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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English abolitionist and writer (1819–1868)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Wilson Armistead</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilson_Armistead.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Wilson_Armistead.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1819-08-30</span>)</span>30 August 1819<br /><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">18 February 1868<span style="display:none">(1868-02-18)</span> (aged 48)<br />Leeds, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Flax and mustard manufacturer; abolitionist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Abolition</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro" title="A Tribute for the Negro">A Tribute for the Negro</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wilson Armistead</b> (30 August 1819 – 18 February 1868) was an English businessman, abolitionist and writer from <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Anti-Slavery_Association" title="Leeds Anti-Slavery Association">Leeds Anti-Slavery Association</a> and wrote and edited anti-slavery texts. His best known work, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro" title="A Tribute for the Negro">A Tribute for the Negro</a></i>, was published in 1848 in which he describes slavery as "the most extensive and extraordinary system of crime the world ever witnessed".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851 he hosted <a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen and William Craft</a>, including them on the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> return as 'fugitive slaves' in an act that has been described as "guerrilla inscription".<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to prominent African-American abolitionist <a href="/wiki/William_Wells_Brown" title="William Wells Brown">William Wells Brown</a> "Few English gentlemen have done more to hasten the day of the slave’s liberation than Wilson Armistead".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Armistead&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wilson Armistead was born in Leeds on 30 August 1819 to Joseph and Hannah Armistead<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Holbeck" title="Holbeck">Holbeck</a> where his family's <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a> business was located at Water Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quaker meeting house was very close by in Water Lane, and in the words of Wilfred Allott the Armistead family had long been "faithful Friends".<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armistead married Mary Bragg in 1844 and their first child, a son called Joseph John was born in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple would go on to have a further four children, two more sons and two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intellectual_life_and_activism">Intellectual life and activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Armistead&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Intellectual life and activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Title page from A Tribute for the Negro by William Armistead, published in 1848" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg/220px-A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg/330px-A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg/440px-A_Tribute_for_the_Negro_-_frontispiece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1463" data-file-height="1791" /></a><figcaption>Title page from <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro" title="A Tribute for the Negro">A Tribute for the Negro</a></i> by Wilson Armistead, published in 1848</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavery16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Slavery16.jpg/220px-Slavery16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Slavery16.jpg/330px-Slavery16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Slavery16.jpg/440px-Slavery16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Slave-owner shooting a fugitive slave, from <i>500,000 strokes for freedom: a series of anti-slavery tracts</i> (1853) by Wilson Armistead (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Armistead's passionate opposition to slavery and "all distinctions of colour"<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was evident in his earliest writing and he was only 21 when he published <i>The Memoirs of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cuffe" title="Paul Cuffe">Paul Cuffe</a>: a man of colour</i> in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Calumny Refuted by Facts from Liberia</i> and <i>Slavery Illustrated in the Histories of Zangara and Maquama, Two Negroes stolen from Africa</i> were published in 1848 and 1849 respectively. In his introductions to both <i>The Memoirs of <a href="/wiki/James_Logan_(statesman)" title="James Logan (statesman)">James Logan</a></i> (1851) and <i>Life of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Benezet" title="Anthony Benezet">Anthony Benezet</a></i> (1867) Armistead refers to himself as a compiler<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he is recognised for this talent rather than author of original work.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1852 he published an edition of the founder of the Quakers <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a>'s journal, first published in 1664,<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he annotated with numerous historical and biographical footnotes.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1840s he was active in the family business and eventually would head the firm.<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, he was raising a young family and increasingly involved in <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionist</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Library" title="Leeds Library">Leeds Library</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a private <a href="/wiki/Subscription_library" title="Subscription library">subscription library</a> founded in 1768 which provided him with both a professional and ideological network.<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His activism extended to <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> and he is recorded at a lecture by <a href="/wiki/George_Thompson_(abolitionist)" title="George Thompson (abolitionist)">George Thompson</a> in Spring 1855 where, along with Thompson, he represented a minority voice urging the Government to promote peace in <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter published in the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Mercury" title="Leeds Mercury">Leeds Mercury</a> newspaper on 29 November 1859, he condemned <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many quakers, there is also evidence that Armistead supported the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Temperance movement in the United Kingdom">temperance movement</a> and in June 1854 he became a member of an auxiliary committee to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Anti-Slavery_Association" title="Leeds Anti-Slavery Association">Leeds Anti Slavery Association</a> was founded in 1853 with Armistead as its president and his wife as librarian.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1853, he welcomed <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> on behalf of the Association, acknowledging the impact of her anti-slavery novel <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years previously in 1848, Armistead had published his most influential work <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_for_the_Negro" title="A Tribute for the Negro">A Tribute for the Negro</a></i> which Irene Goodyear suggests represents a rare example of Armistead's creative writing ability, comprising 150 biographical sketches and "a well-reasoned argument covering fifteen chapters".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, it was still used as an academic text to teach about the abolition of slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources for <i>Tribute</i> provide evidence that he was in regular correspondence with high-profile abolitionists of the day including fellow Quaker and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavery_International" title="Anti-Slavery International">British and Foreign Antislavery Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sturge" title="Joseph Sturge">Joseph Sturge</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jenkins_Roberts" title="Joseph Jenkins Roberts">Joseph Jenkins Roberts</a>, Governor of <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1850 Armistead visited the United States where he met notable African Americans including escaped slave and abolitionist <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ringgold_Ward" title="Samuel Ringgold Ward">Samuel Ringgold Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(lawyer)" title="Robert Morris (lawyer)">Robert Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macon_Bolling_Allen" title="Macon Bolling Allen">Macon Allen</a>, both lawyers<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and prominent abolitionist <a href="/wiki/William_Lloyd_Garrison" title="William Lloyd Garrison">William Lloyd Garrison</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen and William Craft</a>, slaves from <a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a> who had escaped to the North in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-craft_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-craft-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the same trip, in July 1850, he also describes an encounter on a train with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Jones" title="Thomas H. Jones">Thomas H. Jones</a>, a self-emancipated fugitive slave from <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington</a>, North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon afterwards the Crafts were forced to escape to England after the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1850">Fugitive Slave Act</a> was passed in September 1850 and their former masters sent agents to Boston after them.<sup id="cite_ref-craft_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-craft-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in England the Crafts undertook a lecture tour and were accommodated by Wilson and Mary Armistead on 30 March 1851<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the census was taken. As head of the household, Wilson Armistead recorded his guests as “Fugitives from slavery in America, the land of their nativity”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was covered extensively in the press of the day as an unusual act of abolitionist activism.<sup id="cite_ref-bennett_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bennett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a strongly worded article on 12 April 1851, the Leeds Mercury reported on "a remarkable return in the census", and the 'disgrace' that "America's own born citizens are driven to seek refuge in a foreign clime from the man-stealer, and from the horrors of slavery."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armistead continued to correspond with Garrison, writing to him in 1853 and forwarding "loose tracts of the Leeds Antislavery series as a donation for the Boston Antislavery Bazaar, for sale or distribution".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later when Garrison visited Yorkshire in 1867, Armistead welcomed him to address the citizens of Leeds at the Town Hall, though the event was reportedly "numerically not well attended",<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by that time slavery had been abolished in the United States by the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> in December, 1865. </p><p>A second book, <i>God’s Image in Ebony</i>, was published in 1854 while he edited a collection of abolitionist writing, <i>500,000 Strokes For Freedom</i> in 1853. From 1855 to 1859 he promoted the publication of the Leeds Anti Slavery's own journal, <i>The Antislavery Pilot</i><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later, in 1867, published another book <i>Life of <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Benezet" title="Anthony Benezet">Anthony Benezet</a></i> as well as a pamphlet in 1865 advocating public libraries for <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a><sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>.</i> He also wrote widely on <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> and Quakerism<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as on subjects unrelated to slavery or to his religion such as <i>Tales and Legends of the English Lakes and Mountains</i> published in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total 46 titles were attributed to him with more than half addressing slavery and much of the remainder Quakerism.<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1857 the Leeds Anti Slavery Association was succeeded by the Leeds Young Men's Anti Slavery society<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which Armistead was president and librarian.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Armistead&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg/220px-Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg/330px-Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg/440px-Lyddon_Hall_University_of_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Lyddon Hall on the University of Leeds campus, part of which was previously "Virginia Cottage" where Wilson Armistead spent his final years</figcaption></figure> <p>Armistead lived mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Little_Woodhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Woodhouse">Little Woodhouse</a> area of Leeds before moving with his growing family to Beech Grove Terrace.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last years of his life, from 1865 until his death in 1868, were spent in the ironically named "Virginia Cottage" belonging to his father and named in 1828 by a previous owner, a Leeds <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> merchant who had made their living selling slave-produced tobacco from the state of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house is now part of Lyddon Hall on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, as treasurer of the Leeds Freedmen's Aid Association, he was occupied raising money to support the thousands of freed slaves "suddenly cast upon their own resources by the American war"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in February 1866 was able to send a remittance of £1,000 to the secretary of the Eastern Department of the American Freedmen's Aid Commission in New York,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a sum that "exceeded the expectation of the most sanguine".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blue plaque celebrating abolitionists in Leeds unveiled at a public lecture at the University of Leeds on 1st October 2024" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg/220px-Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg/330px-Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg/440px-Blue_plaque_celebrating_abolitionists_in_Leeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Blue plaque celebrating abolitionists in Leeds unveiled at a public lecture at the University of Leeds on 1st October 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>The final meeting Armistead is recorded as having attended was that for William Lloyd Garrison at <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Town_Hall" title="Leeds Town Hall">Leeds Town Hall</a> in October 1867<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where "he read a congratulatory address to Mr Garrison on the success of his labours."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his final acts before his death on 18 February 1868 was to send books to a <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a> mission in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armistead's health was poor for a number of years that has been attributed to his work load and late hours.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to his abolitionist work, he was head of a struggling family business that contributed to his stress<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his son later recalled that the business did not prosper until he and his brother took over its running.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cause of death recorded in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections-explore/Leeds%20General%20Cemetery%20Burial%20Registers%20Index">Leeds General Cemetery Registers</a> is <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while his obituary in the <i><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Times" title="Leeds Times">Leeds Times</a></i> attributes his death to "internal <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried on 22 February 1868 in <a href="/wiki/Woodhouse_Cemetery" title="Woodhouse Cemetery">Woodhouse Cemetery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now also within the University of Leeds campus. The Quaker magazine<i><a href="/wiki/The_Friend_(Quaker_magazine)" title="The Friend (Quaker magazine)">The Friend</a></i> records his death in its issue of 2 March 1868, as "At his residence, Virginia House, Leeds, aged 49".<sup id="cite_ref-allott_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial document presented to his widow Mary at a meeting of the Leeds Freedmen's Aid Association laments his loss as "the heart of the anti-slavery party in Leeds".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Armistead&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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href="#cite_ref-allott_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allott_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Mercury&rft.atitle=Local+News&rft.date=1851-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FBB3201527377%2FBNCN%3Fu%3Dleedsuni%26sid%3Dbookmark-BNCN%26xid%3D1488a3351%26it%3Dr%26sid%3Dbookmark-BNCN%26asid%3D1488a335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6h441k902">"Letter from Wilson Armistead, Leeds, [England], to William Lloyd Garrison, 11 mo[nth] 11 [day], [18]53"</a>. <i>www.digitalcommonwealth.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.digitalcommonwealth.org&rft.atitle=Letter+from+Wilson+Armistead%2C+Leeds%2C+%5BEngland%5D%2C+to+William+Lloyd+Garrison%2C+11+mo%5Bnth%5D+11+%5Bday%5D%2C+%5B18%5D53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalcommonwealth.org%2Fsearch%2Fcommonwealth%3A6h441k902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42359/42359-h/42359-h.htm">"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Tales and Legends of the English Lakes, by Wilson Armistead"</a>. <i>www.gutenberg.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gutenberg.org&rft.atitle=The+Project+Gutenberg+eBook+of+Tales+and+Legends+of+the+English+Lakes%2C+by+Wilson+Armistead.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F42359%2F42359-h%2F42359-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoresby.org.uk/content/people/armistead.php">"Wilson Armistead (1819 – 1868) - They Lived in Leeds - Thoresby Society"</a>. <i>www.thoresby.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thoresby.org.uk&rft.atitle=Wilson+Armistead+%281819+%E2%80%93+1868%29+-+They+Lived+in+Leeds+-+Thoresby+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoresby.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fpeople%2Farmistead.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeffreygreen.co.uk/150-wilson-armistead-of-leeds-1819-1868/">"150: Wilson Armistead of Leeds (1819-1868)"</a>. <i>Jeffrey Green. Historian</i>. 30 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jeffrey+Green.+Historian&rft.atitle=150%3A+Wilson+Armistead+of+Leeds+%281819-1868%29&rft.date=2015-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjeffreygreen.co.uk%2F150-wilson-armistead-of-leeds-1819-1868%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span> <i>"Based on an article written by Joe Williams"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoresby.org.uk/content/people/armistead.php">"Wilson Armistead (1819 – 1868) - They Lived in Leeds - Thoresby Society"</a>. <i>www.thoresby.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thoresby.org.uk&rft.atitle=Wilson+Armistead+%281819+%E2%80%93+1868%29+-+They+Lived+in+Leeds+-+Thoresby+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoresby.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fpeople%2Farmistead.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/BB3201611248/BNCN?u=leedsuni&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=28e97c06">"Advertisements & Notices"</a>. <i>Leeds Mercury</i>. 1 April 1865<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leeds+Mercury&rft.atitle=Local+and+General&rft.date=1868-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FBB3201633857%2FBNCN%3Fu%3Dleedsuni%26sid%3Dbookmark-BNCN%26xid%3Df68db96d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilson+Armistead" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Armistead&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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