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiji_(era)" title="Eiji (era)">Eiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1142–1144</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Heian_period)" title="Kōji (Heian period)">Kōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1144–1145</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ten%27y%C5%8D" title="Ten'yō">Ten'yō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1145–1151</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABan" title="Kyūan">Kyūan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1151–1154</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ninpei" title="Ninpei">Ninpei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1154–1156</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABju" title="Kyūju">Kyūju</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1156–1159</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_(era)" title="Hōgen (era)">Hōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1159–1160</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Heiji" title="Heiji">Heiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1160–1161</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiryaku" title="Eiryaku">Eiryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1161–1163</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C5%8D" title="Ōhō">Ōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1163–1165</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dkan" title="Chōkan">Chōkan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1165–1166</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiman" title="Eiman">Eiman</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1166–1169</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nin%27an" title="Nin'an">Nin'an</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1169–1171</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kaō (era)">Kaō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1171–1175</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dan_(era)" title="Jōan (era)">Jōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1175–1177</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Angen" title="Angen">Angen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1177–1181</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jish%C5%8D" title="Jishō">Jishō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1181–1182</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dwa" title="Yōwa">Yōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1182–1184</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Juei" title="Juei">Juei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1184–1185</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genryaku" title="Genryaku">Genryaku</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1185–1190</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunji_(era)" title="Bunji (era)">Bunji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1190–1199</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%AB" title="Kenkyū">Kenkyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1199–1201</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji_(era)" title="Shōji (era)">Shōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1201–1204</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kennin" title="Kennin">Kennin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1204–1206</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genky%C5%AB" title="Genkyū">Genkyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1206–1207</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ken%27ei" title="Ken'ei">Ken'ei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1207–1211</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Kamakura_period)" title="Jōgen (Kamakura period)">Jōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1211–1213</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenryaku" title="Kenryaku">Kenryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1213–1219</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kempo_(era)" title="Kempo (era)">Kempo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1219–1222</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1222–1224</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Jōō (Kamakura period)">Jōō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1224–1225</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gennin" title="Gennin">Gennin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1225–1227</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Karoku" title="Karoku">Karoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1227–1229</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Antei" title="Antei">Antei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1229–1232</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kangi" title="Kangi">Kangi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1232–1233</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dei" title="Jōei">Jōei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1233–1234</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenpuku" title="Tenpuku">Tenpuku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1234–1235</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunryaku" title="Bunryaku">Bunryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1235–1238</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Katei" title="Katei">Katei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1238–1239</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ryakunin" title="Ryakunin">Ryakunin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1239–1240</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/En%27%C5%8D" title="En'ō">En'ō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1240–1243</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ninji" title="Ninji">Ninji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1243–1247</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kangen" title="Kangen">Kangen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1247–1249</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dji_(era)" title="Hōji (era)">Hōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1249–1256</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kench%C5%8D" title="Kenchō">Kenchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1256–1257</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgen" title="Kōgen">Kōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1257–1259</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dka_(era)" title="Shōka (era)">Shōka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1259–1260</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgen" title="Shōgen">Shōgen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1260–1261</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bun%27%C5%8D" title="Bun'ō">Bun'ō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1261–1264</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Kōchō">Kōchō</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;;font-size:90%:;"><div id="1264–present99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1264–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;">Nanboku-chō</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Muromachi <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Momoyama</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;"><span class="nobold">Edo <span style="font-size:85%;">(cont'd)</span></span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:lightsteelblue;text-align:left;">Modern Japan</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1264–1275</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bun%27ei" title="Bun'ei">Bun'ei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1275–1278</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenji_(era)" title="Kenji (era)">Kenji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1278–1288</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Kamakura_period)" title="Kōan (Kamakura period)">Kōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1288–1293</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Shōō (Kamakura period)">Shōō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1293–1299</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Einin" title="Einin">Einin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1299–1302</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dan" title="Shōan">Shōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1302–1303</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kengen" title="Kengen">Kengen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1303–1306</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kagen" title="Kagen">Kagen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1306–1308</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tokuji" title="Tokuji">Tokuji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1308–1311</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Enkyō (Kamakura period)">Enkyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1311–1312</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cch%C5%8D" title="Ōchō">Ōchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1312–1317</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1312%E2%80%931317)" title="Shōwa (1312–1317)">Shōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1317–1319</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunp%C5%8D" title="Bunpō">Bunpō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1319–1321</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gen%27%C5%8D" title="Gen'ō">Gen'ō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1321–1324</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_(first)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genkō (first)">Genkō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1324–1326</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB_(era)" title="Shōchū (era)">Shōchū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1326–1329</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Karyaku" title="Karyaku">Karyaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1329–1331</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gentoku" title="Gentoku">Gentoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1331–1334</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_(second)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genkō (second)">Genkō</a><sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1332–1333</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Shōkyō">Shōkyō</a><sup>b</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1334–1338</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenmu" title="Kenmu">Kenmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1338–1342</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ryaku%C5%8D" title="Ryakuō">Ryakuō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1342–1345</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dei" title="Kōei">Kōei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1345–1350</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Jōwa (Muromachi period)">Jōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1350–1352</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D" title="Kannō">Kannō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1352–1356</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunna" title="Bunna">Bunna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1356–1361</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enbun" title="Enbun">Enbun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1361–1362</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōan (Muromachi period)">Kōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1362–1368</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dji" title="Jōji">Jōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1368–1375</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Can" title="Ōan">Ōan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1375–1379</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiwa" title="Eiwa">Eiwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1379–1381</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dryaku" title="Kōryaku">Kōryaku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1381–1384</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eitoku" title="Eitoku">Eitoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1384–1387</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Shitoku" title="Shitoku">Shitoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1387–1389</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kakei" title="Kakei">Kakei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1389–1390</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8D%C5%8D" title="Kōō">Kōō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1390–1394</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Meitoku" title="Meitoku">Meitoku</a><sup>c</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1334–1336</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kenmu" title="Kenmu">Kenmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1336–1340</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Engen" title="Engen">Engen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1340–1346</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dkoku" title="Kōkoku">Kōkoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1346–1370</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei" title="Shōhei">Shōhei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1370–1372</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kentoku" title="Kentoku">Kentoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1372–1375</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunch%C5%AB" title="Bunchū">Bunchū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1375–1381</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenju" title="Tenju">Tenju</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1381–1384</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōwa (Muromachi period)">Kōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1384–1392</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gench%C5%AB" title="Genchū">Genchū</a><sup>c</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1394–1428</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cei" title="Ōei">Ōei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1428–1429</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Shōchō">Shōchō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1429–1441</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%8D" title="Eikyō">Eikyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1441–1444</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kakitsu" title="Kakitsu">Kakitsu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1444–1449</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bun%27an" title="Bun'an">Bun'an</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1449–1452</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dtoku" title="Hōtoku">Hōtoku</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1452–1455</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku" title="Kyōtoku">Kyōtoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1455–1457</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Kōshō">Kōshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1457–1460</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Droku" title="Chōroku">Chōroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1460–1466</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kansh%C5%8D" title="Kanshō">Kanshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1466–1467</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunsh%C5%8D" title="Bunshō">Bunshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1467–1469</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin" title="Ōnin">Ōnin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1469–1487</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunmei" title="Bunmei">Bunmei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1487–1489</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Chōkyō">Chōkyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1489–1492</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Entoku" title="Entoku">Entoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1492–1501</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mei%C5%8D" title="Meiō">Meiō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1501–1521</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunki" title="Bunki">Bunki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1504–1521</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Muromachi_period)" title="Eishō (Muromachi period)">Eishō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1521–1528</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Daiei_(era)" title="Daiei (era)">Daiei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1528–1532</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Droku" title="Kyōroku">Kyōroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1532–1555</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenbun" title="Tenbun">Tenbun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1555–1558</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōji (Muromachi period)">Kōji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1558–1570</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Eiroku" title="Eiroku">Eiroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1570–1573</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1573–1592</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Momoyama_period)" title="Tenshō (Momoyama period)">Tenshō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1592–1596</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunroku" title="Bunroku">Bunroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1596–1615</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1615–1624</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genna" title="Genna">Genna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1624–1644</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1644–1648</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1648–1652</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Keian" title="Keian">Keian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1652–1655</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1655–1658</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Meireki" title="Meireki">Meireki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1658–1661</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Manji_(era)" title="Manji (era)">Manji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1661–1673</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kanbun_(era)" title="Kanbun (era)">Kanbun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1673–1681</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enp%C5%8D" title="Enpō">Enpō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1681–1684</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenna" title="Tenna">Tenna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1684–1688</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Jōkyō">Jōkyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1688–1704</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genroku" title="Genroku">Genroku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1704–1711</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dei" title="Hōei">Hōei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1711–1716</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtoku_(era)" title="Shōtoku (era)">Shōtoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1716–1736</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kyōhō">Kyōhō</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1736–1741</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genbun" title="Genbun">Genbun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1741–1744</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kanp%C5%8D" title="Kanpō">Kanpō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1744–1748</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Enkyō (Edo period)">Enkyō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1748–1751</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kan%27en" title="Kan'en">Kan'en</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1751–1764</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dreki" title="Hōreki">Hōreki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1764–1772</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Meiwa" title="Meiwa">Meiwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1772–1781</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/An%27ei" title="An'ei">An'ei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1781–1789</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenmei" title="Tenmei">Tenmei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1789–1801</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kansei" title="Kansei">Kansei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1801–1804</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dwa" title="Kyōwa">Kyōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1804–1818</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1818–1830</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunsei" title="Bunsei">Bunsei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1830–1844</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tenp%C5%8D" title="Tenpō">Tenpō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1844–1848</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka" title="Kōka">Kōka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1848–1854</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kaei" title="Kaei">Kaei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1854–1860</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ansei" title="Ansei">Ansei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1860–1861</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Man%27en" title="Man'en">Man'en</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1861–1864</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bunky%C5%AB" title="Bunkyū">Bunkyū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1864–1865</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Genji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genji (era)">Genji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1865–1868</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;vertical-align:top;width:10em;"><div> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1868–1912</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1912–1926</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1926–1989</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">1989–2019</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heisei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:5.5em;background:transparent;padding-right:1.0em;text-align:right; font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;color:#555;white-space:nowrap;">2019–present</th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:auto;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;;background:lightsteelblue;font-size:90%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>a</sup> Not recognized by the Northern Court, which retained <a href="/wiki/Gentoku" title="Gentoku">Gentoku</a> until 1332.</li> <li><sup>b</sup> Not recognized by the Southern Court.</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Genchū discontinued upon <a href="/wiki/Northern_Court#Re-unification_of_Imperial_Courts" title="Northern Court">reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts</a> in 1392 and Meitoku retained until 1394.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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