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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Presidency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_in_Nagpur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_in_Nagpur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Career in Nagpur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_in_Nagpur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_and_other_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_and_other_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Teaching and other associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_and_other_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholar_and_linguist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholar_and_linguist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Scholar and linguist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholar_and_linguist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>State honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad Hidayatullah</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="محمد هداية الله – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد هداية الله" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="মহম্মদ হিদয়াতুল্লাহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহম্মদ হিদয়াতুল্লাহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="মুহাম্মদ হিদায়াতউল্লাহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মদ হিদায়াতউল্লাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="मोहम्मद हिदायतुल्ला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोहम्मद हिदायतुल्ला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hidayatullah" title="Muhammad Hidayatullah – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Muhammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hidayatullah" title="Muhammad Hidayatullah – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muhammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="محمد هدایت‌الله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد هدایت‌الله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" title="Mohammad Hidayatullah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%95%98%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C_%ED%9E%88%EB%8B%A4%EC%95%BC%ED%88%B4%EB%9D%BC" title="모하마드 히다야툴라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모하마드 히다야툴라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" title="Mohammad Hidayatullah – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mohammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" title="Mohammad Hidayatullah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mohammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hidayatullah" title="Muhammad Hidayatullah – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muhammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94" title="מוחמד הידאיטוללה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד הידאיטוללה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಹಿದಾಯತುಲ್ಲಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಹಿದಾಯತುಲ್ಲಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98" title="მოჰამად ჰიდაიატულაჰი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოჰამად ჰიდაიატულაჰი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3" title="മുഹമ്മദ് ഹിദായത്തുള്ള – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ് ഹിദായത്തുള്ള" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मोहम्मद हिदायत उल्लाह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहम्मद हिदायत उल्लाह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87" title="محمد هدايه الله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد هدايه الله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ムハンマド・ヒダーヤトゥッラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムハンマド・ヒダーヤトゥッラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hidayatullah" 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data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6" title="ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱦᱤᱫᱟᱭᱟᱛᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱦᱤᱫᱟᱭᱟᱛᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" title="Mohammad Hidayatullah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mohammad Hidayatullah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hitdayatullah" title="Muhammad Hitdayatullah – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muhammad Hitdayatullah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="முகம்மது இதயத்துல்லா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முகம்மது இதயத்துல்லா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE" title="మహమ్మద్ హిదయతుల్లా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మహమ్మద్ హిదయతుల్లా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Vice President of India from 1979 to 1984</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Mohammad Hidayatullah</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hidayatullah,_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg/220px-Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg/330px-Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg/440px-Mohammad_Hidayatullah%2C_6th_Vice_President_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1245" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1980</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 August 1979 – 30 August 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">Ramaswamy Venkataraman</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />25 July 1984 – 25 July 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />25 July 1983 – 25 July 1983</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Indira Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />6 October 1982 – 31 October 1982</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Indira Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Zail Singh</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Acting</b></span><br />20 July 1969 – 24 August 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Indira Gandhi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">V. V. Giri</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">11th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 February 1968 – 16 December 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kailas_Nath_Wanchoo" title="Kailas Nath Wanchoo">Kailas Nath Wanchoo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jayantilal_Chhotalal_Shah" title="Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah">Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1905-12-17</span>)</span>17 December 1905<br /><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces of Agra and Oudh</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1992<span style="display:none">(1992-09-18)</span> (aged 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(present-day <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Pushpa Shah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vasantrao_Naik_Government_Institute_of_Arts_and_Social_Sciences" title="Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences">Nagpur University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Lawyer</li> <li>politician</li> <li>academician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mohammad Hidayatullah</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/Mhmht.ogg\/Mhmht.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mhmht.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Mhmht.ogg/Mhmht.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mhmht.ogg" title="File:Mhmht.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 17 December 1905 – 18 September 1992) was the 11th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> serving from 25 February 1968 to 16 December 1970, and the sixth <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of India">vice president of India</a>, serving from 31 August 1979 to 30 August 1984. He had also served as the acting <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> from 20 July 1969 to 24 August 1969 and from 6 October 1982 to 31 October 1982 and from 25 July 1983 to 25 July 1983 and from 25 July 1984 to 25 July 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-VP-list_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is regarded as an eminent jurist, scholar, educationist, author and linguist.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chagla_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chagla-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidayatullah was born in 1905 in the well-known family of <a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a> Hafiz Mohammed Wilayatullah. His grand father Munshi Kudartullah was advocate in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a poet of all-India repute who wrote poems in Urdu and probably it must have been from him that Justice Hidayatullah got his love for language and literature. Wilayatullah was Gold medallist of <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a> in 1897 - besting famous mathematician Sir <a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Ahmad" title="Ziauddin Ahmad">Ziauddin Ahmad</a>, a favourite of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Syed_Ahmed_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Syed Ahmed Khan">Sir Syed Ahmed Khan</a>. Wilayatullah served in ICS until 1928 and as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assembly" title="Central Legislative Assembly">Central Legislative Assembly</a> from 1929 to 1933. Hidaytullah's elder brothers <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ikramullah" title="Mohammed Ikramullah">Mohammed Ikramullah</a> (ICS, later <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Foreign Secretary (Pakistan)">Foreign Secretary, Pakistan</a>) and Ahmedullah (ICS, retired as Chairman, Tariff Board) were scholars as well as sportsmen. He on the other hand excelled in Urdu poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VP-profile_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP-profile-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After completing primary education at the Government High School of <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> in 1922, Hidayatullah attended <a href="/wiki/Morris_College,_Nagpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris College, Nagpur">Morris College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, where he was nominated as the <i>Phillip's Scholar</i> in 1926. When he graduated in 1926, he was awarded the Malak Gold Medal. Following the trend of Indians studying British law abroad, Hidayatullah attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> from 1927 to 1930 and obtained B.A. and M.A. Degrees from there. Here he secured the 2nd order of merit and was awarded a gold medal for his performance in 1930. He was called to the Bar from <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a> when he was just 25 years old. He was awarded LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a> and D. Litt. (Honoris Causa) from <a href="/wiki/Barkatullah_University" title="Barkatullah University">University of Bhopal</a> (now Barkatullah University) and <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_University" title="Kakatiya University">University of Kakatiya</a>. While at Cambridge, Hidayatullah was elected and served as the President of the Indian Majlis in 1929. Also while here, he pursued English and Law Tripos from the renowned <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a>. In addition he secured a place of Barrister-at-Law in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SC-profile_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SC-profile-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah,_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg/220px-President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg/330px-President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg/440px-President_Dr._Zakir_Husain_at_the_swearing_in_ceremony_of_Justice_M._Hidayatullah%2C_at_Rashtrapati_Bhavan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1834" /></a><figcaption>President Dr. Zakir Husain at the swearing in ceremony of Justice M. Hidayatullah, at Rashtrapati Bhavan</figcaption></figure> <p>After graduation, Hidayatullah returned to India and enrolled as an advocate of the High Court of Central Provinces and Berar at <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> on 19 July 1930. He also taught Jurisprudence and Mahomedan Law in the University College of Law at Nagpur and was also the Extension Lecturer in English literature. On 12 December 1942, he was appointed Government Pleader in the High Court at Nagpur. On 2 August 1943, he became the Advocate General of Central Provinces and Berar (now <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>) and continued to hold the said post till he was appointed as an Additional Judge of that High Court in 1946. He had the distinction of being the youngest <a href="/wiki/Advocate_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Advocate General">Advocate General</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hnlu.ac.in_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnlu.ac.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 June 1946, Hidayatullah was appointed as Additional Judge of that High Court of Central Provinces and Berar and on 13 September 1946 he was appointed as permanent judge of said High Court where he served until being elevated to Chief Justice of the Nagpur High Court in 1954 on 3 December 1954, being the youngest <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> of a High Court. In November 1956, he was then appointed as the Chief Justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court.<sup id="cite_ref-hnlu.ac.in_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnlu.ac.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 December 1958, he was elevated as a justice to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>. In his time he was the youngest judge of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>. After serving as a judge for nearly 10 years, he was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> on 28 February 1968 – becoming the first Muslim Chief Justice of India. </p><p>He retired from this position on 16 December 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-official_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hnlu.ac.in_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnlu.ac.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of his career on the Supreme Court, Hidayatullah authored 461 judgments and sat on 1,220 benches.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidency">Presidency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his term as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a>, the then-President of India, <a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a> died suddenly, in harness, on 3 May 1969. Then <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a> Mr. <a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a> became the acting <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a>. Later, Giri resigned from both offices as acting president and Vice-President to become a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Indian_presidential_election" title="1969 Indian presidential election">1969 Presidential Election</a>. Hidayatullah then served as the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> for a short period from 20 July to 24 August. The visit of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to India made his presidential term historic. </p><p>After his retirement, Hidayatullah was elected as the Vice-President of India by a consensus among different parties and occupied that high office with distinction from 1979 to August 1984. During his tenure as the Vice-President, he won the respect of all concerned for his impartiality and independence. </p><p>In 1982, when the then President Zail Singh went to the U.S. for medical treatment, Vice-President Hidayatullah officiated as president from 6 October 1982 to 31 October 1982. Thus, he officiated as acting president twice. </p><p>Having served at all of these positions made Hidayatullah unique among other members of Indian history. He became the only person to have served in all three offices of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EBC_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his long tenure in the Supreme Court he was a party to a number of landmark judgments including the judgment in <i><a href="/wiki/Golaknath_v._State_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Golaknath v. State of Punjab">Golaknath v. State of Punjab</a></i> which took the view that the Parliament had no power to cut down the Fundamental Rights by constitutional amendment. His judgment in the case of <i>Ranjit D. Udeshi</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dealing with the law of obscenity, displayed a flair for literature and is particularly of note. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_Nagpur">Career in Nagpur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career in Nagpur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before being elevated as a judge to High Court, Hidayatullah was involved in local and state affairs. The following are some of the committee positions he held: </p> <ul><li>Member of the Nagpur Municipal Committee (1931–1933)</li> <li>Member of the Nagpur University's Executive and Academic Councils (1934–1953)</li> <li>Member of the Nagpur Improvement Trust (1943–1945)</li> <li>Member of the Nagpur Bar Council (1943–1946)</li> <li>Chief Commissioner of the Madhya Pradesh <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Scouts_and_Guides" title="Bharat Scouts and Guides">Bharat Scouts and Guides</a> (1950–1953)</li></ul> <p>Many of these positions, as well as those of High Court Justice were held prior to Indian Independence, they were all considered service to Great Britain, thus Hidayatullah was conferred the honour as an <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer of the Order of the British Empire">Officer of the Order of the British Empire</a> by <a href="/wiki/King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King George VI">King George VI</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1946_Birthday_Honours" title="1946 Birthday Honours">1946 King's Birthday Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VP-profile_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VP-profile-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_and_other_associations">Teaching and other associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Teaching and other associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall,_National_Law_School_of_India_University,_Bangalore,_India_-_20130523.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG/220px-Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG/330px-Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG/440px-Justice_Hidayatullah_Moot_Court_Hall%2C_National_Law_School_of_India_University%2C_Bangalore%2C_India_-_20130523.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the Justice Hidayatullah Moot Court Hall, named after Mohammad Hidayatullah, in the <a href="/wiki/National_Law_School_of_India_University" title="National Law School of India University">National Law School of India University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Having received an education at one of the premier legal institutions of the time, Hidayatullah was able to segue into an academic career not long after returning to India. In 1935, he took a teaching post at University College of Law, where he taught until 1943. Later he served as Dean of the Faculty of Law at <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpur University">Nagpur University</a> from 1949 to 1953. In addition, he served as Faculty of Law at various other institutions throughout the 1950s: <a href="/wiki/Sagar_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagar University">Sagar University</a>, Court <a href="/wiki/Vikram_University" title="Vikram University">Vikram University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a>. He was Pro-Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a> from 1968 to 1970, Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a> from 1969 to 1985, Chancellor of the Delhi and <a href="/wiki/Punjab_University_(Chandigarh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab University (Chandigarh)">Punjab</a> Universities between 1979 and 1984 and Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hyderabad" title="University of Hyderabad">Hyderabad University</a> from 1986 to 1990. He was the President of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Law_Institute" title="Indian Law Institute">Indian Law Institute</a> from 1963 to 1970, President of the <a href="/wiki/International_Law_Association" title="International Law Association">International Law Association</a> (Indian Branch) from 1968 to 1970 and of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Society_of_International_Law" title="Indian Society of International Law">Indian Society of International Law</a> in 1969–70.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was, at one time, a Member of the Executive Council of the World Assembly of Judges and of the Managing Committee of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law. He was a Member of the International Council of Former Scouts and Guides, Brussels, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bharat_Scouts_and_Guides" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bharat Scouts and Guides">Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts Association of India</a>. Post-retirement, Hidayatullah renewed his interest in Boy Scouts and served as Chief Scout of the All India Boy Scouts Association from 1982 to 1992. He held the posts of the President of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Natural_History_Society" title="Bombay Natural History Society">Bombay Natural History Society</a> and of the Patron of Schizophrenic Research Foundation of India and Commonwealth Society of India. He was also a Member of the World Association for Orphans and Abandoned Children and a Settlor of the Jawaharlal Nehru-Cambridge University Trust. He also represented India in International Conferences held in different countries and cities, such as, Washington, London, Geneva, Sydney, the Hague, Tokyo, Stockholm, Belgrade, Cairo and Bangkok.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholar_and_linguist">Scholar and linguist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scholar and linguist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidayatullah was a scholar in Hindi, English, Urdu, Persian and French. He had working knowledge of some other Indian languages including Sanskrit and Bengali.<sup id="cite_ref-bom-govt_plea_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bom-govt_plea-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutions">Institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidayatullah was the president of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Law_Institute" title="Indian Law Institute">Indian Law Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Law_Association" title="International Law Association">International Law Association</a> (Indian Branch), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Society_of_International_Law" title="Indian Society of International Law">Indian Society of International Law</a> from 1968 to 1970. He also presided the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Red_Cross_Society" title="Indian Red Cross Society">Indian Red Cross Society</a> in 1982. He was closely associated with Hunger Project of USA, World Association of Orphans and Abandoned Children (Geneva), and Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1982–84). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_National_Law_University" title="Hidayatullah National Law University">Hidayatullah National Law University</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naya_Raipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naya Raipur">Naya Raipur</a> is named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Democracy in India and the Judicial Process</i>, 1966 by Asia Publishing House (1967).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The South-West Africa Case</i>, Published 1967 by Asia Publishing House (1966).</li> <li><i>Judicial Methods</i> Published for the Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies by National Publishing House (1970).</li> <li><i>A Judge's Miscellany</i>, N. M. Tripathi (1972).</li> <li><i>USA and India</i>: All India Reporter (1977).</li> <li><i>A Judge's Miscellany (Second Series)</i> N. M. Tripathi(1972).</li> <li><i>The Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></i>, Ashok Pub. House</li> <li><i>My own Boswell</i> (Autobiography) Arnold-Heinemann (1980).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Editor">Editor</a>, Mulla's <a href="/wiki/Law_of_India#Muslim_law" title="Law of India">Mohammedan Law</a></i></li> <li><i>Constitutional law of India</i>: <a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council of India Trust</a> (1984).</li> <li><i>Right to property and the Indian Constitution</i>: <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta University">Calcutta University</a> (1984).</li> <li><i>Justice Hidayatullah on commercial laws</i>: Deep & Deep (1982).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Medallion and Plaque of Merit Philconsa, Manila, 1970 and</li> <li>Knight of Mark Twain, 1971;</li> <li>Honoured with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007-2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1968;* President of Honour, Inns of Courts Society, India.</li> <li>War Service Badge, 1948;</li> <li>Key of the City of Manila, 1971;</li> <li>Shiromani Award, 1986;</li> <li>Architects of India Award, 1987;</li> <li>Dashrathmal Singhvi Memorial Award of the Banaras HinduUniversity.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Between 1970 and 1987, as many as 12 Indian Universities and the University of Philippines conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctorate of Law or Literature.<sup id="cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_honours">State honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: State honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ribbon </th> <th>Decoration </th> <th width="100px">Country </th> <th width="100px">Date </th> <th width="300px">Note </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/100px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/150px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/200px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> </td> <td>1946 </td> <td><i>Officer</i> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orden_jugoslovenske_zastave1(traka).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Orden_jugoslovenske_zastave1%28traka%29.png/100px-Orden_jugoslovenske_zastave1%28traka%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Orden_jugoslovenske_zastave1%28traka%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Order of Yugoslav Flag with Sash</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td> <td>1970 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Academic_block,_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="HNLU BUILDING" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg/220px-Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg/330px-Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg/440px-Academic_block%2C_Hidayatullah_National_Law_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_National_Law_University" title="Hidayatullah National Law University">Hidayatullah National Law University</a></figcaption></figure><p> In his honour, the <a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_National_Law_University" title="Hidayatullah National Law University">Hidayatullah National Law University</a> was established in 2003, in his home town of <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a>, in the state of <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hnlu.ac.in_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnlu.ac.in-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University also organises Justice Hidayatullah Memorial National Moot Court Competition (HNMCC) in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, Hidayatullah married <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushpa Shah">Pushpa Shah</a>, who was from a Jain family.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father's name was A. N. Shah who was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_Appellate_Tribunal" title="Income Tax Appellate Tribunal">Income Tax Appellate Tribunal</a>. She was the eldest daughter in her family. She married Hidayatullah on 5 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their son, Arshad Hidayatullah, is a <a href="/wiki/Senior_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Counsel">Senior Counsel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chagla_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chagla-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_National_Law_University" title="Hidayatullah National Law University">Hidayatullah National Law University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VP-list-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VP-list_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Secretariat of Vice President of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/former.asp">the original</a> on 17 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Vice+Presidents+of+India&rft.pub=Secretariat+of+Vice+President+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvicepresidentofindia.nic.in%2Fformer.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-full_court-desai-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-full_court-desai_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesai" class="citation journal cs1">Desai, P. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%281992%29+4+SCC+%28Jour%29+10&rft.atitle=Full+Court+Reference+in+Memory+of+The+Late+Justice+Mohammad+Hidayatullah&rft.aulast=Desai&rft.aufirst=P.+D.%2C+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourtcases.com%2Findex2.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26itemid%3D99999999%26do_pdf%3D1%26id%3D543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chagla-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chagla_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chagla_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19920928010101/http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/references/pdf/Justice%20Hidayatullah.pdf">"Speech by Shri I. M. Chagla"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bombay High Court. p. 7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/references/pdf/Justice%20Hidayatullah.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hidayatullah"</a>. www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/mhidayatullah.htm">the original</a> on 6 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M.+Hidayatullah&rft.pub=www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourtofindia.nic.in%2Fjudges%2Fbio%2Fmhidayatullah.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EBC_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBC_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBC_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/92v4a2.htm">"EBC article on J. Hidayatullah"</a>. www.ebc-india.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hidayatullah%2C+Shri+M.&rft.pub=Secretariat+of+Vice+President+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvicepresidentofindia.nic.in%2Fhiday.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SC-profile-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SC-profile_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106034450/http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/mhidayatullah.htm">"Mohammad Hidayatullah"</a>. Supreme Court of India. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Supreme+Court+Observer&rft.atitle=M.+Hidayatullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scobserver.in%2Fjudges%2Fmohammad-hidayatullah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1623275/">"Ranjit D. Udeshi vs State Of Maharashtra on 19 August, 1964 Equivalent 1965 AIR 881, 1965 SCR (1) 65"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Allahabad university Alumni Association web page say</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080115090226/http://www.auaa.in/proudpast.html">"Best Reviews and Top Ten Products to Buy in 2019"</a>. <i>Review Best</i>. 10 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reviewbest.in/">the original</a> on 15 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+London+Gazette%2C+13+June+1946&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london-gazette.co.uk%2Fissues%2F37598%2Fsupplements%2F2790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903190810/http://www.lexcetera.com/HNMCC%20Brochure.pdf">"Justice Hidayatullah Memorial National Moot Court Competition (HNMCC)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lexcetera. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexcetera.com/HNMCC_Brochure.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justice+Hidayatullah+Memorial+National+Moot+Court+Competition+%28HNMCC%29&rft.pub=Lexcetera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexcetera.com%2FHNMCC_Brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-liberty-to-love-kerala-hadiya-love-jihad-4914406/">"The Liberty To Love"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 31 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=The+Liberty+To+Love&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fthe-liberty-to-love-kerala-hadiya-love-jihad-4914406%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJai2003" class="citation book cs1">Jai, Janak Raj (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r2C2InxI0xAC&dq=pushpa+shah+Mohammad+Hidayatullah&pg=PA90"><i>Presidents of India, 1950-2003</i></a>. Regency Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87498-65-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87498-65-0"><bdi>978-81-87498-65-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidents+of+India%2C+1950-2003&rft.pub=Regency+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-87498-65-0&rft.aulast=Jai&rft.aufirst=Janak+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr2C2InxI0xAC%26dq%3Dpushpa%2Bshah%2BMohammad%2BHidayatullah%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hidayatullah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hidayatullah&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mohammad_Hidayatullah" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Mohammad Hidayatullah">Mohammad Hidayatullah</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/government-politics/muhammad-hidayatullah.html">J. Hidayatullah's </a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kailas_Nath_Wanchoo" title="Kailas Nath Wanchoo">Kailas Nath Wanchoo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> </b><br />1968–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jayantilal_Chhotalal_Shah" title="Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah">Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">Varahagiri Venkata Giri</a><br /><small>Acting</small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a><br /><small>Acting</small> </b><br />1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">Varahagiri Venkata Giri</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">Basappa Danappa Jatti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a> </b><br />1979–1984 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. 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class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhruddin_Ali_Ahmed" title="Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed">Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Sanjiva_Reddy" title="Neelam Sanjiva Reddy">Neelam Sanjiva Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">Ramaswamy Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Narayanan" title="K. R. Narayanan">K. R. Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="Presidency of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Patil" title="Pratibha Patil">Pratibha Patil</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Pratibha_Patil" title="Presidency of Pratibha Patil">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Presidency of Pranab Mukherjee">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Ram Nath Kovind">Ram Nath Kovind</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ram_Nath_Kovind" title="Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Droupadi_Murmu" title="Presidency of Droupadi Murmu">Presidency</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/60px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/90px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/120px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_presidents_of_India" title="List of things named after presidents of India">Things named after presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastrapati_Bhavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastrapati Bhavan">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_India" title="First ladies and gentlemen of India">Spouse</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_India" title="Category:Presidents of India">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Vice_presidents_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vice_presidents_of_India" title="Template:Vice presidents of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vice_presidents_of_India" title="Template talk:Vice presidents of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_presidents_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice presidents of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Vice_presidents_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vice_presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice presidents of India">Vice presidents of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Swarup_Pathak" title="Gopal Swarup Pathak">Gopal Swarup Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Jatti" title="B. D. Jatti">B. D. Jatti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">Ramaswamy Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Dayal_Sharma" title="Shankar Dayal Sharma">Shankar Dayal Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Narayanan" title="K. R. Narayanan">K. R. Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Kant" title="Krishan Kant">Krishan Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/31px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/63px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Enclave" title="Vice President's Enclave">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_ladies_of_India" title="Second ladies of India">Spouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_justices_of_India_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chief_Justices_of_India" title="Template:Chief Justices of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chief_Justices_of_India" title="Template talk:Chief Justices of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chief_Justices_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chief Justices of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chief_justices_of_India_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief justices of India</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_justices_of_India" title="List of chief justices of India">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Kania" title="H. J. Kania">H. J. Kania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Patanjali_Sastri" title="M. Patanjali Sastri">M. Patanjali Sastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehr_Chand_Mahajan" title="Mehr Chand Mahajan">Mehr Chand Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_Kumar_Mukherjea" title="Bijan Kumar Mukherjea">Bijan Kumar Mukherjea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhi_Ranjan_Das" title="Sudhi Ranjan Das">Sudhi Ranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuvaneshwar_Prasad_Sinha" title="Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha">Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._B._Gajendragadkar" title="P. B. Gajendragadkar">P. B. Gajendragadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Kumar_Sarkar" title="Amal Kumar Sarkar">Amal Kumar Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koka_Subba_Rao" title="Koka Subba Rao">Koka Subba Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailas_Nath_Wanchoo" title="Kailas Nath Wanchoo">Kailas Nath Wanchoo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayantilal_Chhotalal_Shah" title="Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah">Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarv_Mittra_Sikri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarv Mittra Sikri">Sarv Mittra Sikri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._N._Ray" title="A. N. Ray">A. N. Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Hameedullah_Beg" title="Mirza Hameedullah Beg">Mirza Hameedullah Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._V._Chandrachud" title="Y. V. Chandrachud">Y. V. Chandrachud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Bhagwati" title="P. N. Bhagwati">P. N. Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunandan_Swarup_Pathak" title="Raghunandan Swarup Pathak">Raghunandan Swarup Pathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._S._Venkataramiah" class="mw-redirect" title="E. S. Venkataramiah">E. S. Venkataramiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabyasachi_Mukharji" title="Sabyasachi Mukharji">Sabyasachi Mukharji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranganath_Misra" title="Ranganath Misra">Ranganath Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Narain_Singh" title="Kamal Narain Singh">Kamal Narain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhukar_Hiralal_Kania" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhukar Hiralal Kania">Madhukar Hiralal Kania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Mohan_Sharma" title="Lalit Mohan Sharma">Lalit Mohan Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Venkatachaliah" title="M. N. Venkatachaliah">M. N. Venkatachaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Mushabber_Ahmadi" title="Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi">Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Verma" title="J. S. Verma">J. S. Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Punchhi" title="Madan Mohan Punchhi">Madan Mohan Punchhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adarsh_Sein_Anand" title="Adarsh Sein Anand">Adarsh Sein Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Piroj_Bharucha" title="Sam Piroj Bharucha">Sam Piroj Bharucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupinder_Nath_Kirpal" title="Bhupinder Nath Kirpal">Bhupinder Nath Kirpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ballav_Pattanaik" title="Gopal Ballav Pattanaik">Gopal Ballav Pattanaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Khare" title="V. N. Khare">V. N. Khare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Rajendra_Babu" title="S. Rajendra Babu">S. Rajendra Babu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Chandra_Lahoti" title="Ramesh Chandra Lahoti">Ramesh Chandra Lahoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogesh_Kumar_Sabharwal" title="Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal">Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Balakrishnan" title="K. G. Balakrishnan">K. G. Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._H._Kapadia" title="S. H. Kapadia">S. H. Kapadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamas_Kabir" title="Altamas Kabir">Altamas Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Sathasivam" title="P. Sathasivam">P. Sathasivam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Mal_Lodha" title="Rajendra Mal Lodha">Rajendra Mal Lodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Dattu" title="H. L. Dattu">H. L. Dattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Thakur" title="T. S. Thakur">T. S. Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Singh_Khehar" title="Jagdish Singh Khehar">Jagdish Singh Khehar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipak_Misra" title="Dipak Misra">Dipak Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjan_Gogoi" title="Ranjan Gogoi">Ranjan Gogoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Bobde" title="Sharad Bobde">Sharad Bobde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._V._Ramana" title="N. V. Ramana">N. V. Ramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Umesh_Lalit" title="Uday Umesh Lalit">Uday Umesh Lalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhananjaya_Y._Chandrachud" title="Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud">Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiv_Khanna" title="Sanjiv Khanna">Sanjiv Khanna</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">incumbent</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557749#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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