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divergences</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: divergences"> <meta name="keywords" content="divergences"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="divergences"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 34</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: divergences</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Monotonicity of the Jensen Functional for f-Divergences via the Zipf-Mandelbrot Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Lovri%C4%8Devi%C4%87">Neda Lovričević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%90ilda%20%20Pe%C4%8Dari%C4%87"> Đilda Pečarić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Pe%C4%8Dari%C4%87"> Josip Pečarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Jensen functional in its discrete form is brought in relation to the Csiszar divergence functional, this time via its monotonicity property. This approach presents a generalization of the previously obtained results that made use of interpolating Jensen-type inequalities. Thus the monotonicity property is integrated with the Zipf-Mandelbrot law and applied to f-divergences for probability distributions that originate from the Csiszar divergence functional: Kullback-Leibler divergence, Hellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance, chi-square divergence, total variation distance. The Zipf-Mandelbrot and the Zipf law are widely used in various scientific fields and interdisciplinary and here the focus is on the aspect of the mathematical inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jensen%20functional" title="Jensen functional">Jensen functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotonicity" title=" monotonicity"> monotonicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csiszar%20divergence%20functional" title=" Csiszar divergence functional"> Csiszar divergence functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=f-divergences" title=" f-divergences"> f-divergences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zipf-Mandelbrot%20law" title=" Zipf-Mandelbrot law"> Zipf-Mandelbrot law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107243/monotonicity-of-the-jensen-functional-for-f-divergences-via-the-zipf-mandelbrot-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Divergences in Interpreters’ Oral Interpretation among Pentecostal Churches: Sermonic Reflections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rufus%20Olufemi%20Adebayo">Rufus Olufemi Adebayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvia%20Phiwani%20Zulu"> Sylvia Phiwani Zulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interpreting in the setting of diverse language and multicultural congregants, is often understood as integrating the content of the message. Preaching, similar to any communication, takes seriously people’s multiple contexts. The one who provides the best insight into understanding “the other”, traditionally speaking could be an interpreter in a multilingual context. Nonetheless, there are reflections in the loss of spiritual communication, translation and interpretive dialogue. No matter how eloquent the preacher is, an interpreter can make or mere the sermon (speech). The sermon that the preacher preaches is not always the one the congregation hears from the interpreter. In other occurrences, however, interpreting can lead not only to distort messages but also to dissatisfied audiences and preacher being overshadowed by the pranks of the interpreter. Using qualitative methodology, this paper explores the challenges and the conventional assumptions about preachers’ interpreter as influenced by spirituality, culture, and language in empirical and theoretical perspectives. An emphasis on the bias translation and the basis of reality that suppresses or devalues the spiritual communication is examined. The result indicates that interpretation of the declaration of guilt, history of congregation, spirituality, attitudes, morals, customs, specific practices of a preacher, education, and the environment form an entangled and misinterpretation. The article concludes by re-examining these qualities and rearticulating them into a preliminary theory for practice, as distinguished from theory, which could possibly enhance the development of more sustainable multilingual interpretation in the South African Pentecostal churches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congregants" title="congregants">congregants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergences" title=" divergences"> divergences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpreting%2Ftranslation" title=" interpreting/translation"> interpreting/translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20%26%20communication" title=" language & communication"> language & communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sermon%2Fpreaching" title=" sermon/preaching"> sermon/preaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86682/divergences-in-interpreters-oral-interpretation-among-pentecostal-churches-sermonic-reflections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> One vs. Rest and Error Correcting Output Codes Principled Rebalancing Schemes for Solving Imbalanced Multiclass Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Callejas-Ramos">Alvaro Callejas-Ramos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20Alvarez-Perez"> Lorena Alvarez-Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Benitez-Buenache"> Alexander Benitez-Buenache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anibal%20R.%20Figueiras-Vidal"> Anibal R. Figueiras-Vidal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This contribution presents a promising formulation which allows to extend the principled binary rebalancing procedures, also known as neutral re-balancing mechanisms in the sense that they do not alter the likelihood ratio <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bregman%20divergences" title="Bregman divergences">Bregman divergences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imbalanced%20multiclass%20classifi-cation" title=" imbalanced multiclass classifi-cation"> imbalanced multiclass classifi-cation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informed%20re-balancing" title=" informed re-balancing"> informed re-balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20likelihood%20ratio" title=" invariant likelihood ratio"> invariant likelihood ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135039/one-vs-rest-and-error-correcting-output-codes-principled-rebalancing-schemes-for-solving-imbalanced-multiclass-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Neoliberalism and Otherness: Convergences or Divergences?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Pereira%20Tigre">Juliana Pereira Tigre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current critical debate on the process of globalization, on the one hand, arises the accusation that neoliberalism standardizes the so-called American way of life on the cultures of the world, operating as a system of subtle domination, expropriating and incorporating the other. On the other hand, it is defended that neoliberalism begins its career of political and economic order as a sensitive conception to the otherness, imposing itself at present due to its peaceful management of pluralism and defense of individual freedom. In this sense, this paper aims to discuss the extent to which the neoliberalism and the otherness converge or diverge in contemporaneity and the guiding principles of globalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=otherness" title="otherness">otherness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoliberalism" title=" neoliberalism"> neoliberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5605/neoliberalism-and-otherness-convergences-or-divergences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Dynamic Analysis of the Facts of Language and Communication: The Case of French in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farouk%20A.%20N.%20Bouhadiba">Farouk A. N. Bouhadiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work explores some sociolinguistic and educational aspects concerning the place and the role of French in Algeria. The observation of facts on language and communication in Algeria is analyzed from a dynamic perspective of Language at work. The question raised is to highlight the positive and negative aspects of a local adaptation of French in Algeria compared to the standard form of French in France. Some utilitarian and vehicular aspects of French in Algeria are presented and explained. The issue at stake here is to highlight the convergences and divergences that the cohabitation of languages of different genetic and political statuses (Arabic / French) entails, while these two languages are characterized by geographical proximity and historical bonds. The question of the programs of foreign language teaching in Algeria and of that of French in particular is raised and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French" title="French">French</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohabitation" title=" cohabitation"> cohabitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nativization" title=" nativization"> nativization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching" title=" teaching"> teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189280/a-dynamic-analysis-of-the-facts-of-language-and-communication-the-case-of-french-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A Theoretical and Corpus-Based Analysis of English and Spanish Syntax Derived from Método de Los Relojes Verb Types According to Systemic-Functional Grammar as a Foundation for Methodological Adaption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20William%20Lawrence">Timothy William Lawrence</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper is to research and categorize the four basic verb types found in the Spanish descriptive grammar book Método de los Relojes using verb clauses as representation as found in M.A.K. Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar with the purpose of establishing theoretical along with syntactical parallels and deviations between English and Spanish. Results confirm theoretical correlations exist therefore leading to an analysis of English grammar syntax resulting in delineating commonalities and differences from Spanish. Corpora searches were carried out on different patterns of syntactical structures confirming divergences in verb syntax, making it possible to establish parameters to adapt English verbs to the criteria of the four basic Método de los Relojes verb types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20studies" title="corpus studies">corpus studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A9todo%20de%20los%20Relojes" title=" Método de los Relojes"> Método de los Relojes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-functional%20grammar" title=" structural-functional grammar"> structural-functional grammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verb%20syntax" title=" verb syntax"> verb syntax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145197/a-theoretical-and-corpus-based-analysis-of-english-and-spanish-syntax-derived-from-metodo-de-los-relojes-verb-types-according-to-systemic-functional-grammar-as-a-foundation-for-methodological-adaption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Film Studies: Definition, Current Status, and Future Perspectives for Cuba</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Guillermo%20Lloga%20Sanz">Carlos Guillermo Lloga Sanz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20del%20Carmen%20Tamayo%20Asef"> Maria del Carmen Tamayo Asef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an object of study in Cuban universities, cinema is still in its infancy. This is relevant considering the significance of cinema within the local political culture and its impact on countries of the region. Discussions about the medium have been carried out mainly in the field of film criticism. The objective of this article is to reflect on the divergences between film studies and film criticism taking into account formal and theoretical features and to explore the transcendence of this debate for the intellectual ambiance of the Island. Methodologically, the study relies on theoretical elaborations based on literature review and non-structure interviews with Cuban film critics and scholars. The study finds that the gradation proposed by the Anglo-Saxon tradition, where film studies are considered a “higher stage," compared to criticism and cinephilia, does not apply to the Cuban space. Instead, to assess the state of reflection on cinema in Cuba, it is essential to consider it a starry node traversed by epistemic, institutional, and geopolitical matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20studies" title="film studies">film studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20criticism" title=" film criticism"> film criticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuban%20cinema" title=" Cuban cinema"> Cuban cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuban%20film%20studies" title=" Cuban film studies"> Cuban film studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152140/film-studies-definition-current-status-and-future-perspectives-for-cuba" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Nature of Maritime Dispute Resolution by Arbitration: USA as a Reference Point</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thusitha%20B.%20Abeysekara">Thusitha B. Abeysekara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Nihal%20Chandrathilake"> M. A. Nihal Chandrathilake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to examine the legal mechanism of resolving maritime disputes by arbitration, and it would be a reference point on the analysis of USA approaches. In doing so, the research aims to analyse the relevant legal principles in the context of current maritime arbitration practices in selected jurisdictions. The research also aims to analyse the advantages and applicability of arbitration in maritime dispute settlements over the litigation and further approaches the role of specialist maritime arbitration institutes in the USA and the position of international merchant organizations in maritime arbitration. Further, research values the legislative aspects of maritime arbitration. The study would evaluate the contemporary issues in maritime arbitration practices in the USA and further analyses the statistical information on maritime arbitration. Finally, the research made remarks to often parallel consequence in USA legal systems in maritime arbitration and despite the fundamental divergences of the applicable principles and practices of maritime arbitration. The research finally suggests the doctrine should reshape with equitable remedies and international maritime arbitration practices with its institutional impact rather than using as statutory rules related maritime arbitration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbitration" title="arbitration">arbitration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20shipping" title=" international shipping"> international shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20dispute" title=" maritime dispute"> maritime dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20York%20convention" title=" New York convention"> New York convention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77152/nature-of-maritime-dispute-resolution-by-arbitration-usa-as-a-reference-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> The Impact of the EU Competition Law on the Asian Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Casoria">Maria Casoria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout the last decade developing countries have been undergoing substantial reforms to promote the establishment of competition regimes, as consequence of the trade liberalization and the spread of a ‘competition awareness movement’ across the globe. The legislative trend affected the whole Asia. Notwithstanding the existence of extensive joint ventures, cartels and other collusive business relationships in this geographical area, almost all the countries have already passed or are committed to enforce specific laws in the field. The study dwells into legal solutions adopted in the five sub-regions in which the continent is commonly divided –i.e. Central, East, South, Southeast, and Western Asia- and, using a comparative methodology, shed lights on the main differences and similarities in place. The final outcome of the analysis is that, despite the undeniable divergences of approach, what links together the legislation in force in the region is the unveiled influence exercised by the European Union competition regulation. Consequently, in order to properly evaluate the deterrence of the rule of law in the sector concerned, it is fundamental to scrutinize the major role played by the EU and its policy for the evolution of pro-competitive practices in the continent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competition%20law" title=" competition law"> competition law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differences%20and%20similarities" title=" differences and similarities"> differences and similarities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union" title=" European union"> European union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influences" title=" influences"> influences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64763/the-impact-of-the-eu-competition-law-on-the-asian-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Preference for Housing Services and Rational House Price Bubbles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Jeanette%20Huber">Stefanie Jeanette Huber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the relevance and implications of preferences for housing services on house price fluctuations through the lens of an overlapping generation’s model. The model implies that an economy whose agents have lower preferences for housing services is characterized with lower expenditure shares on housing services and will tend to experience more frequent and more volatile housing bubbles. These model predictions are tested empirically in the companion paper Housing Booms and Busts - Convergences and Divergences across OECD countries. Between 1970 - 2013, countries who spend less on housing services as a share of total income experienced significantly more housing cycles and the associated housing boom-bust cycles were more violent. Finally, the model is used to study the impact of rental subsidies and help-to-buy schemes on rational housing bubbles. Rental subsidies are found to contribute to the control of housing bubbles, whereas help-to- buy scheme makes the economy more bubble-prone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20bubbles" title="housing bubbles">housing bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20booms%20and%20busts" title=" housing booms and busts"> housing booms and busts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference%20for%20housing%20services" title=" preference for housing services"> preference for housing services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expenditure%20shares%20for%20housing%20services" title=" expenditure shares for housing services"> expenditure shares for housing services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rental%20and%20purchase%20subsidies" title=" rental and purchase subsidies"> rental and purchase subsidies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46437/preference-for-housing-services-and-rational-house-price-bubbles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> ELF in the Classroom: Use of ELF and Its Effects on Speaking Anxiety in Turkish Tertiary Level EFL Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baki%20Dursun">Baki Dursun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Benk"> Kemal Benk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has become an increasingly hot topic in many of the developing countries including Turkey. Likewise, in most of these expanding circle countries the way of teaching English has been redesigned in accordance with Lingua Franca Core. Admittedly, the focus was on Grammar-based teaching formerly; however, with the introduction of the ELF, the shift is now more on teaching speaking abilities and strategies of negotiation of meaning. However, there are several reasons for this shift, one of the major contributions stems from the teacher training programs offered by Turkish universities as M.A. programs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the similarities and divergences among the instructors who have taken ELF classes in their teacher-training program and those who have not. With a longitudinal design, for five months, classes of two different groups of teachers (ELF Group vs. Traditional Group) have been observed and three teachers have been selected for each group. During the observations, principles of Lingua Franca Core offered by Jenkins have been taken into account and used to form the rubric for the observations. After the five-month period, a Likert scale type questionnaire has been given to the students to explore their level of anxiety while speaking. Independent samples t-test have been administered to see the groups differences statistically. The results of the study will be presented during the conference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELF" title="ELF">ELF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20training" title=" teacher training"> teacher training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speaking" title=" speaking"> speaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45343/elf-in-the-classroom-use-of-elf-and-its-effects-on-speaking-anxiety-in-turkish-tertiary-level-efl-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Free and Open Source Licences, Software Programmers, and the Social Norm of Reciprocity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luke%20McDonagh">Luke McDonagh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past three decades, free and open source software (FOSS) programmers have developed new, innovative and legally binding licences that have in turn enabled the creation of innumerable pieces of everyday software, including Linux, Mozilla Firefox and Open Office. That FOSS has been highly successful in competing with 'closed source software' (e.g. Microsoft Office) is now undeniable, but in noting this success, it is important to examine in detail why this system of FOSS has been so successful. One key reason is the existence of networks or communities of programmers, who are bound together by a key shared social norm of 'reciprocity'. At the same time, these FOSS networks are not unitary – they are highly diverse and there are large divergences of opinion between members regarding which licences are generally preferable: some members favour the flexible ‘free’ or 'no copyleft' licences, such as BSD and MIT, while other members favour the ‘strong open’ or 'strong copyleft' licences such as GPL. This paper argues that without both the existence of the shared norm of reciprocity and the diversity of licences, it is unlikely that the innovative legal framework provided by FOSS would have succeeded to the extent that it has. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20source" title="open source">open source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright" title=" copyright"> copyright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=licensing" title=" licensing"> licensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyleft" title=" copyleft"> copyleft</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46364/free-and-open-source-licences-software-programmers-and-the-social-norm-of-reciprocity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Analysis of Spatial Disparities of Population for Delicate Configuration of Public Service Facilities：Case of Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruan%20Yi-Chen">Ruan Yi-Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Wang-Ming"> Li Wang-Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Yuan"> Fang Yuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid growth of urbanization in China in recent years, public services are in short supply because of expanding population and limitation of financial support, which makes delicate configuration of public service facilities to become a trend in urban planning. Besides, the facility configuration standard implemented in China is equal to the whole the urban area without considering internal differences in it. Therefore, this article focuses on population Spatial disparities analysis in order to optimize facility configuration in communities of main city district. The used data, including population of 93 communities during 2010 to 2015, comes from GongShu district, Hangzhou city, PRC. Through the analysis of population data, especially the age structure of those communities, the communities finally divided into 3 types. Obviously, urban public service facilities allocation situation directly affect the quality of residents common lives, which turns out that deferent kinds of communities with deferent groups of citizens will have divergences in facility demanding. So in the end of the article, strategies of facility configuration will be proposed based on the population analysis in order to optimize the quantity and location of facilities with delicacy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delicacy" title="delicacy">delicacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facility%20configuration" title=" facility configuration"> facility configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20spatial%20disparities" title=" population spatial disparities"> population spatial disparities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64221/analysis-of-spatial-disparities-of-population-for-delicate-configuration-of-public-service-facilitiescase-of-gongshu-district-hangzhou-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Signs, Signals and Syndromes: Algorithmic Surveillance and Global Health Security in the 21st Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20L.%20Roberts">Stephen L. Roberts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article offers a critical analysis of the rise of syndromic surveillance systems for the advanced detection of pandemic threats within contemporary global health security frameworks. The article traces the iterative evolution and ascendancy of three such novel syndromic surveillance systems for the strengthening of health security initiatives over the past two decades: 1) The Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED-mail); 2) The Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN); and 3) HealthMap. This article demonstrates how each newly introduced syndromic surveillance system has become increasingly oriented towards the integration of digital algorithms into core surveillance capacities to continually harness and forecast upon infinitely generating sets of digital, open-source data, potentially indicative of forthcoming pandemic threats. This article argues that the increased centrality of the algorithm within these next-generation syndromic surveillance systems produces a new and distinct form of infectious disease surveillance for the governing of emergent pathogenic contingencies. Conceptually, the article also shows how the rise of this algorithmic mode of infectious disease surveillance produces divergences in the governmental rationalities of global health security, leading to the rise of an algorithmic governmentality within contemporary contexts of Big Data and these surveillance systems. Empirically, this article demonstrates how this new form of algorithmic infectious disease surveillance has been rapidly integrated into diplomatic, legal, and political frameworks to strengthen the practice of global health security – producing subtle, yet distinct shifts in the outbreak notification and reporting transparency of states, increasingly scrutinized by the algorithmic gaze of syndromic surveillance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title="algorithms">algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20health" title=" global health"> global health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80131/signs-signals-and-syndromes-algorithmic-surveillance-and-global-health-security-in-the-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Analysis of a IncResU-Net Model for R-Peak Detection in ECG Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beatriz%20Lafuente%20Alc%C3%A1zar">Beatriz Lafuente Alcázar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yash%20Wani"> Yash Wani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20J.%20Nimunkar"> Amit J. Nimunkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, and around 80% of sudden cardiac deaths are due to arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats. The majority of these pathologies are revealed by either short-term or long-term alterations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology. The ECG is the main diagnostic tool in cardiology. It is a non-invasive, pain free procedure that measures the heart’s electrical activity and that allows the detecting of abnormal rhythms and underlying conditions. A cardiologist can diagnose a wide range of pathologies based on ECG’s form alterations, but the human interpretation is subjective and it is contingent to error. Moreover, ECG records can be quite prolonged in time, which can further complicate visual diagnosis, and deeply retard disease detection. In this context, deep learning methods have risen as a promising strategy to extract relevant features and eliminate individual subjectivity in ECG analysis. They facilitate the computation of large sets of data and can provide early and precise diagnoses. Therefore, the cardiology field is one of the areas that can most benefit from the implementation of deep learning algorithms. In the present study, a deep learning algorithm is trained following a novel approach, using a combination of different databases as the training set. The goal of the algorithm is to achieve the detection of R-peaks in ECG signals. Its performance is further evaluated in ECG signals with different origins and features to test the model’s ability to generalize its outcomes. Performance of the model for detection of R-peaks for clean and noisy ECGs is presented. The model is able to detect R-peaks in the presence of various types of noise, and when presented with data, it has not been trained. It is expected that this approach will increase the effectiveness and capacity of cardiologists to detect divergences in the normal cardiac activity of their patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrhythmia" title="arrhythmia">arrhythmia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title=" electrocardiogram"> electrocardiogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R-peaks" title=" R-peaks"> R-peaks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153003/analysis-of-a-incresu-net-model-for-r-peak-detection-in-ecg-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Connected Female Sufi Disciples: The Workings of Social Online Communities in a Transnational Sufi Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hebbouch">Sarah Hebbouch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two decades ago, research on diasporic women’s participation within Sufi circles would have been inconceivable, not only because of a general lack of recognition of their contribution to Sufism but due to the intimacy of the rituals, often taking place in confined spaces, like zawiyas (Sufi lodges). Recent scholarly attention to female spiritual experience owes to a digital awareness and interest in exploring diasporic community reproduction of those experiences. Within a context where female disciples of a Sufi convent undergo a physical separation from the saint’s sanctuary -because of immigration from the homeland to the host country- technology becomes a social hub accounting for Sufis’ ritual commitment and preservation of cultural capital in the diaspora. This paper elucidates how female Sufi immigrants affiliating with the Boudchichi brotherhood (Morocco-based) maintain ‘a relational network’ and strong social online relationships with their female compatriots in Morocco through the use of online platforms. Sufi communities living in the diaspora find the internet an open interactive space that serves to kindle their distance of spiritual participation and corroborate their transnational belonging. The current paper explores the implications of the use of a digital baseline named “Tariqa Info,” the convent’s digital online platform, and how it mediates everyday ritual performance, the promotion of digital connection, and the communication of ideas and discourses. Such a platform serves the bolstering emotional bonds for transnational female disciples and inclusion within online communities in the homeland. Assisted by an ethnographic lens, this paper discusses the research findings of participatory field observation of Sufi women’s online communities, informed by the need to trace the many ostensible aspects of interconnectedness and divergences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20connection" title="digital connection">digital connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sufi%20convent" title=" Sufi convent"> Sufi convent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20online%20relationship" title=" social online relationship"> social online relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20female%20disciples" title=" transnational female disciples"> transnational female disciples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159791/connected-female-sufi-disciples-the-workings-of-social-online-communities-in-a-transnational-sufi-order" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Healing the Scars of the Past: The Great Challenge and Failed Attempt of European Union to Create a Supranational Identity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20Rico">David Martínez Rico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Pablo%20Farid%20Cu%C3%A9llar%20Mart%C3%ADnez"> Juan Pablo Farid Cuéllar Martínez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After more than half a century that the first treaty of European cooperation was created, the final result of a difficult and long historical process, which is the current European Union, is facing economical and social challenges. The barriers of policies differences and national sovereignties seem to be being defeated in the last and present decades. However, the last crisis of 2008 brought back problems as xenophobia and nationalism. In this ambit of identity, European Union has made many efforts to reinforce a European identity and leave behind the radical nationalisms which generated World Wars. Nevertheless, these social problems are increasing and becoming more present in the life of many Europeans. Even, in the last Euro Parliamentarian Elections of the present year, 2014, the extreme right parties, in favor of xenophobic and anti European ideals, got more seats and are increasing their presence in Euro Parliament. This essay approaches to this controversial topic of European identity. Taking as start point the nationalist divisions that are causing internal divergences in Europe, the authors of this research study the role and contributions of the Memorials of the fallen soldiers and heroes of World Wars, present in many cities as Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris, to the impossibility to reach an European identity, it means that Europeans feel first part of Europe in place to feel first part of a nation. The objective of this essay is to reaffirm the thesis that establishes that the European Union won´t reach the longed supranational identity with just with the current strategies, because yet there are many cultural elements in its member states societies which exalt the heroes and soldiers of the past wars, increasing nationalism feelings. Besides, in it are promoted some interesting ideas that could change the course in this quest of a European social identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title="identity">identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memorials" title=" memorials"> memorials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20identity" title=" European identity"> European identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nationalism" title=" nationalism"> nationalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proposals" title=" proposals"> proposals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22584/healing-the-scars-of-the-past-the-great-challenge-and-failed-attempt-of-european-union-to-create-a-supranational-identity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Exploring Gender-Based Violence in Indigenous Communities in Argentina and Costa Rica: A Review of the Current Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jocelyn%20Jones">Jocelyn Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this literature review is to provide an assessment of the current literature concerning gender-based violence (GBV) within indigenous communities in Argentina and Costa Rica, and various public intervention strategies that have been implemented to counter the increasing rates of violence within these populations. The review will address some of the unique challenges and contextual factors influencing the prevalence and response to such violence, including the enduring impact of colonialism on familial structures, community dynamics, and the perpetuation of violence. Drawing on indigenous feminist perspectives, the paper critically assesses the intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status in shaping the experiences of indigenous women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. In comparing the two nations, the literature review identifies commonalities and divergences in policy frameworks, legal responses, and grassroots initiatives aimed at addressing GBV. Regarding the assessment of the efficacy of existing interventions, the paper will consider the role of cultural revitalization, community engagement, and collaborative efforts between indigenous communities and external agencies in the development of future policies. Moreover, the review will highlight the importance of decolonizing methodologies in research and intervention strategies, and the need to emphasise culturally sensitive approaches that respect and integrate indigenous worldviews and traditional knowledge systems. Additionally, the paper will explore the potential impact of colonial legacies, resource extraction, and land dispossession on exacerbating vulnerabilities to GBV within indigenous communities. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a more in-depth understanding of GBV in indigenous contexts in order to promote cross-cultural learning and inform future research. Ultimately, this review will demonstrate the necessity of adopting a holistic and context-specific approach to address gender-based violence in indigenous communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20based%20violence" title="gender based violence">gender based violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous" title=" indigenous"> indigenous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonialism" title=" colonialism"> colonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183009/exploring-gender-based-violence-in-indigenous-communities-in-argentina-and-costa-rica-a-review-of-the-current-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Music Educators for Peace: Synchronizing Music and Pedagogical Experiences to Re-Build Social Fabric in Colombia's Post-Conflict</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julian%20Dario%20Castro%20Cifuentes">Julian Dario Castro Cifuentes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Colombia, the armed conflict has lasted for more than sixty years bringing poverty, internal displacement of people, deaths from both government and insurgent forces and other violence-related problems that has damaged its social fabric. In 2016, the peace process between the Colombian government and the FARC rebels brought the possibility of ending this war and a new set of challenges to Colombian society in order to achieve pacific coexistence and reconciliation. In this scenario, there have been different efforts from diverse social actors in order to build peace and reconciliation mainly within the victims of the armed conflict. In the case of music, there have been multiple programs for social transformation through music and pedagogical experiences. Nevertheless, the need to strengthen this initiative by giving ‘peace building oriented’ pedagogical tools to the musicians that lead this experiences and understanding which aspects make this practices ‘musically meaningful’, has been recognized. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to discuss the convergences and divergences of music, and educational experiences applied to peacebuilding in the context of Colombia’s post-conflict. In this research, the hermeneutic phenomenology paradigm is applied in a case study of a peace building music education experience in the department of Nariño, Colombia articulated with the program ‘Manos a la Paz’. Two particular experiences, one on musical practice and another on music education are taken as a unit of analysis to understand its essence and structure in order to find ways to articulate efforts in peace building actions from music. This study shows how the existent gap between music experience and its subjacent pedagogical knowledge, can be reduced through deconstruction of the music and pedagogical experience. The ‘Manos a la Paz’ program showed how a peace building approach to music education can make major contributions to Pacific Coexistence and Reconciliation in Colombia’s Post-Conflict. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20education" title="music education">music education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20for%20peace" title=" music for peace"> music for peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20pedagogy" title=" music pedagogy"> music pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20building" title=" peace building"> peace building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20fabric" title=" social fabric"> social fabric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70421/music-educators-for-peace-synchronizing-music-and-pedagogical-experiences-to-re-build-social-fabric-in-colombias-post-conflict" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Habitat-Specific Divergences in the Gene Repertoire among the Reference Prevotella Genomes of the Human Microbiome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Gupta">Vinod Kumar Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendrakumar%20M.%20Chaudhari"> Narendrakumar M. Chaudhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchismitha%20Iskepalli"> Suchismitha Iskepalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitra%20Dutta"> Chitra Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background-The community composition of the human microbiome is known to vary at distinct anatomical niches. But little is known about the nature of variations if any, at the genome/sub-genome levels of a specific microbial community across different niches. The present report aims to explore, as a case study, the variations in gene repertoire of 28 Prevotella reference draft genomes derived from different body-sites of human, as reported earlier by the Human Microbiome Consortium. Results-The analysis reveals the exclusive presence of 11798, 3673, 3348 and 934 gene families and exclusive absence of 17, 221, 115 and 645 gene families in Prevotella genomes derived from the human oral cavity, gastro-intestinal tracts (GIT), urogenital tract (UGT) and skin, respectively. The pan-genome for Prevotella remains “open”. Distribution of various functional COG categories differs appreciably among the habitat-specific genes, within Prevotella pan-genome and between the GIT-derived Bacteroides and Prevotella. The skin and GIT isolates of Prevotella are enriched in singletons involved in Signal transduction mechanisms, while the UGT and oral isolates show higher representation of the Defense mechanisms category. No niche-specific variations could be observed in the distribution of KEGG pathways. Conclusion-Prevotella may have developed distinct genetic strategies for adaptation to different anatomical habitats through selective, niche-specific acquisition and elimination of suitable gene-families. In addition, individual microorganisms tend to develop their own distinctive adaptive stratagems through large repertoires of singletons. Such in situ, habitat-driven refurbishment of the genetic makeup can impart substantial intra-lineage genome diversity within the microbes without perturbing their general taxonomic heritage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20niche%20adaptation" title="body niche adaptation">body niche adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20microbiome" title=" human microbiome"> human microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pangenome" title=" pangenome"> pangenome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prevotella" title=" Prevotella"> Prevotella</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43428/habitat-specific-divergences-in-the-gene-repertoire-among-the-reference-prevotella-genomes-of-the-human-microbiome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Molecular Diversity of Forensically Relevant Insects from the Cadavers of Lahore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundus%20Mona">Sundus Mona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atif%20Adnan"> Atif Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babar%20Ali"> Babar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fareeha%20Arshad"> Fareeha Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allah%20Rakha"> Allah Rakha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular diversity is the variation in the abundance of species. Forensic entomology is a neglected field in Pakistan. Insects collected from the crime scene should be handled by forensic entomologists who are currently virtually non-existent in Pakistan. Correct identification of insect specimen along with knowledge of their biodiversity can aid in solving many problems related to complicated forensic cases. Inadequate morphological identification and insufficient thermal biological studies limit the entomological utility in Forensic Medicine. Recently molecular identification of entomological evidence has gained attention globally. DNA barcoding is the latest and established method for species identification. Only proper identification can provide a precise estimation of postmortem intervals. Arthropods are known to be the first tourists scavenging on decomposing dead matter. The objective of the proposed study was to identify species by molecular techniques and analyze their phylogenetic importance with barcoded necrophagous insect species of early succession on human cadavers. Based upon this identification, the study outcomes will be the utilization of established DNA bar codes to identify carrion feeding insect species for concordant estimation of post mortem interval. A molecular identification method involving sequencing of a 658bp ‘barcode’ fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene from collected specimens of unknown dipteral species from cadavers of Lahore was evaluated. Nucleotide sequence divergences were calculated using MEGA 7 and Arlequin, and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was generated. Three species were identified, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya saffranea, and Chrysomya rufifacies with low genetic diversity. The fixation index was 0.83992 that suggests a need for further studies to identify and classify forensically relevant insects in Pakistan. There is an exigency demand for further research especially when immature forms of arthropods are recovered from the crime scene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20diversity" title="molecular diversity">molecular diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20barcoding" title=" DNA barcoding"> DNA barcoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20identification" title=" species identification"> species identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensically%20relevant" title=" forensically relevant"> forensically relevant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114178/molecular-diversity-of-forensically-relevant-insects-from-the-cadavers-of-lahore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Exploring the Dynamic Identities of Multilingual Adolescents in Contexts of L3+ Learning in Four European Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harper%20Staples">Harper Staples</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A necessary outcome of today’s contemporary globalised reality, current views of multilingualism hold that it no longer represents the exception, but rather the rule. As such, the simultaneous acquisition of multiple languages represents a common experience for many of today's students and therefore represents a key area of inquiry in the domain of foreign language learner identity. Second and multilingual language acquisition processes parallel each other in many ways; however, there are differences to be found in the ways in which a student may learn a third language. A multilingual repertoire will have to negotiate complex change as language competencies dynamically evolve; moreover, this process will vary according to the contextual factors attributed to a unique learner. A developing multilingual identity must, therefore, contend with an array of potential challenges specific to the individual in question. Despite an overarching recognition in the literature that pluri-language acquisition represents a unique field of inquiry within applied linguistic research, there is a paucity of empirical work which examines the ways in which individuals construct a sense of their own identity as multilingual speakers in such contexts of learning. This study explores this phenomenon via a mixed-methods, comparative case study approach at four school sites based in Finland, France, Wales, and England. It takes a strongly individual-in-context view, conceptualising each adolescent participant in dynamic terms in order to undertake a holistic exploration of the myriad factors that might impact upon, and indeed be impacted by, a learner's developing multilingual identity. Emerging themes of note thus far suggest that, beyond the expected divergences in the experience of multilinguality at the individual level, there are contradictions in the way in which adolescent students in each site 'claim' their plurilingualism. This can be argued to be linked to both meso and macro-level factors, including the foreign language curriculum and, more broadly, societal attitudes towards multilingualism. These diverse emergent identifications have implications not only for attainment in the foreign language but also for student well-being more generally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20learning" title="foreign language learning">foreign language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20identity" title=" student identity"> student identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20psychology" title=" educational psychology"> educational psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100643/exploring-the-dynamic-identities-of-multilingual-adolescents-in-contexts-of-l3-learning-in-four-european-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Testing the Simplification Hypothesis in Constrained Language Use: An Entropy-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaxin%20Chen">Jiaxin Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Translations have been labeled as more simplified than non-translations, featuring less diversified and more frequent lexical items and simpler syntactic structures. Such simplified linguistic features have been identified in other bilingualism-influenced language varieties, including non-native and learner language use. Therefore, it has been proposed that translation could be studied within a broader framework of constrained language, and simplification is one of the universal features shared by constrained language varieties due to similar cognitive-physiological and social-interactive constraints. Yet contradicting findings have also been presented. To address this issue, this study intends to adopt Shannon’s entropy-based measures to quantify complexity in language use. Entropy measures the level of uncertainty or unpredictability in message content, and it has been adapted in linguistic studies to quantify linguistic variance, including morphological diversity and lexical richness. In this study, the complexity of lexical and syntactic choices will be captured by word-form entropy and pos-form entropy, and a comparison will be made between constrained and non-constrained language use to test the simplification hypothesis. The entropy-based method is employed because it captures both the frequency of linguistic choices and their evenness of distribution, which are unavailable when using traditional indices. Another advantage of the entropy-based measure is that it is reasonably stable across languages and thus allows for a reliable comparison among studies on different language pairs. In terms of the data for the present study, one established (CLOB) and two self-compiled corpora will be used to represent native written English and two constrained varieties (L2 written English and translated English), respectively. Each corpus consists of around 200,000 tokens. Genre (press) and text length (around 2,000 words per text) are comparable across corpora. More specifically, word-form entropy and pos-form entropy will be calculated as indicators of lexical and syntactical complexity, and ANOVA tests will be conducted to explore if there is any corpora effect. It is hypothesized that both L2 written English and translated English have lower entropy compared to non-constrained written English. The similarities and divergences between the two constrained varieties may provide indications of the constraints shared by and peculiar to each variety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constrained%20language%20use" title="constrained language use">constrained language use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy-based%20measures" title=" entropy-based measures"> entropy-based measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20simplification" title=" lexical simplification"> lexical simplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactical%20simplification" title=" syntactical simplification"> syntactical simplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155875/testing-the-simplification-hypothesis-in-constrained-language-use-an-entropy-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Flipped Learning in Interpreter Training: Technologies, Activities and Student Perceptions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dohun%20Kim">Dohun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technological innovations have stimulated flipped learning in many disciplines, including language teaching. It is a specific type of blended learning, which combines onsite (i.e. face-to-face) with online experiences to produce effective, efficient and flexible learning. Flipped learning literally ‘flips’ conventional teaching and learning activities upside down: it leverages technologies to deliver a lecture and direct instruction—other asynchronous activities as well—outside the classroom to reserve onsite time for interaction and activities in the upper cognitive realms: applying, analysing, evaluating and creating. Unlike the conventional flipped approaches, which focused on video lecture, followed by face-to-face or on-site session, new innovative methods incorporate various means and structures to serve the needs of different academic disciplines and classrooms. In the light of such innovations, this study adopted ‘student-engaged’ approaches to interpreter training and contrasts them with traditional classrooms. To this end, students were also encouraged to engage in asynchronous activities online, and innovative technologies, such as Telepresence, were employed. Based on the class implementation, a thorough examination was conducted to examine how we can structure and implement flipped classrooms for language and interpreting training while actively engaging learners. This study adopted a quantitative research method, while complementing it with a qualitative one. The key findings suggest that the significance of the instructor’s role does not dwindle, but his/her role changes to a moderator and a facilitator. Second, we can apply flipped learning to both theory- and practice-oriented modules. Third, students’ integration into the community of inquiry is of significant importance to foster active and higher-order learning. Fourth, cognitive presence and competence can be enhanced through strengthened and integrated teaching and social presences. Well-orchestrated teaching presence stimulates students to find out the problems and voices the convergences and divergences, while fluid social presence facilitates the exchanges of knowledge and the adjustment of solutions, which eventually contributes to consolidating cognitive presence—a key ingredient that enables the application and testing of the solutions and reflection thereon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20learning" title="blended learning">blended learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Community%20of%20Inquiry" title=" Community of Inquiry"> Community of Inquiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flipped%20learning" title=" flipped learning"> flipped learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpreter%20training" title=" interpreter training"> interpreter training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centred%20learning" title=" student-centred learning"> student-centred learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74171/flipped-learning-in-interpreter-training-technologies-activities-and-student-perceptions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> A Critical Analysis of the Creation of Geoparks in Brazil: Challenges and Possibilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabella%20Maria%20Beil">Isabella Maria Beil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Geosciences and Geoparks Programme (IGGP) were officially created in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to enhance the protection of the geological heritage and fill the gaps on the World Heritage Convention. According to UNESCO, a Global Geopark is an unified area where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed based on a concept of sustainable development. Tourism is seen as a main activity to develop new sources of revenue. Currently (November 2022), UNESCO recognized 177 Global Geoparks, of which more than 50% are in Europe, 40% in Asia, 6% in Latin America, and the remaining 4% are distributed between Africa and Anglo-Saxon America. This picture shows the existence of a much uneven geographical distribution of these areas across the planet. Currently, there are three Geoparks in Brazil; however, the first of them was accepted by the Global Geoparks Network in 2006 and, just fifteen years later, two other Brazilian Geoparks also obtained the UNESCO title. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the current geopark situation in Brazil and to identify the main challenges faced by the implementation of these areas in the country. To this end, the Brazilian history and its main characteristics regarding the development of geoparks over the years will be briefly presented. Then, the results obtained from interviews with those responsible for each of the current 29 aspiring geoparks in Brazil will be presented. Finally, the main challenges related to the implementation of Geoparks in the country will be listed. Among these challenges, the answers obtained through the interviews revealed conflicts and problems that pose hindrances both to the start of the development of a Geopark project and to its continuity and implementation. It is clear that the task of getting multiple social actors, or stakeholders, to engage with the Geopark, one of UNESCO’s guidelines, is one of its most complex aspects. Therefore, among the main challenges, stand out the difficulty of establishing solid partnerships, what directly reflects divergences between the different social actors and their goals. This difficulty in establishing partnerships happens for a number of reasons. One of them is that the investment in a Geopark project can be high and investors often expect a short-term financial return. In addition, political support from the public sector is often costly as well, since the possible results and positive influences of a Geopark in a given area will only be experienced during future mandates. These results demonstrate that the research on Geoparks goes far beyond the geological perspective linked to its origins, and is deeply embedded in political and economic issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoparks" title=" geoparks"> geoparks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNESCO" title=" UNESCO"> UNESCO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160100/a-critical-analysis-of-the-creation-of-geoparks-in-brazil-challenges-and-possibilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Reclaiming The Sahara as a Bridge to Afro-Arab solidarity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radwa%20Saad">Radwa Saad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sahara is normatively treated as a barrier separating “two Africas"; one to the North with closer affinity to the Arab world, and one to the South that encompasses a diverse range of racial, ethnic and religious groups, commonly referred to as "Sub-Saharan Africa". This dichotomy however was challenged by many anticolonial leaders and intellectuals seeking to advance counter-hegemonic narratives that treat the Sahara as a bridge facilitating a long history of exchange, collaboration, and fusion between different civilizations on the continent. This paper reexamines the discourses governing the geographic distinction between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that demarcating the African continent along the lines of the Sahara is part-and-parcel of a Euro-centric spatial imaginary that has served to enshrine a racialized global hierarchy of power. By drawing on Edward Said’s concept of ‘imagined geography’ and Charles Mill’s notion of “the racial contract”, it demonstrates how spatial boundaries often coincide with racial epistemologies to reinforce certain geopolitical imaginaries, whilst silencing others. It further draws on the works of two notable post-colonial figures - Gamal Abdel Nasser and Leopold Senghor - to explore alternative spatial imaginaries while highlighting some of the tensions embedded in advancing a trans-Saharan political project. Firstly, it deconstructs some of the normative claims used to justify the distinction between North and “sub-Saharan” Africa across political, literary and disciplinary boundaries. Secondly, it draws parallels between Said’s and Mills’ work to demonstrate how geographical boundaries and demarcations have been constructed to create racialized subjects and reinforce a hierarchy of color that favors European standpoints and epistemologies. Third, it draw on Leopard Senghor’s The Foundations of Africanité and Gamal Abdel Nasser’s The Philosophy of the Egyptian Revolution to examine some of the competing strands of unity that emerged out of the Saharan discourse. In these texts, one can identify a number of convergences and divergences in how post-colonial African elites attempts to reclaim and rearticulate the function of the Sahara along different epistemic, political and cultural premises. It concludes with reflections on some of the policy challenges that emerge from reinforcing the Saharan divide, particularly in the realm of peace and security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20integration" title="regional integration">regional integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics%20of%20knowledge%20production" title=" politics of knowledge production"> politics of knowledge production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arab-african%20relations" title=" arab-african relations"> arab-african relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=african%20solutions%20to%20african%20problems" title=" african solutions to african problems"> african solutions to african problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157241/reclaiming-the-sahara-as-a-bridge-to-afro-arab-solidarity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> In Support of Sustainable Water Resources Development in the Lower Mekong River Basin: Development of Guidelines for Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kongmeng%20Ly">Kongmeng Ly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of transboundary river basins across developing countries, such as the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB), is frequently challenging given the development and conservation divergences of the basin countries. Driven by needs to sustain economic performance and reduce poverty, the LMB countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, Viet Nam) are embarking on significant land use changes in the form hydropower dam, to fulfill their energy requirements. This pathway could lead to irreversible changes to the ecosystem of the Mekong River, if not properly managed. Given the uncertain trade-offs of hydropower development and operation, the Lower Mekong River Basin Countries through the technical support of the Mekong River Commission (MRC) Secretariat embarked on decade long the development of Technical Guidelines for Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment. Through a series of workshops, seminars, national and regional consultations, and pilot studies and further development following the recommendations generated through legal and institutional reviews undertaken over two decades period, the LMB Countries jointly adopted the MRC Technical Guidelines for Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment (TbEIA Guidelines). These guidelines were developed with particular regard to the experience gained from MRC supported consultations and technical reviews of the Xayaburi Dam Project, Don Sahong Hydropower Project, Pak Beng Hydropower Project, and lessons learned from the Srepok River and Se San River case studies commissioned by the MRC under the generous supports of development partners around the globe. As adopted, the TbEIA Guidelines have been designed as a supporting mechanism to the national EIA legislation, processes and systems in each Member Country. In recognition of the already agreed mechanisms, the TbEIA Guidelines build on and supplement the agreements stipulated in the 1995 Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin and its Procedural Rules, in addressing potential transboundary environmental impacts of development projects and ensuring mutual benefits from the Mekong River and its resources. Since its adoption in 2022, the TbEIA Guidelines have already been voluntary implemented by Lao PDR on its underdevelopment Sekong A Downstream Hydropower Project, located on the Sekong River – a major tributary of the Mekong River. While this implementation is ongoing with results expected in early 2024, the implementation thus far has strengthened cooperation among concerned Member Countries with multiple successful open dialogues organized at national and regional levels. It is hope that lessons learnt from this application would lead to a wider application of the TbEIA Guidelines for future water resources development projects in the LMB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transboundary" title="transboundary">transboundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIA" title=" EIA"> EIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20mekong%20river%20basin" title=" lower mekong river basin"> lower mekong river basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mekong%20river" title=" mekong river"> mekong river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185748/in-support-of-sustainable-water-resources-development-in-the-lower-mekong-river-basin-development-of-guidelines-for-transboundary-environmental-impact-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Public Values in Service Innovation Management: Case Study in Elderly Care in Danish Municipality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20T.%20Lystbaek">Christian T. Lystbaek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The importance of innovation management has traditionally been ascribed to private production companies, however, there is an increasing interest in public services innovation management. One of the major theoretical challenges arising from this situation is to understand public values justifying public services innovation management. However, there is not single and stable definition of public value in the literature. The research question guiding this paper is: What is the supposed added value operating in the public sphere? Methodology: The study takes an action research strategy. This is highly contextualized methodology, which is enacted within a particular set of social relations into which on expects to integrate the results. As such, this research strategy is particularly well suited for its potential to generate results that can be applied by managers. The aim of action research is to produce proposals with a creative dimension capable of compelling actors to act in a new and pertinent way in relation to the situations they encounter. The context of the study is a workshop on public services innovation within elderly care. The workshop brought together different actors, such as managers, personnel and two groups of users-citizens (elderly clients and their relatives). The process was designed as an extension of the co-construction methods inherent in action research. Scenario methods and focus groups were applied to generate dialogue. The main strength of these techniques is to gather and exploit as much data as possible by exposing the discourse of justification used by the actors to explain or justify their points of view when interacting with others on a given subject. The approach does not directly interrogate the actors on their values, but allows their values to emerge through debate and dialogue. Findings: The public values related to public services innovation management in elderly care were identified in two steps. In the first step, identification of values, values were identified in the discussions. Through continuous analysis of the data, a network of interrelated values was developed. In the second step, tracking group consensus, we then ascertained the degree to which the meaning attributed to the value was common to the participants, classifying the degree of consensus as high, intermediate or low. High consensus corresponds to strong convergence in meaning, intermediate to generally shared meanings between participants, and low to divergences regarding the meaning between participants. Only values with high or intermediate degree of consensus were retained in the analysis. Conclusion: The study shows that the fundamental criterion for justifying public services innovation management is the capacity for actors to enact public values in their work. In the workshop, we identified two categories of public values, intrinsic value and behavioural values, and a list of more specific values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20services%20innovation%20management" title="public services innovation management">public services innovation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20value" title=" public value"> public value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation" title=" co-creation"> co-creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20research" title=" action research"> action research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59860/public-values-in-service-innovation-management-case-study-in-elderly-care-in-danish-municipality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Validating the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life for Children (CPQOL-Child) Questionnaire for Use in Sri Lanka </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyamani%20Hettiarachchi">Shyamani Hettiarachchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gopi%20Kitnasamy"> Gopi Kitnasamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The potentially high level of physical need and dependency experienced by children with cerebral palsy could affect the quality of life (QOL) of the child, the caregiver and his/her family. Poor QOL in children with cerebral palsy is associated with the parent-child relationship, limited opportunities for social participation, limited access to healthcare services, psychological well-being and the child's physical functioning. Given that children experiencing disabilities have little access to remedial support with an inequitable service across districts in Sri Lanka, and given the impact of culture and societal stigma, there may be differing viewpoints across respondents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Tamil version of the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life for Children (CPQOL-Child) Questionnaire. Design: An instrument development and validation study. Methods: Forward and backward translations of the CPQOL-Child were undertaken by a team comprised of a physiotherapist, speech and language therapist and two linguists for the primary caregiver form and the child self-report form. As part of a pilot phase, the Tamil version of the CPQOL was completed by 45 primary caregivers with children with cerebral palsy and 15 children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS level 3-4). In addition, the primary caregivers commented on the process of filling in the questionnaire. The psychometric properties of test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity were undertaken. Results: The test-retest reliability and internal consistency were high. A significant association (p < 0.001) was found between limited motor skills and poor QOL. The Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was at 0.95.Similarities and divergences were found between the two groups of respondents. The child respondents identified limited motor skills as associated with physical well-being and autonomy. Akin to this, the primary caregivers associated the severity of motor function with limitations of physical well-being and autonomy. The trend observed was that QOL was not related to the level of impairment but connected to environmental factors by the child respondents. In addition to this, the main concern among primary caregivers about the child's future and on the child's lack of independence was not fully captured by the QOL questionnaire employed. Conclusions: Although the initial results of the CPQOL questionnaire show high test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the instrument, it does not fully reflect the socio-cultural realities and primary concerns of the caregivers. The current findings highlight the need to take child and caregiver perceptions of QOL into account in clinical practice and research. It strongly indicates the need for culture-specific measures of QOL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20palsy" title="cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPQOL" title=" CPQOL"> CPQOL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37401/validating-the-cerebral-palsy-quality-of-life-for-children-cpqol-child-questionnaire-for-use-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Forum Shopping in Biotechnology Law: Understanding Conflict of Laws in Protecting GMO-Based Inventions as Part of a Patent Portfolio in the Greater China Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20C.%20Lim">Eugene C. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to examine the extent to which ‘forum shopping’ is available to patent filers seeking protection of GMO (genetically modified organisms)-based inventions in Hong Kong. Under Hong Kong’s current re-registration system for standard patents, an inventor must first seek patent protection from one of three Designated Patent Offices (DPO) – those of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Europe Union (EU) (designating the UK), or the United Kingdom (UK). The ‘designated patent’ can then be re-registered by the successful patentee in Hong Kong. Interestingly, however, the EU and the PRC do not adopt a harmonized approach toward the patenting of GMOs, and there are discrepancies in their interpretation of the phrase ‘animal or plant variety’. In view of these divergences, the ability to effectively manage ‘conflict of law’ issues is an important priority for multinational biotechnology firms with a patent portfolio in the Greater China region. Generally speaking, both the EU and the PRC exclude ‘animal and plant varieties’ from the scope of patentable subject matter. However, in the EU, Article 4(2) of the Biotechnology Directive allows a genetically modified plant or animal to be patented if its ‘technical feasibility is not limited to a specific variety’. This principle has allowed for certain ‘transgenic’ mammals, such as the ‘Harvard Oncomouse’, to be the subject of a successful patent grant in the EU. There is no corresponding provision on ‘technical feasibility’ in the patent legislation of the PRC. Although the PRC has a sui generis system for protecting plant varieties, its patent legislation allows the patenting of non-biological methods for producing transgenic organisms, not the ‘organisms’ themselves. This might lead to a situation where an inventor can obtain patent protection in Hong Kong over transgenic life forms through the re-registration of a patent from a more ‘biotech-friendly’ DPO, even though the subject matter in question might not be patentable per se in the PRC. Through a comparative doctrinal analysis of legislative provisions, cases and court interpretations, this paper argues that differences in the protection afforded to GMOs do not generally prejudice the ability of global MNCs to obtain patent protection in Hong Kong. Corporations which are able to first obtain patents for GMO-based inventions in Europe can generally use their European patent as the basis for re-registration in Hong Kong, even if such protection might not be available in the PRC itself. However, the more restrictive approach to GMO-based patents adopted in the PRC would be more acutely felt by enterprises and inventors based in mainland China. The broader scope of protection offered to GMO-based patents in Europe might not be available in Hong Kong to mainland Chinese patentees under the current re-registration model for standard patents, unless they have the resources to apply for patent protection as well from another (European) DPO as the basis for re-registration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title="biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forum%20shopping" title=" forum shopping"> forum shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetically%20modified%20organisms%20%28GMOs%29" title=" genetically modified organisms (GMOs)"> genetically modified organisms (GMOs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greater%20China%20region" title=" greater China region"> greater China region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20portfolio" title=" patent portfolio"> patent portfolio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48983/forum-shopping-in-biotechnology-law-understanding-conflict-of-laws-in-protecting-gmo-based-inventions-as-part-of-a-patent-portfolio-in-the-greater-china-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergences&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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