CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>United States - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"eae4bd81-073d-490d-9e4a-ccfbaaaa27a4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"United_States","wgTitle":"United States","wgCurRevisionId":1259616186,"wgRevisionId":1259616186,"wgArticleId":3434750,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from November 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1: long volume value","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages", "Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use American English from January 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from August 2024","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023","Pages using largest cities with unknown parameters","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","Free-content attribution","Free content from FAO","Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch","Coordinates on Wikidata","United States","Countries in North America","English-speaking countries and territories","Federal constitutional republics", "Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas","Former confederations","G20 members","Member states of NATO","Member states of the United Nations","States and territories established in 1776"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"United_States","wgRelevantArticleId":3434750,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40, "lon":-100},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q30","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.imagemap.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.imagemap","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.imagemap.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="632"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="421"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="337"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="United States - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-United_States rootpage-United_States skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indigenous_peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Indigenous peoples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_settlement_and_conflict_(1607–1765)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement_and_conflict_(1607–1765)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 European settlement and conflict (1607–1765) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement_and_conflict_(1607–1765)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_Revolution_and_the_early_republic_(1765–1800)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Revolution_and_the_early_republic_(1765–1800)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 American Revolution and the early republic (1765–1800) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Revolution_and_the_early_republic_(1765–1800)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Westward_expansion_and_Civil_War_(1800–1865)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westward_expansion_and_Civil_War_(1800–1865)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Westward expansion and Civil War (1800–1865) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westward_expansion_and_Civil_War_(1800–1865)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–Civil_War_era_(1865–1917)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–Civil_War_era_(1865–1917)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post–Civil War era (1865–1917) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–Civil_War_era_(1865–1917)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_as_a_superpower_(1917–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_as_a_superpower_(1917–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Rise as a superpower (1917–1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_as_a_superpower_(1917–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_War_(1945–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_War_(1945–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Cold War (1945–1991) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_War_(1945–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_(1991–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_(1991–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Contemporary (1991–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_(1991–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 National government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Subdivisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_criminal_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_and_criminal_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Law enforcement and criminal justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_criminal_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science,_technology,_spaceflight_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science,_technology,_spaceflight_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Science, technology, spaceflight and energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science,_technology,_spaceflight_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Urbanization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture and society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Mass media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Fashion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Maps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">United States</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 319 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-319" aria-hidden="true" > 319 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika_Syarikat" title="Amirika Syarikat – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Amirika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Америкэ Штат Зэгуэтхэр – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Америкэ Штат Зэгуэтхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%97%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Америкэ Штат Зэхэтхэр – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Америкэ Штат Зэхэтхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verenigde State van Amerika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%89%A3%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A9%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%9B%E1%89%B6%E1%89%BD" title="የተባበሩት ግዛቶች – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተባበሩት ግዛቶች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovt%C3%A2stum_staatah" title="Ovtâstum staatah – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ovtâstum staatah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अमेरिका – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geanedan_Ricu_America" title="Geanedan Ricu America – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Geanedan Ricu America" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Еиду Америкатәи Аштатқәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Еиду Америкатәи Аштатқәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaus_Unius" title="Estaus Unius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estaus Unius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամերիկայի Միացեալ Նահանգներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ամերիկայի Միացեալ Նահանգներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statili_Uniti_ali_America" title="Statili Uniti ali America – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Statili Uniti ali America" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tats-Unis" title="Ètats-Unis – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ètats-Unis" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_d%27Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estaos Xuníos d'América – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estaos Xuníos d'América" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitci_mokoman_aski" title="Kitci mokoman aski – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kitci mokoman aski" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Ret%C3%A3voreku%C3%A9ra_Joaju" title="Amérika Retãvorekuéra Joaju – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Amérika Retãvorekuéra Joaju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Америкалъул Цолъарал Штатал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Америкалъул Цолъарал Штатал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istadus_Unidus" title="Istadus Unidus – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Istadus Unidus" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E" title="ABŞ – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Serikat" title="Amérika Serikat – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Amérika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_ka_Kelenyalen_Jamanaw" title="Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika_Sarikat" title="Amirika Sarikat – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Amirika Sarikat" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok" title="Bí-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Америка Ҡушма Штаттары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अमेरिका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunaeted_Stet_blong_Amerika" title="Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Съединени американски щати – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съединени американски щати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaoanigte_Stootn" title="Vaoanigte Stootn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vaoanigte Stootn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་མེ་རི་ཁ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་མེ་རི་ཁ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjedinjene Američke Države" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stado%C3%B9-Unanet_Amerika" title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Stadoù-Unanet Amerika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Америкын Нэгэдэһэн Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Америкын Нэгэдэһэн Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estats Units d'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Америкăри Пĕрлешĕннĕ Штатсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Америкăри Пĕрлешĕннĕ Штатсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%C3%ADpong_B%C3%A1ns%C3%A0" title="Tinípong Bánsà – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tinípong Bánsà" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_st%C3%A1ty_americk%C3%A9" title="Spojené státy americké – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Spojené státy americké" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidus" title="Estados Unidus – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Estados Unidus" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_America" title="Estados Unidos de America – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Estados Unidos de America" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="United States of America" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="United States of America" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="United States of America" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unol_Daleithiau_America" title="Unol Daleithiau America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Unol Daleithiau America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/America" title="America – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="America" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الولايات المتاحدة د ميريكان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الولايات المتاحدة د ميريكان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerihk%C3%A1_ovttastuvvan_st%C3%A1htat" title="Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenichde_Schtaade" title="Vereenichde Schtaade – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Vereenichde Schtaade" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vereinigte Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A7" title="އެމެރިކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެމެރިކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A1%C3%A1shindoon_Bik%C3%A9yah_A%C5%82hidadiidzoo%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjadno%C5%9Bone_staty_Ameriki" title="Zjadnośone staty Ameriki – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zjadnośone staty Ameriki" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%8A%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6" title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriigid" title="Ameerika Ühendriigid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriigid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_Un%C3%AE" title="Stat Unî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Stat Unî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usono" title="Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaus_Un%C3%ADus" title="Estaus Uníus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estaus Uníus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="United States of America" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feriene_Steaten" title="Feriene Steaten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Feriene Steaten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowlaaji_Dentu%C9%97i" title="Dowlaaji Dentuɗi – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Dowlaaji Dentuɗi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A2ts_Un%C3%AEts_di_Americhe" title="Stâts Unîts di Americhe – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Stâts Unîts di Americhe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1it_Aontaithe_Mheirice%C3%A1" title="Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatyn_Unnaneysit_America" title="Steatyn Unnaneysit America – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Steatyn Unnaneysit America" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletl%C3%A4ri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletläri – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletläri" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_St%C3%A0itean_Aonaichte" title="Na Stàitean Aonaichte – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na Stàitean Aonaichte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Estados Unidos de América – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estados Unidos de América" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Хетта Америкера Штаташ – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хетта Америкера Штаташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="美國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A4_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%86" title="آمريکا ايجؤنأبؤ ايالتؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آمريکا ايجؤنأبؤ ايالتؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%AB_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="યુનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટ્સ ઓફ અમેરિકા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યુનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટ્સ ઓફ અમેરિકા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="अमेरिकेचीं संयुक्त राज्यां – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अमेरिकेचीं संयुक्त राज्यां" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plidop%E1%BB%8D_Ayimat%E1%BA%B9n_l%E1%BA%B9_t%E1%BB%8Dn_Am%E1%BA%B9lika_t%E1%BB%8Dn" title="Plidopọ Ayimatẹn lẹ tọn Amẹlika tọn – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Plidopọ Ayimatẹn lẹ tọn Amẹlika tọn" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet" title="Mî-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%86%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Америкин Ниицәтә Орн Нутугуд – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Америкин Ниицәтә Орн Нутугуд" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarayyar_Amurka" title="Tarayyar Amurka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarayyar Amurka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAmelika_Hui_P%C5%AB_%CA%BBia" title="ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjedno%C4%87ene_staty_Ameriki" title="Zjednoćene staty Ameriki – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zjednoćene staty Ameriki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sjedinjene Američke Države" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa" title="Usa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Usa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njik%E1%BB%8D%CC%80ta%E1%BB%8D%CC%80h%C3%A0" title="Njikọ̀taọ̀hà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Njikọ̀taọ̀hà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_iti_Amerika" title="Estados Unidos iti Amerika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Estados Unidos iti Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তিলপারাষ্ট্র – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তিলপারাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statos_Unite_de_America" title="Statos Unite de America – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Statos Unite de America" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_States_de_America" title="Unit States de America – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Unit States de America" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%92%A5%E1%90%8A%E1%93%95%E1%91%B2" title="ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannapta_Nunaat" title="Tannapta Nunaat – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tannapta Nunaat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYunayithedi_Steyitsi" title="IYunayithedi Steyitsi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IYunayithedi Steyitsi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMelika" title="IMelika – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMelika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkin" title="Bandaríkin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandaríkin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Sar%C3%A9kat" title="Amérika Sarékat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amérika Sarékat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etaazuunii" title="Etaazuunii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Etaazuunii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Американы Бирлешген Штатлары – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Американы Бирлешген Штатлары" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%DA%A9%DB%81" title="اَمریٖکہ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَمریٖکہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjedn%C3%B3n%C3%A9_Kraje_Americzi" title="Zjednóné Kraje Americzi – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zjednóné Kraje Americzi" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Құрама Штаттары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Америка Құрама Штаттары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statys_Unys" title="Statys Unys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Statys Unys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leta_Zunze_Ubumwe_z%E2%80%99Amerika" title="Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leta_z%E2%80%99Unze_Ubumwe_za_Amerika" title="Leta z’Unze Ubumwe za Amerika – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Leta z’Unze Ubumwe za Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Marekani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_%D3%A6%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%87%D3%A7%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Америкаса Ӧтувтчӧм Штатъяс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Америкаса Ӧтувтчӧм Штатъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etats-Unis" title="Etats-Unis – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Etats-Unis" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikatanarasokeem" title="Amerikatanarasokeem – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Amerikatanarasokeem" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etazini" title="Etazini – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Etazini" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tazini" title="Étazini – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Étazini" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AAn_Yekb%C3%BBy%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_Amer%C3%AEkay%C3%AA" title="Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Кошмо Штаттары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америка Кошмо Штаттары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%B6%D3%B9" title="Америкын Ушымы Штатвлӓжӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Америкын Ушымы Штатвлӓжӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stac_Unii_d%27America" title="Stac Unii d'America – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Stac Unii d'America" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos_de_Amerika" title="Estados Unidos de Amerika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Estados Unidos de Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%87%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%83_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83" title="Американал ЦачӀунхьу Штатру – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Американал ЦачӀунхьу Штатру" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ສະຫະລັດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຫະລັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikys_Sa%C5%A1kierstuos_Va%C4%BCsteibys" title="Amerikys Saškierstuos Vaļsteibys – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Amerikys Saškierstuos Vaļsteibys" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae_Americae" title="Civitates Foederatae Americae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitates Foederatae Americae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenegt_Staate_vun_Amerika" title="Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америкадин Садхьанвай Штатар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Америкадин Садхьанвай Штатар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtin%C4%97s_Amerikos_Valstijos" title="Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Un%C3%AFi_d%27America" title="Stati Unïi d'America – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stati Unïi d'America" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinegde_Staote_vaan_Amerika" title="Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vereinegde Staote vaan Amerika" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisang%C3%A1_lya_Amer%C3%ADka" title="Lisangá lya Ameríka – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisangá lya Ameríka" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statos_Unida_de_America" title="Statos Unida de America – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Statos Unida de America" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_Yhtysvallat" title="Amerikan Yhtysvallat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Amerikan Yhtysvallat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mergu%27e" title="mergu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mergu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amerika" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_Unid_d%27America" title="Stat Unid d'America – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stat Unid d'America" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok" title="Amerikai Egyesült Államok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai Egyesült Államok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Соединети Американски Држави – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Соединети Американски Држави" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etazonia" title="Etazonia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etazonia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti" title="Stati Uniti – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Stati Uniti" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hononga-o-Amerika" title="Hononga-o-Amerika – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hononga-o-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87" title="अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკაშ აკოართაფილი შტატეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამერიკაშ აკოართაფილი შტატეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="امريكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آمریکای متحده ایالات – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آمریکای متحده ایالات" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Sarikaik" title="Amerika Sarikaik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Amerika Sarikaik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-gu%C3%B3k" title="Mī-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stados_Ounidos_de_la_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Stados Ounidos de la América – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stados Ounidos de la América" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Америконь Соткс – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Америконь Соткс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanitu_Cokovata_o_Amerika" title="Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verienigde_Staoten_van_Amerika" title="Verienigde Staoten van Amerika – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Verienigde Staoten van Amerika" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD" title="アメリカ合衆国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Aunite_d%27Amereca" title="State Aunite d'Amereca – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="State Aunite d'Amereca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8A%DF%A1%DF%8B%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9E%DF%8C%DF%AC_%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9D%DF%8F%DF%AB_%DF%98%DF%8D%DF%AC%DF%A3%DF%8D%DF%B2" title="ߊߡߋߙߌߞߌ߬ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߊߡߋߙߌߞߌ߬ ߞߊ߬ߝߏ߫ ߘߍ߬ߣߍ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Америкин Цхьаьнатоьхна Штаташ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Америкин Цхьаьнатоьхна Штаташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feriind_Stoote_foon_Ameerika" title="Feriind Stoote foon Ameerika – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Feriind Stoote foon Ameerika" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunitid_Staits_o%27_Merika" title="Yunitid Staits o' Merika – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Yunitid Staits o' Merika" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Atats_Unnis_d%27Am%C3%A9thique" title="Êtats Unnis d'Améthique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êtats Unnis d'Améthique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionati_States_de_Amerika" title="Unionati States de Amerika – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Unionati States de Amerika" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estats Units d'America" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Ушымо Американ Штат-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ушымо Американ Штат-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokkummaa_Koonyootaa_Ameerikaa" title="Tokkummaa Koonyootaa Ameerikaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tokkummaa Koonyootaa Ameerikaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlari" title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereinigte_Staaten_von_Amerika" title="Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amilika" title="Amilika – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Amilika" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="امریکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F" title="အမေႏရိကန်ႏခမ်းခြွဉ်းဗူႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အမေႏရိကန်ႏခမ်းခြွဉ်းဗူႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadonan_Uni_di_Am%C3%A9rika" title="Estadonan Uni di Amérika – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Estadonan Uni di Amérika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="امریکا متحده ايالات – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امریکا متحده ايالات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunaitid_Stiet" title="Yunaitid Stiet – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yunaitid Stiet" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C_%D3%A6%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B7" title="Америкаись Ӧтлаасьӧм Штаттэз – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Америкаись Ӧтлаасьӧм Штаттэз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tots-Unnis_d%27Anm%C3%A9rike" title="Étots-Unnis d'Anmérike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Étots-Unnis d'Anmérike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_Un%C3%AC_d%27Am%C3%A9rica" title="Stat Unì d'América – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stat Unì d'América" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Yunaitet_Stet" title="Ol Yunaitet Stet – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol Yunaitet Stet" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenigte_Staten" title="Vereenigte Staten – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vereenigte Staten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stany Zjednoczone" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qurama_Shtatlar%C4%B1" title="Amerika Qurama Shtatları – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Amerika Qurama Shtatları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qo%C5%9Fma_%C5%9Etatlar%C4%B1" title="Amerika Qoşma Ştatları – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Amerika Qoşma Ştatları" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenua_Marite" title="Fenua Marite – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Fenua Marite" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vereenichde_Staate_van_Amerika" title="Vereenichde Staate van Amerika – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vereenichde Staate van Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statele Unite ale Americii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phandle_Staturya_la_Amerikiyake" title="Phandle Staturya la Amerikiyake – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Phandle Staturya la Amerikiyake" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadis_Unids" title="Stadis Unids – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Stadis Unids" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukllachasqa_Amirika_Mamallaqtakuna" title="Hukllachasqa Amirika Mamallaqtakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hukllachasqa Amirika Mamallaqtakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Споєны Штаты Америцькы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Споєны Штаты Америцькы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Соединённые Штаты Америки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соединённые Штаты Америки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Америка Холбоһуктаах Штааттара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Америка Холбоһуктаах Штааттара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuhuwan" title="Amuhuwan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Amuhuwan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iunaite_Sitete_o_Amerika" title="Iunaite Sitete o Amerika – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iunaite Sitete o Amerika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="संयुक्तराज्यानि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="संयुक्तराज्यानि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82K%C3%B6d%C3%B6r%C3%B6-%C3%B4ko_t%C3%AE_Amer%C3%AEka" title="ÂKödörö-ôko tî Amerîka – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="ÂKödörö-ôko tî Amerîka" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%81" title="امریکہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="امریکہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A8rica" title="Istados Unidos de Amèrica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istados Unidos de Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitit_States" title="Unitit States – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Unitit States" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika" title="Amirika – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Amirika" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fereende_Stoaten_fon_Amerikoa" title="Fereende Stoaten fon Amerikoa – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Fereende Stoaten fon Amerikoa" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="United States of America" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtetet_e_Bashkuara_t%C3%AB_Amerik%C3%ABs" title="Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Uniti" title="Stati Uniti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Stati Uniti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="එක්සත් ජනපදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එක්සත් ජනපදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%DA%8F%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMelika_(live)" title="IMelika (live) – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMelika (live)" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spojen%C3%A9_%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty" title="Spojené štáty – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Spojené štáty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdru%C5%BEene_dr%C5%BEave_Amerike" title="Združene države Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Združene države Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%94%D1%80%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%EA%99%91_%D1%A4%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%A5%D0%BD%EA%99%91_%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%EA%99%91" title="Амєрїканьскꙑ Ѥдьнѥнꙑ Дрьжавꙑ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Амєрїканьскꙑ Ѥдьнѥнꙑ Дрьжавꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednocz%C5%AFne_Sztaty" title="Zjednoczůne Sztaty – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Zjednoczůne Sztaty" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobolada_Midoobay" title="Gobolada Midoobay – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gobolada Midoobay" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondre_Makandrameki" title="Kondre Makandrameki – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kondre Makandrameki" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Сједињене Америчке Државе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сједињене Америчке Државе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sjedinjene Američke Države" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Sarikat" title="Amérika Sarikat – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Amérika Sarikat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvallat" title="Yhdysvallat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvallat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwankn_Munnin_n_Marikan" title="Iwankn Munnin n Marikan – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iwankn Munnin n Marikan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwunak_Yeddukklen_n_Temrikt" title="Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat%C3%A8re_Aun%C3%ACte_d%27Americhe" title="Statère Aunìte d'Americhe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Statère Aunìte d'Americhe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Америка Кушма Штатлары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Америка Кушма Штатлары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A2%E1%80%99%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5" title="မိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် ဢမႄႇရိၵ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းႁူမ်ႈတုမ် ဢမႄႇရိၵ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika%27" title="Amirika' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Amirika'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="అమెరికా సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెరికా సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadu_Naklibur_Sira_Am%C3%A9rika_Nian" title="Estadu Naklibur Sira Amérika Nian – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Estadu Naklibur Sira Amérika Nian" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="สหรัฐอเมริกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหรัฐอเมริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawuut_Matiic" title="Pawuut Matiic – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Pawuut Matiic" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A3%E1%88%98%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB" title="ኣመሪካ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኣመሪካ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pule%CA%BBanga_fakatahataha_%CA%BBAmelika" title="Puleʻanga fakatahataha ʻAmelika – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Puleʻanga fakatahataha ʻAmelika" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%8A%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%B3%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%BF_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%B0%E1%8F%9F" title="ᏌᏊᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏔᏅᏍᎦᏚᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎺᏰᏟ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏌᏊᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏔᏅᏍᎦᏚᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎺᏰᏟ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನೊಲು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನೊಲು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikany%C5%88_Birle%C5%9Fen_%C5%9Etatlary" title="Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Amerika" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C3%A1%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1_S%C3%AD%CC%B1tet" title="Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Muná̱pyia̱ Sí̱tet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Америкалэн Огазеяськем Штатъёсыз – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Америкалэн Огазеяськем Штатъёсыз" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Сполучені Штати Америки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сполучені Штати Америки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81" title="ریاست ہائے متحدہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاست ہائے متحدہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ئامېرىكا قوشما شىتاتلىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئامېرىكا قوشما شىتاتلىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijgoz" title="Meijgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Meijgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stati_Unii_de_l%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Stati Unii de l'Amèrica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stati Unii de l'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_%C3%9Chtenzoittud_Valdkundad" title="Amerikan Ühtenzoittud Valdkundad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Amerikan Ühtenzoittud Valdkundad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamerik%C3%A4n" title="Lamerikän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lamerikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameeriga_%C3%9Ctisriigiq" title="Ameeriga Ütisriigiq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ameeriga Ütisriigiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estats_Unis" title="Estats Unis – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Estats Unis" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mma_Mulo%27usu_Ameerikajat%C3%BC" title="Mma Mulo'usu Ameerikajatü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Mma Mulo'usu Ameerikajatü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="美國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%AAnigde_Stoaten_van_Amerika" title="Verênigde Stoaten van Amerika – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Verênigde Stoaten van Amerika" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiwaan_yu_Bennoo" title="Diiwaan yu Bennoo – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Diiwaan yu Bennoo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikha" title="Amerikha – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Amerikha" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%B2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="פאראײניגטע שטאטן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאראײניגטע שטאטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_America" title="Orílẹ̀ èdè America – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀ èdè America" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="美國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewlet%C3%AA_Amerika%C3%AA_Yewbiyaey" title="Dewletê Amerikaê Yewbiyaey – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dewletê Amerikaê Yewbiyaey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vere%C3%AAnigde_Staeten" title="Vereênigde Staeten – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vereênigde Staeten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV" title="JAV – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="JAV" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrik_Ser%C3%A8kat" title="Amrik Serèkat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Amrik Serèkat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_State_Of_America_(USA)" title="United State Of America (USA) – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="United State Of America (USA)" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagaare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="United States" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Moore</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI%C5%A0" title="AIŠ – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="AIŠ" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:United_States" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/United_States" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/United_States" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&oldid=1259616186" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=United_States&id=1259616186&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnited_States">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnited_States">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=United_States&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:United_States" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/United_States" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/U._S._Government" hreflang="en">Wikiversity</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q30" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States&params=40_N_100_W_dim:10000000_region:region:US_type:country&title=United+States+of+America">40°N 100°W / 40°N 100°W / 40; -100 (United States of America)</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in North America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"America" redirects here. For the landmass comprising North and South America, see <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/America_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="America (disambiguation)">America (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/US_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="US (disambiguation)">US (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="USA (disambiguation)">USA (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="United States (disambiguation)">United States (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_United_States_of_America_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The United States of America (disambiguation)">The United States of America (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">United States of America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(DoS_ECA_Color_Standard).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of United States"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of United States"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/85px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/128px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/170px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States#Obverse" title="Great Seal of the United States"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "<a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;color:inherit;text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Other traditional mottos:<a href="#cite_note-de_facto_Motto-2">[2]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">"<a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E pluribus unum</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) "Out of many, one" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">"<a href="/wiki/Annuit_c%C5%93ptis" title="Annuit cœptis">Annuit cœptis</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) "Providence favors our undertakings" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">"<a href="/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum" title="Novus ordo seclorum">Novus ordo seclorum</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) "New order of the ages" </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>"<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle=""The_Star-Spangled_Banner"_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga/%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=ml&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ml" label="മലയാളം ‪(ml)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=tok&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tok" label="toki pona ‪(tok)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A%22The_Star-Spangled_Banner%22_-_Choral_with_band_accompaniment_-_United_States_Army_Field_Band.oga&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:USA_orthographic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Orthographic map of the U.S. in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_orthographic.svg/220px-USA_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_orthographic.svg/330px-USA_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/USA_orthographic.svg/440px-USA_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="551" /></a>Show globe (<a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">D.C.</a> only)</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:US_insular_areas.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="World map showing the U.S. and its territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_insular_areas.svg/250px-US_insular_areas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_insular_areas.svg/375px-US_insular_areas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/US_insular_areas.svg/500px-US_insular_areas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a>Show the U.S. and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">its territories</a></div><div><a href="/wiki/File:NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg/250px-NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg/375px-NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg/500px-NOAA_Map_of_the_US_EEZ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="613" /></a>Show territories with <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_the_United_States" title="Exclusive economic zone of the United States">their exclusive economic zone</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States&params=38_53_N_77_1_W_">38°53′N 77°1′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States&params=40_43_N_74_0_W_">40°43′N 74°0′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data">None at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal level</a><a href="#cite_note-officiallanguage-4">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusData-6">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020InteractiveCensusData-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist">By race: <ul><li>61.6% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></li> <li>12.4% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></li> <li>6% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></li> <li>1.1% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a></li> <li>10.2% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a></li> <li>8.4% <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">other</a></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">By origin: <ul><li>81.3% non-<a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a></li> <li>18.7% Hispanic or Latino</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Staff-2007-9">[7]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>67% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> <ul><li>33% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a></li> <li>22% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a></li> <li>1% <a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormonism</a></li> <li>11% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">22% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">unaffiliated</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">2% <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Judaism</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">6% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">other religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">3% unanswered</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a><a href="#cite_note-demonym-10">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of United States">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federal</a> presidential republic</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1776 (1776-07-04)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1, 1781 (1781-03-01)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Recognized</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">September 3, 1783 (1783-09-03)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 21, 1788 (1788-06-21)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total area</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520 km2)<a href="#cite_note-CensusGov2010HTML-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-largestcountry-14">[d]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.0<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> (2010)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Land area</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,531,905 sq mi (9,147,590 km2) (3rd)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of United States">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 334,914,895<a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 331,449,281<a href="#cite_note-pop-16">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">185th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $29.168 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $86,601<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $29.168 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $86,601<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 41.7<a href="#cite_note-19">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.927<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-21">[15]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">20th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/$" class="mw-redirect" title="$">$</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>−4 to −12, +10, +11</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>−4 to −10<a href="#cite_note-time-22">[g]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">mm/dd/yyyy<a href="#cite_note-23">[h]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right<a href="#cite_note-drive-24">[i]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">+1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[16]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal union</a> of 50 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> and a federal capital district, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> The <a href="/wiki/48_contiguous_states" class="mw-redirect" title="48 contiguous states">48 contiguous states</a> border <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to the south, with the states of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> to the northwest and the <a href="/wiki/Archipelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Archipelagic">archipelagic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. The United States also asserts sovereignty over five <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">major island territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">various uninhabited islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[j]</a> The country has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">third-largest land area</a>,<a href="#cite_note-largestcountry-14">[d]</a> <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone#Rankings_by_area" title="Exclusive economic zone">largest exclusive economic zone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">third-largest population</a>, exceeding 334 million.<a href="#cite_note-pop_clock-30">[k]</a> Its three <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan statistical areas by population">largest metropolitan areas</a> are <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a>, and its three <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">most populous states</a> are <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a> migrated across the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a> more than 12,000 years ago, and formed <a href="/wiki/History_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="History of Native Americans in the United States">various civilizations and societies</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British colonization</a> led to the first settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> in 1607. Clashes with the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> over taxation and <a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">political representation</a> sparked the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> formally <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">declaring independence</a> on July 4, 1776. Following its victory in the 1775–1783 <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a>, the country continued to <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">expand westward across North America</a>, resulting in the dispossession of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">native inhabitants</a>. As more states <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">were admitted</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">North–South division</a> over slavery led to the secession of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, which fought states remaining in <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">the Union</a> in the 1861–1865 <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. With the victory and preservation of the United States, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">slavery was abolished nationally</a>. By 1900, the country had established itself as a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a>, a status solidified after its involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> in December 1941, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="American entry into World War II">entered World War II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Its aftermath</a> left the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as the world's two <a href="/wiki/Superpowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpowers">superpowers</a> and led to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, during which both countries struggled for <a href="/wiki/Ideological_dominance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideological dominance">ideological dominance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">international influence</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union's collapse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">end of the Cold War</a> in 1991, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Superpower#After_the_Cold_War" title="Superpower">emerged as the world's sole superpower</a>, wielding <a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">significant geopolitical influence globally</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. national government</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">constitutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">three separate branches</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">legislative</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">judicial</a>. It has a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> national legislature composed of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> based on population; and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> based on equal representation for each state. <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> provides substantial autonomy to the 50 states, while <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">the country's political culture</a> promotes <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">personal autonomy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a>. One of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">most developed countries</a>, the United States has had the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_largest_historical_GDP" title="List of countries by largest historical GDP">largest nominal GDP since about 1890</a> and accounted for over 15% of the <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">global economy</a> in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-31">[l]</a> It possesses by far the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth" title="List of countries by total wealth">largest amount of wealth of any country</a> and has the <a href="/wiki/Disposable_household_and_per_capita_income#Disposable_income_per_capita_(OECD)" title="Disposable household and per capita income">highest disposable household income per capita</a> among <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries. The U.S. <a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_the_United_States" title="International rankings of the United States">ranks among the world's highest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report#2022_rankings" title="Global Competitiveness Report">economic competitiveness</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_productivity" title="List of countries by labour productivity">productivity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">innovation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">human rights</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">higher education</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">hard power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">cultural influence</a> have a global reach. The U.S. is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[m]</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent member of the UN Security Council</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_United_States" title="Names of the United States">Names of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demonyms_for_the_United_States" title="Demonyms for the United States">Demonyms for the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></div> The first documented use of the phrase "United States of America" is a letter from January 2, 1776. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Moylan" title="Stephen Moylan">Stephen Moylan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> aide to General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, wrote to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_(politician)" title="Joseph Reed (politician)">Joseph Reed</a>, Washington's <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>, seeking to go "with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain" to seek assistance in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> effort.<a href="#cite_note-DeLear-2013-33">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[21]</a> The first known public usage is an <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_work" title="Anonymous work">anonymous</a> essay published in the <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a> newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Virginia_Gazette#Historical_papers" title="The Virginia Gazette">The Virginia Gazette</a>, on April 6, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-DeLear-2013-33">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[23]</a> By June 1776, the "United States of America" appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafire2003199-37">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMostert200518-38">[25]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESafire2003199-37">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-Davis7-39">[26]</a> The term "United States" and the initialism "U.S.", used as nouns or as adjectives in English, are common short names for the country. The initialism "USA", a noun, is also common.<a href="#cite_note-40">[27]</a> "United States" and "U.S." are the established terms throughout the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a>, with prescribed rules.<a href="#cite_note-42">[n]</a> In English, the term "America" rarely refers to topics unrelated to the United States, despite the usage of "the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>" as the totality of North and South America.<a href="#cite_note-43">[29]</a> "The States" is an established colloquial shortening of the name, used particularly from abroad;<a href="#cite_note-44">[30]</a> "stateside" is the corresponding adjective or adverb.<a href="#cite_note-45">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a topical guide, see <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of the history of the United States</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_peoples">Indigenous peoples</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="History of Native Americans in the United States">History of Native Americans in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Extreme_Makeover%2C_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Palace" title="Cliff Palace">Cliff Palace</a>, a settlement of <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">ancestors of</a> the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo peoples">Pueblo peoples</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Montezuma_County,_Colorado" title="Montezuma County, Colorado">Montezuma County, Colorado</a>, built between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200 and 1275<a href="#cite_note-46">[32]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">first inhabitants of North America</a> migrated from <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a> about 12,000 years ago;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlandsonRickVellanoweth200819-47">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavage201155-48">[34]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a>, which appeared around 11,000 BC, is believed to be the first widespread culture in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatersStafford20071122–1126-49">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlannery2015173–185-50">[36]</a> Over time, indigenous North American cultures grew increasingly sophisticated, and some, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, developed <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Complex_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex societies">complex societies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockard2010315-51">[37]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#Post-Archaic_stage" title="History of Native Americans in the United States">post-archaic period</a>, the Mississippian cultures were located in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">midwestern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">eastern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">southern</a> regions, and the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Eastern Seaboard</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Hohokam_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohokam culture">Hohokam culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a> inhabited the <a href="/wiki/American_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southwest">southwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native population estimates</a> of what is now the United States before the arrival of European immigrants range from around 500,000<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornton199834-53">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueGreen200540-54">[40]</a> to nearly 10 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueGreen200540-54">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHainesHainesSteckel200012-55">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement_and_conflict_(1607–1765)">European settlement and conflict (1607–1765)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial American military history</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/220px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/330px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/440px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">1750 colonial possessions</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">Britain</a> (in pink and purple), <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">France</a> (in blue), and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Spain</a> (in orange) in present-day <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the United States</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> began exploring the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> for Spain in 1492, leading to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish-speaking settlements and missions</a> from Puerto Rico and Florida to <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> established <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">its own settlements</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Petto20072-59">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British colonization</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> began with the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia Colony</a> (1607) and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> (1620).<a href="#cite_note-Jr.Selby20182-60">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-BellahSullivan20062-61">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> established precedents for representative <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">constitutionalism</a> that would develop throughout the American colonies.<a href="#cite_note-Remini2–32-62">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnson26–302-63">[49]</a> While European settlers in what is now the United States experienced conflicts with Native Americans, they also engaged in trade, exchanging European tools for food and animal pelts.<a href="#cite_note-64">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[o]</a> Relations ranged from close cooperation to warfare and massacres. The colonial authorities often pursued policies that forced Native Americans to adopt European lifestyles, including conversion to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-69">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[55]</a> Along the eastern seaboard, settlers <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">trafficked African slaves</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[56]</a> The original <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[p]</a> that would later found the United States were administered as possessions of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Great Britain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BilhartzElliott20072-73">[57]</a> and had <a href="/wiki/Colonial_government_in_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies">local governments with elections open to most white male property owners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wood19982-74">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[59]</a> The colonial population grew rapidly, eclipsing Native American populations;<a href="#cite_note-76">[60]</a> by the 1770s, the natural increase of the population was such that only a small minority of Americans had been born overseas.<a href="#cite_note-77">[61]</a> The colonies' distance from Britain allowed for the development of self-governance,<a href="#cite_note-78">[62]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a>, a series of <a href="/wiki/Christian_revival" title="Christian revival">Christian revivals</a>, fueled colonial interest in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religious liberty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[63]</a> For a century, the American colonists <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">had been providing their own troops and materiel in conflicts with indigenous peoples allied with Britain's colonial rivals</a>, especially France, and the Americans had begun to develop a sense of self-defense and self-reliance separate from Britain. The <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (1754–1763) took on new significance for all North American colonists after Parliament under <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham" title="William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham">William Pitt the Elder</a> concluded that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a "<a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">world war</a>". The British colonies' position as an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> became more apparent during the war, with British military and civilian officials becoming a more significant presence in American life. The war increased a sense of American identity as well. Men who otherwise never left their own colony <a href="/wiki/Provincial_troops_in_the_French_and_Indian_Wars" title="Provincial troops in the French and Indian Wars">now traveled across the continent to fight alongside men from decidedly different backgrounds</a> but who were no less "American". British officers trained American officers for battle, most notably <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">George Washington</a>; these officers would lend their skills and expertise to the colonists' cause during the American Revolutionary War to come. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_government_in_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies">colonial legislatures and officials</a> found it necessary to cooperate intensively in pursuit of a coordinated, continent-wide military effort.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-80">[64]</a> Finally, deteriorating relations between the British military establishment and the colonists, relations that were already less than positive, set the stage for further distrust and dislike of British troops. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolution_and_the_early_republic_(1765–1800)">American Revolution and the early republic (1765–1800)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">History of the United States (1776–1789)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">History of the United States (1789–1815)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg/440px-Declaration_of_Independence_%281819%29%2C_by_John_Trumbull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Trumbull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)">Declaration of Independence</a>, a portrait by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a> depicting the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> presenting the draft of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">the Declaration</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> on June 28, 1776, in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> Following their victory in the French and Indian War, Britain began to assert greater control over local colonial affairs, resulting in <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">colonial political resistance</a>; one of the primary colonial grievances was a denial of their <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Englishmen" title="Rights of Englishmen">rights as Englishmen</a>, particularly the right to <a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">representation in the British government that taxed them</a>. To demonstrate their dissatisfaction and resolve, the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> met in 1774 and passed the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a>, a colonial boycott of British goods that proved effective. The British attempt to then disarm the colonists resulted in the 1775 <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>, igniting the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, the colonies appointed <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> commander-in-chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>, and created <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">a committee</a> that named <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> to draft the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>. Two days after passing the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a> to create an independent nation the Declaration was adopted on July 4, 1776.<a href="#cite_note-YoungNash20112-81">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">political values of the American Revolution</a> included <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">inalienable individual rights</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">sovereignty of the people</a>;<a href="#cite_note-82">[66]</a> supporting <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">republicanism</a> and rejecting <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a>, and all hereditary political power; <a href="/wiki/Civic_virtue" title="Civic virtue">civic virtue</a>; and vilification of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">political corruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>, who included Washington, Jefferson, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, and many others, were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> philosophies and ideas.<a href="#cite_note-84">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEoP-2006-85">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> were ratified in 1781 and established a decentralized government that operated until 1789.<a href="#cite_note-YoungNash20112-81">[65]</a> After the British surrender at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">siege of Yorktown</a> in 1781 American sovereignty was internationally recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> (1783), through which the U.S. gained territory stretching west to the Mississippi River, north to present-day Canada, and south to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> (1787) established the precedent by which the country's territory would expand with the <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admission of new states</a>, rather than the expansion of existing states.<a href="#cite_note-87">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> was drafted at the 1787 <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a> to overcome the limitations of the Articles. It went into effect in 1789, creating a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> governed by <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">three separate branches</a> that together ensured a system of <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and balances">checks and balances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoner2020524-88">[72]</a> George Washington <a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">was elected</a> the country's first president under the Constitution, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> was adopted in 1791 to allay skeptics' concerns about the power of the more centralized government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.1]-89">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoner2020538–540-90">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">His resignation as commander-in-chief</a> after the Revolutionary War and his later refusal to run for a third term as the country's first president established a precedent for the supremacy of civil authority in the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_transition_of_power" title="Peaceful transition of power">peaceful transfer of power</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-BoyerJr.20072-91">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.3]-92">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westward_expansion_and_Civil_War_(1800–1865)">Westward expansion and Civil War (1800–1865)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">History of the United States (1815–1849)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">History of the United States (1849–1865)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/220px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/330px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png/440px-U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1038" /></a><figcaption>Historical <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">territorial expansion of the United States</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg/220px-US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg/330px-US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg/440px-US_map_1864_Civil_War_divisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Division of the states during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union states</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Border_states_(American_Civil_War)" title="Border states (American Civil War)">Border states</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate states</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></div></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> of 1803 from France nearly doubled the territory of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-93">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812" title="Origins of the War of 1812">Lingering issues with Britain remained</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, which was fought to a draw.<a href="#cite_note-Wait19992-95">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Spain ceded Florida</a> and its Gulf Coast territory in 1819.<a href="#cite_note-KloseJones19942-97">[81]</a> In the late 18th century, American settlers began to <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">expand westward</a>, many with a sense of <a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">manifest destiny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MD20072-98">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson198841–43-99">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> attempted to balance the desire of northern states to prevent the expansion of slavery into new territories with that of southern states to extend it, admitting <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">slave state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maine#Statehood" title="Maine">Maine</a> as a free state. It further prohibited slavery in all other lands of the Louisiana Purchase north of the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_36%C2%B030%E2%80%B2_north" title="Parallel 36°30′ north">36°30′ parallel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[84]</a> As Americans expanded further into land inhabited by Native Americans, the federal government often applied <a href="/wiki/Federal_Indian_Policy" title="Federal Indian Policy">policies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation_of_Native_Americans" title="Cultural assimilation of Native Americans">assimilation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> (1830–1850) was a U.S. government policy that forcibly removed and displaced most Native Americans living east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> to lands far to the west. These and earlier organized displacements prompted a long series of <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a> west of the Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-103">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-BillingtonRidge2001j2-104">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> was <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">annexed</a> in 1845,<a href="#cite_note-Morrison19992-105">[89]</a> and the 1846 <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Treaty" title="Oregon Treaty">Oregon Treaty</a> led to U.S. control of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">American Northwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kemp20102-106">[90]</a> Victory in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> resulted in the 1848 <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a> of California, Nevada, Utah, and much of present-day Colorado and the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">American Southwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MD20072-98">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-McIlwraithMuller20012-107">[91]</a> The <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a> of 1848–1849 spurred a huge migration of white settlers to the Pacific coast, leading to even more confrontations with Native populations. One of the most violent, the <a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">California genocide</a> of thousands of Native inhabitants, lasted into the early 1870s,<a href="#cite_note-108">[92]</a> just as additional western territories and states were created.<a href="#cite_note-Rawls1999-109">[93]</a> During the colonial period, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">slavery had been legal in the American colonies</a>, though the practice began to be significantly questioned during the American Revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Wright2022-110">[94]</a> States in <a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">the North</a> enacted <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition laws</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Rodriguez2015XXXIVWright2022-111">[95]</a> though support for slavery strengthened in <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern states</a>, as inventions such as the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gin</a> made the institution increasingly profitable for <a href="/wiki/Planter_class" title="Planter class">Southern elites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe2007478,_481–482,_587–588-114">[98]</a> This <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">sectional conflict</a> regarding slavery <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Origins of the American Civil War">culminated</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865).<a href="#cite_note-115">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Woods_2012_pp._415–4392-116">[100]</a> Eleven slave states <a href="/wiki/Seceded" class="mw-redirect" title="Seceded">seceded</a> and formed the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, while the other states remained in <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">the Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Silkenat_2019_p._252-117">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988236-118">[102]</a> War broke out in April 1861 after the Confederates <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter" title="Battle of Fort Sumter">bombarded Fort Sumter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988273–274-120">[104]</a> After the January 1863 <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>, many freed slaves joined the <a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Union army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[105]</a> The war <a href="/wiki/Turning_point_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Turning point of the American Civil War">began to turn in the Union's favor</a> following the 1863 <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vicksburg" title="Siege of Vicksburg">Siege of Vicksburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a>, and the Confederacy surrendered in 1865 after the Union's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">Battle of Appomattox Court House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> followed the war. After <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">the assassination</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a> were passed to <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">protect the rights of African Americans</a>. National infrastructure, including <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_telegraph" title="First transcontinental telegraph">transcontinental telegraph</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">railroads</a>, spurred growth in the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Black2011kj2-123">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–Civil_War_era_(1865–1917)">Post–Civil War era (1865–1917)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">History of the United States (1865–1917)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/220px--Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="147" data-mwtitle="Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Edison_Studios" title="Edison Studios">Edison Studios</a> film showing immigrants arriving at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, a major point of entry for European <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrants</a> in the late 19th and early 20th centuries<a href="#cite_note-PriceBenton-Short2008-124">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[109]</a></figcaption></figure> From 1865 through 1917 an unprecedented stream of immigrants arrived in the United States, including 24.4 million from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-126">[110]</a> Most came through the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">port of New York City</a>, and New York City and other large cities on the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> became home to large <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> populations, while many <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">Germans</a> and Central Europeans moved to the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>. At the same time, about one million <a href="/wiki/French-Canadian_Americans" title="French-Canadian Americans">French Canadians</a> migrated from <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[111]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a>, millions of African Americans <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_economy" title="Jim Crow economy">left the rural South</a> for urban areas in the North.<a href="#cite_note-128">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska was purchased</a> from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> in 1867.<a href="#cite_note-129">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a> effectively ended Reconstruction and <a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">white supremacists took local control of Southern politics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[115]</a> African Americans endured a period of heightened, overt racism following Reconstruction, a time often called the <a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">nadir of American race relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA2-132">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[117]</a> A series of Supreme Court decisions, including <a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a>, emptied the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments of their force, allowing <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> in the South to remain unchecked, <a href="/wiki/Sundown_town" title="Sundown town">sundown towns</a> in the Midwest, and <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregation in communities across the country</a>, which would be reinforced by the policy of <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">redlining</a> later adopted by the federal <a href="/wiki/Home_Owners%27_Loan_Corporation" title="Home Owners' Loan Corporation">Home Owners' Loan Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">An explosion of technological advancement</a> accompanied by the exploitation of cheap immigrant labor<a href="#cite_note-135">[119]</a> led to <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">rapid economic expansion during the late 19th and early 20th centuries</a>, allowing the United States to outpace the economies of England, France, and Germany combined.<a href="#cite_note-136">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[121]</a> This fostered the amassing of power by <a href="/wiki/Robber_baron_(industrialist)" title="Robber baron (industrialist)">a few prominent industrialists</a>, largely by their formation of <a href="/wiki/Trust_(business)" title="Trust (business)">trusts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolies</a> to prevent competition.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic2-138">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tycoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tycoon">Tycoons</a> led the nation's expansion in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="History of rail transportation in the United States">railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the petroleum industry in the United States">petroleum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_steel_industry_(1850%E2%80%931970)" title="History of the steel industry (1850–1970)">steel</a> industries. The United States emerged as a pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">automotive industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[123]</a> These changes were accompanied by significant increases in <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>, <a href="/wiki/How_the_Other_Half_Lives" title="How the Other Half Lives">slum conditions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States" title="List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States">social unrest</a>, creating the environment for <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">labor unions to begin to flourish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fraser2-142">[126]</a> This period eventually ended with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a>, which was characterized by significant reforms.<a href="#cite_note-Aldrich2-143">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[128]</a> Pro-American elements in Hawaii <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy</a>; the islands <a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">were annexed</a> in 1898. That same year, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="The Philippines">the Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> were ceded to the U.S. by Spain after the latter's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. (The Philippines was granted full independence from the U.S. on July 4, 1946, following World War II. Puerto Rico and Guam have remained U.S. territories.)<a href="#cite_note-145">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> was acquired by the United States in 1900 after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Samoan_Civil_War" title="Second Samoan Civil War">Second Samoan Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> were purchased from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-147">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_as_a_superpower_(1917–1945)">Rise as a superpower (1917–1945)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">History of the United States (1917–1945)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif/220px-TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif/330px-TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/TrinityDetonation1945GIF.gif 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity nuclear test</a> in 1945, part of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> and the first detonation of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a>. The World Wars permanently ended <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">the country's policy of isolationism</a> and left it as a <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a>.</figcaption></figure> The United States <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">entered World War I</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies of World War I</a>, helping to turn the tide against the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[132]</a> In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">a constitutional amendment</a> granted nationwide <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[133]</a> During the 1920s and '30s, radio for <a href="/wiki/Mass_communication" title="Mass communication">mass communication</a> and the invention of early television transformed communications nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013410–411-150">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Wall Street Crash of 1929</a> triggered the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, which President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> responded to with the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, a series of <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_agencies" title="Alphabet agencies">sweeping programs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">public works projects</a> combined with financial reforms and <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_economics" title="Regulatory economics">regulations</a>. All were intended to protect against future economic depressions.<a href="#cite_note-151">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism_before_entering_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="United States non-interventionism before entering World War II">Initially neutral</a> during <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a>, the U.S. began <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">supplying war materiel</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a> in March 1941 and <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="American entry into World War II">entered the war</a> in December after the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>'s attack on <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pearl_Harbor2-154">[138]</a> The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">developed the first nuclear weapons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">used them against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a> in August 1945, ending the war.<a href="#cite_note-155">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[140]</a> The United States was one of the "<a href="/wiki/Four_Policemen" title="Four Policemen">Four Policemen</a>" who met to plan the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">post-war world</a>, alongside the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoopesBrinkley1997100-157">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaddis197225-158">[142]</a> The U.S. emerged relatively unscathed from the war, with even greater <a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">economic power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">international political influence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War_(1945–1991)">Cold War (1945–1991)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">History of the United States (1945–1964)</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">History of the United States (1964–1980)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">History of the United States (1980–1991)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/220px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/330px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/440px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1987.</figcaption></figure> After World War II, the United States entered the Cold War, where geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union led the two countries to <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">dominate world affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Blakemore-20192-160">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[146]</a> The U.S. utilized the policy of <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">containment</a> to limit the USSR's sphere of influence, and prevailed in the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a>, which culminated with the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">first crewed Moon landing</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-163">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Proxy2-164">[148]</a> Domestically, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">experienced economic growth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_the_United_States" title="Urbanization in the United States">urbanization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mid-20th_century_baby_boom" title="Mid-20th century baby boom">population growth following World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013305–308-165">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> emerged, with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> becoming a prominent leader in the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-166">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> plan of President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a>'s administration resulted in groundbreaking and broad-reaching laws, policies and a constitutional amendment to counteract some of the worst effects of lingering <a href="/wiki/Institutional_racism" title="Institutional racism">institutional racism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[151]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture movement</a> in the U.S. brought significant social changes, including the liberalization of attitudes toward <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">recreational drug use</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexuality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[153]</a> It also encouraged <a href="/wiki/Draft_evasion_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Draft evasion in the Vietnam War">open defiance of the military draft</a> (leading to the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">end of conscription</a> in 1973) and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">wide opposition</a> to <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="United States in the Vietnam War">U.S. intervention in Vietnam</a> (with the U.S. totally withdrawing in 1975).<a href="#cite_note-170">[154]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">societal shift in the roles of women</a> was significantly responsible for the large increase in female paid labor participation during the 1970s, and by 1985 the majority of American women aged 16 and older were employed.<a href="#cite_note-171">[155]</a> The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">fall of communism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a>, which marked the end of the Cold War and <a href="/wiki/Superpower#After_the_Cold_War" title="Superpower">left the United States as the world's sole superpower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gaidar2-172">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_(1991–present)">Contemporary (1991–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">History of the United States (1991–2008)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">History of the United States (2008–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_(WTC_2)_-_B6019~11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/220px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/330px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg/440px-Explosion_following_the_plane_impact_into_the_South_Tower_%28WTC_2%29_-_B6019~11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">Twin Towers</a> in New York City during the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_%2850820534063%29_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4887" data-file-height="2998" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> in 2021</figcaption></figure> The 1990s saw the <a href="/wiki/1990s_United_States_boom" title="1990s United States boom">longest recorded economic expansion in American history</a>, a dramatic <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States#Crime_over_time" title="Crime in the United States">decline in U.S. crime rates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States#Computers_and_information_networks" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">advances in technology</a>. Throughout this decade, technological innovations such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, the evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Pentium microprocessor</a> in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a>, rechargeable <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion batteries</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a> trial, and <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a> either emerged in the U.S. or were improved upon there. The <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a> was formally launched in 1990, while <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a> became the first stock market in the United States to trade online in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-176">[160]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> of 1991, an <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Coalition of the Gulf War">American-led international coalition of states</a> expelled an <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraqi</a> invasion force that had occupied neighboring <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> on the United States in 2001 by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">pan-Islamist</a> militant organization <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a>, and subsequent <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">military interventions in Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[163]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Cultural influence of the September 11 attacks">cultural impact of the attacks</a> was profound and long-lasting. The <a href="/wiki/2000s_United_States_housing_bubble" title="2000s United States housing bubble">U.S. housing bubble</a> culminated in 2007 with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression.<a href="#cite_note-180">[164]</a> Coming to a head in the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Political_polarization_in_the_United_States" title="Political polarization in the United States">political polarization in the country</a> increased between liberal and conservative factions.<a href="#cite_note-181">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[167]</a> This polarization was capitalized upon in the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 2021 Capitol attack</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kleinfeld-2023-184">[168]</a> when a mob of insurrectionists<a href="#cite_note-Pape-2022-185">[169]</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> and sought to prevent the peaceful transfer of power<a href="#cite_note-186">[170]</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Self-coup#Notable_events_described_as_attempted_self-coups" title="Self-coup">attempted self-coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Multiple_Sources-187">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_United_States" title="Borders of the United States">Borders of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uspaintedrelief.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Uspaintedrelief.png/220px-Uspaintedrelief.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Uspaintedrelief.png/330px-Uspaintedrelief.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Uspaintedrelief.png/440px-Uspaintedrelief.png 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic map</a> of the United States</figcaption></figure> The United States is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">third-largest country</a> by total area behind Russia and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-largestcountry-14">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-188">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Factbook_Area-189">[173]</a> The 48 <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous states and the District of Columbia</a> occupy a combined area of 3,119,885 square miles (8,080,470 km2).<a href="#cite_note-CensusGov2010HTML-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-urlState_Area_Measurements_and_Internal_Point_Coordinates—Geography—U.S._Census_Bureau-191">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Plain" title="Atlantic Plain">The coastal plain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> seaboard gives way to inland forests and rolling hills in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> plateau region.<a href="#cite_note-192">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack</a> massif separate the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and the grasslands of <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">the Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NAU-193">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_System" title="Mississippi River System">Mississippi River System</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_length" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rivers by length">fourth-longest river system</a>, runs predominantly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat and fertile <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> stretches to the west, interrupted by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Interior_Highlands" title="U.S. Interior Highlands">a highland region</a> in the southeast.<a href="#cite_note-NAU-193">[177]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_(52931490880).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg/440px-Grand_Canyon_%2852931490880%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11185" data-file-height="8389" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> in Arizona</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, west of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, peaking at over 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[178]</a> Farther west are the rocky <a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave</a> deserts.<a href="#cite_note-195">[179]</a> In the northwest corner of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, carved by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> over millions of years, is the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a>, a steep-sided canyon and popular tourist destination known for its overwhelming visual size and intricate, colorful landscape. The <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade</a> mountain ranges run close to the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific coast</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the United States">lowest and highest points in the contiguous United States</a> are in the State of California,<a href="#cite_note-196">[180]</a> about 84 miles (135 km) apart.<a href="#cite_note-197">[181]</a> At an elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), Alaska's <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> is the highest peak in the country and continent.<a href="#cite_note-198">[182]</a> Active <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_States" title="List of volcanoes in the United States">volcanoes</a> are common throughout Alaska's <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipelago" title="Alexander Archipelago">Alexander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The <a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">supervolcano</a> underlying <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> in the Rocky Mountains, the <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Caldera" title="Yellowstone Caldera">Yellowstone Caldera</a>, is the continent's largest volcanic feature.<a href="#cite_note-199">[183]</a> In 2021, the United States had 8% of global permanent meadows and pastures and 10% of cropland.<a href="#cite_note-Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations-2023-200">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_States" title="Climate of the United States">Climate of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_US_50.png 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="2692" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of the United States</figcaption></figure> With its large size and geographic variety, the United States includes most climate types. East of the <a href="/wiki/100th_meridian_west" title="100th meridian west">100th meridian</a>, the climate ranges from <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-201">[185]</a> The western Great Plains are <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a>. Many mountainous areas of the American West have an <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine climate</a>. The climate is <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">arid</a> in the Southwest, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">coastal California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> in coastal <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. Most of Alaska is <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polar_climate" title="Polar climate">polar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, the <a href="/wiki/South_Florida" title="South Florida">southern tip of Florida</a> and U.S. territories in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> are <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[186]</a> States bordering the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_in_the_United_States" title="Tornadoes in the United States">occur in the country</a>, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[187]</a> Overall, the United States receives more high-impact extreme weather incidents than any other country.<a href="#cite_note-204">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[189]</a> Extreme weather became more frequent in the U.S. in the 21st century, with three times the number of reported <a href="/wiki/Heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat waves">heat waves</a> as in the 1960s. In the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">American Southwest</a>, droughts became more persistent and more severe.<a href="#cite_note-206">[190]</a> The regions considered as the most attractive to the population are the most vulnerable.<a href="#cite_note-207">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_United_States" title="Fauna of the United States">Fauna of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_United_States" title="Flora of the United States">Flora of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_(2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bald eagle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg/220px-Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg/330px-Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg/440px-Bald_eagle_about_to_fly_in_Alaska_%282016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4007" data-file-height="3206" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_bird_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National bird of the United States">national bird of the United States</a> since 1782<a href="#cite_note-McDougall2004-208">[192]</a></figcaption></figure> The U.S. is one of 17 <a href="/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">megadiverse countries</a> containing large numbers of <a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_animals_of_North_America" title="List of endangered animals of North America">endemic species</a>: about 17,000 species of <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-209">[193]</a> The United States is home to 428 <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> species, 784 birds, 311 reptiles, 295 <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Current_Results_#_of_native_species_in_the_US-210">[194]</a> and around 91,000 insect species.<a href="#cite_note-211">[195]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">63 national parks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">hundreds of other federally managed</a> parks, forests, and <a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">wilderness areas</a>, managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> and other agencies.<a href="#cite_note-212">[196]</a> About 28% of the country's land is publicly owned and federally managed,<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Federal_Land-213">[197]</a> primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AKLeg_CRS_Federal_Land-214">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Most of this land is protected</a>, though some is leased for commercial use, and less than one percent is used for military purposes.<a href="#cite_note-Federal_Land_Ownership-215">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fed_Land_Uses-216">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues in the United States</a> include debates on <a href="/wiki/Non-renewable_resource" title="Non-renewable resource">non-renewable resources</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_debate" title="Nuclear power debate">nuclear energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollution_prevention_in_the_US" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollution prevention in the US">air and water pollution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, logging and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_United_States" title="Deforestation in the United States">deforestation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[202]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) is the federal agency charged with <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">addressing most environmental-related issues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Collin2006-221">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">idea of wilderness</a> has shaped the management of public lands since 1964, with the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act_of_1973" title="Endangered Species Act of 1973">Endangered Species Act of 1973</a> provides a way to protect threatened and endangered species and their habitats. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a> implements and enforces the Act.<a href="#cite_note-Office-223">[207]</a> In 2024, the U.S. ranked 34th among 180 countries in the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Index" title="Environmental Performance Index">Environmental Performance Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[208]</a> The country joined the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change in 2016 and has many other environmental commitments.<a href="#cite_note-225">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Americanism (ideology)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Capitol_west_side.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/US_Capitol_west_side.JPG/220px-US_Capitol_west_side.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/US_Capitol_west_side.JPG/330px-US_Capitol_west_side.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/US_Capitol_west_side.JPG/440px-US_Capitol_west_side.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3865" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol Building</a>, the seat of legislative government, is home to both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> (in left wing of building) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (right wing).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_lawn_(long_tightly_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/220px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/330px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/440px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3383" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, the residence and workplace of the U.S. president and the offices of <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">the presidential staff</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/220px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/330px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg/440px-Panorama_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_Building_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3788" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Supreme Court Building</a>, which houses the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">nation's highest court</a></figcaption></figure> The United States is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> of 50 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a> and a separate federal capital district, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> It also asserts sovereignty over five <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unincorporated territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">several uninhabited island possessions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HRI-2012-26">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnuf2010xvii-226">[210]</a> The U.S. is the world's oldest surviving federation,<a href="#cite_note-227">[211]</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system of national government</a> has been adopted, in whole or in part, by many newly independent states worldwide following their <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[212]</a> It is a liberal <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> "in which <a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">majority rule is tempered</a> by <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_right" title="Constitutional right">minority rights</a> protected <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">by law</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Scheb-229">[213]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a> serves as <a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">the country's supreme legal document</a>, also establishing the structure and responsibilities of the national federal government and its relationship with the individual states. The U.S. Constitution is the world's oldest national constitution still in effect (from March 4, 1789). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_government">National government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government of the United States</a></div> Composed of three branches, all headquartered in Washington, D.C., the federal government is the national government of the United States. It is regulated by a strong system of <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and balances">checks and balances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[214]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral legislature">bicameral legislature</a> made up of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, makes <a href="/wiki/Federal_law" title="Federal law">federal law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declares war</a>, approves treaties, has the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_the_purse" title="Power of the purse">power of the purse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[215]</a> and has <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment in the United States">the power of impeachment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[216]</a> The Senate has 100 members (2 from each state), elected for a six-year term. The House of Representatives has 435 members, each elected for a two-year term; all representatives serve one <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">congressional district</a> of equivalent population. Congressional districts are drawn by each state legislature and are contiguous within the state.<a href="#cite_note-233">[217]</a> The Congress also organizes a collection of <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">committees</a>, each of which handles a specific task or duty. One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to <a href="/wiki/Congressional_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional investigation">investigate</a> and oversee the executive branch.<a href="#cite_note-tws2010Sep11t11-234">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_oversight" title="Congressional oversight">Congressional oversight</a> is usually delegated to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power.<a href="#cite_note-tws2010Sep11t13-235">[219]</a> Appointment to a committee enables a member to develop specialized knowledge of the matters under its purview. The various committees monitor ongoing governmental operations, identify issues suitable for legislative review, gather and evaluate information, and recommend courses of action to the U.S. Congress, including but not limited to new legislation. The two major political parties have appointment power in deciding each committee's membership. Committee chairs are assigned to a member of the majority party.</li> <li>The U.S. president is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the military, chief executive of the federal government, and has the ability to veto <a href="/wiki/Bill_(law)" title="Bill (law)">legislative bills</a> from the U.S. Congress before they become law. However, <a href="/wiki/Veto_power_in_the_United_States" title="Veto power in the United States">presidential vetoes</a> can be overridden by a two-thirds <a href="/wiki/Supermajority#Use_in_governments_around_the_world" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> vote in both chambers of Congress. The president appoints the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">members of the Cabinet</a>, subject to Senate approval, and names other officials who administer and enforce federal laws through <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">their respective agencies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[220]</a> The president also has clemency power for federal crimes and <a href="/wiki/Federal_pardons_in_the_United_States" title="Federal pardons in the United States">can issue pardons</a>. Finally, the president has the right to issue expansive "<a href="/wiki/Executive_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive orders">executive orders</a>", subject to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States" title="Judicial review in the United States">judicial review</a>, in a number of policy areas. Candidates for president campaign with a vice-presidential <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>. Both candidates are elected together, or defeated together, in a presidential election. Unlike other votes in American politics, this is technically an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> in which the winner will be determined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">U.S. Electoral College</a>. There, votes are officially cast by individual electors selected by <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">their state legislature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[221]</a> In practice, however, each of the 50 states chooses a group of presidential electors who are required to confirm the winner of their state's popular vote. Each state is allocated two electors plus one additional elector for each <a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">congressional district</a>, which in effect combines to equal the number of elected officials that state sends to Congress. The District of Columbia, with no representatives or senators, is allocated three electoral votes. Both the president and the vice president serve a four-year term, and the president may be <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">reelected to the office only once</a>, for one additional four-year term.<a href="#cite_note-238">[q]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">U.S. federal judiciary</a>, whose judges are all appointed for life by the president with Senate approval, consists primarily of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">U.S. courts of appeals</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">U.S. district courts</a>. The U.S. Supreme Court interprets laws and <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">overturn those they find unconstitutional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FedJud-239">[222]</a> The Supreme Court has nine members led by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a>. The members are appointed by the sitting president when a vacancy becomes available.<a href="#cite_note-240">[223]</a> In a number of ways the federal court system operates differently than state courts. For <a href="/wiki/Civil_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil case">civil cases</a> that is apparent in the types of cases that can be heard in the federal system. Their <a href="/wiki/Limited_jurisdiction" title="Limited jurisdiction">limited jurisdiction</a> restricts them to cases authorized by the United States Constitution or <a href="/wiki/Federal_statute" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal statute">federal statutes</a>. In criminal cases, states may only bring criminal prosecutions in state courts, and the federal government may only bring criminal prosecutions in federal court. The first level in the federal courts is <a href="/wiki/Federal_district_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal district court">federal district court</a> for any case under "<a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction#Federal_and_state_courts" title="Original jurisdiction">original jurisdiction</a>", such as federal statutes, the Constitution, or <a href="/wiki/International_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="International treaty">treaties</a>. There are twelve <a href="/wiki/United_States_Courts_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Courts of Appeals">federal circuits</a> that divide the country into different regions for federal appeals courts. After a federal district court has decided a case, it can then be <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appealed</a> to a United States court of appeal. The next and highest court in the system is the Supreme Court of the United States. It has the power to decide appeals on all cases brought in federal court or those brought in state court but dealing with federal law. Unlike circuit court appeals, however, the Supreme Court is usually not required to hear the appeal. A "<a href="/wiki/Certiorari#Federal_courts" title="Certiorari">petition for writ of certiorari</a>" may be submitted to the court, asking it to hear the case. If it is granted, the Supreme Court will take <a href="/wiki/Legal_brief" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal brief">briefs</a> and conduct <a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">oral arguments</a>. If it is not granted, the opinion of the lower court stands. Certiorari is not often granted, and less than 1% of appeals to the Supreme Court are actually heard by it. Usually, the Court only hears cases when there are conflicting decisions across the nation on a particular issue, or when there is an obvious error in a case.</li></ul> The three-branch system is known as the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential system</a>, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>, where the executive is part of the legislative body. Many countries around the world imitated this aspect of the 1789 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>, especially in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-Sundquist-241">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Political parties in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_U.S._states" title="Political party strength in U.S. states">Political party strength in U.S. states</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg/220px-US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg/330px-US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg/440px-US_state_Legislature_and_Governor_Control.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">U.S. state governments</a> (governor and legislature) by party control, as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> control</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> control</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Split control</div></figcaption></figure> The Constitution is silent on political parties. However, they developed independently in the 18th century with the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Federalist Party">Anti-Federalist</a> parties.<a href="#cite_note-Hofstadter-1969-iv-242">[225]</a> Since then, the United States has operated as a de facto <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a>, though the parties in that system have been different at different times.<a href="#cite_note-Blake-2021-243">[226]</a> The two main national parties are presently the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>. The former is perceived as <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">relatively liberal</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Political_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Political platform">political platform</a> while the latter is perceived as <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">relatively conservative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County (United States)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State governments of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution of the United States</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">American federal system</a>, sovereign powers are shared between two levels of elected government: national and state. People in the states are also represented by <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">local elected governments</a>, which are administrative divisions of the states.<a href="#cite_note-245">[228]</a> States are subdivided into <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties or county equivalents</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">further divided into municipalities</a>. The District of Columbia is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">federal district</a> containing the U.S. capital, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[229]</a> The federal district is an administrative division of the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-247">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a> govern 326 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">Indian reservations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[231]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png/700px-Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="433" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png/1050px-Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png/1400px-Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1236" usemap="#ImageMap_ac4f19275aa1bb05" resource="/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png" /><map name="ImageMap_ac4f19275aa1bb05"><area href="/wiki/Alabama" shape="poly" coords="471,272,488,331,455,335,455,346,444,342,443,273" alt="Alabama" title="Alabama" /><area href="/wiki/Alaska" shape="poly" coords="111,335,112,395,130,401,150,422,150,431,134,431,116,404,85,401,73,415,9,423,48,401,30,378,38,343,53,329,78,320" alt="Alaska" title="Alaska" /><area href="/wiki/American_Samoa" shape="poly" coords="653,326,653,355,683,326,683,355" alt="American Samoa" title="American Samoa" /><area href="/wiki/Arizona" shape="poly" coords="97,290,139,317,168,322,179,238,118,226,115,238,109,238,103,254,111,266" alt="Arizona" title="Arizona" /><area href="/wiki/Arkansas" shape="poly" coords="359,253,359,296,366,306,403,306,415,273,420,258,410,254" alt="Arkansas" title="Arkansas" /><area href="/wiki/California" shape="poly" coords="20,120,67,132,54,178,103,248,101,253,109,265,98,288,67,285,30,244,9,142" alt="California" title="California" /><area href="/wiki/Colorado" shape="poly" coords="188,172,270,181,266,242,181,234" alt="Colorado" title="Colorado" /><area href="/wiki/Connecticut" shape="poly" coords="599,135,599,151,619,143,617,132" alt="Connecticut" title="Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/Delaware" shape="poly" coords="582,174,586,197,597,197,594,186" alt="Delaware" title="Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/Florida" shape="poly" coords="537,331,570,398,556,426,542,426,524,380,505,345,487,355,458,344,458,336,489,332,489,335" alt="Florida" title="Florida" /><area href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" shape="poly" coords="472,269,503,266,540,305,536,333,490,334" alt="Georgia" title="Georgia" /><area href="/wiki/Guam" shape="poly" coords="598,326,598,355,624,326,624,355" alt="Guam" title="Guam" /><area href="/wiki/Hawaii" shape="poly" coords="161,370,159,403,190,430,249,431,251,407,214,371" alt="Hawaii" title="Hawaii" /><area href="/wiki/Idaho" shape="poly" coords="124,35,113,78,118,85,106,102,100,139,166,151,173,115,151,112,147,93,139,96,141,77,128,53,133,36" alt="Idaho" title="Idaho" /><area href="/wiki/Illinois" shape="poly" coords="407,161,395,192,413,213,411,222,427,241,437,239,444,213,441,166,433,153,405,157" alt="Illinois" title="Illinois" /><area href="/wiki/Indiana" shape="poly" coords="443,167,442,228,463,223,477,208,473,162" alt="Indiana" title="Indiana" /><area href="/wiki/Iowa" shape="poly" coords="338,144,333,157,344,188,392,188,399,178,406,164,396,145" alt="Iowa" title="Iowa" /><area href="/wiki/Kansas" shape="poly" coords="270,196,265,243,358,245,358,213,353,208,355,202,346,196" alt="Kansas" title="Kansas" /><area href="/wiki/Kentucky" shape="poly" coords="426,251,497,241,512,227,500,211,478,205,465,226,442,229" alt="Kentucky" title="Kentucky" /><area href="/wiki/Louisiana" shape="poly" coords="370,357,374,335,366,321,368,307,406,307,408,318,401,337,421,337,429,347,435,364,402,368" alt="Louisiana" title="Louisiana" /><area href="/wiki/Maine" shape="poly" coords="614,81,624,109,627,115,658,77,651,65,640,44,623,41" alt="Maine" title="Maine" /><area href="/wiki/Maryland" shape="poly" coords="537,185,537,192,555,186,571,195,570,201,578,203,586,216,596,196,586,196,582,177" alt="Maryland" title="Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/Massachusetts" shape="poly" coords="599,124,599,136,623,132,629,137,645,138,645,125,627,117" alt="Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/Michigan" shape="poly" coords="399,83,408,96,437,109,450,164,487,160,495,140,475,93,426,62" alt="Michigan" title="Michigan" /><area href="/wiki/Minnesota" shape="poly" coords="329,58,335,104,333,107,338,114,338,144,397,144,397,136,377,123,374,110,382,92,409,70,355,63,351,52" alt="Minnesota" title="Minnesota" /><area href="/wiki/Mississippi" shape="poly" coords="417,274,443,272,445,345,429,345,421,335,401,335,408,312,408,303" alt="Mississippi" title="Mississippi" /><area href="/wiki/Missouri" shape="poly" coords="345,189,346,196,357,210,358,252,416,251,412,258,419,258,427,244,411,223,412,215,394,190" alt="Missouri" title="Missouri" /><area href="/wiki/Montana" shape="poly" coords="135,36,131,51,143,76,139,93,147,90,153,111,173,112,174,107,251,116,258,55" alt="Montana" title="Montana" /><area href="/wiki/Nebraska" shape="poly" coords="249,148,248,178,270,180,270,194,348,197,338,159,313,152" alt="Nebraska" title="Nebraska" /><area href="/wiki/Nevada" shape="poly" coords="68,133,132,146,114,237,107,236,104,250,54,178" alt="Nevada" title="Nevada" /><area href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" shape="poly" coords="609,83,605,123,625,117,613,80" alt="New Hampshire" title="New Hampshire" /><area href="/wiki/New_Jersey" shape="poly" coords="588,151,587,165,591,169,586,175,594,186,604,164,599,159,599,154" alt="New Jersey" title="New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/New_Mexico" shape="poly" coords="180,234,255,241,248,319,180,315,178,324,166,321" alt="New Mexico" title="New Mexico" /><area href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" shape="poly" coords="533,130,526,150,579,139,587,149,599,153,599,158,604,162,622,148,603,150,599,135,599,124,590,91,571,93,554,121" alt="New York" title="New York" /><area href="/wiki/North_Carolina" shape="poly" coords="519,240,489,267,526,261,549,262,564,274,600,243,590,226" alt="North Carolina" title="North Carolina" /><area href="/wiki/North_Dakota" shape="poly" coords="258,56,253,101,334,105,328,58" alt="North Dakota" title="North Dakota" /><area href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" shape="poly" coords="624,326,624,355,653,326,653,355" alt="Northern Mariana Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands" /><area href="/wiki/Ohio" shape="poly" coords="479,205,498,208,503,214,524,178,521,156,495,164,487,161,473,163,477,201" alt="Ohio" title="Ohio" /><area href="/wiki/Oklahoma" shape="poly" coords="255,242,358,246,363,298,315,290,291,284,291,254,253,252" alt="Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma" /><area href="/wiki/Oregon" shape="poly" coords="44,58,19,106,19,118,100,137,104,100,115,86,110,76,73,76,54,71,54,57" alt="Oregon" title="Oregon" /><area href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" shape="poly" coords="599,291,599,326,652,291,652,326" alt="Puerto Rico" title="Puerto Rico" /><area href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" shape="poly" coords="519,154,526,186,581,175,590,168,586,163,587,150,579,139" alt="Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" /><area href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" shape="poly" coords="623,131,627,137,622,143,617,134" alt="Rhode Island" title="Rhode Island" /><area href="/wiki/South_Carolina" shape="poly" coords="504,265,542,306,562,275,550,264,526,260" alt="South Carolina" title="South Carolina" /><area href="/wiki/South_Dakota" shape="poly" coords="254,101,335,105,332,109,337,115,337,143,335,157,312,152,275,148,251,147,252,133,252,117" alt="South Dakota" title="South Dakota" /><area href="/wiki/Tennessee" shape="poly" coords="418,273,489,267,518,239,422,251" alt="Tennessee" title="Tennessee" /><area href="/wiki/Texas" shape="poly" coords="254,250,248,321,202,316,225,355,243,366,255,355,270,357,299,410,323,418,323,390,373,358,375,335,366,301,355,296,291,284,291,252" alt="Texas" title="Texas" /><area href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" shape="poly" coords="652,291,652,326,682,291,682,326" alt="United States Virgin Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands" /><area href="/wiki/Utah" shape="poly" coords="134,147,167,153,165,169,188,171,179,235,119,225" alt="Utah" title="Utah" /><area href="/wiki/Vermont" shape="poly" coords="590,90,599,123,605,123,608,88" alt="Vermont" title="Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/Virginia" shape="poly" coords="513,227,497,242,590,225,578,204,570,202,571,195,562,188,555,185,537,202,533,222" alt="Virginia" title="Virginia" /><area href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" shape="poly" coords="42,56,54,62,54,69,82,75,116,80,123,36,65,18,44,25" alt="Washington" title="Washington" /><area href="/wiki/West_Virginia" shape="poly" coords="560,190,554,189,545,203,537,202,535,217,526,225,514,228,506,217,509,201,521,191,523,176,526,188,537,185,537,192,554,185,558,186" alt="West Virginia" title="West Virginia" /><area href="/wiki/Wisconsin" shape="poly" coords="383,94,382,102,377,107,377,123,395,136,396,154,435,153,441,114,437,112,431,104,402,92,395,88" alt="Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin" /><area href="/wiki/Wyoming" shape="poly" coords="175,108,164,169,248,178,252,115" alt="Wyoming" title="Wyoming" /><area href="/wiki/Delaware" shape="rect" coords="648,199,700,212" alt="Delaware" title="Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/Maryland" shape="rect" coords="648,213,699,230" alt="Maryland" title="Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="495,24,577,44" alt="New Hampshire" title="New Hampshire" /><area href="/wiki/New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="637,178,697,197" alt="New Jersey" title="New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="499,64,568,83" alt="Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="639,162,700,178" alt="Connecticut" title="Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." shape="rect" coords="623,231,700,248" alt="District of Columbia" title="District of Columbia" /><area href="/wiki/West_Virginia" shape="rect" coords="630,249,699,264" alt="West Virginia" title="West Virginia" /><area href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" shape="rect" coords="565,291,614,284" alt="Puerto Rico" title="Puerto Rico" /><area href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" shape="rect" coords="623,276,698,286" alt="United States Virgin Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands" /><area href="/wiki/Guam" shape="rect" coords="562,332,589,343" alt="Guam" title="Guam" /><area href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" shape="rect" coords="555,364,658,375" alt="Northern Mariana Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands" /><area href="/wiki/American_Samoa" shape="rect" coords="629,381,698,391" alt="American Samoa" title="American Samoa" /><area href="/wiki/Vermont" shape="rect" coords="533,46,572,63" alt="Vermont" title="Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="634,143,700,161" alt="Rhode Island" title="Rhode Island" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign policy of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_(8020913157).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg/220px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg/330px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg/440px-67%C2%BA_Per%C3%ADodo_de_Sesiones_de_la_Asamblea_General_de_Naciones_Unidas_%288020913157%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a> has been situated along the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> since 1952; in 1945, the United States was a <a href="/wiki/Founding_member_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding member of the United Nations">founding member of the UN</a>.</figcaption></figure> The United States has an established structure of foreign relations, and it has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions" title="List of countries by number of diplomatic missions">second-largest diplomatic corps</a> as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent member of the United Nations Security Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-249">[232]</a> and home to the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations headquarters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[233]</a> The United States is a member of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>,<a href="#cite_note-251">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>,<a href="#cite_note-252">[235]</a> and <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> intergovernmental organizations.<a href="#cite_note-253">[236]</a> Almost all countries have <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_States" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United States">embassies</a> and many have <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consulates</a> (official representatives) in the country. Likewise, nearly all countries host formal <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic missions</a> with the United States, except <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-255">[238]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bhutan#Other_countries" title="Foreign relations of Bhutan">Bhutan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[239]</a> Though <a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan</a> does not have formal diplomatic relations with the U.S., it maintains close unofficial relations.<a href="#cite_note-257">[240]</a> The United States regularly <a href="/wiki/Six_Assurances" title="Six Assurances">supplies Taiwan with military equipment</a> to deter potential Chinese aggression.<a href="#cite_note-258">[241]</a> Its geopolitical attention also turned to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> when the United States joined the <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">Quadrilateral Security Dialogue</a> with Australia, India, and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-kobara-259">[242]</a> The United States has a "<a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a>" <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">with the United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[243]</a> and strong ties <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">with Canada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-261">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">Australia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-262">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="New Zealand–United States relations">New Zealand</a>,<a href="#cite_note-263">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Philippines–United States relations">the Philippines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Japan–United States relations">Japan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-265">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Korea–United States relations">South Korea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-266">[249]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-267">[250]</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union countries</a> (<a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="France–United States relations">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Italy–United States relations">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Germany–United States relations">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Spain–United States relations">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Poland–United States relations">Poland</a>).<a href="#cite_note-268">[251]</a> The U.S. works closely with its <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> allies on military and <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a> issues, and with countries in the Americas through the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement</a>. In South America, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> is traditionally considered to be the closest ally of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-269">[252]</a> The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FedJud-239">[222]</a> It has increasingly conducted strategic cooperation <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">with India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-270">[253]</a> but <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="China–United States relations">its ties with China</a> have steadily deteriorated.<a href="#cite_note-271">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[255]</a> Since 2014, the U.S. has <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">become a key ally of Ukraine</a>;<a href="#cite_note-273">[256]</a> it has also provided the country with significant military equipment and other support in response to <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's 2022 invasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military history of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon,_Arlington,_VA_(38285035892).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_the_Pentagon%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_%2838285035892%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, is one of the world's largest office buildings with over 6.5 million square feet (600,000 m2) of <a href="/wiki/Floor_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor space">floor space</a>.</figcaption></figure> The president is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief of the United States">commander-in-chief</a> of the United States Armed Forces and appoints its leaders, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of defense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>, which is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> near Washington, D.C., administers five of the six service branches, which are made up of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[258]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> in peacetime and can be transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> in wartime.<a href="#cite_note-276">[259]</a> The United States <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">spent $916 billion on its military</a> in 2023, which is by far the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditures" title="List of countries with highest military expenditures">largest amount of any country</a>, making up 37% of global military spending and accounting for 3.4% of the country's GDP.<a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-277">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[261]</a> The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">has 42% of the world's nuclear weapons</a>—the second-largest share after Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute-2024-279">[262]</a> The United States has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">third-largest combined armed forces</a> in the world, behind the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">Chinese People's Liberation Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[263]</a> The military operates about 800 bases and facilities abroad,<a href="#cite_note-281">[264]</a> and maintains <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel</a> in 25 foreign countries.<a href="#cite_note-282">[265]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_defense_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="State defense forces">State defense forces</a> (SDFs) are military units that operate under the sole authority of a state government. SDFs are authorized by state and federal law but are under the command of the state's <a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">governor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[268]</a> They are distinct from the state's <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a> units in that they cannot become federalized entities. A state's National Guard personnel, however, may be federalized under the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Act_of_1916#National_Defense_Act_Amendments_of_1933" title="National Defense Act of 1916">National Defense Act Amendments of 1933</a>, which created the Guard and provides for the integration of <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a> units and personnel into the U.S. Army and (since 1947) the U.S. Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-286">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement_and_criminal_justice">Law enforcement and criminal justice</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Censorship in the United States">Censorship in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Race_and_crime_in_the_United_States" title="Race and crime in the United States">Race and crime in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_DC,_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover_Building" title="J. Edgar Hoover Building">J. Edgar Hoover Building</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI), in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> There are about 18,000 U.S. police agencies from local to national level in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-287">[270]</a> Law in the United States is mainly enforced by local police departments and <a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">sheriff departments</a> in their municipal or county jurisdictions. <a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">The state police</a> departments <a href="/wiki/Police_power_(United_States_constitutional_law)" title="Police power (United States constitutional law)">have authority in their respective state</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal agencies</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">U.S. Marshals Service</a> have national jurisdiction and specialized duties, such as protecting <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">national security</a> and enforcing <a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. federal courts">U.S. federal courts</a>' rulings and federal laws.<a href="#cite_note-288">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">State courts</a> conduct most civil and criminal trials,<a href="#cite_note-289">[272]</a> and federal courts handle designated crimes and <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">appeals of state court decisions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[273]</a> There is no unified "criminal justice system" in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">American prison system</a> is largely heterogenous, with thousands of relatively independent systems operating across federal, state, local, and tribal levels. In 2023, "these systems [held] almost 2 million people in 1,566 state prisons, 98 federal prisons, 3,116 local jails, 1,323 juvenile correctional facilities, 181 immigration detention facilities, and 80 Indian country jails, as well as in <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._military_prisons" title="List of U.S. military prisons">military prisons</a>, civil commitment centers, state psychiatric hospitals, and prisons in the U.S. territories."<a href="#cite_note-Sawyer-2023-291">[274]</a> Despite disparate systems of confinement, four main institutions dominate: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_prisons" title="List of United States federal prisons">federal prisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_prisons" title="Lists of United States state prisons">state prisons</a>, local jails, and <a href="/wiki/American_juvenile_justice_system" title="American juvenile justice system">juvenile correctional facilities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-National_Academies_Press-2014-292">[275]</a> Federal prisons are run by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a> and hold people who have been convicted of federal crimes, including pretrial detainees.<a href="#cite_note-National_Academies_Press-2014-292">[275]</a> State prisons, run by the official department of correction of each state, hold sentenced people serving prison time (usually longer than one year) for felony offenses.<a href="#cite_note-National_Academies_Press-2014-292">[275]</a> Local jails are county or municipal facilities that incarcerate defendants prior to trial; they also hold those serving short sentences (typically under a year).<a href="#cite_note-National_Academies_Press-2014-292">[275]</a> Juvenile correctional facilities are operated by local or state governments and serve as longer-term placements for any minor adjudicated as delinquent and ordered by a judge to be confined.<a href="#cite_note-293">[276]</a> As of January 2023, the United States has the sixth-highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate" title="List of countries by incarceration rate">per capita incarceration rate</a> in the world—531 people per 100,000 inhabitants—and the largest prison and jail population in the world, with <a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">almost 2 million people incarcerated</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sawyer-2023-291">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-WorldPrisonBrief-295">[278]</a> An analysis of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> Mortality Database from 2010 showed U.S. homicide rates "were 7 times higher than in other high-income countries, driven by <a href="/wiki/Gun_deaths_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun deaths in the United States">a gun homicide rate</a> that was 25 times higher".<a href="#cite_note-296">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic history of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_one_dollar_bill,_obverse,_series_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/220px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/330px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/440px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a>, the most-used currency <a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">in international transactions</a> and the world's foremost <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a><a href="#cite_note-federalreserve.gov-297">[280]</a></figcaption></figure> The U.S. has been the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_largest_historical_GDP" title="List of countries by largest historical GDP">largest economy nominally since about 1890</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[281]</a> The 2023 nominal U.S. <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of more than $27 trillion was the highest in the world, constituting over 25% of the global economy or 15% at <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP).<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMF-2023-299">[282]</a> From 1983 to 2008, U.S. real compounded annual GDP growth was 3.3%, compared to a 2.3% weighted average for the rest of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hagopian-300">[283]</a> The country ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">first in the world by nominal GDP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-301">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">second when adjusted for purchasing power parities</a> (PPP),<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">ninth by PPP-adjusted GDP per capita</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">[13]</a> It possesses the <a href="/wiki/Disposable_household_and_per_capita_income#Disposable_income_per_capita_(OECD)" title="Disposable household and per capita income">highest disposable household income per capita</a> among <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-302">[285]</a> As of February 2024, the total <a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">federal government debt</a> was $34.4 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-303">[286]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/220px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/330px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/440px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization" title="List of public corporations by market capitalization">biggest company by market capitalization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-304">[287]</a> has its global headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>, north of Seattle.</figcaption></figure> Of the world's <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">500 largest companies by revenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_the_United_States_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies in the United States by revenue">136 are headquartered in the U.S.</a> as of 2023,<a href="#cite_note-Fortune-2022-305">[288]</a> which is the highest number of any country.<a href="#cite_note-306">[289]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a> is the currency most used <a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">in international transactions</a> and is the world's foremost <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a>, backed by the country's dominant economy, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">its military</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Petrodollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrodollar">petrodollar</a> system, and its linked <a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">eurodollar</a> and large <a href="/wiki/U.S._Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Treasury">U.S. treasuries market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-federalreserve.gov-297">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar#Countries_that_use_US_dollar" title="United States dollar">Several countries use it as their official currency</a>, and in others it is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency">de facto currency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Benjamin_J._Cohen_2006,_p._17-307">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[291]</a> It has <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade agreements">free trade agreements</a> with <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_States" title="Free trade agreements of the United States">several countries</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[292]</a> The U.S. ranked second in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report" title="Global Competitiveness Report">Global Competitiveness Report</a> in 2019, after Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-World_Economic_Forum-310">[293]</a> Although the United States has reached a <a href="/wiki/Post-industrial_economy" title="Post-industrial economy">post-industrial level of development</a><a href="#cite_note-Collins-2023-311">[294]</a> and is often described as having a <a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">service economy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Collins-2023-311">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-Econ-312">[295]</a> it <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">remains a major industrial power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[296]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, the U.S. is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">second-largest manufacturing country</a> after China.<a href="#cite_note-314">[297]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/220px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/330px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg/440px-Gaming-Wall-Street_BTS_Prodigium-266.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1337" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Major_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">largest stock exchange by market capitalization</a><a href="#cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-315">[298]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> is the world's principal <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld-317">[300]</a> and the epicenter of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">largest metropolitan economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy-318">[301]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>, both located in New York City, are the world's two <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">largest stock exchanges</a> by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_volume" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade volume">trade volume</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfc.hk-320">[303]</a> The United States is at or near the forefront of <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">technological advancement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[304]</a> in many economic fields, especially in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>; <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>; and medical, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Military equipment">military equipment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-188">[172]</a> The country's economy is fueled by abundant <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>, a well-developed <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Infrastructure policy of the United States">infrastructure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_productivity" title="List of countries by labour productivity">high productivity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wright,_Gavin_2007_p._185-322">[305]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States" title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States">largest trading partners of the United States</a> are the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Vietnam, India, and Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-323">[306]</a> The United States is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">largest importer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">second-largest exporter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[r]</a> It is by far the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_service_exports" title="List of countries by service exports">largest exporter of services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[309]</a> Americans have the highest average <a href="/wiki/Household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Household income">household</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of countries by average wage">employee income</a> among <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> member states,<a href="#cite_note-328">[310]</a> and the fourth-highest <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median household income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-329">[311]</a> up from sixth-highest in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Household_Income-330">[312]</a> With personal <a href="/wiki/Consumer_spending" title="Consumer spending">consumption expenditures</a> of over $18.5 trillion in 2023,<a href="#cite_note-331">[313]</a> the U.S. has a heavily <a href="/wiki/Consumer_economy" title="Consumer economy">consumer-driven economy</a> and is by far the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_consumer_markets" title="List of largest consumer markets">largest consumer market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[314]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wealth_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth in the United States">Wealth in the United States</a> is <a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Wealth inequality in the United States">highly concentrated</a>; the richest 10% of the adult population own 72% of the country's household wealth, while the bottom 50% own just 2%.<a href="#cite_note-333">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality in the U.S.</a> remains at record highs,<a href="#cite_note-334">[316]</a> with the top fifth of earners taking home more than half of all income<a href="#cite_note-335">[317]</a> and giving the U.S. one of the widest income distributions among OECD members.<a href="#cite_note-Sme-336">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[319]</a> The U.S. <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of countries by number of billionaires">ranks first in the number of dollar billionaires</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_millionaires" title="List of countries by number of millionaires">millionaires</a>, with 735 billionaires and nearly 22 million millionaires as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-338">[320]</a> There were about 582,500 sheltered and unsheltered <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">homeless persons in the U.S.</a> in 2022, with 60% staying in an emergency shelter or transitional housing program.<a href="#cite_note-339">[321]</a> In 2022, 6.4 million children experienced food insecurity.<a href="#cite_note-ers.usda.gov-340">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feeding_America" title="Feeding America">Feeding America</a> estimates that around one in five, or approximately 13 million, <a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States#Children" title="Hunger in the United States">children experience hunger in the U.S.</a> and do not know where they will get their next meal or when.<a href="#cite_note-FactsAbout-341">[323]</a> As of 2022,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a> 37.9 million people, or 11.5% of the U.S. population, were <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">living in poverty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[324]</a> The United States has a smaller <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> and redistributes less income through government action than most other <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[326]</a> It is the only <a href="/wiki/Advanced_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced economy">advanced economy</a> that does not <a href="/wiki/List_of_statutory_minimum_employment_leave_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statutory minimum employment leave by country">guarantee its workers paid vacation</a> nationally<a href="#cite_note-345">[327]</a> and is one of a few countries in the world without federal <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave_in_the_United_States" title="Parental leave in the United States">paid family leave</a> as a legal right.<a href="#cite_note-346">[328]</a> The United States has a higher percentage of low-income <a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">workers</a> than almost any other developed country, largely because of a weak <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> system and lack of government support for at-risk workers.<a href="#cite_note-347">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science,_technology,_spaceflight_and_energy">Science, technology, spaceflight and energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy of the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications in the United States</a></div> The United States <a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">has been a leader in technological innovation since the late 19th century</a> and scientific research since the mid-20th century.<a href="#cite_note-348">[330]</a> Methods for producing <a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeable parts</a> and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tool</a> industry enabled <a href="/wiki/American_system_of_manufacturing" title="American system of manufacturing">the large-scale manufacturing</a> of U.S. consumer products in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-349">[331]</a> By the early 20th century, factory <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrification</a>, the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">labor-saving techniques</a> created the system of <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[332]</a> The United States is widely considered to be the leading country in the development of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> technology.<a href="#cite_note-351">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[335]</a> In 2022, the United States was (after China) the country with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_scientific_and_technical_journal_articles" title="List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles">second-highest number of published scientific papers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[336]</a> In 2021, the U.S. ranked second (also after China) by the number of patent applications, and third by trademark and industrial design applications (after China and Germany), according to <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators" title="World Intellectual Property Indicators">World Intellectual Property Indicators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[337]</a> In 2023 and 2024, the United States ranked third (after Switzerland and Sweden) in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[339]</a> The U.S. has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_research_and_development_spending" title="List of sovereign states by research and development spending">highest total research and development expenditure of any country</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[340]</a> and ranks ninth as a percentage of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-359">[341]</a> In 2023, the United States was ranked the second most technologically advanced country in the world (after South Korea) by <a href="/wiki/Global_Finance_(magazine)" title="Global Finance (magazine)">Global Finance</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-360">[342]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/220px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/330px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/440px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>U.S. astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> saluting the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> during the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission; the United States is the only country that has <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">landed crews on the lunar surface</a>.</figcaption></figure> The United States has maintained a space program since the late 1950s, beginning with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA) in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-361">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[344]</a> NASA's <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a> (1961–1972) achieved the first crewed <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a> with the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission; it remains one of the agency's most significant milestones.<a href="#cite_note-363">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[346]</a> Other major endeavors by NASA include the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a> (1981–2011),<a href="#cite_note-365">[347]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a> (1972–present), the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">space telescopes</a> (launched in 1990 and 2021, respectively),<a href="#cite_note-366">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[349]</a> and the multi-mission <a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Spirit and Opportunity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)">Curiosity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance</a>).<a href="#cite_note-368">[350]</a> NASA is one of five agencies collaborating on the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS);<a href="#cite_note-369">[351]</a> U.S. contributions to the ISS include several modules, including <a href="/wiki/Destiny_(ISS_module)" title="Destiny (ISS module)">Destiny</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Harmony_(ISS_module)" title="Harmony (ISS module)">Harmony</a> (2007), and <a href="/wiki/Tranquility_(ISS_module)" title="Tranquility (ISS module)">Tranquility</a> (2010), as well as ongoing logistical and operational support.<a href="#cite_note-370">[352]</a> The United States <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> dominates the global <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">commercial spaceflight industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[353]</a> Prominent American spaceflight contractors include <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>. NASA programs such as the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew Program</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships" title="Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships">NextSTEP</a> have facilitated growing private-sector involvement in American spaceflight.<a href="#cite_note-372">[354]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, the United States receives approximately 84% of its energy from fossil fuel, and the largest source of the country's energy came from <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_the_United_States" title="Petroleum in the United States">petroleum</a> (38%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_the_United_States" title="Natural gas in the United States">natural gas</a> (36%), <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">renewable sources</a> (9%), <a href="/wiki/Coal_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in the United States">coal</a> (9%), and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">nuclear power</a> (9%).<a href="#cite_note-373">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-visu-374">[356]</a> The United States constitutes less than 4% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world's population</a>, but consumes around 16% of the world's energy.<a href="#cite_note-375">[357]</a> The U.S. ranks as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions">second-highest emitter of greenhouse gases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-376">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Atlanta_Hartsfield-Jackson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3433" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a>, serving the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta metropolitan area</a>, is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">busiest airport by passenger traffic</a> with over 75 million passengers in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-377">[359]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a> and its divisions provide regulation, supervision, and funding for all aspects of transportation except for customs, immigration, and security. (The latter remain the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a>.) Each U.S. state has <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_insular_area_departments_of_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state and insular area departments of transportation">its own department of transportation</a>, which builds and maintains state highways. Depending upon the state, this department might also directly operate or supervise other modes of transportation. <a href="/wiki/Aviation_law" title="Aviation law">Aviation law</a> is almost entirely the jurisdiction of the federal government; the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> regulates all aspects of <a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation" title="Civil aviation">civil aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_management" title="Air traffic management">air traffic management</a>, certification and compliance, and <a href="/wiki/Aviation_safety" title="Aviation safety">aviation safety</a>. Vehicle traffic laws, however, are enacted and enforced by state and local authorities, with the exception of roads located on federal property (national parks, military bases) or in the <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">unorganized U.S. territories</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> is the primary enforcer of law and security on U.S. waterways, inland as well as coastal, but economic jurisdiction over coastal <a href="/wiki/Tidelands" title="Tidelands">tidelands</a> is shared between state and federal governments. The <a href="/wiki/Inland_waterways_of_the_United_States" title="Inland waterways of the United States">country's inland waterways</a> are the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_waterways_length" title="List of countries by waterways length">fifth-longest</a>, totaling 41,009 km (25,482 mi).<a href="#cite_note-378">[360]</a> Passenger and freight rail systems, bus systems, water ferries, and dams may be under either public or private ownership and operation. U.S. civilian airlines are all privately owned. Most U.S. airports are owned and operated by local government authorities, and there are also some private airports. The <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> has provided security at most major airports since 2001. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:45intoI-10_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/220px-45intoI-10_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/330px-45intoI-10_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/45intoI-10_2.jpg/440px-45intoI-10_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Interchange between <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">Interstate 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_45" title="Interstate 45">Interstate 45</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a></figcaption></figure> Commercial railroads and trains were the dominant <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode of transportation">mode of transportation</a> in the U.S. until the mid-twentieth century. The introduction of jet airplanes and airports serving the same major routes accelerated a decline in demand for interstate and intercity rail passenger service by the 1960s. The completion of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> also hastened the sharp curtailment of passenger service by the railroads. These significant developments led to the creation of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, now called <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> in 1971. Amtrak helps to maintain limited intercity rail passenger service in most parts of the country. It serves most major U.S. cities, but outside the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> it typically runs only a few trains per day. More frequent Amtrak service is available in regional corridors between certain major cities, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> between <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>; between New York City and <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>; in metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>; and in parts of California and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>. Amtrak does not serve several major U.S. destinations, including <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_the_United_States" title="List of airlines of the United States">American civil airline industry</a> is entirely owned by corporations and has been largely <a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">deregulated since 1978</a>, while <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_United_States" title="List of airports in the United States">most major airports</a> are publicly owned.<a href="#cite_note-379">[361]</a> The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> is number one after its 2013 acquisition by <a href="/wiki/US_Airways" title="US Airways">US Airways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[362]</a> Of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">50 busiest passenger airports</a>, 16 are in the United States, including the top five and the busiest, <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_2021_report-381">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[364]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 19,969 airports in the U.S., of which 5,193 are designated as "public use", including for <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> and other activities.<a href="#cite_note-383">[365]</a> The overwhelming majority of roads in the United States are owned and maintained by state and local governments. Roads maintained only by the U.S. federal government are generally only found on <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federal lands</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Parks_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Parks of the United States">national parks</a>) or at federal facilities (like military bases). The <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a>, with its large, open <a href="/wiki/Freeways" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeways">freeways</a> linking the states, is partly funded by the federal government but owned and maintained by the state government hosting its section of the interstate. Some states fund and build their own large expressways—often called "<a href="/wiki/Parkways" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkways">parkways</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">turnpikes</a>"—that generally use tolls to pay for construction and maintenance. Likewise, some privately owned roads may use tolls for this purpose. <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation in the United States</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail_in_North_America" title="Commuter rail in North America">commuter rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Regional_airline" title="Regional airline">airline</a> service. Public transit systems serve areas of higher population density where demand is greatest. Many U.S. cities, towns, and suburbs are car-dependent, however, and subrurban public transit is less common and service far less frequent. Most U.S. urban areas have some form of public transit, notably city buses, while the largest (e.g. New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Boston, San Francisco, and Portland, Oregon) operate extensive systems that also include <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subways</a> or <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-384">[366]</a> Most public transit service in the United States is run by local governments, but national and regional commuter lines serve major U.S. urban corridors. Personal transportation in the United States is <a href="/wiki/Car_dependency" title="Car dependency">dominated by automobiles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-385">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[368]</a> which operate on a network of 4 million miles (6.4 million kilometers) of public roads, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_road_network_size" title="List of countries by road network size">longest</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-387">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[370]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United States">country's rail transport network</a>, also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rail_transport_network_size" title="List of countries by rail transport network size">longest</a> in the world at 182,412.3 mi (293,564.2 km),<a href="#cite_note-389">[371]</a> handles mostly <a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">freight</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[373]</a> Of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">world's 50 busiest container ports</a>, four are located in the United States. The busiest in the U.S. is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Port of Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-392">[374]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash" title="Oldsmobile Curved Dash">Oldsmobile Curved Dash</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a>, both American cars, are considered the first mass-produced<a href="#cite_note-393">[375]</a> and mass-affordable<a href="#cite_note-394">[376]</a> cars, respectively. As of 2023, the United States is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">second-largest manufacturer of motor vehicles</a><a href="#cite_note-395">[377]</a> and is home to <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a>, the world's most valuable car company.<a href="#cite_note-396">[378]</a> American automotive company <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> held the title of the world's best-selling automaker from 1931 to 2008.<a href="#cite_note-397">[379]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_automotive_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="American automotive industry">American automotive industry</a> is the world's second-largest automobile market by sales, having been overtaken by China in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-398">[380]</a> and the U.S. has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by vehicles per capita">highest vehicle ownership per capita</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-399">[381]</a> with 910 vehicles per 1000 people.<a href="#cite_note-USBTS-400">[382]</a> By value, the U.S. was the world's largest importer and third-largest exporter of cars in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-401">[383]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race and ethnicity in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by population">List of U.S. states by population</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption>The 10 most populous U.S. states (2020 U.S. census)<a href="#cite_note-402">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[385]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">State </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10em">Population (millions) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:9.8em;"></div>39.0</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:7.6em;"></div>30.5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.7em;"></div>22.6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.9em;"></div>19.6</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.3em;"></div>13.0</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.1em;"></div>12.5</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.9em;"></div>11.7</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.8em;"></div>11.0</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.7em;"></div>10.8</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 10em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.5em;"></div>10.0</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> reported 331,449,281 residents as of April 1, 2020,<a href="#cite_note-404">[s]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020CENSUS-405">[386]</a> making the United States the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">third-most-populous country</a> in the world, after China and India.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-188">[172]</a> According to the Bureau's <a href="/wiki/U.S._and_World_Population_Clock" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. and World Population Clock">U.S. Population Clock</a>, on July 1, 2024, the U.S. population had a net gain of one person every 16 seconds, or about 5400 people per day.<a href="#cite_note-406">[387]</a> In 2023, 51% of Americans age 15 and over were married, 6% were <a href="/wiki/Widowed" class="mw-redirect" title="Widowed">widowed</a>, 10% were divorced, and 34% had never been married.<a href="#cite_note-407">[388]</a> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> for the U.S. stood at 1.6 children per woman,<a href="#cite_note-408">[389]</a> and, at 23%, it had the world's highest rate of children living in <a href="/wiki/Single_parents_in_the_United_States" title="Single parents in the United States">single-parent</a> households in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-409">[390]</a> The United States has a diverse population; 37 <a href="/wiki/American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="American ancestries">ancestry groups</a> have more than one million members.<a href="#cite_note-An2000-410">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White Americans</a> with ancestry from Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa form the largest <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_classification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (human classification)">racial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> at 57.8% of the United States population.<a href="#cite_note-411">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[393]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the United States population. <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> constitute the country's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.1% of the total U.S. population.<a href="#cite_note-An2000-410">[391]</a> Asian Americans are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 5.9% of the United States population. The country's 3.7 million Native Americans account for about 1%,<a href="#cite_note-An2000-410">[391]</a> and some 574 native tribes are recognized by the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-413">[394]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Median_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Median age">median age</a> of the United States population was 38.9 years.<a href="#cite_note-414">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_cp-02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Languages_cp-02.svg/220px-Languages_cp-02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Languages_cp-02.svg/330px-Languages_cp-02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Languages_cp-02.svg/440px-Languages_cp-02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Most spoken languages in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> While many languages are spoken in the United States, <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a> is by far the most commonly spoken and written.<a href="#cite_note-415">[396]</a> Although there is no <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> at the federal level, some laws, such as <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen of the United States">U.S. naturalization requirements</a>, standardize English, and most states have declared it the official language.<a href="#cite_note-416">[397]</a> Three states and four U.S. territories have recognized local or indigenous languages in addition to English, including Hawaii (<a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a>),<a href="#cite_note-417">[398]</a> Alaska (<a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_languages" title="Alaska Native languages">twenty Native languages</a>),<a href="#cite_note-418">[t]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[399]</a> South Dakota (<a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux</a>),<a href="#cite_note-LakotaCommon-420">[400]</a> American Samoa (<a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>), Puerto Rico (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish</a>), Guam (<a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>), and the Northern Mariana Islands (<a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a> and Chamorro). In total, 169 Native American languages are spoken in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-421">[401]</a> In Puerto Rico, Spanish is more widely spoken than English.<a href="#cite_note-PuertoRicoTranslation-422">[402]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> (2020),<a href="#cite_note-ACS2021-423">[403]</a> some 245.4 million people out of the total U.S. population of 334 million spoke only English at home. About 41.2 million spoke Spanish at home, making it the second most commonly used language. Other languages spoken at home by one million people or more include <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Chinese language in the United States">Chinese</a> (3.40 million), <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog language in the United States">Tagalog</a> (1.71 million), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language_in_the_United_States" title="Vietnamese language in the United States">Vietnamese</a> (1.52 million), <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language_in_the_United_States" title="Arabic language in the United States">Arabic</a> (1.39 million), <a href="/wiki/French_language_in_the_United_States" title="French language in the United States">French</a> (1.18 million), <a href="/wiki/Korean_language_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean language in the United States">Korean</a> (1.07 million), and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_the_United_States" title="Russian language in the United States">Russian</a> (1.04 million). <a href="/wiki/German_language_in_the_United_States" title="German language in the United States">German</a>, spoken by 1 million people at home in 2010, fell to 857,000 total speakers in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-424">[404]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_USA_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/220px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/330px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Border_USA_Mexico.jpg/440px-Border_USA_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">Mexico–United States border wall</a> between <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> America's immigrant population of nearly 51 million is by far the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">largest in absolute terms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNdef-425">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[406]</a> In 2022, there were 87.7 million immigrants and <a href="/wiki/Second-generation_immigrants_in_the_United_States" title="Second-generation immigrants in the United States">U.S.-born children of immigrants</a> in the United States, accounting for nearly 27% of the overall U.S. population.<a href="#cite_note-427">[407]</a> In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents, 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-KeyFindings-428">[408]</a> In 2019, the top countries of origin for immigrants were Mexico (24% of immigrants), India (6%), China (5%), the Philippines (4.5%), and El Salvador (3%).<a href="#cite_note-429">[409]</a> In fiscal year 2022, over one million immigrants (most of whom entered through <a href="/wiki/Chain_migration#Legislation" title="Chain migration">family reunification</a>) were granted <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">legal residence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-430">[410]</a> The United States led the world in <a href="/wiki/Refugee_resettlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee resettlement">refugee resettlement</a> for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.<a href="#cite_note-PewRefugees-431">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_movements_that_began_in_the_United_States" title="List of religious movements that began in the United States">List of religious movements that began in the United States</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3.2162452993533E-14px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.977648588825px 36.812455268468px 0 0; border-top-color:#468fEA"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#468fEA"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:84.432792550202px 53.5826794979px 0 0; border-top-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:30.901699437495px 95.105651629515px 0 0; border-top-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 54.975465219277px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious affiliation in the U.S., according to a 2023 <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll:<a href="#cite_note-Staff-2007-9">[7]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in the United States">Catholicism</a> (22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Non-specific Christian</a> (11%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in the United States">Judaism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormonism in the United States">Mormonism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other religion (6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unanswered (3%)</div> </div> </div></div> The <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> guarantees the <a href="/wiki/Free_Exercise_Clause" title="Free Exercise Clause">free exercise of religion in the country</a> and forbids Congress from passing laws respecting <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">its establishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Donadio-2021-432">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[413]</a> Religious practice is widespread, among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level" title="List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level">most diverse</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-alesina1-434">[414]</a> and profoundly vibrant.<a href="#cite_note-pewreligion-435">[415]</a> The country has the world's <a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">largest Christian population</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-436">[416]</a> Other notable faiths include <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, many <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> movements, and <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-437">[417]</a> Religious practice varies significantly by region.<a href="#cite_note-Williams-2023-438">[418]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_deism" title="Ceremonial deism">Ceremonial deism</a>" is common in American culture.<a href="#cite_note-439">[419]</a> The overwhelming majority of <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> believe in a <a href="/wiki/Higher_Power" title="Higher Power">higher power</a> or spiritual force, engage in <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_practice" title="Spiritual practice">spiritual practices</a> such as prayer, and consider themselves religious or <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kallo-2023-440">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[421]</a> In the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>", located within the Southern United States, <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Protestantism</a> plays a significant role culturally, whereas <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and the Western United States <a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">tend to be more secular</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Williams-2023-438">[418]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>—a <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a> movement, whose members migrated westward from Missouri and Illinois under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> in 1847 after the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2008727–728-442">[422]</a>—remains the predominant religion in Utah to this day.<a href="#cite_note-443">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanization">Urbanization</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_the_United_States" title="Urbanization in the United States">Urbanization in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">List of United States cities by population</a></div> About 82% of Americans live in <a href="/wiki/United_States_urban_area" class="mw-redirect" title="United States urban area">urban areas</a>, including suburbs;<a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-188">[172]</a> about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-444">[424]</a> In 2022, 333 <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">incorporated municipalities</a> had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than one million residents, and four cities—<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>—had populations exceeding two million.<a href="#cite_note-445">[425]</a> Many U.S. metropolitan populations are growing rapidly, particularly in the South and West.<a href="#cite_note-446">[426]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Largest metropolitan areas of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Largest metropolitan areas of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest metropolitan areas of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest metropolitan areas in the United States <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">2023 MSA population estimates</a> from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[427]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the United States by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York"><img alt="New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/120px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/180px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg/240px-Luchtfoto_van_Lower_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Los Angeles"><img alt="Los Angeles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/120px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/180px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg/240px-Los_Angeles_with_Mount_Baldy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8267" data-file-height="3873" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,498,249</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,919,179 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chicago"><img alt="Chicago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg/120px-Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg/180px-Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg/240px-Chicago_Skyline_2022_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Dallas_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dallas–Fort Worth"><img alt="Dallas–Fort Worth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dallas_view.jpg/120px-Dallas_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dallas_view.jpg/180px-Dallas_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dallas_view.jpg/240px-Dallas_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5951" data-file-height="3669" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,799,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,688,053 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,262,825</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,566,961 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,100,037</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,342,304 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Houston</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,510,253</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,044,837 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,307,261</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,712,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington, D.C.</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,304,975</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_area" title="Tampa Bay area">Tampa–St. Petersburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,342,963 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,246,160</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,269,973 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Miami_metropolitan_area" title="Miami metropolitan area">Miami</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,183,199</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,005,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_metropolitan_area" title="Phoenix metropolitan area">Phoenix</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,070,110</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Baltimore" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Baltimore">Baltimore</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,834,316 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">Healthcare reform in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Texas_medical_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Texas Medical Center, a cluster of contemporary skyscrapers, at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Texas_medical_center.jpg/220px-Texas_medical_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Texas_medical_center.jpg/330px-Texas_medical_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Texas_medical_center.jpg/440px-Texas_medical_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Texas_Medical_Center" title="Texas Medical Center">Texas Medical Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> is the largest medical complex in the world.<a href="#cite_note-448">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[429]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, it employed 120,000 people and treated 10 million patients annually.<a href="#cite_note-450">[430]</a> </figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a> (CDC), average American life expectancy at birth was 77.5 years in 2022 (74.8 years for men and 80.2 years for women). This was a gain of 1.1 years from 76.4 years in 2021, but the CDC noted that the new average "didn't fully offset the loss of 2.4 years between 2019 and 2021". Higher overall mortality due especially to the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">opioid overdoses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Suicide in the United States">suicides</a> were held mostly responsible for the previous drop in life expectancy.<a href="#cite_note-451">[431]</a> The same report stated that the 2022 gains in average U.S. life expectancy were especially significant for men, Hispanics, and American Indian–Alaskan Native people (AIAN). Starting in 1998, the life expectancy in the U.S. fell <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">behind that of other wealthy industrialized countries</a>, and Americans' "health disadvantage" gap has been increasing ever since.<a href="#cite_note-452">[432]</a> The U.S. has one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">highest suicide rates</a> among <a href="/wiki/High-income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="High-income countries">high-income countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-453">[433]</a> <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Approximately one-third of the U.S. adult population is obese</a> and another third is overweight.<a href="#cite_note-454">[434]</a> The U.S. healthcare system far <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_(PPP)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by total health expenditure (PPP) per capita">outspends that of any other country</a>, measured both in per capita spending and as a percentage of GDP, but attains worse healthcare outcomes when compared to peer countries for reasons that are debated.<a href="#cite_note-455">[435]</a> The United States is the only developed country <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">without a system of universal healthcare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_coverage_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance coverage in the United States">a significant proportion of the population that does not carry health insurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-456">[436]</a> Government-funded healthcare coverage for the poor (<a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>) and for those age 65 and older (<a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>) is available to Americans who meet the programs' income or age qualifications. In 2010, former President Obama passed the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-457">[u]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[437]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a> is not federally protected, and is illegal or restricted in 17 states.<a href="#cite_note-459">[438]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of the University of Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg/220px-University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg/330px-University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg/440px-University-of-Virginia-Rotunda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2902" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption>77% of American college students attend public institutions<a href="#cite_note-460">[439]</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> in 1819.</figcaption></figure> American primary and secondary education (known in the U.S. as <a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312_education_in_the_United_States" title="K–12 education in the United States">K-12</a>, "kindergarten through 12th grade") is decentralized. School systems are operated by state, territorial, and sometimes municipal governments and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>. In general, children are required to attend school or <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">an approved homeschool</a> from the age of five or six (<a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> or <a href="/wiki/First_grade" title="First grade">first grade</a>) until they are 18 years old. This often brings students through the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_grade" title="Twelfth grade">12th grade</a>, the final year of a U.S. high school, but some states and territories allow them to leave school earlier, at age 16 or 17.<a href="#cite_note-461">[440]</a> The U.S. spends more on education per student than any country in the world,<a href="#cite_note-462">[441]</a> an average of $18,614 per year per public elementary and secondary school student in 2020–2021.<a href="#cite_note-463">[442]</a> Among Americans age 25 and older, 92.2% graduated from high school, 62.7% attended some college, 37.7% earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>, and 14.2% earned a graduate degree.<a href="#cite_note-464">[443]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">U.S. literacy rate</a> is near-universal.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-188">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-465">[444]</a> The country has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country" title="List of Nobel laureates by country">most Nobel Prize winners of any country</a>, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Nobel_laureates" title="List of American Nobel laureates">411</a> (having won 413 awards).<a href="#cite_note-466">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[446]</a> <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">U.S. tertiary or higher education</a> has earned a global reputation. Many of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in the United States, including 19 of the top 25.<a href="#cite_note-468">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[448]</a> American higher education is dominated by <a href="/wiki/State_university_system" title="State university system">state university systems</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Private_universities_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Private universities in the United States">the country's many private universities and colleges</a> enroll about 20% of all American students. Local <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> generally offer coursework and degree programs covering the first two years of college study. They often have more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition.<a href="#cite_note-470">[449]</a> As for <a href="/wiki/Public_expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public expenditure">public expenditures</a> on higher education, the U.S. spends more per student than the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> average, and Americans spend more than all nations in combined public and private spending.<a href="#cite_note-education_spending-471">[450]</a> Colleges and universities directly funded by the federal government do not charge tuition and are limited to military personnel and government employees, including: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">U.S. service academies</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/US_military_staff_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="US military staff colleges">military staff colleges</a>. Despite some student <a href="/wiki/Loan_forgiveness" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan forgiveness">loan forgiveness</a> programs in place,<a href="#cite_note-472">[451]</a> <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student loan debt</a> increased by 102% between 2010 and 2020,<a href="#cite_note-473">[452]</a> and exceeded $1.7 trillion as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-474">[453]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_society">Culture and society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Statue of Liberty, a large teal bronze sculpture on a stone pedestal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/170px-Liberty02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/255px-Liberty02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Liberty02.jpg/340px-Liberty02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> (Liberty Enlightening the World) on <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> was an 1866 gift from France that has become an iconic symbol of the <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[454]</a></figcaption></figure> Americans have traditionally <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Americans" title="Stereotypes of Americans">been characterized</a> by a unifying political belief in an "<a href="/wiki/American_Creed" title="American Creed">American Creed</a>" emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">consent of the governed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equality_under_the_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality under the law">equality under the law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">property rights</a>, and a preference for <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-476">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[456]</a> Culturally, the country has been described as having the values of <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">personal autonomy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-478">[457]</a><a href="#cite_note-479">[458]</a> as well as having a strong <a href="/wiki/Work_ethic" title="Work ethic">work ethic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-480">[459]</a> <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competitiveness</a>,<a href="#cite_note-481">[460]</a> and voluntary <a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">altruism</a> towards others.<a href="#cite_note-482">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-483">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[463]</a> According to a 2016 study by the <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a>, Americans donated 1.44% of total GDP to charity—the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_charitable_donation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by charitable donation">highest rate</a> in the world by a large margin.<a href="#cite_note-485">[464]</a> The United States is home to a <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values</a>.<a href="#cite_note-486">[465]</a><a href="#cite_note-487">[466]</a> It has acquired <a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">significant cultural</a> and economic <a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-488">[467]</a><a href="#cite_note-489">[468]</a> Nearly all present Americans or their ancestors came from <a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Europe, Africa, or Asia</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>") within the past five centuries.<a href="#cite_note-490">[469]</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mainstream" class="extiw" title="wikt:mainstream">Mainstream</a> American culture is a <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> largely derived from the <a href="/wiki/European_American#Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">traditions of European immigrants</a> with influences from many other sources, such as <a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">traditions brought by slaves from Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-491">[470]</a> More recent immigration from <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asia</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American culture">Latin America</a> has added to a cultural mix that has been described as a homogenizing <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>, and a heterogeneous <a href="/wiki/Salad_bowl_(cultural_idea)" title="Salad bowl (cultural idea)">salad bowl</a>, with immigrants contributing to, and often <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">assimilating</a> into, mainstream American culture. The <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a>, or the perception that Americans enjoy high <a href="/wiki/Socio-economic_mobility_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Socio-economic mobility in the United States">social mobility</a>, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-492">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-493">[472]</a> Whether this perception is accurate has been a topic of debate.<a href="#cite_note-socialmobility-494">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-CAP-495">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-496">[475]</a> While mainstream culture holds that the United States is a <a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">classless society</a>,<a href="#cite_note-497">[476]</a> scholars identify significant differences between <a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">the country's social classes</a>, affecting <a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">socialization</a>, language, and values.<a href="#cite_note-498">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-499">[478]</a> Americans tend to greatly value <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">socioeconomic</a> achievement, but <a href="/wiki/Average_Joe" title="Average Joe">being ordinary or average</a> is promoted by some as a noble condition as well.<a href="#cite_note-500">[479]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_on_the_Arts_and_the_Humanities" title="National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities">National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities</a> is an agency of the United States federal government that was established in 1965 with the purpose to "develop and promote a broadly conceived national policy of support for the humanities and the arts in the United States, and for institutions which preserve the cultural heritage of the United States."<a href="#cite_note-501">[480]</a> It is composed of four sub-agencies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a></li> <li>Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities</li></ul> The United States is considered to have the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">strongest protections of free speech of any country</a> under the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2013-502">[481]</a> which protects <a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag desecration in the United States">flag desecration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Hate speech in the United States">hate speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_the_United_States" title="Blasphemy law in the United States">blasphemy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9" title="Lèse-majesté">lese-majesty</a> as forms of protected expression.<a href="#cite_note-503">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-504">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-505">[484]</a> A 2016 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll found that Americans were the most supportive of free expression of any polity measured.<a href="#cite_note-506">[485]</a> They are the "most supportive of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of the press in the United States">freedom of the press</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Internet_access" title="Right to Internet access">right to use the Internet</a> without government censorship."<a href="#cite_note-507">[486]</a> The U.S. is a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">socially progressive</a> country<a href="#cite_note-508">[487]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">permissive</a> attitudes surrounding <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Derks-2020-509">[488]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights in the United States</a> are advanced by global standards.<a href="#cite_note-Derks-2020-509">[488]</a><a href="#cite_note-510">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-511">[490]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">American philosophy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_novelists" title="List of American novelists">List of American novelists</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_playwrights_from_the_United_States" title="List of playwrights from the United States">List of playwrights from the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Mark Twain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg/170px-Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg/255px-Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg/340px-Mark_Twain_by_AF_Bradley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>, whom <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a> called "the father of American literature"<a href="#cite_note-faulkner-512">[491]</a></figcaption></figure> Colonial American authors were influenced by <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> and various other <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> philosophers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013157–159-513">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994a503–509-514">[493]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">The American Revolutionary Period</a> (1765–1783) is notable for the political writings of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>. Shortly before and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American Revolution War">Revolutionary War</a>, the newspaper rose to prominence, filling a demand for anti-British national literature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013163-515">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-516">[495]</a> An early novel is <a href="/wiki/William_Hill_Brown" title="William Hill Brown">William Hill Brown</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Sympathy" title="The Power of Sympathy">The Power of Sympathy</a>, published in 1791. Writer and critic <a href="/wiki/John_Neal_(writer)" title="John Neal (writer)">John Neal</a> in the early- to mid-nineteenth century helped advance America toward a unique literature and culture by criticizing predecessors such as <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> for imitating their British counterparts, and by influencing writers such as <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-517">[496]</a> who took American poetry and short fiction in new directions. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a> pioneered the influential <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a> movement;<a href="#cite_note-518">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coviello-519">[498]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a>, was influenced by this movement. The conflict surrounding <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionism</a> inspired writers, like <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, and authors of slave narratives, such as <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a> (1850) explored the dark side of American history, as did <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a> (1851). Major American poets of the nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(literature)" title="American Renaissance (literature)">American Renaissance</a> include <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, Melville, and <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013444–447-520">[499]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994a1228,_1233,_1260-521">[500]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> was the first major American writer to be born in the West. <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> achieved international recognition with novels like <a href="/wiki/The_Portrait_of_a_Lady" title="The Portrait of a Lady">The Portrait of a Lady</a> (1881). As literacy rates rose, periodicals published more stories centered around industrial workers, women, and the rural poor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131269–1270-522">[501]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994b8–10-523">[502]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(literature)" title="Naturalism (literature)">Naturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_literary_regionalism" title="American literary regionalism">regionalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism#UnitedStates" title="Literary realism">realism</a> were the major literary movements of the period.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131271–1273-524">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994b12-525">[504]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Literary_modernism" title="Literary modernism">modernism</a> generally took on an international character, modernist authors working within the United States more often rooted their work in specific regions, peoples, and cultures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131850–1851-526">[505]</a> Following the Great Migration to northern cities, African-American and black <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">West Indian</a> authors of the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> developed an independent tradition of literature that rebuked a history of inequality and celebrated black culture. An important cultural export during the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>, these writings were a key influence on <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Négritude</a>, a philosophy emerging in the 1930s among francophone writers of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a>.<a href="#cite_note-527">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-528">[507]</a> In the 1950s, an ideal of homogeneity led many authors to attempt to write the <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Novel" title="Great American Novel">Great American Novel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132260–2261-529">[508]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a> rejected this conformity, using styles that elevated the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Spoken_word" title="Spoken word">spoken word</a> over mechanics to describe drug use, sexuality, and the failings of society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132262-530">[509]</a><a href="#cite_note-531">[510]</a> Contemporary literature is more pluralistic than in previous eras, with the closest thing to a unifying feature being a trend toward self-conscious <a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">experiments with language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132266–2267-532">[511]</a> As of 2024 there have been 12 American laureates for the Nobel Prize in literature.<a href="#cite_note-533">[512]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_media">Mass media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Mass media in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="Newspapers in the United States">Newspapers in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Broadcasting in the United States">Broadcasting in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Public broadcasting in the United States">Public broadcasting in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Radio in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/170px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/255px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/340px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Center" title="Comcast Center">Comcast Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_companies" title="List of telecommunications companies">largest telecommunications companies</a> and media conglomerates</figcaption></figure> Media is <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Censorship in the United States">broadly uncensored</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> providing significant protections, as reiterated in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._United_States" title="New York Times Co. v. United States">New York Times Co. v. United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2013-502">[481]</a> The four major broadcasters in the U.S. are the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Broadcasting Company">National Broadcasting Company</a> (NBC), <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Broadcasting System">Columbia Broadcasting System</a> (CBS), <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a> (ABC), and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox Broadcasting Company</a> (FOX). The four major broadcast television networks are all commercial entities. <a href="/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States" title="Cable television in the United States">Cable television</a> offers hundreds of channels catering to a variety of niches.<a href="#cite_note-534">[513]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 83% of Americans over age 12 listen to <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">broadcast radio</a>, while about 40% listen to <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-535">[514]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 15,460 licensed full-power radio stations in the U.S. according to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC).<a href="#cite_note-536">[515]</a> Much of the public radio broadcasting is supplied by <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, incorporated in February 1970 under the <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-537">[516]</a> U.S. newspapers with a global reach and reputation include <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shaffer2006-538">[517]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_newspapers_published_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States">About 800 publications</a> are produced in Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-539">[518]</a><a href="#cite_note-540">[519]</a> With few exceptions, newspapers are privately owned, either by large chains such as <a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett</a> or <a href="/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The McClatchy Company">McClatchy</a>, which own dozens or even hundreds of newspapers; by small chains that own a handful of papers; or, in an increasingly rare situation, by individuals or families. Major cities often have <a href="/wiki/Alternative_newspaper" title="Alternative newspaper">alternative newspapers</a> to complement the mainstream daily papers, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a> in New York City and <a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a> in Los Angeles. The five most popular websites used in the U.S. are <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon (website)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>—all of them American-owned.<a href="#cite_note-alexa-topsitesus-541">[520]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&action=edit">[update]</a>, the video game market of the United States is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_markets_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of video games markets by country">largest by revenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-542">[521]</a> There are 444 publishers, developers, and hardware companies in California alone.<a href="#cite_note-543">[522]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/170px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/255px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg/340px-Broadway_Theaters_45th_Street_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Broadway_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway theater">Broadway theaters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District, Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> The United States is well known for its theater. Mainstream theater in the United States derives from the old European theatrical tradition and has been heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">British theater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Saxon2011-544">[523]</a> By the middle of the 19th century America had created new distinct dramatic forms in the <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Shows">Tom Shows</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Showboat" title="Showboat">showboat theater</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-545">[524]</a> The central hub of the American theater scene is the <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District in Manhattan</a>, with its divisions of <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Off-off-Broadway" title="Off-off-Broadway">off-off-Broadway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LondréWatermeier1998-546">[525]</a> Many movie and television <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrities</a> have gotten their big break working in New York productions. Outside New York City, many cities have professional <a href="/wiki/Regional_theater_in_the_United_States" title="Regional theater in the United States">regional or resident theater companies</a> that produce their own seasons. The biggest-budget theatrical productions are musicals. U.S. theater has an active <a href="/wiki/Community_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Community theater">community theater</a> culture.<a href="#cite_note-547">[526]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a> recognizes excellence in live Broadway theater and are presented at an annual ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances. One is also given for <a href="/wiki/Regional_theatre_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional theatre in the United States">regional theater</a>. Several discretionary non-competitive awards are given as well, including a <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Honors_for_Excellence_in_Theatre" title="Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre">Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Stevenson_Award" title="Isabelle Stevenson Award">Isabelle Stevenson Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-548">[527]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">Architecture of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4973" data-file-height="6001" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic" title="American Gothic">American Gothic</a> (1930) by <a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Grant Wood</a> is one of the most famous <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">American paintings</a> and is widely <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parodied</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-549">[528]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Folk_art_of_the_United_States" title="Folk art of the United States">Folk art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_america" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial america">colonial America</a> grew out of artisanal craftsmanship in communities that allowed commonly trained people to individually express themselves. It was distinct from Europe's tradition of <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high art</a>, which was less accessible and generally less relevant to early American settlers.<a href="#cite_note-550">[529]</a> Cultural movements in art and craftsmanship in colonial America generally lagged behind those of Western Europe. For example, the prevailing medieval style of <a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">woodworking</a> and primitive <a href="/wiki/Sculpture_of_the_United_States" title="Sculpture of the United States">sculpture</a> became integral to early American folk art, despite the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance styles</a> in England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The new English styles would have been early enough to make a considerable impact on American folk art, but American styles and forms had already been firmly adopted. Not only did styles change slowly in early America, but there was a tendency for rural artisans there to continue their traditional forms longer than their urban counterparts did—and far longer than those in Western Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2013-502">[481]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> was a mid-19th-century movement in the visual arts tradition of European <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">naturalism</a>. The 1913 <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in New York City, an exhibition of European <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">modernist art</a>, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.<a href="#cite_note-551">[530]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsden_Hartley" title="Marsden Hartley">Marsden Hartley</a>, and others experimented with new and individualistic styles, which would become known as <a href="/wiki/American_modernism" title="American modernism">American modernism</a>. Major artistic movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">abstract expressionism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a> developed largely in the United States. Major photographers include <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stieglitz" title="Alfred Stieglitz">Alfred Stieglitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Steichen" title="Edward Steichen">Edward Steichen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Weston" title="Edward Weston">Edward Weston</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Der_Zee" title="James Van Der Zee">James Van Der Zee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansel_Adams" title="Ansel Adams">Ansel Adams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Davenport1991-552">[531]</a> The tide of <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernism</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a> has brought global fame to American architects, including <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JansonJanson2003-553">[532]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art museum</a> in the United States<a href="#cite_note-METLargestArtMuseum-554">[533]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">fourth-largest</a> in the world. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music of the United States</a></div> <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a> encompasses numerous music genres, variously known as traditional music, traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, contemporary folk music, or roots music. Many traditional songs have been sung within the same family or folk group for generations, and sometimes trace back to such origins as the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">mainland Europe</a>, or <a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-afc-555">[534]</a> The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music in particular have influenced American music.<a href="#cite_note-556">[535]</a> <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjos</a> were brought to America through the slave trade. <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">Minstrel shows</a> incorporating the instrument into their acts led to its increased popularity and widespread production in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-557">[536]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShi2016378-558">[537]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a>, first invented in the 1930s, and mass-produced by the 1940s, had an enormous influence on popular music, in particular due to the development of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-axe-559">[538]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg/220px-Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg/330px-Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg/440px-Country_music_hall_of_fame2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum">Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></figcaption></figure> Elements from folk idioms such as the <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">old-time music</a> were adopted and transformed into <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular genres</a> with global audiences. <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> grew from blues and <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> in the early 20th century, developing from the innovations and recordings of composers such as <a href="/wiki/W.C._Handy" class="mw-redirect" title="W.C. Handy">W.C. Handy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> increased its popularity early in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-Biddle-2001-560">[539]</a> <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> developed in the 1920s,<a href="#cite_note-561">[540]</a> rock and roll in the 1930s,<a href="#cite_note-axe-559">[538]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a><a href="#cite_note-562">[541]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> in the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages28-4-popular-culture-and-mass-media_28.4]-563">[542]</a> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> emerged from the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">folk revival</a> to become one of the country's most celebrated songwriters.<a href="#cite_note-564">[543]</a> The musical forms of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> both originated in the United States in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-565">[544]</a> The United States has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_recorded_music_markets" title="List of largest recorded music markets">largest music market</a> with a total retail value of $15.9 billion in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-566">[545]</a> Most of the world's <a href="/wiki/Record_label#Major_labels" title="Record label">major record companies</a> are based in the U.S.; they are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA).<a href="#cite_note-567">[546]</a> Mid-20th-century American pop stars, such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a><a href="#cite_note-568">[547]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-569">[548]</a> became <a href="/wiki/Superstar" title="Superstar">global celebrities</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">best-selling music artists</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Biddle-2001-560">[539]</a> as have artists of the late 20th century, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RIAA-570">[549]</a> <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-571">[550]</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone-2023-572">[551]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-573">[552]</a> and the early 21st century, such as <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-574">[553]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/220px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/330px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/440px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">Haute couture</a> <a href="/wiki/Fashion_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion model">fashion models</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Catwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Catwalk">catwalk</a> during <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">New York Fashion Week</a></figcaption></figure> The United States is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Apparel" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparel">apparel</a> market by revenue.<a href="#cite_note-575">[554]</a> Apart from professional <a href="/wiki/Business_attire" class="mw-redirect" title="Business attire">business attire</a>, American fashion is eclectic and predominantly informal. Americans' diverse cultural roots are reflected in their clothing; however, <a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">sneakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a>, T-shirts, and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball caps</a> are emblematic of American styles.<a href="#cite_note-AmericanClassicFashion-576">[555]</a> New York, with <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">its fashion week</a>, is considered to be one of the "Big Four" global <a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">fashion capitals</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week" title="Paris Fashion Week">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week" title="Milan Fashion Week">Milan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/London_Fashion_Week" title="London Fashion Week">London</a>. A study demonstrated that general proximity to <a href="/wiki/Garment_District,_Manhattan" title="Garment District, Manhattan">Manhattan's Garment District</a> has been synonymous with American fashion since its inception in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS-577">[556]</a> The headquarters of many <a href="/wiki/Designer_label" title="Designer label">designer labels</a> reside in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Labels cater to <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche markets</a>, such as preteens. New York Fashion Week is one of the most influential fashion weeks in the world, and occurs twice a year;<a href="#cite_note-USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter-578">[557]</a> while the annual <a href="/wiki/Met_Gala" title="Met Gala">Met Gala</a> in Manhattan is commonly known as the fashion world's "biggest night".<a href="#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1-579">[558]</a><a href="#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2-580">[559]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Sign_(Zuschnitt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/220px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/330px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/440px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11065" data-file-height="6916" /></a><figcaption>The iconic <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Hills" title="Hollywood Hills">Hollywood Hills</a>, often regarded as the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/American_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="American film industry">American film industry</a></figcaption></figure> The U.S. film industry has <a href="/wiki/Global_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Hollywood">a worldwide influence</a> and following. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, a district in northern Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city, is also metonymous for the American filmmaking industry.<a href="#cite_note-581">[560]</a><a href="#cite_note-582">[561]</a><a href="#cite_note-583">[562]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">major film studios</a> of the United States are the primary source of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">most commercially successful</a> and most ticket-selling movies in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Kerrigan_Page_18-584">[563]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davis-585">[564]</a> Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, although in the 21st century an increasing number of films are not made there, and film companies have been subject to the forces of globalization.<a href="#cite_note-586">[565]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, popularly known as the Oscars, have been held annually by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> since 1929,<a href="#cite_note-DrowneHuber2004-587">[566]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Awards</a> have been held annually since January 1944.<a href="#cite_note-Kroon2014-588">[567]</a> The industry peaked in what is commonly referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Golden Age of Hollywood</a>", from the early sound period until the early 1960s,<a href="#cite_note-589">[568]</a> with screen actors such as <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> becoming iconic figures.<a href="#cite_note-590">[569]</a><a href="#cite_note-591">[570]</a> In the 1970s, "<a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a>", or the "Hollywood Renaissance",<a href="#cite_note-Greven2013-592">[571]</a> was defined by grittier films influenced by French and Italian realist pictures of the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">post-war period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Morrison1998-593">[572]</a> The 21st century has been marked by the rise of American streaming platforms, which came to rival traditional cinema.<a href="#cite_note-RE-594">[573]</a><a href="#cite_note-595">[574]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_regional_and_fusion_cuisines" title="List of American regional and fusion cuisines">List of American regional and fusion cuisines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/220px-2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/330px-2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/440px-2019-11-28_14_46_15_A_single_serving_of_Thanksgiving_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a> with <a href="/wiki/Roast_turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roast turkey">roast turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mashed_potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashed potatoes">mashed potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">pickles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candied_yams" class="mw-redirect" title="Candied yams">candied yams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranberry jelly">cranberry jelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">shrimps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">stuffing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_peas" class="mw-redirect" title="Green peas">green peas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deviled_eggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviled eggs">deviled eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Green salad">green salad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_sauce" title="Apple sauce">apple sauce</a></figcaption></figure> Early settlers were introduced by Native Americans to foods such as <a href="/wiki/Turkey_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey as food">turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>. Of the most enduring and pervasive examples are variations of the native dish called <a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">succotash</a>. Early settlers and later immigrants combined these with foods they were familiar with, such as <a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">wheat flour</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Wheat-596">[575]</a> beef, and milk, to create a distinctive American cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-597">[576]</a><a href="#cite_note-598">[577]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, corn, <a href="/wiki/Potatoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potatoes">potatoes</a>, and turkey as the main course are part of a shared national menu on <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a>, when many Americans prepare or purchase traditional dishes to celebrate the occasion.<a href="#cite_note-Mintz1996-599">[578]</a> Characteristic American dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">apple pie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">fried chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese" title="Macaroni and cheese">macaroni and cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States" title="Pizza in the United States">American pizza</a> derive from the recipes of various immigrant groups.<a href="#cite_note-600">[579]</a><a href="#cite_note-601">[580]</a><a href="#cite_note-602">[581]</a><a href="#cite_note-603">[582]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mexican-American_cuisine" title="Mexican-American cuisine">Mexican dishes</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Burritos" class="mw-redirect" title="Burritos">burritos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tacos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacos">tacos</a> preexisted the United States in areas later annexed from Mexico, and <a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">adaptations of Chinese cuisine</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources</a> are all widely consumed.<a href="#cite_note-IFT-604">[583]</a> American <a href="/wiki/Chef" title="Chef">chefs</a> have had a significant impact on society both domestically and internationally. In 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Culinary_Institute_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinary Institute of America">Culinary Institute of America</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Cramer_Angell" title="Katharine Cramer Angell">Katharine Angell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frances_Roth" title="Frances Roth">Frances Roth</a>. This would become the United States' most prestigious culinary school, where many of the most talented American chefs would study prior to successful careers.<a href="#cite_note-605">[584]</a><a href="#cite_note-FTfbs-606">[585]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_restaurant_industry" title="United States restaurant industry">United States restaurant industry</a> was projected at $899 billion in sales for 2020,<a href="#cite_note-:p-607">[586]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ramirez-608">[587]</a> and employed more than 15 million people, representing 10% of the nation's workforce directly.<a href="#cite_note-:p-607">[586]</a> It is the country's second-largest private employer and the third-largest employer overall.<a href="#cite_note-Noguchi-2020-609">[588]</a><a href="#cite_note-610">[589]</a> The United States is home to over 220 <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin Star">Michelin Star</a>-rated restaurants, 70 of which are in New York City alone.<a href="#cite_note-611">[590]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_wine" title="American wine">Wine</a> has been produced in what is now the United States since the 1500s, with the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">first widespread production beginning in what is now New Mexico</a> in 1628.<a href="#cite_note-612">[591]</a><a href="#cite_note-Birchell_Steel_2013_p.-613">[592]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico._Office_of_Cultural_Affairs_1995_p.-614">[593]</a> In the modern U.S., wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with <a href="/wiki/California_wine" title="California wine">California producing 84 percent of all U.S. wine</a>. With more than 1,100,000 acres (4,500 km2) under vine, the United States is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wine_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by wine production">fourth-largest wine-producing country</a> in the world, after <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_wine" title="Spanish wine">Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sotheby,_p._462-615">[594]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oxford,_p._719-616">[595]</a> The American <a href="/wiki/Fast-food" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast-food">fast-food</a> industry developed alongside the nation's <a href="/wiki/Car_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Car culture">car culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-617">[596]</a> American restaurants developed the <a href="/wiki/Drive-in" title="Drive-in">drive-in</a> format in the 1920s, which they began to replace with the <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> format by the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-drivethru-618">[597]</a><a href="#cite_note-619">[598]</a> American <a href="/wiki/Fast-food_restaurant" title="Fast-food restaurant">fast-food restaurant</a> chains, such as <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin' Donuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_fast_food_restaurant_chains#United_States" title="List of fast food restaurant chains">many others</a>, have numerous outlets around the world.<a href="#cite_note-Pavlova-2019-620">[599]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States" title="Professional sports leagues in the United States">Professional sports leagues in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_Olympics" title="United States at the Olympics">United States at the Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commanders_vs._Jaguars_(52379056543).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg/220px-Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg/330px-Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg/440px-Commanders_vs._Jaguars_%2852379056543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4853" data-file-height="3231" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is the most popular sport in the United States; in this September 2022 <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> game, the <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Jaguars" title="Jacksonville Jaguars">Jacksonville Jaguars</a> play the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Commanders" title="Washington Commanders">Washington Commanders</a> at <a href="/wiki/FedExField" class="mw-redirect" title="FedExField">FedExField</a>.</figcaption></figure> The most popular spectator sports in the U.S. are <a href="/wiki/American_football_in_the_United_States" title="American football in the United States">American football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_the_United_States" title="Basketball in the United States">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball_in_the_United_States" title="Baseball in the United States">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_the_United_States" title="Soccer in the United States">soccer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_the_United_States" title="Ice hockey in the United States">ice hockey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-621">[600]</a> While most major U.S. sports such as baseball and American football have evolved out of European practices, basketball, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball_in_the_United_States" title="Volleyball in the United States">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a> are American inventions, many of which have become popular worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-622">[601]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_in_the_United_States" title="Lacrosse in the United States">Lacrosse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_the_United_States" title="Surfing in the United States">surfing</a> arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate European contact.<a href="#cite_note-liss-623">[602]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports_market_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional sports market in the United States">market for professional sports in the United States</a> was approximately $69 billion in July 2013, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.<a href="#cite_note-624">[603]</a> American football is by several measures the most popular spectator sport in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-625">[604]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world, and the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> is watched by tens of millions globally.<a href="#cite_note-626">[605]</a> However, baseball has been regarded as the U.S. "<a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a>" since the late 19th century. After American football, the next four most popular professional team sports are basketball, baseball, soccer, and ice hockey. Their premier leagues are, respectively, the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>. The most-watched <a href="/wiki/Individual_sport" title="Individual sport">individual sports</a> in the U.S. are <a href="/wiki/Golf_in_the_United_States" title="Golf in the United States">golf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">auto racing</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> and <a href="/wiki/IndyCar" title="IndyCar">IndyCar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-627">[606]</a><a href="#cite_note-628">[607]</a> On the <a href="/wiki/College_athletics_in_the_United_States" title="College athletics in the United States">collegiate level</a>, earnings for the member institutions exceed $1 billion annually,<a href="#cite_note-si-629">[608]</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> and <a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">basketball</a> attract large audiences, as the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">NCAA March Madness tournament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff" title="College Football Playoff">College Football Playoff</a> are some of the most watched national sporting events.<a href="#cite_note-630">[609]</a> In the U.S., the intercollegiate sports level serves as a feeder system for professional sports. This differs greatly from practices in nearly all other countries, where publicly and privately funded sports organizations serve this function.<a href="#cite_note-631">[610]</a> Eight <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> have taken place in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics" title="1904 Summer Olympics">1904 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, were the first-ever Olympic Games held outside of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-632">[611]</a> The Olympic Games will be held in the U.S. for a ninth time when Los Angeles hosts the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_Olympics" title="United States at the Olympics">U.S. athletes</a> have won a total of 2,968 medals (1,179 gold) at the Olympic Games, the most of any country.<a href="#cite_note-633">[612]</a><a href="#cite_note-634">[613]</a><a href="#cite_note-635">[614]</a> In international professional competition, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States men's national soccer team">U.S. men's national soccer team</a> has qualified for <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_FIFA_World_Cup" title="United States at the FIFA World Cup">eleven World Cups</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States women's national soccer team">women's national team</a> has <a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="United States at the FIFA Women's World Cup">won</a> the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="FIFA Women's World Cup">FIFA Women's World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Football at the Summer Olympics">Olympic soccer tournament</a> four times each.<a href="#cite_note-636">[615]</a> The United States hosted the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 FIFA World Cup</a> and will co-host, along with Canada and Mexico, the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 FIFA World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-637">[616]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="1999 FIFA Women's World Cup">1999 FIFA Women's World Cup</a> was also hosted by the United States. <a href="/wiki/1999_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup_final" title="1999 FIFA Women's World Cup final">Its final match</a> was watched by 90,185, setting the world record for most-attended women's sporting event at the time.<a href="#cite_note-638">[617]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_U.S._state_topics" title="Lists of U.S. state topics">Lists of U.S. state topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-officiallanguage-4"><a href="#cite_ref-officiallanguage_4-0">^</a> Twenty-eight of the 50 states recognize only English as an official language. The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hawaii">State of Hawaii</a> recognizes both <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> and English as official languages, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Alaska">State of Alaska</a> officially recognizes 20 <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_languages" title="Alaska Native languages">Alaska Native languages</a> alongside English, and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="State of South Dakota">State of South Dakota</a> recognizes English and <a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">all Sioux dialects</a> as official languages. Nineteen states and the District of Columbia have no official language. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> English is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> language. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages of the United States</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-demonym-10"><a href="#cite_ref-demonym_10-0">^</a> The historical and informal demonym <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a> has been applied to Americans, New Englanders, or northeasterners since the 18th century. </li> <li id="cite_note-largestcountry-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-largestcountry_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-largestcountry_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-largestcountry_14-2">c</a> At 3,531,900 sq mi (9,147,590 km2), the United States is the third-largest country in the world by land area, behind <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. By total area (land and water), it is the third-largest, behind Russia and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, if its coastal and territorial water areas are included. However, if only its internal waters are included (bays, sounds, rivers, lakes, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>), the U.S. is the fourth-largest, after Russia, Canada, and China. Coastal/territorial waters included: 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,517 km2)<a href="#cite_note-28">[18]</a> Only internal waters included: 3,696,100 sq mi (9,572,900 km2)<a href="#cite_note-29">[19]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-16"><a href="#cite_ref-pop_16-0">^</a> Excludes <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territories_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territories of the United States">unincorporated islands</a> because they are counted separately in <a href="/wiki/U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. census">U.S. census</a> statistics </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> After adjustment for taxes and transfers </li> <li id="cite_note-time-22"><a href="#cite_ref-time_22-0">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time in the United States</a> for details about laws governing time zones in the United States. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Date_and_time_notation_in_the_United_States" title="Date and time notation in the United States">Date and time notation in the United States</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-drive-24"><a href="#cite_ref-drive_24-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> use left-hand traffic. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> The five major territories outside the union of states are <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>. The seven undisputed island areas without permanent populations are <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a>. U.S. sovereignty over the unpopulated <a href="/wiki/Bajo_Nuevo_Bank" title="Bajo Nuevo Bank">Bajo Nuevo Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serranilla_Bank" title="Serranilla Bank">Serranilla Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> is disputed.<a href="#cite_note-HRI-2012-26">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop_clock-30"><a href="#cite_ref-pop_clock_30-0">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>'s latest official population estimate of 334,914,895 residents (2023) is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia; it excludes the 3.6 million residents of the five major <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a> and outlying islands. The Census Bureau also provides a continuously updated but unofficial population clock: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/">www.census.gov/popclock</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Including agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> The official <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government_Publishing_Office_Style_Manual" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual">U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual</a> has prescribed specific usages for "U.S." and "United States" as part of official names. In "formal writing (treaties, Executive orders, proclamations, etc.); congressional bills; legal citations and courtwork; and covers and title pages",<a href="#cite_note-gpo-stylemanual-41">[28]</a> "United States" is always used. In a sentence containing the name of another country, "United States" must be used. Otherwise, "U.S." is used preceding a government organization or as an adjective, but "United States" is used as an adjective preceding non-governmental organizations (e.g. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Steel Corporation">United States Steel Corporation</a>).<a href="#cite_note-gpo-stylemanual-41">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> From the late 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a> had been catastrophic for native populations throughout the Americas. It is estimated <a href="/wiki/Virgin_soil_epidemic" title="Virgin soil epidemic">that up to 95 percent of the indigenous populations</a>, especially in the Caribbean, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics" title="Native American disease and epidemics">perished from infectious diseases during the years following European colonization</a>;<a href="#cite_note-65">[51]</a> remaining populations were often displaced by European expansion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoseph2016590-66">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> Per the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution, Amendment Twenty-three</a>, proposed by the U.S. Congress on June 16, 1960, and ratified by the States on March 29, 1961 </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> A country's total exports are usually understood to be goods and services. Based on this, the U.S. is the world's second-largest exporter, after China.<a href="#cite_note-324">[307]</a> However, if primary income is included, the U.S. is the world's largest exporter.<a href="#cite_note-325">[308]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> This figure, like most official data for the United States as a whole, excludes the five unincorporated territories (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>) and minor island possessions. </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Inupiaq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiaq language">Inupiaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Siberian_Yupik_language" title="Central Siberian Yupik language">Siberian Yupik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Central Alaskan Yup'ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Unanga</a> (Aleut), <a href="/wiki/Dena%CA%BCina_language" title="Denaʼina language">Denaʼina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deg_Xinag_language" title="Deg Xinag language">Deg Xinag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holikachuk_language" title="Holikachuk language">Holikachuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Kuskokwim_language" title="Upper Kuskokwim language">Upper Kuskokwim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwich%CA%BCin_language" title="Gwichʼin language">Gwichʼin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Tanana_language" title="Lower Tanana language">Tanana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Tanana_language" title="Upper Tanana language">Upper Tanana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanacross_language" title="Tanacross language">Tanacross</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahtna_language" title="Ahtna language">Ahtna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyak_language" title="Eyak language">Eyak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Coast Tsimshian dialect">Tsimshian</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-457"><a href="#cite_ref-457">^</a> Also known less formally as Obamacare </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">36 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/302">§ 302</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_facto_Motto-2"><a href="#cite_ref-de_facto_Motto_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/27807.pdf">"The Great Seal of the United States"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Public_Affairs" title="Bureau of Public Affairs">Bureau of Public Affairs</a>. 2003. Retrieved February 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Seal+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State%2C+Bureau+of+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F27807.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=1508">An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America</a> (H.R. 14). <a href="/wiki/71st_United_States_Congress" title="71st United States Congress">71st United States Congress</a>. March 3, 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=An+Act+To+make+The+Star-Spangled+Banner+the+national+anthem+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=71st+United+States+Congress&rft.date=1931-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuscode.house.gov%2Fstatviewer.htm%3Fvolume%3D46%26page%3D1508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CensusData-6"><a href="#cite_ref-2020CensusData_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html">"2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a>. Retrieved August 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Illuminates+Racial+and+Ethnic+Composition+of+the+Country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2021%2F08%2Fimproved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020InteractiveCensusData-7"><a href="#cite_ref-2020InteractiveCensusData_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html?linkId=100000060666476">"Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a>. Retrieved August 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census&rft.atitle=Race+and+Ethnicity+in+the+United+States%3A+2010+Census+and+2020+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2Frace-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html%3FlinkId%3D100000060666476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity">"A Breakdown of 2020 Census Demographic Data"</a>. NPR. August 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Breakdown+of+2020+Census+Demographic+Data&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F08%2F13%2F1014710483%2F2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Staff-2007-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Staff-2007_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staff-2007_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2007" class="citation web cs1">Staff (June 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/1690/Religion.aspx">"In Depth: Topics A to Z (Religion)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup, Inc.</a> Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup%2C+Inc.&rft.atitle=In+Depth%3A+Topics+A+to+Z+%28Religion%29&rft.date=2007-06-08&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F1690%2FReligion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uV5tvKPO684C&q=%22national+nicknames%22+Yankee">Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia and Fact-index: Ohio</a>. 1963. p. 336.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compton%27s+Pictured+Encyclopedia+and+Fact-index%3A+Ohio&rft.pages=336&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuV5tvKPO684C%26q%3D%2522national%2Bnicknames%2522%2BYankee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state">"The Water Area of Each State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Water+Area+of+Each+State&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgs.gov%2Fspecial-topics%2Fwater-science-school%2Fscience%2Fhow-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusGov2010HTML-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusGov2010HTML_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusGov2010HTML_13-1">b</a> Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html">"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Census.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="Census.gov">Census.gov</a>. August 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2020. <q>reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=State+Area+Measurements+and+Internal+Point+Coordinates&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2010%2Fgeo%2Fstate-area.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-trends-return-to-pre-pandemic-norms.html">"U.S. Population Trends Return to Pre-Pandemic Norms as More States Gain Population"</a>. Census.gov. Retrieved December 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Population+Trends+Return+to+Pre-Pandemic+Norms+as+More+States+Gain+Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2Fpopulation-trends-return-to-pre-pandemic-norms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html">"U.S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a>. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+Today+Delivers+State+Population+Totals+for+Congressional+Apportionment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2021%2F04%2F2020-census-data-release.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.US-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.US_18-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (United States)"</a>. www.imf.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. October 22, 2024. Retrieved October 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2024+Edition.+%28United+States%29&rft.date=2024-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D111%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2023/demo/p60-279.html">"Income in the United States: 2022"</a>. Census.gov. p. 47. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Income+in+the+United+States%3A+2022&rft.pages=47&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2023%2Fdemo%2Fp60-279.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-21"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416200528/https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/">"The Difference Between .us vs .com"</a>. Cozab. January 3, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/">the original</a> on April 16, 2023. Retrieved August 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cozab&rft.atitle=The+Difference+Between+.us+vs+.com&rft.date=2022-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcozab.com%2Fthe-difference-between-us-vs-com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRI-2012-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRI-2012_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRI-2012_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm">"Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights"</a>. U.S. State Department. December 30, 2011. Item 22, 27, 80. Retrieved April 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Common+Core+Document+to+U.N.+Committee+on+Human+Rights&rft.pages=Item+22%2C+27%2C+80&rft.pub=U.S.+State+Department&rft.date=2011-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2F179780.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf">"U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution"</a> (PDF). U.S. General Accounting Office Report. November 1997. pp. 1, 6, 39n. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 3, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Insular+Areas%3A+application+of+the+U.S.+Constitution&rft.pages=1%2C+6%2C+39n&rft.pub=U.S.+General+Accounting+Office+Report&rft.date=1997-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Farchive%2F1998%2Fog98005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/">"China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fchina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219194413/https://www.britannica.com/topic/616563/United-States-quick-facts">"United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/616563/United-States-quick-facts">the original</a> on December 19, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2F616563%2FUnited-States-quick-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeLear-2013-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeLear-2013_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeLear-2013_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeLear2013" class="citation news cs1">DeLear, Byron (July 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer">"Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. Boston, MA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Who+coined+%27United+States+of+America%27%3F+Mystery+might+have+intriguing+answer&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.aulast=DeLear&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FPolitics%2F2013%2F0704%2FWho-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFay2016" class="citation web cs1">Fay, John (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html">"The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America'"</a>. IrishCentral.com. <q>According to the NY Historical Society, Stephen Moylan was the man responsible for the earliest documented use of the phrase 'United States of America'. But who was Stephen Moylan?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IrishCentral.com&rft.atitle=The+forgotten+Irishman+who+named+the+%27United+States+of+America%27&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft.aulast=Fay&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcentral.com%2Froots%2Fhistory%2FThe-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA_PLANTER1776" class="citation news cs1">A PLANTER (April 6, 1776). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219053616/https://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/VirginiaGazette/VGIssueThumbs.cfm?IssueIDNo=76.DH.16">"To the inhabitants of Virginia"</a>. The Virginia Gazette. Vol. 5, no. 1287. Williamsburg, Virginia: Dixon and Hunter's. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/VirginiaGazette/VGIssueThumbs.cfm?IssueIDNo=76.DH.16">the original</a> on December 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virginia+Gazette&rft.atitle=To+the+inhabitants+of+Virginia&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1287&rft.date=1776-04-06&rft.au=A+PLANTER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.history.org%2FDigitalLibrary%2FVirginiaGazette%2FVGIssueThumbs.cfm%3FIssueIDNo%3D76.DH.16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.niu.edu/islandora/object/niu-amarch%3A87440">"A Planter' s Address to the Inhabitants of Virginia"</a>. American Archives. Northern Illinois University. Retrieved May 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Archives&rft.atitle=A+Planter%27+s+Address+to+the+Inhabitants+of+Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.lib.niu.edu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Fniu-amarch%253A87440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESafire2003199-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafire2003199_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESafire2003199_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSafire2003">Safire 2003</a>, p. 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMostert200518-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMostert200518_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMostert2005">Mostert 2005</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis7-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis7_39-0">^</a> <a href="#Davis96">Davis 1996</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/">"Is USA A Noun Or Adjective?"</a>. Dictionary.com. March 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Is+USA+A+Noun+Or+Adjective%3F&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fe%2Fis-usa-a-noun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpo-stylemanual-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpo-stylemanual_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo-stylemanual_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2016/">U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual</a>. January 12, 2017. pp. 222–223. Retrieved September 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Government+Publishing+Office+Style+Manual&rft.pages=222-223&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fapp%2Fdetails%2FGPO-STYLEMANUAL-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1993" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). The Columbia guide to standard American English. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06989-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06989-2"><bdi>978-0-231-06989-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+guide+to+standard+American+English&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-231-06989-2&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/the-states">""The States""</a>. Longman dictionary. Retrieved September 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+dictionary&rft.atitle=%22The+States%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fthe-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside">"Definition of STATESIDE"</a>. www.merriam-webster.com. September 27, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+STATESIDE&rft.date=2024-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fstateside&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cliff-palace">"Cliff Palace"</a> at Colorado Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 31, 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlandsonRickVellanoweth200819-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlandsonRickVellanoweth200819_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFErlandsonRickVellanoweth2008">Erlandson, Rick & Vellanoweth 2008</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavage201155-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavage201155_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSavage2011">Savage 2011</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatersStafford20071122–1126-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatersStafford20071122–1126_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWatersStafford2007">Waters & Stafford 2007</a>, pp. 1122–1126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlannery2015173–185-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlannery2015173–185_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFlannery2015">Flannery 2015</a>, pp. 173–185. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELockard2010315-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockard2010315_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLockard2010">Lockard 2010</a>, p. 315. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansen2006" class="citation book cs1">Johansen, Bruce (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yiKgBuSUPUIC&dq=native+american+history+archaic+period&pg=PA51">The Native Peoples of North America: A History, Volume 1</a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3899-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3899-0"><bdi>978-0-8135-3899-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Native+Peoples+of+North+America%3A+A+History%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3899-0&rft.aulast=Johansen&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyiKgBuSUPUIC%26dq%3Dnative%2Bamerican%2Bhistory%2Barchaic%2Bperiod%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThornton199834-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThornton199834_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThornton1998">Thornton 1998</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueGreen200540-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueGreen200540_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueGreen200540_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerdueGreen2005">Perdue & Green 2005</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHainesHainesSteckel200012-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHainesHainesSteckel200012_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHainesHainesSteckel2000">Haines, Haines & Steckel 2000</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1932" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Frederick T. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A21231">"The Record of Ponce de Leon's Discovery of Florida, 1513"</a>. The QUARTERLY Periodical of THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY. XI (1): 5–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+QUARTERLY+Periodical+of+THE+FLORIDA+HISTORICAL+SOCIETY&rft.atitle=The+Record+of+Ponce+de+Leon%27s+Discovery+of+Florida%2C+1513&rft.volume=XI&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-6&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Frederick+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalmm.digital.flvc.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Fucf%253A21231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorida_Center_for_Instructional_Technology2002" class="citation book cs1">Florida Center for Instructional Technology (2002). "Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm">A Short History of Florida</a>. University of South Florida.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pedro+Menendez+de+Aviles+Claims+Florida+for+Spain&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Florida&rft.pub=University+of+South+Florida&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Florida+Center+for+Instructional+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffcit.usf.edu%2Fflorida%2Flessons%2Fmenendz%2Fmenendz1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first">"Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First"</a>. NPR. February 28, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+So+Fast%2C+Jamestown%3A+St.+Augustine+Was+Here+First&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F02%2F28%2F389682893%2Fnot-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petto20072-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Petto20072_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetto2007" class="citation book cs1">Petto, Christine Marie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZiaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125">When France Was King of Cartography: The Patronage and Production of Maps in Early Modern France</a>. Lexington Books. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6247-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6247-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-6247-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+France+Was+King+of+Cartography%3A+The+Patronage+and+Production+of+Maps+in+Early+Modern+France&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-6247-7&rft.aulast=Petto&rft.aufirst=Christine+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ZiaAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jr.Selby20182-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Jr.Selby20182_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelyeSelby2018" class="citation book cs1">Seelye, James E. Jr.; Selby, Shawn (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgVnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA344">Shaping North America: From Exploration to the American Revolution [3 volumes]</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3669-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3669-5"><bdi>978-1-4408-3669-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+North+America%3A+From+Exploration+to+the+American+Revolution+%26%2391%3B3+volumes%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3669-5&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=James+E.+Jr.&rft.au=Selby%2C+Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgVnDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BellahSullivan20062-61"><a href="#cite_ref-BellahSullivan20062_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellahMadsenSullivanSwidler1985" class="citation book cs1">Bellah, Robert Neelly; Madsen, Richard; Sullivan, William M.; Swidler, Ann; Tipton, Steven M. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5DQHmykT6u4C&pg=PA220">Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life</a>. University of California Press. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05388-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-05388-5"><bdi>978-0-520-05388-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7708974M">7708974M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habits+of+the+Heart%3A+Individualism+and+Commitment+in+American+Life&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7708974M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-520-05388-5&rft.aulast=Bellah&rft.aufirst=Robert+Neelly&rft.au=Madsen%2C+Richard&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+William+M.&rft.au=Swidler%2C+Ann&rft.au=Tipton%2C+Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5DQHmykT6u4C%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Remini2–32-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Remini2–32_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRemini2007">Remini 2007</a>, pp. 2–3 </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson26–302-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson26–302_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson1997">Johnson 1997</a>, pp. 26–30 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a href="#Ripper2008">Ripper, 2008</a> p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenpreisEhrenpreis2022" class="citation journal cs1">Ehrenpreis, Jamie E.; Ehrenpreis, Eli D. (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785365">"A Historical Perspective of Healthcare Disparity and Infectious Disease in the Native American Population"</a>. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 363 (4): 288–294. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjms.2022.01.005">10.1016/j.amjms.2022.01.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9629">0002-9629</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785365">8785365</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35085528">35085528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+the+Medical+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Perspective+of+Healthcare+Disparity+and+Infectious+Disease+in+the+Native+American+Population&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=288-294&rft.date=2022-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8785365%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0002-9629&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35085528&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjms.2022.01.005&rft.aulast=Ehrenpreis&rft.aufirst=Jamie+E.&rft.au=Ehrenpreis%2C+Eli+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8785365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoseph2016590-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoseph2016590_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJoseph2016">Joseph 2016</a>, p. 590. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a href="#Stannard">Stannard, 1993</a> p. <a href="//archive.org/details/americanholocaus00stan" class="extiw" title="iarchive:americanholocaus00stan">xii</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a href="#Ripper2008">Ripper, 2008</a> p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a href="#Calloway1998">Calloway, 1998</a>, p. 55 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1997" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Hugh (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom/page/516">The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom/page/516">516</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-83565-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-83565-7"><bdi>0-684-83565-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slave+Trade%3A+The+Story+of+the+Atlantic+Slave+Trade%3A+1440%E2%80%931870&rft.pages=516&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-684-83565-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavetradestoryo00thom%2Fpage%2F516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BilhartzElliott20072-73"><a href="#cite_ref-BilhartzElliott20072_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilhartz,_Terry_D.Elliott,_Alan_C.2007" class="citation book cs1">Bilhartz, Terry D.; Elliott, Alan C. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/currentsinameric0000bilh">Currents in American History: A Brief History of the United States</a>. M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1817-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1817-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-1817-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Currents+in+American+History%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1817-7&rft.au=Bilhartz%2C+Terry+D.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Alan+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcurrentsinameric0000bilh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood19982-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Wood19982_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1998" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Gordon S. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creationofameric0000wood_r7v4">The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787</a>. UNC Press Books. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4723-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4723-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-4723-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+the+American+Republic%2C+1776%E2%80%931787&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4723-7&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Gordon+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreationofameric0000wood_r7v4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliffe2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ratcliffe, Donald (2013). "The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787–1828". Journal of the Early Republic. 33 (2): 220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjer.2013.0033">10.1353/jer.2013.0033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0275-1275">0275-1275</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145135025">145135025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Early+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Right+to+Vote+and+the+Rise+of+Democracy%2C+1787%E2%80%931828&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=220&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145135025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0275-1275&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjer.2013.0033&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#Walton">Walton, 2009</a>, pp. 38–39 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a href="#Walton">Walton, 2009</a>, p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOtis1763" class="citation book cs1">Otis, James (1763). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_52678">The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-665-52678-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-665-52678-7"><bdi>978-0-665-52678-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rights+of+the+British+Colonies+Asserted+and+Proved&rft.date=1763&rft.isbn=978-0-665-52678-7&rft.aulast=Otis&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_52678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner1998" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Eric (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofamericanf00fone">The Story of American Freedom</a> (1st ed.). W.W. Norton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofamericanf00fone/page/4">4</a>–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04665-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04665-6"><bdi>978-0-393-04665-6</bdi></a>. <q>story of American freedom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+American+Freedom&rft.pages=4-5&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04665-6&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofamericanf00fone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson-80"><a href="#cite_ref-anderson_80-0">^</a> Fred Anderson, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War (2006) </li> <li id="cite_note-YoungNash20112-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YoungNash20112_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YoungNash20112_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabian_Young,_AlfredNash,_Gary_B.Raphael,_Ray2011" class="citation book cs1">Fabian Young, Alfred; Nash, Gary B.; Raphael, Ray (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QEzaLJ4u_MEC&pg=PA4">Revolutionary Founders: Rebels, Radicals, and Reformers in the Making of the Nation</a>. Random House Digital. pp. 4–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-27110-5"><bdi>978-0-307-27110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+Founders%3A+Rebels%2C+Radicals%2C+and+Reformers+in+the+Making+of+the+Nation&rft.pages=4-7&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-307-27110-5&rft.au=Fabian+Young%2C+Alfred&rft.au=Nash%2C+Gary+B.&rft.au=Raphael%2C+Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQEzaLJ4u_MEC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Richard Buel, Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815 (1972) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Becker et al (2002), ch 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-SEoP-2006-85"><a href="#cite_ref-SEoP-2006_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/">"Republicanism"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. June 19, 2006. Retrieved September 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Republicanism&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Frepublicanism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Hunter (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp">"British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783"</a>. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British-American+Diplomacy%3A+The+Paris+Peace+Treaty+of+September+30%2C+1783&rft.pub=The+Avalon+Project+at+Yale+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2F18th_century%2Fparis.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Shōsuke Satō, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PY0VAAAAYAAJ">History of the land question in the United States</a>, Johns Hopkins University, (1886), p. 352 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoner2020524-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoner2020524_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoner2020">Foner 2020</a>, p. 524. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.1]-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.1]_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOpenStax2014">OpenStax 2014</a>, § <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans">8.1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoner2020538–540-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoner2020538–540_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoner2020">Foner 2020</a>, pp. 538–540. </li> <li id="cite_note-BoyerJr.20072-91"><a href="#cite_ref-BoyerJr.20072_91-0">^</a> <a href="#Boyer">Boyer, 2007</a>, pp. 192–193 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.3]-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans_8.3]_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOpenStax2014">OpenStax 2014</a>, § <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/8-1-competing-visions-federalists-and-democratic-republicans">8.3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf">"Louisiana Purchase"</a> (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louisiana+Purchase&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fjeff%2Fhistoryculture%2Fupload%2Flouisiana_purchase.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarriss" class="citation web cs1">Harriss, Joseph A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/">"How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved June 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+the+Louisiana+Purchase+Changed+the+World&rft.aulast=Harriss&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory%2Fhow-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wait19992-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Wait19992_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWait1999" class="citation book cs1">Wait, Eugene M. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=puuQ30N0EsIC&pg=PA78">America and the War of 1812</a>. Nova Publishers. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56072-644-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56072-644-9"><bdi>978-1-56072-644-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+and+the+War+of+1812&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-56072-644-9&rft.aulast=Wait&rft.aufirst=Eugene+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpuuQ30N0EsIC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public2.nhhcaws.local/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/1812.html">"War of 1812"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. April 10, 2024. Retrieved June 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft.atitle=War+of+1812&rft.date=2024-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic2.nhhcaws.local%2Fbrowse-by-topic%2Fwars-conflicts-and-operations%2F1812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-KloseJones19942-97"><a href="#cite_ref-KloseJones19942_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlose,_NelsonJones,_Robert_F.1994" class="citation book cs1">Klose, Nelson; Jones, Robert F. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstateshist00klos_0/page/150">United States History to 1877</a>. Barron's Educational Series. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstateshist00klos_0/page/150">150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-1834-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8120-1834-9"><bdi>978-0-8120-1834-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+History+to+1877&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8120-1834-9&rft.au=Klose%2C+Nelson&rft.au=Jones%2C+Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitedstateshist00klos_0%2Fpage%2F150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MD20072-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MD20072_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD20072_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlisleGolson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carlisle, Rodney P.; Golson, J. Geoffrey (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/659807062">Manifest destiny and the expansion of America</a>. Turning Points in History Series. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-834-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-834-7"><bdi>978-1-85109-834-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/659807062">659807062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manifest+destiny+and+the+expansion+of+America&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.series=Turning+Points+in+History+Series&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F659807062&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-834-7&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Rodney+P.&rft.au=Golson%2C+J.+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F659807062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson198841–43-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson198841–43_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 41–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hammond, John Craig (March 2019). "President, Planter, Politician: James Monroe, the Missouri Crisis, and the Politics of Slavery". Journal of American History. 105 (4): 843–867. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjaz002">10.1093/jahist/jaz002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=President%2C+Planter%2C+Politician%3A+James+Monroe%2C+the+Missouri+Crisis%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Slavery&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=843-867&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjaz002&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=John+Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrymer2017" class="citation book cs1">Frymer, Paul (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/981954623">Building an American empire : the era of territorial and political expansion</a>. Princeton, New Jersey: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8535-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-8535-0"><bdi>978-1-4008-8535-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/981954623">981954623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+an+American+empire+%3A+the+era+of+territorial+and+political+expansion&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F981954623&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8535-0&rft.aulast=Frymer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F981954623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalloway2019" class="citation book cs1">Calloway, Colin G. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035393060">First peoples : a documentary survey of American Indian history</a> (6th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, Macmillan Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-319-10491-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-319-10491-7"><bdi>978-1-319-10491-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1035393060">1035393060</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+peoples+%3A+a+documentary+survey+of+American+Indian+history&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Bedford%2FSt.+Martin%27s%2C+Macmillan+Learning&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1035393060&rft.isbn=978-1-319-10491-7&rft.aulast=Calloway&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1035393060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichno2003" class="citation book cs1">Michno, Gregory (2003). Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850–1890. Mountain Press Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87842-468-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87842-468-9"><bdi>978-0-87842-468-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Indian+Wars%3A+Western+Battles+and+Skirmishes%2C+1850%E2%80%931890&rft.pub=Mountain+Press+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87842-468-9&rft.aulast=Michno&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonRidge2001j2-104"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonRidge2001j2_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington,_Ray_AllenRidge,_Martin2001" class="citation book cs1">Billington, Ray Allen; <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ridge_(historian)" title="Martin Ridge (historian)">Ridge, Martin</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westwardexpansio00bill/page/22">Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier</a>. UNM Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westwardexpansio00bill/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1981-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1981-4"><bdi>978-0-8263-1981-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westward+Expansion%3A+A+History+of+the+American+Frontier&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-1981-4&rft.au=Billington%2C+Ray+Allen&rft.au=Ridge%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwestwardexpansio00bill%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrison19992-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Morrison19992_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison,_Michael_A.1997" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Michael A. (April 28, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YTaxzMlkVEMC&pg=PA13">Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War</a>. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 13–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4796-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4796-1"><bdi>978-0-8078-4796-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+and+the+American+West%3A+The+Eclipse+of+Manifest+Destiny+and+the+Coming+of+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=13-21&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1997-04-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4796-1&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYTaxzMlkVEMC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kemp20102-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Kemp20102_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp,_Roger_L.2010" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Roger L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JHawgM-WnlUC&pg=PA180">Documents of American Democracy: A Collection of Essential Works</a>. McFarland. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4210-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4210-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-4210-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+of+American+Democracy%3A+A+Collection+of+Essential+Works&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-4210-2&rft.au=Kemp%2C+Roger+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJHawgM-WnlUC%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McIlwraithMuller20012-107"><a href="#cite_ref-McIlwraithMuller20012_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIlwraith,_Thomas_F.Muller,_Edward_K.2001" class="citation book cs1">McIlwraith, Thomas F.; Muller, Edward K. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northamericahist00mcil/page/61">North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northamericahist00mcil/page/61">61</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0019-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-0019-8"><bdi>978-0-7425-0019-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+America%3A+The+Historical+Geography+of+a+Changing+Continent&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0019-8&rft.au=McIlwraith%2C+Thomas+F.&rft.au=Muller%2C+Edward+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthamericahist00mcil%2Fpage%2F61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMeyerSnowSnowCohen2001">Meyer et al. 2001</a>, From 1800 to 1900: "The discovery of gold in California in 1848 proved a momentous watershed for native people in the West. Hordes of single men stampeded to find fortune. Unrestrained by family, community, or church, they decimated the native population near the goldfields. California natives suffered the most complete genocide in U.S. history."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf" class="citation web cs1">Wolf, Jessica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/revealing-the-history-of-genocide-against-californias-native-americans">"Revealing the history of genocide against California's Native Americans"</a>. UCLA Newsroom. Retrieved July 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Revealing+the+history+of+genocide+against+California%27s+Native+Americans&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Fstories%2Frevealing-the-history-of-genocide-against-californias-native-americans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadley2016" class="citation book cs1">Madley, Benjamin (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americangenocide0000madl">An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300230697" title="Special:BookSources/9780300230697"><bdi>9780300230697</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+Genocide%3A+The+United+States+and+the+California+Indian+Catastrophe%2C+1846-1873.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780300230697&rft.aulast=Madley&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericangenocide0000madl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSmithers2012">Smithers 2012</a>, p. 339: "The genocidal intent of California settlers and government officials was acted out in numerous battles and massacres (and aided by technological advances in weaponry, especially after the Civil War), in the abduction and sexual abuse of Indian women, and in the economic exploitation of Indian child labourers"</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFBlackhawk2023">Blackhawk 2023</a>, p. 38: "With these works, a near consensus emerged. By most scholarly definitions and consistent with the UN Convention, these scholars all asserted that genocide against at least some Indigenous peoples had occurred in North America following colonisation, perpetuated first by colonial empires and then by independent nation-states"</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rawls1999-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Rawls1999_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawls,_James_J.1999" class="citation book cs1">Rawls, James J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UPUsIaHZTm0C&pg=PA20">A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California</a>. University of California Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21771-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21771-3"><bdi>978-0-520-21771-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Golden+State%3A+Mining+and+Economic+Development+in+Gold+Rush+California&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21771-3&rft.au=Rawls%2C+James+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUPUsIaHZTm0C%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Wright2022-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Wright2022_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker_Howe2007">Walker Howe 2007</a>, p. 52–54; <a href="#CITEREFWright2022">Wright 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Rodriguez2015XXXIVWright2022-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe200752–54Rodriguez2015XXXIVWright2022_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker_Howe2007">Walker Howe 2007</a>, p. 52–54; <a href="#CITEREFRodriguez2015">Rodriguez 2015</a>, p. XXXIV; <a href="#CITEREFWright2022">Wright 2022</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a href="#Walton">Walton, 2009</a>, p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a href="#Gordon">Gordon, 2004</a>, pp. 27,29 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe2007478,_481–482,_587–588-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker_Howe2007478,_481–482,_587–588_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker_Howe2007">Walker Howe 2007</a>, p. 478, 481–482, 587–588. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2004" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Stuart (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ_sy7mmmxQC&pg=PA76">Atlas of American Military History</a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3025-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-3025-5"><bdi>978-1-4381-3025-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+American+Military+History&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-3025-5&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbJ_sy7mmmxQC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2001" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Harold T. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kr-xNru5vZkC&pg=PA53">Christian Social Witness</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56101-188-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56101-188-9"><bdi>978-1-56101-188-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Social+Witness&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56101-188-9&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Harold+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkr-xNru5vZkC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods_2012_pp._415–4392-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Woods_2012_pp._415–4392_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2012" class="citation journal cs1">Woods, Michael E. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44306803">"What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature"</a>. The Journal of American History. 99 (2). [Oxford University Press, Organization of American Historians]: 415–439. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjas272">10.1093/jahist/jas272</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8723">0021-8723</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44306803">44306803</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+History&rft.atitle=What+Twenty-First-Century+Historians+Have+Said+about+the+Causes+of+Disunion%3A+A+Civil+War+Sesquicentennial+Review+of+the+Recent+Literature&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=415-439&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0021-8723&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44306803%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjahist%2Fjas272&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44306803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silkenat_2019_p._252-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Silkenat_2019_p._252_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilkenat2019" class="citation book cs1">Silkenat, D. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nHWKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War</a>. Civil War America. University of North Carolina Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-4973-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-4973-3"><bdi>978-1-4696-4973-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raising+the+White+Flag%3A+How+Surrender+Defined+the+American+Civil+War&rft.series=Civil+War+America&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-4973-3&rft.aulast=Silkenat&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnHWKDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988236-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988236_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinovskis1990" class="citation book cs1">Vinovskis, Maris (1990). Toward A Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39559-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-39559-5"><bdi>978-0-521-39559-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+A+Social+History+of+the+American+Civil+War%3A+Exploratory+Essays&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39559-5&rft.aulast=Vinovskis&rft.aufirst=Maris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988273–274-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPherson1988273–274_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcPherson1988">McPherson 1988</a>, pp. 273–274. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/">"The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">U.S. National Archives and Records Administration</a>. August 15, 2016. <q>By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft.atitle=The+Fight+for+Equal+Rights%3A+Black+Soldiers+in+the+Civil+War&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Feducation%2Flessons%2Fblacks-civil-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Davis, Jefferson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ashorthistoryco00davigoog#page/n544/mode/2up/search/surrender+at+Appomattox">A Short History of the Confederate States of America</a>, 1890, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-175-82358-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-175-82358-8">978-1-175-82358-8</a>. Available free online as an ebook. Chapter LXXXVIII, "Re-establishment of the Union by force", p. 503. Retrieved March 14, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-Black2011kj2-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Black2011kj2_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Black_(historian)" title="Jeremy Black (historian)">Black, Jeremy</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIst_CSWOqIC&pg=PA275">Fighting for America: The Struggle for Mastery in North America, 1519–1871</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35660-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35660-4"><bdi>978-0-253-35660-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+for+America%3A+The+Struggle+for+Mastery+in+North+America%2C+1519%E2%80%931871&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35660-4&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEIst_CSWOqIC%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PriceBenton-Short2008-124"><a href="#cite_ref-PriceBenton-Short2008_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriceBenton-Short2008" class="citation book cs1">Price, Marie; Benton-Short, Lisa (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Tb5HMB63xAC&pg=PA51">Migrants to the Metropolis: The Rise of Immigrant Gateway Cities</a>. Syracuse University Press. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3186-6"><bdi>978-0-8156-3186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migrants+to+the+Metropolis%3A+The+Rise+of+Immigrant+Gateway+Cities&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3186-6&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft.au=Benton-Short%2C+Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Tb5HMB63xAC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/">"Overview + History | Ellis Island"</a>. Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island. March 4, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statue+of+Liberty+%26+Ellis+Island&rft.atitle=Overview+%2B+History+%7C+Ellis+Island&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statueofliberty.org%2Fellis-island%2Foverview-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States (1976) series C89-C119, pp 105–9 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Stephan Thernstrom, ed., Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (1980) covers the history of all the main groups </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration">"The Great Migration (1910–1970)"</a>. National Archives. May 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Migration+%281910%E2%80%931970%29&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Fafrican-americans%2Fmigrations%2Fgreat-migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase">"Purchase of Alaska, 1867"</a>. Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved December 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=Purchase+of+Alaska%2C+1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1866-1898%2Falaska-purchase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1991" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, C. Vann (1991). Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reunion+and+Reaction%3A+The+Compromise+of+1877+and+the+End+of+Reconstruction&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=C.+Vann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrew_Gilpin_FaustEric_FonerClarence_E._Walker" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Drew_Gilpin_Faust" title="Drew Gilpin Faust">Drew Gilpin Faust</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a>; <a href="/wiki/Clarence_E._Walker" title="Clarence E. Walker">Clarence E. Walker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/">"White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=White+Southern+Responses+to+Black+Emancipation&rft.au=Drew+Gilpin+Faust&rft.au=Eric+Foner&rft.au=Clarence+E.+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Freconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA2-132"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA2_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrelease1979" class="citation book cs1">Trelease, Allen W. (1979). White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-21168-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-21168-X"><bdi>0-313-21168-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Terror%3A+The+Ku+Klux+Klan+Conspiracy+and+Southern+Reconstruction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-313-21168-X&rft.aulast=Trelease&rft.aufirst=Allen+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearer_Davis_Bowman1993" class="citation book cs1">Shearer Davis Bowman (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterslordsmid10000bowm">Masters and Lords: Mid-19th-Century U.S. Planters and Prussian Junkers</a>. Oxford UP. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/masterslordsmid10000bowm/page/221">221</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536394-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536394-4"><bdi>978-0-19-536394-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+and+Lords%3A+Mid-19th-Century+U.S.+Planters+and+Prussian+Junkers&rft.pages=221&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536394-4&rft.au=Shearer+Davis+Bowman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmasterslordsmid10000bowm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ware, Leland (February 2021). "Plessy's Legacy: The Government's Role in the Development and Perpetuation of Segregated Neighborhoods". RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. 7 (1): 92–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7758%2Frsf.2021.7.1.06">10.7758/rsf.2021.7.1.06</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231929202">231929202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RSF%3A+The+Russell+Sage+Foundation+Journal+of+the+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Plessy%27s+Legacy%3A+The+Government%27s+Role+in+the+Development+and+Perpetuation+of+Segregated+Neighborhoods&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=92-109&rft.date=2021-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7758%2Frsf.2021.7.1.06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231929202%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Leland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschmanMogford2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hirschman, Charles; Mogford, Elizabeth (December 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760060">"Immigration and the American Industrial Revolution From 1880 to 1920"</a>. Social Science Research. 38 (4): 897–920. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2009.04.001">10.1016/j.ssresearch.2009.04.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0049-089X">0049-089X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760060">2760060</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20160966">20160966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research&rft.atitle=Immigration+and+the+American+Industrial+Revolution+From+1880+to+1920&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=897-920&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2760060%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0049-089X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20160966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ssresearch.2009.04.001&rft.aulast=Hirschman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Mogford%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2760060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarsonBonk1999" class="citation book cs1">Carson, Thomas; Bonk, Mary (1999). "Industrial Revolution". Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Industrial+Revolution&rft.btitle=Gale+Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+Economic+History&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Bonk%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggs2015" class="citation book cs1">Riggs, Thomas (2015). Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History Vol. 3 (2 ed.). Gale. p. 1179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gale+Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+Economic+History+Vol.+3&rft.pages=1179&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Riggs&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atlantic2-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Atlantic2_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDole1907" class="citation journal cs1">Dole, Charles F. (1907). "The Ethics of Speculation". <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Monthly">The Atlantic Monthly</a>. C (December 1907): 812–818.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic+Monthly&rft.atitle=The+Ethics+of+Speculation&rft.volume=C&rft.issue=December+1907&rft.pages=812-818&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Dole&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Pit_Boss2021" class="citation web cs1">The Pit Boss (February 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history">"The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History"</a>. Rumble On. Retrieved December 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rumble+On&rft.atitle=The+Pit+Stop%3A+The+American+Automotive+Industry+Is+Packed+With+History&rft.date=2021-02-26&rft.au=The+Pit+Boss&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitstop.rumbleon.com%2Famerican-automotive-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012). America: A Narrative History (Brief Ninth Edition) (Vol. 2). <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-91267-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-91267-8">978-0-393-91267-8</a> p. 589 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a href="#Zinn">Zinn, 2005</a>, pp. 321–357 </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraser2-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Fraser2_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2015" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Steve (2015). The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-18543-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-18543-1"><bdi>978-0-316-18543-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Acquiescence%3A+The+Life+and+Death+of+American+Resistance+to+Organized+Wealth+and+Power&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-316-18543-1&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aldrich2-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich2_143-0">^</a> Aldrich, Mark. Safety First: Technology, Labor and Business in the Building of Work Safety, 1870-1939. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5405-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5405-9">0-8018-5405-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/">"Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 | U.S. History Primary Source Timeline | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress"</a>. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.+20540+USA&rft.atitle=Progressive+Era+to+New+Era%2C+1900-1929+%7C+U.S.+History+Primary+Source+Timeline+%7C+Classroom+Materials+at+the+Library+of+Congress+%7C+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fclassroom-materials%2Funited-states-history-primary-source-timeline%2Fprogressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war">"The Spanish–American War, 1898"</a>. Office of the Historian. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Historian&rft.atitle=The+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War%2C+1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1866-1898%2Fspanish-american-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/">"Virgin Islands History"</a>. Vinow.com. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Islands+History&rft.pub=Vinow.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vinow.com%2Fgeneral_usvi%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005). U.S. History Super Review. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association. p. 418. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7386-0070-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7386-0070-3">978-0-7386-0070-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsonMeltvedt2021" class="citation journal cs1">Larson, Elizabeth C.; Meltvedt, Kristi R. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45805">"Women's suffrage: fact sheet"</a>. CRS Reports (Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service). Report / Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CRS+Reports+%28Library+of+Congress.+Congressional+Research+Service%29&rft.atitle=Women%27s+suffrage%3A+fact+sheet&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+C.&rft.au=Meltvedt%2C+Kristi+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fdetails%3Fprodcode%3DR45805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013410–411-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013410–411_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinchester2013">Winchester 2013</a>, pp. 410–411. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxinnStern2007" class="citation book cs1">Axinn, June; Stern, Mark J. (2007). Social Welfare: A History of the American Response to Need (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-52215-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-52215-6"><bdi>978-0-205-52215-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Welfare%3A+A+History+of+the+American+Response+to+Need&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Allyn+%26+Bacon&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-205-52215-6&rft.aulast=Axinn&rft.aufirst=June&rft.au=Stern%2C+Mark+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Noble_Gregory1991" class="citation book cs1">James Noble Gregory (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qNdtGwnXYrIC">American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507136-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507136-8"><bdi>978-0-19-507136-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Exodus%3A+The+Dust+Bowl+Migration+and+Okie+Culture+in+California&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507136-8&rft.au=James+Noble+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqNdtGwnXYrIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/dustbowl-mass-exodus-plains/">"Mass Exodus From the Plains"</a>. American Experience. WGBH Educational Foundation. 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Experience&rft.atitle=Mass+Exodus+From+the+Plains&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fgeneral-article%2Fdustbowl-mass-exodus-plains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFanslow1997" class="citation web cs1">Fanslow, Robin A. (April 6, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html">"The Migrant Experience"</a>. American Folklore Center. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Folklore+Center&rft.atitle=The+Migrant+Experience&rft.date=1997-04-06&rft.aulast=Fanslow&rft.aufirst=Robin+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fafctshtml%2Ftsme.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1973" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Walter J. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGuGAAAAIAAJ">California and the Dust Bowl Migration</a>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-6267-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-6267-6"><bdi>978-0-8371-6267-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California+and+the+Dust+Bowl+Migration&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8371-6267-6&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Walter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGuGAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> The official WRA record from 1946 states that it was 120,000 people. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWar_Relocation_Authority1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/War_Relocation_Authority" title="War Relocation Authority">War Relocation Authority</a> (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-282-5/">The Evacuated People: A Quantitative Study</a>. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evacuated+People%3A+A+Quantitative+Study&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1946&rft.au=War+Relocation+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fddr.densho.org%2Fddr-densho-282-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> This number does not include people held in other camps such as those run by the DoJ or U.S. Army. Other sources may give numbers slightly more or less than 120,000. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearl_Harbor2-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Pearl_Harbor2_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamasaki" class="citation web cs1">Yamasaki, Mitch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf">"Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History"</a> (PDF). World War II Internment in Hawaii. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 13, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pearl+Harbor+and+America%27s+Entry+into+World+War+II%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.pub=World+War+II+Internment+in+Hawaii&rft.aulast=Yamasaki&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiiinternment.org%2Fstatic%2Fush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/">"Why did Japan surrender in World War II?"</a>. The Japan Times. Retrieved February 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Why+did+Japan+surrender+in+World+War+II%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2016%2F08%2F06%2Fcommentary%2Fjapan-surrender-world-war-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Pacific War Research Society (2006). Japan's Longest Day. New York: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-7700-2887-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-7700-2887-7">978-4-7700-2887-7</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoopesBrinkley1997100-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoopesBrinkley1997100_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoopesBrinkley1997">Hoopes & Brinkley 1997</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaddis197225-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaddis197225_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGaddis1972">Gaddis 1972</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Kennedy, Paul (1989). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Vintage. p. 358. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-72019-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-72019-5">978-0-679-72019-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blakemore-20192-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Blakemore-20192_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakemore2019" class="citation web cs1">Blakemore, Erin (March 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/">"What was the Cold War?"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/">the original</a> on April 1, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=What+was+the+Cold+War%3F&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft.aulast=Blakemore&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2Ftopics%2Freference%2Fcold-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarresm2014" class="citation book cs1">Larresm, Klaus, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174">A Companion to Europe Since 1945</a>. Wiley. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-89024-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-89024-0"><bdi>978-1-118-89024-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Europe+Since+1945&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-118-89024-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEyNcCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSempa2017" class="citation book cs1">Sempa, Francis (July 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Px4uDwAAQBAJ">Geopolitics: From the Cold War to the 21st Century</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-51768-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-51768-3"><bdi>978-1-351-51768-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geopolitics%3A+From+the+Cold+War+to+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.isbn=978-1-351-51768-3&rft.aulast=Sempa&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPx4uDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a href="#Blakeley">Blakeley, 2009</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rft8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92">p. 92</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proxy2-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Proxy2_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Collins, Michael</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/liftoff00coll">Liftoff: The Story of America's Adventure in Space</a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1011-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-1011-4"><bdi>978-0-8021-1011-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liftoff%3A+The+Story+of+America%27s+Adventure+in+Space&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1011-4&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliftoff00coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013305–308-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinchester2013305–308_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinchester2013">Winchester 2013</a>, pp. 305–308. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/johngardner/chapters/4b.html">"The Civil Rights Movement"</a>. PBS. Retrieved January 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Civil+Rights+Movement&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fjohngardner%2Fchapters%2F4b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley1991" class="citation book cs1">Brinkley, Alan (January 24, 1991). "Great Society". In Eric Foner; John Arthur Garraty (eds.). The Reader's Companion to American History. Houghton Mifflin Books. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-51372-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-51372-3"><bdi>0-395-51372-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Great+Society&rft.btitle=The+Reader%27s+Companion+to+American+History&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Books&rft.date=1991-01-24&rft.isbn=0-395-51372-3&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy">"Playboy: American Magazine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. August 25, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2023. <q>...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Playboy%3A+American+Magazine&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FPlayboy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvetlana_Ter-Grigoryan2022" class="citation web cs1">Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan (February 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html">"The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact"</a>. study.com. Retrieved April 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=study.com&rft.atitle=The+Sexual+Revolution+Origins+and+Impact&rft.date=2022-02-12&rft.au=Svetlana+Ter-Grigoryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Flearn%2Flesson%2Fsexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Levy, Daniel (January 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true">"Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Protests+Against+the+Vietnam+War+in+1968&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5106608%2Fprotest-1968%2F%3Famp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf">"Women in the Labor Force: A Databook"</a> (PDF). U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. p. 11. Retrieved March 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Labor+Force%3A+A+Databook&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Fcps%2Fwlf-databook-2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaidar2-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaidar2_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaĭdar2007" class="citation book cs1">Gaĭdar, E.T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bDSfnxYjVwAC&pg=PA102">Collapse of an Empire: Lessons for Modern Russia</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution#Publications" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution Press</a>. pp. 190–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-3114-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-3114-6"><bdi>978-0-8157-3114-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collapse+of+an+Empire%3A+Lessons+for+Modern+Russia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=190-205&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-3114-6&rft.aulast=Ga%C4%ADdar&rft.aufirst=E.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbDSfnxYjVwAC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowell2006" class="citation book cs1">Howell, Buddy Wayne (2006). The Rhetoric of Presidential Summit Diplomacy: Ronald Reagan and the U.S.-Soviet Summits, 1985–1988. Texas A&M University. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-549-41658-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-549-41658-6"><bdi>978-0-549-41658-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rhetoric+of+Presidential+Summit+Diplomacy%3A+Ronald+Reagan+and+the+U.S.-Soviet+Summits%2C+1985%E2%80%931988&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-549-41658-6&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Buddy+Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissinger2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger, Henry</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0IZboamhb5EC&pg=PA731">Diplomacy</a>. Simon & Schuster. pp. 781–784. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2631-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2631-8"><bdi>978-1-4391-2631-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomacy&rft.pages=781-784&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-2631-8&rft.aulast=Kissinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0IZboamhb5EC%26pg%3DPA731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2009" class="citation book cs1">Mann, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BgZyXNIrvB4C&pg=PT12">The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War</a>. Penguin. p. 432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4406-8639-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4406-8639-9"><bdi>978-1-4406-8639-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rebellion+of+Ronald+Reagan%3A+A+History+of+the+End+of+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=432&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4406-8639-9&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBgZyXNIrvB4C%26pg%3DPT12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a href="#Hayes">Hayes, 2009</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCFI_Team" class="citation web cs1">CFI Team. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/">"NASDAQ"</a>. Corporate Finance Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corporate+Finance+Institute&rft.atitle=NASDAQ&rft.au=CFI+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporatefinanceinstitute.com%2Fresources%2Fcareer-map%2Fsell-side%2Fcapital-markets%2Fnasdaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolsti2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ole_R._Holsti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ole R. Holsti">Holsti, Ole R.</a> (November 7, 2011). "The United States and Iraq before the Iraq War". American Public Opinion on the Iraq War. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03480-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03480-2"><bdi>978-0-472-03480-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+United+States+and+Iraq+before+the+Iraq+War&rft.btitle=American+Public+Opinion+on+the+Iraq+War&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.isbn=978-0-472-03480-2&rft.aulast=Holsti&rft.aufirst=Ole+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh,_Kenneth_T.2008" class="citation news cs1">Walsh, Kenneth T. (December 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy">"The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy"</a>. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved March 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=The+%27War+on+Terror%27+Is+Critical+to+President+George+W.+Bush%27s+Legacy&rft.date=2008-12-09&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2008%2F12%2F09%2Fthe-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2011" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, Stephen E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PDDIgWRN_HQC&pg=PA210">The 9/11 Encyclopedia: Second Edition</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 872. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-921-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-921-9"><bdi>978-1-59884-921-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+9%2F11+Encyclopedia%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pages=872&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-921-9&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Stephen+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPDDIgWRN_HQC%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2008" class="citation news cs1">Wong, Edward (February 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html">"Overview: The Iraq War"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Overview%3A+The+Iraq+War&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fref%2Ftimestopics%2Ftopics_iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2005" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, James Turner (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein">The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4956-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-4956-2"><bdi>978-0-7425-4956-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+to+Oust+Saddam+Hussein%3A+Just+War+and+the+New+Face+of+Conflict&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=James+Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSF7U27JsLC4C%26q%3Diraq%2Binvasion%2Bremoves%2Bhussein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurando,_JessicaGreen,_Shannon_Rae2011" class="citation news cs1">Durando, Jessica; Green, Shannon Rae (December 21, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904084312/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/story/2011-12-21/iraq-war-timeline/52147680/1">"Timeline: Key moments in the Iraq War"</a>. USA Today. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/story/2011-12-21/iraq-war-timeline/52147680/1">the original</a> on September 4, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Key+moments+in+the+Iraq+War&rft.date=2011-12-21&rft.au=Durando%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Green%2C+Shannon+Rae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2Fstory%2F2011-12-21%2Firaq-war-timeline%2F52147680%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilsenrathNgPaletta2008" class="citation news cs1">Hilsenrath, Jon; Ng, Serena; Paletta, Damian (September 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947">"Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1042-9840">1042-9840</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/781541372">781541372</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Worst+Crisis+Since+%2730s%2C+With+No+End+Yet+in+Sight&rft.date=2008-09-18&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F781541372&rft.issn=1042-9840&rft.aulast=Hilsenrath&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Ng%2C+Serena&rft.au=Paletta%2C+Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB122169431617549947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiger2014" class="citation web cs1">Geiger, Abigail (June 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/">"Political Polarization in the American Public"</a>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Political+Polarization+in+the+American+Public&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F06%2F12%2Fpolitical-polarization-in-the-american-public%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayMarquez2023" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Mark; Marquez, Alexandra (June 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559">"Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization"</a>. NBC News. Retrieved June 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Here%27s+what%27s+driving+America%27s+increasing+political+polarization&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Marquez%2C+Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fmeet-the-press%2Fmeetthepressblog%2Fs-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamid2022" class="citation web cs1">Hamid, Shadi (January 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/01/republicans-democrats-forever-culture-war/621184/">"The Forever Culture War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. Retrieved October 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Forever+Culture+War&rft.date=2022-01-08&rft.aulast=Hamid&rft.aufirst=Shadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2022%2F01%2Frepublicans-democrats-forever-culture-war%2F621184%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleinfeld-2023-184"><a href="#cite_ref-Kleinfeld-2023_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinfeld2023" class="citation web cs1">Kleinfeld, Rachel (September 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/09/polarization-democracy-and-political-violence-in-the-united-states-what-the-research-says?lang=en">"Polarization, Democracy, and Political Violence in the United States: What the Research Says"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved September 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=Polarization%2C+Democracy%2C+and+Political+Violence+in+the+United+States%3A+What+the+Research+Says&rft.date=2023-09-05&rft.aulast=Kleinfeld&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fresearch%2F2023%2F09%2Fpolarization-democracy-and-political-violence-in-the-united-states-what-the-research-says%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pape-2022-185"><a href="#cite_ref-Pape-2022_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPape2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pape" title="Robert Pape">Pape, Robert</a> (January 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/">"American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021"</a>. cpost.uchicago.edu. University of Chicago, Chicago Project on Security and Threats. Retrieved September 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cpost.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=American+Face+of+Insurrection%3A+Analysis+of+Individuals+Charged+for+Storming+the+US+Capitol+on+January+6%2C+2021&rft.date=2022-01-05&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpost.uchicago.edu%2Fpublications%2Famerican_face_of_insurrection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutenbergBeckerLiptonHaberman2021" class="citation news cs1">Rutenberg, Jim; Becker, Jo; Lipton, Eric; Haberman, Maggie; Martin, Jonathan; Rosenberg, Matthew; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/31/us/trump-election-lie.html">"77 Days: Trump's Campaign to Subvert the Election"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220618170015/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/31/us/trump-election-lie.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=77+Days%3A+Trump%27s+Campaign+to+Subvert+the+Election&rft.date=2021-01-31&rft.aulast=Rutenberg&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Becker%2C+Jo&rft.au=Lipton%2C+Eric&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft.au=Martin%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F31%2Fus%2Ftrump-election-lie.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Multiple_Sources-187"><a href="#cite_ref-Multiple_Sources_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2022" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Michael (2022). "Introduction: History's Rhymes". In Harvey, Michael (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey">Donald Trump in Historical Perspective</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003110361-1">10.4324/9781003110361-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-11036-1"><bdi>978-1-003-11036-1</bdi></a>. <q>As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results. (p3)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+History%27s+Rhymes&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003110361-1&rft.isbn=978-1-003-11036-1&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781003110361-1%2Fintroduction-michael-harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPion-BerlinBruneauGoetze2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Pion-Berlin, David; Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. Jr. (April 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13">"The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations"</a>. Government and Opposition. FirstView (4): 789–806. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13">10.1017/gov.2022.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248033246">248033246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+and+Opposition&rft.atitle=The+Trump+self-coup+attempt%3A+comparisons+and+civil%E2%80%93military+relations&rft.volume=FirstView&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=789-806&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fgov.2022.13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248033246%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pion-Berlin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Bruneau%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Goetze%2C+Richard+B.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fgov.2022.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastañedaJenks2023" class="citation journal cs1">Castañeda, Ernesto; Jenks, Daniel (April 17, 2023). Costa, Bruno Ferreira; Parton, Nigel (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238">"January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States"</a>. Social Sciences. 12 (4). <a href="/wiki/MDPI" title="MDPI">MDPI</a>: 238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238">10.3390/socsci12040238</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-0760">2076-0760</a>. <q>What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=January+6th+and+De-Democratization+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=238&rft.date=2023-04-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fsocsci12040238&rft.issn=2076-0760&rft.aulast=Casta%C3%B1eda&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft.au=Jenks%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fsocsci12040238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenAyerPerryBookbinder2022" class="citation report cs1">Eisen, Norman; Ayer, Donald; Perry, Joshua; Bookbinder, Noah; Perry, E. Danya (June 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/">Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality</a> (Report). Brookings Institution. Retrieved December 16, 2023. <q>[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to – in his own words – "overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021 – an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Trump+on+Trial%3A+A+Guide+to+the+January+6+Hearings+and+the+Question+of+Criminality&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2022-06-06&rft.aulast=Eisen&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Ayer%2C+Donald&rft.au=Perry%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Bookbinder%2C+Noah&rft.au=Perry%2C+E.+Danya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Ftrump-on-trial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><cite>Eastman v Thompson, et al.</cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf"> 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260</a>, 44 (S.D. Cal. May 28, 2022) ("Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower – it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.").</li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2021" class="citation web cs1">Graham, David A. (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/">"This Is a Coup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=This+Is+a+Coup&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2021%2F01%2Fattempted-coup%2F617570%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusgrave2021" class="citation web cs1">Musgrave, Paul (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/">"This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming?"</a>. Foreign Policy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=This+Is+a+Coup.+Why+Were+Experts+So+Reluctant+to+See+It+Coming%3F&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Musgrave&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F01%2F06%2Fcoup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolnit2021" class="citation web cs1">Solnit, Rebecca (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt">"Call it what it was: a coup attempt"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Call+it+what+it+was%3A+a+coup+attempt&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Solnit&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2021%2Fjan%2F06%2Ftrump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2021" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, Justine (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt">"GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=GOP+lawmaker+on+violence+at+Capitol%3A+%27This+is+a+coup+attempt%27&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Justine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2021" class="citation web cs1">Jacobson, Louis (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/">"Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>. Retrieved January 7, 2021. <q>A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Is+this+a+coup%3F+Here%27s+some+history+and+context+to+help+you+decide&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Farticle%2F2021%2Fjan%2F06%2Fcoup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarryFrenkel2021" class="citation news cs1">Barry, Dan; Frenkel, Sheera (January 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html">"'Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Be+There.+Will+Be+Wild%21%27%3A+Trump+All+but+Circled+the+Date&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Frenkel%2C+Sheera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcapitol-mob-trump-supporters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuignan2021" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Duignan, Brian (August 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack">"January 6 U.S. Capitol attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2021. <q>Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=January+6+U.S.+Capitol+attack&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft.aulast=Duignan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FJanuary-6-U-S-Capitol-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-2018-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2018_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2018_188-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2018_188-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2018_188-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2018_188-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/">"The World Factbook: United States"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved November 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook%3A+United+States&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Funited-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_Factbook_Area-189"><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_Factbook_Area_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">"Area"</a>. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html">the original</a> on January 31, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as">"Field Listing: Area"</a>. The World Factbook. cia.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as">the original</a> on July 7, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Field+Listing%3A+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F279.html%23as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlState_Area_Measurements_and_Internal_Point_Coordinates—Geography—U.S._Census_Bureau-191"><a href="#cite_ref-urlState_Area_Measurements_and_Internal_Point_Coordinates—Geography—U.S._Census_Bureau_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html">"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates—Geography—U.S. Census Bureau"</a>. State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved September 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Area+Measurements+and+Internal+Point+Coordinates&rft.atitle=State+Area+Measurements+and+Internal+Point+Coordinates%E2%80%94Geography%E2%80%94U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2010%2Fgeo%2Fstate-area.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/geography/article/geographic-regions-of-georgia">"Geographic Regions of Georgia"</a>. Georgia Info. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Georgia+Info&rft.atitle=Geographic+Regions+of+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu%2Ftopics%2Fgeography%2Farticle%2Fgeographic-regions-of-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAU-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAU_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAU_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLew" class="citation web cs1">Lew, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html">"PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US"</a>. GSP 220—Geography of the United States. North Arizona University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html">the original</a> on April 9, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GSP+220%E2%80%94Geography+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=PHYSICAL+GEOGRAPHY+OF+THE+US&rft.aulast=Lew&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geog.nau.edu%2Fcourses%2Falew%2Fgsp220%2Ftext%2Fchapters%2Fch2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarms" class="citation web cs1">Harms, Nicole. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html">"Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range"</a>. USA Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html">the original</a> on February 12, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Facts+About+the+Rocky+Mountain+Range&rft.aulast=Harms&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Frocky-mountain-range-11967.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinkham1944" class="citation journal cs1">Tinkham, Ernest R. (March 1944). "Biological, Taxonomic and Faunistic Studies on the Shield-Back Katydids of the North American Deserts". <a href="/wiki/The_American_Midland_Naturalist" title="The American Midland Naturalist">The American Midland Naturalist</a>. 31 (2). The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>: 257–328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2421073">10.2307/2421073</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2421073">2421073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Biological%2C+Taxonomic+and+Faunistic+Studies+on+the+Shield-Back+Katydids+of+the+North+American+Deserts&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=257-328&rft.date=1944-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2421073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2421073%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tinkham&rft.aufirst=Ernest+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829">"Mount Whitney, California"</a>. Peakbagger. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Whitney%2C+California&rft.pub=Peakbagger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Fpeak.aspx%3Fpid%3D2829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1">"Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W)"</a>. Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+Distance+and+Azimuths+Between+2+Sets+of+Coordinates+%28Badwater+36-15-01-N%2C+116-49-33-W+and+Mount+Whitney+36-34-43-N%2C+118-17-31-W%29&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransition.fcc.gov%2Ffcc-bin%2Fdistance%3Fdlat%3D36%26mlat%3D15%26slat%3D01%26ns%3D1%26dlon%3D116%26mlon%3D49%26slon%3D33%26ew%3D1%26dlat2%3D36%26mlat2%3D34%26slat2%3D43%26sn%3D1%26dlon2%3D118%26mlon2%3D17%26slon2%3D31%26we%3D1%26iselec%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppick2013" class="citation web cs1">Poppick, Laura (August 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html">"US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained"</a>. LiveScience. Retrieved May 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Tallest+Mountain%27s+Surprising+Location+Explained&rft.pub=LiveScience&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.aulast=Poppick&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hanlon2005" class="citation web cs1">O'Hanlon, Larry (March 14, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html">"America's Explosive Park"</a>. Discovery Channel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2005. Retrieved April 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+Explosive+Park&rft.pub=Discovery+Channel&rft.date=2005-03-14&rft.aulast=O%27Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsc.discovery.com%2Fconvergence%2Fsupervolcano%2Funder%2Funder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations-2023-200"><a href="#cite_ref-Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations-2023_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en">World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023</a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060%2Fcc8166en">10.4060/cc8166en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-138262-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-138262-2"><bdi>978-92-5-138262-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved December 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Food+and+Agriculture+%E2%80%93+Statistical+Yearbook+2023&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4060%2Fcc8166en&rft.isbn=978-92-5-138262-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcard%2Fen%3Fdetails%3Dcc8166en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyden" class="citation web cs1">Boyden, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html">"Climate Regions of the United States"</a>. USA Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html">the original</a> on February 12, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Climate+Regions+of+the+United+States&rft.aulast=Boyden&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Fclimate-regions-united-states-21570.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf">"World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 26, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Map+of+K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger+Climate+Classification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkoeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at%2Fpdf%2Fkottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins,_Sid2002" class="citation news cs1">Perkins, Sid (May 11, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp">"Tornado Alley, USA"</a>. Science News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp">the original</a> on July 1, 2007. Retrieved September 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Tornado+Alley%2C+USA&rft.date=2002-05-11&rft.au=Perkins%2C+Sid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticles%2F20020511%2Fbob9.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice" class="citation web cs1">Rice, Doyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/">"USA has the world's most extreme weather"</a>. USA Today. Retrieved May 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=USA+has+the+world%27s+most+extreme+weather&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fweather%2F2013%2F05%2F16%2Fextreme-weather-north-america%2F2162501%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorenstein2023" class="citation web cs1">Borenstein, Seth (April 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes">"Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes"</a>. PBS News. Retrieved June 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+News&rft.atitle=Why+the+U.S.+is+leading+the+world+in+extreme+weather+catastrophes&rft.date=2023-04-02&rft.aulast=Borenstein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fscience%2Fwhy-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_EPA2016" class="citation web cs1">US EPA, OAR (June 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate">"Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate"</a>. Epa.gov. Retrieved June 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epa.gov&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Indicators%3A+Weather+and+Climate&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft.aulast=US+EPA&rft.aufirst=OAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fclimate-indicators%2Fweather-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldronLustgarten" class="citation web cs1">Waldron, Lucas; Lustgarten, Abrahm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there">"Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There"</a>. Propublica. Rhodium Group. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Propublica&rft.atitle=Climate+Change+Will+Make+Parts+of+the+U.S.+Uninhabitable.+Americans+Are+Still+Moving+There.&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft.au=Lustgarten%2C+Abrahm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Fclimate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDougall2004-208"><a href="#cite_ref-McDougall2004_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2004" class="citation book cs1">McDougall, Len (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9XOc2_u7z6cC&pg=PA325">The Encyclopedia of Tracks and Scats: A Comprehensive Guide to the Trackable Animals of the United States and Canada</a>. Lyons Press. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-070-4"><bdi>978-1-59228-070-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Tracks+and+Scats%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+to+the+Trackable+Animals+of+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59228-070-4&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Len&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9XOc2_u7z6cC%26pg%3DPA325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorin,_Nancy" class="citation web cs1">Morin, Nancy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf">"Vascular Plants of the United States"</a> (PDF). Plants. National Biological Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 24, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants&rft.atitle=Vascular+Plants+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Morin%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fungaljungal.org%2Fpapers%2FNational_Biological_Service.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Current_Results_#_of_native_species_in_the_US-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Current_Results_#_of_native_species_in_the_US_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborn" class="citation web cs1">Osborn, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php">"Number of Native Species in United States"</a>. Current Results Nexus. Retrieved January 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+Native+Species+in+United+States&rft.pub=Current+Results+Nexus&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.currentresults.com%2FEnvironment-Facts%2FPlants-Animals%2Fnumber-of-native-species-in-united-states.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm">"Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals)"</a>. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved January 20, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numbers+of+Insects+%28Species+and+Individuals%29&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2FEncyclopedia_SI%2Fnmnh%2Fbuginfo%2Fbugnos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/">"National Park FAQ"</a>. nps. National Park Service. Retrieved May 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nps&rft.atitle=National+Park+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fnational-park-system.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes_Federal_Land-213"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_Federal_Land_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptonKrauss2012" class="citation news cs1">Lipton, Eric; Krauss, Clifford (August 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0">"Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Giving+Reins+to+the+States+Over+Drilling&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Krauss%2C+Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F24%2Fus%2Fromney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html%3Fpagewanted%3D2%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKLeg_CRS_Federal_Land-214"><a href="#cite_ref-AKLeg_CRS_Federal_Land_214-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincentHansonArgueta2017" class="citation report cs1">Vincent, Carol H.; Hanson, Laura A.; Argueta, Carla N. (March 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224">Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data</a> (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 2. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Federal+Land+Ownership%3A+Overview+and+Data&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=Carol+H.&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Laura+A.&rft.au=Argueta%2C+Carla+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akleg.gov%2Fbasis%2Fget_documents.asp%3Fsession%3D31%26docid%3D47224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Federal_Land_Ownership-215"><a href="#cite_ref-Federal_Land_Ownership_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorteVincentHansonMarc_R." class="citation web cs1">Gorte, Ross W.; Vincent, Carol Hardy.; Hanson, Laura A.; Marc R., Rosenblum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf">"Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data"</a> (PDF). fas.org. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved January 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft.atitle=Federal+Land+Ownership%3A+Overview+and+Data&rft.aulast=Gorte&rft.aufirst=Ross+W.&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Carol+Hardy.&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Laura+A.&rft.au=Marc+R.%2C+Rosenblum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FR42346.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fed_Land_Uses-216"><a href="#cite_ref-Fed_Land_Uses_216-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm">"Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development"</a>. doi.gov. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm">the original</a> on March 18, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=doi.gov&rft.atitle=Chapter+6%3A+Federal+Programs+to+Promote+Resource+Use%2C+Extraction%2C+and+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fpmb%2Foepc%2Fwetlands2%2Fv2ch6.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_National_Atlas_of_the_United_States_of_America2013" class="citation web cs1">The National Atlas of the United States of America (January 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html">"Forest Resources of the United States"</a>. Nationalatlas.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html">the original</a> on May 7, 2009. Retrieved January 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forest+Resources+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Nationalatlas.gov&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft.au=The+National+Atlas+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalatlas.gov%2Farticles%2Fbiology%2Fa_forest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf">"Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050"</a> (PDF). 2003. Retrieved January 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Use+Changes+Involving+Forestry+in+the+United+States%3A+1952+to+1997%2C+With+Projections+to+2050&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fpnw%2Fpubs%2Fgtr587.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <a href="#Daynes">Daynes & Sussman, 2010</a>, pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78 </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> Hays, Samuel P. (2000). A History of Environmental Politics since 1945. </li> <li id="cite_note-Collin2006-221"><a href="#cite_ref-Collin2006_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollin2006" class="citation book cs1">Collin, Robert W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVPoqXeTYTwC&pg=PA1">The Environmental Protection Agency: Cleaning Up America's Act</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33341-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33341-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33341-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Environmental+Protection+Agency%3A+Cleaning+Up+America%27s+Act&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33341-5&rft.aulast=Collin&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVPoqXeTYTwC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Turner, James Morton (2012). The Promise of Wilderness, pp. 29–32 </li> <li id="cite_note-Office-223"><a href="#cite_ref-Office_223-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1">Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service</a>. General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing. 2003. pp. 1–3, 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-3997-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4289-3997-4"><bdi>978-1-4289-3997-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Endangered+species+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft.pages=1-3%2C+42&rft.pub=General+Accounting+Office%2C+Diane+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da8BEuUPJb58C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI">"Environmental Performance Index"</a>. epi.yale.edu. July 10, 2024. Retrieved July 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epi.yale.edu&rft.atitle=Environmental+Performance+Index&rft.date=2024-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepi.yale.edu%2Fmeasure%2F2024%2FEPI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climateaction.unfccc.int/views/country.html?country=US">"United States of America"</a>. Global Climate Action – NAZCA. United Nations. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Climate+Action+%E2%80%93+NAZCA&rft.atitle=United+States+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimateaction.unfccc.int%2Fviews%2Fcountry.html%3Fcountry%3DUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnuf2010xvii-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnuf2010xvii_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOnuf2010">Onuf 2010</a>, p. xvii. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesjardins2019" class="citation web cs1">Desjardins, Jeff (August 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/">"Mapped: The world's oldest democracies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Mapped%3A+The+world%27s+oldest+democracies&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2019%2F08%2Fcountries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2000" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, David (2000). Ryan, David; Pungong, Victor (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780333977958">The United States and Decolonization</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780333977958">10.1057/9780333977958</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F72726">1887/72726</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-40644-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-40644-9"><bdi>978-1-349-40644-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+Decolonization&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F72726&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780333977958&rft.isbn=978-1-349-40644-9&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1057%2F9780333977958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scheb-229"><a href="#cite_ref-Scheb_229-0">^</a> Scheb, John M.; Scheb, John M. II (2002). An Introduction to the American Legal System. Florence, KY: Delmar, p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7668-2759-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7668-2759-2">978-0-7668-2759-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillian,_Johnny_H._Ed" class="citation web cs1">Killian, Johnny H. Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm">"Constitution of the United States"</a>. The Office of the Secretary of the Senate. Retrieved February 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=The+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+the+Senate&rft.au=Killian%2C+Johnny+H.+Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fcivics%2Fconstitution_item%2Fconstitution.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm">"The Legislative Branch"</a>. United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany. Retrieved August 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legislative+Branch&rft.pub=United+States+Diplomatic+Mission+to+Germany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.usembassy.de%2Fgovernment-legislative.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm">"The Process for impeachment"</a>. ThinkQuest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm">the original</a> on April 8, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Process+for+impeachment&rft.pub=ThinkQuest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F25673%2Fprocess.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives">"The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article)"</a>. Khan Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khan+Academy&rft.atitle=The+Senate+and+the+House+of+Representatives%3A+lesson+overview+%28article%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fhumanities%2Fus-government-and-civics%2Fus-gov-interactions-among-branches%2Fus-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives%2Fa%2Flesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tws2010Sep11t11-234"><a href="#cite_ref-tws2010Sep11t11_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_S._Broder2007" class="citation news cs1">David S. Broder (March 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/16/AR2007031601989.html">"Congress's Oversight Offensive"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501115602/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/16/AR2007031601989.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Congress%27s+Oversight+Offensive&rft.date=2007-03-18&rft.au=David+S.+Broder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F03%2F16%2FAR2007031601989.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tws2010Sep11t13-235"><a href="#cite_ref-tws2010Sep11t13_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Ferraro2007" class="citation news cs1">Thomas Ferraro (April 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425">"House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=House+committee+subpoenas+Rice+on+Iraq&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft.au=Thomas+Ferraro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSN2518728220070425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/">"The Executive Branch"</a>. The White House. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=The+Executive+Branch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fabout-the-white-house%2Four-government%2Fthe-executive-branch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350">"Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 | Constitution Center"</a>. National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Constitution+Center+%E2%80%93+constitutioncenter.org&rft.atitle=Interpretation%3A+Article+II%2C+Section+1%2C+Clauses+2+and+3+%7C+Constitution+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitutioncenter.org%2Fthe-constitution%2Farticles%2Farticle-ii%2Fclauses%2F350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FedJud-239">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FedJud_239-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FedJud_239-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallMcGuire2005" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Kermit L.; McGuire, Kevin T. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6rWCaMAdUzgC">Institutions of American Democracy: The Judicial Branch</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988374-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988374-5"><bdi>978-0-19-988374-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutions+of+American+Democracy%3A+The+Judicial+Branch&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988374-5&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Kermit+L.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+Kevin+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6rWCaMAdUzgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services2013" class="citation book cs1">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8X1CzvBXHksC&pg=PA4">Learn about the United States: Quick Civics Lessons for the Naturalization Test</a>. Government Printing Office. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-091708-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-091708-0"><bdi>978-0-16-091708-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learn+about+the+United+States%3A+Quick+Civics+Lessons+for+the+Naturalization+Test&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-16-091708-0&rft.au=U.S.+Citizenship+and+Immigration+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8X1CzvBXHksC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiddens-White2005" class="citation book cs1">Giddens-White, Bryon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mbZw3bJsWtUC">The Supreme Court and the Judicial Branch</a>. Heinemann Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4034-6608-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4034-6608-2"><bdi>978-1-4034-6608-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Court+and+the+Judicial+Branch&rft.pub=Heinemann+Library&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4034-6608-2&rft.aulast=Giddens-White&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmbZw3bJsWtUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelden2007" class="citation book cs1">Zelden, Charles L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/judicialbranchof0000zeld">The Judicial Branch of Federal Government: People, Process, and Politics</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-702-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-702-9"><bdi>978-1-85109-702-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Judicial+Branch+of+Federal+Government%3A+People%2C+Process%2C+and+Politics&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-702-9&rft.aulast=Zelden&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjudicialbranchof0000zeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/FederalCourts.aspx">"Federal Courts"</a>. United States Courts. Retrieved October 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Courts&rft.pub=United+States+Courts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscourts.gov%2FFederalCourts.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCossack2000" class="citation news cs1">Cossack, Roger (July 13, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12">"Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/">the original</a> on July 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Beyond+politics%3A+Why+Supreme+Court+justices+are+appointed+for+life&rft.date=2000-07-13&rft.aulast=Cossack&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FLAW%2F07%2Fcolumns%2Fcossack.scotus.07.12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sundquist-241"><a href="#cite_ref-Sundquist_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundquist1997" class="citation book cs1">Sundquist, James L. (1997). "The U.S. Presidential System as a Model for the World". In Baaklini, Abdo I.; Desfosses, Helen (eds.). Designs for Democratic Stability: Studies in Viable Constitutionalism. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 53–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0765600528" title="Special:BookSources/0765600528"><bdi>0765600528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+Presidential+System+as+a+Model+for+the+World&rft.btitle=Designs+for+Democratic+Stability%3A+Studies+in+Viable+Constitutionalism&rft.pages=53-72&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0765600528&rft.aulast=Sundquist&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hofstadter-1969-iv-242"><a href="#cite_ref-Hofstadter-1969-iv_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofstadter1969" class="citation book cs1">Hofstadter, Richard (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wG5rCKm8SmAC&q=%E2%80%9Cdid+not+believe+in+parties+as+such,+scorned+those+that+they+were+conscious+of+as+historical+models%22">The Idea of a Party System : The Rise of Legitimate Opposition in the United States, 1780-1840</a>. University of California Press. p. iv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520013896" title="Special:BookSources/9780520013896"><bdi>9780520013896</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Idea+of+a+Party+System+%3A+The+Rise+of+Legitimate+Opposition+in+the+United+States%2C+1780-1840&rft.pages=iv&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780520013896&rft.aulast=Hofstadter&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwG5rCKm8SmAC%26q%3D%25E2%2580%259Cdid%2Bnot%2Bbelieve%2Bin%2Bparties%2Bas%2Bsuch%2C%2Bscorned%2Bthose%2Bthat%2Bthey%2Bwere%2Bconscious%2Bof%2Bas%2Bhistorical%2Bmodels%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake-2021-243"><a href="#cite_ref-Blake-2021_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2021" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Aaron (November 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/27/why-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics/">"Why are there only two parties in American politics?"</a>. Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+are+there+only+two+parties+in+American+politics%3F&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F04%2F27%2Fwhy-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Levendusky" title="Matthew Levendusky">Matthew Levendusky</a>, The Partisan Sort: How Liberals Became Democrats and Conservatives Became Republicans (U Chicago Press, 2009) </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2011" class="citation web cs1">Levy, Robert A. (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism#">"Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism"</a>. Cato Institute. Retrieved January 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cato+Institute&rft.atitle=Rights%2C+Powers%2C+Dual+Sovereignty%2C+and+Federalism&rft.date=2011-10&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fpolicy-report%2Fseptember%2Foctober-2011%2Frights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101">§ 1101</a>(a)(36) and <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101">§ 1101</a>(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act. <a href="/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code">8 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8/1101a">§ 1101a</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldstein2017" class="citation journal cs1">Feldstein, Martin (March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23221">"Why is Growth Better in the United States Than in Other Industrial Countries?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a>. Cambridge, MA. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw23221">10.3386/w23221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Bureau+of+Economic+Research&rft.atitle=Why+is+Growth+Better+in+the+United+States+Than+in+Other+Industrial+Countries%3F&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw23221&rft.aulast=Feldstein&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3386%2Fw23221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bia.gov/faqs/what-federal-indian-reservation#:~:text=There%20are%20approximately%20326%20Indian,%2C%20communities%2C%20etc.).">"What is a federal Indian reservation?"</a>. bia.gov. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a>. August 19, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bia.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+a+federal+Indian+reservation%3F&rft.date=2017-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bia.gov%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-federal-indian-reservation%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThere%2520are%2520approximately%2520326%2520Indian%2C%252C%2520communities%252C%2520etc.%29.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/current-members">"Current Members"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Security+Council&rft.atitle=Current+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsecuritycouncil%2Fcontent%2Fcurrent-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"United Nations Headquarters Agreement". The American Journal of International Law. 42 (2). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 445–447. April 1948. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2193692">10.2307/2193692</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2193692">2193692</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246008694">246008694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Headquarters+Agreement&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=445-447&rft.date=1948-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246008694%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2193692%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2193692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed">"Where is the G7 Headed?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>. New York City. June 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=Where+is+the+G7+Headed%3F&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Fwhere-g7-headed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-g20-building-a-more-peaceful-stable-and-prosperous-world-together/">"The United States and G20: Building a More Peaceful, Stable, and Prosperous World Together"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. July 6, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=The+United+States+and+G20%3A+Building+a+More+Peaceful%2C+Stable%2C+and+Prosperous+World+Together&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fthe-united-states-and-g20-building-a-more-peaceful-stable-and-prosperous-world-together%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/about/members-and-partners/">"Our global reach"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OECD&rft.atitle=Our+global+reach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fabout%2Fmembers-and-partners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFialhoWallin2013" class="citation report cs1">Fialho, Livia Pontes; Wallin, Matthew (August 1, 2013). Reaching for an Audience: U.S. Public Diplomacy Towards Iran (Report). American Security Project. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep06070">resrep06070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Reaching+for+an+Audience%3A+U.S.+Public+Diplomacy+Towards+Iran&rft.pub=American+Security+Project&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fresrep06070%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fialho&rft.aufirst=Livia+Pontes&rft.au=Wallin%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverGraham2017" class="citation news cs1">Oliver, Alex; Graham, Euan (December 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42351336">"Which are the countries still talking to North Korea?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. London. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Which+are+the+countries+still+talking+to+North+Korea%3F&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Graham%2C+Euan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-42351336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerraro2014" class="citation news cs1">Ferraro, Matthew F. (December 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/the-case-for-a-stronger-bhutanese-american-relationship/">"The Case for Stronger Bhutanese-American Ties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a>. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=The+Case+for+Stronger+Bhutanese-American+Ties&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=Matthew+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2014%2F12%2Fthe-case-for-a-stronger-bhutanese-american-relationship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3194126/us-will-continue-strengthen-unofficial-ties-taiwan-vice">"US will continue to strengthen 'unofficial ties' with Taiwan, says Harris"</a>. South China Morning Post. September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=US+will+continue+to+strengthen+%27unofficial+ties%27+with+Taiwan%2C+says+Harris&rft.date=2022-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fdiplomacy%2Farticle%2F3194126%2Fus-will-continue-strengthen-unofficial-ties-taiwan-vice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuwitch2020" class="citation news cs1">Ruwitch, John (September 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/09/22/915818283/formal-ties-with-u-s-not-for-now-says-taiwan-foreign-minister">"Formal Ties With U.S.? Not For Now, Says Taiwan Foreign Minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Formal+Ties+With+U.S.%3F+Not+For+Now%2C+Says+Taiwan+Foreign+Minister&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.aulast=Ruwitch&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F09%2F22%2F915818283%2Fformal-ties-with-u-s-not-for-now-says-taiwan-foreign-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kobara-259"><a href="#cite_ref-kobara_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobaraMoriyasu2021" class="citation news cs1">Kobara, Junnosuke; Moriyasu, Ken (March 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Japan-will-turn-to-Quad-in-new-Cold-War-Defense-Ministry-think-tank">"Japan will turn to Quad in 'nealsow Cold War': Defense Ministry think tank"</a>. Nikkei Asia. Retrieved April 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Japan+will+turn+to+Quad+in+%27nealsow+Cold+War%27%3A+Defense+Ministry+think+tank&rft.date=2021-03-27&rft.aulast=Kobara&rft.aufirst=Junnosuke&rft.au=Moriyasu%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FInternational-relations%2FJapan-will-turn-to-Quad-in-new-Cold-War-Defense-Ministry-think-tank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumbrellSchäfer2009" class="citation book cs1">Dumbrell, John; Schäfer, Axel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLy-NKnQitIC&q=uk+us+special+relationship&pg=PA45">America's 'Special Relationships': Foreign and Domestic Aspects of the Politics of Alliance</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87270-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-87270-3"><bdi>978-0-203-87270-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+%27Special+Relationships%27%3A+Foreign+and+Domestic+Aspects+of+the+Politics+of+Alliance&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-203-87270-3&rft.aulast=Dumbrell&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Sch%C3%A4fer%2C+Axel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLy-NKnQitIC%26q%3Duk%2Bus%2Bspecial%2Brelationship%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEk,_CarlFergusson2010" class="citation web cs1">Ek, Carl & Fergusson, Ian F. (September 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf">"Canada–U.S. Relations"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%E2%80%93U.S.+Relations&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.au=Ek%2C+Carl&rft.au=Fergusson%2C+Ian+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2F96-397.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn,_Bruce2008" class="citation book cs1">Vaughn, Bruce (August 8, 2008). Australia: Background and U.S. Relations. Congressional Research Service. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70208969">70208969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70208969&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn,_Bruce2011" class="citation web cs1">Vaughn, Bruce (May 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf">"New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%3A+Background+and+Bilateral+Relations+with+the+United+States&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL32876.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLum,_Thomas2011" class="citation web cs1">Lum, Thomas (January 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf">"The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+the+Philippines+and+U.S.+Interests&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2011-01-03&rft.au=Lum%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL33233.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanlett-Avery,_Emma2011" class="citation web cs1">Chanlett-Avery, Emma; et al. (June 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf">"Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan-U.S.+Relations%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2011-06-08&rft.au=Chanlett-Avery%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL33436.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManyinChanlett-AveryNikitin2011" class="citation web cs1">Manyin, Mark E.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Nikitin, Mary Beth (July 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf">"U.S.–South Korea Relations: Issues for Congress"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.%E2%80%93South+Korea+Relations%3A+Issues+for+Congress&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2011-07-08&rft.aulast=Manyin&rft.aufirst=Mark+E.&rft.au=Chanlett-Avery%2C+Emma&rft.au=Nikitin%2C+Mary+Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FR41481.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanotti,_Jim2014" class="citation web cs1">Zanotti, Jim (July 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf">"Israel: Background and U.S. Relations"</a> (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved September 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Background+and+U.S.+Relations&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2014-07-31&rft.au=Zanotti%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmideast%2FRL33476.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-poland/">"U.S. Relations With Poland"</a>. State.gov. January 20, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Relations+With+Poland&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fu-s-relations-with-poland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimer2019" class="citation news cs1">Kimer, James (September 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/untapped-potential-us-colombia-partnership/">"The Untapped Potential of the US-Colombia Partnership"</a>. Atlantic Council. Retrieved May 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=The+Untapped+Potential+of+the+US-Colombia+Partnership&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Kimer&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fin-depth-research-reports%2Freport%2Funtapped-potential-us-colombia-partnership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf">"INDO- PACIFIC STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES"</a> (PDF). White House. Retrieved February 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INDO-+PACIFIC+STRATEGY+OF+THE+UNITED+STATES&rft.pub=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F02%2FU.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeidan2019" class="citation report cs1">Meidan, Michal (July 1, 2019). US-China: The Great Decoupling (Report). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Institute_for_Energy_Studies" title="Oxford Institute for Energy Studies">Oxford Institute for Energy Studies</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33982">resrep33982</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=US-China%3A+The+Great+Decoupling&rft.pub=Oxford+Institute+for+Energy+Studies&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fresrep33982%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Meidan&rft.aufirst=Michal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBala2023" class="citation web cs1">Bala, Sumathi (March 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/28/us-china-ties-on-dangerous-path-with-no-trust-on-both-sides-roach-cohen.html">"U.S.-China relations are going downhill with 'no trust' on either side, Stephen Roach says"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved May 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-China+relations+are+going+downhill+with+%27no+trust%27+on+either+side%2C+Stephen+Roach+says&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft.aulast=Bala&rft.aufirst=Sumathi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2023%2F03%2F28%2Fus-china-ties-on-dangerous-path-with-no-trust-on-both-sides-roach-cohen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumerSokolsky2019" class="citation news cs1">Rumer, Eugene; Sokolsky, Richard (June 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/06/20/thirty-years-of-u.s.-policy-toward-russia-can-vicious-circle-be-broken-pub-79323">"Thirty Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=Thirty+Years+of+U.S.+Policy+Toward+Russia%3A+Can+the+Vicious+Circle+Be+Broken%3F&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft.aulast=Rumer&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Sokolsky%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Fthirty-years-of-u.s.-policy-toward-russia-can-vicious-circle-be-broken-pub-79323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacias2022" class="citation web cs1">Macias, Amanda (June 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/17/russia-ukraine-war-summary-of-weapons-us-has-given-to-ukraine.html">"Here's a look at the $5.6 billion in firepower the U.S. has committed to Ukraine in its fight against Russia"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved September 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%27s+a+look+at+the+%245.6+billion+in+firepower+the+U.S.+has+committed+to+Ukraine+in+its+fight+against+Russia&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F06%2F17%2Frussia-ukraine-war-summary-of-weapons-us-has-given-to-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/about/our-forces">"Our Forces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Forces&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fabout%2Four-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay2021" class="citation web cs1">Lindsay, James M. (August 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/happy-231st-birthday-united-states-coast-guard">"Happy 231st Birthday to the United States Coast Guard!"</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>. Retrieved July 16, 2022. <q>During peacetime it is part of the Department of Homeland Security. During wartime, or when the president or Congress so direct, it becomes part of the Department of Defense and is included in the Department of the Navy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+231st+Birthday+to+the+United+States+Coast+Guard%21&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fblog%2Fhappy-231st-birthday-united-states-coast-guard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIPRI-2020-277"><a href="#cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/2404_fs_milex_2023.pdf#page=2">"Trends in Military Expenditure 2023"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. April 2024. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+Military+Expenditure+2023&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2024-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-04%2F2404_fs_milex_2023.pdf%23page%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/Data%20for%20all%20countries%20from%201988%E2%80%932020%20in%20constant%20%282019%29%20USD%20%28pdf%29.pdf">"Data for all countries from 1988–2020 in constant (2019) USD (pdf)"</a> (PDF). SIPRI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428180002/https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/Data%20for%20all%20countries%20from%201988%E2%80%932020%20in%20constant%20(2019)%20USD%20(pdf).pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+for+all+countries+from+1988%E2%80%932020+in+constant+%282019%29+USD+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=SIPRI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FData%2520for%2520all%2520countries%2520from%25201988%25E2%2580%25932020%2520in%2520constant%2520%25282019%2529%2520USD%2520%2528pdf%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute-2024-279"><a href="#cite_ref-Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute-2024_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2024/role-nuclear-weapons-grows-geopolitical-relations-deteriorate-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now">"Role of nuclear weapons grows as geopolitical relations deteriorate—new SIPRI Yearbook out now | SIPRI"</a>. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. June 17, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Role+of+nuclear+weapons+grows+as+geopolitical+relations+deteriorate%E2%80%94new+SIPRI+Yearbook+out+now+%7C+SIPRI&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fmedia%2Fpress-release%2F2024%2Frole-nuclear-weapons-grows-geopolitical-relations-deteriorate-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2023" class="citation book cs1">Hackett, James (2023). The military balance. 2023. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1032508955" title="Special:BookSources/978-1032508955"><bdi>978-1032508955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+military+balance.+2023&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1032508955&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2015" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Johnny (May 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924114313/https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states">"Why does the US have 800 military bases around the world?"</a>. Vox. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states">the original</a> on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Why+does+the+US+have+800+military+bases+around+the+world%3F&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F5%2F18%2F8600659%2Fmilitary-bases-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211511/https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf">"Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A)"</a> (PDF). Department of Defense. March 31, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 24, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Active+Duty+Military+Personnel+Strengths+by+Regional+Area+and+by+Country+%28309A%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2010-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiadapp.dmdc.osd.mil%2Fpersonnel%2FMILITARY%2Fhistory%2Fhst1003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statedefenseforce.com/">"StateDefenseForce.com"</a>. StateDefenseForce.com. September 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StateDefenseForce.com&rft.atitle=StateDefenseForce.com&rft.date=2024-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatedefenseforce.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgaus.org/">"State Guard Association of the United States – Supporting the State Defense Forces of the United States"</a>. sgaus.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sgaus.org&rft.atitle=State+Guard+Association+of+the+United+States+%E2%80%93+Supporting+the+State+Defense+Forces+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsgaus.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/32/109">"32 U.S. Code § 109 - Maintenance of other troops"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=32+U.S.+Code+%C2%A7+109+-+Maintenance+of+other+troops&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F32%2F109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521130934/http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx">"Legal Basis of the National Guard"</a>. Army National Guard. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx">the original</a> on May 21, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Basis+of+the+National+Guard&rft.pub=Army+National+Guard&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arng.army.mil%2Faboutus%2Fhistory%2FPages%2FConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanksHendrixHickman2016" class="citation journal cs1">Banks, Duren; Hendrix, Joshua; Hickman, Mathhew (October 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/nsleed.pdf">"National Sources of Law Enforcement Employment Data"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a>: 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=National+Sources+of+Law+Enforcement+Employment+Data&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2016-10-04&rft.aulast=Banks&rft.aufirst=Duren&rft.au=Hendrix%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Hickman%2C+Mathhew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbjs.ojp.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpub%2Fpdf%2Fnsleed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm">"U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do"</a>. Chiff.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm">the original</a> on February 10, 2014. Retrieved November 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Federal+Law+Enforcement+Agencies%2C+Who+Governs+%26+What+They+Do&rft.pub=Chiff.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiff.com%2Fpolice%2Ffederal-police-agencies.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManweller2006" class="citation book cs1">Manweller, Mathew (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ong5k8n97P4C&pg=PA55">"Chapter 2, The Roles, Functions, and Powers of State Courts"</a>. In Hogan, Sean O. (ed.). The Judicial Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp. 37–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-751-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-751-7"><bdi>978-1-85109-751-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%2C+The+Roles%2C+Functions%2C+and+Powers+of+State+Courts&rft.btitle=The+Judicial+Branch+of+State+Government%3A+People%2C+Process%2C+and+Politics&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=37-96&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-751-7&rft.aulast=Manweller&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dong5k8n97P4C%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts">"Introduction To The Federal Court System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. November 7, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Attorney&rft.atitle=Introduction+To+The+Federal+Court+System&rft.date=2014-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fusao%2Fjustice-101%2Ffederal-courts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sawyer-2023-291">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sawyer-2023_291-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sawyer-2023_291-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyerWagner2023" class="citation web cs1">Sawyer, Wendy; Wagner, Peter (July 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2023.html">"Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2023"</a>. Prison Policy Initiative. Retrieved August 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prison+Policy+Initiative&rft.atitle=Mass+Incarceration%3A+The+Whole+Pie+2023&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prisonpolicy.org%2Freports%2Fpie2023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Academies_Press-2014-292">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Academies_Press-2014_292-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Academies_Press-2014_292-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Academies_Press-2014_292-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Academies_Press-2014_292-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18613">The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences</a>. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. April 24, 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F18613">10.17226/18613</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-29801-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-29801-8"><bdi>978-0-309-29801-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Incarceration+in+the+United+States%3A+Exploring+Causes+and+Consequences&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F18613&rft.isbn=978-0-309-29801-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F18613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoundation2020" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, The Annie E. Casey (November 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aecf.org/blog/what-is-juvenile-detention">"Juvenile Detention Explained"</a>. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Retrieved July 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Annie+E.+Casey+Foundation&rft.atitle=Juvenile+Detention+Explained&rft.date=2020-11-14&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=The+Annie+E.+Casey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aecf.org%2Fblog%2Fwhat-is-juvenile-detention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america">United States of America</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Prison_Brief" title="World Prison Brief">World Prison Brief</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-WorldPrisonBrief-295"><a href="#cite_ref-WorldPrisonBrief_295-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest">Highest to Lowest</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Prison_Brief" title="World Prison Brief">World Prison Brief</a> (WPB). Use the dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region or the whole world. Use the menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in WPB tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed information for each country click on any country name in lists. See the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief-data">WPB main data page</a> and click on the map links or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired. </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrinshteynHemenway2016" class="citation journal cs1">Grinshteyn, Erin; Hemenway, David (March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/fulltext">"Violent Death Rates: The US Compared with Other High-income OECD Countries, 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The American Journal of Medicine">The American Journal of Medicine</a>. 129 (3): 226–273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2015.10.025">10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.025</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26551975">26551975</a>. Retrieved June 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Violent+Death+Rates%3A+The+US+Compared+with+Other+High-income+OECD+Countries%2C+2010&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=226-273&rft.date=2016-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2015.10.025&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26551975&rft.aulast=Grinshteyn&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.au=Hemenway%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amjmed.com%2Farticle%2FS0002-9343%2815%2901030-X%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-federalreserve.gov-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-federalreserve.gov_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-federalreserve.gov_297-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf">"The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere"</a> (PDF). Retrieved August 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Implementation+of+Monetary+Policy+%E2%80%93+The+Federal+Reserve+in+the+International+Sphere&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Fpf%2Fpdf%2Fpf_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordham2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fordham, Benjamin (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x17000116">"Protectionist Empire: Trade, Tariffs, and United States Foreign Policy, 1890–1914"</a>. Studies in American Political Development. 31 (2): 170–192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0898588x17000116">10.1017/s0898588x17000116</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0898-588X">0898-588X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148917255">148917255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+American+Political+Development&rft.atitle=Protectionist+Empire%3A+Trade%2C+Tariffs%2C+and+United+States+Foreign+Policy%2C+1890%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=170-192&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148917255%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0898-588X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0898588x17000116&rft.aulast=Fordham&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0898588x17000116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-2023-299"><a href="#cite_ref-IMF-2023_299-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDP_R,NGDP_RPCH,NGDP,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDP_D,NGDPRPC,NGDPRPPPPC,NGDPPC,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,NGAP_NPGDP,PPPSH,PPPEX,NID_NGDP,NGSD_NGDP,PCPI,PCPIPCH,PCPIE,PCPIEPCH,FLIBOR6,TM_RPCH,TMG_RPCH,TX_RPCH,TXG_RPCH,LUR,LE,LP,GGR,GGR_NGDP,GGX,GGX_NGDP,GGXCNL,GGXCNL_NGDP,GGSB,GGSB_NPGDP,GGXONLB,GGXONLB_NGDP,GGXWDN,GGXWDN_NGDP,GGXWDG,GGXWDG_NGDP,NGDP_FY,BCA,BCA_NGDPD,&sy=2021&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. Imf.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D111%2C%26s%3DNGDP_R%2CNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDP%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDP_D%2CNGDPRPC%2CNGDPRPPPPC%2CNGDPPC%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CNGAP_NPGDP%2CPPPSH%2CPPPEX%2CNID_NGDP%2CNGSD_NGDP%2CPCPI%2CPCPIPCH%2CPCPIE%2CPCPIEPCH%2CFLIBOR6%2CTM_RPCH%2CTMG_RPCH%2CTX_RPCH%2CTXG_RPCH%2CLUR%2CLE%2CLP%2CGGR%2CGGR_NGDP%2CGGX%2CGGX_NGDP%2CGGXCNL%2CGGXCNL_NGDP%2CGGSB%2CGGSB_NPGDP%2CGGXONLB%2CGGXONLB_NGDP%2CGGXWDN%2CGGXWDN_NGDP%2CGGXWDG%2CGGXWDG_NGDP%2CNGDP_FY%2CBCA%2CBCA_NGDPD%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2023%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagopian-300"><a href="#cite_ref-Hagopian_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagopianOhanian2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hagopian, Kip; Ohanian, Lee (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012353/https://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/123566">"The Mismeasure of Inequality"</a>. Policy Review (174). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/123566">the original</a> on December 3, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Review&rft.atitle=The+Mismeasure+of+Inequality&rft.issue=174&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Hagopian&rft.aufirst=Kip&rft.au=Ohanian%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoover.org%2Fpublications%2Fpolicy-review%2Farticle%2F123566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and">"Gross Domestic Product, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022 (Third Estimate), GDP by Industry, and Corporate Profits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+Domestic+Product%2C+Fourth+Quarter+and+Year+2022+%28Third+Estimate%29%2C+GDP+by+Industry%2C+and+Corporate+Profits&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fnews%2F2023%2Fgross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-disposable-income.htm">"Household disposable income"</a>. OECD Data.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OECD+Data&rft.atitle=Household+disposable+income&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Fhha%2Fhousehold-disposable-income.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2024" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Michelle (March 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/01/the-us-national-debt-is-rising-by-1-trillion-about-every-100-days.html">"The U.S. national debt is rising by $1 trillion about every 100 days"</a>. CNBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+national+debt+is+rising+by+%241+trillion+about+every+100+days&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F03%2F01%2Fthe-us-national-debt-is-rising-by-1-trillion-about-every-100-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8884389l35o">"Microsoft back as most valuable listed company as Nvidia slips"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. June 21, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Microsoft+back+as+most+valuable+listed+company+as+Nvidia+slips&rft.date=2024-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc8884389l35o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fortune-2022-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Fortune-2022_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/">"Global 500"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a>. Retrieved August 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune+Global+500&rft.atitle=Global+500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Franking%2Fglobal500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyam2023" class="citation web cs1">Hyam, Benji (November 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.growandconvert.com/research/most-profitable-fortune-500-companies-in-2023/">"Most Profitable Companies: U.S. vs. Rest of the World, 2023"</a>. www.growandconvert.com. Retrieved July 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.growandconvert.com&rft.atitle=Most+Profitable+Companies%3A+U.S.+vs.+Rest+of+the+World%2C+2023&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.aulast=Hyam&rft.aufirst=Benji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.growandconvert.com%2Fresearch%2Fmost-profitable-fortune-500-companies-in-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benjamin_J._Cohen_2006,_p._17-307"><a href="#cite_ref-Benjamin_J._Cohen_2006,_p._17_307-0">^</a> Benjamin J. Cohen, The Future of Money, Princeton University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691116660" title="Special:BookSources/0691116660">0691116660</a>; cf. "the dollar is the de facto currency in Cambodia", Charles Agar, <a href="/wiki/Frommer%27s" title="Frommer's">Frommer's</a> Vietnam, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471798169" title="Special:BookSources/0471798169">0471798169</a>, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multpl.com/us-gdp-growth-rate/table/by-year">"US GDP Growth Rate by Year"</a>. multpl.com. US Bureau of Economic Analysis. March 31, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=multpl.com&rft.atitle=US+GDP+Growth+Rate+by+Year&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multpl.com%2Fus-gdp-growth-rate%2Ftable%2Fby-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements">"United States free trade agreements"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Office of the United States Trade Representative</a>. Retrieved May 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+United+States+Trade+Representative&rft.atitle=United+States+free+trade+agreements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fustr.gov%2Ftrade-agreements%2Ffree-trade-agreements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Economic_Forum-310"><a href="#cite_ref-World_Economic_Forum_310-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2013-14/GCR_Rankings_2013-14.pdf">"Rankings: Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014"</a> (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved June 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rankings%3A+Global+Competitiveness+Report+2013%E2%80%932014&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FGCR2013-14%2FGCR_Rankings_2013-14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-2023-311">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Collins-2023_311-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Collins-2023_311-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2023" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Michael (August 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/data-and-statistics/article/21271497/the-post-industrial-service-economy-isnt-working">"The Post-Industrial Service Economy Isn't Working for the Middle Class"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndustryWeek" title="IndustryWeek">IndustryWeek</a>. Retrieved August 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndustryWeek&rft.atitle=The+Post-Industrial+Service+Economy+Isn%27t+Working+for+the+Middle+Class&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.industryweek.com%2Fthe-economy%2Fdata-and-statistics%2Farticle%2F21271497%2Fthe-post-industrial-service-economy-isnt-working&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Econ-312"><a href="#cite_ref-Econ_312-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080312123609/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html">"USA Economy in Brief"</a>. U.S. Dept. of State, International Information Programs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html">the original</a> on March 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USA+Economy+in+Brief&rft.pub=U.S.+Dept.+of+State%2C+International+Information+Programs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.state.gov%2Fproducts%2Fpubs%2Feconomy-in-brief%2Fpage3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226011512/http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp">"The State of Manufacturing in the United States"</a>. International Trade Administration. July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp">the original</a> on February 26, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Manufacturing+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=International+Trade+Administration&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrade.gov%2Fmanufactureamerica%2Ffacts%2Ftg_mana_003019.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">"Manufacturing, Value Added (Current US$)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107135049/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manufacturing%2C+Value+Added+%28Current+US%24%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNV.IND.MANF.CD%3Fmost_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYSEhighestcap-315"><a href="#cite_ref-NYSEhighestcap_315-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKat_Tretina_and_Benjamin_Curry2021" class="citation web cs1">Kat Tretina and Benjamin Curry (April 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/nyse-new-york-stock-exchange/">"NYSE: What Is The New York Stock Exchange"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved July 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=NYSE%3A+What+Is+The+New+York+Stock+Exchange&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft.au=Kat+Tretina+and+Benjamin+Curry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fadvisor%2Finvesting%2Fnyse-new-york-stock-exchange%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2022" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Huw (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/">"New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved July 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+York+widens+lead+over+London+in+top+finance+centres+index&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Huw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fnew-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld-317"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-35/">"The Global Financial Centres Index 35"</a>. Long Finance. March 21, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Global+Financial+Centres+Index+35&rft.pub=Long+Finance&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longfinance.net%2Fpublications%2Flong-finance-reports%2Fthe-global-financial-centres-index-35%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy-318"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy_318-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIman_Ghosh2020" class="citation web cs1">Iman Ghosh (September 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/united-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la/">"This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output"</a>. World Economic Forum. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <q>The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+3D+map+shows+the+U.S.+cities+with+the+highest+economic+output&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft.au=Iman+Ghosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2020%2F09%2Funited-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-exchanges.org/our-work/statistics">"Monthly Reports – World Federation of Exchanges"</a>. WFE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Reports+%E2%80%93+World+Federation+of+Exchanges&rft.pub=WFE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-exchanges.org%2Four-work%2Fstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfc.hk-320"><a href="#cite_ref-sfc.hk_320-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf">Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012)</a>. Securities and Exchange Commission (China). </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWIPO2022" class="citation book cs1">WIPO (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2022/index.html">Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition</a>. World Intellectual Property Organization. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.46596">10.34667/tind.46596</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789280534320" title="Special:BookSources/9789280534320"><bdi>9789280534320</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2022%2C+15th+Edition&rft.pub=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.46596&rft.isbn=9789280534320&rft.au=WIPO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2022%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright,_Gavin_2007_p._185-322"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright,_Gavin_2007_p._185_322-0">^</a> Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny, ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), p. 185. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0821365452" title="Special:BookSources/0821365452">0821365452</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/top1612yr.html">"Top Trading Partners – October 2022"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. October 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Trading+Partners+%E2%80%93+October+2022&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2022-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fforeign-trade%2Fstatistics%2Fhighlights%2Ftop%2Ftop1612yr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019_e.pdf">"World Trade Statistical Review 2019"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>. p. 100. Retrieved May 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Trade+Organization&rft.atitle=World+Trade+Statistical+Review+2019&rft.pages=100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fres_e%2Fstatis_e%2Fwts2019_e%2Fwts2019_e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.TOTL.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true">"Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)"</a>. data.worldbank.org. Retrieved May 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=Exports+of+goods%2C+services+and+primary+income+%28BoP%2C+current+US%24%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FBX.GSR.TOTL.CD%3Fmost_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GSR.NFSV.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true&year_high_desc=false">"Service exports (BoP, current US$)"</a>. World Bank. Retrieved August 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Service+exports+%28BoP%2C+current+US%24%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FBX.GSR.NFSV.CD%3Fmost_recent_value_desc%3Dtrue%26year_high_desc%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/income/">"Income"</a>. Better Life Index. OECD. Retrieved September 28, 2019. <q>In the United States, the average household net adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 45 284 a year, much higher than the OECD average of USD 33 604 and the highest figure in the OECD.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Better+Life+Index&rft.atitle=Income&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecdbetterlifeindex.org%2Ftopics%2Fincome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/median-income-by-country/">"Median Income by Country 2023"</a>. Wisevoter. Retrieved July 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisevoter&rft.atitle=Median+Income+by+Country+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwisevoter.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Fmedian-income-by-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Household_Income-330"><a href="#cite_ref-Household_Income_330-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en">"Society at a Glance 2014"</a>. Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators. OECD Publishing. March 18, 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1787%2Fsoc_glance-2014-en">10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789264200722" title="Special:BookSources/9789264200722"><bdi>9789264200722</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+at+a+Glance+2014%3A+OECD+Social+Indicators&rft.atitle=Society+at+a+Glance+2014&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1787%2Fsoc_glance-2014-en&rft.isbn=9789264200722&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Fsocial-issues-migration-health%2Fsociety-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCECA">"Personal Consumption Expenditures"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org. March 28, 2024. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Personal+Consumption+Expenditures&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FPCECA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRocha2023" class="citation web cs1">Rocha, Laura (August 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbeseq/2023/08/18/playing-to-win-in-the-us-market/">"Playing To Win In The U.S. Market"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Playing+To+Win+In+The+U.S.+Market&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft.aulast=Rocha&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fforbeseq%2F2023%2F08%2F18%2Fplaying-to-win-in-the-us-market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiketty2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Piketty, Thomas</a> (2014). <a href="/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-First_Century" title="Capital in the Twenty-First Century">Capital in the Twenty-First Century</a>. Belknap Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780674430006/page/257">257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Piketty&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-43000-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-43000-6">978-0-674-43000-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/09/26/income-inequality-america-highest-its-been-since-census-started-tracking-it-data-show/">"Income inequality in America is the highest it's been since Census Bureau started tracking it, data shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Income+inequality+in+America+is+the+highest+it%27s+been+since+Census+Bureau+started+tracking+it%2C+data+shows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2F09%2F26%2Fincome-inequality-america-highest-its-been-since-census-started-tracking-it-data-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2017" class="citation news cs1">Long, Heather (September 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/us-middle-class-incomes-reached-highest-ever-level-in-2016-census-bureau-says/2017/09/12/7226905e-97de-11e7-b569-3360011663b4_story.html">"U.S. middle-class incomes reached highest-ever level in 2016, Census Bureau says"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved November 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+middle-class+incomes+reached+highest-ever+level+in+2016%2C+Census+Bureau+says&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fus-middle-class-incomes-reached-highest-ever-level-in-2016-census-bureau-says%2F2017%2F09%2F12%2F7226905e-97de-11e7-b569-3360011663b4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sme-336"><a href="#cite_ref-Sme_336-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmeeding2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smeeding, T.M. (2005). "Public Policy: Economic Inequality and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective". Social Science Quarterly. 86: 955–983. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0038-4941.2005.00331.x">10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00331.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154642286">154642286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Public+Policy%3A+Economic+Inequality+and+Poverty%3A+The+United+States+in+Comparative+Perspective&rft.volume=86&rft.pages=955-983&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0038-4941.2005.00331.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154642286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smeeding&rft.aufirst=T.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkin2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hopkin" title="Jonathan Hopkin">Hopkin, Jonathan</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IyXTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87">"American Nightmare: How Neoliberalism Broke US Democracy"</a>. Anti-System Politics: The Crisis of Market Liberalism in Rich Democracies. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 87–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190699765.003.0004">10.1093/oso/9780190699765.003.0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190699765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190699765"><bdi>978-0190699765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=American+Nightmare%3A+How+Neoliberalism+Broke+US+Democracy&rft.btitle=Anti-System+Politics%3A+The+Crisis+of+Market+Liberalism+in+Rich+Democracies&rft.pages=87-88&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190699765.003.0004&rft.isbn=978-0190699765&rft.aulast=Hopkin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIyXTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/retirement/how-many-billionaires-and-millionaires-live-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=As%20of%202023,%20there%20are,your%20own%20definition%20of%20wealth.">"Here's How Many Billionaires And Millionaires Live In The U.S. – Forbes Advisor"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved November 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Here%27s+How+Many+Billionaires+And+Millionaires+Live+In+The+U.S.+%E2%80%93+Forbes+Advisor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fadvisor%2Fretirement%2Fhow-many-billionaires-and-millionaires-live-in-the-u-s%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAs%2520of%25202023%2C%2520there%2520are%2Cyour%2520own%2520definition%2520of%2520wealth.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf">"The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"</a> (PDF). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. December 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2022+Annual+Homelessness+Assessment+Report+%28AHAR%29+to+Congress&rft.pub=The+U.S.+Department+of+Housing+and+Urban+Development&rft.date=2022-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2F2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ers.usda.gov-340"><a href="#cite_ref-ers.usda.gov_340-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx">"USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics"</a>. ers.usda.gov. Retrieved December 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ers.usda.gov&rft.atitle=USDA+ERS+%E2%80%93+Key+Statistics+%26+Graphics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2Ftopics%2Ffood-nutrition-assistance%2Ffood-security-in-the-us%2Fkey-statistics-graphics.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactsAbout-341"><a href="#cite_ref-FactsAbout_341-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/child-hunger-facts">"Facts About Child Hunger in America | Feeding America"</a>. feedingamerica.org. Retrieved December 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=feedingamerica.org&rft.atitle=Facts+About+Child+Hunger+in+America+%7C+Feeding+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.feedingamerica.org%2Fhunger-in-america%2Fchild-hunger-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html">"National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2023"</a>. Census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=National+Poverty+in+America+Awareness+Month%3A+January+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fstories%2Fpoverty-awareness-month.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoumardPisuBloch2012" class="citation web cs1">Joumard, Isabelle; Pisu, Mauro; Bloch, Debbie (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf">"Tackling income inequality The role of taxes and transfers"</a> (PDF). OECD. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tackling+income+inequality+The+role+of+taxes+and+transfers&rft.pub=OECD&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Joumard&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rft.au=Pisu%2C+Mauro&rft.au=Bloch%2C+Debbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Feco%2Fpublic-finance%2FTacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRank2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Robert_Rank" title="Mark Robert Rank">Rank, Mark Robert</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGewEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA116">The Poverty Paradox: Understanding Economic Hardship Amid American Prosperity</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 116–117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190212636" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190212636"><bdi>978-0190212636</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poverty+Paradox%3A+Understanding+Economic+Hardship+Amid+American+Prosperity&rft.pages=116-117&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0190212636&rft.aulast=Rank&rft.aufirst=Mark+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGewEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMin2019" class="citation news cs1">Min, Sarah (May 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/one-in-four-workers-in-us-dont-get-any-paid-vacation-time-or-holidays/">"1 in 4 workers in U.S. don't get any paid vacation time or holidays"</a>. CBS News. Retrieved July 15, 2022. <q>The United States is the only advanced economy that does not federally mandate any paid vacation days or holidays.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1+in+4+workers+in+U.S.+don%27t+get+any+paid+vacation+time+or+holidays&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Min&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fone-in-four-workers-in-us-dont-get-any-paid-vacation-time-or-holidays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard2013" class="citation news cs1">Bernard, Tara Siegel (February 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/23/your-money/us-trails-much-of-the-world-in-providing-paid-family-leave.html">"In Paid Family Leave, U.S. Trails Most of the Globe"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Paid+Family+Leave%2C+U.S.+Trails+Most+of+the+Globe&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Tara+Siegel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F23%2Fyour-money%2Fus-trails-much-of-the-world-in-providing-paid-family-leave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Dam2018" class="citation news cs1">Van Dam, Andrew (July 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/07/04/is-it-great-to-be-a-worker-in-the-u-s-not-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-developed-world/?noredirect=on">"Is it great to be a worker in the U.S.? Not compared with the rest of the developed world"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Is+it+great+to+be+a+worker+in+the+U.S.%3F+Not+compared+with+the+rest+of+the+developed+world.&rft.date=2018-07-04&rft.aulast=Van+Dam&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2018%2F07%2F04%2Fis-it-great-to-be-a-worker-in-the-u-s-not-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-developed-world%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowery" class="citation web cs1">Mowery, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/">"Technological Change and the Evolution of the U.S. "National Innovation System", 1880-1990"</a>. OpenMind. Retrieved July 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenMind&rft.atitle=Technological+Change+and+the+Evolution+of+the+U.S.+%22National+Innovation+System%22%2C+1880-1990&rft.aulast=Mowery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbvaopenmind.com%2Fen%2Farticles%2Ftechnological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodfriendMcDermott2021" class="citation journal cs1">Goodfriend, Marvin; McDermott, John (February 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902180">"The American System of economic growth"</a>. Journal of Economic Growth. 26 (1): 31–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10887-021-09186-x">10.1007/s10887-021-09186-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7020">1573-7020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902180">7902180</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33642936">33642936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Growth&rft.atitle=The+American+System+of+economic+growth&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-75&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7902180%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1573-7020&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33642936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10887-021-09186-x&rft.aulast=Goodfriend&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft.au=McDermott%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7902180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHounshell1984" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Hounshell" title="David A. Hounshell">Hounshell, David A.</a> (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-2975-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/83016269">83016269</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104810110">1104810110</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+American+System+to+Mass+Production%2C+1800%E2%80%931932%3A+The+Development+of+Manufacturing+Technology+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104810110&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F83016269&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2975-8&rft.aulast=Hounshell&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aiindex.stanford.edu/report">"Measuring trends in AI"</a>. Artificial Intelligence Index. Stanford University. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artificial+Intelligence+Index&rft.atitle=Measuring+trends+in+AI&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faiindex.stanford.edu%2Freport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspinel" class="citation web cs1">Espinel, Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/europe/2023/09/11/america-leads-world-artificial-intelligence-fall-behind-ai-regulation-2023-tech-victoria-espinel/">"America leads the world in AI–but we could fall behind on AI regulation by the end of 2023"</a>. Fortune Europe. Retrieved July 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune+Europe&rft.atitle=America+leads+the+world+in+AI%E2%80%93but+we+could+fall+behind+on+AI+regulation+by+the+end+of+2023&rft.aulast=Espinel&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Feurope%2F2023%2F09%2F11%2Famerica-leads-world-artificial-intelligence-fall-behind-ai-regulation-2023-tech-victoria-espinel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadu2019" class="citation web cs1">Radu, Sintia (August 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2019-08-19/the-us-is-still-the-global-leader-in-artificial-intelligence">"Despite Chinese Efforts, the U.S. Still Leads in AI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Despite+Chinese+Efforts%2C+the+U.S.+Still+Leads+in+AI&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft.aulast=Radu&rft.aufirst=Sintia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-countries%2Farticles%2F2019-08-19%2Fthe-us-is-still-the-global-leader-in-artificial-intelligence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?order=itp&ord=desc&year=2020">"SJR – International Science Ranking"</a>. Scimagojr.com. Retrieved February 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scimagojr.com&rft.atitle=SJR+%E2%80%93+International+Science+Ranking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2Fcountryrank.php%3Forder%3Ditp%26ord%3Ddesc%26year%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization.2021" class="citation book cs1">World Intellectual Property Organization. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN">World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021</a>. World IP Indicators (WIPI). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.44461">10.34667/tind.44461</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789280533293" title="Special:BookSources/9789280533293"><bdi>9789280533293</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Intellectual+Property+Indicators+2021&rft.series=World+IP+Indicators+%28WIPI%29&rft.pub=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization+%28WIPO%29&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.44461&rft.isbn=9789280533293&rft.au=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fpublications%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D4571%26plang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/assets/67729/2000%20Global%20Innovation%20Index%202024_WEB2.pdf">Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship</a> (PDF). Geneva. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.50062">10.34667/tind.50062</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2"><bdi>978-92-805-3681-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2024.+Unlocking+the+Promise+of+Social+Entrepreneurship&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.50062&rft.isbn=978-92-805-3681-2&rft.au=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fweb-publications%2Fglobal-innovation-index-2024%2Fassets%2F67729%2F2000%2520Global%2520Innovation%2520Index%25202024_WEB2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWIPO2023" class="citation book cs1">WIPO (December 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2023/index.html">Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition</a>. World Intellectual Property Organization. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.46596">10.34667/tind.46596</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789280534320" title="Special:BookSources/9789280534320"><bdi>9789280534320</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2023%2C+15th+Edition&rft.pub=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.46596&rft.isbn=9789280534320&rft.au=WIPO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fglobal_innovation_index%2Fen%2F2023%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesjardins2018" class="citation web cs1">Desjardins, Jeff (December 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/how-much-countries-spend-on-r-d/">"Innovators wanted: these countries spend the most on R&D"</a>. www.weforum.org. Retrieved May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.weforum.org&rft.atitle=Innovators+wanted%3A+these+countries+spend+the+most+on+R%26D&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2018%2F12%2Fhow-much-countries-spend-on-r-d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2020" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Sean (November 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/countries-spending-research-development-gdp/">"These countries spend the most on research and development"</a>. www.weforum.org. Retrieved May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.weforum.org&rft.atitle=These+countries+spend+the+most+on+research+and+development&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2020%2F11%2Fcountries-spending-research-development-gdp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGetzoff2023" class="citation web cs1">Getzoff, Marc (December 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gfmag.com/data/non-economic-data/most-advanced-countries-in-the-world/">"Most Technologically Advanced Countries In The World 2023"</a>. Global Finance Magazine. Retrieved July 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Finance+Magazine&rft.atitle=Most+Technologically+Advanced+Countries+In+The+World+2023&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.aulast=Getzoff&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgfmag.com%2Fdata%2Fnon-economic-data%2Fmost-advanced-countries-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa/#:~:text=President%20Eisenhower%20signed%20the%20National,of%20the%20International%20Geophysical%20Year.">"65 Years Ago: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 Creates NASA - NASA"</a>. July 26, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=65+Years+Ago%3A+The+National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Act+of+1958+Creates+NASA+-+NASA&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPresident%2520Eisenhower%2520signed%2520the%2520National%2Cof%2520the%2520International%2520Geophysical%2520Year.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/NASA">"National Aeronautics and Space Administration | US Space Agency & Exploration Achievements | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration+%7C+US+Space+Agency+%26+Exploration+Achievements+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FNASA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program">"Apollo | History, Missions, Significance, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. August 29, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Apollo+%7C+History%2C+Missions%2C+Significance%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FApollo-space-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/the-apollo-missions/">"The Apollo Missions"</a>. The Apollo Missions. July 4, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Apollo+Missions&rft.atitle=The+Apollo+Missions&rft.date=2019-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fthought-leadership%2Fthe-apollo-missions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-shuttle/">"Space Shuttle - NASA"</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Space+Shuttle+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fspace-shuttle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hubblesite.org/quick-facts">"Quick Facts"</a>. HubbleSite. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HubbleSite&rft.atitle=Quick+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fquick-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webbtelescope.org/quick-facts">"Quick Facts"</a>. Webb. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webb&rft.atitle=Quick+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebbtelescope.org%2Fquick-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/">"Mars Exploration - NASA Science"</a>. science.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=science.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Mars+Exploration+-+NASA+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary-science%2Fprograms%2Fmars-exploration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/">"International Space Station Facts and Figures - NASA"</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Space+Station+Facts+and+Figures+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Finternational-space-station%2Fspace-station-facts-and-figures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFupdated2022" class="citation web cs1">updated, Elizabeth Howell last (August 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html">"International Space Station: Facts, History & Tracking"</a>. Space.com. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=International+Space+Station%3A+Facts%2C+History+%26+Tracking&rft.date=2022-08-24&rft.aulast=updated&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Howell+last&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F16748-international-space-station.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/11/companies-are-commercializing-outer-space-do-government-programs-still-matter/">"Analysis | Companies are commercializing outer space. Do government programs still matter?"</a>. Washington Post. January 11, 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+Companies+are+commercializing+outer+space.+Do+government+programs+still+matter%3F&rft.date=2022-01-11&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F01%2F11%2Fcompanies-are-commercializing-outer-space-do-government-programs-still-matter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/">"Commercial Space - NASA"</a>. Retrieved September 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commercial+Space+-+NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhumans-in-space%2Fcommercial-space%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/">"U.S. energy facts explained - consumption and production - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)"</a>. eia.gov. Retrieved November 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eia.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+energy+facts+explained+-+consumption+and+production+-+U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration+%28EIA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fenergyexplained%2Fus-energy-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-visu-374"><a href="#cite_ref-visu_374-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/">"Energy Flow Charts: Charting the Complex Relationships among Energy, Water, and Carbon"</a>. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. March 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Energy+Flow+Charts%3A+Charting+the+Complex+Relationships+among+Energy%2C+Water%2C+and+Carbon&rft.pub=Lawrence+Livermore+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2022-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflowcharts.llnl.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=87&t=1">"What is the United States' share of world energy consumption?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">U.S. Energy Information Administration</a>. November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration&rft.atitle=What+is+the+United+States%27+share+of+world+energy+consumption%3F&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Ftools%2Ffaqs%2Ffaq.php%3Fid%3D87%26t%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_EPA2017" class="citation web cs1">US EPA, OAR (February 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks">"Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks"</a>. US EPA. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+EPA&rft.atitle=Inventory+of+U.S.+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+and+Sinks&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=US+EPA&rft.aufirst=OAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fghgemissions%2Finventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2022" class="citation web cs1">Hunter, Marnie (April 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-busiest-airports-2021/index.html">"This US airport has reclaimed its title as the world's busiest"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+US+airport+has+reclaimed+its+title+as+the+world%27s+busiest&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2022-04-11&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Marnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fworlds-busiest-airports-2021%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison">"Waterways – The World Factbook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Waterways+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fwaterways%2Fcountry-comparison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2020" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Chris (July 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/privatization">"Privatization"</a>. Downsizing the Federal Government. Cato Institute. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Downsizing+the+Federal+Government&rft.atitle=Privatization&rft.date=2020-07-12&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.downsizinggovernment.org%2Fprivatization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102034843/https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx">"Scheduled Passengers Carried"</a>. International Air Transport Association (IATA). 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx">the original</a> on January 2, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scheduled+Passengers+Carried&rft.pub=International+Air+Transport+Association+%28IATA%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iata.org%2Fpublications%2Fpages%2Fwats-passenger-carried.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PANYNJ_2021_report-381"><a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_2021_report_381-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2021.pdf">"2021 Airport Traffic Report"</a> (PDF). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. April 2022. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey&rft.atitle=2021+Airport+Traffic+Report&rft.pages=32&rft.date=2022-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fairports%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-general-info%2Fannual-atr%2FATR_2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140401052319/https://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2014/03/31/Preliminary-World-Airport-Traffic-and-Rankings-2013--High-Growth-Dubai-Moves-Up-to-7th-Busiest-Airport-">"Preliminary World Airport Traffic and Rankings 2013—High Growth Dubai Moves Up to 7th Busiest Airport"</a>. March 31, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aci.aero/News/Releases/Most-Recent/2014/03/31/Preliminary-World-Airport-Traffic-and-Rankings-2013--High-Growth-Dubai-Moves-Up-to-7th-Busiest-Airport-">the original</a> on April 1, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+World+Airport+Traffic+and+Rankings+2013%E2%80%94High+Growth+Dubai+Moves+Up+to+7th+Busiest+Airport&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aci.aero%2FNews%2FReleases%2FMost-Recent%2F2014%2F03%2F31%2FPreliminary-World-Airport-Traffic-and-Rankings-2013--High-Growth-Dubai-Moves-Up-to-7th-Busiest-Airport-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bts.gov/content/number-us-airportsa">"Number of U.S. Airports"</a>. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved December 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+U.S.+Airports&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Transportation+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bts.gov%2Fcontent%2Fnumber-us-airportsa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-384"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_384-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack,_Alan1995" class="citation book cs1">Black, Alan (1995). Urban mass transportation planning. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0070055575" title="Special:BookSources/978-0070055575"><bdi>978-0070055575</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31045097">31045097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+mass+transportation+planning&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31045097&rft.isbn=978-0070055575&rft.au=Black%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/commute-america-sustainability-cars/">"Cars still dominate the American commute"</a>. World Economic Forum. May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Cars+still+dominate+the+American+commute&rft.date=2022-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2022%2F05%2Fcommute-america-sustainability-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumes2016" class="citation web cs1">Humes, Edward (April 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/">"The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved July 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Absurd+Primacy+of+the+Automobile+in+American+Life&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.aulast=Humes&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2016%2F04%2Fabsurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life%2F476346%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison">"Roadways – The World Factbook"</a>. Cia.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712201909/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=Roadways+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Froadways%2Fcountry-comparison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102141414/https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html">"Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of Surface"</a>. United States Department of Transportation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html">the original</a> on January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+Transportation&rft.atitle=Public+Road+and+Street+Mileage+in+the+United+States+by+Type+of+Surface&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rita.dot.gov%2Fbts%2Fsites%2Frita.dot.gov.bts%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Fnational_transportation_statistics%2Fhtml%2Ftable_01_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/railways/country-comparison">"Railways – The World Factbook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Railways+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Frailways%2Fcountry-comparison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422132507/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM">"Seasonally Adjusted Transportation Data"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM">the original</a> on April 22, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seasonally+Adjusted+Transportation+Data&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Transportation+Statistics&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transtats.bts.gov%2Fosea%2Fseasonaladjustment%2F%3FPageVar%3DRAIL_PM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzsimmons2017" class="citation news cs1">Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (April 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/nyregion/amtrak-infrastructure-crisis.html">"Amtrak at a Junction: Invest in Improvements, or Risk Worsening Problems"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amtrak+at+a+Junction%3A+Invest+in+Improvements%2C+or+Risk+Worsening+Problems&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=Fitzsimmons&rft.aufirst=Emma+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Famtrak-infrastructure-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports">"The Top 50 Container Ports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Shipping_Council" title="World Shipping Council">World Shipping Council</a>. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Shipping+Council&rft.atitle=The+Top+50+Container+Ports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldshipping.org%2Ftop-50-ports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/26/automobiles/some-milestones-of-the-auto-age.html">"SOME MILESTONES OF THE AUTO AGE"</a>. The New York Times. January 26, 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=SOME+MILESTONES+OF+THE+AUTO+AGE&rft.date=1986-01-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F01%2F26%2Fautomobiles%2Fsome-milestones-of-the-auto-age.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2002/09/01/1926-ford-model-t-sports-touring-car/810e313f-4370-44b7-bb76-3282f9de945e/">"1926 Ford Model T Sports Touring Car"</a>. The Washington Post. September 1, 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=1926+Ford+Model+T+Sports+Touring+Car&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F2002%2F09%2F01%2F1926-ford-model-t-sports-touring-car%2F810e313f-4370-44b7-bb76-3282f9de945e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oica.net/category/production-statistics/2023-statistics/">"2023 production statistics"</a>. International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Organization+of+Motor+Vehicle+Manufacturers&rft.atitle=2023+production+statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2023-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlebnikov" class="citation web cs1">Klebnikov, Sergei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/07/01/tesla-is-now-the-worlds-most-valuable-car-company-with-a-valuation-of-208-billion/">"Tesla Is Now The World's Most Valuable Car Company With A $208 Billion Valuation"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Tesla+Is+Now+The+World%27s+Most+Valuable+Car+Company+With+A+%24208+Billion+Valuation&rft.aulast=Klebnikov&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsergeiklebnikov%2F2020%2F07%2F01%2Ftesla-is-now-the-worlds-most-valuable-car-company-with-a-valuation-of-208-billion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunkley2009" class="citation news cs1">Bunkley, Nick (January 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/22/business/22auto.html">"Toyota Ahead of G.M. in 2008 Sales"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Toyota+Ahead+of+G.M.+in+2008+Sales&rft.date=2009-01-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bunkley&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F22%2Fbusiness%2F22auto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/08/china-us-car-sales-overtakes">"China overtakes US in car sales"</a>. The Guardian. London. January 8, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=China+overtakes+US+in+car+sales&rft.date=2010-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2010%2Fjan%2F08%2Fchina-us-car-sales-overtakes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-962-january-30-2017-vehicles-capita-other-regionscountries-compared-united-states">"Fact #962: Vehicles per Capita: Other Regions/Countries Compared to the United States"</a>. Energy.gov. January 30, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Energy.gov&rft.atitle=Fact+%23962%3A+Vehicles+per+Capita%3A+Other+Regions%2FCountries+Compared+to+the+United+States&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energy.gov%2Feere%2Fvehicles%2Ffact-962-january-30-2017-vehicles-capita-other-regionscountries-compared-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USBTS-400"><a href="#cite_ref-USBTS_400-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capitol-tires.com/how-many-cars-per-capita-in-the-us.html">"Vehicle Statistics: Cars Per Capita"</a>. Capitol Tires. August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vehicle+Statistics%3A+Cars+Per+Capita&rft.pub=Capitol+Tires&rft.date=2017-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapitol-tires.com%2Fhow-many-cars-per-capita-in-the-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oec.world/en/profile/hs/cars">"Cars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observatory_of_Economic_Complexity" title="The Observatory of Economic Complexity">The Observatory of Economic Complexity</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Observatory+of+Economic+Complexity&rft.atitle=Cars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foec.world%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fhs%2Fcars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426202412/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/apportionment/population-change-data-table.pdf">"US Census Quickfacts, Population Estimates, July 2023"</a> (PDF). Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/geo/chart/ID/PST045222">the original</a> on April 26, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Quickfacts%2C+Population+Estimates%2C+July+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Fgeo%2Fchart%2FID%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/pes-2020-undercount-overcount-by-state.html">"U.S. Census Bureau Releases 2020 Undercount and Overcount Rates by State and the District of Columbia"</a>. Census.gov. Retrieved May 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+Releases+2020+Undercount+and+Overcount+Rates+by+State+and+the+District+of+Columbia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2022%2Fpes-2020-undercount-overcount-by-state.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020CENSUS-405"><a href="#cite_ref-2020CENSUS_405-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt">"Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a>. Retrieved April 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census&rft.atitle=Census+Bureau%27s+2020+Population+Count&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2021%2F2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid%3D2020CENSUS%26src%3Dpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-406"><a href="#cite_ref-406">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/">"Population Clock"</a>. Census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Population+Clock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopclock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-407"><a href="#cite_ref-407">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/families/marital.html">"Table MS-1. Marital Status of the Population 15 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1950 to Present"</a>. Historical Marital Status Tables. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Marital+Status+Tables&rft.atitle=Table+MS-1.+Marital+Status+of+the+Population+15+Years+Old+and+Over%2C+by+Sex%2C+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin%3A+1950+to+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Ffamilies%2Fmarital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-408"><a href="#cite_ref-408">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaric2024" class="citation web cs1">Saric, Ivana (April 25, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/04/25/us-births-drop-2023">"Births dropped in 2023, ending pandemic baby boom"</a>. Axios. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Births+dropped+in+2023%2C+ending+pandemic+baby+boom&rft.pub=Axios&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Saric&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2024%2F04%2F25%2Fus-births-drop-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/12/12/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent/">"U.S. has world's highest rate of children living in single-parent households"</a>. Pew Research Center. December 12, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=U.S.+has+world%27s+highest+rate+of+children+living+in+single-parent+households&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F12%2F12%2Fu-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-An2000-410">^ <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_410-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_410-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-An2000_410-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">"Ancestry 2000"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. June 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2004. Retrieved December 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry+2000&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2004pubs%2Fc2kbr-35.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html">"The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Chance+That+Two+People+Chosen+at+Random+Are+of+Different+Race+or+Ethnicity+Groups+Has+Increased+Since+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2021%2F08%2F2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf">"Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 25, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+52.+Population+by+Selected+Ancestry+Group+and+Region%3A+2009&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fcompendia%2Fstatab%2F2012%2Ftables%2F12s0052.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native">"Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities | USAGov"</a>. www.usa.gov. Retrieved April 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usa.gov&rft.atitle=Federally+recognized+American+Indian+tribes+and+Alaska+Native+entities+%7C+USAGov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usa.gov%2Findian-tribes-alaska-native&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-414"><a href="#cite_ref-414">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-estimates-characteristics.html">"America Is Getting Older"</a>. Census.gov. June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=America+Is+Getting+Older&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2Fpopulation-estimates-characteristics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaur2018" class="citation web cs1">Kaur, Harmeet (May 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html">"FYI: English isn't the official language of the United States"</a>. CNN. Retrieved May 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FYI%3A+English+isn%27t+the+official+language+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-05-20&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Harmeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F20%2Fus%2Fenglish-us-official-language-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2014/08/12/states-where-english-is-the-official-language/">"States Where English Is the Official Language"</a>. The Washington Post. August 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=States+Where+English+Is+the+Official+Language&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fgovbeat%2Fwp%2F2014%2F08%2F12%2Fstates-where-english-is-the-official-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/https://hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html">"The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4"</a>. Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. November 7, 1978. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+the+State+of+Hawaii%2C+Article+XV%2C+Section+4&rft.pub=Hawaii+Legislative+Reference+Bureau&rft.date=1978-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaii.gov%2Flrb%2Fcon%2Fconart15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapel2014" class="citation news cs1">Chapel, Bill (April 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/04/21/305688602/alaska-oks-bill-making-native-languages-official">"Alaska OKs Bill Making Native Languages Official"</a>. NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alaska+OKs+Bill+Making+Native+Languages+Official&rft.date=2014-04-21&rft.aulast=Chapel&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2014%2F04%2F21%2F305688602%2Falaska-oks-bill-making-native-languages-official&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LakotaCommon-420"><a href="#cite_ref-LakotaCommon_420-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/22/south-dakota-recognizes-official-indigenous-language-governor-noem/3245113002/">"South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argus_Leader" title="Argus Leader">Argus Leader</a>. Retrieved March 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Dakota+recognizes+official+indigenous+language&rft.pub=Argus+Leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.argusleader.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F03%2F22%2Fsouth-dakota-recognizes-official-indigenous-language-governor-noem%2F3245113002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-421"><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiebensJulian2011" class="citation web cs1">Siebens, Julie; Julian, Tiffany (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/acs/acsbr10-10.pdf">"Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010"</a> (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Native+North+American+Languages+Spoken+at+Home+in+the+United+States+and+Puerto+Rico%3A+2006%E2%80%932010&rft.date=2011-12&rft.aulast=Siebens&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.au=Julian%2C+Tiffany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2011%2Facs%2Facsbr10-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PuertoRicoTranslation-422"><a href="#cite_ref-PuertoRicoTranslation_422-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233259/http://www.puertorico.com/translation/">"Translation in Puerto Rico"</a>. Puerto Rico Channel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puertorico.com/translation/">the original</a> on December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puerto+Rico+Channel&rft.atitle=Translation+in+Puerto+Rico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.puertorico.com%2Ftranslation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACS2021-423"><a href="#cite_ref-ACS2021_423-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001:+LANGUAGE+SPOKEN+AT+HOME+BY+ABILITY+TO+SPEAK+ENGLISH+FOR+THE+POPULATION+5+YEARS+AND+OVER&g=0100000US&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001&moe=true">"ACS B16001"</a>. ACS B16001. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACS+B16001&rft.atitle=ACS+B16001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB16001%3A%2BLANGUAGE%2BSPOKEN%2BAT%2BHOME%2BBY%2BABILITY%2BTO%2BSPEAK%2BENGLISH%2BFOR%2BTHE%2BPOPULATION%2B5%2BYEARS%2BAND%2BOVER%26g%3D0100000US%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2021.B16001%26moe%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212213140/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B16001&prodType=table">"American FactFinder—Results"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B16001&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder%E2%80%94Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_10_1YR_B16001%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNdef-425"><a href="#cite_ref-UNdef_425-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations,_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs,_Population_Division2019" class="citation web cs1">United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf">"International Migrant Stock 2019 Documentation"</a> (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Migrant+Stock+2019+Documentation&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2019-08&rft.au=United+Nations%2C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fdata%2Festimates2%2Fdocs%2FMigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx">"UN Migrant Stock Total 2019"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved June 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Migrant+Stock+Total+2019&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fdata%2Festimates2%2Fdata%2FUN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states">"Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Migration_Policy_Institute" title="Migration Policy Institute">Migration Policy Institute</a>. March 14, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Migration+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Frequently+Requested+Statistics+on+Immigrants+and+Immigration+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2019-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Ffrequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KeyFindings-428"><a href="#cite_ref-KeyFindings_428-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/">"Key findings about U.S. immigrants"</a>. Pew Research Center. June 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+findings+about+U.S.+immigrants&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F06%2F17%2Fkey-findings-about-u-s-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_the_united_states_0.pdf">"Immigrants in the United States"</a> (PDF). americanimmigrationcouncil.org. September 21, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanimmigrationcouncil.org&rft.atitle=Immigrants+in+the+United+States&rft.date=2021-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanimmigrationcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fimmigrants_in_the_united_states_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prb.org/articles/who-are-americas-immigrants/">"Who Are America's Immigrants?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Population_Reference_Bureau" title="Population Reference Bureau">Population Reference Bureau</a>. May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+Reference+Bureau&rft.atitle=Who+Are+America%27s+Immigrants%3F&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prb.org%2Farticles%2Fwho-are-americas-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PewRefugees-431"><a href="#cite_ref-PewRefugees_431-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJens_Manuel_Krogstad2019" class="citation web cs1">Jens Manuel Krogstad (October 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/07/key-facts-about-refugees-to-the-u-s/">"Key facts about refugees to the U.S."</a> Pew Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+facts+about+refugees+to+the+U.S.&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft.au=Jens+Manuel+Krogstad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F10%2F07%2Fkey-facts-about-refugees-to-the-u-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donadio-2021-432"><a href="#cite_ref-Donadio-2021_432-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2021" class="citation web cs1">Donadio, Rachel (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/12/france-god-religion-secularism/620528/">"Why Is France So Afraid of God?"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Why+Is+France+So+Afraid+of+God%3F&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2021%2F12%2Ffrance-god-religion-secularism%2F620528%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-433"><a href="#cite_ref-433">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances.">"First Amendment"</a>. Constitution Annotated. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitution+Annotated&rft.atitle=First+Amendment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitution.congress.gov%2Fconstitution%2Famendment-1%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DCongress%2520shall%2520make%2520no%2520law%2Cfor%2520a%2520redress%2520of%2520grievances.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alesina1-434"><a href="#cite_ref-alesina1_434-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlesina2003" class="citation journal cs1">Alesina, Alberto; et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831221230/http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/alesina/files/fractionalization.pdf">"Fractionalization"</a> (PDF). Journal of Economic Growth. 8 (2): 155–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fa%3A1024471506938">10.1023/a:1024471506938</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:260685524">260685524</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/alesina/files/fractionalization.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 31, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Growth&rft.atitle=Fractionalization&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=155-194&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fa%3A1024471506938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A260685524%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Alesina&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economics.harvard.edu%2Ffaculty%2Falesina%2Ffiles%2Ffractionalization.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewreligion-435"><a href="#cite_ref-pewreligion_435-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahmy2018" class="citation web cs1">Fahmy, Dalia (July 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/">"Americans are far more religious than adults in other wealthy nations"</a>. Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109160911/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Americans+are+far+more+religious+than+adults+in+other+wealthy+nations&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.aulast=Fahmy&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F07%2F31%2Famericans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Christianity-436"><a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_436-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANALYSIS2011" class="citation web cs1">ANALYSIS (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730062627/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx">"Global Christianity"</a>. Pewforum.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx">the original</a> on July 30, 2013. Retrieved August 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Christianity&rft.pub=Pewforum.org&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.au=ANALYSIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2FChristian%2FGlobal-Christianity-exec.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell2010" class="citation book cs1">Sewell, Elizabeth (2010). "Religious Liberty and Religious Minorities in the United States". In Davis, Derek (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Church and State in the United States. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. pp. 249–275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199892228" title="Special:BookSources/9780199892228"><bdi>9780199892228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religious+Liberty+and+Religious+Minorities+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Church+and+State+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=249-275&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780199892228&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-2023-438">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams-2023_438-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams-2023_438-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2023" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Daniel (March 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html">"'Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a>. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christianity+Today&rft.atitle=%27Christian+America%27+Isn%27t+Dying.+It%27s+Dividing.&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fct%2F2023%2Ffebruary-web-only%2Fchristianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriamLupuElwoodDavis2008" class="citation web cs1">Merriam, Jesse; Lupu, Ira; Elwood, F; Davis, Eleanor (August 28, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/">"On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity?"</a>. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved March 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=On+Ceremonial+Occasions%2C+May+the+Government+Invoke+a+Deity%3F&rft.date=2008-08-28&rft.aulast=Merriam&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.au=Lupu%2C+Ira&rft.au=Elwood%2C+F&rft.au=Davis%2C+Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2008%2F08%2F28%2Fon-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallo-2023-440"><a href="#cite_ref-Kallo-2023_440-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallo2023" class="citation web cs1">Kallo, Becka; et al. (December 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spirituality-among-americans/">"Spirituality Among Americans"</a>. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved December 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center%27s+Religion+%26+Public+Life+Project&rft.atitle=Spirituality+Among+Americans&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft.aulast=Kallo&rft.aufirst=Becka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2023%2F12%2F07%2Fspirituality-among-americans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-441"><a href="#cite_ref-441">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroeseUecker2022" class="citation journal cs1">Froese, Paul; Uecker, Jeremy E. (September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jssr.12810">"Prayer in America: A Detailed Analysis of the Various Dimensions of Prayer"</a>. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 61 (3–4): 663–689. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjssr.12810">10.1111/jssr.12810</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8294">0021-8294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253439298">253439298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Prayer+in+America%3A+A+Detailed+Analysis+of+the+Various+Dimensions+of+Prayer&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=663-689&rft.date=2022-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A253439298%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0021-8294&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjssr.12810&rft.aulast=Froese&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Uecker%2C+Jeremy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fjssr.12810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHowe2008727–728-442"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHowe2008727–728_442-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHowe2008">Howe 2008</a>, pp. 727–728. </li> <li id="cite_note-443"><a href="#cite_ref-443">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/mormon-population-by-state">"Mormon Population by State"</a>. World Population Review. June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Population+Review&rft.atitle=Mormon+Population+by+State&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fstate-rankings%2Fmormon-population-by-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-444"><a href="#cite_ref-444">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024532/https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en">"United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en">the original</a> on April 3, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States%E2%80%94Urban%2FRural+and+Inside%2FOutside+Metropolitan+Area&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FGCTTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-state%3Dgct%26-ds_name%3DDEC_2000_SF1_U%26-_box_head_nbr%3DGCT-P1%26-mt_name%3D%26-_caller%3Dgeoselect%26-geo_id%3D%26-format%3DUS-1%26-_lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-445"><a href="#cite_ref-445">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html">"City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022"</a>. Census.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=City+and+Town+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-446"><a href="#cite_ref-446">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2019/estimates-county-metro.html">"Counties in South and West Lead Nation in Population Growth"</a>. The United States Census Bureau. April 18, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Counties+in+South+and+West+Lead+Nation+in+Population+Growth&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2F2019%2Festimates-county-metro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-447"><a href="#cite_ref-447">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023"</a>. United States Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2020%E2%80%932023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-448"><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tmc.edu/about-tmc/">"About Us"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmc.edu%2Fabout-tmc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/texas-medical-center-largest-medical-complex-world-reaches-98-percent-icu-capacity-1526180">"Texas Medical Center, largest medical complex in the world, reaches 98 percent ICU capacity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Texas+Medical+Center%2C+largest+medical+complex+in+the+world%2C+reaches+98+percent+ICU+capacity&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ftexas-medical-center-largest-medical-complex-world-reaches-98-percent-icu-capacity-1526180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tmc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/TMC_FactsFiguresOnePager_07052018-1.pdf">"TMC Facts & Figures"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TMC+Facts+%26+Figures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmc.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2FTMC_FactsFiguresOnePager_07052018-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhillips2023" class="citation web cs1">McPhillips, Deidre (November 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/29/health/life-expectancy-us-2022-cdc-report/index.html">"US life expectancy rebounded in 2022 but not back to pre-pandemic levels"</a>. CNN. Retrieved February 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+life+expectancy+rebounded+in+2022+but+not+back+to+pre-pandemic+levels&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.aulast=McPhillips&rft.aufirst=Deidre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F29%2Fhealth%2Flife-expectancy-us-2022-cdc-report%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchenbach2019" class="citation news cs1">Achenbach, Joel (November 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/theres-something-terribly-wrong-americans-are-dying-young-at-alarming-rates/2019/11/25/d88b28ec-0d6a-11ea-8397-a955cd542d00_story.html">"'There's something terribly wrong': Americans are dying young at alarming rates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved December 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27There%27s+something+terribly+wrong%27%3A+Americans+are+dying+young+at+alarming+rates&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft.aulast=Achenbach&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fhealth%2Ftheres-something-terribly-wrong-americans-are-dying-young-at-alarming-rates%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2Fd88b28ec-0d6a-11ea-8397-a955cd542d00_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-453"><a href="#cite_ref-453">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commonwealthfund.org/press-release/2020/new-international-report-health-care-us-suicide-rate-highest-among-wealthy">"New International Report on Health Care: U.S. Suicide Rate Highest Among Wealthy Nations | Commonwealth Fund"</a>. Commonwealthfund.org. January 30, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealthfund.org&rft.atitle=New+International+Report+on+Health+Care%3A+U.S.+Suicide+Rate+Highest+Among+Wealthy+Nations+%7C+Commonwealth+Fund&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealthfund.org%2Fpress-release%2F2020%2Fnew-international-report-health-care-us-suicide-rate-highest-among-wealthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm">"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004"</a>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved June 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prevalence+of+Overweight+and+Obesity+Among+Adults%3A+United+States%2C+2003%E2%80%932004&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+National+Center+for+Health+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fproducts%2Fpubs%2Fpubd%2Fhestats%2Foverweight%2Foverwght_adult_03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-455"><a href="#cite_ref-455">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/20070309142240/https://dll.umaine.edu:80/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf">"The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive?"</a> (PDF). University of Maine. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.+HCweb.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 9, 2007. Retrieved November 29, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Healthcare+System%3A+The+Best+in+the+World+or+Just+the+Most+Expensive%3F&rft.pub=University+of+Maine&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdll.umaine.edu%2Fble%2FU.S.%2BHCweb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-456"><a href="#cite_ref-456">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVladeck2003" class="citation journal cs1">Vladeck, Bruce (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447684">"Universal Health Insurance in the United States: Reflections on the Past, the Present, and the Future"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="American Journal of Public Health">American Journal of Public Health</a>. 93 (1): 16–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2Fajph.93.1.16">10.2105/ajph.93.1.16</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447684">1447684</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12511377">12511377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Universal+Health+Insurance+in+the+United+States%3A+Reflections+on+the+Past%2C+the+Present%2C+and+the+Future&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-19&rft.date=2003-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1447684%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12511377&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2Fajph.93.1.16&rft.aulast=Vladeck&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1447684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-458"><a href="#cite_ref-458">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOberlander2010" class="citation journal cs1">Oberlander, Jonathan (June 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhlthaff.2010.0447">"Long Time Coming: Why Health Reform Finally Passed"</a>. Health Affairs. 29 (6): 1112–1116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhlthaff.2010.0447">10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0447</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-2715">0278-2715</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20530339">20530339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=Long+Time+Coming%3A+Why+Health+Reform+Finally+Passed&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1112-1116&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.issn=0278-2715&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20530339&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fhlthaff.2010.0447&rft.aulast=Oberlander&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1377%252Fhlthaff.2010.0447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-459"><a href="#cite_ref-459">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenzaNoor" class="citation web cs1">Glenza, Jessica; Noor, Poppy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2024/jul/29/abortion-laws-bans-by-state">"Tracking abortion laws across the United States"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved August 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tracking+abortion+laws+across+the+United+States&rft.aulast=Glenza&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Noor%2C+Poppy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2Fng-interactive%2F2024%2Fjul%2F29%2Fabortion-laws-bans-by-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-460"><a href="#cite_ref-460">^</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics" title="National Center for Education Statistics">National Center for Education Statistics</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cha">U.S. Undergraduate Enrollment</a>". Accessed July 29, 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-461"><a href="#cite_ref-461">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp">"Ages for Compulsory School Attendance ..."</a> U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved June 10, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ages+for+Compulsory+School+Attendance+...&rft.pub=U.S.+Dept.+of+Education%2C+National+Center+for+Education+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fprograms%2Fdigest%2Fd02%2Fdt150.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-462"><a href="#cite_ref-462">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushe2018" class="citation news cs1">Rushe, Dominic (September 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/sep/07/us-education-spending-finland-south-korea">"The US spends more on education than other countries. Why is it falling behind?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+US+spends+more+on+education+than+other+countries.+Why+is+it+falling+behind%3F&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Rushe&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2018%2Fsep%2F07%2Fus-education-spending-finland-south-korea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-463"><a href="#cite_ref-463">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66">"Fast Facts: Expenditures"</a>. nces.ed.gov. April 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nces.ed.gov&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts%3A+Expenditures&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Ffastfacts%2Fdisplay.asp%3Fid%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-464"><a href="#cite_ref-464">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html">"Educational Attainment in the United States: 2022"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Educational+Attainment+in+the+United+States%3A+2022&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2F2022%2Fdemo%2Feducational-attainment%2Fcps-detailed-tables.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-465"><a href="#cite_ref-465">^</a> For more detail on U.S. literacy, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF">A First Look at the Literacy of America's Adults in the 21st century</a>, U.S. Department of Education (2003). </li> <li id="cite_note-466"><a href="#cite_ref-466">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes">"All Nobel Prizes"</a>. Nobel Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Prizes&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Flists%2Fall-nobel-prizes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-467"><a href="#cite_ref-467">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings">"2022–2023 Best Global Universities Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Retrieved April 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=2022%E2%80%932023+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-468"><a href="#cite_ref-468">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFink2019" class="citation web cs1">Fink, Jenni (October 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/us-news-best-global-universities-american-schools-dominate-top-10-1466768">"U.S. Schools Take 8 of 10 Top Spots on U.S. News' Best Global Universities"</a>. Newsweek. Retrieved April 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=U.S.+Schools+Take+8+of+10+Top+Spots+on+U.S.+News%27+Best+Global+Universities&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fus-news-best-global-universities-american-schools-dominate-top-10-1466768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-469"><a href="#cite_ref-469">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/best-countries-for-education">"Best Countries for Education: North American and European countries are seen as offering the best opportunities for education"</a>. U.S. News & World Report. April 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Countries+for+Education%3A+North+American+and+European+countries+are+seen+as+offering+the+best+opportunities+for+education.&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-countries%2Fbest-countries-for-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-470"><a href="#cite_ref-470">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPannoniKerr2020" class="citation web cs1">Pannoni, Alexandra; Kerr, Emma (July 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/community-colleges/articles/2015/02/06/frequently-asked-questions-community-college">"Everything You Need to Know About Community Colleges: FAQ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Retrieved July 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Everything+You+Need+to+Know+About+Community+Colleges%3A+FAQ&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft.aulast=Pannoni&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fcommunity-colleges%2Farticles%2F2015%2F02%2F06%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-community-college&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-education_spending-471"><a href="#cite_ref-education_spending_471-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-education-spending-tops-global-list-study-shows/">"U.S. education spending tops global list, study shows"</a>. CBS. Associated Press. June 25, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726002619/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57590921/u.s-education-spending-tops-global-list-study-shows">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+education+spending+tops+global+list%2C+study+shows&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-education-spending-tops-global-list-study-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usafacts.org/articles/the-biden-administration-cancelled-95b-in-student-loan-debt-heres-who-it-affects/">"The Biden administration cancelled $9.5B in student loan debt. Here's who it affects"</a>. USAFacts. Retrieved July 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USAFacts&rft.atitle=The+Biden+administration+cancelled+%249.5B+in+student+loan+debt.+Here%27s+who+it+affects.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusafacts.org%2Farticles%2Fthe-biden-administration-cancelled-95b-in-student-loan-debt-heres-who-it-affects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-473"><a href="#cite_ref-473">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess2020" class="citation news cs1">Hess, Abigail Johnson (December 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/22/us-student-debt-has-increased-by-more-than-100percent-over-past-10-years.html">"U.S. student debt has increased by more than 100% over the past 10 years"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+student+debt+has+increased+by+more+than+100%25+over+the+past+10+years&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Abigail+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F12%2F22%2Fus-student-debt-has-increased-by-more-than-100percent-over-past-10-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-474"><a href="#cite_ref-474">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDicklerNova2022" class="citation news cs1">Dickler, Jessica; Nova, Annie (May 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/06/this-is-how-student-loan-debt-became-a-1point7-trillion-crisis.html">"This is how student loan debt became a $1.7 trillion crisis"</a>. CNBC. Retrieved July 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=This+is+how+student+loan+debt+became+a+%241.7+trillion+crisis&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft.aulast=Dickler&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.au=Nova%2C+Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F05%2F06%2Fthis-is-how-student-loan-debt-became-a-1point7-trillion-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-475"><a href="#cite_ref-475">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307">"Statue of Liberty"</a>. World Heritage. UNESCO. Retrieved January 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage&rft.atitle=Statue+of+Liberty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntington2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington, Samuel P.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xiYiybkE8kC&q=core">"Chapters 2–4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoarewechalleng00hunt">Who are We?: The Challenges to America's National Identity</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-87053-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-87053-3"><bdi>978-0-684-87053-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapters+2%E2%80%934&rft.btitle=Who+are+We%3F%3A+The+Challenges+to+America%27s+National+Identity&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-684-87053-3&rft.aulast=Huntington&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xiYiybkE8kC%26q%3Dcore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988">: see <a href="/wiki/American_Creed" title="American Creed">American Creed</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/William_Tyler_Page" title="William Tyler Page">William Tyler Page</a> and adopted by Congress in 1918. </li> <li id="cite_note-477"><a href="#cite_ref-477">^</a> Hoeveler, J. David, Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges, Rowman & Littlefield, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742548398" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742548398">978-0742548398</a>, 2007, p. xi </li> <li id="cite_note-478"><a href="#cite_ref-478">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabbBaerCurtis1999" class="citation journal cs1">Grabb, Edward; Baer, Douglas; Curtis, James (1999). "The Origins of American Individualism: Reconsidering the Historical Evidence". <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journal_of_Sociology" title="Canadian Journal of Sociology">Canadian Journal of Sociology</a>. 24 (4). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a>: 511–533. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3341789">10.2307/3341789</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0318-6431">0318-6431</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3341789">3341789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+American+Individualism%3A+Reconsidering+the+Historical+Evidence&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=511-533&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0318-6431&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3341789%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3341789&rft.aulast=Grabb&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Baer%2C+Douglas&rft.au=Curtis%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-479"><a href="#cite_ref-479">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2021" class="citation news cs1">Marsh, Abigail (May 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/26/opinion/individualism-united-states-altruism.html">"Everyone Thinks Americans Are Selfish. They're Wrong"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Everyone+Thinks+Americans+Are+Selfish.+They%27re+Wrong.&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F26%2Fopinion%2Findividualism-united-states-altruism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2010" class="citation journal cs1">Porter, Gayle (November 2010). "Work Ethic and Ethical Work: Distortions in the American Dream". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Business_Ethics" title="Journal of Business Ethics">Journal of Business Ethics</a>. 96 (4). <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>: 535–550. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10551-010-0481-6">10.1007/s10551-010-0481-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29789736">29789736</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143991044">143991044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Business+Ethics&rft.atitle=Work+Ethic+and+Ethical+Work%3A+Distortions+in+the+American+Dream&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=535-550&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143991044%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29789736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10551-010-0481-6&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Gayle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens1952" class="citation journal cs1">Stephens, R.H. (September 1952). "The Role Of Competition In American Life". <a href="/wiki/The_Australian_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Australian Quarterly">The Australian Quarterly</a>. 24 (3). <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Policy_and_Science" title="Australian Institute of Policy and Science">Australian Institute of Policy and Science</a>: 9–14. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41317686">41317686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Role+Of+Competition+In+American+Life&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=9-14&rft.date=1952-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41317686%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=R.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-482"><a href="#cite_ref-482">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://good2give.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-CAF-World-Giving-Index.pdf">"World Giving Index 2022"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a>. September 9, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charities+Aid+Foundation&rft.atitle=World+Giving+Index+2022&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgood2give.ngo%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F09%2F2022-CAF-World-Giving-Index.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-483"><a href="#cite_ref-483">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-variation-in-altruism">"Country-level estimates of altruism"</a>. Our World in Data. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Country-level+estimates+of+altruism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fgrapher%2Fcross-country-variation-in-altruism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-484"><a href="#cite_ref-484">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2018" class="citation web cs1">Marsh, Abigail (February 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2018/02/05/581873428/could-a-more-individualistic-world-also-be-a-more-altruistic-one">"Could A More Individualistic World Also Be A More Altruistic One?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved March 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Could+A+More+Individualistic+World+Also+Be+A+More+Altruistic+One%3F&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2F13.7%2F2018%2F02%2F05%2F581873428%2Fcould-a-more-individualistic-world-also-be-a-more-altruistic-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-485"><a href="#cite_ref-485">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-policy-and-campaigns/gross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf">"GROSS DOMESTIC PHILANTHROPY: An international analysis of GDP, tax and giving"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a>. January 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GROSS+DOMESTIC+PHILANTHROPY%3A+An+international+analysis+of+GDP%2C+tax+and+giving&rft.pub=Charities+Aid+Foundation&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cafonline.org%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fabout-us-policy-and-campaigns%2Fgross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-486"><a href="#cite_ref-486">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolokh2015" class="citation news cs1">Volokh, Eugene (January 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/01/27/the-american-tradition-of-multiculturalism/">"The American tradition of multiculturalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+American+tradition+of+multiculturalism&rft.date=2015-01-17&rft.aulast=Volokh&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvolokh-conspiracy%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F27%2Fthe-american-tradition-of-multiculturalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-487"><a href="#cite_ref-487">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2014" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Lucas (August 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/americas-tipping-point-most-u-s-now-multicultural-says-group-n186206">"America's Tipping Point: Most Of U.S. Now Multicultural, Says Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=America%27s+Tipping+Point%3A+Most+Of+U.S.+Now+Multicultural%2C+Says+Group&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Flatino%2Famericas-tipping-point-most-u-s-now-multicultural-says-group-n186206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-488"><a href="#cite_ref-488">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerghahn2010" class="citation journal cs1">Berghahn, Volker R. (February 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740903388566">"The debate on 'Americanization' among economic and cultural historians"</a>. Cold War History. 10 (1): 107–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14682740903388566">10.1080/14682740903388566</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-2745">1468-2745</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144459911">144459911</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+War+History&rft.atitle=The+debate+on+%27Americanization%27+among+economic+and+cultural+historians&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-130&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144459911%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1468-2745&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14682740903388566&rft.aulast=Berghahn&rft.aufirst=Volker+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F14682740903388566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-489"><a href="#cite_ref-489">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergie2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Fergie, Dexter (March 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/165836/american-culture-ate-world-righteous-smokescreen-globalization-review">"How American Culture Ate the World"</a>. The New Republic. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6583">0028-6583</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=How+American+Culture+Ate+the+World&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.issn=0028-6583&rft.aulast=Fergie&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F165836%2Famerican-culture-ate-world-righteous-smokescreen-globalization-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-490"><a href="#cite_ref-490">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiorinaPeterson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_P._Fiorina" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris P. Fiorina">Fiorina, Morris P.</a>; Peterson, Paul E. (2010). The New American democracy (7th ed.). London: Longman. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-78016-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-78016-7"><bdi>978-0-205-78016-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+American+democracy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=97&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-205-78016-7&rft.aulast=Fiorina&rft.aufirst=Morris+P.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-491"><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway2005" class="citation book cs1">Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American culture (2nd ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 18–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21749-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21749-3"><bdi>978-0-253-21749-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africanisms+in+American+culture&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=18-38&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21749-3&rft.aulast=Holloway&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2000" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Fern L. (2000). Speaking culturally : language diversity in the United States. Sage Publications. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8039-5912-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8039-5912-5"><bdi>978-0-8039-5912-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speaking+culturally+%3A+language+diversity+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8039-5912-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Fern+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifton2013" class="citation web cs1">Clifton, Jon (March 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallup.com/poll/161435/100-million-worldwide-dream-life.aspx">"More Than 100 Million Worldwide Dream of a Life in the U.S. More than 25% in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Dominican Republic want to move to the U.S."</a> Gallup. Retrieved January 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+Than+100+Million+Worldwide+Dream+of+a+Life+in+the+U.S.+More+than+25%25+in+Liberia%2C+Sierra+Leone%2C+Dominican+Republic+want+to+move+to+the+U.S.&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F161435%2F100-million-worldwide-dream-life.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-493"><a href="#cite_ref-493">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2022" class="citation web cs1">Kulkarni, Jay (January 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/01/12/attracting-immigrant-talent-with-a-new-american-dream/">"Attracting Immigrant Talent With A New American Dream"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved July 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Attracting+Immigrant+Talent+With+A+New+American+Dream&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fforbesbusinesscouncil%2F2022%2F01%2F12%2Fattracting-immigrant-talent-with-a-new-american-dream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-socialmobility-494"><a href="#cite_ref-socialmobility_494-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/chapter%205%20gfg%202010.pdf">"A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries"</a> (PDF). Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth. OECD. 2010. Retrieved September 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Policy+Reforms%3A+Going+for+Growth&rft.atitle=A+Family+Affair%3A+Intergenerational+Social+Mobility+across+OECD+Countries&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ftax%2Fpublic-finance%2Fchapter%25205%2520gfg%25202010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAP-495"><a href="#cite_ref-CAP_495-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2006/04/26/1917/understanding-mobility-in-america/">"Understanding Mobility in America"</a>. Center for American Progress. April 26, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+American+Progress&rft.atitle=Understanding+Mobility+in+America&rft.date=2006-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanprogress.org%2Fissues%2Feconomy%2Fnews%2F2006%2F04%2F26%2F1917%2Funderstanding-mobility-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-496"><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2012" class="citation web cs1">Gould, Elise (October 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epi.org/publication/usa-lags-peer-countries-mobility/">"U.S. lags behind peer countries in mobility"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_Policy_Institute" title="Economic Policy Institute">Economic Policy Institute</a>. Retrieved July 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=U.S.+lags+behind+peer+countries+in+mobility&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epi.org%2Fpublication%2Fusa-lags-peer-countries-mobility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-497"><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutfeld2002" class="citation book cs1">Gutfeld, Amon (2002). American Exceptionalism: The Effects of Plenty on the American Experience. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-08-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903900-08-6"><bdi>978-1-903900-08-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Exceptionalism%3A+The+Effects+of+Plenty+on+the+American+Experience&rft.place=Brighton+and+Portland&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-903900-08-6&rft.aulast=Gutfeld&rft.aufirst=Amon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZweig2004" class="citation book cs1">Zweig, Michael (2004). What's Class Got To Do With It, American Society in the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8899-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8899-3"><bdi>978-0-8014-8899-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+Class+Got+To+Do+With+It%2C+American+Society+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-8899-3&rft.aulast=Zweig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoff-Ginsberg1989" class="citation report cs1">Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika (April 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED309843">Effects of Social Class and Interactive Setting on Maternal Speech</a> (Report). Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH) – via Education Resource Information Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Effects+of+Social+Class+and+Interactive+Setting+on+Maternal+Speech&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+MD&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Child+Health+and+Human+Development+%28NIH%29&rft.date=1989-04&rft.aulast=Hoff-Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feric.ed.gov%2F%3Fid%3DED309843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> Republished with revisions as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoff-Ginsberg1991" class="citation journal cs1">Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika (1991). "Mother-Child Conversation in Different Social Classes and Communicative Settings". Child Development. 62 (4): 782–796. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.1991.tb01569.x">10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01569.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-3920">0009-3920</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1935343">1935343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development&rft.atitle=Mother-Child+Conversation+in+Different+Social+Classes+and+Communicative+Settings&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=782-796&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0009-3920&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1935343&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8624.1991.tb01569.x&rft.aulast=Hoff-Ginsberg&rft.aufirst=Erika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-500"><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keefe2005" class="citation book cs1">O'Keefe, Kevin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/averageamericant00okee">The Average American</a>. New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-270-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-270-1"><bdi>978-1-58648-270-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Average+American&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-270-1&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faverageamericant00okee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-501"><a href="#cite_ref-501">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-foundation-on-the-arts-and-the-humanities">"National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities"</a>. Federal Register. Retrieved October 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=National+Foundation+on+the+Arts+and+the+Humanities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fagencies%2Fnational-foundation-on-the-arts-and-the-humanities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coleman-2013-502">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman-2013_502-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman-2013_502-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman-2013_502-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Coleman" title="Gabriella Coleman">Coleman, Gabriella</a> (2013). Coding Freedom. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. 10, 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14461-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14461-0"><bdi>978-0-691-14461-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coding+Freedom&rft.pages=10%2C+201&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14461-0&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2012/09/19/161439562/held-dear-in-u-s-free-speech-perplexing-abroad">"Held Dear In U.S., Free Speech Perplexing Abroad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. September 19, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Held+Dear+In+U.S.%2C+Free+Speech+Perplexing+Abroad&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2012%2F09%2F19%2F161439562%2Fheld-dear-in-u-s-free-speech-perplexing-abroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptak2008" class="citation web cs1">Liptak, Adam (June 11, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/world/americas/11iht-hate.4.13645369.html">"Hate speech or free speech? What much of West bans is protected in U.S."</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved February 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hate+speech+or+free+speech%3F+What+much+of+West+bans+is+protected+in+U.S.&rft.date=2008-06-11&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F11%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F11iht-hate.4.13645369.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurkee2018" class="citation web cs1">Durkee, Alison (April 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mic.com/articles/188402/what-if-we-didnt-have-the-first-amendment">"What if we didn't... have the First Amendment?"</a>. Mic. Retrieved February 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mic&rft.atitle=What+if+we+didn%27t...+have+the+First+Amendment%3F&rft.date=2018-04-25&rft.aulast=Durkee&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mic.com%2Farticles%2F188402%2Fwhat-if-we-didnt-have-the-first-amendment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-506"><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWike2016" class="citation web cs1">Wike, Richard (October 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/12/americans-more-tolerant-of-offensive-speech-than-others-in-the-world/">"Americans more tolerant of offensive speech than others in the world"</a>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Americans+more+tolerant+of+offensive+speech+than+others+in+the+world&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft.aulast=Wike&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F10%2F12%2Famericans-more-tolerant-of-offensive-speech-than-others-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2016" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Alex (November 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/freedom-of-speech-country-comparison/">"Freedom of speech: which country has the most?"</a>. World Economic Forum. Retrieved February 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+speech%3A+which+country+has+the+most%3F&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F11%2Ffreedom-of-speech-country-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-508"><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris2023" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Norris" title="Pippa Norris">Norris, Pippa</a> (February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00323217211037023">"Cancel Culture: Myth or Reality?"</a>. Political Studies. 71 (1): 145–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00323217211037023">10.1177/00323217211037023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3217">0032-3217</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238647612">238647612</a>. <q>As predicted, in post-industrial societies, characterized by predominately liberal social cultures, like the US, Sweden, and UK...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Cancel+Culture%3A+Myth+or+Reality%3F&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=145-174&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238647612%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0032-3217&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211037023&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211037023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Derks-2020-509">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Derks-2020_509-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Derks-2020_509-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerksvan_den_Berg2020" class="citation book cs1">Derks, Marco; van den Berg, Mariecke (2020). Public Discourses About Homosexuality and Religion in Europe and Beyond. <a href="/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International Publishing">Springer International Publishing</a>. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-56326-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-56326-4"><bdi>978-3-030-56326-4</bdi></a>. <q>...(the United States and [Western] Europe) as "already in crisis" for their permissive attitudes toward nonnormative sexualities...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Discourses+About+Homosexuality+and+Religion+in+Europe+and+Beyond&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-56326-4&rft.aulast=Derks&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=van+den+Berg%2C+Mariecke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-510"><a href="#cite_ref-510">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeveille2009" class="citation web cs1">Leveille, Dan (December 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index">"LGBT Equality Index: The most LGBT-friendly countries in the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Equaldex" title="Equaldex">Equaldex</a>. Retrieved January 26, 2023. <q>13.) United States</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Equaldex&rft.atitle=LGBT+Equality+Index%3A+The+most+LGBT-friendly+countries+in+the+world&rft.date=2009-12-04&rft.aulast=Leveille&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equaldex.com%2Fequality-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-511"><a href="#cite_ref-511">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarretson2018" class="citation book cs1">Garretson, Jeremiah (2018). "A Transformed Society: LGBT Rights in the United States". The Path to Gay Rights: How Activism and Coming Out Changed Public Opinion. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-5007-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4798-5007-5"><bdi>978-1-4798-5007-5</bdi></a>. <q>In the late 1980s and early 1990s, a dramatic wave began to form in the waters of public opinion: American attitudes involving homosexuality began to change... The transformation of America's response to homosexuality has been — and continues to be — one of the most rapid and sustained shifts in mass attitudes since the start of public polling.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Transformed+Society%3A+LGBT+Rights+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=The+Path+to+Gay+Rights%3A+How+Activism+and+Coming+Out+Changed+Public+Opinion&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4798-5007-5&rft.aulast=Garretson&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-faulkner-512"><a href="#cite_ref-faulkner_512-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelliffe1956" class="citation book cs1">Jelliffe, Robert A. (1956). Faulkner at Nagano. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faulkner+at+Nagano&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Kenkyusha%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Jelliffe&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013157–159-513"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013157–159_513-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 157–159. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994a503–509-514"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauter1994a503–509_514-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994a">Lauter 1994a</a>, pp. 503–509. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013163-515"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013163_515-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-516"><a href="#cite_ref-516">^</a> Mulford, Carla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heathanthologyof00v1unse_e3d7/page/705/mode/1up">"Enlightenment Voices, Revolutionary Visions."</a> In <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994a">Lauter 1994a</a>, pp. 705–707. </li> <li id="cite_note-517"><a href="#cite_ref-517">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLease1972" class="citation book cs1">Lease, Benjamin (1972). That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-46969-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-46969-7"><bdi>0-226-46969-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=That+Wild+Fellow+John+Neal+and+the+American+Literary+Revolution&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-226-46969-7&rft.aulast=Lease&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-518"><a href="#cite_ref-518">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinseth" class="citation web cs1">Finseth, Ian Frederick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230718205554/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA95/finseth/trans.html">"The Emergence of Transcendentalism"</a>. American Studies @ The University of Virginia. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Virginia">The University of Virginia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/trans.html">the original</a> on July 18, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Studies+%40+The+University+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Transcendentalism&rft.aulast=Finseth&rft.aufirst=Ian+Frederick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxroads.virginia.edu%2F~ma95%2Ffinseth%2Ftrans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coviello-519"><a href="#cite_ref-Coviello_519-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoviello2005" class="citation book cs1">Coviello, Peter (2005). "Transcendentalism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195156539.001.0001/acref-9780195156539-e-0294?rskey=lw57LH&result=1">The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195307726" title="Special:BookSources/9780195307726"><bdi>9780195307726</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 23, 2011 – via Oxford Reference Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transcendentalism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+American+Literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780195307726&rft.aulast=Coviello&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195156539.001.0001%2Facref-9780195156539-e-0294%3Frskey%3Dlw57LH%26result%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013444–447-520"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine2013444–447_520-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 444–447. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994a1228,_1233,_1260-521"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauter1994a1228,_1233,_1260_521-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994a">Lauter 1994a</a>, pp. 1228, 1233, 1260. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131269–1270-522"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131269–1270_522-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 1269–1270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994b8–10-523"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauter1994b8–10_523-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994b">Lauter 1994b</a>, pp. 8–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131271–1273-524"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131271–1273_524-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 1271–1273. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELauter1994b12-525"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELauter1994b12_525-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994b">Lauter 1994b</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131850–1851-526"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20131850–1851_526-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 1850–1851. </li> <li id="cite_note-527"><a href="#cite_ref-527">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hortense_Spillers" title="Hortense Spillers">Spillers, Hortense</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heathanthologyof02laut/page/1579">"The New Negro Renaissance."</a> In <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994b">Lauter 1994b</a>, pp. 1579–1585. </li> <li id="cite_note-528"><a href="#cite_ref-528">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilipson2006" class="citation journal cs1">Philipson, Robert (2006). "The Harlem Renaissance as Postcolonial Phenomenon". African American Review. 40 (1): 145–160. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40027037">40027037</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+American+Review&rft.atitle=The+Harlem+Renaissance+as+Postcolonial+Phenomenon&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=145-160&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40027037%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Philipson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132260–2261-529"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132260–2261_529-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 2260–2261. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132262-530"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132262_530-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, p. 2262. </li> <li id="cite_note-531"><a href="#cite_ref-531">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLauter1994b">Lauter 1994b</a>, pp. 1975–1977. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heathanthologyof02laut/page/1972">Literature of the Cold War</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132266–2267-532"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaymLevine20132266–2267_532-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaymLevine2013">Baym & Levine 2013</a>, pp. 2266–2267. </li> <li id="cite_note-533"><a href="#cite_ref-533">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/all/">"All Nobel Prizes in Literature"</a>. The Nobel Prize. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nobel+Prize&rft.atitle=All+Nobel+Prizes+in+Literature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Flists%2Fall-nobel-prizes-in-literature%2Fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-534"><a href="#cite_ref-534">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015023520/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/10/12/business/ap-us-streaming-tv-options.html">"Streaming TV Services: What They Cost, What You Get"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Associated Press. October 12, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/10/12/business/ap-us-streaming-tv-options.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Streaming+TV+Services%3A+What+They+Cost%2C+What+You+Get&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2015%2F10%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fap-us-streaming-tv-options.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-535"><a href="#cite_ref-535">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/audio-and-podcasting/">"Audio and Podcasting Fact Sheet"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. June 29, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Audio+and+Podcasting+Fact+Sheet&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fjournalism%2Ffact-sheet%2Faudio-and-podcasting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-536"><a href="#cite_ref-536">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-367270A1.pdf">"BROADCAST STATION TOTALS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BROADCAST+STATION+TOTALS+AS+OF+SEPTEMBER+30%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.fcc.gov%2Fpublic%2Fattachments%2FDOC-367270A1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-537"><a href="#cite_ref-537">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/192827079/overview-and-history">"History: NPR"</a>. NPR. June 20, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History%3A+NPR&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout-npr%2F192827079%2Foverview-and-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaffer2006-538"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaffer2006_538-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2006" class="citation book cs1">Shaffer, Brenda (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uEOd-cDWVwQC&pg=PA116">The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy</a>. MIT Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-19529-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-19529-4"><bdi>978-0-262-19529-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Limits+of+Culture%3A+Islam+and+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-262-19529-4&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuEOd-cDWVwQC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-539"><a href="#cite_ref-539">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3newspapers.com/usa/spanish">"Spanish Newspapers in United States"</a>. W3newspapers. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Newspapers+in+United+States&rft.pub=W3newspapers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3newspapers.com%2Fusa%2Fspanish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-540"><a href="#cite_ref-540">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626114455/https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm">"Spanish Language Newspapers in the USA : Hispanic Newspapers : Periódiscos en Español en los EE.UU"</a>. Onlinenewspapers.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm">the original</a> on June 26, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Language+Newspapers+in+the+USA+%3A+Hispanic+Newspapers+%3A+Peri%C3%B3discos+en+Espa%C3%B1ol+en+los+EE.UU&rft.pub=Onlinenewspapers.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlinenewspapers.com%2Fusstate%2Fspanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexa-topsitesus-541"><a href="#cite_ref-alexa-topsitesus_541-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621221154/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US">"Top Sites in United States"</a>. Alexa. 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US">the original</a> on June 21, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Sites+in+United+States&rft.pub=Alexa&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Ftopsites%2Fcountries%2FUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-542"><a href="#cite_ref-542">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues">"Top countries and markets by video game revenues"</a>. Newzoo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326135814/https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 6, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newzoo&rft.atitle=Top+countries+and+markets+by+video+game+revenues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewzoo.com%2Fresources%2Frankings%2Ftop-10-countries-by-game-revenues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-543"><a href="#cite_ref-543">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theesa.com/video-game-impact-map/state/california/">"California (CA)"</a>. ESA Impact Map. July 20, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESA+Impact+Map&rft.atitle=California+%28CA%29&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theesa.com%2Fvideo-game-impact-map%2Fstate%2Fcalifornia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saxon2011-544"><a href="#cite_ref-Saxon2011_544-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxon2011" class="citation book cs1">Saxon, Theresa (October 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-AkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">American Theatre: History, Context, Form</a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 7–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3127-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-3127-8"><bdi>978-0-7486-3127-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1162047055">1162047055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Theatre%3A+History%2C+Context%2C+Form&rft.pages=7-&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1162047055&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-3127-8&rft.aulast=Saxon&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-AkDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-545"><a href="#cite_ref-545">^</a> Meserve, Walter J. An Outline History of American Drama, New York: Feedback/Prospero, 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-LondréWatermeier1998-546"><a href="#cite_ref-LondréWatermeier1998_546-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondréWatermeier1998" class="citation book cs1">Londré, Felicia Hardison; Watermeier, Daniel J. (1998). The History of North American Theater: From Pre-Columbian Times to the Present. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1079-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1079-5"><bdi>978-0-8264-1079-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1024855967">1024855967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+North+American+Theater%3A+From+Pre-Columbian+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1024855967&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1079-5&rft.aulast=Londr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Felicia+Hardison&rft.au=Watermeier%2C+Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-547"><a href="#cite_ref-547">^</a> Stephen Watt, and Gary A. Richardson, American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary (1994). </li> <li id="cite_note-548"><a href="#cite_ref-548">^</a> Staff (undated). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/about/index.html">"Who's Who"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223002914/http://www.tonyawards.com/en_US/about/index.html">Archived</a> December 23, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. tonyawards.com. Retrieved September 13, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-549"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_549-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüner2017" class="citation web cs1">Güner, Fisun (February 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170208-how-american-gothic-became-an-icon">"How American Gothic became an icon"</a>. BBC. Retrieved March 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+American+Gothic+became+an+icon&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCner&rft.aufirst=Fisun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20170208-how-american-gothic-became-an-icon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-550"><a href="#cite_ref-550">^</a> American folk art the art of the common man in America, 1750-1900. New York, N.Y.: The Museum of Modern Art. 1932. </li> <li id="cite_note-551"><a href="#cite_ref-551">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1963" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Milton W. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofarmorysho00brow">The Story of the Armory Show</a> (2nd ed.). New York: Abbeville Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89659-795-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89659-795-2"><bdi>978-0-89659-795-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Armory+Show&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-89659-795-2&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Milton+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofarmorysho00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davenport1991-552"><a href="#cite_ref-Davenport1991_552-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport1991" class="citation book cs1">Davenport, Alma (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hca5H_rJZnUC&pg=PA67">The History of Photography: An Overview</a>. UNM Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2076-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2076-6"><bdi>978-0-8263-2076-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Photography%3A+An+Overview&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-2076-6&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Alma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhca5H_rJZnUC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JansonJanson2003-553"><a href="#cite_ref-JansonJanson2003_553-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJansonJanson2003" class="citation book cs1">Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Anthony F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MMYHuvhWBH4C&pg=PT955">History of Art: The Western Tradition</a>. Prentice Hall Professional. p. 955. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-182895-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-182895-7"><bdi>978-0-13-182895-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Art%3A+The+Western+Tradition&rft.pages=955&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+Professional&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-13-182895-7&rft.aulast=Janson&rft.aufirst=Horst+Woldemar&rft.au=Janson%2C+Anthony+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMMYHuvhWBH4C%26pg%3DPT955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-METLargestArtMuseum-554"><a href="#cite_ref-METLargestArtMuseum_554-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_Lester1993" class="citation news cs1">Alfred Lester (December 6, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letter-the-louvre-tourism-on-the-grand-scale-1465736.html">"Letter: The Louvre: tourism on the grand scale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved December 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Letter%3A+The+Louvre%3A+tourism+on+the+grand+scale&rft.date=1993-12-06&rft.au=Alfred+Lester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fletter-the-louvre-tourism-on-the-grand-scale-1465736.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afc-555"><a href="#cite_ref-afc_555-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/guide/folkmusicandsong.html">"Folk Music and Song: American Folklife Center: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress)"</a>. Loc.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loc.gov&rft.atitle=Folk+Music+and+Song%3A+American+Folklife+Center%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide+%28Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ffolklife%2Fguide%2Ffolkmusicandsong.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-556"><a href="#cite_ref-556">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.si.edu/story/musical-crossroads">"Musical Crossroads: African American Influence on American Music"</a>. Smithsonian. September 22, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Musical+Crossroads%3A+African+American+Influence+on+American+Music&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusic.si.edu%2Fstory%2Fmusical-crossroads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-557"><a href="#cite_ref-557">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinans1976" class="citation journal cs1">Winans, Robert B. (1976). "The Folk, the Stage, and the Five-String Banjo in the Nineteenth Century". The Journal of American Folklore. 89 (354). American Folklore Society: 407–437. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F539294">10.2307/539294</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/539294">539294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=The+Folk%2C+the+Stage%2C+and+the+Five-String+Banjo+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=354&rft.pages=407-437&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F539294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F539294%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Winans&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShi2016378-558"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShi2016378_558-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShi2016">Shi 2016</a>, p. 378. </li> <li id="cite_note-axe-559">^ <a href="#cite_ref-axe_559-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-axe_559-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar">"The Invention of the Electric Guitar"</a>. Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation. Smithsonian Institution. April 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lemelson+Center+Studies+in+Invention+and+Innovation&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+the+Electric+Guitar&rft.date=2014-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvention.si.edu%2Finvention-electric-guitar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biddle-2001-560">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biddle-2001_560-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biddle-2001_560-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddle2001" class="citation book cs1">Biddle, Julian (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatwashotroller00bidd/page/">What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America</a>. New York: Citadel. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatwashotroller00bidd/page/">ix</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-2311-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-2311-8"><bdi>978-0-8065-2311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Was+Hot%21%3A+Five+Decades+of+Pop+Culture+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=ix&rft.pub=Citadel&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-2311-8&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatwashotroller00bidd%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-561"><a href="#cite_ref-561">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoia2014" class="citation web cs1">Stoia, Nicholas (October 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/2014/10/early-blues-country-music/">"Early blues and country music"</a>. OUP blog. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUP+blog&rft.atitle=Early+blues+and+country+music&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Stoia&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fearly-blues-country-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-562"><a href="#cite_ref-562">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/bluegrass-music">"Bluegrass music"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Bluegrass+music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fbluegrass-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages28-4-popular-culture-and-mass-media_28.4]-563"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpenStax2014§_[httpsopenstaxorgbooksus-historypages28-4-popular-culture-and-mass-media_28.4]_563-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOpenStax2014">OpenStax 2014</a>, § <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/28-4-popular-culture-and-mass-media">28.4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-564"><a href="#cite_ref-564">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/interactive/lists-100-greatest-songwriters/#bob-dylan">"No. 1 Bob Dylan"</a>. Rolling Stone. April 10, 2020. Retrieved January 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=No.+1+Bob+Dylan&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Finteractive%2Flists-100-greatest-songwriters%2F%23bob-dylan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-565"><a href="#cite_ref-565">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton_Funk2016" class="citation book cs1">Clayton Funk (August 16, 2016). "9. Neo-Expressionism, Punk, and Hip Hop Emerge". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/artandmusicbiographies/chapter/reading-9-neo-expressionism-and-music-reaching-into-the-1980s/">A Quick and Dirty Guide to Art, Music, and Culture</a>. The Ohio State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9.+Neo-Expressionism%2C+Punk%2C+and+Hip+Hop+Emerge&rft.btitle=A+Quick+and+Dirty+Guide+to+Art%2C+Music%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=The+Ohio+State+University&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft.au=Clayton+Funk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fohiostate.pressbooks.pub%2Fartandmusicbiographies%2Fchapter%2Freading-9-neo-expressionism-and-music-reaching-into-the-1980s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-566"><a href="#cite_ref-566">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/reports/2022-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/">"2022 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report"</a>. Record Industry Association of America. Retrieved November 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Year-End+Music+Industry+Revenue+Report&rft.pub=Record+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Freports%2F2022-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-567"><a href="#cite_ref-567">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEoin_Hennessy2014" class="citation web cs1">Eoin Hennessy (March 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universitytimes.ie/2014/03/how-american-music-took-over-the-world/">"How American Music Took Over the World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_University_Times" title="The University Times">The University Times</a>. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+Times&rft.atitle=How+American+Music+Took+Over+the+World&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.au=Eoin+Hennessy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversitytimes.ie%2F2014%2F03%2Fhow-american-music-took-over-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-568"><a href="#cite_ref-568">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/12/08/10-ways-frank-sinatra-changed-world/76381754/">"10 ways that Frank Sinatra changed the world"</a>. USA Today. December 8, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=10+ways+that+Frank+Sinatra+changed+the+world&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2F10-ways-frank-sinatra-changed-world%2F76381754%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-569"><a href="#cite_ref-569">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-universal-music-elvis-idCAKCN2M40UH">"Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. April 12, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Universal+Music+can%27t+help+falling+for+Elvis+Presley%2C+to+manage+song+catalog&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-universal-music-elvis-idCAKCN2M40UH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIAA-570"><a href="#cite_ref-RIAA_570-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/michael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification/">"Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification"</a>. Recording Industry Association of America. December 16, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Jackson%27s+%27Thriller%27+First+Ever+30X+Multi-Platinum+RIAA+Certification&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft.date=2015-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fmichael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-571"><a href="#cite_ref-571">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcos2022" class="citation news cs1">Marcos, Carlos (August 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-08-17/madonna-has-been-scandalizing-people-for-40-years-and-nobodys-going-to-stop-her.html">"Madonna has been scandalizing people for 40 years, and nobody's going to stop her"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. Retrieved August 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Madonna+has+been+scandalizing+people+for+40+years%2C+and+nobody%27s+going+to+stop+her&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft.aulast=Marcos&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Fculture%2F2022-08-17%2Fmadonna-has-been-scandalizing-people-for-40-years-and-nobodys-going-to-stop-her.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rolling_Stone-2023-572"><a href="#cite_ref-Rolling_Stone-2023_572-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/whitney-houston-11-1234643211/">"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time"</a>. Rolling Stone. January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+200+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2Fbest-singers-all-time-1234642307%2Fwhitney-houston-11-1234643211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-573"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_573-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/7348527/prince-tribute-greatest-musical-talent-of-his-generation">"Prince Tribute: The Greatest Musical Talent of His Generation"</a>. Billboard. April 28, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Prince+Tribute%3A+The+Greatest+Musical+Talent+of+His+Generation&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-feature%2F7348527%2Fprince-tribute-greatest-musical-talent-of-his-generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-574"><a href="#cite_ref-574">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828">"Taylor Swift and Beyoncé reporters wanted by biggest newspaper chain in US"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. September 14, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109015600/https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Taylor+Swift+and+Beyonc%C3%A9+reporters+wanted+by+biggest+newspaper+chain+in+US&rft.date=2023-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Ftaylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-575"><a href="#cite_ref-575">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/global-apparel-industry-statistics">"Global Apparel Industry Statistics (2024)"</a>. uniformmarket.com. June 19, 2024. Retrieved August 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uniformmarket.com&rft.atitle=Global+Apparel+Industry+Statistics+%282024%29&rft.date=2024-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniformmarket.com%2Fstatistics%2Fglobal-apparel-industry-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericanClassicFashion-576"><a href="#cite_ref-AmericanClassicFashion_576-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/01/style/american-style-classics/">"American Classics How seven everyday clothing items became American style staples"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Retrieved December 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Classics+How+seven+everyday+clothing+items+became+American+style+staples.&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F01%2Fstyle%2Famerican-style-classics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS-577"><a href="#cite_ref-GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS_577-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Caplin2021" class="citation web cs1">John Caplin (September 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncaplan/2021/09/01/made-in-new-york-the-future-of-new-york-citys-historic-garment-district/amp/">"Made In New York: The Future Of New York City's Historic Garment District"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved December 5, 2023. <q>Spanning just about 20 square blocks between <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penn_Station_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Station (New York)">Penn Station</a> along <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a> (also known as "Fashion Avenue"), the vibrant and always-busy neighborhood has a long and rich history that has become synonymous with American fashion since its inception more than a century ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Made+In+New+York%3A+The+Future+Of+New+York+City%27s+Historic+Garment+District&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.au=John+Caplin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjohncaplan%2F2021%2F09%2F01%2Fmade-in-new-york-the-future-of-new-york-citys-historic-garment-district%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter-578"><a href="#cite_ref-USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter_578-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiana_Juarez2023" class="citation news cs1">Diana Juarez (October 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefordhamram.com/93053/news/fashion-week/">"The Economic Impact of New York Fashion Week"</a>. The Fordham Ram. Retrieved December 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fordham+Ram&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Impact+of+New+York+Fashion+Week&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft.au=Diana+Juarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefordhamram.com%2F93053%2Fnews%2Ffashion-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1-579"><a href="#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1_579-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Bauman2023" class="citation web cs1">Ali Bauman (May 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/">"Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. Retrieved April 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Gala+2023%3A+Fashion%27s+biggest+night+honors+Karl+Lagerfeld&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.au=Ali+Bauman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Famp%2Fnewyork%2Fnews%2Fmet-gala-2023-red-carpet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2-580"><a href="#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2_580-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch">"Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)" title="Glamour (magazine)">Glamour</a>. April 29, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Gala+2024%3A+How+to+Watch+Fashion%27s+Biggest+Night&rft.pub=Glamour&rft.date=2024-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glamour.com%2Fstory%2Fmet-gala-2024-how-to-watch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-581"><a href="#cite_ref-581">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1VbOAAAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA193">Annual Report of the Controller of the City of Los Angeles, California</a>. By<a href="/wiki/Office_controller" title="Office controller">Office of Controller</a> Los Angeles, CA (1914). 1914. Retrieved February 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Controller+of+the+City+of+Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=ByOffice+of+Controller+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+%281914%29&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1VbOAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHollywood%2Bmerged%2Bwith%2BCity%2Bof%2BLos%2BAngeles%2Bin%2B1910%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-582"><a href="#cite_ref-582">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPo2AQAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA173">Report of the Auditor of the City of Los Angeles California of the Financial Affairs of the Corporation in Its Capacity as a City for the Fiscal Year</a>. By <a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor's Office</a> of Los Angeles, CA (1913). 1913. Retrieved February 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Auditor+of+the+City+of+Los+Angeles+California+of+the+Financial+Affairs+of+the+Corporation+in+Its+Capacity+as+a+City+for+the+Fiscal+Year&rft.pub=By+Auditor%27s+Office+of+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+%281913%29&rft.date=1913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPo2AQAAMAAJ%26q%3DHollywood%2Bmerged%2Bwith%2BCity%2Bof%2BLos%2BAngeles%2Bin%2B1910%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-583"><a href="#cite_ref-583">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30707">"Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second-largest film producer"</a> (Press release). United Nations. May 5, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nigeria+surpasses+Hollywood+as+world%27s+second-largest+film+producer&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2009-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3FNewsID%3D30707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kerrigan_Page_18-584"><a href="#cite_ref-Kerrigan_Page_18_584-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrigan2010" class="citation book cs1">Kerrigan, Finola (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ufMdvuuTQ7MC&pg=PA18">Film Marketing</a>. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-8683-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-8683-9"><bdi>978-0-7506-8683-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Marketing&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-8683-9&rft.aulast=Kerrigan&rft.aufirst=Finola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DufMdvuuTQ7MC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-585"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_585-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisDickinsonPattiVillarejo2015" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Glyn; Dickinson, Kay; Patti, Lisa; Villarejo, Amy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA299">Film Studies: A Global Introduction</a>. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-62338-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-62338-0"><bdi>978-1-317-62338-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved August 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Studies%3A+A+Global+Introduction&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-62338-0&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Glyn&rft.au=Dickinson%2C+Kay&rft.au=Patti%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Villarejo%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdnXABgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-586"><a href="#cite_ref-586">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-landis-rails-studios-theyre-659222">"John Landis Rails Against Studios: 'They're Not in the Movie Business Anymore'"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=John+Landis+Rails+Against+Studios%3A+%27They%27re+Not+in+the+Movie+Business+Anymore%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fjohn-landis-rails-studios-theyre-659222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DrowneHuber2004-587"><a href="#cite_ref-DrowneHuber2004_587-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrowneHuber2004" class="citation book cs1">Drowne, Kathleen Morgan; Huber, Patrick (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CecCHiI95dYC&pg=PA236">The 1920s</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32013-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32013-2"><bdi>978-0-313-32013-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1920s&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32013-2&rft.aulast=Drowne&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Morgan&rft.au=Huber%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCecCHiI95dYC%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kroon2014-588"><a href="#cite_ref-Kroon2014_588-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroon2014" class="citation book cs1">Kroon, Richard W. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HjmNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA338">A/V A to Z: An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media, Entertainment and Other Audiovisual Terms</a>. McFarland. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5740-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5740-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-5740-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A%2FV+A+to+Z%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Media%2C+Entertainment+and+Other+Audiovisual+Terms&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5740-3&rft.aulast=Kroon&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHjmNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-589"><a href="#cite_ref-589">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2011" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Charles (June 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-explores-hollywood-golden-age-of-the-1960s-70s/2011/02/10/AGh5xJIH_story.html">"Book explores Hollywood 'Golden Age' of the 1960s-'70s"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Book+explores+Hollywood+%27Golden+Age%27+of+the+1960s-%2770s&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fbook-explores-hollywood-golden-age-of-the-1960s-70s%2F2011%2F02%2F10%2FAGh5xJIH_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-590"><a href="#cite_ref-590">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanner2012" class="citation news cs1">Banner, Lois (August 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html">"Marilyn Monroe, the eternal shape shifter"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Marilyn+Monroe%2C+the+eternal+shape+shifter&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.aulast=Banner&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fla-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-591"><a href="#cite_ref-591">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRick2008" class="citation web cs1">Rick, Jewell (August 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822102812/https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html">"John Wayne, an American Icon"</a>. University of Southern California. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Wayne%2C+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=University+of+Southern+California&rft.date=2008-08-08&rft.aulast=Rick&rft.aufirst=Jewell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fuscnews%2Fstories%2F15465.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greven2013-592"><a href="#cite_ref-Greven2013_592-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreven2013" class="citation book cs1">Greven, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIyNBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">Psycho-Sexual: Male Desire in Hitchcock, De Palma, Scorsese, and Friedkin</a>. University of Texas Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-74204-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-74204-8"><bdi>978-0-292-74204-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psycho-Sexual%3A+Male+Desire+in+Hitchcock%2C+De+Palma%2C+Scorsese%2C+and+Friedkin&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-292-74204-8&rft.aulast=Greven&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIyNBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrison1998-593"><a href="#cite_ref-Morrison1998_593-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison1998" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dWRif68I3igC&pg=PA11">Passport to Hollywood: Hollywood Films, European Directors</a>. SUNY Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3938-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3938-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-3938-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Passport+to+Hollywood%3A+Hollywood+Films%2C+European+Directors&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3938-8&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdWRif68I3igC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RE-594"><a href="#cite_ref-RE_594-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeitz2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Zoller_Seitz" title="Matt Zoller Seitz">Seitz, Matt Zoller</a> (April 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/mzs/avengers-mcu-and-the-content-endgame">"What's Next: Avengers, MCU, Game of Thrones, and the Content Endgame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved July 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+Next%3A+Avengers%2C+MCU%2C+Game+of+Thrones%2C+and+the+Content+Endgame&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Seitz&rft.aufirst=Matt+Zoller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Fmzs%2Favengers-mcu-and-the-content-endgame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-595"><a href="#cite_ref-595">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Avery2023" class="citation web cs1">Hannah Avery (January 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/technology/us-streaming-market-growth-continues-despite-changes-in-the-industry">"US streaming market growth continues, despite changes in the industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kantar_Group" title="Kantar Group">Kantar Group</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kantar+Group&rft.atitle=US+streaming+market+growth+continues%2C+despite+changes+in+the+industry&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft.au=Hannah+Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantar.com%2Finspiration%2Ftechnology%2Fus-streaming-market-growth-continues-despite-changes-in-the-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheat-596"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheat_596-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091011012758/https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/">"Wheat Info"</a>. Wheatworld.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/">the original</a> on October 11, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wheatworld.org&rft.atitle=Wheat+Info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wheatworld.org%2Fwheat-info%2Ffast-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-597"><a href="#cite_ref-597">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aihd.ku.edu/recipes/index.html">"Traditional Indigenous Recipes"</a>. American Indian Health and Diet Project. Retrieved September 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+Indigenous+Recipes&rft.pub=American+Indian+Health+and+Diet+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faihd.ku.edu%2Frecipes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-598"><a href="#cite_ref-598">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkenuwa2015" class="citation book cs1">Akenuwa, Ambrose (July 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.apple.com/us/book/is-the-united-states-still-the-land-of-the/id1017814038">Is the United States Still the Land of the Free and Home to the Brave?</a>. Lulu Press. pp. 92–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-329-26112-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-329-26112-9"><bdi>978-1-329-26112-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved November 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+the+United+States+Still+the+Land+of+the+Free+and+Home+to+the+Brave%3F&rft.pages=92-94&rft.pub=Lulu+Press&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.isbn=978-1-329-26112-9&rft.aulast=Akenuwa&rft.aufirst=Ambrose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.apple.com%2Fus%2Fbook%2Fis-the-united-states-still-the-land-of-the%2Fid1017814038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mintz1996-599"><a href="#cite_ref-Mintz1996_599-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidney_Wilfred_Mintz1996" class="citation book cs1">Sidney Wilfred Mintz (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tastingfoodtasti00mint_0">Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions Into Eating, Culture, and the Past</a>. Beacon Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tastingfoodtasti00mint_0/page/134">134</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-4629-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-4629-6"><bdi>978-0-8070-4629-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasting+Food%2C+Tasting+Freedom%3A+Excursions+Into+Eating%2C+Culture%2C+and+the+Past&rft.pages=134-&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-4629-6&rft.au=Sidney+Wilfred+Mintz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftastingfoodtasti00mint_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-600"><a href="#cite_ref-600">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiner2001" class="citation book cs1">Diner, Hasia (2001). Hungering for America: Italian, Irish, and Jewish Foodways in the Age of Migration. Cmabridge: Harvard University Press. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hungering+for+America%3A+Italian%2C+Irish%2C+and+Jewish+Foodways+in+the+Age+of+Migration&rft.place=Cmabridge&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Diner&rft.aufirst=Hasia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-601"><a href="#cite_ref-601">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoe1999" class="citation journal cs1">Poe, Tracy N. (February 1999). "The Origins of Soul Food in Black Urban Identity: Chicago, 1915-1947". American Studies International. 37 (1): 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Studies+International&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Soul+Food+in+Black+Urban+Identity%3A+Chicago%2C+1915-1947&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1999-02&rft.aulast=Poe&rft.aufirst=Tracy+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-602"><a href="#cite_ref-602">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawthon2020" class="citation web cs1">Cawthon, Haley (December 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/news/2020/12/31/consumer-spending-data-kfc-is-the-most-popular.html">"KFC is America's favorite fried chicken, data suggests"</a>. The Business Journals. Retrieved May 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Journals&rft.atitle=KFC+is+America%27s+favorite+fried+chicken%2C+data+suggests&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft.aulast=Cawthon&rft.aufirst=Haley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Flouisville%2Fnews%2F2020%2F12%2F31%2Fconsumer-spending-data-kfc-is-the-most-popular.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-603"><a href="#cite_ref-603">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2016" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Joan (May 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/food/america/the-history-of-the-pizza/">"How Pizza Became America's Favorite Food"</a>. Paste. Retrieved May 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=How+Pizza+Became+America%27s+Favorite+Food&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Ffood%2Famerica%2Fthe-history-of-the-pizza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IFT-604"><a href="#cite_ref-IFT_604-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlapthor,_James_N.2003" class="citation web cs1">Klapthor, James N. (August 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newswise.com/articles/what-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003">"What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003"</a>. Newswise/Institute of Food Technologists. Retrieved June 19, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%2C+When%2C+and+Where+Americans+Eat+in+2003&rft.pub=Newswise%2FInstitute+of+Food+Technologists&rft.date=2003-08-23&rft.au=Klapthor%2C+James+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswise.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-605"><a href="#cite_ref-605">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciachef.edu/our-story/">"Our Story: CIA History | Culinary Institute of America"</a>. ciachef.edu. Retrieved October 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ciachef.edu&rft.atitle=Our+Story%3A+CIA+History+%7C+Culinary+Institute+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciachef.edu%2Four-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTfbs-606"><a href="#cite_ref-FTfbs_606-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAverbuch2015" class="citation news cs1">Averbuch, Bonnie (September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foodtank.com/news/2015/09/attention-food-entrepreneurs-its-time-to-head-back-to-school/">"Attention Food Entrepreneurs: School's Back in Business"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Food_Tank" title="Food Tank">Food Tank</a>. Retrieved June 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Attention+Food+Entrepreneurs%3A+School%27s+Back+in+Business&rft.date=2015-09&rft.aulast=Averbuch&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoodtank.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Fattention-food-entrepreneurs-its-time-to-head-back-to-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:p-607">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:p_607-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:p_607-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownfield2020" class="citation web cs1">Brownfield, Andy (March 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2020/03/20/cincinnati-restaurants-ask-feds-for-coronavirus.html">"Cincinnati restaurants ask feds for coronavirus bailout"</a>. login.research.cincinnatilibrary.org. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=login.research.cincinnatilibrary.org&rft.atitle=Cincinnati+restaurants+ask+feds+for+coronavirus+bailout&rft.date=2020-03-20&rft.aulast=Brownfield&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fcincinnati%2Fnews%2F2020%2F03%2F20%2Fcincinnati-restaurants-ask-feds-for-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramirez-608"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramirez_608-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamirez" class="citation web cs1">Ramirez, Elva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/elvaramirez/2020/03/19/the-restaurant-industry-needs-a-coronavirus-bailout-will-they-get-it/">"The Restaurant Industry Needs A Coronavirus Bailout. Will They Get It?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Restaurant+Industry+Needs+A+Coronavirus+Bailout.+Will+They+Get+It%3F&rft.aulast=Ramirez&rft.aufirst=Elva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Felvaramirez%2F2020%2F03%2F19%2Fthe-restaurant-industry-needs-a-coronavirus-bailout-will-they-get-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noguchi-2020-609"><a href="#cite_ref-Noguchi-2020_609-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoguchi2020" class="citation web cs1">Noguchi, Yuki (March 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/03/22/819189939/closed-all-at-once-restaurant-industry-faces-collapse">"Closed All At Once: Restaurant Industry Faces Collapse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Closed+All+At+Once%3A+Restaurant+Industry+Faces+Collapse&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2020-03-22&rft.aulast=Noguchi&rft.aufirst=Yuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F03%2F22%2F819189939%2Fclosed-all-at-once-restaurant-industry-faces-collapse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-610"><a href="#cite_ref-610">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/stephanie-ruhle/watch/restaurant-industry-reeling-from-coronavirus-80967237571">"Restaurant industry reeling from coronavirus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Restaurant+industry+reeling+from+coronavirus&rft.pub=MSNBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fstephanie-ruhle%2Fwatch%2Frestaurant-industry-reeling-from-coronavirus-80967237571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-611"><a href="#cite_ref-611">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guide.michelin.com/en/us/new-york-state/new-york/restaurants/1-star-michelin/2-stars-michelin/3-stars-michelin">"Restaurants"</a>. Michelin Guide. Retrieved August 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michelin+Guide&rft.atitle=Restaurants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguide.michelin.com%2Fen%2Fus%2Fnew-york-state%2Fnew-york%2Frestaurants%2F1-star-michelin%2F2-stars-michelin%2F3-stars-michelin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-612"><a href="#cite_ref-612">^</a> United States Department of Agriculture "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/agx/ISMG/Global%20Wine%20Report%20Final%20Aug2006.pdf">Global Wine Report August 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408235146/http://www.fas.usda.gov/agx/ISMG/Global%20Wine%20Report%20Final%20Aug2006.pdf">Archived</a> April 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", pp. 7-9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Birchell_Steel_2013_p.-613"><a href="#cite_ref-Birchell_Steel_2013_p._613-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirchellSteel2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Birchell, D.B.; Steel, G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5f0kvgAACAAJ">New Mexico Wine: An Enchanting History</a>. American Palate Series (in Italian). American Palate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-643-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-643-2"><bdi>978-1-60949-643-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved November 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico+Wine%3A+An+Enchanting+History&rft.series=American+Palate+Series&rft.pub=American+Palate&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-60949-643-2&rft.aulast=Birchell&rft.aufirst=D.B.&rft.au=Steel%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5f0kvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Mexico._Office_of_Cultural_Affairs_1995_p.-614"><a href="#cite_ref-New_Mexico._Office_of_Cultural_Affairs_1995_p._614-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_Mexico._Office_of_Cultural_Affairs1995" class="citation book cs1">New Mexico. Office of Cultural Affairs (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvoRAQAAIAAJ">Enchanted Lifeways: The History, Museums, Arts & Festivals of New Mexico</a>. New Mexico Magazine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937206-39-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937206-39-3"><bdi>978-0-937206-39-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved November 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enchanted+Lifeways%3A+The+History%2C+Museums%2C+Arts+%26+Festivals+of+New+Mexico&rft.pub=New+Mexico+Magazine&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-937206-39-3&rft.au=New+Mexico.+Office+of+Cultural+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnvoRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sotheby,_p._462-615"><a href="#cite_ref-Sotheby,_p._462_615-0">^</a> T. Stevenson, The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia Fourth Edition, p. 462, Dorling Kindersly, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1324-8">0-7566-1324-8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford,_p._719-616"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford,_p._719_616-0">^</a> J. Robinson, ed. The Oxford Companion to Wine, Third Edition, p. 719; Oxford University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860990-6">0-19-860990-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-617"><a href="#cite_ref-617">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/12/11/1198909271/1a-draft-12-11-2023">"America's Love Of Drive-thrus"</a>. NPR. December 11, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=America%27s+Love+Of+Drive-thrus&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2F1198909271%2F1a-draft-12-11-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-drivethru-618"><a href="#cite_ref-drivethru_618-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisegeek.org/when-was-the-first-drive-thru-restaurant-created.htm">"When Was the First Drive-Thru Restaurant Created?"</a>. Wisegeek.org. Retrieved January 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wisegeek.org&rft.atitle=When+Was+the+First+Drive-Thru+Restaurant+Created%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.org%2Fwhen-was-the-first-drive-thru-restaurant-created.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-619"><a href="#cite_ref-619">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon2020" class="citation web cs1">Sheldon, Andrew (July 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazine.northeast.aaa.com/daily/life/cars-trucks/auto-history/history-of-the-drive-thru/">"The History of the Drive-Thru in America"</a>. Your AAA Network.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+AAA+Network&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Drive-Thru+in+America&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmagazine.northeast.aaa.com%2Fdaily%2Flife%2Fcars-trucks%2Fauto-history%2Fhistory-of-the-drive-thru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pavlova-2019-620"><a href="#cite_ref-Pavlova-2019_620-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlova2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Pavlova, Rada (April 8, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalist.yale.edu/in-the-magazine/globalization-of-american-fast-food-chains-the-pinnacle-of-effective-management-and-adaptability/">"Globalization of American Fast-Food Chains: the Pinnacle of Effective Management and Adaptability – The Yale Globalist"</a>. The Yale Globalist. Retrieved May 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yale+Globalist&rft.atitle=Globalization+of+American+Fast-Food+Chains%3A+the+Pinnacle+of+Effective+Management+and+Adaptability+%E2%80%93+The+Yale+Globalist&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft.aulast=Pavlova&rft.aufirst=Rada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalist.yale.edu%2Fin-the-magazine%2Fglobalization-of-american-fast-food-chains-the-pinnacle-of-effective-management-and-adaptability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-621"><a href="#cite_ref-621">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/4735/sports.aspx">"Sports"</a>. Gallup, Inc. September 25, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sports&rft.pub=Gallup%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F4735%2Fsports.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-622"><a href="#cite_ref-622">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrasnoff2017" class="citation news cs1">Krasnoff, Lindsay Sarah (December 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/12/26/how-the-nba-went-global/">"How the NBA went global"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2269358">2269358</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226153302/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/12/26/how-the-nba-went-global/">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+the+NBA+went+global&rft.date=2017-12-26&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2269358&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Krasnoff&rft.aufirst=Lindsay+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmade-by-history%2Fwp%2F2017%2F12%2F26%2Fhow-the-nba-went-global%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-liss-623"><a href="#cite_ref-liss_623-0">^</a> Liss, Howard. Lacrosse (Funk & Wagnalls, 1970) pg 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-624"><a href="#cite_ref-624">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pwcstudy-idUSN1738075220080618">"Global sports market to hit $141 billion in 2012"</a>. Reuters. June 18, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Global+sports+market+to+hit+%24141+billion+in+2012&rft.date=2008-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pwcstudy-idUSN1738075220080618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-625"><a href="#cite_ref-625">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrane,_David_K.2002" class="citation web cs1">Krane, David K. (October 30, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709111448/https://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337">"Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport"</a>. Harris Interactive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337">the original</a> on July 9, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professional+Football+Widens+Its+Lead+Over+Baseball+as+Nation%27s+Favorite+Sport&rft.pub=Harris+Interactive&rft.date=2002-10-30&rft.au=Krane%2C+David+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harrisinteractive.com%2FInsights%2FHarrisVault8482.aspx%3FPID%3D337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> MacCambridge, Michael (2004). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50454-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50454-9">978-0-375-50454-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-626"><a href="#cite_ref-626">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuliza2019" class="citation web cs1">Guliza, Anthony (August 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/27321898/how-nfl-took-america-100-years">"How the NFL took over America in 100 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. Retrieved May 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+NFL+took+over+America+in+100+years&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2019-08-14&rft.aulast=Guliza&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnfl%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F27321898%2Fhow-nfl-took-america-100-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-627"><a href="#cite_ref-627">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309053431/https://www.harrisinteractive.com/vault/Harris%20Poll%205%20-%202014%20Fave%20Sport_1.16.14.pdf">"As American as Mom, Apple Pie and Football? Football continues to trump baseball as America's Favorite Sport"</a> (PDF). Harris Interactive. January 16, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harrisinteractive.com/vault/Harris%20Poll%205%20-%202014%20Fave%20Sport_1.16.14.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 9, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harris+Interactive&rft.atitle=As+American+as+Mom%2C+Apple+Pie+and+Football%3F+Football+continues+to+trump+baseball+as+America%27s+Favorite+Sport&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harrisinteractive.com%2Fvault%2FHarris%2520Poll%25205%2520-%25202014%2520Fave%2520Sport_1.16.14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-628"><a href="#cite_ref-628">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowen,_TylerGrier,_Kevin2012" class="citation web cs1">Cowen, Tyler; Grier, Kevin (February 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7559458/cte-concussion-crisis-economic-look-end-football">"What Would the End of Football Look Like?"</a>. Grantland/ESPN. Retrieved February 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Would+the+End+of+Football+Look+Like%3F&rft.pub=Grantland%2FESPN&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft.au=Cowen%2C+Tyler&rft.au=Grier%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grantland.com%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F7559458%2Fcte-concussion-crisis-economic-look-end-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-si-629"><a href="#cite_ref-si_629-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/college-basketball/2018/03/07/ncaa-1-billion-revenue">"Sports Illustrated: NCAA Reports $1.1 Billion in Revenues"</a>. Sports Illustrated. March 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Sports+Illustrated%3A+NCAA+Reports+%241.1+Billion+in+Revenues&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fcollege-basketball%2F2018%2F03%2F07%2Fncaa-1-billion-revenue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-630"><a href="#cite_ref-630">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075223/https://www.footballfoundation.org/tabid/567/Article/53380/Passion-for-College-Football-Remains-Robust.aspx">"Passion for College Football Remains Robust"</a>. National Football Foundation. March 19, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.footballfoundation.org/tabid/567/Article/53380/Passion-for-College-Football-Remains-Robust.aspx">the original</a> on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passion+for+College+Football+Remains+Robust&rft.pub=National+Football+Foundation&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.footballfoundation.org%2Ftabid%2F567%2FArticle%2F53380%2FPassion-for-College-Football-Remains-Robust.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-631"><a href="#cite_ref-631">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosandich2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rosandich, Thomas (2002). "Collegiate Sports Programs: A Comparative Analysis". Education. 122 (3). Project Innovation Austin LLC.: 471.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education&rft.atitle=Collegiate+Sports+Programs%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=471&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Rosandich&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-632"><a href="#cite_ref-632">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchausWenn2007" class="citation book cs1">Schaus, Gerald P.; Wenn, Stephen R. (February 9, 2007). Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games. <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University_Press" title="Wilfrid Laurier University Press">Wilfrid Laurier University Press</a>. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-505-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-505-5"><bdi>978-0-88920-505-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onward+to+the+Olympics%3A+Historical+Perspectives+on+the+Olympic+Games&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-505-5&rft.aulast=Schaus&rft.aufirst=Gerald+P.&rft.au=Wenn%2C+Stephen+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-633"><a href="#cite_ref-633">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greatestsportingnation.com/">"Greatest Sporting Nation"</a>. greatestsportingnation.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greatestsportingnation.com&rft.atitle=Greatest+Sporting+Nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreatestsportingnation.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-634"><a href="#cite_ref-634">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/sports/olympics/the-1000-medals-of-the-united-states/">"1,000 times gold – The thousand medals of Team USA – Washington Post"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=1%2C000+times+gold+%E2%80%93+The+thousand+medals+of+Team+USA+%E2%80%93+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2Fsports%2Folympics%2Fthe-1000-medals-of-the-united-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-635"><a href="#cite_ref-635">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2014" class="citation news cs1">Chase, Chris (February 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ftw.usatoday.com/2014/02/winter-olympics-medal-count-sochi-all-time-facts/">"The 10 most fascinating facts about the all-time Winter Olympics medal standings"</a>. USA Today. Retrieved February 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=The+10+most+fascinating+facts+about+the+all-time+Winter+Olympics+medal+standings&rft.date=2014-02-07&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fftw.usatoday.com%2F2014%2F02%2Fwinter-olympics-medal-count-sochi-all-time-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoumena2014" class="citation news cs1">Loumena, Dan (February 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/la-sp-a-history-of-the-winter-olympic-medals-20140206-story.html">"With Sochi Olympics approaching, a history of Winter Olympic medals"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=With+Sochi+Olympics+approaching%2C+a+history+of+Winter+Olympic+medals&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Loumena&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fla-sp-a-history-of-the-winter-olympic-medals-20140206-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-636"><a href="#cite_ref-636">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlisle2020" class="citation web cs1">Carlisle, Jeff (April 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/soccer/major-league-soccer/story/4082408/mls-year-one25-seasons-ago-the-wild-west-of-trainingtravelhockey-shootouts-and-american-soccer">"MLS Year One, 25 seasons ago: The Wild West of training, travel, hockey shootouts and American soccer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. Retrieved May 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MLS+Year+One%2C+25+seasons+ago%3A+The+Wild+West+of+training%2C+travel%2C+hockey+shootouts+and+American+soccer&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2020-04-06&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fsoccer%2Fmajor-league-soccer%2Fstory%2F4082408%2Fmls-year-one25-seasons-ago-the-wild-west-of-trainingtravelhockey-shootouts-and-american-soccer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-637"><a href="#cite_ref-637">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWamsley2022" class="citation news cs1">Wamsley, Laurel (June 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/06/16/1105562734/us-cities-hosting-2026-world-cup-announcement">"The U.S. cities hosting the 2026 World Cup are announced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved April 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+cities+hosting+the+2026+World+Cup+are+announced&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft.aulast=Wamsley&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F06%2F16%2F1105562734%2Fus-cities-hosting-2026-world-cup-announcement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-638"><a href="#cite_ref-638">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerson2020" class="citation news cs1">Gerson, Aria (July 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2020/07/10/1999-womens-world-cup-uswnt-iconic-moments-brandi-chastain/5405459002/">"Impact of 1999 Women's World Cup went far beyond Brandi Chastain's iconic goal"</a>. USA Today. Retrieved February 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Impact+of+1999+Women%27s+World+Cup+went+far+beyond+Brandi+Chastain%27s+iconic+goal&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=Aria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2F2020%2F07%2F10%2F1999-womens-world-cup-uswnt-iconic-moments-brandi-chastain%2F5405459002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaymLevine2013" class="citation book cs1">Baym, Nina; Levine, Robert S., eds. (2013). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (Shorter eighth. ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-91885-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-91885-4"><bdi>978-0-393-91885-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Norton+Anthology+of+American+Literature&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=Shorter+eighth.&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-393-91885-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bianchine" class="citation journal cs1">Bianchine, Peter J.; Russo, Thomas A. (1992). "The Role of Epidemic Infectious Diseases in the Discovery of America". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 13 (5): 225–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2500%2F108854192778817040">10.2500/108854192778817040</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1483570">1483570</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Allergy+and+Asthma+Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Epidemic+Infectious+Diseases+in+the+Discovery+of+America&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=225-232&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2500%2F108854192778817040&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1483570&rft.aulast=Bianchine&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft.au=Russo%2C+Thomas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackhawk2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Ned_Blackhawk" title="Ned Blackhawk">Blackhawk, Ned</a> (2023). "'The Centrality of Dispossession': Native American Genocide and Settler Colonialism". In Blackhawk, Ned; <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kiernan" title="Ben Kiernan">Kiernan, Ben</a>; Madley, Benjamin; <a href="/wiki/Rebe_Taylor" title="Rebe Taylor">Taylor, Rebe</a> (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Genocide. Vol. 2: Genocide in the Indigenous, Early Modern and Imperial Worlds, from c.1535 to World War One. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 23–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108765480.002">10.1017/9781108765480.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27The+Centrality+of+Dispossession%27%3A+Native+American+Genocide+and+Settler+Colonialism&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+World+History+of+Genocide&rft.pages=23-45&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108765480.002&rft.aulast=Blackhawk&rft.aufirst=Ned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Blakeley" class="citation book cs1">Blakeley, Ruth (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415462402/">State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-68617-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-68617-4"><bdi>978-0-415-68617-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Terrorism+and+Neoliberalism%3A+The+North+in+the+South&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-68617-4&rft.aulast=Blakeley&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415462402%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Boyer" class="citation book cs1">Boyer, Paul S.; Clark Jr., Clifford E.; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9KT3lI76-0cC">The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People</a>. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning. p. 588. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-80161-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-80161-9"><bdi>978-0-618-80161-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enduring+Vision%3A+A+History+of+the+American+People&rft.pages=588&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-618-80161-9&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Paul+S.&rft.au=Clark+Jr.%2C+Clifford+E.&rft.au=Kett%2C+Joseph+F.&rft.au=Salisbury%2C+Neal&rft.au=Sitkoff%2C+Harvard&rft.au=Woloch%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9KT3lI76-0cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Calloway1998" class="citation book cs1">Calloway, Colin G. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edYbAZ7ECEoC">New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">JHU Press</a>. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5959-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5959-5"><bdi>978-0-8018-5959-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Worlds+for+All%3A+Indians%2C+Europeans%2C+and+the+Remaking+of+Early+America&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-5959-5&rft.aulast=Calloway&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DedYbAZ7ECEoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Cohen" class="citation magazine cs1">Cohen, Eliot A. (July–August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/59919/eliot-a-cohen/history-and-the-hyperpower">"History and the Hyperpower"</a>. Foreign Affairs. Washington, DC. Retrieved July 14, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=History+and+the+Hyperpower&rft.date=2004-07%2F2004-08&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Eliot+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F59919%2Feliot-a-cohen%2Fhistory-and-the-hyperpower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpenStax2014" class="citation book cs1">Corbett, P. Scott; Janssen, Volker; Lund, John M.; Pfannestiel, Todd; Waskiewicz, Sylvie; Vickery, Paul (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/1-introduction">U.S. History</a>. Houston, Texas: OpenStax at Rice University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+History&rft.place=Houston%2C+Texas&rft.pub=OpenStax+at+Rice+University&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=P.+Scott&rft.au=Janssen%2C+Volker&rft.au=Lund%2C+John+M.&rft.au=Pfannestiel%2C+Todd&rft.au=Waskiewicz%2C+Sylvie&rft.au=Vickery%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenstax.org%2Fbooks%2Fus-history%2Fpages%2F1-introduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BBC18may" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1217752.stm">"Country Profile: United States of America"</a>. BBC News. London. April 22, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Country+Profile%3A+United+States+of+America&rft.date=2008-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1217752.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Davis96" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Kenneth C. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_1/page/518">Don't know much about the Civil War</a>. New York: William Marrow and Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dontknowmuchabou00davi_1/page/518">518</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-11814-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-11814-3"><bdi>978-0-688-11814-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don%27t+know+much+about+the+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=518&rft.pub=William+Marrow+and+Co.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-688-11814-3&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdontknowmuchabou00davi_1%2Fpage%2F518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Daynes" class="citation book cs1">Daynes, Byron W.; Sussman, Glen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whitehousepoliti0000dayn">White House Politics and the Environment: Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Press" title="Texas A&M University Press">Texas A&M University Press</a>. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-254-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60344-254-1"><bdi>978-1-60344-254-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/670419432">670419432</a>. <q>Presidential environmental policies, 1933–2009</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+House+Politics+and+the+Environment%3A+Franklin+D.+Roosevelt+to+George+W.+Bush&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F670419432&rft.isbn=978-1-60344-254-1&rft.aulast=Daynes&rft.aufirst=Byron+W.&rft.au=Sussman%2C+Glen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhitehousepoliti0000dayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoner2020" class="citation book cs1">Foner, Eric (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/give-me-liberty-an-american-history-eric-foner-z-lib.org_20220819">Give Me Liberty: An American History</a>. Vol. 1 (6th ed.). New York - London: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-44123-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-44123-9"><bdi>978-0-393-44123-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Give+Me+Liberty%3A+An+American+History&rft.place=New+York+-+London&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-393-44123-9&rft.aulast=Foner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgive-me-liberty-an-american-history-eric-foner-z-lib.org_20220819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"> Ebook.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlandsonRickVellanoweth2008" class="citation book cs1">Erlandson, Jon M; Rick, Torben C; Vellanoweth, Rene L (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GeTv2lmb79UC&pg=PA19">A Canyon Through Time: Archaeology, History, and Ecology of the Tecolote Canyon Area, Santa Barbara County</a>. California: University of Utah Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87480-879-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87480-879-7"><bdi>978-0-87480-879-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Canyon+Through+Time%3A+Archaeology%2C+History%2C+and+Ecology+of+the+Tecolote+Canyon+Area%2C+Santa+Barbara+County&rft.place=California&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87480-879-7&rft.aulast=Erlandson&rft.aufirst=Jon+M&rft.au=Rick%2C+Torben+C&rft.au=Vellanoweth%2C+Rene+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGeTv2lmb79UC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Feldstein" class="citation book cs1">Feldstein, Sylvan G.; Fabozzi, Frank J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Juc4fb1Fx1cC">The Handbook of Municipal Bonds</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 1376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-04494-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-04494-0"><bdi>978-1-118-04494-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Municipal+Bonds&rft.pages=1376&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-118-04494-0&rft.aulast=Feldstein&rft.aufirst=Sylvan+G.&rft.au=Fabozzi%2C+Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJuc4fb1Fx1cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlannery2015" class="citation book cs1">Flannery, Tim (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mkkyBgAAQBAJ">The Eternal Frontier: An Ecological History of North America and Its Peoples</a>. Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9109-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-9109-0"><bdi>978-0-8021-9109-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eternal+Frontier%3A+An+Ecological+History+of+North+America+and+Its+Peoples&rft.pub=Open+Road+%2B+Grove%2FAtlantic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-9109-0&rft.aulast=Flannery&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkkyBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Fraser" class="citation book cs1">Fraser, Steve; <a href="/wiki/Gary_Gerstle" title="Gary Gerstle">Gerstle, Gary</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yd4GqkP5XYgC&pg=PA229">The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order: 1930–1980</a>. American History: Political science. Princeton University Press. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00607-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-00607-9"><bdi>978-0-691-00607-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+New+Deal+Order%3A+1930%E2%80%931980&rft.series=American+History%3A+Political+science&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00607-9&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Gerstle%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyd4GqkP5XYgC%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaddis1972" class="citation book cs1">Gaddis, John Lewis (1972). The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941–1947. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12239-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12239-9"><bdi>978-0-231-12239-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+the+Origins+of+the+Cold+War%2C+1941%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12239-9&rft.aulast=Gaddis&rft.aufirst=John+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gordon" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Steele_Gordon" title="John Steele Gordon">Gordon, John Steele</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofwealthth00gord">An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Economic Power</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-009362-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-009362-4"><bdi>978-0-06-009362-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Empire+of+Wealth%3A+The+Epic+History+of+American+Economic+Power&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-06-009362-4&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=John+Steele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofwealthth00gord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHainesHainesSteckel2000" class="citation book cs1">Haines, Michael Robert; Haines, Michael R.; Steckel, Richard H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&pg=PA12">A Population History of North America</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49666-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49666-7"><bdi>978-0-521-49666-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Population+History+of+North+America&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49666-7&rft.aulast=Haines&rft.aufirst=Michael+Robert&rft.au=Haines%2C+Michael+R.&rft.au=Steckel%2C+Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBPdgiysIVcgC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hayes" class="citation news cs1">Hayes, Nick (November 6, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2009/11/looking-back-20-years-who-deserves-credit-ending-cold-war">"Looking back 20 years: Who deserves credit for ending the Cold War?"</a>. MinnPost. Retrieved March 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MinnPost&rft.atitle=Looking+back+20+years%3A+Who+deserves+credit+for+ending+the+Cold+War%3F&rft.date=2009-11-06&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minnpost.com%2Fpolitics-policy%2F2009%2F11%2Flooking-back-20-years-who-deserves-credit-ending-cold-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoopesBrinkley1997" class="citation book cs1">Hoopes, Townsend; Brinkley, Douglas (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fdrcreationofun00hoop">FDR and the Creation of the U.N</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08553-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08553-2"><bdi>978-0-300-08553-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FDR+and+the+Creation+of+the+U.N&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08553-2&rft.aulast=Hoopes&rft.aufirst=Townsend&rft.au=Brinkley%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffdrcreationofun00hoop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2008" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Daniel Walker (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whathathgodwroug00howe">What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195078947" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195078947"><bdi>978-0195078947</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hath+God+Wrought%3A+The+Transformation+of+America%2C+1815%E2%80%931848&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0195078947&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhathathgodwroug00howe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1997" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Paul (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RXSVQjz1_tMC">A History of the American People</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-195213-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-195213-5"><bdi>978-0-06-195213-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+American+People&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-06-195213-5&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRXSVQjz1_tMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2016" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Paul (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=idw0DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA590">The Sage Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives</a>. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-5988-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-5988-5"><bdi>978-1-4833-5988-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sage+Encyclopedia+of+War%3A+Social+Science+Perspectives&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-5988-5&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Didw0DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauter1994a" class="citation book cs1">Lauter, Paul, ed. (1994a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heathanthologyof00v1unse_e3d7">The Heath Anthology of American Literature</a>. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-669-32972-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-669-32972-X"><bdi>0-669-32972-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heath+Anthology+of+American+Literature&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=D.C.+Heath+and+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-669-32972-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheathanthologyof00v1unse_e3d7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLauter1994b" class="citation book cs1">Lauter, Paul, ed. (1994b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heathanthologyof02laut/page/n2/mode/1up">The Heath Anthology of American Literature</a>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-669-32973-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-669-32973-8"><bdi>0-669-32973-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heath+Anthology+of+American+Literature&rft.place=Lexington%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=D.C.+Heath+and+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-669-32973-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheathanthologyof02laut%2Fpage%2Fn2%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockard2010" class="citation book cs1">Lockard, Craig (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k91sCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA315">Societies, Networks, and Transitions, Volume B: From 600 to 1750</a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-79083-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-79083-7"><bdi>978-1-111-79083-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Networks%2C+and+Transitions%2C+Volume+B%3A+From+600+to+1750&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-111-79083-7&rft.aulast=Lockard&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk91sCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Lien" class="citation book cs1">Lien, Arnold Johnson (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYpVAAAAYAAJ">Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law</a>. Vol. 54. New York: Columbia University. p. 604.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+History%2C+Economics%2C+and+Public+Law&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=604&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Lien&rft.aufirst=Arnold+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUYpVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyerSnowSnowCohen2001" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, M.; Snow, D.; Snow, D.; Cohen, C.; Meyer, M.; Thornton, R.; Grinde, D.; Dilworth, L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195082098.001.0001/acref-9780195082098-e-0758">"Indian History and Culture"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boyer_(historian)" title="Paul Boyer (historian)">Boyer, Paul S.</a> (ed.). The Oxford Companion to United States History. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195082098.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195082098.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508209-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508209-8"><bdi>978-0-19-508209-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indian+History+and+Culture&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+United+States+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195082098.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508209-8&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Snow%2C+D.&rft.au=Snow%2C+D.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+C.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+M.&rft.au=Thornton%2C+R.&rft.au=Grinde%2C+D.&rft.au=Dilworth%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195082098.001.0001%2Facref-9780195082098-e-0758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostert2005" class="citation book cs1">Mostert, Mary (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jntSQ-yn66AC&pg=PA18">The Threat of Anarchy Leads to the Constitution of the United States</a>. CTR Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9753851-4-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9753851-4-2"><bdi>978-0-9753851-4-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Threat+of+Anarchy+Leads+to+the+Constitution+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=CTR+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9753851-4-2&rft.aulast=Mostert&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjntSQ-yn66AC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnuf2010" class="citation book cs1">Onuf, Peter S. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WcUgLPqmfuYC">The Origins of the Federal Republic: Jurisdictional Controversies in the United States, 1775–1787</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0038-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-0038-6"><bdi>978-0-8122-0038-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Federal+Republic%3A+Jurisdictional+Controversies+in+the+United+States%2C+1775%E2%80%931787&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-0038-6&rft.aulast=Onuf&rft.aufirst=Peter+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWcUgLPqmfuYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerdueGreen2005" class="citation book cs1">Perdue, Theda; Green, Michael D (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-RBJCyp2bFIC&pg=PA40">The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast</a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50602-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50602-1"><bdi>978-0-231-50602-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Guide+to+American+Indians+of+the+Southeast&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50602-1&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=Theda&rft.au=Green%2C+Michael+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-RBJCyp2bFIC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Quirk" class="citation book cs1">Quirk, Joel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qqxK4KlqKYMC">The Anti-Slavery Project: From the Slave Trade to Human Trafficking</a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4333-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4333-8"><bdi>978-0-8122-4333-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Slavery+Project%3A+From+the+Slave+Trade+to+Human+Trafficking&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4333-8&rft.aulast=Quirk&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqqxK4KlqKYMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemini2007" class="citation book cs1">Remini, Robert V. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAM6J6IoQFQC">The House: The History of the House of Representatives</a>. HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-134111-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-134111-3"><bdi>978-0-06-134111-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+House%3A+The+History+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-134111-3&rft.aulast=Remini&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAM6J6IoQFQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ripper2008" class="citation book cs1">Ripper, Jason (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vX-fYvoAeHwC">American Stories: To 1877</a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-2903-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-2903-6"><bdi>978-0-7656-2903-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Stories%3A+To+1877&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-2903-6&rft.aulast=Ripper&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvX-fYvoAeHwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2015" class="citation book cs1">Rodriguez, Junius (2015). Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World (Illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47180-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47180-6"><bdi>978-1-317-47180-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Emancipation+and+Abolition+in+the+Transatlantic+World&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Routledge+%28Taylor+%26+Francis%29&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47180-6&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Junius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafire2003" class="citation book cs1">Safire, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nouncertainterms00safi">No Uncertain Terms: More Writing from the Popular "On Language" Column in The New York Times Magazine</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nouncertainterms00safi/page/199">199</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4955-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4955-3"><bdi>978-0-7432-4955-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Uncertain+Terms%3A+More+Writing+from+the+Popular+%22On+Language%22+Column+in+The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4955-3&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnouncertainterms00safi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2011" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Candace (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X1u9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">Prairie: A Natural History</a>. Greystone Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-899-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55365-899-3"><bdi>978-1-55365-899-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prairie%3A+A+Natural+History&rft.pub=Greystone+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55365-899-3&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX1u9BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Schultz" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, David Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7m713xwK58C">Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution</a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 904. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2677-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2677-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-2677-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+States+Constitution&rft.pages=904&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2677-7&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=David+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df7m713xwK58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShi2016" class="citation book cs1">Shi, David Emory (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanarrative0001shid">America: A Narrative History</a>. Vol. 1 (Brief 10th ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393265941" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393265941"><bdi>978-0393265941</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%3A+A+Narrative+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Brief+10th&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0393265941&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=David+Emory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanarrative0001shid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithers2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_D._Smithers" title="Gregory D. Smithers">Smithers, Gregory D.</a> (2012). "Rethinking Genocide in North America". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_Bloxham" title="Donald Bloxham">Bloxham, Donald</a>; <a href="/wiki/A._Dirk_Moses" title="A. Dirk Moses">Moses, A. Dirk</a> (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 322–342. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199232116.013.0017">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Genocide+in+North+America&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Genocide+Studies&rft.pages=322-342&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199232116.013.0017&rft.aulast=Smithers&rft.aufirst=Gregory+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Soss" class="citation book cs1">Soss, Joe (2010). Hacker, Jacob S.; Mettler, Suzanne (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JttyjBoyb3AC">Remaking America: Democracy and Public Policy in an Age of Inequality</a>. Russell Sage Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-694-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61044-694-5"><bdi>978-1-61044-694-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remaking+America%3A+Democracy+and+Public+Policy+in+an+Age+of+Inequality&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61044-694-5&rft.aulast=Soss&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJttyjBoyb3AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Stannard" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Stannard" title="David Stannard">Stannard, David E.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanholocaus00stan">American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508557-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508557-0"><bdi>978-0-19-508557-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Holocaust%3A+The+Conquest+of+the+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508557-0&rft.aulast=Stannard&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanholocaus00stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyorktimesguid00">The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind</a> (2nd ed.). St. Martin's Press. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37659-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37659-8"><bdi>978-0-312-37659-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Guide+to+Essential+Knowledge%3A+A+Desk+Reference+for+the+Curious+Mind&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-312-37659-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyorktimesguid00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton1998" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, Russell (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_EA-UwvN_HUC&pg=PA34">Studying Native America: Problems and Prospects</a>. Univ of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16064-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16064-7"><bdi>978-0-299-16064-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studying+Native+America%3A+Problems+and+Prospects&rft.pub=Univ+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-299-16064-7&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_EA-UwvN_HUC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker_Howe2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walker_Howe" title="Daniel Walker Howe">Walker Howe, Daniel</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/What_Hath_God_Wrought:_The_Transformation_of_America,_1815%E2%80%931848" title="What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848">What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972657-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-972657-8"><bdi>978-0-19-972657-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Hath+God+Wrought%3A+The+Transformation+of+America%2C+1815%E2%80%931848&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-972657-8&rft.aulast=Walker+Howe&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Walton" class="citation book cs1">Walton, Gary M.; Rockoff, Hugh (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lyhI1q_E4G0C">History of the American Economy</a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-324-78662-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-324-78662-0"><bdi>978-0-324-78662-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+American+Economy&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-324-78662-0&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Gary+M.&rft.au=Rockoff%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlyhI1q_E4G0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatersStafford2007" class="citation journal cs1">Waters, M.R.; Stafford, T W. (2007). "Redefining the Age of Clovis: Implications for the Peopling of the Americas". Science. 315 (5815): 1122–1126. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...315.1122W">2007Sci...315.1122W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1137166">10.1126/science.1137166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17322060">17322060</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23205379">23205379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Redefining+the+Age+of+Clovis%3A+Implications+for+the+Peopling+of+the+Americas&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=5815&rft.pages=1122-1126&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23205379%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...315.1122W&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1137166&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17322060&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=M.R.&rft.au=Stafford%2C+T+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinchester2013" class="citation book cs1">Winchester, Simon (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780062079602">The men who United the States</a>. Harper Collins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780062079602/page/198">198</a>, 216, 251, 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-207960-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-207960-2"><bdi>978-0-06-207960-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+men+who+United+the+States&rft.pages=198%2C+216%2C+251%2C+253&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-06-207960-2&rft.aulast=Winchester&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780062079602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2022" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Gavin (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.36.2.123">"Slavery and the Rise of the Nineteenth-Century American Economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Economic_Perspectives" title="Journal of Economic Perspectives">Journal of Economic Perspectives</a>. 36 (2): 123–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fjep.36.2.123">10.1257/jep.36.2.123</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248716718">248716718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Slavery+and+the+Rise+of+the+Nineteenth-Century+American+Economy&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-148&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fjep.36.2.123&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248716718%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Farticles%3Fid%3D10.1257%2Fjep.36.2.123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Zinn" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn, Howard</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/A_People%27s_History_of_the_United_States" title="A People's History of the United States">A People's History of the United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a> Modern Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-083865-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-083865-2"><bdi>978-0-06-083865-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People%27s+History+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial+Modern+Classics&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-083865-2&rft.aulast=Zinn&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPherson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">McPherson, James M.</a> (1988). <a href="/wiki/Battle_Cry_of_Freedom:_The_Civil_War_Era" title="Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era">Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era</a>. Oxford, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503863-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503863-7"><bdi>978-0-19-503863-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+Cry+of+Freedom%3A+The+Civil+War+Era&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-503863-7&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/whttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_Food_and_Agriculture_-_Statistical_Yearbook_2023.pdf">license statement/permission</a>). Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc8166en">World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023</a>, FAO, FAO. </li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about United States <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=United+States">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=United+States&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=US">Key Development Forecasts for the United States</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usa.gov/">Official U.S. Government web portal</a> – gateway to government sites</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.house.gov/">House</a> – official website of the United States House of Representatives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/">Senate</a> – official website of the United States Senate</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">White House</a> – official website of the president of the United States</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/">Supreme Court</a> – official website of the Supreme Court of the United States</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080314143240/https://www.nationalcenter.org/HistoricalDocuments.html">"Historical Documents"</a> – website from the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="National Center for Public Policy Research">National Center for Public Policy Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221119213422/http://www.religioustolerance.org/nat_mott.htm">"U.S. National Mottos: History and Constitutionality"</a>. Religious Tolerance. Analysis by the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Consultants_on_Religious_Tolerance" title="Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance">Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicalstatistics.org/index2.html">"Historical Statistics"</a> – links to U.S. historical data</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021182322/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/">"National Atlas of the United States"</a> – official maps from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of the United States">Wikimedia Atlas of the United States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/148838">United States</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.measureofamerica.org/maps/">"Measure of America"</a> – a variety of mapped information relating to health, education, income, safety and demographics in the United States</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/21px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/32px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/42px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">United States at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States" class="extiw" title="c:United States">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:United_States" class="extiw" title="n:Category:United States">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/United_States" class="extiw" title="q:United States">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/U._S._Government" class="extiw" title="v:U. S. Government">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/United_States" class="extiw" title="voy:United States">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123315230">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130168302">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204155/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078704-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78095330">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118636082">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118636082">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00871907">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV001855">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35562417">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128584&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575366">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/102017">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90178739">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=5715">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000046282">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202010677">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8b9vvg52nbbxp">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810557150505606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/17090">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552545705171">Israel</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269139705171">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514371006706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/489ce91b-6658-3307-9877-795b68554c98">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00701402?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/acc64e80-fc14-4253-a96c-75e91a291b55">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/896984">Trove</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/996710">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1000031">3</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1000028">4</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/ntRMqGx6">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026376598">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003380">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045728">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/amerika-birlesik-devletleri">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States&params=40_N_100_W_dim:10000000_region:region:US_type:country&title=United+States+of+America">40°N 100°W / 40°N 100°W / 40; -100 (United States of America)</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&oldid=1259616186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&oldid=1259616186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Countries_in_North_America" title="Category:Countries in North America">Countries in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-speaking_countries_and_territories" title="Category:English-speaking countries and territories">English-speaking countries and territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federal_constitutional_republics" title="Category:Federal constitutional republics">Federal constitutional republics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_British_colonies_and_protectorates_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas">Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_confederations" title="Category:Former confederations">Former confederations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:G20_members" title="Category:G20 members">G20 members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_NATO" title="Category:Member states of NATO">Member states of NATO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Category:Member states of the United Nations">Member states of the United Nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1776" title="Category:States and territories established in 1776">States and territories established in 1776</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2024">Articles with dead external links from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use American English from January 2024">Use American English from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2024">Use mdy dates from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2021" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_largest_cities_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using largest cities with unknown parameters">Pages using largest cities with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2018" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free-content_attribution" title="Category:Free-content attribution">Free-content attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free_content_from_FAO" title="Category:Free content from FAO">Free content from FAO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 03:07 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7898dc857d-mb5fv","wgBackendResponseTime":264,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"6.740","walltime":"7.447","ppvisitednodes":{"value":46877,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1530992,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":133568,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":157,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2206460,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6398.699 1 -total"," 51.69% 3307.200 2 Template:Reflist"," 23.55% 1506.921 317 Template:Cite_web"," 13.91% 890.353 160 Template:Cite_book"," 6.62% 423.532 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 6.61% 422.987 42 Template:Sfn"," 4.51% 288.665 66 Template:Cite_news"," 4.35% 278.098 38 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.33% 277.290 1 Template:Osmrelation-inline"," 4.28% 273.986 1 Template:Wikidata"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"4.295","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24734821,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"BBC18may\"] = 1,\n [\"Bianchine\"] = 1,\n [\"Blakeley\"] = 1,\n [\"Boyer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFANALYSIS2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFA_PLANTER1776\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAchenbach2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkenuwa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlesina2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlfred_Lester1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAli_Bauman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtkins2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAverbuch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAxinnStern2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBala2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanksHendrixHickman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarryFrenkel2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaymLevine2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBellahMadsenSullivanSwidler1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerghahn2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiddle2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilhartz,_Terry_D.Elliott,_Alan_C.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillington,_Ray_AllenRidge,_Martin2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirchellSteel2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack,_Alan1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlack2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackhawk2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlakemore2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorenstein2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyden\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownfield2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunkley2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCFI_Team\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalloway2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlisle2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlisleGolson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarsonBonk1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastañedaJenks2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCawthon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChanlett-Avery,_Emma2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChase2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton_Funk2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClifton2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCossack2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoviello2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowen,_TylerGrier,_Kevin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_S._Broder2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisDickinsonPattiVillarejo2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeLear2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerksvan_den_Berg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesjardins2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesjardins2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiana_Juarez2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDicklerNova2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDole1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonadio2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrew_Gilpin_FaustEric_FonerClarence_E._Walker\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrowneHuber2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuignan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumbrellSchäfer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurando,_JessicaGreen,_Shannon_Rae2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurkee2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrenpreisEhrenpreis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisenAyerPerryBookbinder2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEk,_CarlFergusson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEoin_Hennessy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErlandsonRickVellanoweth2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspinel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabian_Young,_AlfredNash,_Gary_B.Raphael,_Ray2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahmy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFanslow1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFay2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldstein2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFergie2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerraro2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFialhoWallin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFink2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinseth\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiorinaPeterson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzsimmons2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlannery2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlorida_Center_for_Instructional_Technology2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFordham2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoundation2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraser2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFroeseUecker2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrymer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaddis1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarretson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaĭdar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeiger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGetzoff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiddens-White2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlenzaNoor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodfriendMcDermott2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorteVincentHansonMarc_R.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGould2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrabbBaerCurtis1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreven2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrinshteynHemenway2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuliza2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutfeld2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGüner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHackett2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagopianOhanian2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainesHainesSteckel2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallMcGuire2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamid2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannah_Avery2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarms\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarris2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarriss\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHess2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilsenrathNgPaletta2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirschmanMogford2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoff-Ginsberg1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoff-Ginsberg1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHofstadter1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolloway2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolsti2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoopesBrinkley1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowe2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumes2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuntington2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHyam2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIman_Ghosh2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Noble_Gregory1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJansonJanson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJelliffe1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJens_Manuel_Krogstad2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohansen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Caplin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoumardPisuBloch2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKallo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKat_Tretina_and_Benjamin_Curry2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaur2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKemp,_Roger_L.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerrigan2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKillian,_Johnny_H._Ed\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKissinger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlapthor,_James_N.2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlebnikov\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleinfeld2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlose,_NelsonJones,_Robert_F.1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKobaraMoriyasu2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrane,_David_K.2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrasnoff2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKroon2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarresm2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarsonMeltvedt2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauter1994a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauter1994b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLease1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeveille2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLew\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindsay2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptonKrauss2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLondréWatermeier1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoumena2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLum,_Thomas2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacias2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMann2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManweller2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManyinChanlett-AveryNikitin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcos2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthews2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDougall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcIlwraith,_Thomas_F.Muller,_Edward_K.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcPherson1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcPhillips2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeidan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriamLupuElwoodDavis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyerSnowSnowCohen2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichno2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorin,_Nancy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison,_Michael_A.1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrison1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMostert2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMowery\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrayMarquez2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusgrave2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_Mexico._Office_of_Cultural_Affairs1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoguchi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Hanlon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Keefe2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOberlander2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliverGraham2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnuf2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpenStax2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtis1763\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPannoniKerr2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPape2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavlova2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerdueGreen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins,_Sid2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetto2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilipson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiketty2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPion-BerlinBruneauGoetze2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoe1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoppick2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPriceBenton-Short2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamirez\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRank2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRatcliffe2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawls,_James_J.1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemini2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRice\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRick2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiggs2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRocha2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodriguez2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosandich2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumerSokolsky2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRushe2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutenbergBeckerLiptonHaberman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuwitch2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafire2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaric2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawyerWagner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaxon2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchausWenn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeelyeSelby2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeitz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSempa2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSewell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaffer2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearer_Davis_Bowman1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheldon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSidney_Wilfred_Mintz1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiebensJulian2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilkenat2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmeeding2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithers2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolnit2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephens1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoia2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSundquist1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvetlana_Ter-Grigoryan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_National_Atlas_of_the_United_States_of_America2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Pit_Boss2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_Ferraro2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTinkham1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrelease1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_EPA2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_EPA2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations,_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs,_Population_Division2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Dam2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughn,_Bruce2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughn,_Bruce2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVincentHansonArgueta2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVinovskis1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVladeck2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVolokh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWIPO2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWIPO2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWait1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaldronLustgarten\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker_Howe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh,_Kenneth_T.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWamsley2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWar_Relocation_Authority1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWare2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatersStafford2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWike2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinans1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinchester2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolf\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoods2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization.2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYamasaki\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZanotti,_Jim2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelden2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZweig2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFupdated2022\"] = 1,\n [\"Calloway1998\"] = 1,\n [\"Cohen\"] = 1,\n [\"Davis96\"] = 1,\n [\"Daynes\"] = 1,\n [\"Feldstein\"] = 1,\n [\"Fraser\"] = 1,\n [\"Gordon\"] = 1,\n [\"Hayes\"] = 1,\n [\"Lien\"] = 1,\n [\"Quirk\"] = 1,\n [\"Related_information\"] = 1,\n [\"Ripper2008\"] = 1,\n [\"Schultz\"] = 1,\n [\"Soss\"] = 1,\n [\"Stannard\"] = 1,\n [\"Walton\"] = 1,\n [\"Wildlife_and_conservation\"] = 1,\n [\"Zinn\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 15,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"As of\"] = 10,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite act\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 160,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 66,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 316,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 9,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 4,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 26,\n [\"For outline\"] = 1,\n [\"Free-content attribution\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 9,\n [\"GBUrl\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvard citation no brackets\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 6,\n [\"Hounshell1984\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 15,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest metropolitan areas of the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 7,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 38,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 4,\n [\"Native phrase\"] = 3,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"Ndash\"] = 1,\n [\"North America topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect-several\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SCOTUS URL\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 15,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 42,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 4,\n [\"Start date\"] = 4,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"USA image map\"] = 1,\n [\"USC\"] = 2,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"United States political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"United States topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Usc\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","660","14.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","560","12.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","480","10.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","260","5.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","260","5.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","220","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","4.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","180","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","160","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","1.8"],["[others]","1480","32.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-6f57996b9d-nstxl","timestamp":"20241126222604","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"United States","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q30","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q30","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-06T07:00:01Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T03:07:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a9\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%28DoS_ECA_Color_Standard%29.svg","headline":"country primarily located in North America"}</script> </body> </html>