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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monier Monier-Williams</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="মোনিয়ার মোনিয়ার-উইলিয়ামস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোনিয়ার মোনিয়ার-উইলিয়ামস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मोनियर विलियम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोनियर विलियम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monj%C4%93_Viljamss" title="Monjē Viljamss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monjē Viljamss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മോണിയർ മോണിയർ-വില്യംസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോണിയർ മോണിയർ-വില്യംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3" title="مونير مونير ويليامس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونير مونير ويليامس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="モニエル・モニエル＝ウィリアムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モニエル・モニエル＝ウィリアムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Монье-Вильямс, Монье – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монье-Вильямс, Монье" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monier Monier-Williams" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மானியர் வில்லியம்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மானியர் வில்லியம்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%94-%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Моньє-Вільямс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Моньє-Вільямс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Monier Monier-Williams</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">KCIE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg/220px-Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg/330px-Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg/440px-Monier_Monier-Williams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="866" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Photo of Monier Monier-Williams by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Monier Williams</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1819-11-12</span>)</span>12 November 1819<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1899<span style="display:none">(1899-04-11)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_School" title="King's College School">King's College School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company_College" title="East India Company College">East India Company College</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit" title="Boden Professor of Sanskrit">Boden Professor of Sanskrit</a>;<br />Sanskrit–English dictionary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Monier Monier-Williams</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">KCIE</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Né">né</a> <b>Williams</b>; 12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899) was a British scholar who was the second <a href="/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit" title="Boden Professor of Sanskrit">Boden Professor of Sanskrit</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford University</a>, England. He studied, documented and taught <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asian languages</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monier Williams was born in <a href="/wiki/Mombai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mombai">Bombay</a>, the son of Colonel Monier Williams, <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_general" title="Surveyor general">surveyor-general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay presidency">Bombay presidency</a>. His surname was "Williams" until 1887, when he added his given name to his surname to create the hyphenated "Monier-Williams". In 1822, he was sent to England to be educated at private schools at Hove, Chelsea and Finchley. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_School" title="King's College School">King's College School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a> (1838–40), the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company_College" title="East India Company College">East India Company College</a> (1840–41) and <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College, Oxford</a> (1841–44). He took a fourth-class honours degree in <a href="/wiki/Literae_Humaniores" class="mw-redirect" title="Literae Humaniores">Literae Humaniores</a> in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married Julia Grantham in 1848. They had six sons and one daughter. He died, aged 79, in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1874 he bought and lived in Enfield House, <a href="/wiki/Ventnor" title="Ventnor">Ventnor</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> where he and his family lived until at least 1881. (The 1881 census records the occupant was 61-year-old Professor Monier Monier-Williams; his wife, Julia; and two children, Montague (20) and Ella (22).)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monier Williams taught Asian languages at the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> College from 1844 until 1858<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">company rule in India</a> ended after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a>. He came to national prominence during the <a href="/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit_election,_1860" class="mw-redirect" title="Boden Professor of Sanskrit election, 1860">1860 election campaign</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit" title="Boden Professor of Sanskrit">Boden Chair of Sanskrit</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>, in which he stood against <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a>. </p><p>The vacancy followed the death of <a href="/wiki/Horace_Hayman_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horace Hayman Wilson">Horace Hayman Wilson</a> in 1860. Wilson had started the university's collection of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> manuscripts upon taking the chair in 1831, and had indicated his preference that Williams should be his successor. The campaign was notoriously acrimonious. Müller was known for his liberal religious views and his philosophical speculations based on his reading of Vedic literature. Monier Williams was seen as a less brilliant scholar, but had a detailed practical knowledge of India itself, and of actual religious practices in modern Hinduism. Müller, in contrast, had never visited India.<sup id="cite_ref-nirad_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nirad-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Monier_Williams%27s_submission_to_the_members_of_Convocation_of_the_University_of_Oxford,_1860" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Monier Williams's submission to the members of Convocation of the University of Oxford, 1860">Monier Williams's submission for the Boden Professorship election</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>Both candidates had to emphasise their support for Christian evangelisation in India, since that was the basis on which the professorship had been funded by its founder. Monier Williams' dedication to Christianisation was not doubted, unlike Müller's.<sup id="cite_ref-tom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monier Williams also stated that his aims were practical rather than speculative. "Englishmen are too practical to study a language very philosophically", he wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-nirad_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nirad-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his appointment to the professorship Williams declared from the outset that the conversion of India to the Christian religion should be one of the aims of <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">orientalist</a> scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-tom_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i>Hinduism</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Christian_Knowledge" title="Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge">SPCK</a> in 1877, he predicted the demise of the Hindu religion and called for Christian evangelism to ward off the spread of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-tom_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Saurabh Dube this work is "widely credited to have introduced the term Hinduism into general English usage"<sup id="cite_ref-Dube1998_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube1998-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while David N. Lorenzen cites the book along with <i>India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lorenzen2006_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorenzen2006-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings_and_foundations">Writings and foundations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Writings and foundations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg/220px-ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg/330px-ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg/440px-ExLibrisMonierWilliams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption>Bookplate</figcaption></figure> <p>When Monier Williams founded the University's <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute" title="Indian Institute">Indian Institute</a> in 1883, it provided both an academic focus and also a training ground for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the early 1870s Monier Williams planned this institution. His vision was the better acquaintance of England and India. On this account he supported academic research into <a href="/wiki/Indian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian culture">Indian culture</a>. Monier Williams travelled to India in 1875, 1876 and 1883 to finance his project by fundraising. He gained the support of <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Indian native princes</a>. In 1883 the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a> laid the foundation stone; the building was inaugurated in 1896 by <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a>. The Institute closed on <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Indian independence</a> in 1947. </p><p>In his writings on Hinduism Monier Williams argued that the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> system best represented the Vedic ideal and was the "highest way to salvation" in Hinduism. He considered the more popular traditions of <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a> to be of lesser spiritual value. However, he argued that Hinduism is a complex "huge polygon or irregular multilateral figure" that was unified by <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit literature</a>. He stated that "no description of Hinduism can be exhaustive which does not touch on almost every religious and philosophical idea that the world has ever known."<sup id="cite_ref-tom_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monier-Williams compiled a <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>–English dictionary, based on the earlier <i><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_B%C3%B6htlingk#Scholarship" title="Otto von Böhtlingk">Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was published in 1872. A later revised edition was published in 1899 with collaboration by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Leumann" title="Ernst Leumann">Ernst Leumann</a> and Carl Cappeller (<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Cappeller" class="extiw" title="sv:Carl Cappeller">sv</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomfield1900_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomfield1900-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> in 1876, and was made <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire">KCIE</a> in 1887, when he adopted his given name of Monier as an additional surname. He was elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also received the following academic honours: Honorary DCL, Oxford, 1875; LLD, <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Calcutta_honorary_degree_recipients" title="List of University of Calcutta honorary degree recipients">Calcutta</a>, 1876; Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1880; Honorary PhD, Göttingen, 1880s; Vice-President, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Asiatic Society">Royal Asiatic Society</a>, 1890; Honorary Fellow of University College, Oxford, 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monier-Williams's translations include that of <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kālidāsa">Kālidāsa</a>'s plays <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram%C5%8Drva%C5%9B%C4%AByam" title="Vikramōrvaśīyam">Vikramorvasi</a></i> (1849)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81na%C5%9B%C4%81kuntalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhijñānaśākuntalam">Śākuntala</a></i> (1853; 2nd ed. 1876).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Translation of <i><a href="/wiki/Shakuntala" title="Shakuntala">Shakuntala</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12169">(1853)</a></li> <li><i>Hindu Literature: comprising the Book of Good Counsels, Nala and Damayanti, the Rámáyana and Śakoontalá</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_works">Original works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Original works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png/300px-Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png/450px-Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png/600px-Devanagari_ligatures_Monier-Williams_1846.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Picture with <a href="/wiki/Devanagari#Conjunct_consonants" title="Devanagari">devanagari conjuncts</a> from <i>An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language</i>, page 25, Monier Monier-Williams (1846).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anelementarygra00wilgoog"><i>An Elementary Grammar of the Sanscrit Language: Partly in the Roman Character, Arranged According to a New Theory, in Reference Especially to the Classical Languages; with Short Extracts in Easy Prose. To which is Added, a Selection from the Institutes of Manu, with Copious References to the Grammar, and an English Translation</i></a>. W. H. Allen & Company. 1846.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Elementary+Grammar+of+the+Sanscrit+Language%3A+Partly+in+the+Roman+Character%2C+Arranged+According+to+a+New+Theory%2C+in+Reference+Especially+to+the+Classical+Languages%3B+with+Short+Extracts+in+Easy+Prose.+To+which+is+Added%2C+a+Selection+from+the+Institutes+of+Manu%2C+with+Copious+References+to+the+Grammar%2C+and+an+English+Translation&rft.pub=W.+H.+Allen+%26+Company&rft.date=1846&rft.au=Sir+Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanelementarygra00wilgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FyRFAAAAcAAJ"><i>Original papers illustrating the history of the application of the Roman alphabet to the languages of India: Edited by Monier Williams</i> (1859)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIeyt2Tqzw0C">Modern Reprint</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=co7Mkn2SUQ8C"><i>Indian Wisdom, Or, Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindūs</i></a>. London: Oxford. 1875.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Wisdom%2C+Or%2C+Examples+of+the+Religious%2C+Philosophical%2C+and+Ethical+Doctrines+of+the+Hind%C5%ABs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1875&rft.au=Sir+Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dco7Mkn2SUQ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hinduism00wilgoog"><i>Hinduism</i></a>. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1877.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1877&rft.au=Sir+Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhinduism00wilgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernindiaandi01monigoog"><i>Modern India and the Indians: Being a Series of Impressions, Notes, and Essays</i></a>. Trübner and Company. 1878.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+India+and+the+Indians%3A+Being+a+Series+of+Impressions%2C+Notes%2C+and+Essays&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+and+Company&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Sir+Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernindiaandi01monigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Translation of <a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a></i> – The manuscript of the principal scripture <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Malcolm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Malcolm">Sir John Malcolm</a> received from <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a> on 26 February 1830 when he was serving as the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bombay_Presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bombay Presidency">Governor of Bombay Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Imperial India</a>. Currently preserved at <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>.</li> <li><i>Brahmanism and Hinduism</i> (1883)</li> <li><i>Buddhism, in its connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism, and in its contrast with Christianity</i> (1889)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-864308-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-864308-X">0-19-864308-X</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/index.html"><i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages</i></a>, Monier Monier-Williams, revised by E. Leumann, C. Cappeller, et al. 1899, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>, Oxford</li> <li><i>A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, Arranged with Reference to the Classical Languages of Europe, for the Use of English Students</i>, Oxford: Clarendon, 1857, enlarged and improved Fourth Edition 1887</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford University Calendar 1895</i>, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1895, p.131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonell1901_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacdonell1901">Macdonell 1901</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007913124"><i>Memorials of old Haileybury College</i></a>. A. Constable and Company. 1894.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorials+of+old+Haileybury+College&rft.pub=A.+Constable+and+Company&rft.date=1894&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F007913124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065563573;view=1up;seq=234">"Review of <i>Memorials of Old Haileybury College</i> by Sir Monier Monier-Williams and other Contributors"</a>. <i>The Quarterly Review</i>. <b>179</b>: 224–243. July 1894.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+Memorials+of+Old+Haileybury+College+by+Sir+Monier+Monier-Williams+and+other+Contributors&rft.volume=179&rft.pages=224-243&rft.date=1894-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dcoo.31924065563573%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nirad-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nirad_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nirad_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nirad_C._Chaudhuri" title="Nirad C. Chaudhuri">Nirad C. Chaudhuri</a>, <i>Scholar Extraordinary, The Life of Professor the Right Honourable Friedrich Max Muller</i>, P.C., Chatto and Windus, 1974, pp. 221–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tom_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tom_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tom_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tom_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Terence Thomas, <i>The British: their religious beliefs and practices, 1800–1986</i>, Routledge, 1988, pp. 85–88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dube1998-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dube1998_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaurabh_Dube1998" class="citation book cs1">Saurabh Dube (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_fYPCm1EJeAC&pg=PA232"><i>Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power among a Central Indian Community, 1780–1950</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3687-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3687-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-3687-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untouchable+Pasts%3A+Religion%2C+Identity%2C+and+Power+among+a+Central+Indian+Community%2C+1780%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3687-5&rft.au=Saurabh+Dube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_fYPCm1EJeAC%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Duff1839" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Duff (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219394"><i>India, and India Missions: Including Sketches of the Gigantic System of Hinduism, Both in Theory and Practice : Also Notices of Some of the Principal Agencies Employed in Conducting the Process of Indian Evangelization, &c. &c</i></a>. J. Johnstone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%2C+and+India+Missions%3A+Including+Sketches+of+the+Gigantic+System+of+Hinduism%2C+Both+in+Theory+and+Practice+%3A+Also+Notices+of+Some+of+the+Principal+Agencies+Employed+in+Conducting+the+Process+of+Indian+Evangelization%2C+%26c.+%26c&rft.pub=J.+Johnstone&rft.date=1839&rft.au=Alexander+Duff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.219394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span> for popularising of the term.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lorenzen2006-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lorenzen2006_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_N._Lorenzen2006" class="citation book cs1">David N. Lorenzen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SO-YmMWpcVEC&pg=PA4"><i>Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History</i></a>. Yoda Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-902272-6-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-902272-6-1"><bdi>978-81-902272-6-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Invented+Hinduism%3A+Essays+on+Religion+in+History&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Yoda+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-902272-6-1&rft.au=David+N.+Lorenzen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSO-YmMWpcVEC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamalakaran2014" class="citation web cs1">Kamalakaran, Ajay (12 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/blogs/2014/04/12/st_petersburgs_illustrious_sanskrit_connections_34481">"St Petersburg's illustrious Sanskrit connections"</a>. <i>www.rbth.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rbth.com&rft.atitle=St+Petersburg%27s+illustrious+Sanskrit+connections&rft.date=2014-04-12&rft.aulast=Kamalakaran&rft.aufirst=Ajay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbth.com%2Fblogs%2F2014%2F04%2F12%2Fst_petersburgs_illustrious_sanskrit_connections_34481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomfield1900-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloomfield1900_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomfield1900" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bloomfield" title="Maurice Bloomfield">Bloomfield, Maurice</a> (1900). "<i>A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages</i> by Monier Monier-Williams; E. Leumann; C. Cappeller". <i>The American Journal of Philology</i>. <b>21</b> (3): 323–327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F287725">10.2307/287725</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015016641824">2027/mdp.39015016641824</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/287725">287725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Philology&rft.atitle=A+Sanskrit-English+Dictionary%2C+Etymologically+and+Philologically+Arranged+with+Special+Reference+to+Cognate+Indo-European+Languages+by+Monier+Monier-Williams%3B+E.+Leumann%3B+C.+Cappeller&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-327&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015016641824&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F287725%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F287725&rft.aulast=Bloomfield&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1886;smode=advanced;startDoc=41">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fyear%3D1886%3Bsmode%3Dadvanced%3BstartDoc%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler,_Jr.1902" class="citation journal cs1">Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1902). "Bibliography of Kālidāsa's Mālavikāgnimitra and Vikramorvaçī". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>23</b>: 93–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F592384">10.2307/592384</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/592384">592384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Bibliography+of+K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa%27s+M%C4%81lavik%C4%81gnimitra+and+Vikramorva%C3%A7%C4%AB&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=93-101&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F592384&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F592384%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schuyler%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler,_Jr.1901" class="citation journal cs1">Schuyler, Jr., Montgomery (1901). "The Editions and Translations of Çakuntalā". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>22</b>: 237–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F592432">10.2307/592432</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/592432">592432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Editions+and+Translations+of+%C3%87akuntal%C4%81&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=237-248&rft.date=1901&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F592432&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F592432%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schuyler%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Montgomery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier_Monier-Williams1889" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F470215">"Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brahmanism and Hinduism and in Its Contrast with Christianity"</a>. <i>The Old Testament Student</i>. <b>8</b> (10): 389–390. June 1889. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F470215">10.1086/470215</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3156561">3156561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Old+Testament+Student&rft.atitle=Buddhism+in+Its+Connexion+with+Brahmanism+and+Hinduism+and+in+Its+Contrast+with+Christianity&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=389-390&rft.date=1889-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F470215&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3156561%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F470215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Katz, J. B. (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18955">"Williams, Sir Monier Monier-"</a></span>. In Katz, J. B (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (October 2007 ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F18955">10.1093/ref:odnb/18955</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Williams%2C+Sir+Monier+Monier-&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=October+2007&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F18955&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F18955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacdonell1901" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1901). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Monier-Williams, Monier"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1901_supplement/Monier-Williams,_Monier">"Monier-Williams, Monier" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (1st supplement)</i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 186–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monier-Williams%2C+Monier&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%281st+supplement%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=186-187&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Macdonell&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonier+Monier-Williams" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Monier Monier-Williams</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Monier_Monier-Williams" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Monier Monier-Williams">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" class="extiw" title="q:Monier Monier-Williams">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Monier_Monier-Williams" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Monier Monier-Williams">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/q713510" class="extiw" title="d:q713510">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spokensanskrit.org/">SpokenSankrit Online Free Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/index.html">Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries</a> (Searchable), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/index.html">Monier-Williams' <i>Sanskrit-English Dictionary</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shikshapatri.org.uk/~imagedb/content.php/monier">Biography of Sir Monier Monier-Williams</a>, Dr. Gillian Evison, Digital Shikshapatri</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexica.indica-et-buddhica.org/dict/lexica">Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary</a>, Searchable</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shikshapatri.org.uk/~imagedb//view/viewalbumslide.php?albumID=5">Monier-Williams Shikshapatri manuscript</a>, Digital Shikshapatri</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103746/http://www.ocvhs.com/studies/">The Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indica-et-buddhica.org/repositorium/dictionaries/monier-williams-dict-html">Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: DICT and HTML versions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2399">Works by Monier Monier-Williams</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Monier-Williams%2C%20Monier%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Monier%20Monier-Williams%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Monier-Williams%2C%20Monier%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Monier%20Monier-Williams%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Monier-Williams%2C%20M%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Monier%20Monier-Williams%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Monier-Williams%2C%20Monier%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Monier%20Monier-Williams%22%29%20OR%20%28%221819-1899%22%20AND%20Monier-Williams%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Monier Monier-Williams</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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Wilson">Horace Hayman Wilson</a> (1832)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1860_Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit_election" title="1860 Boden Professor of Sanskrit election">1860 election</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monier Monier-Williams</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Anthony_Macdonell" title="Arthur Anthony Macdonell">Arthur Anthony Macdonell</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Thomas_(philologist)" title="Frederick William Thomas (philologist)">Frederick William Thomas</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Johnston_(orientalist)" title="Edward Johnston (orientalist)">Edward Johnston</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burrow" title="Thomas Burrow">Thomas Burrow</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gombrich" title="Richard Gombrich">Richard Gombrich</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Minkowski" title="Christopher Minkowski">Christopher Minkowski</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" 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class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50081514">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125727036">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125727036">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00742773">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Monier-Williams, Monier <1819-1899>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV526376">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35358703">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00943955?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/924544">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118173405.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118173405">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035042451">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63c8nmh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&oldid=1237396294">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monier_Monier-Williams&oldid=1237396294</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1819_births" title="Category:1819 births">1819 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