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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Damage_and_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Damage_and_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Damage and casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Damage_and_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tsunami" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tsunami"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tsunami</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tsunami-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_and_relief_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjil-Rudbar-Beben_1990" title="Manjil-Rudbar-Beben 1990 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manjil-Rudbar-Beben 1990" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terremoto_de_Manjil-Rudbar_de_1990" title="Terremoto de Manjil-Rudbar de 1990 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terremoto de Manjil-Rudbar de 1990" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B6%DB%B9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%84" title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۳۶۹ رودبار و منجیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌لرزه ۱۳۶۹ رودبار و منجیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زلزله رودبار – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زلزله رودبار" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%EB%85%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%84" title="1990년 이란 지진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1990년 이란 지진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Manjil-Rudbar_1990" title="Gempa bumi Manjil-Rudbar 1990 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gempa bumi Manjil-Rudbar 1990" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%97%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="イラン北西部ルードバール地震 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イラン北西部ルードバール地震" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trz%C4%99sienie_ziemi_w_Mand%C5%BCil-Rudbar_(1990)" title="Trzęsienie ziemi w Mandżil-Rudbar (1990) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzęsienie ziemi w Mandżil-Rudbar (1990)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Mencil-Rudbar_depremi" title="1990 Mencil-Rudbar depremi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1990 Mencil-Rudbar depremi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_(1990)" title="Землетрус Манджил-Радбар (1990) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Землетрус Манджил-Радбар (1990)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%BC%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94-%E9%B2%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="1990年曼吉尔-鲁德巴地震 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1990年曼吉尔-鲁德巴地震" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&params=37.07_N_49.28_E_region:IR_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">49°17′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.07°N 49.28°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.07; 49.28</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1990 severe earthquake centered in northeastern Iran</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings,_Iran_(Persia)_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg/260px-Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg/390px-Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg/520px-Collapse_of_Unreinforced_Masonry_Buildings%2C_Iran_%28Persia%29_-_1990_Manjil_Roudbar_Earthquake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="498" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Collapsed <a href="/wiki/Unreinforced_masonry_building" title="Unreinforced masonry building">unreinforced masonry buildings</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake is located in Iran"><img alt="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/260px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/390px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/520px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.903%;left:28.195%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-20px;top:-20px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake"><img alt="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/60px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/80px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.742%;left:38.634%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tehran"><img alt="Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Tehran</div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> time</th><td class="infobox-data">1990-06-20 21:00:14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">ISC</a> event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=366754">366754</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">USGS-<a href="/wiki/Advanced_National_Seismic_System" title="Advanced National Seismic System">ANSS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem366754">ComCat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 June 1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1990-06-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local time</th><td class="infobox-data">00:30:14 IRST</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">7.4 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000004-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data">15 km (9 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&params=37.07_N_49.28_E_region:IR_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">49°17′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.07°N 49.28°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.07; 49.28</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fault</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudbar_Fault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudbar Fault (page does not exist)">Rudbar Fault</a><sup id="cite_ref-Berberian_&_Walker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berberian_&_Walker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)#Strike-slip_faults" title="Fault (geology)">Strike-slip</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGER-CAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(200, 0, 0); padding:4px; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-10" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:white;">MMI X (<i>Extreme</i>)</span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">35,000–45,000 killed<sup id="cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGER-CAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> 60,000–105,000 injured<sup id="cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGER-CAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> 105,000–400,000 displaced<sup id="cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAGER-CAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake</b> (Persian: زمین‌لرزه ۱۳۶۹ رودبار و منجیل) occurred on Thursday, 21 June 1990 at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="21:00:14 June 20, 1990 UTC">00:30:14 local time</span> in the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> region of northern Iran. The shock had a <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude</a> of 7.4 and a <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli Intensity</a> of X (<i>Extreme</i>). Devastation occurred in a 20,000 km<sup>2</sup> (7,700 sq mi) area, causing extensive damage in several cities. A large aftershock also added to the destruction. Between 35,000 and 50,000 people died in the earthquake; another 60,000–105,000 were injured. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectonic_setting">Tectonic setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tectonic setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">Iran is one of the most seismically active regions in the world</a>. Northwestern Iran, lies within northern part of the complex zone of <a href="/wiki/Continental_collision" title="Continental collision">collision</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_plate" title="Arabian plate">Arabian plate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_plate" title="Eurasian plate">Eurasian plate</a>. The Arabian plate is moving northwards relative to the Eurasian plate and the dominant style of faulting in the western Alborz Mountains involves movement on major <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust faults</a>, combined with subordinate left-lateral strike-slip faulting.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajorlou_etal_2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajorlou_etal_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquake">Earthquake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Focal_mechanism" title="Focal mechanism">focal mechanism</a> of the earthquake indicate that the event corresponded with left-lateral strike-slip faulting with an epicenter in <a href="/wiki/Gilan_province" title="Gilan province">Gilan province</a>. Surface rupture of about 80 km (50 mi) was observed along three segments of the previously unknown <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudbar_Fault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudbar Fault (page does not exist)">Rudbar Fault</a>. Displacements estimated in the field gave an average of 60 cm left lateral motion combined with 95 cm of vertical motion, much lower than would be estimated from the observed magnitude. Optical correlation techniques using <a href="/wiki/SPOT_(satellite)" title="SPOT (satellite)">SPOT satellite</a> imagery and aerial photographs have given estimates of 220 cm left lateral movement, better matching the magnitude and suggesting that a significant proportion of the displacement may have occurred off the main fault strand.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajorlou_etal_2021_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajorlou_etal_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 July 1983, a M<sub>w</sub>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Charazeh_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Charazeh earthquake (page does not exist)">5.5 earthquake</a> struck <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_province" title="Mazandaran province">Mazandaran province</a>, killing 30 people. That earthquake although situated just southwest of the 1990 earthquake's epicenter, is unlikely a <a href="/wiki/Foreshock" title="Foreshock">foreshock</a> to the 1990 event. The <a href="/wiki/Coulomb_stress_transfer" title="Coulomb stress transfer">Coulomb stress transfer</a> from the 1983 source fault to the 1990 earthquake source fault was insufficient. Stress modelling showed the 1983 earthquake had decreased crustal stress in the epicenter area of the 1990 earthquake rather than increasing it.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarkarinejad15_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarkarinejad15-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Damage_and_casualties">Damage and casualties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Damage and casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg/250px-1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg/375px-1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg/500px-1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake_shakemap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Strong_ground_motion" title="Strong ground motion">Strong ground motion</a> map</figcaption></figure> <p>Widespread damage occurred to the northwest of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, including the cities of <a href="/wiki/Rudbar" title="Rudbar">Rudbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manjil" title="Manjil">Manjil</a>. The total area of devastation was measured to be 20,000 km<sup>2</sup> (7,700 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Geophysical_Data_Center" title="National Geophysical Data Center">National Geophysical Data Center</a> estimated that $8 billion in damage occurred in the affected area. Other earthquake catalogs presented estimates of the loss of life in the range of 35,000–50,000, with a further 60,000–105,000 that were injured and 400,000 rendered homeless. The earthquake struck 30 minutes after midnight when most people were sleeping in their basic mud dwellings, a major factor contributing to the high death toll. </p><p>The morning after the mainshock, a 6.5 magnitude aftershock hit the city of <a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a>, causing a <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> to break and creating a large flood and landslide, flooding and wiping out huge swaths of farmland. Other landslides also made many roads unusable, with one landslide next to Rudbar moving up to 20 million cubic meters of land.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were at least 223 landslides recorded within a 11.3 km<sup>2</sup> (4.4 sq mi) area with a total volume of 380,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> (1.3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>10</sup> cu ft).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in the densely populated region of the <a href="/wiki/Alborz_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Alborz mountains">Alborz mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berberian_&_Walker_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berberian_&_Walker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Damage was extreme in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Manjil" title="Manjil">Manjil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rudbar" title="Rudbar">Rudbar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Khalkhal,_Iran" title="Khalkhal, Iran">Khalkhal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nowshahr" title="Nowshahr">Nowshahr</a> also recorded significant damage. In <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, the damage was slight.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soil_liquefaction" title="Soil liquefaction">Soil liquefaction</a> also caused extensive damage in an area of about 80 km (50 mi) to the northeast of the earthquake's epicenter, ruining irrigation canals, pipelines, and splitting pavements apart. Water wells were also filled with boiled sand.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some of the smaller, hard-to-reach towns in the <a href="/wiki/Alborz_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Alborz mountains">Alborz mountains</a>, there were no survivors and no house was left standing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most buildings destroyed were <a href="/wiki/Unreinforced_masonry_building" title="Unreinforced masonry building">unreinforced masonry buildings</a>, or UMBs, buildings made out of unsupported brick, cinderblock or other masonry elements which will collapse during strong earthquakes like the Iran earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tsunami">Tsunami</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tsunami"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake was accompanied by a small, localized <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>. The waves were reported to reach 2 meters (6.5 ft) and inundated up to 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) inland. Presumably, an underwater landslide contributed to the notable tsunami, taking place on the steep shores of the continental shelf in the area. Although there were no reported casualties or severe damage in the wake of the tsunami, it reaffirmed the existence of a tsunami in the Caspian Sea and suggested that an underwater landslide that could be caused by an earthquake near the area could cause a life-threatening and potent tsunami.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_relief_efforts">Aftermath and relief efforts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath and relief efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake took place as Iran was recovering from the <a href="/wiki/Iran-Iraq_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran-Iraq war">Iran-Iraq war</a> that ended just two years prior. Due to anti-American sentiment in Iran at the time, with the earthquake taking place just 10 years after the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>, Iranians initially did not want to accept help from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and other western countries, but they were not in a position to launch an extensive relief effort on their own.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Iranian government and the governments that responded to the earthquake issued over 2,900 tents for the unhoused and camps for hundreds of thousands of people affected by the disaster. 170,000 blankets were also sent in to protect Iranians from the cold.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unusual outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Acute_renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute renal failure">acute renal failure</a> (ARF) occurred in the aftermath of the earthquake, with the number of victims needing dialysis support rising to 156, with a mortality rate of 14 percent. Patients with ARF were more severely injured and usually had <a href="/wiki/Nerve_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve damage">nerve damage</a>, elevated muscle enzymes, and abnormal urinalysis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_media">Use in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acclaimed Iranian director <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Kiarostami" title="Abbas Kiarostami">Abbas Kiarostami</a> has fictionally incorporated the earthquake and its effects on northern Iran into multiple films of his. In <i><a href="/wiki/And_Life_Goes_On" title="And Life Goes On">And Life Goes On</a></i> (1992), a director and his son search for child actors from a previous Kiarostami film; <i><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_the_Friend%27s_Home%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Where Is the Friend's Home?">Where Is the Friend's Home?</a></i> (1986), which was shot in a city that, by the time of the second film's production, is recovering from the earthquake. Kiarostami's next film <i>Through the Olive Trees</i> (1994) follows a film crew as they shoot scenes from <i><a href="/wiki/Life,_and_Nothing_More..." class="mw-redirect" title="Life, and Nothing More...">Life, and Nothing More...</a></i>; in one of these scenes a man discusses his marriage having taken place a day after the earthquake. Critics and scholars often refer to these three films as the <a href="/wiki/Koker_trilogy" title="Koker trilogy">Koker trilogy</a>, and rank them among the director's finest works.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1990" title="List of earthquakes in 1990">List of earthquakes in 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">List of earthquakes in Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFISC2015" class="citation cs2">ISC (19 January 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php"><i>ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)</i></a>, Version 2.0, <a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">International Seismological Centre</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISC-GEM+Global+Instrumental+Earthquake+Catalogue+%281900%E2%80%932009%29&rft.series=Version+2.0&rft.pub=International+Seismological+Centre&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft.au=ISC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isc.ac.uk%2Fiscgem%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berberian_&_Walker-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berberian_&_Walker_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berberian_&_Walker_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberianWalker2010" class="citation journal cs1">Berberian, Manuel; Walker, Richard (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x">"The Rudbār Mw 7.3 earthquake of 1990 June 20; seismotectonics, coseismic and geomorphic displacements, and historic earthquakes of the western 'High-Alborz', Iran"</a>. <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>. <b>182</b> (3): 1577–1602. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoJI.182.1577B">2010GeoJI.182.1577B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x">10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04705.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=The+Rudb%C4%81r+Mw+7.3+earthquake+of+1990+June+20%3B+seismotectonics%2C+coseismic+and+geomorphic+displacements%2C+and+historic+earthquakes+of+the+western+%27High-Alborz%27%2C+Iran&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1577-1602&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010GeoJI.182.1577B&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft.au=Walker%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerberianQorashiJacksonPriestley1992">Berberian et al. 1992</a>, pp. 1752, 1753</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAGER-CAT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAGER-CAT_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/"><i>PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog</i></a>, Version 2008_06.1, United States Geological Survey, 4 September 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PAGER-CAT+Earthquake+Catalog&rft.series=Version+2008_06.1&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fstatic%2Flfs%2Fdata%2Fpager%2Fcatalogs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerberianQorashiJacksonPriestley1992">Berberian et al. 1992</a>, p. 1731</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ajorlou_etal_2021-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ajorlou_etal_2021_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ajorlou_etal_2021_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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A.; Priestley, K.; Wallace, T. (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/82/4/1726.abstract">"The Rudbar-Tarom earthquake of 20 June 1990 in NW Persia: Preliminary field and seismological observations, and its tectonic significance"</a>, <i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>, <b>82</b> (4): 1726–1755</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Rudbar-Tarom+earthquake+of+20+June+1990+in+NW+Persia%3A+Preliminary+field+and+seismological+observations%2C+and+its+tectonic+significance&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1726-1755&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Qorashi%2C+M.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Priestley%2C+K.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbssa.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcontent%2F82%2F4%2F1726.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberianWalker2010" class="citation cs2">Berberian, M.; Walker, R. (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iris.edu/data/reports/1990/90-013/IRAN.1990eq.report.pdf">"The Rudbar Mw 7.3 earthquake of 1990 June 20; seismotectonics, coseismic and geomorphic displacements, and historic earthquakes of the western 'High-Alborz', Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geophysical_Journal_International" title="Geophysical Journal International">Geophysical Journal International</a></i>, <b>182</b> (3): 1577–1602, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010GeoJI.182.1577B">2010GeoJI.182.1577B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x">10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04705.x</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=The+Rudbar+Mw+7.3+earthquake+of+1990+June+20%3B+seismotectonics%2C+coseismic+and+geomorphic+displacements%2C+and+historic+earthquakes+of+the+western+%27High-Alborz%27%2C+Iran&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1577-1602&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246x.2010.04705.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010GeoJI.182.1577B&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Walker%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iris.edu%2Fdata%2Freports%2F1990%2F90-013%2FIRAN.1990eq.report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedmondWatsonNightingale1991" class="citation cs2">Redmond, A. D.; Watson, S.; Nightingale, P. (1991), "The South Manchester Accident Rescue Team and the Earthquake in Iran, June 1990", <i>BMJ: British Medical Journal</i>, <b>302</b> (6791): 1521–1523, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.302.6791.1521">10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1521</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29712007">29712007</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1670205">1670205</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1855026">1855026</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ%3A+British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+South+Manchester+Accident+Rescue+Team+and+the+Earthquake+in+Iran%2C+June+1990&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=6791&rft.pages=1521-1523&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1670205%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1855026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29712007%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.302.6791.1521&rft.aulast=Redmond&rft.aufirst=A.+D.&rft.au=Watson%2C+S.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990+Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake">1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0004arq#general_summary">7.4 – northern Iran</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/">International Seismological Centre</a> has a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=366754">bibliography</a> and/or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=366754&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE">authoritative data</a> for this event.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_1990" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in 1990"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_1990" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in 1990"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_Earthquakes_in_1990_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1989" title="List of earthquakes in 1989">←</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1990" title="List of earthquakes in 1990">Earthquakes in 1990</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1991" title="List of earthquakes in 1991">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Bohol_Sea_earthquake" title="1990 Bohol Sea earthquake">Bohol Sea</a> (6.8, Feb 8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Upland_earthquake" title="1990 Upland earthquake">Upland</a> (5.7, Feb 28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Bishop%27s_Castle_earthquake" title="1990 Bishop's Castle earthquake">Bishop's Castle</a> (5.1, Apr 2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Gonghe_earthquake" title="1990 Gonghe earthquake">Gonghe</a> (7.0, Apr 26) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_South_Sudan_earthquakes" title="1990 South Sudan earthquakes">South Sudan</a> (7.1, May 20) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_Alto_Mayo_earthquakes" title="1990–91 Alto Mayo earthquakes">Alto Mayo</a> (6.6, May 29) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Vrancea_earthquakes" title="1990 Vrancea earthquakes">Vrancea</a> (6.7, 6.2, 6.1, May 30/31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Panay_earthquake" title="1990 Panay earthquake">Panay</a> (7.1, Jun 14)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manjil–Rudbar</a> (7.4, Jun 21) <b>†</b> <b>‡</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peak_disaster" title="Lenin Peak disaster">Lenin Peak</a> (6.4, Jul 13) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">Luzon</a> (7.8, Jul 16) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Carlentini_earthquake" title="1990 Carlentini earthquake">Carlentini</a> (5.6, Dec 13)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>†</b> indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths<br /> <b>‡</b> indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Template:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">Earthquakes in Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/856_Damghan_earthquake" title="856 Damghan earthquake">856 Damghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/893_Ardabil_earthquake" title="893 Ardabil earthquake">893 Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667_Shamakhi_earthquake" title="1667 Shamakhi earthquake">1667 Shamakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1641_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1641 Tabriz earthquake">1641 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">1679 Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1721_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1721 Tabriz earthquake">1721 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1727 Tabriz earthquake">1727 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1778_Kashan_earthquake" title="1778 Kashan earthquake">1778 Kashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1780 Tabriz earthquake">1780 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Ahora_earthquake" title="1840 Ahora earthquake">1840 Ahora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_Shiraz_earthquake" title="1853 Shiraz earthquake">1853 Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871%E2%80%9372_Quchan_earthquakes" title="1871–72 Quchan earthquakes">1871–72 Quchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Bozqush_earthquake" title="1879 Bozqush earthquake">1879 Bozqush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Quchan_earthquake" title="1893 Quchan earthquake">1893 Quchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Quchan_earthquake" title="1895 Quchan earthquake">1895 Quchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1909_Borujerd_earthquake" title="1909 Borujerd earthquake">1909 Borujerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Torbat-e_Heydarieh_earthquake" title="1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh earthquake">1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Kopet_Dag_earthquake" title="1929 Kopet Dag earthquake">1929 Kopet Dag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Salmas_earthquake" title="1930 Salmas earthquake">1930 Salmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Dustabad_earthquake" title="1947 Dustabad earthquake">1947 Dustabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Ashgabat_earthquake" title="1948 Ashgabat earthquake">1948 Ashgabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Torud_earthquake" title="1953 Torud earthquake">1953 Torud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Alborz_earthquake" title="1957 Alborz earthquake">1957 Alborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Farsinaj_earthquake" title="1957 Farsinaj earthquake">1957 Farsinaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Firuzabad_earthquake" title="1958 Firuzabad earthquake">1958 Firuzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Dasht-e_Bayaz_and_Ferdows_earthquakes" title="1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes">1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Qir_earthquake" title="1972 Qir earthquake">1972 Qir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Khurgu_earthquake" title="1977 Khurgu earthquake">1977 Khurgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Naghan_earthquake" title="1977 Naghan earthquake">1977 Naghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Bob%E2%80%93Tangol_earthquake" title="1977 Bob–Tangol earthquake">1977 Bob–Tangol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Tabas_earthquake" title="1978 Tabas earthquake">1978 Tabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ghaenat_earthquakes" title="1979 Ghaenat earthquakes">1979 Ghaenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Golbaf_earthquake" title="1981 Golbaf earthquake">1981 Golbaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Sirch_earthquake" title="1981 Sirch earthquake">1981 Sirch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990 Manjil–Rudbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Bojnurd_earthquake" title="1997 Bojnurd earthquake">1997 Bojnurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Ardabil_earthquake" title="1997 Ardabil earthquake">1997 Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Qayen_earthquake" title="1997 Qayen earthquake">1997 Qayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Bou%27in-Zahra_earthquake" title="2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake">2002 Bou'in-Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Bam_earthquake" title="2003 Bam earthquake">2003 Bam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Baladeh_earthquake" title="2004 Baladeh earthquake">2004 Baladeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Zarand_earthquake" title="2005 Zarand earthquake">2005 Zarand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Qeshm_earthquake" title="2005 Qeshm earthquake">2005 Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Borujerd_earthquake" title="2006 Borujerd earthquake">2006 Borujerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Qeshm_earthquake" title="2008 Qeshm earthquake">2008 Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2010_Iran_earthquake" title="July 2010 Iran earthquake">July 2010 Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Damghan_earthquake" title="2010 Damghan earthquake">2010 Damghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hosseinabad_earthquake" title="2010 Hosseinabad earthquake">2010 Hosseinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_East_Azerbaijan_earthquakes" title="2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes">2012 East Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Zohan_earthquake" title="2012 Zohan earthquake">2012 Zohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bushehr_earthquake" title="2013 Bushehr earthquake">2013 Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Saravan_earthquake" title="2013 Saravan earthquake">2013 Saravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Borazjan_earthquake" title="2013 Borazjan earthquake">2013 Borazjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Murmuri_earthquake" title="2014 Murmuri earthquake">2014 Murmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_earthquake" title="2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake">2017 Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Sarpol-e_Zahab_earthquake" title="2018 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake">2018 Sarpol-e Zahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_East_Azerbaijan_earthquake" title="2019 East Azerbaijan earthquake">2019 East Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_earthquakes" title="2020 Iran–Turkey earthquakes">2020 Khoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hormozgan_earthquakes" title="2021 Hormozgan earthquakes">2021 Hormozgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hormozgan_earthquakes" title="2022 Hormozgan earthquakes">2022 Hormozgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_West_Azerbaijan_earthquakes" title="2022–2023 West Azerbaijan earthquakes">2022–2023 West Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Razavi_Khorasan_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Razavi Khorasan earthquake">2024 Razavi Khorasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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