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id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-含有底夸克的強子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#含有底夸克的強子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>含有底夸克的強子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-含有底夸克的強子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參閱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參閱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">底夸克</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。49种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onderkwark" title="Onderkwark – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Onderkwark" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="كوارك قعري – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوارك قعري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_fondu" title="Quark fondu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quark fondu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="B-кварк – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="B-кварк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Дънен кварк – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дънен кварк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_b" title="Quark b – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quark b" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_b" title="Kvark b – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvark b" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-kvark" title="Bottom-kvark – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bottom-kvark" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom-Quark" title="Bottom-Quark – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bottom-Quark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bottom quark" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuark_fondo" title="Cuark fondo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuark fondo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-kvark" title="B-kvark – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="B-kvark" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behea_quark" title="Behea quark – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Behea quark" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D9%87" title="کوارک ته – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوارک ته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjakvarkki" title="Pohjakvarkki – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjakvarkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quark bottom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_fondo" title="Quark fondo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Quark fondo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קווארק תחתון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קווארק תחתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="बॉटम क्वार्क – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बॉटम क्वार्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubinski_kvark" title="Dubinski kvark – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dubinski kvark" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_kvark" title="Bottom kvark – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bottom kvark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-%D6%84%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF" title="B-քվարկ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="B-քվարկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quark bottom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%88%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ボトムクォーク – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボトムクォーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="B-კვარკი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="B-კვარკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%BF%BC%ED%81%AC" title="바닥 쿼크 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바닥 쿼크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarcum_imum" title="Quarcum imum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quarcum imum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelminis_kvarkas" title="Gelminis kvarkas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gelminis kvarkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_kvarks" title="B kvarks – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="B kvarks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Длабински кварк – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Длабински кварк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuark_bawah" title="Kuark bawah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuark bawah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunnkvark" title="Bunnkvark – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bunnkvark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quark bottom" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwark_b" title="Kwark b – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwark b" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="تھلا کوارک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھلا کوارک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quark bottom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="B-кварк – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="B-кварк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubinski_kvark" title="Dubinski kvark – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dubinski kvark" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark" title="Bottom quark – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bottom quark" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_b" title="Kvark b – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvark b" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvark_b" title="Kvark b – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvark b" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubinski_kvark" title="Dubinski kvark – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Dubinski kvark" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilalim_na_quark" title="Ilalim na quark – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilalim na quark" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_kuark" title="Alt kuark – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alt kuark" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="B-кварк – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="B-кварк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_%C4%91%C3%A1y" title="Quark đáy – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quark đáy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilarom_nga_quark" title="Ilarom nga quark – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ilarom nga quark" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="底夸克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="底夸克 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="底夸克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6786#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5ff6fd68" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="background:"><caption class="infobox-title">底夸克</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">组成</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="近独立粒子统计力学">系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="費米子">費米子</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3_(%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="代 (粒子物理學)">代</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第三代</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="基本相互作用">基本相互作用</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="強作用力">強作用力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="弱作用力">弱作用力</a>、<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%8A%9B" title="電磁力">電磁力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">符号</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>b<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="反粒子">反粒子</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">反底夸克（<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span><span style="text-decoration:overline;">b</span><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">理论</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%9A_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="小林诚 (物理学家)"> 小林誠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9D%E6%95%8F%E8%8B%B1" title="益川敏英">益川敏英</a> (1973年)<sup id="cite_ref-KM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">发现</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="利昂·萊德曼">利昂·萊德曼</a>等（1977年）<sup id="cite_ref-FermiPress1977_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FermiPress1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="不变质量">质量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7000418000000000000♠</span>4.18<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+0.03<br />−0.03</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">GeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-PDG2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="粒子衰變">衰变粒子</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="粲夸克">粲夸克</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">-<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="基本電荷">e</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%8D%B7" title="色荷">色荷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">有</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%97%8B" title="自旋">自旋</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E6%97%8B" title="弱同位旋">弱同位旋</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">LH</a>：−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">RH</a>：0</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E8%B6%85%E8%8D%B7" title="弱超荷">弱超荷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">LH</a>： <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7" title="手徵性">RH</a>：−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>b夸克</b>（<span lang="en">bottom quark</span>，台湾译<b>底夸克</b>，中国大陆又称“底夸克”<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>）是帶有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>−<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="單位電荷">e</a>的第三代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a>，曾稱<b>美夸克</b>（<span lang="en">beauty quark</span>）<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。雖然<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%89%B2%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="量子色動力學">量子色動力學</a>描述每一種夸克的方法都很類似，由於底夸克帶有很大的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="裸質量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="bare mass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%B8%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裸質量（页面不存在）">裸質量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bare_mass" class="extiw" title="en:bare mass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">bare mass</span></a></span>）</span></span>（約為<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7000420000000000000♠</span>4.2 <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">GeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup></a></span>，<sup id="cite_ref-PDG2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PDG2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:135</sup>稍微多過<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>質量的四倍)，而且<a href="/wiki/CKM%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="CKM矩陣">CKM矩陣</a>的元素<i>V</i><sub>ub</sub>與<i>V</i><sub>cb</sub>的數值很小，因此底夸克擁有獨特的標籤。當做實驗時，使用一種稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="底貼籤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="b_tagging"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E8%B2%BC%E7%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="底貼籤（页面不存在）">底貼籤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/b_tagging" class="extiw" title="en:b tagging"><span lang="en" dir="auto">b_tagging</span></a></span>）</span></span>的技術，可以很容易地辨識出它的蹤跡。由於<a href="/wiki/CP%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E" title="CP破壞">CP破壞</a>涉及到三代的夸克，因此研究CP破壞比較合適使用的粒子是含有底夸克的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a>。<a href="/wiki/BaBar%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="BaBar实验">BaBar实验</a>、<a href="/wiki/Belle%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Belle實驗">Belle實驗</a>與<a href="/wiki/LHCb" title="LHCb">LHCb</a>實驗都正在進行這類實驗。 </p><p>幾乎所有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">頂夸克</a>的衰變都會產生底夸克，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">希格斯玻色子</a>的衰變也常會產生底夸克。1973年，為了解釋<a href="/wiki/CP%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E" title="CP破壞">CP破壞</a>，物理學者<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%9A_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="小林诚 (物理学家)">小林誠</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9D%E6%95%8F%E8%8B%B1" title="益川敏英">益川敏英</a>預言底夸克的存在。<sup id="cite_ref-KM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海姆·哈拉里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haim Harari"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海姆·哈拉里（页面不存在）">海姆·哈拉里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Harari" class="extiw" title="en:Haim Harari"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haim Harari</span></a></span>）</span></span>在1975年將這粒子命名為底夸克。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="费米实验室">費米實驗室</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="利昂·萊德曼">利昂·萊德曼</a>研究團隊於1977年做通過粒子碰撞實驗製成 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">底夸克偶素</a>，從而發現底夸克。<sup id="cite_ref-FermiPress1977_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FermiPress1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 由於「发现对称性破缺的来源，并预测了至少三大类夸克在自然界中的存在」，小林誠與益川敏英榮獲2008年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾物理學獎">諾貝爾物理學獎</a>。 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有一些學者稱底夸克為「美夸克」，但至今為止，「底夸克」仍舊是最常用的名稱。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>通過<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="弱作用力">弱相對作用</a>，底夸克可以衰變為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="粲夸克">粲夸克</a>。這類衰變被<a href="/wiki/CKM%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="CKM矩陣">CKM矩陣</a>所抑制（<i>V</i><sub>ub</sub>=0.0040、<i>V</i><sub>cb</sub>=0.04，數值很小）。底夸克很想衰變為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">頂夸克</a>（<i>V</i><sub>tb</sub>=0.9991），但是由於底夸克的質量小於頂夸克，因此不能衰變為頂夸克，所以，底夸克的平均壽命為比較長的1.3×10<sup>−12</sup> s，而每當底夸克衰變時，它比較常衰變為粲夸克。<sup id="cite_ref-Griffiths2008_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffiths2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:327-329</sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="含有底夸克的強子"><span id=".E5.90.AB.E6.9C.89.E5.BA.95.E5.A4.B8.E5.85.8B.E7.9A.84.E5.BC.B7.E5.AD.90"></span>含有底夸克的強子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：含有底夸克的強子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="重子列表">重子列表</a></div> <p>以下列出一些含有底夸克的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="強子">強子</a>： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="B介子">B介子</a>含有一個底夸克（或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="反底夸克">反底夸克</a>）與一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">上夸克</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">下夸克</a>。</li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>B<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br />c</span></span>介子含有一個底夸克與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B2%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="粲夸克">粲夸克</a>。</li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>B<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br />s</span></span>介子含有一個底夸克與一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">奇夸克</a>。</li> <li>有很多種<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">底夸克偶素</a>態，例如 <a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Υ介子"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>ϒ<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:left"><br /></span></span>介子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%92%9E%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="大型強子對撞器">大型強子對撞器</a>首先發現的粒子 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">χ<sub>b</sub>(3P)</a>。它們都是由一個底夸克與反底夸克形成的粒子。</li> <li>含有底夸克的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>已被觀測到，它們的命名方式與奇重子類似，例如<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;font-size:85%;text-align:right"><br /></span>Λ<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:85%;text-align:left">0<br />b</span></span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閱"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B1"></span>參閱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參閱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="夸克模型">夸克模型</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">在2019年由中华人民共和国全国科学技术名词审定委员会公布的《物理学名词》中，“底夸克”为非推荐名<sup id="cite_ref-WM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“美夸克”为被淘汰的旧名<sup id="cite_ref-WM_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KM_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KM_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">M. Kobayashi; T. Maskawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptp.ipap.jp/link?PTP/49/652/pdf">CP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction</a>. Progress of Theoretical Physics. 1973, <b>49</b> (2): 652–657 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-09</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PThPh..49..652K"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1973PThPh..49..652K</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1143%2FPTP.49.652"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1143/PTP.49.652</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224002548/http://ptp.ipap.jp/link?PTP%2F49%2F652%2Fpdf">存档</a>于2008-12-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=CP-Violation+in+the+Renormalizable+Theory+of+Weak+Interaction&rft.au=M.+Kobayashi&rft.au=T.+Maskawa&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Progress+of+Theoretical+Physics&rft.pages=652-657&rft.volume=49&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fptp.ipap.jp%2Flink%3FPTP%2F49%2F652%2Fpdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973PThPh..49..652K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1143%2FPTP.49.652&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FermiPress1977-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FermiPress1977_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FermiPress1977_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529203837/http://www.fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/physics/discoveries/bottom_quark_pr.html">Discoveries at Fermilab – Discovery of the Bottom Quark</a> (新闻稿). Fermilab. 1977-08-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-07-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/physics/discoveries/bottom_quark_pr.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&rft.btitle=Discoveries+at+Fermilab+%E2%80%93+Discovery+of+the+Bottom+Quark&rft.date=1977-08-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fermilab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fnal.gov%2Fpub%2Finquiring%2Fphysics%2Fdiscoveries%2Fbottom_quark_pr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDG2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PDG2012_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PDG2012_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">J. 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Yahoo! 新聞. 2022-12-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-12-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221214015307/https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E5%BF%AB%E6%89%93%E7%A0%B4%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F-062302783.html">存档</a>于2022-12-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（繁體）网页">（中文（繁體））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E5%BF%AB%E6%89%93%E7%A0%B4%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2022-12-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E7%25B2%2592%25E5%25AD%2590%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%2590%2586%25E8%25A6%258F%25E5%2589%2587%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E6%2589%2593%25E7%25A0%25B4%25E4%25BA%2586%25EF%25BC%259F-062302783.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffiths2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths2008_8-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffiths2008_8-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths,_David_J.2008" class="citation">Griffiths, David J., Introduction to Elementary Particles 2nd revised, WILEY-VCH, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-527-40601-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-527-40601-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-527-40601-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+David+J.&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Elementary+Particles&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-527-40601-2&rft.pub=WILEY-VCH&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">H. 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.fnal.gov/botqrk.html">發現底夸克的歷史</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170824104835/http://history.fnal.gov/botqrk.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:粒子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:粒子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="粒子物理學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="粒子物理學">粒子物理學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="费米子">费米子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="夸克" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="夸克">夸克</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克">u</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="上夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">u</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="下夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">d</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="C夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">c</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克">s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="奇夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">s</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克">t</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B" title="頂夸克"><span style="text-decoration: overline">t</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">b</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="text-decoration: overline">b</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%AD%90" title="輕子">輕子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" title="电子">e<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="正電子">e<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子">μ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E5%AD%90" title="Τ子">τ<sup>-</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%CF%84%E5%AD%90" title="反τ子">τ<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="电中微子">ν<sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9B%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="反電中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>e</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子">ν<sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Μ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>μ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子">ν<sub>τ</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="Τ中微子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">v</span><sub>τ</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="玻色子">玻色子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="标量玻色子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="标量玻色子">标量玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="希格斯玻色子">H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="规范玻色子">规范玻色子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="膠子">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">W<sup>±</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%E5%8F%8AZ%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="W及Z玻色子">Z<sup>0</sup></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="复合粒子">复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%AD%90" title="强子">强子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Δ粒子">Δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="反質子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">p</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="反中子"><span style="text-decoration: overline">n</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90" title="超子">超子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Λ粒子">Λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Σ粒子">Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9E%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ξ粒子">Ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Ω粒子">Ω</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子">介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Π介子">π</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="K介子">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A1%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ρ介子">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A9%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Ω介子">ω</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="J/ψ介子">J/ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%A5%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="Υ介子">ϒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="D介子">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="B介子">B</a></li> <li>未发现介子 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Θ介子（页面不存在）">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T介子（页面不存在）">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="夸克偶素">夸克偶素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="超原子">超原子</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子">奇異原子</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">电子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="緲子偶素">緲子偶素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%B7%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="真緲子偶素">真緲子偶素</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子偶素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onium"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子偶素（页面不存在）">介子偶素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onium" class="extiw" title="en:Onium"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onium</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="K介子原子">介子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%AD%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超子原子（页面不存在）">超子原子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%AB" title="反氫">反氫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子核（页面不存在）">介子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8" title="超核">超核</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%91%B3%E8%B6%85%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重味超核（页面不存在）">重味超核</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的基本粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="超對稱粒子">超對稱粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="超規範子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84%E5%AD%90" title="超規範子">超規範子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%86%A0%E5%AD%90" title="超膠子">超膠子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="重力微子">超引力子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超光子（页面不存在）">超光子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%8D%B7%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超荷子（页面不存在）">超荷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%90" title="超中性子">超中性子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>其他</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%B8%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超希格斯粒子（页面不存在）">超希格斯粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B2%BB%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="超費米子">超費米子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="超軸子">超軸子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超胀子（页面不存在）">超胀子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E5%AD%90" title="任意子">任意子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%80%E5%AD%90" title="胀子">胀子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%AD%90" title="加速子">加速子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E5%AD%90" title="快子">快子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%B8%E5%AD%90" title="軸子">A<sup>0</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%90" title="引力子">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">m</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%8F%8AY%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E5%AD%90" title="X及Y玻色子">Y</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="W'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W'（页面不存在）">W'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z'" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W′_and_Z′_bosons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z'（页面不存在）">Z'</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%E2%80%B2_and_Z%E2%80%B2_bosons" class="extiw" title="en:W′ and Z′ bosons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W′_and_Z′_bosons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="普朗克粒子">普朗克粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%AD%90" title="马约拉纳费米子">马约拉纳粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8D%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB-%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB%E9%AC%BC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="法捷耶夫-波波夫鬼粒子">鬼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%98%8E%E5%AD%90" title="斯格明子">斯格明子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%BE%AE%E5%AD%90" title="惰性中微子">惰性中微子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%B1%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="大质量弱相互作用粒子">大质量弱相互作用粒子（WIMP）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%83%B3%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="假想粒子">假想的复合粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%BC%B7%E5%AD%90" title="奇異強子">奇異強子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="奇異重子" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="奇異重子">奇異重子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%85%8B" title="五夸克態">五夸克態</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="七夸克态">七夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="R-重子">R-重子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="奇異介子">奇異介子</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="四夸克态">四夸克态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B%E6%80%81" title="六夸克态">六夸克态</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90%E6%85%8B" title="雙重子態">雙重子態</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E7%90%83" title="膠球">膠球</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E6%9D%82%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混杂态（页面不存在）">混杂态</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介子分子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesonic molecule"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介子分子（页面不存在）">介子分子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesonic_molecule" class="extiw" title="en:Mesonic molecule"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesonic molecule</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A1%E5%AF%86%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坡密子（页面不存在）">坡密子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇数子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="odderon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇数子（页面不存在）">奇数子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/odderon" class="extiw" title="en:odderon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">odderon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双夸克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diquark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E5%A4%B8%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双夸克（页面不存在）">双夸克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diquark" class="extiw" title="en:Diquark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diquark</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="準粒子">準粒子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="達維多夫孤子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Davydov soliton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%A4%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="達維多夫孤子（页面不存在）">達維多夫孤子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davydov_soliton" class="extiw" title="en:Davydov soliton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Davydov soliton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量子滴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dropleton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量子滴（页面不存在）">量子滴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropleton" class="extiw" title="en:Dropleton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dropleton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%AD%90" title="激子">激子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="空穴">空穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%90" title="磁振子">磁振子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子">聲子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8D%95%E6%9E%81%E5%AD%90" title="磁单极子">磁单极子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF%E5%AD%90" title="電漿子">電漿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%90" title="電磁極化子">電磁極化子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" title="極子">極子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旋子_(准粒子)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%8B%E5%AD%90_(%E5%87%86%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旋子 (准粒子)（页面不存在）">旋子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton" class="extiw" title="en:Roton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roton</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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