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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_and_British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_and_British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Portuguese and British rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_and_British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Independent India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Air pollution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Income_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Income inequality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Civic administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 National politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Railway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.3 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Sea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Utility services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_and_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Ethnic groups and religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_and_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Food </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mumbai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 191 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" > 191 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%99%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%AD" title="ሙምባይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሙምባይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مومباي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مومباي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մումպայ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մումպայ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="মুম্বাই – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মুম্বাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumb%C3%A1i" title="Mumbái – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mumbái" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="মুম্বই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুম্বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुंबई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मुंबई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%BA" title="འབོམ་སྦེ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབོམ་སྦེ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Bombay" title="Dakbayan sa Bombay – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Bombay" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaj" title="Bombaj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bombaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="مومباي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مومباي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%84%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9" title="މުންބާއީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މުންބާއީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Μουμπάι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουμπάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мумбаи ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мумбаи ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajo" title="Mumbajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mumbajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%B2%B7" title="孟買 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="孟買" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%88" title="મુંબઈ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મુંબઈ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaim" title="Bombaim – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Bombaim" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AD%84%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4" title="뭄바이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뭄바이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Մումբայ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մումբայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="পুল্লাপ মুম্বাই – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পুল্লাপ মুম্বাই" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99" title="מומבאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מומבאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pombe" title="Pombe – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pombe" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮುಂಬಯಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುಂಬಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მუმბაი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მუმბაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumba%C3%AE" title="Mumbaî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mumbaî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaja" title="Mumbaja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mumbaja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajus" title="Mumbajus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mumbajus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mymbais" title="mymbais – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mymbais" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мумбај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мумбај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88" title="മുംബൈ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുംബൈ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुंबई – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुंबई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="მუმბაი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მუმბაი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%89" title="مومباى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مومباى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="بمبئی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بمبئی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F" title="ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မွမ်ဘိုင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွမ်ဘိုင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubai" title="Mubai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Mubai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="ग्रेटर मुम्बई – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ग्रेटर मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4" title="ムンバイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムンバイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bombai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87" title="ମୁମ୍ବାଇ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମୁମ୍ବାଇ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%88" title="ਮੁੰਬਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁੰਬਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="ممبای – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ممبای" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaim" title="Bombaim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bombaim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbayi" title="Mumbayi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mumbayi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%96" title="Мумбаі – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мумбаі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Мумбаи – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мумбаи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%88" title="मुम्बई – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मुम्बई" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="මුම්බායි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුම්බායි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ممبئي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ممبئي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombaj" title="Bombaj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bombaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%AFmbaj" title="Bůmbaj – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bůmbaj" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="مومبای – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مومبای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мумбај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мумбај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaj" title="Mumbaj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mumbaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88" title="மும்பை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மும்பை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbay" title="Mumbay – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mumbay" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88" title="ముంబై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముంబై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A" title="มุมไบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุมไบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мумбай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мумбай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="ممبئی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ممبئی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Bombay" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E4%B9%B0" title="孟买 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="孟买" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99" title="מומביי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מומביי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E8%B2%B7" title="孟買 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孟買" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbajos" title="Mumbajos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mumbajos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E4%B9%B0" title="孟买 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟买" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mumbai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumb%C9%99j" title="Mumbəj – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Mumbəj" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1156#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bombay_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bombay (disambiguation)">Bombay (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mumbai (disambiguation)">Mumbai (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Megacity in Maharashtra, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Mumbai</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="mr">Muṁbaī (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>)</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Bombay</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg/76px-The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg/114px-The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg/152px-The_World_Towers_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="650" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/World_One" title="World One">The World Towers</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div style=";height:98px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg/105px-Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg/158px-Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg/210px-Marine_Drive_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1340" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/139px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/209px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/278px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3989" data-file-height="2719" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel" title="Taj Mahal Palace Hotel">Taj Mahal Palace Hotel</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus,_esterno_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg/145px-Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg/218px-Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg/290px-Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus%2C_esterno_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3032" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:129px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-Bandra_Worli_Sea-Link_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1345" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Mumbai.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Mumbai"><img alt="Coat of arms of Mumbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Emblem_of_Mumbai.png/100px-Emblem_of_Mumbai.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Emblem_of_Mumbai.png/150px-Emblem_of_Mumbai.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Emblem_of_Mumbai.png/200px-Emblem_of_Mumbai.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Mumbai">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Dreams_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="City of Dreams (disambiguation)">City of Dreams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay" title="Seven Islands of Bombay">City of Seven Islands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maximum_City" title="Maximum City">Maximum City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The Big <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_City_That_Never_Sleeps_(nickname)" title="The City That Never Sleeps (nickname)">The City That Never Sleeps</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="10" data-lat="19.075833333333" data-lon="72.8775" data-overlays="["_2d5923559307d168ce295eac32f9a95b31268e9f"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/19.075833333333/72.8775/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,19.075833333333,72.8775,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai&revid=1275794081&groups=_2d5923559307d168ce295eac32f9a95b31268e9f" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,19.075833333333,72.8775,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai&revid=1275794081&groups=_2d5923559307d168ce295eac32f9a95b31268e9f 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Mumbai outline map</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 370px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="370" data-height="300" data-zoom="6" data-lat="18.92" data-lon="76.68" data-overlays="["_94363be48dab4a84f38d8ad514e309c340ac4525"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/18.92/76.68/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,18.92,76.68,370x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai&revid=1275794081&groups=_94363be48dab4a84f38d8ad514e309c340ac4525" width="370" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,18.92,76.68,370x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Mumbai&revid=1275794081&groups=_94363be48dab4a84f38d8ad514e309c340ac4525 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Mumbai in Maharashtra map</div><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg/300px-Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg/450px-Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg/600px-Mumbai_area_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1823" /></a> Mumbai area map</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mumbai&params=19_04_34_N_72_52_39_E_type:city(12,500,000)_region:IN-MH">19°04′34″N 72°52′39″E / 19.07611°N 72.87750°E / 19.07611; 72.87750</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/23px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/35px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg/46px-Seal_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Maharashtra">Division</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City</a> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Suburban District">Mumbai Suburban</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1507<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbadevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbadevi">Mumbadevi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Mumbai">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vacant<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Administrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bhushan_Gagrani" title="Bhushan Gagrani">Bhushan Gagrani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Administrative Services">IAS</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">603.4 km2 (233.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-projectsecoa1-9">[9]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,328 km2 (1,681.5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 m (46 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,442,373</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most populous cities in India">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">21,000/km2 (53,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-extended_UA_2011-11">[11]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,414,288 20,748,395 (Extended UA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mumbaikar, Bombayite, Mumbaiite<a href="#cite_note-MumbaiitesinMH-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$400 billion<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>7.2 trillion (US$91.6 billion)<a href="#cite_note-MumbaiEco-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$277 billion<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PINs</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">400 001 to 400 107</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">+91-22</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>MH-01 Mumbai(S/C)</li> <li>MH-02 Mumbai(W)</li> <li>MH-03 Mumbai(E)</li> <li>MH-47 Borivali<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.841<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> – very high</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transit_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Transit system">Transit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid Transit">Rapid Transit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Mumbai Monorail</a> <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a><a href="#cite_note-NCLMreport-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCGMhistmilestone-19">[19]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.mcgm.gov.in">portal.mcgm.gov.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Victorian_and_Art_Deco_Ensemble_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai">The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">i, ii, iii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1987, 2004, 2018 (11th, 28th 42nd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">sessions</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/244">[1]</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1480">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Asia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Asia">Southern Asia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/mʊmˈbaɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">muum-BY</a>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Muṁbaī, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Marathi: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">[ˈmumbəi]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/Mumbai_Pronunciation.ogg\/Mumbai_Pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mumbai Pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Mumbai_Pronunciation.ogg/Mumbai_Pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Mumbai Pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a>), also known as Bombay (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bɒmˈbeɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">bom-BAY</a>; its official name until 1995), is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of the Indian <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Mumbai is the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial capital</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">most populous city proper</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> with an estimated population of 12.5 million (1.25 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-20">[20]</a> Mumbai is the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">sixth-most populous metropolitan area in the world</a> with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore).<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Mumbai lies on the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> coast on the west coast of India and has a deep <a href="/wiki/Natural_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural harbour">natural harbour</a>. In 2008, Mumbai was named an <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Alpha" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">alpha</a> <a href="/wiki/World_city" class="mw-redirect" title="World city">world city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lboro2008-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Mumbai has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">highest number of billionaires</a> out of any city in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[a]</a> The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-james_customs-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-munshi-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-rnmehta-28">[27]</a> For centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_islands_of_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven islands of Bombay">seven islands of Bombay</a> were under the control of successive <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai_under_indigenous_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mumbai under indigenous empires">indigenous rulers</a> before being <a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">ceded</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Empire in the East">Portuguese Empire</a>, and subsequently to the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> in 1661, through the <a href="/wiki/Dowry_of_Catherine_Braganza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowry of Catherine Braganza">dowry of Catherine Braganza</a> when she was married off to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Beginning in 1782, Mumbai was reshaped by the <a href="/wiki/Hornby_Vellard" title="Hornby Vellard">Hornby Vellard</a> project,<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi_2001_28-30">[29]</a> which undertook <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation</a> of the area between the seven islands from the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fp-onceuponatime-31">[30]</a> Along with the construction of major <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">roads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">railways</a>, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Mumbai into a major seaport on the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>. Mumbai in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>. In 1960, following the <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Movement">Samyukta Maharashtra Movement</a>, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Mumbai as the capital.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Mumbai is the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial</a>, commercial,<a href="#cite_note-millionaireRoleModel-33">[32]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">entertainment capital</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. Mumbai is often compared to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MumbaiNYCTwins-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-MumbaiNewYorkOfIndia-35">[34]</a> and the city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a>, situated on <a href="/wiki/Dalal_Street" title="Dalal Street">Dalal Street</a>. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> generating 6.16% of India's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-37">[36]</a> and accounting for 25% of the nation's industrial output, 70% of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">maritime</a> trade in India (<a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharamtar" title="Dharamtar">Dharamtar Port</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">JNPT</a>),<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> and 70% of capital transactions to <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">India's economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NMIAtender-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_companies_headquartered_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian companies headquartered in Mumbai">headquarters</a> of numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian companies">Indian companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a>. The city is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes and the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a> film industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>: मुंबई) originated from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron Hindu goddess (<a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kula Devata</a>) <a href="/wiki/Mumbadevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbadevi">Mumbadevi</a> of the native <a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a> community<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a>—and from ā'ī, meaning "mother" in the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a>, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-james_customs-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> According to certain accounts, the Koli community, which hails from <a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Gujarat" title="Central Gujarat">Central Gujarat</a>, is believed to have introduced their deity Mumba from Kathiawar (<a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>), where her worship continues to this day.<a href="#cite_note-munshi-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-rnmehta-28">[27]</a> However, other sources disagree that Mumbai's name was derived from the goddess Mumba.<a href="#cite_note-rnmehta-28">[27]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbadevi_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/170px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/255px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mumbadevi_temple.jpg/340px-Mumbadevi_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mumba_Devi_Temple" title="Mumba Devi Temple">Mumba Devi Temple</a>, from whom the city of Mumbai may derive its name.</figcaption></figure> The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Portuguese writer <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Correia" title="Gaspar Correia">Gaspar Correia</a> recorded the name "Bombaim" after 1512 in his Lendas da Índia (Legends of India).<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-et6yh-46">[45]</a> While some <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglophone</a> authors have suggested this name possibly originated as an alleged <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> phrase bom baim, meaning "good little bay",<a href="#cite_note-Shirodkar_1998_7-47">[46]</a> such suggestions lack any scientific basis.<a href="#cite_note-jpm2-48">[47]</a> Portuguese linguist <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Machado" class="extiw" title="pt:José Pedro Machado">José Pedro Machado</a> attributes that interpretation to a deficient knowledge of the Portuguese language of these authors, mixing up the Portuguese word "bom" with the English "bay", from the English version of the name.<a href="#cite_note-jpm2-48">[47]</a> In 1516, Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Barbosa" title="Duarte Barbosa">Duarte Barbosa</a> used the name Tana-Maiambu: Tana appears to refer to the adjoining town of <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a> and Maiambu to Mumbadevi.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> The form Bombaim is still commonly used in Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-ety-50">[49]</a> Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690)<a href="#cite_note-ety-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-etyh-51">[50]</a> and Bon Bahia.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions" title="English overseas possessions">English</a> gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was <a href="/wiki/Anglicise" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicise">anglicised</a> as Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial <a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">dewan</a> or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The French traveller <a href="/wiki/Louis_Rousselet" title="Louis Rousselet">Louis Rousselet</a>, who visited in 1863 and 1868, states in his book L'Inde des Rajahs, which was first published in 1877: "Etymologists have wrongly derived this name from the Portuguese Bôa Bahia, or (French: "bonne bai", English: "good bay"), not knowing that the tutelar goddess of this island has been, from remote antiquity, Bomba, or <a href="/wiki/Mumba_Devi_Temple" title="Mumba Devi Temple">Mumba Devi</a>, and that she still ... possesses a temple".<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>, and as Bambai in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Beam-56">[55]</a> The Government of India officially changed the English name to Mumbai in November 1995.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> This came at the insistence of the Marathi nationalist <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> party, which had just won the Maharashtra state elections, and mirrored <a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_cities_in_India" title="Renaming of cities in India">similar name changes across the country</a> and particularly in Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> magazine, "they argued that 'Bombay' was a corrupted English version of 'Mumbai' and an unwanted legacy of British colonial rule."<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Slate also said "The push to rename Bombay was part of a larger movement to strengthen Marathi identity in the Maharashtra region."<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> While Mumbai is still referred to as Bombay by some of its residents and by some Indians from other regions,<a href="#cite_note-24change-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-mummaharashtra1-62">[61]</a> mention of the city by a name other than Mumbai has been controversial.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_from_Mumbai">People from Mumbai</h3></div> A resident of Mumbai is called Mumbaikar (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">[ˈmumbəikəɾ]</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, in which the suffix -kar means a 'resident of'. The term had been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbaikar-65">[64]</a> Older terms such as Bombayite are also used.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai" title="History of Mumbai">History of Mumbai</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mumbai" title="Timeline of Mumbai">Timeline of Mumbai</a>.</div> <div class="historical-affiliation ha-float-left" style="width:22em"><div id="0.22198432740848" class="historical-affiliation-title">Historical affiliations</div><ul aria-labelledby="0.22198432740848" class="historical-affiliation-list"><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a> (1843–1947)</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> (1947–1960)</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> (1960–present)</li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244690383">.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation{box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;padding:0.5em;width:25em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ha-float-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .ha-float-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation-title{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:105%;margin-bottom:2px}.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation-list{list-style:none;margin-left:0}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .historical-affiliation{width:100%}}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white Buddhist stupa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg/170px-Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg/255px-Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg/340px-Mumbai_03-2016_94_Kanheri_Caves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="4051" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kanheri_Caves" title="Kanheri Caves">Kanheri Caves</a> contain Buddhist sculptures and paintings dating from the 1st century CE to the 10th century CE.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai is built on what was once an archipelago of <a href="/wiki/Seven_islands_of_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven islands of Bombay">seven islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Bombay" title="Isle of Bombay">Isle of Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel">Parel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazagaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagaon">Mazagaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahim" title="Mahim">Mahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Woman%27s_Island" title="Old Woman's Island">Old Woman's Island</a> (also known as Little Colaba).<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited. <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> sediments found along the coastal areas around <a href="/wiki/Kandivali" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandivali">Kandivali</a> in northern Mumbai suggest that the islands were inhabited since the <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">South Asian Stone Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Perhaps at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>, or possibly earlier, they came to be occupied by the Koli fishing community.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-city-profile-71">[70]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd century BCE</a>, the islands formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, during its expansion in the south, ruled by the Buddhist emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kanheri_Caves" title="Kanheri Caves">Kanheri Caves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Borivali" title="Borivali">Borivali</a> were excavated from basalt rock in the first century CE,<a href="#cite_note-Ray-73">[72]</a> and served as an important centre of Buddhism in Western India during ancient Times.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> The city then was known as Heptanesia (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> in 150 CE.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mahakali_Caves" title="Mahakali Caves">Mahakali Caves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andheri" title="Andheri">Andheri</a> were cut out between the 1st century BCE and the 6th century CE.<a href="#cite_note-battleneglect-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-threattocaves-77">[76]</a> Between the 2nd century BCE and 9th century CE, the islands came under the control of successive <a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai_under_indigenous_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mumbai under indigenous empires">indigenous dynasties</a>: <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abhira_kingdom" title="Abhira kingdom">Abhira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vakataka_dynasty" title="Vakataka dynasty">Vakataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Mahishmati" title="Kalachuris of Mahishmati">Kalachuris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauryas_of_Puri" title="Mauryas of Puri">Konkan Mauryas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakutas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> before being ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Shilahara" title="Shilahara">Shilaharas</a> from 810 to 1260.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Some of the oldest edifices in the city built during this period are the <a href="/wiki/Jogeshwari_Caves" title="Jogeshwari Caves">Jogeshwari Caves</a> (between 520 and 525),<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a> (between the sixth to seventh century),<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walkeshwar_Temple" title="Walkeshwar Temple">Walkeshwar Temple</a> (10th century),<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walkeshwar-83">[82]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banganga_Tank" title="Banganga Tank">Banganga Tank</a> (12th century).<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Banganga-85">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajiali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/220px-Hajiali.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/330px-Hajiali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/440px-Hajiali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a> was built in 1431, when Mumbai was under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat Sultanate</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bhima_of_Mahikavati" title="Bhima of Mahikavati">King Bhimdev</a> founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day <a href="/wiki/Mahim" title="Mahim">Mahim</a>).<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pathare_Prabhu" title="Pathare Prabhu">Pathare Prabhus</a>, among the earliest known settlers of the city, were brought to Mahikawati from <a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_(region)" title="Saurashtra (region)">Saurashtra</a> in Gujarat around 1298 by Bhimdev.<a href="#cite_note-prabhu-87">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> annexed the islands in 1347–48 and controlled it until 1407. During this time, the islands were administered by the Muslim Governors of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, who were appointed by the Delhi Sultanate.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The islands were later governed by the independent <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat Sultanate</a>, which was established in 1407. As a result of the Sultanate's support, numerous mosques were built, with one notable example being the <a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a>. Erected in 1431, this magnificent structure pays homage to the revered Muslim saint, Haji Ali.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> From 1429 to 1431, the islands were a source of contention between the Gujarat Sultanate and the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a> of Deccan.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-mis-92">[91]</a> In 1493, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Khan_Gilani" title="Bahadur Khan Gilani">Bahadur Khan Gilani</a> of the Bahmani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_and_British_rule">Portuguese and British rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bombay_under_Portuguese_rule_(1534%E2%80%931661)" title="History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)">History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534–1661)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bombay_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bombay under British rule">History of Bombay under British rule</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madh-fort3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/220px-Madh-fort3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/330px-Madh-fort3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Madh-fort3.jpg/440px-Madh-fort3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Madh_Island" title="Madh Island">Madh Fort</a>, built by the Portuguese, was one of the most important forts in <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> during the mid-16th century.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Growing apprehensive of the power of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Humayun" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Gujarat" title="Bahadur Shah of Gujarat">Bahadur Shah of Gujarat</a> was obliged to sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bassein_(1534)" title="Treaty of Bassein (1534)">Treaty of Bassein</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the Seven Islands of Bombay, the nearby strategic town of <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a> and its dependencies were offered to the Portuguese. The territories were later surrendered on 25 October 1535.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_72_Flora_Fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3353" data-file-height="4191" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flora_Fountain" title="Flora Fountain">Flora Fountain</a>, built in Neo Classical and Gothic Revival style in 1864, depicts the Roman goddess <a href="/wiki/Flora_(mythology)" title="Flora (mythology)">Flora</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Portuguese were actively involved in the foundation and growth of their <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious orders in Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> They called the islands by various names, which finally took the written form Bombaim. The islands were leased to several Portuguese officers during their regime. The Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> built several churches in the city, prominent being the <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church_(Mumbai)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Church (Mumbai)">St. Michael's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mahim" title="Mahim">Mahim</a> (1534),<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. John the Baptist Church, Mumbai">St. John the Baptist Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Andheri" title="Andheri">Andheri</a> (1579),<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church_(Mumbai)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Church (Mumbai)">St. Andrew's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a> (1580),<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Church" title="Gloria Church">Gloria Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Byculla" title="Byculla">Byculla</a> (1632).<a href="#cite_note-gc-100">[99]</a> The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Castle" title="Bombay Castle">Bombay Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castella_de_Aguada" title="Castella de Aguada">Castella de Aguada</a> (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and <a href="/wiki/Madh_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Madh Fort">Madh Fort</a>. The <a href="/wiki/English_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="English Empire">English</a> were in constant struggle with the Portuguese vying for hegemony over Mumbai, as they recognised its strategic natural harbour and its natural isolation from land attacks. By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a> forced the <a href="/wiki/English_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="English Empire">English</a> to acquire a station in western India. On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">King John IV of Portugal</a>, placed the islands in possession of the <a href="/wiki/English_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="English Empire">English Empire</a>, as part of Catherine's <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> to Charles.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazagaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagaon">Mazagaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel">Parel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Mumbai" title="Sion, Mumbai">Sion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wadala_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadala Road">Wadala</a> still remained under Portuguese possession. From 1665 to 1666, the English managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/220px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/330px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg/440px-AMH-6748-NA_Two_views_of_the_English_fort_in_Bombay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2145" /></a><figcaption>Two views of the English fort in Bombay, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1665</figcaption></figure> In accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter_of_27_March_1668" title="Royal Charter of 27 March 1668">Royal Charter of 27 March 1668</a>, England leased these islands to the <a href="/wiki/English_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English East India Company">English East India Company</a> in 1668 for a sum of <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>10 per annum.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> The islands were subsequently attacked by <a href="/wiki/Yakut_Khan" title="Yakut Khan">Yakut Khan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> admiral of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, in October 1672,<a href="#cite_note-y72-109">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rickloffe_van_Goen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickloffe van Goen">Rickloffe van Goen</a>, the Governor-General of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch India</a> on 20 February 1673,<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siddi" title="Siddi">Siddi</a> admiral <a href="/wiki/Siddi_Sambal" title="Siddi Sambal">Sambal</a> on 10 October 1673.<a href="#cite_note-y72-109">[108]</a> In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a> to Mumbai. The city eventually became the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Following the transfer, Mumbai was placed at the head of all the company's establishments in India.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> Towards the end of the 17th century, the islands again suffered incursions from <a href="/wiki/Yakut_Khan" title="Yakut Khan">Yakut Khan</a> in 1689–90.<a href="#cite_note-iexpress-113">[112]</a> The Portuguese presence ended in Mumbai when the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Marathas</a> under <a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> <a href="/wiki/Baji_Rao_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Baji Rao I">Baji Rao I</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette</a> in 1737, and <a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Bassein</a> in 1739.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> By the middle of the 18th century, Mumbai began to grow into a major trading town, and received a huge influx of migrants from across India.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Later, the British occupied Salsette on 28 December 1774. With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Surat" title="Treaty of Surat">Treaty of Surat</a> (1775), the British formally gained control of <a href="/wiki/Salsette" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsette">Salsette</a> and Bassein, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First Anglo-Maratha War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> The British were able to secure Salsette from the Marathas without violence through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Purandar_(1776)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Purandar (1776)">Treaty of Purandar (1776)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> and later through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Salbai" title="Treaty of Salbai">Treaty of Salbai</a> (1782), signed to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour,_1731.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/220px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/330px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg/440px-Ships_in_Bombay_Harbour%2C_1731.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Ships in <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay Harbour">Mumbai Harbour</a> (c. 1731). Mumbai emerged as a significant trading town during the mid-18th century.</figcaption></figure> From 1782 onwards, the city was reshaped with large-scale civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the <a href="/wiki/Seven_islands_of_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven islands of Bombay">seven islands of Bombay</a> into a single amalgamated mass by way of a <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Hornby_Vellard" title="Hornby Vellard">Hornby Vellard</a>, which was completed by 1784.<a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi_2001_28-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> In 1817, the British East India Company under <a href="/wiki/Mountstuart_Elphinstone" title="Mountstuart Elphinstone">Mountstuart Elphinstone</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Baji_Rao_II" title="Baji Rao II">Baji Rao II</a>, the last of the Maratha Peshwa in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khadki" title="Battle of Khadki">Battle of Khadki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Following his defeat, almost the whole of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> came under British suzerainty, and was incorporated into the Bombay Presidency. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the end of all attacks by native powers.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> By 1845, the seven islands coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fp-onceuponatime-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-mumfact-122">[121]</a> On 16 April 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Mumbai to the neighbouring town of <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thana</a> (now Thane).<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton-trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in 1869 transformed Mumbai into one of the largest seaports on the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> In September 1896, Mumbai was hit by a <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_plague_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai plague epidemic">bubonic plague epidemic</a> where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> About 850,000 people fled Mumbai and the textile industry was adversely affected.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> While the city was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> fostered the <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a> in 1942 and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Royal Indian Navy mutiny</a> in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_India">Independent India</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bombay_in_Independent_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bombay in Independent India">History of Bombay in Independent India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Terminus,_Bombay_in_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/220px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/330px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg/440px-Victoria_Terminus%2C_Bombay_in_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_Building,_Mumbai" title="Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai">Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai</a> in 1950 (Victoria Terminus partly visible on far right)</figcaption></figure> After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a> retained by India was restructured into <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>. The area of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> In April 1950, Municipal limits of Mumbai were expanded by merging the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_suburban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai suburban district">Mumbai Suburban District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_city_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai city district">Mumbai City</a> to form the Greater Mumbai Municipal Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Samyukta Maharashtra movement">Samyukta Maharashtra movement</a> to create a separate Maharashtra state including Mumbai was at its height in the 1950s. In the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> discussions in 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress party</a> demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> The <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">States Reorganisation</a> Committee recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra–<a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> with Mumbai as its capital in its 1955 report. <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Citizens%27_Committee" title="Bombay Citizens' Committee">Bombay Citizens' Committee</a>, an advocacy group of leading <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> industrialists lobbied for Mumbai's independent status.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> Following protests during the movement in which 105 people died in clashes with the police, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>-speaking areas of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a> were partitioned into the state of Gujarat.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Maharashtra State with Mumbai as its capital was formed with the merger of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>-speaking areas of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_State" title="Bombay State">Bombay State</a>, eight districts from <a href="/wiki/Central_Provinces_and_Berar" title="Central Provinces and Berar">Central Provinces and Berar</a>, five districts from <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, and numerous princely states enclosed between them.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> As a memorial to the martyrs of the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, Flora Fountain was renamed as <a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a> (Martyr's Square) and a memorial was erected.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutatma_Chowk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stone statue of torch-bearers as seen at night. A fountain with a white base is in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/170px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/255px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hutatma_Chowk.jpg/340px-Hutatma_Chowk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a> memorial, built to honour the martyrs of the <a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flora_Fountain" title="Flora Fountain">Flora Fountain</a> on its left in the background)</figcaption></figure> The following decades saw massive expansion of the city and its suburbs. In the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuffe_Parade" title="Cuffe Parade">Cuffe Parade</a> were reclaimed and developed.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (BMRDA) was established on 26 January 1975 by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a> as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai metropolitan area">Mumbai metropolitan region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> In August 1979, a sister township of <a href="/wiki/New_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bombay">New Mumbai</a> was founded by the <a href="/wiki/City_and_Industrial_Development_Corporation" title="City and Industrial Development Corporation">City and Industrial Development Corporation</a> (CIDCO) across the <a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad districts</a> to help the dispersal and control of Mumbai's population. The textile industry in Mumbai largely disappeared after the widespread 1982 <a href="/wiki/Great_Bombay_Textile_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bombay Textile Strike">Great Bombay Textile Strike</a>, in which nearly 250,000 workers in more than 50 textile mills went on strike.<a href="#cite_note-a-140">[139]</a> Mumbai's defunct cotton mills have since become the focus of <a href="/wiki/Redevelopment_of_Mumbai_mills" title="Redevelopment of Mumbai mills">intense redevelopment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-skylimit-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-revisitmills-142">[141]</a> Industrial development began in Mumbai when its economy started focusing on the petrochemical, electronic, and automotive sectors. In 1954 <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Refinery_(HPCL)" title="Mumbai Refinery (HPCL)">Mumbai Refinery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trombay" title="Trombay">Trombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Refinery_(BPCL)" title="Mumbai Refinery (BPCL)">BPCL Refinery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">Jawaharlal Nehru Port</a>, which handles 55–60% of India's containerised cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 across the creek at <a href="/wiki/Nhava_Sheva" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhava Sheva">Nhava Sheva</a> with a view to de-congest <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Harbour" title="Mumbai Harbour">Mumbai Harbour</a> and to serve as a hub port for the city.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> The geographical limits of Greater Mumbai were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Mumbai. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Mumbai district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a>, though they continued to be administered by same Municipal Administration.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The years from 1990 to 2010 saw an increase in violence and terrorism activities. Following the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">demolition of the Babri Masjid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a>, the city was rocked by the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_riots" title="Bombay riots">Hindu-Muslim riots of 1992–93</a> in which more than 1,000 people were killed. In March 1993, <a href="/wiki/1993_Bombay_bombings" title="1993 Bombay bombings">a series of 13 coordinated bombings</a> at several city landmarks by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld#Mumbai_underworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld">Mumbai underworld</a> resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> In 2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when <a href="/wiki/2006_Mumbai_train_bombings" title="2006 Mumbai train bombings">seven bombs exploded</a> on the city's <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">commuter trains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> In 2008, a series of <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">ten coordinated attacks</a> by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels.<a href="#cite_note-Casualties-148">[147]</a> The three coordinated <a href="/wiki/2011_Mumbai_bombings" title="2011 Mumbai bombings">bomb explosions in July 2011</a> that occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">Opera house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaveri_Bazaar" title="Zaveri Bazaar">Zaveri Bazaar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadar" title="Dadar">Dadar</a> were the latest in the series of terrorist attacks in Mumbai which resulted in 26 deaths and 130 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-13_July_Mumbai_bombings-150">[149]</a> Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-151">[150]</a> For several decades it has been the home of India's main financial services companies, and a focus for both infrastructure development and private investment.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> From being an ancient fishing community and a colonial centre of trade, Mumbai has become South Asia's largest city and home of the world's most prolific film industry.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mumbai" title="Geography of Mumbai">Geography of Mumbai</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Western Suburbs (Mumbai)">Western Suburbs (Mumbai)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)">Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Mumbai" title="List of neighbourhoods in Mumbai">List of neighbourhoods in Mumbai</a></div> Mumbai is on a narrow peninsula on the southwest of <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a>, which lies between the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Vasai_Creek" title="Vasai Creek">Vasai Creek</a> to the north. Mumbai's suburban district occupies most of the island. <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a> is east of Thane Creek and <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a> is north of <a href="/wiki/Vasai_Creek" title="Vasai Creek">Vasai Creek</a>. Mumbai consists of two distinct regions: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City district</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban district</a>, which form two separate revenue districts of Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-37">[36]</a> The total area of Mumbai is 603.4 square kilometres (233.0 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Of this, the island city spans 67.79 square kilometres (26.17 sq mi), while the suburban district spans 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi), together accounting for 437.71 square kilometres (169.00 sq mi) under the administration of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai">Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai</a> (MCGM). The remaining areas belong to various Defence establishments, the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port Trust</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">Atomic Energy Commission</a> and the Borivali National Park, which are out of the jurisdiction of the MCGM.<a href="#cite_note-trf-156">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a> which includes portions of <a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palghar_district" title="Palghar district">Palghar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad</a> districts in addition to Greater Mumbai, covers an area of 4,355 square kilometres (1,681 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-projectsecoa1-9">[9]</a> Mumbai lies at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas River</a> on the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a>. It sits on <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a> (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the <a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-geo-157">[156]</a> Mumbai is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> to the west.<a href="#cite_note-mloc-158">[157]</a> Many parts of the city lie just above sea level, with elevations ranging from 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft);<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> the city has an average elevation of 14 metres (46 ft).<a href="#cite_note-Wbase-160">[159]</a> Northern Mumbai (Salsette) is hilly,<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> and the highest point in the city is 450 metres (1,480 ft) at Salsette in the <a href="/wiki/Powai" title="Powai">Powai</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kanheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanheri">Kanheri</a> ranges.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_National_Park" title="Sanjay Gandhi National Park">Sanjay Gandhi National Park</a> (Borivali National Park) is located partly in the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_suburban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai suburban district">Mumbai suburban district</a>, and partly in the Thane district, and it extends over an area of 103.09 square kilometres (39.80 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Bhatsa_Dam" title="Bhatsa Dam">Bhatsa Dam</a>, there are six major lakes that supply water to the city: <a href="/wiki/Vihar_Lake" title="Vihar Lake">Vihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Vaitarna_Dam" title="Middle Vaitarna Dam">Lower Vaitarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Vaitarna_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Vaitarna Dam">Upper Vaitarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Lake" title="Tulsi Lake">Tulsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tansa_Dam" title="Tansa Dam">Tansa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Powai" title="Powai">Powai</a>. Tulsi Lake and Vihar Lake are located in <a href="/wiki/Borivili_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Borivili National Park">Borivili National Park</a>, within the city's limits. The supply from Powai lake, also within the city limits, is used only for agricultural and industrial purposes.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> Three small rivers, the <a href="/wiki/Dahisar_River" title="Dahisar River">Dahisar River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poisar_River" title="Poisar River">Poinsar (or Poisar)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oshiwara_River" title="Oshiwara River">Ohiwara (or Oshiwara)</a> originate within the park, while the <a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi River</a> originates from Tulsi Lake and gathers water overflowing from Vihar and Powai Lakes.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> The coastline of the city is indented with numerous <a href="/wiki/Creek_(tidal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Creek (tidal)">creeks</a> and bays, stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Thane_creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Thane creek">Thane creek</a> on the eastern to Madh Marve on the western front.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamps</a>, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The underlying rock of the region is composed of black <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> basalt flows, and their acidic and <a href="/wiki/Basic_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic (chemistry)">basic</a> variants dating back to the late <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> eras.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Mumbai sits on a <a href="/wiki/Seismicity" title="Seismicity">seismically active</a> zone owing to the presence of 23 <a href="/wiki/Fault_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault line">fault lines</a> in the vicinity.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> The area is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake hazard zoning of India">Seismic Zone III region</a>,<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter magnitude scale may be expected.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_(27105063465).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite image of Mumbai"><img alt="Satellite image of Mumbai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg/81px-Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg/121px-Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg/162px-Mumbai_432_pan_crop_375_%2827105063465%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1941" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite image">Satellite image</a> of Mumbai</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbaicitydistricts.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mumbai consists of two revenue districts."><img alt="Mumbai consists of two revenue districts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mumbaicitydistricts.png/71px-Mumbaicitydistricts.png" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mumbaicitydistricts.png/106px-Mumbaicitydistricts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mumbaicitydistricts.png/141px-Mumbaicitydistricts.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="339" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mumbai consists of two revenue districts.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mumbai" title="Climate of Mumbai">Climate of Mumbai</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Climate_Action_Plan" title="Mumbai Climate Action Plan">Mumbai Climate Action Plan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The average temperature ranges between 23 °C (73 °F) in January to 30 °C (86 °F) in May. Rainfall is at or near zero from November through May, then quickly rises to a peak of about 600 mm (23.62 in) in July, falling back more gradually." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/220px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/330px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg/440px-India_mumbai_temperature_precipitation_averages_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Average temperature and precipitation in Mumbai</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mumbai_Skyline_during_monsoon_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mumbai" title="List of tallest buildings in Mumbai">Skyline of Mumbai</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_of_South_Asia" title="Monsoon of South Asia">monsoon</a></figcaption></figure> Mumbai has an extreme <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical wet and dry climate</a> (Aw) under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, although the central and northern suburbs have a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (Am) with even heavier wet season rainfall. Mumbai has a virtually rainless period extending from October to May and an extremely wet period peaking in July.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> A cooler season from December to February is followed by a hotter season from March to May. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_of_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsoon of Indian subcontinent">south west monsoon</a> season, and October and November form the post-monsoon season.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> Between June and September, the <a href="/wiki/South-west_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="South-west monsoon">South-west monsoon</a> rains occur in Mumbai. Pre-monsoon showers are received in May. Occasionally, north-east monsoon showers occur in October and November. The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452 mm (136 in) for 1954.<a href="#cite_note-clra-175">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2005_Mumbai_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Mumbai floods">highest rainfall</a> recorded in a single day was 944 mm (37 in) on <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_floods_of_2005" title="Maharashtra floods of 2005">26 July 2005</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> The average total annual rainfall is 2,213.4 mm (87 in) for the Island City, and 2,502.3 mm (99 in) for the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-clra-175">[174]</a> The average annual temperature is 27 °C (81 °F), and the average annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> is 2,213 mm (87 in).<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> In the Island City, the average maximum temperature is 31 °C (88 °F), while the average minimum temperature is 24 °C (75 °F). In the suburbs, the daily mean maximum temperature range from 29 °C (84 °F) to 33 °C (91 °F), while the daily mean minimum temperature ranges from 16 °C (61 °F) to 26 °C (79 °F).<a href="#cite_note-clra-175">[174]</a> The record high is 42.2 °C (108 °F) set on 14 April 1952,<a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-178">[177]</a> and the record low is 7.4 °C (45 °F) set on 27 January 1962.<a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> Tropical cyclones are rare in the city. The worst cyclone to ever impact Mumbai was the one in 1948 where gusts reached 151 km/h (94 mph) in Juhu. The storm left 38 people dead and 47 missing. The storm reportedly impacted Mumbai for 20 hours and left the city devastated.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Mumbai is prone to <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> floods,<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> which affects heavy rains and <a href="/wiki/High_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="High tide">high tide</a> in the sea. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, unplanned drainage system and <a href="/wiki/Informal_housing" title="Informal housing">informal settlement</a> is a key factor of frequent floods in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-WEF-185">[184]</a> Among other causes of flooding in Mumbai is its <a href="/wiki/Geographical_feature" title="Geographical feature">geographic location</a>, Mumbai urban is peninsular in form, (a land-filled area that connects seven islands) a low laying area, compared to its suburbs that sit on an elevated location. Over the past few decades, new informal settlements were formed in the suburbs, causing a rapid increase in population, improper waste management, and drainage congestion. The rainwater from these areas heavily flows towards low-lying urban areas consisting of some slums and high-rise buildings. As a result, slums are either <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamped</a>, washed away, or collapse causing heavy casualties, and post-flood water logging lasts for a long time that causing blockage of railway lines-(most frequently used public transport in Mumbai), traffic snarl, inundated roads, and sub-merged bylanes. Over the past few decades, the frequency of floods in Mumbai is enormous, the <a href="/wiki/2005_Mumbai_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Mumbai floods">2005 Mumbai floods</a> are characterised by 500-1000 deaths, household displacements, damaged infrastructure-(including heritage sites), and a financial loss of US$ 1.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-WEF-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-david,david&Janel-186">[185]</a> In the process of reducing floods in Mumbai, the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra government">Maharashtra government</a> adopted a flood mitigation plan; according to which the drainage system will be restructured, restoration of <a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi River</a>, and re-establishment of informal settlements. Local civic body <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC) authorities are assigned to forecast and issue eviction notices while BMC along with NGO's prepare for the evacuation of the residents of those areas to temporary safe camps.<a href="#cite_note-WEF-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-david,david&Janel-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-LSC-187">[186]</a><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mumbai_weatherbox" title="Template:Mumbai weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mumbai_weatherbox" title="Template talk:Mumbai weatherbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai_weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a>) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3 (100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4 (101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6 (106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9 (94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8 (96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7 (90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3 (95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24 (75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1 (62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7 (63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 (0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (0.63) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">506.0 (19.92) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">768.5 (30.26) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">471.9 (18.58) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">355.6 (14.00) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7 (3.22) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (0.33) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (0.13) </td> <td style="background: #00E600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,213.4 (87.14) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.1 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.2 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (59) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 (61) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (75) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (72) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 (61) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21 (70) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.1 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272.8 </td> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.0 </td> <td style="background: #939393; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.6 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.5 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.7 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,611.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8F8F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a> (sun 1971–2000)<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985–2015)<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020),<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-193">[192]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mumbai (<a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Santacruz,_Mumbai" title="Santacruz, Mumbai">Santacruz</a>) 1991–2020, extremes 1951–2012) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6 (103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2 (108.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0 (105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8 (103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (99.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.2 (108.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5 (90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6 (76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7 (81.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9 (75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.00) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (0.29) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">526.3 (20.72) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">919.9 (36.22) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">560.8 (22.08) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">383.5 (15.10) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3 (3.59) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (0.43) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (0.06) </td> <td style="background: #00C100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,502.3 (98.52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000DE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.4 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-196">[195]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a> is a major issue in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> According to the 2016 <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> the annual average <a href="/wiki/PM2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="PM2.5">PM2.5</a> concentration in 2013 was 63 μg/m3, which is 6.3 times higher than that recommended by the WHO Air Quality Guidelines<a href="#cite_note-guidelines-201">[200]</a> for the annual mean PM2.5. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Central Pollution Control Board">Central Pollution Control Board</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Mumbai" title="Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai">Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai</a> monitor and publicly share real-time air quality data.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> In December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay">IIT Bombay</a>, in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/McKelvey_School_of_Engineering" title="McKelvey School of Engineering">McKelvey School of Engineering</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> launched the Aerosol and Air Quality Research Facility to study air pollution in Mumbai, among other Indian cities.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> Mumbai has been ranked 24th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai" title="Economy of Mumbai">Economy of Mumbai</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg/220px-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg/330px-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg/440px-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mumbai" title="List of tallest buildings in Mumbai">tallest skyscrapers of Mumbai</a>, like <a href="/wiki/World_One" title="World One">World One</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Park_(residential_project)" title="The Park (residential project)"> Lodha Park</a>, can be found in <a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel"> Lower Parel</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg/220px-Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg/330px-Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg/440px-Lodha_Altamount_-_An_epitome_of_luxury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Lodha_Altamount" title="Lodha Altamount">Lodha Altamount</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antilia_(building)" title="Antilia (building)"> Antilia</a> <a href="/wiki/Skyscrapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyscrapers">skyscrapers</a> on <a href="/wiki/Altamount_Road" title="Altamount Road">Altamount Road</a>, also known as India's Billionaires' Row.</div></div></div></div></div> Mumbai, sometimes described as the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> of India,<a href="#cite_note-MumbaiNewYorkOfIndia-35">[34]</a> is India's most populous city and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP.<a href="#cite_note-mmrda_muip_gdp-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-151">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Financial_Express-206">[205]</a> It serves as an economic hub of India; as of 2006, Mumbai contributed 10% of the nation's factory employment, 25% of industrial output, 33% of <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> collections, 60% of <a href="/wiki/Customs_(tax)" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs (tax)">customs duty</a> collections, 20% of central <a href="/wiki/Excise_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise tax">excise tax</a> collections, 40% of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign trade">foreign trade</a>, and ₹40 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a> (equivalent to ₹130 billion or US$1.5 billion in 2023) in <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate taxes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> Along with the rest of India, Mumbai has witnessed an economic boom since the <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberalisation of 1991</a>, the finance boom in the mid-nineties and the IT, export, services and outsourcing boom in the 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Estimates of the 2016 economy of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a> have ranged from $368 billion to $400 billion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a> <a href="/wiki/Gross_metropolitan_product" title="Gross metropolitan product">metro GDP</a>) ranking it either the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">most or second-most productive metro area</a> of India.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_GDP-209">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-gqindia.com-212">[211]</a> Many of India's numerous conglomerates (including <a href="/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro" title="Larsen & Toubro">Larsen & Toubro</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_India" title="State Bank of India">State Bank of India</a> (SBI), <a href="/wiki/Life_Insurance_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Insurance Corporation of India">Life Insurance Corporation of India</a> (LIC), <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godrej_Group" title="Godrej Group">Godrej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_global-151">[150]</a> and five of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> companies are based in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> This is facilitated by the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> (RBI), the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a> (BSE), the <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a> (NSE), and financial sector regulators such as the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a> (SEBI).<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-214">[213]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:328px;max-width:328px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Sixty_West,Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg/180px-Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg/270px-Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg/360px-Three_Sixty_West%2CMumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1078" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Three_Sixty_West" title="Three Sixty West">Three Sixty West</a> Tower B, occupied by <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_Company" title="The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company"> The Ritz-Carlton</a>, is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mumbai" title="List of tallest buildings in Mumbai">tallest commercial skyscrapers</a> in the city.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg/140px-Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg/210px-Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg/280px-Phiroze_Jeejeebhoy_Towers_Bombay_Stock_Exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a> is the oldest stock exchange in Asia.</div></div></div></div></div> Until the 1970s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a>, but the local economy has since then diversified to include <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, diamond-polishing, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a>, and information technology.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> The key sectors contributing to the city's economy are: finance, gems & jewellery, leather processing, IT and <a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing" title="Business process outsourcing">ITES</a>, textiles, petrochemical, electronics manufacturing, automobiles, and entertainment. <a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandra_Kurla_Complex" title="Bandra Kurla Complex">Bandra Kurla Complex</a> (BKC) are Mumbai's major financial centres.<a href="#cite_note-ecoprofile-214">[213]</a> Despite competition from <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, Mumbai has carved a niche for itself in the information technology industry. The <a href="/wiki/SEEPZ" title="SEEPZ">Santacruz Electronic Export Processing Zone</a> (SEEPZ) and the International Infotech Park (<a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>) offer excellent facilities to IT companies.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> State and central government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled self-employed population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics, and other such <a href="/wiki/Blue_collar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue collar">blue collar</a> professions. The port and shipping industry is well established, with <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port" title="Mumbai Port">Mumbai Port</a> being one of the oldest and most significant ports in India.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, in central Mumbai, has an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of the city; the district has an estimated 15,000 single-room factories.<a href="#cite_note-gua-218">[217]</a> As of 2024, Mumbai is home to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of cities by number of billionaires">third-highest number of billionaires</a> of any city in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_data-219">[218]</a> With a total wealth of around $960 billion,<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> it is the richest Indian city and one of the richest cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Mumbai_info-222">[221]</a> As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a> has ranked Mumbai as an "<a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network#Alpha" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">alpha</a> world city", third in its categories of <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">Global cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lboro2008-22">[22]</a> Mumbai is the third most expensive office market in the world, and was ranked among the fastest cities in the country for business startup in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_and_International_Financial_Corporation-223">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_inequality">Income inequality</h3></div> However, it is important to acknowledge that Mumbai faces important challenges regarding income inequality. Despite having the largest concentration of billionaires out of any city in Asia, Mumbai is one of the most unequal cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> Like other Indian metropolitan cities, Mumbai is in desperate need of affordable housing infrastructure for its lower and lower-middle class citizens. The median rental cost of a one-bedroom apartment in Mumbai proper is around ₹30,000,<a href="#cite_note-Lewis-225">[224]</a> while according to ResearchGate, 25% of Mumbai households have a monthly income of less than ₹12,500.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> The overall average salary in Mumbai is ₹45,000.<a href="#cite_note-Lewis-225">[224]</a> This means that the vast majority of conventional housing is out of bounds for many Mumbai residents, leading many to rely on informal housing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg/170px-Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg/255px-Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg/340px-Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4232" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC), the largest civic organisation in the country.</figcaption></figure> Greater Mumbai (or Brihanmumbai), an area of 603 km2 (233 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a> districts, extends from <a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a> in the south, to <a href="/wiki/Mulund" title="Mulund">Mulund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahisar" title="Dahisar">Dahisar</a> in the north, and <a href="/wiki/Mankhurd" title="Mankhurd">Mankhurd</a> in the east. Its population as per the 2011 census was 12,442,373.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-gtmumcity-228">[227]</a> It is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC) (sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai">Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai</a>), formerly known as the Bombay Municipal Corporation (BMC).<a href="#cite_note-mloc-158">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai">BMC</a> is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis.<a href="#cite_note-mcmmm-229">[228]</a> The mayor, who serves for a term of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2+1⁄2 years, is chosen through an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> by the councillors from among themselves.<a href="#cite_note-mayorterm-230">[229]</a> The municipal commissioner is the chief executive officer and head of the executive arm of the municipal corporation. All executive powers are vested in the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Commissioner_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai">municipal commissioner</a> who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">state government</a>. Although the municipal corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by state statute. The powers of the commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the corporation or the standing committee.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation was ranked 9th out of 21 cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.5 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A brown building with a central tower and sloping roofs surrounded by trees. A grassy ground and a coconut tree are in front of it." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_41_Bombay_High_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5098" data-file-height="2868" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> exercises jurisdiction over Maharashtra, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a>.</figcaption></figure> The two revenue districts of Mumbai come under the jurisdiction of a <a href="/wiki/District_Collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District Collector">District Collector</a>. The collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a>, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Police">Mumbai Police</a> is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner of Mumbai">police commissioner</a>, who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> (IPS) officer. The Mumbai Police is a division of the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Maharashtra Police</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Home_Ministry_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Ministry (India)">state Home Ministry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> The city is divided into seven police zones and seventeen <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_traffic_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai traffic police">traffic police</a> zones,<a href="#cite_note-trf-156">[155]</a> each headed by a deputy commissioner of police.<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> The Mumbai Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Fire_Brigade" title="Mumbai Fire Brigade">Mumbai Fire Brigade</a>, which is under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation, is headed by the chief fire officer, who is assisted by four deputy chief fire officers and six divisional officers.<a href="#cite_note-trf-156">[155]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (MMRDA) is responsible for infrastructure development and planning of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Mumbai is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a>, which exercises jurisdiction over the states of Maharashtra and <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Territory">Union Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> Mumbai also has two lower courts, the <a href="/wiki/Small_Causes_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Causes Court">Small Causes Court</a> for civil matters, and the <a href="/wiki/Sessions_Court" title="Sessions Court">Sessions Court</a> for criminal cases. Mumbai also has a special Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (TADA) court for people accused of conspiring and abetting acts of terrorism in the city.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_politics">National politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_INC1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Men in traditional Indian dresses posing for a photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/220px-1st_INC1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/330px-1st_INC1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/1st_INC1885.jpg/440px-1st_INC1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>First session of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> in Mumbai (28–31 December 1885)</figcaption></figure> Mumbai had been a traditional stronghold and birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, also known as the Congress Party.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Mumbai from 28 to 31 December 1885.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> The city played host to the Indian National Congress six times during its first 50 years, and became a strong base for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> during the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> The 1960s saw the rise of regionalist politics in Mumbai, with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> on 19 June 1966, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Bal_Thackeray" title="Bal Thackeray">Balasaheb Thackeray</a> out of a feeling of resentment about the relative marginalisation of the native <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a> in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> Shiv Sena switched from 'Marathi Cause' to larger 'Hindutva Cause' in 1985 and joined hands with <a href="/wiki/Bhartiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhartiya Janata Party">Bhartiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) in the same year.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> The Congress had dominated the politics of Mumbai from independence until the early 1980s, when the Shiv Sena won the 1985 Mumbai Municipal Corporation elections.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP), a major national political party, forged an electoral alliance with the Shiv Sena to dislodge the Congress in the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra Legislative Assembly</a> elections. In 1999, several members left the Congress to form the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a> (NCP) but later allied with the Congress as part of an alliance known as the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_(India)" title="Democratic Front (India)">Democratic Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Other parties such as <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Navnirman_Sena" title="Maharashtra Navnirman Sena">Maharashtra Navnirman Sena</a> (MNS), <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> (SP), <a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a> (BSP), <a href="/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen" title="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen">All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM)</a> and several independent candidates also contest elections in the city.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Indian national elections</a> held every five years, Mumbai is represented by six parliamentary constituencies: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_North_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_North_West_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)">North West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_North_East_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)">North East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_North_Central_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)">North Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_South_Central_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)">South Central</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_South_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)">South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">member of parliament</a> (MP) to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>, is elected from each of the parliamentary constituencies. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019 national election</a>, all six parliamentary constituencies were won by the BJP and Shiv Sena in alliance, with both parties winning three seats each.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Vidhan_Bhavan_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra Legislative Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Maharashtra state assembly</a> elections held every five years, Mumbai is represented by 36 assembly constituencies.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">member of the legislative assembly</a> (MLA) to the Maharashtra <a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a> (legislative assembly) is elected from each of the assembly constituencies. In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election">2019 state assembly election</a>, out of the 36 assembly constituencies, 16 were won by the BJP, 11 by the Shiv Sena, 6 by the Congress, 2 by the NCP and one by independent candidate.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> Elections are also held every five years to elect corporators to power in the MCGM.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> The Corporation comprises 227 directly elected Councillors representing the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Mumbai" title="Administrative divisions of Mumbai">24 municipal wards</a>, five nominated Councillors having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration, and a <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Mumbai">mayor</a> whose role is mostly ceremonial.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Brihanmumbai_Mahanagar_Palika_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Brihanmumbai Mahanagar Palika election">2012 municipal corporation elections</a>, out of the 227 seats, the Shiv Sena-BJP alliance secured 107 seats, holding power with the support of independent candidates in the MCGM, while the Congress-NCP alliance bagged 64 seats.<a href="#cite_note-civic20102-255">[254]</a> The tenure of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Mumbai">mayor</a>, deputy mayor, and <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Commissioner_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai">municipal commissioner</a> is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2+1⁄2 years.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mumbai" title="Transport in Mumbai">Transport in Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg/330px-Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg/440px-Rapid_transit_map_of_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4150" data-file-height="6363" /></a><figcaption>Rapid transit map of Mumbai</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3></div> Public transport systems in Mumbai include the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Monorail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a> (BEST) buses, black-and-yellow meter <a href="/wiki/Taxicabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs">taxis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferries">ferries</a>. Suburban railway and BEST bus services together accounted for about 88% of the passenger traffic in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-bus44-257">[256]</a> Auto rickshaws are allowed to operate only in the suburban areas of Mumbai, while taxis are allowed to operate throughout Mumbai, but generally operate in <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autaxi-258">[257]</a> Taxis and Auto rickshaws in Mumbai are required by law to run on <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> (CNG),<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> and are a convenient, economical, and easily available means of transport.<a href="#cite_note-autaxi-258">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway">Railway</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a>, popularly referred to as Locals forms the backbone of the city's transport system.<a href="#cite_note-Outlook-260">[259]</a> It is operated by the Central Railway and Western Railway zones of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> Mumbai's suburban rail systems carried a total of 63 <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">lakh</a> (6.3 million) passengers every day in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> Trains are overcrowded during peak hours, with twelve-car trains of rated capacity 1,700 passengers, actually carrying around 4,500 passengers at peak hours.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> The Mumbai rail network is spread at an expanse of 319 route kilometres (198 mi). 191 rakes (train-sets) of 12 car and 15 car composition are utilised to run a total of 2,226 train services in the city.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Mumbai Monorail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a> have been built and are being extended in phases to relieve the overcrowding on the existing network. The Monorail opened in early February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-startMono-265">[264]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)">first line</a> of the Mumbai Metro opened in early June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-startMetro-266">[265]</a> Mumbai is the headquarters of two zones of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Central_Railway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Railway (India)">Central Railway (CR)</a> headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a> (formerly Victoria Terminus), and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway (India)">Western Railway (WR)</a> headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Churchgate" title="Churchgate">Churchgate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> Mumbai is also well connected to most parts of India by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>. Long-distance trains originate from <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dadar_railway_station" title="Dadar railway station">Dadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilak_Terminus" title="Lokmanya Tilak Terminus">Lokmanya Tilak Terminus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Central">Mumbai Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandra_Terminus" title="Bandra Terminus">Bandra Terminus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andheri_railway_station" title="Andheri railway station">Andheri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borivali_railway_station" title="Borivali railway station">Borivali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mumbai Suburban Railway system carries more than 69.9 lakh (6.99 million) commuters on a daily basis. It has the highest passenger density of any urban railway system in the world."><img alt="The Mumbai Suburban Railway system carries more than 69.9 lakh (6.99 million) commuters on a daily basis. It has the highest passenger density of any urban railway system in the world." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg/200px-AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg/300px-AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg/400px-AC-EMU-Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="404" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a> system carries more than 69.9 lakh (6.99 million) commuters on a daily basis. It has the highest passenger density of any urban railway system in the world.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbaimetro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mumbai Metro provides connectivity with eastern and western part of the city."><img alt="Mumbai Metro provides connectivity with eastern and western part of the city." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mumbaimetro.jpg/200px-Mumbaimetro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mumbaimetro.jpg/300px-Mumbaimetro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mumbaimetro.jpg/400px-Mumbaimetro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3249" data-file-height="2437" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a> provides connectivity with eastern and western part of the city.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mumbai Monorail, opened in February 2014, is the only operational monorail system in India and also is the seventh largest Monorail system in the world."><img alt="The Mumbai Monorail, opened in February 2014, is the only operational monorail system in India and also is the seventh largest Monorail system in the world." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg/200px-Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg/300px-Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg/400px-Mumbai_Monorail_train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Mumbai Monorail</a>, opened in February 2014, is the <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit_in_India" title="Urban rail transit in India">only operational monorail system</a> in India and also is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_monorail_systems" title="List of monorail systems">seventh largest Monorail system</a> in the world.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A BEST bus on Route 56" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg/220px-Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg/330px-Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg/440px-Mumbai-BEST-Kinglong-Bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport">BEST</a> buses carry a total of 2.8 million passengers daily.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai's bus services carried over 5.5 million passengers per day in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-bus44-257">[256]</a> which dropped to 2.8 million in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-BESTdip-269">[268]</a> Public buses run by BEST cover almost all parts of the metropolis, as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mira-Bhayandar" title="Mira-Bhayandar">Mira-Bhayandar</a> and Thane.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> The BEST operates a total of 4,608 buses<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> with CCTV cameras installed, ferrying 4.5 million passengers daily<a href="#cite_note-bus44-257">[256]</a> over 390 routes. Its fleet consists of single-decker, double-decker, vestibule, low-floor, disabled-friendly, air-conditioned and <a href="/wiki/Euro_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro III">Euro III</a> compliant diesel and <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> powered buses.<a href="#cite_note-bestfleet-272">[271]</a> BEST introduced air-conditioned buses in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-timelineBEST-273">[272]</a> BEST buses are red in colour, based originally on the <a href="/wiki/AEC_Routemaster" title="AEC Routemaster">Routemaster</a> buses of London.<a href="#cite_note-newkiller-274">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation">Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation</a> (MSRTC, also known as ST)<a href="#cite_note-training-275">[274]</a> buses provide intercity transport connecting Mumbai with other towns and cities of Maharashtra and nearby states.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_Municipal_Transport" title="Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport">Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport</a> (NMMT) and <a href="/wiki/Thane_Municipal_Transport" title="Thane Municipal Transport">Thane Municipal Transport</a> (TMT) also operate their buses in Mumbai, connecting various nodes of Navi Mumbai and Thane to parts of Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-NMMTgain-278">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-TMTmoolah-279">[278]</a> Buses are generally favoured for commuting short to medium distances, while train fares are more economical for longer distance commutes.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> The Mumbai Darshan is a tourist bus service which explores numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai" title="List of tourist attractions in Mumbai">tourist attractions in Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) lanes have been planned throughout Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-routetalpdf-282">[281]</a> Though 88% of the city's commuters travel by public transport, Mumbai still continues to struggle with <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Mumbai's transport system has been categorised as one of the most congested in the world.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Water_transport_in_Mumbai" title="Water transport in Mumbai">Water transport in Mumbai</a> consists of ferries, hovercraft and catamarans. Services are provided by both government agencies as well as private partners.<a href="#cite_note-alibauglaunch-285">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a> services plied briefly in the late 1990s between the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/CBD_Belapur" title="CBD Belapur">CBD Belapur</a> in Navi Mumbai. They were subsequently scrapped due to lack of adequate <a href="/wiki/Water_transport_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Water transport infrastructure">infrastructure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nmhovercraft-286">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans_Harbour_Link,_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg/220px-Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg/330px-Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg/440px-Trans_Harbour_Link%2C_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Mumbai Trans Harbour Link is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges_above_water_in_India" title="List of longest bridges above water in India">longest sea bridge in India</a>.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai is served by National Highway 48, National Highway 66, National Highway 160 and National Highway 61.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> The Mumbai–<a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and Mumbai–Delhi prongs of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> system of National Highways start from the city. The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai-Pune_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai-Pune Expressway">Mumbai-Pune Expressway</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_India" title="Expressways of India">expressway</a> built in India.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a> was opened in 2013. The <a href="/wiki/Bandra-Worli_Sea_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandra-Worli Sea Link">Bandra-Worli Sea Link</a> bridge, along with <a href="/wiki/Mahim_Causeway" title="Mahim Causeway">Mahim Causeway</a>, links the island city to the western suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> The three major road arteries of the city are the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Express_Highway" title="Eastern Express Highway">Eastern Express Highway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Mumbai" title="Sion, Mumbai">Sion</a> to Thane, the <a href="/wiki/Sion_Panvel_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sion Panvel Expressway">Sion Panvel Expressway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Mumbai" title="Sion, Mumbai">Sion</a> to <a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Express_Highway" title="Western Express Highway">Western Express Highway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bhayander" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhayander">Bhayander</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> The 21.8 km (14 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link" title="Mumbai Trans Harbour Link">Mumbai Trans Harbour Link</a> was inaugurated by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> on 12 January 2024, connects Mumbai with <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> Mumbai has approximately 1,900 km (1,181 mi) of roads.<a href="#cite_note-dnaindia.com-292">[291]</a> There are five <a href="/wiki/Toll_plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll plaza">tolled</a> entry points to the city by road.<a href="#cite_note-gatewaytollfree-293">[292]</a> Mumbai had about 721,000 private vehicles as of March 2014,<a href="#cite_note-TOI1-294">[293]</a> 56,459 black and yellow taxis as of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> and 106,000 auto rickshaws, as of May 2013.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> Mumbai currently has one operational expressway–the Mumbai–Pune Expressway, which directly connects Mumbai with <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>. In the coming years, the great metropolis will be connected with more expressways. They are as follows: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Mumbai_Expressway" title="Delhi–Mumbai Expressway">Delhi–Mumbai Expressway</a>: Under construction since March 2019,<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> to be completed by December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-298">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-299">[298]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Nagpur_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway">Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway</a>: Under construction since January 2019,<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> to be completed by December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a></li> <li>Konkan Expressway: Proposed.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png/220px-Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png/330px-Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png/440px-Mumbai_Airport_Aerial_View.png 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>An aerial View of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a> (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> It handled 52.8 million passengers in the Financial Year 2024, an increase of 16 per cent in passenger traffic over the previous Financial Year.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> An upgrade plan was initiated in 2006, targeted at increasing the capacity of the airport to handle up to 40 million passengers annually<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> and the new terminal T2 was opened in February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_International_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Navi Mumbai International airport">Navi Mumbai International airport</a>, being built in the Kopra-<a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a> area, will help relieve the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> It is expected to be completed and become operational by March 2025.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Juhu_Aerodrome" title="Juhu Aerodrome">Juhu Aerodrome</a> was India's first airport, and now hosts the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Flying_Club" title="Bombay Flying Club">Bombay Flying Club</a> and a heliport operated by state-owned <a href="/wiki/Pawan_Hans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawan Hans">Pawan Hans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/220px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/330px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg/440px-Jawaharlal_Nehru_Trust_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port">Jawaharlal Nehru Port</a> is the busiest port in India.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai is served by two major ports, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Port Trust">Mumbai Port Trust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust">Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust</a>, which lies just across the creek in <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> Mumbai Port has one of the best natural harbours in the world, and has extensive wet and dry dock accommodation facilities.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> Jawaharlal Nehru Port, commissioned on 26 May 1989, is the busiest and most modern major port in India.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> It handles 55–60% of the country's total containerised cargo.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Ferries from <a href="/wiki/Ferry_Wharf" title="Ferry Wharf">Ferry Wharf</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mazagaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagaon">Mazagaon</a> allow access to islands near the city.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> The city is also the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a>, and also an important base for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mloc-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utility_services">Utility services</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%27s_water_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai's water sources">Mumbai's water sources</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg/220px-Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg/330px-Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg/440px-Eastern_Express_Highway_Mumbai_May_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="2692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deonar_dumping_ground" title="Deonar dumping ground">Deonar dumping ground</a> seen behind the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Express_Highway" title="Eastern Express Highway">Eastern Express Highway</a>.</figcaption></figure> Under colonial rule, tanks were the only source of water in Mumbai, with many localities having been named after them. The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai">MCGM</a> supplies potable water to the city from six lakes,<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> most of which comes from the Tulsi and Vihar lakes. The Tansa lake supplies water to the western suburbs and parts of the island city along the Western Railway.<a href="#cite_note-tansa-317">[316]</a> The water is filtered at <a href="/wiki/Bhandup" title="Bhandup">Bhandup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-tansa-317">[316]</a> which is Asia's largest water filtration plant.<a href="#cite_note-RTIBhandup-318">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-contamination-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> India's first underground water tunnel was completed in Mumbai to supply water to the Bhandup filtration plant.<a href="#cite_note-firstwatertunnel-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-tunnelcomplete-322">[321]</a> About 700 million (70 crore) litres of water, out of a daily supply of 3.5 billion (350 crore) litres, is lost by way of water thefts, illegal connections and leakages, per day in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> Almost all of Mumbai's daily refuse of 7,800 tonnes (7,700 long tons; 8,600 short tons), of which 40 tonnes (39 long tons; 44 short tons) is <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic waste</a>,<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> is transported to dumping grounds in <a href="/wiki/Gorai" title="Gorai">Gorai</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Mulund" title="Mulund">Mulund</a> in the northeast, and to the <a href="/wiki/Deonar_dumping_ground" title="Deonar dumping ground">Deonar dumping ground</a> in the east.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> Sewage treatment is carried out at <a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a>, and disposed of by two independent marine outfalls of 3.4 km (2.1 mi) and 3.7 km (2.3 mi) at Bandra and Worli respectively.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> Electricity is distributed by the <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a> (BEST) undertaking in the island city, and by <a href="/wiki/Adani_Transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Adani Transmission">Adani Transmission</a>,<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tata_Power" title="Tata Power">Tata Power</a> and the Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd (<a href="/wiki/Mahavitaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahavitaran">Mahavitaran</a>) in the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> Power supply cables are <a href="/wiki/Undergrounding" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergrounding">underground</a>, which reduces pilferage, thefts and other losses.<a href="#cite_note-curbtheft-329">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-explorecurbtheft-330">[329]</a> Cooking gas is supplied in the form of <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas cylinders</a> sold by state-owned oil companies,<a href="#cite_note-cylinderatpump-331">[330]</a> as well as through <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">piped natural gas</a> supplied by Mahanagar Gas Limited.<a href="#cite_note-pipedattractive-332">[331]</a> The largest telephone service provider is the state-owned <a href="/wiki/MTNL" class="mw-redirect" title="MTNL">MTNL</a>, which held a monopoly over fixed line and cellular services up until 2000, and provides fixed line as well as mobile <a href="/wiki/Wireless_local_loop" title="Wireless local loop">WLL</a> services.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> Mobile phone coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Essar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Essar">Vodafone Essar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Airtel</a>, MTNL, <a href="/wiki/Loop_Mobile" title="Loop Mobile">Loop Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idea_Cellular" title="Idea Cellular">Idea Cellular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Indicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Indicom">Tata Indicom</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> and <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> services are available in the city.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> Mumbai, along with the area served by <a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">telephone exchanges</a> in <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalyan" title="Kalyan">Kalyan</a> is classified as a Metro telecom circle.<a href="#cite_note-unifiedLicence-335">[334]</a> Many of the above service providers also provide broadband internet and wireless internet access in Mumbai. As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>, Mumbai had the highest number of internet users in India with 16.4 million (1.64 crore) users.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_Mumbai" title="Growth of Mumbai">Growth of Mumbai</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">812,912</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,018,388</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,244,934</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,268,306</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,686,127</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,966,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+76.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,152,056</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,970,575</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,243,405</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">9,925,891</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+20.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,914,398</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,478,447</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Data is based on <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> Census. Source: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">MMRDA</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg/170px-Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg/255px-Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg/340px-Shree_Siddhivinayak_Temple_Mumbai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai">Shri Siddhivinayak Temple</a> is one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a> in the city.</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>, the population of Mumbai city was 12,479,608. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 inhabitants per square kilometre (53,050/sq mi). The living space is 4.5 square metres (48 sq ft) per person.<a href="#cite_note-mmmumbaiproperty-338">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a> was home to 20,748,395 people by 2011.<a href="#cite_note-extended_UA_2011-11">[11]</a> Greater Mumbai, the area under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/MCGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MCGM">MCGM</a>, has a literacy rate of 94.7%, higher than the national average of 86.7%. The number of slum-dwellers in the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a> is estimated to be 90 lakh (9 million), up from 60 lakh (6 million) in 2001 which constitutes approximately 38.5% of the region.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a> in 2011 was 838 females per 1,000 males in the island city, 857 in the suburbs, and 848 as a whole in Greater Mumbai, all numbers lower than the national average of 914 females per 1,000 males. The low sex ratio is partly because of the large number of male migrants who come to the city to work.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast growing cities in <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a>: poverty and unemployment. With available land at a premium, Mumbai residents often reside in cramped, relatively expensive housing, usually far from workplaces, and therefore requiring long commutes on crowded mass transit, or clogged roadways. Many of them live close to bus or train stations, although suburban residents spend significant time travelling southward to the main commercial district.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, Asia's second largest <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slum</a> (if <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Orangi" title="Orangi">Orangi Town</a> is counted as a single slum)<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> is located in central Mumbai and houses between 800,000 and 10 lakh (one million) people<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> in 2.39 km2 (0.92 sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated areas on Earth<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a> with a population density of at least 334,728 inhabitants per square kilometre (866,940/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Town-346">[345]</a> The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 11.2 lakh (1.12 million), which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> The number of households in Mumbai is forecast to rise from 42 lakh (4.2 million) in 2008 to 66 lakh (6.6 million) in 2020. The number of households with annual incomes of 20 lakh (2 million) rupees will increase from 4% to 10% by 2020, amounting to 660,000 families. The number of households with incomes from 10 to 20 lakh (1–2 million) rupees is also estimated to increase from 4% to 15% by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> According to the 2016 report of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Central Pollution Control Board">Central Pollution Control Board</a>, Mumbai is the noisiest city in India, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_and_religions">Ethnic groups and religions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Maharashtra" title="Religion in Maharashtra">Religion in Maharashtra</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#FCD116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Greater Mumbai (2011)<a href="#cite_note-Religion-350">[349]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Maharashtra" title="Hinduism in Maharashtra">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:65.99%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">65.99%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Maharashtra" title="Islam in Maharashtra">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:20.65%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">20.65%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Buddhists" title="Marathi Buddhists">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:mediumblue; width:4.85%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.85%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Maharashtra" title="Jainism in Maharashtra">Jainism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:4.10%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.10%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Maharashtra" title="Christianity in Maharashtra">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:3.27%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.27%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkkhaki; width:0.49%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.65%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.65%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The religious groups represented in Greater Mumbai as of 2011 include <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> (65.99%), <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (20.65%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a> (4.85%), <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a> (4.10%), <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (3.27%) and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a> (0.49%).<a href="#cite_note-census2011-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> The linguistic/ethnic demographics in the Greater Mumbai Area are: <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrians">Maharashtrians</a> (32%), <a href="/wiki/Gujaratis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujaratis">Gujaratis</a> (20%), with the rest hailing from other parts of India.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> Native Christians include <a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">East Indian Catholics</a>, who were converted by the Portuguese during the 16th century,<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholics" title="Mangalorean Catholics">Mangalorean Catholics</a> also constitute a significant portion of the Christian community of the city.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mumbai" title="History of the Jews in Mumbai">Jews settled in Mumbai</a> during the 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israeli</a> Jewish community of Mumbai, who migrated from the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> villages, south of Mumbai, are believed to be the descendants of the Jews of Israel who were shipwrecked off the Konkan coast, probably in the year 175 BCE, during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> ruler, <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> Mumbai is also home to the largest population of <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsi</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrians</a> in the world,<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> numbering about 60,000, however their population is declining rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> Parsis migrated to India from <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a> in the seventh century.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> The oldest Muslim communities in Mumbai include the <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohras</a>, Ismaili <a href="/wiki/Khojas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojas">Khojas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption>Religious groups in Mumbai City (1872−2011)<a href="#cite_note-BombayCity1872to1941-364">[b]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religious</a> group </th> <th colspan="2">1872<a href="#cite_note-Census1872-365">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1872B-366">[364]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1881<a href="#cite_note-Census1881-361">[360]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1891<a href="#cite_note-Census1891-367">[365]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1901<a href="#cite_note-Census1901-368">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1901B-369">[367]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1911<a href="#cite_note-Census1911-370">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1911B-371">[369]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1921<a href="#cite_note-Census1921-372">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1921B-362">[361]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1931<a href="#cite_note-Census1931-373">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census1931B-374">[372]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<a href="#cite_note-Census1941-363">[362]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<a href="#cite_note-Religion-350">[349]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td> <td>408,680 </td> <td>63.42% </td> <td>502,851 </td> <td>65.04% </td> <td>543,276 </td> <td>66.11% </td> <td>508,608 </td> <td>65.54% </td> <td>664,048 </td> <td>67.8% </td> <td>837,690 </td> <td>71.24% </td> <td>859,691 </td> <td>67.55% </td> <td>1,180,812 </td> <td>67.82% </td> <td>8,210,894 </td> <td>65.99% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a> </td> <td>138,815 </td> <td>21.54% </td> <td>158,713 </td> <td>20.53% </td> <td>155,257 </td> <td>18.89% </td> <td>155,747 </td> <td>20.07% </td> <td>179,346 </td> <td>18.31% </td> <td>184,685 </td> <td>15.71% </td> <td>226,881 </td> <td>17.83% </td> <td>280,618 </td> <td>16.12% </td> <td>2,568,961 </td> <td>20.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td>44,091 </td> <td>6.84% </td> <td>48,597 </td> <td>6.29% </td> <td>47,458 </td> <td>5.78% </td> <td>46,231 </td> <td>5.96% </td> <td>50,931 </td> <td>5.2% </td> <td>52,234 </td> <td>4.44% </td> <td>60,641 </td> <td>4.77% </td> <td>63,757 </td> <td>3.66% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a> </td> <td>34,724 </td> <td>5.39% </td> <td>42,327 </td> <td>5.47% </td> <td>45,310 </td> <td>5.51% </td> <td>45,176 </td> <td>5.82% </td> <td>57,355 </td> <td>5.86% </td> <td>68,169 </td> <td>5.8% </td> <td>99,936 </td> <td>7.85% </td> <td>137,198 </td> <td>7.88% </td> <td>407,031 </td> <td>3.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/23px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a> </td> <td>15,121 </td> <td>2.35% </td> <td>17,218 </td> <td>2.23% </td> <td>25,225 </td> <td>3.07% </td> <td>14,248 </td> <td>1.84% </td> <td>20,460 </td> <td>2.09% </td> <td>23,884 </td> <td>2.03% </td> <td>13,545 </td> <td>1.06% </td> <td>38,571 </td> <td>2.22% </td> <td>509,639 </td> <td>4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a> </td> <td>2,669 </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td>3,321 </td> <td>0.43% </td> <td>5,021 </td> <td>0.61% </td> <td>5,357 </td> <td>0.69% </td> <td>6,597 </td> <td>0.67% </td> <td>7,548 </td> <td>0.64% </td> <td>8,926 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>10,849 </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a> </td> <td>305 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>169 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>395 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>578 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>1,645 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>1,640 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>919 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>603,825 </td> <td>4.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>88 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>107 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,185 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>2,786 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>60,759 </td> <td>0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribal </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>48 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>18,496 </td> <td>1.06% </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>227 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>153 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>127 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>7,024 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>81,264 </td> <td>0.65% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>644,405 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>773,196 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>821,764 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>776,006 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>979,445 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,175,914 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>1,272,587 </th> <th>109.58% </th> <th>1,741,030 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>12,442,373 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 277.7606853915px; border-left-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 232.28667417117px; border-left-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 192.95252557818px; border-left-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 153.91591322927px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 124.65980485009px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 100.63030075254px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 79.600600118136px; border-left-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 57.707105026836px; border-left-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:98.121193449322px 19.293299253387px 0 0; border-top-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:59.689723245542px 80.231770134222px 0 0; border-top-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 76.566454547802px 100px 0; border-right-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages in Mumbai (2011)<a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-375">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[375]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (35.40%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (24.78%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (11.73%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> (11.42%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (2.37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> (1.85%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> (1.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (1.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (1.56%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (1.14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (0.97%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (5.50%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 8696.6081481046px; border-left-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7471.616944474px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4048.9209682949px; border-left-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2084.3118638989px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 930.98685019425px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 457.76615304818px; border-left-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 265.49963779107px; border-left-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 112.42702815563px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7.80695276928px; border-left-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:21.875638488241px 97.57795058686px 0 0; border-top-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages in Bombay City and Aden (1891).<a href="#cite_note-378">[376]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (53.51%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> (22.73%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (12.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kacchi</a> (5.837%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (including Goan) (2.31%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> (1.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (0.94%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> (0.37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> (0.18%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a> (0.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (0.19%)</div> </div> </div></div> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> is the official and working language of the bureaucracy along with <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Mumbai has a large polyglot population like all other <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Indian_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of Indian cities">metropolitan cities</a> of India. Sixteen major <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">languages of India</a> are spoken in Mumbai, with the most common being <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> and its dialect <a href="/wiki/East_Indian_language" title="East Indian language">East Indian</a>. Marathi, and its dialect, as a single language is spoken by 35.30% of the population around 4,396,870 people.<a href="#cite_note-379">[377]</a> Hindi is spoken by 25.90% of the population around 3,582,719 people, making it the second largest dominant language in Mumbai. Many Hindi speakers are workers from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar who migrate seasonally to Mumbai to work as labourers. <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> are spoken by 11.73% and 11.45% respectively.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-375">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-380">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[379]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> are other minority languages spoken by a significant number of people in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-375">[373]</a> English is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the city's <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">white collar</a> workforce. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Bambaiya</a> – a blend of Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a> and some invented words – is spoken on the streets.<a href="#cite_note-382">[380]</a> In the Suburbs, Marathi is spoken by 36.78% of the population and <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> by 31.21%.<a href="#cite_note-383">[381]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Mumbai#Schools" title="List of educational institutions in Mumbai">List of educational institutions in Mumbai § Schools</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Mumbai" title="List of colleges in Mumbai">List of colleges in Mumbai</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3></div> Schools in Mumbai are either "municipal schools" (run by the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_Greater_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai">MCGM</a>) or private schools (run by trusts or individuals), which in some cases receive financial aid from the government.<a href="#cite_note-384">[382]</a> The schools are affiliated with either of the following boards: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_State_Secondary_and_Higher_Secondary_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtra State Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board">Maharashtra State Board</a> (MSBSHSE)</li> <li>The All-India <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (CISCE)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open Schooling</a> (NIOS)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board for Secondary Education</a> (CBSE)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> (IB)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="International General Certificate of Secondary Education">International General Certificate of Secondary Education</a> (IGCSE).<a href="#cite_note-385">[383]</a> Marathi or English is the usual language of instruction.<a href="#cite_note-386">[384]</a></li></ul> The primary education system of the MCGM is the largest urban primary education system in Asia. The MCGM operates 1,188 primary schools imparting primary education to 485,531 students in eight languages (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>). The MCGM also imparts secondary education to 55,576 students through its 49 secondary schools.<a href="#cite_note-387">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> Under the <a href="/wiki/10%2B2%2B3_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="10+2+3 plan">10+2+3/4 plan</a>, students complete ten years of schooling and then enroll for two years in <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior college</a>, where they select one of three streams: arts, commerce, or science.<a href="#cite_note-388">[386]</a> This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-389">[387]</a> Most colleges in the city are affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a>, one of the largest universities in the world in terms of the number of graduates.<a href="#cite_note-390">[388]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a> is one of the premier<a href="#cite_note-intoday1-391">[389]</a> universities in India. It was ranked 41 among the Top 50 Engineering Schools of the world by America's news broadcasting firm <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> in 2012 and was the only university in the list from the five emerging <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> nations viz <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, India, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Business_Insider-392">[390]</a> Moreover, the University of Mumbai was ranked 5th in the list of best universities in India by <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a> in 2013<a href="#cite_note-393">[391]</a> and ranked at 62 in the QS BRICS University rankings for 2013, a ranking of leading universities in the five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).<a href="#cite_note-topuniversities.com-394">[392]</a> Its strongest scores in the <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS University Rankings</a>: BRICS are for papers per faculty (8th), employer reputation (20th) and citations per paper (28th).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-395">[393]</a> It was ranked 10th among the top Universities of India by QS in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-395">[393]</a> With 7 of the top ten Indian Universities being purely science and technology universities, it was India's 3rd best <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">Multi Disciplinary</a> University in the QS University ranking.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-395">[393]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IIT_Bombay" title="IIT Bombay">Indian Institute of Technology Bombay</a> (IIT Bombay), Mumbai,<a href="#cite_note-396">[394]</a> <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Institute of Chemical Technology">Institute of Chemical Technology</a> (formerly UDCT / UICT),<a href="#cite_note-397">[395]</a> <a href="/wiki/VJTI" class="mw-redirect" title="VJTI">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute</a> (VJTI),<a href="#cite_note-398">[396]</a> which are India's premier engineering and technology schools, along with <a href="/wiki/SNDT_Women%27s_University" title="SNDT Women's University">SNDT Women's University</a> are the autonomous universities located in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-399">[397]</a> In April 2015, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay">IIT Bombay</a> launched the first U.S.-India joint EMBA program alongside <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[398]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thadomal_Shahani_Engineering_College" title="Thadomal Shahani Engineering College">Thadomal Shahani Engineering College</a> is the first and the oldest private engineering college affiliated to the federal <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a> and is also pioneered to be the first institute in the city's university to offer undergraduate level courses in <a href="/wiki/Computer_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Engineering">Computer Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-401">[399]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Medical College">Grant Medical College</a> established in 1845 and <a href="/wiki/Seth_G.S._Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Seth G.S. Medical College">Seth G.S. Medical College</a> are the leading medical institutes affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Grant_Medical_College_and_Sir_Jamshedjee_Jeejeebhoy_Group_of_Hospitals" title="Grant Medical College and Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals">Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals</a> and <a href="/wiki/KEM_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="KEM Hospital">KEM Hospital</a> respectively. Mumbai is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Mumbai" title="Indian Institute of Management Mumbai">IIM Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj_Institute_of_Management_Studies" title="Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies">Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies</a> (JBIMS), <a href="/wiki/Narsee_Monjee_Institute_of_Management_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies">Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies</a> (NMIMS), <a href="/wiki/S_P_Jain_Institute_of_Management_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="S P Jain Institute of Management and Research">S P Jain Institute of Management and Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences</a> (TISS) and several other management schools.<a href="#cite_note-402">[400]</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Mumbai" title="Government Law College, Mumbai">Government Law College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydenham_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydenham College">Sydenham College</a>, respectively the oldest law and commerce colleges in India, are based in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-403">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[402]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sir_J._J._School_of_Art" title="Sir J. J. School of Art">Sir J. J. School of Art</a> is Mumbai's oldest art institution.<a href="#cite_note-405">[403]</a> It also has one of the best law schools or universities of the country which is <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_National_Law_University,_Mumbai" title="Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai">National Law Universities</a> (NLU). Mumbai is home to two prominent research institutions: the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">Tata Institute of Fundamental Research</a> (TIFR), and the <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a> (BARC).<a href="#cite_note-406">[404]</a> The BARC operates <a href="/wiki/CIRUS" class="mw-redirect" title="CIRUS">CIRUS</a>, a 40 MW nuclear research reactor at their facility in <a href="/wiki/Trombay" title="Trombay">Trombay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-407">[405]</a> Mumbai Veterinary College is the oldest and premier Veterinary College of India and Asia, established in 1886. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="University of Mumbai is one of the largest universities in the world.[406]"><img alt="University of Mumbai is one of the largest universities in the world.[406]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg/200px-University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg/300px-University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg/400px-University_Mumbai_convoc_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a> is one of the largest universities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-408">[406]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rajabai Clock Tower at the University of Mumbai is part of The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble, a UNESCO World Heritage Site."><img alt="Rajabai Clock Tower at the University of Mumbai is part of The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble, a UNESCO World Heritage Site." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/125px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/187px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg/250px-Mumbai_03-2016_39_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="5472" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rajabai_Clock_Tower" title="Rajabai Clock Tower">Rajabai Clock Tower</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a> is part of <a href="/wiki/The_Victorian_and_Art_Deco_Ensemble_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai">The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay is a premier engineering institute in the country."><img alt="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay is a premier engineering institute in the country." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg/200px-IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg/300px-IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg/400px-IITBMainBuildingCROP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bombay">Indian Institute of Technology Bombay</a> is a premier engineering institute in the country.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai culture">Mumbai culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white building with a triangular façade and wide stairs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/220px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/330px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg/440px-Mumbai_03-2016_70_Asiatic_Society_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4817" data-file-height="3211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai" title="The Asiatic Society of Mumbai">The Asiatic Society of Mumbai</a> is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a> in the city.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chowpatti_Beach_(Girgaum_Chowpatty).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/220px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/330px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg/440px-Chowpatti_Beach_%28Girgaum_Chowpatty%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Girgaum_Chowpatty" class="mw-redirect" title="Girgaum Chowpatty">Girgaum Chowpatty</a> beach. Beaches are a popular tourist attraction in the city.</figcaption></figure> Mumbai's culture offers a blend of traditional and cosmopolitan festivals, food, entertainment, and night life. The city's cosmopolitan and urban-centric modern cultural offerings are comparable to other world capitals. Mumbai bears the distinction of being the most cosmopolitan city of India. Its history as a major trading centre and the expansion of an educated middle class has led to a diverse range of cultures, religions, and cuisines coexisting in the city. The variety and abundance of restaurants, cinemas, theatres, sports events and museums are a product of Mumbai's unique cosmopolitan culture.<a href="#cite_note-409">[407]</a> Mumbai is the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cinema">Indian cinema</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[408]</a>—<a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke" title="Dadasaheb Phalke">Dadasaheb Phalke</a> laid the foundations with silent movies followed by <a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi talkies</a>—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-411">[409]</a> Mumbai also has a large number of cinema halls that feature Bollywood, Marathi and Hollywood movies. The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_International_Film_Festival" title="Mumbai International Film Festival">Mumbai International Film Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[410]</a> and the award ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>, the oldest and prominent film awards given for Hindi film industry in India, are held in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-413">[411]</a> Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages.<a href="#cite_note-multitheater-414">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-415">[413]</a> Contemporary art is featured in both government-funded art spaces and private commercial galleries. The government-funded institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Jehangir_Art_Gallery" title="Jehangir Art Gallery">Jehangir Art Gallery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art" title="National Gallery of Modern Art">National Gallery of Modern Art</a>. Built in 1833, the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic Society of Bombay">Asiatic Society of Mumbai</a> is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-416">[414]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya</a> (formerly The Prince of Wales Museum) is a renowned museum in <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a> which houses rare ancient exhibits of Indian history.<a href="#cite_note-417">[415]</a> Mumbai has a zoo named <a href="/wiki/Jijamata_Udyaan" title="Jijamata Udyaan">Jijamata Udyaan</a> (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbour's a garden. The rich literary traditions of the city have been highlighted internationally by <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> winners <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aravind_Adiga" title="Aravind Adiga">Aravind Adiga</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a> has been modernised in the works of Mumbai-based authors such as Mohan Apte, <a href="/wiki/Anant_Kanekar" title="Anant Kanekar">Anant Kanekar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Gadgil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangadhar Gadgil">Gangadhar Gadgil</a>, and is promoted through an annual <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi_Award" title="Sahitya Akademi Award">Sahitya Akademi Award</a>, a literary honour bestowed by India's <a href="/wiki/Sahitya_Akademi" title="Sahitya Akademi">National Academy of Letters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-418">[416]</a> Mumbai residents celebrate both Western and <a href="/wiki/Indian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian festivals">Indian festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a> is the biggest and most important festival of Mumbai, There are almost 5000 <a href="/wiki/Ganpati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganpati">Ganpati</a> Pandals set up in the city for the celebrations. Other festivals like <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rakshabandhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakshabandhan">Rakshabandhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Navrati">Dussera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holidays">Eid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Navami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Navami">Ram Navami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Jayanti" title="Shiv Jayanti">Shiv Jayanti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Shivratri">Maha Shivratri</a> are some of the popular festivals in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Kala_Ghoda_Arts_Festival" title="Kala Ghoda Arts Festival">Kala Ghoda Arts Festival</a> is an exhibition of a world of arts that encapsulates works of artists in the fields of music, dance, theatre and films.<a href="#cite_note-419">[417]</a> The Banganga Festival is a two-day music festival, held annually in the month of January, which is organised by the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Tourism_Development_Corporation" title="Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation">Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation</a> (MTDC) at the historic <a href="/wiki/Banganga_Tank" title="Banganga Tank">Banganga Tank</a> in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-MTDCpullout-420">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTDCBanganga-421">[419]</a> The Elephanta Festival—celebrated every February on the <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Island" title="Elephanta Island">Elephanta Islands</a>—is dedicated to classical Indian dance and music and attracts performers from across the country.<a href="#cite_note-MTDCpullout-420">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTDCElephanta-422">[420]</a> Public holidays specific to the city and the state include <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Day" title="Maharashtra Day">Maharashtra Day</a> on 1 May, to celebrate the formation of Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960,<a href="#cite_note-423">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[422]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> which is the New Year's Day for <a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mumbai_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mumbai beaches">Beaches</a> are a major tourist attraction in the city. The major beaches in Mumbai are <a href="/wiki/Girgaum_Chowpatty" class="mw-redirect" title="Girgaum Chowpatty">Girgaum Chowpatty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juhu_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Juhu Beach">Juhu Beach</a>, Dadar Chowpatty, Gorai Beach, <a href="/wiki/Marve_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Marve Beach">Marve Beach</a>, Versova Beach, Madh Beach, <a href="/wiki/Aksa_Beach" title="Aksa Beach">Aksa Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manori" title="Manori">Manori</a> Beach.<a href="#cite_note-425">[423]</a> Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach.<a href="#cite_note-426">[424]</a> Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,<a href="#cite_note-427">[425]</a> and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-428">[426]</a> <a href="/wiki/Adlabs_Imagica" class="mw-redirect" title="Adlabs Imagica">Adlabs Imagica</a> opened in April 2013 is located near the city of Khopoli off the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai-Pune_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai-Pune Expressway">Mumbai-Pune Expressway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-founderimagica-429">[427]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mumbai" title="Architecture of Mumbai">Architecture of Mumbai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heritage_structures_in_Mumbai" title="Heritage structures in Mumbai">Heritage structures in Mumbai</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg/380px-Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg" decoding="async" width="380" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg/570px-Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg/760px-Mumbaicityskyline.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption> The skyline of <a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadar" title="Dadar">Dadar</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a>.</figcaption></figure> The architecture of the city is a blend of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic">Indo-Saracenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, and other contemporary styles. Most of the buildings during the British period, such as the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Terminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Terminus">Victoria Terminus</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a>, were built in Gothic Revival style.<a href="#cite_note-430">[428]</a> Their architectural features include a variety of European influences such as German gables, Dutch roofs, Swiss timbering, Romance arches, Tudor casements, and traditional Indian features.<a href="#cite_note-Profile-431">[429]</a> There are also a few Indo-Saracenic styled buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-432">[430]</a> Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along <a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a> and west of the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Maidan" title="Oval Maidan">Oval Maidan</a>. Mumbai has the second highest number of Art Deco buildings in the world after <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. Mumbai has by far the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Skyscrapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyscrapers">skyscrapers</a> in India, with 956 existing <a href="/wiki/Skyscrapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyscrapers">skyscrapers</a> and 272 under construction as of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&action=edit">[update]</a>. The Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC), established in 1995, formulates special regulations and by-laws to assist in the conservation of the city's heritage structures. Mumbai has three <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the <a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Victorian_and_Art_Deco_Ensemble_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai">Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-433">[431]</a> In the south of Mumbai, there are colonial-era buildings and Soviet-style offices.<a href="#cite_note-economist-434">[432]</a> In the east are factories and some slums. On the West coast are former-textile mills being demolished and skyscrapers built on top. There are 237 buildings taller than 100 m (330 ft), compared with 327 in Shanghai and 855 in New York.<a href="#cite_note-435">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-434">[432]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An aerial view of the skyline of South Mumbai."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg/600px-F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg/900px-F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg/1200px-F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="955" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg" title="File:F7xZ48abwAAgNst.jpg"> </a></div>An aerial view of the skyline of <a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a>.</div></div></div> Mumbai's cityscape consists of a variety of tall buildings and structures, most of which have been built in the last two decades. There was a significant lull in construction projects since the mid-1990s after which construction projects began taking the skyline upwards, with a major acceleration in the pace of development since 2000, when the <a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel">Lower Parel</a> area began developing.<a href="#cite_note-436">[434]</a> Mumbai with a commanding 77% share of tall buildings in India, is poised to maintain its position as the frontrunner in tall building construction due to its ability to command premium prices compared to other cities, thereby ensuring the economic viability of such developments within the city.<a href="#cite_note-437">[435]</a> Mumbai has more residential tall buildings rather than commercial, unlike the trend globally. Limited land resources and an exponential increase in urban population were the primary reasons for Mumbai's vertical growth compared to other Tier 1 Indian cities.<a href="#cite_note-438">[436]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ketan_Kadam#Career" title="Ketan Kadam">Ketan Kadam § Career</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Street food of Mumbai</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Street_food_of_Mumbai&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_(221).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg/220px-Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg/330px-Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg/440px-Indian_folk_Cuisine_Images_%28221%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a> in Mumbai.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Street food of Mumbai</a> is the food sold by hawkers from portable market stalls in Mumbai. It is one of the characteristics of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_jg07-439">[437]</a> The city is known for its distinctive <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street foods</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_da04-440">[438]</a> Although street food is common all over India, street food in Mumbai is noted because people from all <a href="/wiki/Economic_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic class">economic classes</a> eat on the roadside almost round the clock and it is sometimes felt that the taste of street food is better than restaurants in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_nyt09-441">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_td10-442">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_dnaj09a-443">[441]</a> Many Mumbaikars like a small snack on the road in the evening.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_cnna09-444">[442]</a> People of Mumbai cutting across barriers of class, religion, gender and ethnicity are passionate about street food.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_jsa08-445">[443]</a> Street food vendors are credited by some for developing the city's <a href="/wiki/Food_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Food culture">food culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_dc11-446">[444]</a> Street food in Mumbai is relatively inexpensive as compared to restaurants and vendors tend to be clustered around crowded areas such as colleges and railway stations.<a href="#cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_nyt09-441">[439]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mumbai_radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mumbai radio stations">List of Mumbai radio stations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Film_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Film_City.jpg/220px-Film_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Film_City.jpg/330px-Film_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Film_City.jpg/440px-Film_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Plaque at <a href="/wiki/Film_City,_Mumbai" title="Film City, Mumbai">Film City</a> entrance</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, the Hindi film industry based in Mumbai, produces around 150–200 films every year.<a href="#cite_note-447">[445]</a> The name Bollywood is a blend of Bombay and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-448">[446]</a> The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity overseas. This led filmmaking to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography and innovative story lines as well as technical advances such as special effects and animation.<a href="#cite_note-449">[447]</a> Studios in Goregaon, including <a href="/wiki/Film_City,_Mumbai" title="Film City, Mumbai">Film City</a>, are the location for most movie sets.<a href="#cite_note-450">[448]</a> The city also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi film industry</a> which has seen increased popularity in recent years, and TV production companies. Mumbai is a hub of Indian film making. Several other Indian language films such as <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> are also occasionally shot in Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a>, an <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> British film, was shot entirely in Mumbai and has garnered 8 Oscar awards. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Times_of_India_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/220px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/330px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Times_of_India_Building.jpg/440px-Times_of_India_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>'s first office is opposite the <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a> where it was founded.<a href="#cite_note-televisionpoint2006-451">[449]</a></figcaption></figure> Mumbai has numerous <a href="/wiki/Indian_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian newspapers">newspaper</a> publications, television and radio stations. Marathi dailies enjoy the maximum readership share in the city and the top <a href="/wiki/Marathi-language_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi-language newspapers">Marathi language newspapers</a> are <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Times" title="Maharashtra Times">Maharashtra Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nava_Kaal" title="Nava Kaal">Navakaal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokmat" title="Lokmat">Lokmat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loksatta_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loksatta (newspaper)">Loksatta</a>, Mumbai Chaufer, <a href="/wiki/Saamana" title="Saamana">Saamana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakaal">Sakaal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-452">[450]</a> Popular Marathi language magazines are Saptahik Sakaal, Grihashobhika, Lokrajya, Lokprabha and Chitralekha.<a href="#cite_note-453">[451]</a> Popular English language newspapers published and sold in Mumbai include <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiD_DAY" class="mw-redirect" title="MiD DAY">Mid-day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/DNA_India" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA India">DNA India</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. Newspapers are also printed in other Indian languages.<a href="#cite_note-454">[452]</a> Mumbai is home to Asia's oldest newspaper, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Samachar" title="Bombay Samachar">Bombay Samachar</a>, which has been published in Gujarati since 1822.<a href="#cite_note-455">[453]</a> Bombay Durpan, the first Marathi newspaper, was started by <a href="/wiki/Balshastri_Jambhekar" title="Balshastri Jambhekar">Balshastri Jambhekar</a> in 1832.<a href="#cite_note-PubliclifeMSG-456">[454]</a> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Indian</a> and international television channels can be watched in Mumbai through one of the <a href="/wiki/Pay-tv" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay-tv">Pay TV</a> companies or the local cable television providers. The metropolis is also the hub of many international media corporations, with many news channels and print publications having a major presence. The national television broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>, provides two free terrestrial channels, while three main cable networks serve most households.<a href="#cite_note-457">[455]</a> The wide range of cable channels available includes <a href="/wiki/Zee_Marathi" title="Zee Marathi">Zee Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Talkies" class="mw-redirect" title="Zee Talkies">Zee Talkies</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETV_Marathi" class="mw-redirect" title="ETV Marathi">ETV Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Pravah" title="Star Pravah">Star Pravah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi_Marathi" title="Mi Marathi">Mi Marathi</a>, DD Sahyadri (<a href="/wiki/Marathi_language_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathi language television">All Marathi channels</a>), news channels such as <a href="/wiki/ABP_Majha" title="ABP Majha">ABP Majha</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBN-Lokmat" class="mw-redirect" title="IBN-Lokmat">IBN-Lokmat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_24_Taas" class="mw-redirect" title="Zee 24 Taas">Zee 24 Taas</a>, sports channels like <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Sports_(Indian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Sports (Indian TV network)">Star Sports</a>, National entertainment channels like <a href="/wiki/Colors_TV" title="Colors TV">Colors TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Entertainment Television (India)">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Plus">Star Plus</a>, business news channels like <a href="/wiki/CNBC_Awaaz" title="CNBC Awaaz">CNBC Awaaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Zee Business">Zee Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/ET_Now" title="ET Now">ET Now</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_UTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg UTV">Bloomberg UTV</a>. News channels entirely dedicated to Mumbai include Sahara Samay Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Zing_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zing (TV channel)">Zing</a> a popular Bollywood gossip channel is also based out of Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct broadcast satellite">Satellite television</a> (DTH) has yet to gain mass acceptance, due to high installation costs.<a href="#cite_note-458">[456]</a> Prominent DTH entertainment services in Mumbai include <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-459">[457]</a> There are twelve radio stations in Mumbai, with nine broadcasting on the <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> band, and three <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> stations broadcasting on the <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> band.<a href="#cite_note-460">[458]</a> Mumbai also has access to <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial radio</a> providers such as <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Conditional_Access_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditional Access System">Conditional Access System</a> (CAS) started by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union Government</a> in 2006 met a poor response in Mumbai due to competition from its sister technology <a href="/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct broadcast satellite">Direct-to-Home</a> (DTH) transmission service.<a href="#cite_note-461">[459]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wankhede_Stadium_Feb2011.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg/220px-Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg/330px-Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg/440px-Wankhede_ICC_WCF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">33,000<a href="#cite_note-462">[460]</a> people can be accommodated in the <a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wug0reym7cv91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wug0reym7cv91.jpg/220px-Wug0reym7cv91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wug0reym7cv91.jpg/330px-Wug0reym7cv91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wug0reym7cv91.jpg/440px-Wug0reym7cv91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Football_Arena" title="Mumbai Football Arena">Mumbai Football Arena</a></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is more popular than any other sport in Mumbai. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Board of Control for Cricket in India">Board of Control for Cricket in India</a> (BCCI)<a href="#cite_note-463">[461]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> (IPL).<a href="#cite_note-464">[462]</a> Mumbai's <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> team <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_cricket_team" title="Mumbai cricket team">Mumbai cricket team</a> has won 41 <a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> titles, the most by any team.<a href="#cite_note-465">[463]</a> The city based <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Indians" title="Mumbai Indians">Mumbai Indians</a> compete in the Indian Premier League. Mumbai has two international cricket stadiums, the <a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a>. The first cricket test match in India was played in Mumbai at the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Gymkhana" title="Bombay Gymkhana">Bombay Gymkhana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-466">[464]</a> The biggest cricketing event to be staged in the city so far is the <a href="/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Cricket World Cup Final">final</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2011_ICC_Cricket_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 ICC Cricket World Cup">2011 ICC Cricket World Cup</a> which was played at the Wankhede Stadium. Mumbai and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> are the only two cities to have hosted both a World Cup final and the <a href="/wiki/2006_ICC_Champions_Trophy_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 ICC Champions Trophy Final">final</a> of an <a href="/wiki/ICC_Champions_Trophy" title="ICC Champions Trophy">ICC Champions Trophy</a> which was played at the <a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/2006_ICC_Champions_Trophy" title="2006 ICC Champions Trophy">2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TSMH-467">[465]</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is another popular sport in the city, with the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> and the English <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> being followed widely.<a href="#cite_note-468">[466]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_FC" title="Mumbai City FC">Mumbai City FC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> (ISL) play their home matches at the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Football_Arena" title="Mumbai Football Arena">Mumbai Football Arena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-469">[467]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/I-League_2" title="I-League 2">I-League 2</a> club <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Kenkre_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai Kenkre FC">Mumbai Kenkre FC</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Cooperage_Ground" title="Cooperage Ground">Cooperage Ground</a> as home ground.<a href="#cite_note-470">[468]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Elite_Football_League_of_India" title="Elite Football League of India">Elite Football League of India</a> was introduced in August 2011, Mumbai was noted as one of eight cities to be awarded a team for the inaugural season. Mumbai's first professional <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Franchise_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franchise (sports)">franchise</a>,<a href="#cite_note-471">[469]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Gladiators" title="Mumbai Gladiators">Mumbai Gladiators</a>, played its first season, in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, in late 2012.<a href="#cite_note-472">[470]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>, Mumbai is home to the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marines" title="Mumbai Marines">Mumbai Marines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Magicians" title="Mumbai Magicians">Mumbai Magicians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World_Series_Hockey" title="World Series Hockey">World Series Hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hockey_India_League" title="Hockey India League">Hockey India League</a> respectively. Matches in the city are played at the <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Hockey_Stadium" title="Mahindra Hockey Stadium">Mahindra Hockey Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-marines-473">[471]</a><a href="#cite_note-magicians-474">[472]</a> The Indian Badminton League (IBL), now known as the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Badminton_League" title="Premier Badminton League">Premier Badminton League</a> is also visiting Mumbai since its inaugural edition in 2013 when the final was held in Mumbai's <a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Club_of_India" title="National Sports Club of India">National Sports Club of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[473]</a> In the second season, the final of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Premier_Badminton_League" title="2016 Premier Badminton League">2016 Premier Badminton League</a> was held between home-squad <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Rockets" title="Mumbai Rockets">Mumbai Rockets</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Dashers" title="Delhi Dashers">Delhi Dashers</a> (formerly Delhi Acers), the visitors eventually claiming the title. The opening ceremony was also held in Mumbai while the finals in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-476">[474]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2017_Premier_Badminton_League" title="2017 Premier Badminton League">2017 Premier Badminton League</a> (also known as Vodafone PBL 2017 for sponsorship reasons) the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Rockets" title="Mumbai Rockets">Mumbai Rockets</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[475]</a> beat the <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Hunters_(Badminton_team)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad Hunters (Badminton team)">Hyderabad Hunters</a> 3–1 to proceed to the final. In the final they lost 3–4 to the <a href="/wiki/Chennai_Smashers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Smashers">Chennai Smashers</a>. <a href="/wiki/U_Mumba" title="U Mumba">U Mumba</a> is the team representing Mumbai in the country's professional <a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a> league, <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro Kabaddi">Pro Kabaddi</a>. The Mumbai Leg of <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi</a> is held at the NSCI, Worli. <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> is another growing sport in Mumbai with league matches being held at the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Gymkhana" title="Bombay Gymkhana">Bombay Gymkhana</a> from June to November.<a href="#cite_note-rugbyhost-478">[476]</a> Every February, Mumbai holds <a href="/wiki/Derby_(horse_race)" title="Derby (horse race)">derby</a> races at the <a href="/wiki/Mahalaxmi_Racecourse" title="Mahalaxmi Racecourse">Mahalaxmi Racecourse</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Breweries_Group" title="United Breweries Group">Mcdowell's</a> Derby is also held in February at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Western_India_Turf_Club" title="Royal Western India Turf Club">Turf Club</a> in Mumbai.<a href="#cite_note-479">[477]</a> In March 2004, the Mumbai Grand Prix was part of the <a href="/wiki/F1_Powerboat_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="F1 Powerboat Racing">F1 powerboat world championship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-480">[478]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Force_India" title="Force India">Force India</a> F1 team car was unveiled in the city, in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-481">[479]</a> In 2004, the annual <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marathon" title="Mumbai Marathon">Mumbai Marathon</a> was established as a part of "<a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Race_on_Earth" title="The Greatest Race on Earth">The Greatest Race on Earth</a>". Mumbai had also played host to the <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_Airlines_Tennis_Open" title="Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open">Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open</a>, an <a href="/wiki/International_Series_Tournaments" class="mw-redirect" title="International Series Tournaments">International Series</a> tournament of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Tennis_Professionals" title="Association of Tennis Professionals">ATP World Tour</a>, in 2006 and 2007.<a href="#cite_note-482">[480]</a> Mumbai will host the <a href="/wiki/140th_IOC_Session" class="mw-redirect" title="140th IOC Session">140th IOC Session</a> in 2023. Regional and professional sports teams from Mumbai <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team/Club </th> <th>Tournament/League </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Established </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_cricket_team" title="Mumbai cricket team">Mumbai cricket team</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Hazare_Trophy" title="Vijay Hazare Trophy">Vijay Hazare Trophy</a> <a href="/wiki/Syed_Mushtaq_Ali_Trophy" title="Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy">Syed Musthaq Ali Trophy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a> <a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a> </td> <td>1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_football_team" title="Maharashtra football team">Maharashtra football team</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Trophy" title="Santosh Trophy">Santosh Trophy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Indians" title="Mumbai Indians">Mumbai Indians</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a> <a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a> </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marines" title="Mumbai Marines">Mumbai Marines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Series_Hockey" title="World Series Hockey">World Series Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Hockey_Stadium" title="Mahindra Hockey Stadium">Mahindra Hockey Stadium</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Gladiators" title="Mumbai Gladiators">Mumbai Gladiators</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elite_Football_League_of_India" title="Elite Football League of India">Elite Football League of India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Magicians" title="Mumbai Magicians">Mumbai Magicians</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hockey_India_League" title="Hockey India League">Hockey India League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Hockey_Stadium" title="Mahindra Hockey Stadium">Mahindra Hockey Stadium</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Rockets" title="Mumbai Rockets">Mumbai Rockets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_Badminton_League" title="Premier Badminton League">Premier Badminton League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Club_of_India" title="National Sports Club of India">National Sports Club of India</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_FC" title="Mumbai City FC">Mumbai City FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Football_Arena" title="Mumbai Football Arena">Mumbai Football Arena</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/U_Mumba" title="U Mumba">U Mumba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_Indoor_Stadium" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Tennis_Masters" title="Mumbai Tennis Masters">Mumbai Tennis Masters</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Champions_Tennis_League" title="Champions Tennis League">Champions Tennis League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalina_Stadium" title="Kalina Stadium">Kalina Stadium</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Challengers" title="Mumbai Challengers">Mumbai Challengers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UBA_Pro_Basketball_League" title="UBA Pro Basketball League">UBA Pro Basketball League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>2015 </td></tr></tbody></table> Former regional and professional sports teams from Mumbai <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Team/Club </th> <th>Tournament/League </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Established </th> <th>Ceased </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mumbai Champs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Cricket_League" title="Indian Cricket League">Indian Cricket League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>2007 </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Masters" title="Mumbai Masters">Mumbai Masters</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_Badminton_League" title="Premier Badminton League">Premier Badminton League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Club_of_India" title="National Sports Club of India">National Sports Club of India</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_FC" title="Mumbai FC">Mumbai FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I-League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3></div> Source: Hindustan Times<a href="#cite_note-483">[481]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, Madagascar</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, U.S.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, U.S.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nadi" title="Nadi">Nadi</a>, Fiji</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, Germany</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, Japan</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mumbai" title="Geology of Mumbai">Geology of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Mumbai" title="List of tallest buildings in Mumbai">List of tallest buildings in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Mumbai" title="List of people from Mumbai">List of people from Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_India" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in India">List of twin towns and sister cities in India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> This statistic is based on an article from The Economic Times.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> However, according to the Hurun Research Institute, Forbes says that <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> has the most billionaires in Asia, while the World's Wealthiest Cities Report 2023 states that Beijing has the most number of Asian billionaires. </li> <li id="cite_note-BombayCity1872to1941-364"><a href="#cite_ref-BombayCity1872to1941_364-0">^</a> 1872-1881: Data for the entirety of the town of Bombay, which included the city and island of Bombay.<a href="#cite_note-Census1881-361">[360]</a> 1891-1921: Data for the entirety of the town of Bombay, which included Bombay Municipality.<a href="#cite_note-Census1921B-362">[361]</a> 1931-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Bombay, which included Bombay Municipality and Bombay Suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-Census1941-363">[362]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026175045/http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/physical/geo/7islands.html">"The Seven Islands"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+Corporation%2C+Historical+Milestones&rft.place=Mumbai&rft.pub=Municipal+Corporation+of+Greater+Mumbai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%2Fqlhismilestone%3Fguest_user%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Cities1Lakhandabove_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">"Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above"</a> (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provisional+Population+Totals%2C+Census+of+India+2011%3B+Cities+having+population+1+lakh+and+above&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fpaper2%2Fdata_files%2FIndia2%2FTable_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">"World Urban Areas"</a> (PDF). Demographia. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161013155105/http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Urban+Areas&rft.pub=Demographia&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lboro2008-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lboro2008_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lboro2008_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html">"The World According to GaWC 2008"</a>. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223235243/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalization+and+World+Cities+Study+Group+and+Network+%28GaWC%29&rft.atitle=The+World+According+to+GaWC+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2008t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512013615/http://indiastudyabroad.org/locations/mumbai/">"Mumbai | ISAC"</a>. Indiastudyabroad.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiastudyabroad.org/locations/mumbai/">the original</a> on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+%26%23124%3B+ISAC&rft.pub=Indiastudyabroad.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiastudyabroad.org%2Flocations%2Fmumbai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/mumbai-beats-beijing-to-emerge-as-the-new-billionaire-hub-of-asia/articleshow/108779257.cms?from=mdr">"Mumbai beats Beijing to emerge as the new billionaire hub of Asia"</a>. The Economic Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329110157/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/mumbai-beats-beijing-to-emerge-as-the-new-billionaire-hub-of-asia/articleshow/108779257.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Mumbai+beats+Beijing+to+emerge+as+the+new+billionaire+hub+of+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fcompany%2Fcorporate-trends%2Fmumbai-beats-beijing-to-emerge-as-the-new-billionaire-hub-of-asia%2Farticleshow%2F108779257.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-james_customs-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-james_customs_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-james_customs_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1977" class="citation journal cs1">James, V. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/1064">"Marriage Customs of Christian Son Kolis"</a> (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. 36 (2): 131–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1177821">10.2307/1177821</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0385-2342">0385-2342</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1177821">1177821</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231210/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/1064">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Folklore+Studies&rft.atitle=Marriage+Customs+of+Christian+Son+Kolis&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E131-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=1977&rft.issn=0385-2342&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1177821%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1177821&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp%2Fnfile%2F1064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-munshi-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-munshi_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-munshi_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunshi1954" class="citation book cs1">Munshi, Kanaiyalal M. (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.97812/2015.97812.Gujarat-And-Its-Literature-1852#page/n31/mode/2up/search/Kolis">Gujarāt and its literature, from early times to 1852</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavan_Educational_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Educational Trust">Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan</a>. p. xix. <q>The next immigrants into the islands of Bombay were the Kolis, who on all authorities continued to be their original inhabitants till Aungier founded the city of Bombay. Kathiawad and Central Gujarāt was the home of the Kolis in pre-historic times.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gujar%C4%81t+and+its+literature%2C+from+early+times+to+1852&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Bharatiya+Vidya+Bhavan&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Munshi&rft.aufirst=Kanaiyalal+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.97812%2F2015.97812.Gujarat-And-Its-Literature-1852%23page%2Fn31%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2FKolis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rnmehta-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rnmehta_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnmehta_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rnmehta_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta1983" class="citation journal cs1">Mehta, R. N. (1983). "Bombay – An analysis of the toponym". Journal of the Oriental Institute: 138–140. <q>The kolis who succeeded the stone-age men on the island brought with them from Gujarat their patron goddess Mummai whom their descendants still worship in Kathiawar. The name of Bombay is derived from this koli goddess.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Oriental+Institute&rft.atitle=Bombay+%E2%80%93+An+analysis+of+the+toponym&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynne2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wynne, S. M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894?docPos=1">"Catherine (1638–1705)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4894">10.1093/ref:odnb/4894</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010804/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4894?docPos=1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Catherine+%281638%E2%80%931705%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F4894&rft.aulast=Wynne&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F4894%3FdocPos%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dwivedi_2001_28-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dwivedi_2001_28_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dwivedi_2001_28_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001">Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001</a>, p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-fp-onceuponatime-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fp-onceuponatime_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fp-onceuponatime_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/slideshow/once-upon-a-time-in-bombay/">"Once Upon a Time in Bombay"</a>. Foreign Policy. 24 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109020758/http://foreignpolicy.com/slideshow/once-upon-a-time-in-bombay/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Once+Upon+a+Time+in+Bombay&rft.date=2011-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fslideshow%2Fonce-upon-a-time-in-bombay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213041900/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl%3A%2F%2Fd20cb3d618ee8cb6c3a780df7c58030c">"Bombay: History of a City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://d20cb3d618ee8cb6c3a780df7c58030c">the original</a> on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bombay%3A+History+of+a+City&rft.pub=British+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%3FNavigationTarget%3Dnavurl%3A%2F%2Fd20cb3d618ee8cb6c3a780df7c58030c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-millionaireRoleModel-33"><a href="#cite_ref-millionaireRoleModel_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakshmi2011" class="citation news cs1">Lakshmi, Rama (14 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/new-millionaires-emerge-as-role-models-for-indias-lower-castes/2011/04/03/AFesUMfD_story.html">"New millionaires hope to serve as role models for India's lower castes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Mumbai. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623215214/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/new-millionaires-emerge-as-role-models-for-indias-lower-castes/2011/04/03/AFesUMfD_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+millionaires+hope+to+serve+as+role+models+for+India%27s+lower+castes&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.aulast=Lakshmi&rft.aufirst=Rama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnew-millionaires-emerge-as-role-models-for-indias-lower-castes%2F2011%2F04%2F03%2FAFesUMfD_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MumbaiNYCTwins-34"><a href="#cite_ref-MumbaiNYCTwins_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_and_Mumbai:_What_really_makes_them_twins_is_the_people2017" class="citation news cs1">New York and Mumbai: What really makes them twins is the people (4 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/read-it-and-weep/new-york-and-mumbai-what-really-makes-them-twins-is-the-people/">"New York and Mumbai: What really makes them twins is the people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240310134322/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/read-it-and-weep/new-york-and-mumbai-what-really-makes-them-twins-is-the-people/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=New+York+and+Mumbai%3A+What+really+makes+them+twins+is+the+people&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft.au=New+York+and+Mumbai%3A+What+really+makes+them+twins+is+the+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fblogs%2Fread-it-and-weep%2Fnew-york-and-mumbai-what-really-makes-them-twins-is-the-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MumbaiNewYorkOfIndia-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MumbaiNewYorkOfIndia_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MumbaiNewYorkOfIndia_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2008/11/27/97568932/mumbai-is-indias-new-york">"Mumbai Is India's New York"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228131148/https://www.npr.org/2008/11/27/97568932/mumbai-is-indias-new-york">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai+Is+India%27s+New+York&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2008%2F11%2F27%2F97568932%2Fmumbai-is-indias-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-a-land-of-opportunities/articleshow/9292526.cms?referral=PM">"Mumbai, a land of opportunities"</a>. The Times of India. 20 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804070300/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Mumbai-a-land-of-opportunities/articleshow/9292526.cms?referral=PM">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2014. 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Retrieved 21 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+India&rft.atitle=Poonam+Mahajan+explains+why+Mumbai+is+at+the+very+heart+of+India+story&rft.date=2014-07-26&rft.aulast=Mahajan&rft.aufirst=Poonam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Fcolumn-poonam-mahajan-explains-why-mumbai-is-at-the-very-heart-of-india-story-2005310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukund_Kule2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mukund Kule (8 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6709481,prtpage-1.cms">"मुंबईचं श्रद्धास्थान"</a> [Mumba'īcaṁ Shrad'dhāsthān]. <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Times" title="Maharashtra Times">Maharashtra Times</a> (in Marathi). 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How the city got renamed"</a>. Slate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615105241/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/recycled/2008/12/why_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Why+Did+Bombay+Become+Mumbai%3F+How+the+city+got+renamed&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.au=Christopher+Beam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Frecycled%2F2008%2F12%2Fwhy_did_bombay_become_mumbai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHansen2001">Hansen 2001</a>, p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNitin_Chavan2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nitin Chavan (18 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002023/http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20091218/4692758299134963929.htm">"शिवसेना आमदाराची नामांतर एक्स्प्रेस"</a> [Shivsēnā Âmadārācī Nāmāntar Express]. <a href="/wiki/Sakal" title="Sakal">Sakal</a> (in Marathi). Mumbai, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20091218/4692758299134963929.htm">the original</a> on 24 September 2015. 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Retrieved 25 August 2013. <q>Mumbai, at present, is in reverse gear, as regards the economic growth and quality of life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Development+Plan+%28Economic+Profile%29&rft.au=Brihanmumbai+Municipal+Corporation+%28BMC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fgo%2Fkm%2Fdocs%2Fdocuments%2FMCGM%2520Department%2520List%2FCity%2520Engineer%2FDeputy%2520City%2520Engineer%2520%28Planning%2520and%2520Design%29%2FCity%2520Development%2520Plan%2FEconomic%2520profile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSwaminathanGoyal2006">Swaminathan & Goyal 2006</a>, p. 52 </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJadhav" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Jadhav" title="Narendra Jadhav">Jadhav, Narendra</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522221937/http://drnarendrajadhav.info/drnjadhav_web_files/Published%20papers/Role%20of%20Mumbai%20City%20in%20Indian%20Economy.pdf">"Role of Mumbai in Indian Economy"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 27 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Maharashtra+Lok+Sabha+Election+Result+2019%2C+Maharashtra+Assembly+and+General+Poll+Result+2019+%E2%80%93+IndiaToday+%7C+IndiaToday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Felections%2Flok-sabha-2019%2Fmaharashtra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php">"List of ACs and PCs"</a>. Chief Electoral Officer (<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php">the original</a> on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+ACs+and+PCs&rft.pub=Chief+Electoral+Officer+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceo.maharashtra.gov.in%2Facs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122084331/http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf">"Maharashtra Assembly Election 2009"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://220.225.73.214/pdff/results.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maharashtra+Assembly+Election+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F220.225.73.214%2Fpdff%2Fresults.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/maharashtra-assembly-elections-mumbai-constituencies-results-2019-vote-counting-live-updates-1612344-2019-10-24">"Mumbai election results Live updates: Aditya Thackeray registers landslide victory from Worli"</a>. India Today. 24 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041728/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/maharashtra-assembly-elections-mumbai-constituencies-results-2019-vote-counting-live-updates-1612344-2019-10-24">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Mumbai+election+results+Live+updates%3A+Aditya+Thackeray+registers+landslide+victory+from+Worli&rft.date=2019-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Felections%2Fstory%2Fmaharashtra-assembly-elections-mumbai-constituencies-results-2019-vote-counting-live-updates-1612344-2019-10-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501232803/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcorporation">"Corporation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcorporation">the original</a> on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corporation&rft.pub=Brihanmumbai+Municipal+Corporation+%28BMC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%2Fqlcorporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080314202555/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlmayoffice">"Mayor – the First Citizen of Mumbai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlmayoffice">the original</a> on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2009. <q>As the presiding authority at the Corporation Meetings, his/her role is confined to the four corners of the Corporation Hall. The decorative role, however, extends far beyond the city and the country to other parts of world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+%E2%80%93+the+First+Citizen+of+Mumbai&rft.pub=Brihanmumbai+Municipal+Corporation+%28BMC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgm.gov.in%2Firj%2Fportal%2Fanonymous%2Fqlmayoffice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, p. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-civic20102-255"><a href="#cite_ref-civic20102_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bmc-results-saffron-alliance-wins-bmc-with-75-seats-1651270">"BMC results: Saffron alliance wins BMC with 75 seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DNA_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA (newspaper)">Daily News and Analysis</a>. Mumbai. 17 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615005738/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-bmc-results-saffron-alliance-wins-bmc-with-75-seats-1651270">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=BMC+results%3A+Saffron+alliance+wins+BMC+with+75+seats&rft.date=2012-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-bmc-results-saffron-alliance-wins-bmc-with-75-seats-1651270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <a href="#mumact">The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888</a>, p. 27 </li> <li id="cite_note-bus44-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_257-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bus44_257-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927192943/http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/BRTS%20Note%20for%20web%20Page.doc">"Development of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Mumbai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a> (MMRDA). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/BRTS%20Note%20for%20web%20Page.doc">the original</a> (DOC) on 27 September 2013. 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Retrieved 29 August 2009. <q>In Mumbai autos run only in the suburbs up to Mahim creek. This is probably the perfect arrangement because it is not economically viable for autos and taxis to solicit the same passengers. 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Retrieved 29 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Taxi%2C+auto+fares+may+dip+due+to+CNG+usage&rft.date=2004-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2FTaxi-auto-fares-may-dip-due-to-CNG-usage%2Farticleshow%2F631726.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Outlook-260"><a href="#cite_ref-Outlook_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5zhWAAAAYAAJ">Outlook</a>. Hathway Investments Pvt Ltd. July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527054807/http://books.google.com/books?id=5zhWAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2013. 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Retrieved 30 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mumbai+monorail+to+be+inaugurated+on+Saturday&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Saurabh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-monorail-to-be-inaugurated-on-saturday-477248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-startMetro-266"><a href="#cite_ref-startMetro_266-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Maharashtra-CM-Prithivraj-Chavan-flags-off-Mumbai-Metro/articleshow/36238569.cms">"Maharashtra CM Prithivraj Chavan flags off Mumbai Metro"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213001656/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Maharashtra-CM-Prithivraj-Chavan-flags-off-Mumbai-Metro/articleshow/36238569.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2016. 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Retrieved 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Mumbai+To+Navi+Mumbai+travel+time+cut+to+20+mins+as+Trans+Harbour+Link+inaugurated&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2024%2Fjan%2F12%2Fmumbai-to-navi-mumbai-travel-time-cut-to20-minsas-trans-harbour-link-inaugurated-2650412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnaindia.com-292"><a href="#cite_ref-dnaindia.com_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-28000-more-autos-to-run-riot-on-mmr-streets-1830027">"28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets – Mumbai – DNA"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=28%2C000+more+autos+to+run+riot+on+MMR+streets+%E2%80%93+Mumbai+%E2%80%93+DNA&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-28000-more-autos-to-run-riot-on-mmr-streets-1830027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gatewaytollfree-293"><a href="#cite_ref-gatewaytollfree_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2015" class="citation news cs1">Kulkarni, Dhaval (31 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-s-five-gateways-may-become-toll-free-2090781">"Mumbai's five gateways may become toll-free"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_and_Analysis" title="Daily News and Analysis">Daily News and Analysis</a>. 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Retrieved 1 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Mumbai%27s+five+gateways+may+become+toll-free&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Dhaval&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fmumbai%2Freport-mumbai-s-five-gateways-may-become-toll-free-2090781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOI1-294"><a href="#cite_ref-TOI1_294-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomit_SenManthan_K_Mehta2014" class="citation news cs1">Somit Sen; Manthan K Mehta (12 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Only-10-public-transport-services-for-every-90-private-vehicles-in-Mumbai/articleshow/33624790.cms">"Only 10 public transport services for every 90 private vehicles in Mumbai"</a>. The Times of India. TNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412125904/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Only-10-public-transport-services-for-every-90-private-vehicles-in-Mumbai/articleshow/33624790.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2014. 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Narayana; Chandran, Rahul (6 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NxqWRhBOMqO8P6x3Hra5eO/NHAI-starts-work-on-Rs6672-cr-expressway.html">"NHAI starts work on Rs 6,672 cr expressway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mint_(newspaper)" title="Mint (newspaper)">Mint</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117111028/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/NxqWRhBOMqO8P6x3Hra5eO/NHAI-starts-work-on-Rs6672-cr-expressway.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mint&rft.atitle=NHAI+starts+work+on+Rs+6%2C672+cr+expressway&rft.date=2008-03-06&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=K.P.+Narayana&rft.au=Chandran%2C+Rahul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FNxqWRhBOMqO8P6x3Hra5eO%2FNHAI-starts-work-on-Rs6672-cr-expressway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-298"><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra,_Saumya2023" class="citation news cs1">Mishra, Saumya (10 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/delhi/delhi-mumbai-expressway-to-cut-travel-time-by-half-rs-98000-crore-project-likely-to-start-by-2023-end-article-96880738/amp">"Delhi-Mumbai Expressway to cut travel time by half; Rs 98,000 crore project likely to be completed by 2023 end"</a>. Times Now. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212120736/https://www.timesnownews.com/delhi/delhi-mumbai-expressway-to-cut-travel-time-by-half-rs-98000-crore-project-likely-to-start-by-2023-end-article-96880738/amp">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2023. 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The Times of India. 12 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212024844/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/breaking-news-live-february-12/amp_liveblog/97832803.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Breaking+News+Live%3A+PM+Modi+inaugurates+246-km+first+phase+of+Delhi-Mumbai+Expressway&rft.date=2023-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fbreaking-news-live-february-12%2Fliveblog%2F97832803.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/work-on-nag-mum-eway-begins-in-full-swing/articleshow/67631967.cms">"Work on Nagpur-Mumbai expressway begins in full swing | Nagpur News"</a>. The Times of India. 22 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212073822/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/work-on-nag-mum-eway-begins-in-full-swing/articleshow/67631967.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Work+on+Nagpur-Mumbai+expressway+begins+in+full+swing+%26%23124%3B+Nagpur+News&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fnagpur%2Fwork-on-nag-mum-eway-begins-in-full-swing%2Farticleshow%2F67631967.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhadke,_Manasi2023" class="citation news cs1">Phadke, Manasi (4 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/shinde-govt-targets-dec-2023-finish-for-nagpur-mumbai-expressway-just-ahead-of-state-ls-polls/ar-AA18cVqh?PC=EMMX01">"Shinde govt targets Dec 2023 finish for Nagpur-Mumbai Expressway, just ahead of state & LS polls"</a>. The Print. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162556/https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/shinde-govt-targets-dec-2023-finish-for-nagpur-mumbai-expressway-just-ahead-of-state-ls-polls/ar-AA18cVqh?PC=EMMX01">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Print&rft.atitle=Shinde+govt+targets+Dec+2023+finish+for+Nagpur-Mumbai+Expressway%2C+just+ahead+of+state+%26+LS+polls&rft.date=2023-03-04&rft.au=Phadke%2C+Manasi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-in%2Fnews%2Fother%2Fshinde-govt-targets-dec-2023-finish-for-nagpur-mumbai-expressway-just-ahead-of-state-ls-polls%2Far-AA18cVqh%3FPC%3DEMMX01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKukreja,_Sahil2022" class="citation news cs1">Kukreja, Sahil (11 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/news/pm-modi-inaugurates-samruddhi-mahamarg-mumbai-nagpur-expressway-how-itll-benefit-car-owners/articleshow/96146928.cms">"PM Modi inaugurates 'Samruddhi Mahamarg' Mumbai-Nagpur expressway: How it'll benefit car owners"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328164159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/news/pm-modi-inaugurates-samruddhi-mahamarg-mumbai-nagpur-expressway-how-itll-benefit-car-owners/amp_articleshow/96146928.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+inaugurates+%27Samruddhi+Mahamarg%27+Mumbai-Nagpur+expressway%3A+How+it%27ll+benefit+car+owners&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft.au=Kukreja%2C+Sahil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fauto%2Fnews%2Fpm-modi-inaugurates-samruddhi-mahamarg-mumbai-nagpur-expressway-how-itll-benefit-car-owners%2Farticleshow%2F96146928.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/cm-now-aims-for-konkan-expressway-101671218411627.html">"CM now aims for Konkan expressway"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=CM+now+aims+for+Konkan+expressway&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-news%2Fcm-now-aims-for-konkan-expressway-101671218411627.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116110757/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/nov2k10annex3.pdf">"AAI traffic figures"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/nov2k10annex3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 January 2013. 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Retrieved 15 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=41.8%25+of+Mumbai+lives+in+slums&rft.date=2020-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fmapping-mumbai-s-slum-challenge-in-coronavirus-battle-11586334352966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/with-42-living-in-slums-virus-casts-long-shadow-across-mumbai/articleshow/75798141.cms">"With 42% living in slums virus casts long shadow across Mumbai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 18 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108104721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/with-42-living-in-slums-virus-casts-long-shadow-across-mumbai/articleshow/75798141.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=With+42%25+living+in+slums+virus+casts+long+shadow+across+Mumbai&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fmumbai%2Fwith-42-living-in-slums-virus-casts-long-shadow-across-mumbai%2Farticleshow%2F75798141.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Parsis-top-literacy-sex-ratio-charts-in-city/articleshow/843036.cms?referral=PM">"Parsis top literacy, sex-ratio charts in city"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Census+Handbook+-MUMBAI+SUBURBAN&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Census+Operation+Maharashtra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2FDCHB_A%2F27%2F2722_PART_A_DCHB_MUMBAI%2520SUBURBAN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012618/http://maccia.org.in/ecoSmaha06.pdf">"Highlights of Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2005–06"</a> (PDF). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department (<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>). p. 2. 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Retrieved 13 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Economic+Survey+of+Maharashtra+2005%E2%80%9306&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Economics+and+Statistics%2C+Planning+Department+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaccia.org.in%2FecoSmaha06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT_Surendar2010" class="citation magazine cs1">T Surendar (10 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/mumbais-newage-builders-want-a-room-at-the-top/10032/0">"Mumbai's New-Age Builders want a Room at the Top"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Mumbai%27s+New-Age+Builders+want+a+Room+at+the+Top&rft.date=2010-02-10&rft.au=T+Surendar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforbesindia.com%2Farticle%2Fbig-bet%2Fmumbais-newage-builders-want-a-room-at-the-top%2F10032%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mumbai-noisiest-city-Delhi-at-number-4-Central-Pollution-Control-Board/articleshow/51985961.cms">"Mumbai noisiest city, Delhi at number 4: Central Pollution Control Board"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mumbai+noisiest+city%2C+Delhi+at+number+4%3A+Central+Pollution+Control+Board&rft.date=2016-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FMumbai-noisiest-city-Delhi-at-number-4-Central-Pollution-Control-Board%2Farticleshow%2F51985961.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion-350">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_350-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_350-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230449/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"C-16 Population By Religion - Maharashtra"</a>. census.gov.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS">the original</a> (xls) on 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov.in&rft.atitle=C-16+Population+By+Religion+-+Maharashtra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW27C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-351"><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_351-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Maharashtra"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230718112640/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+Religion%3A+Maharashtra&rft.pub=Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11382%2Fdownload%2F14495%2FDDW27C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> On this page, select "Maharashtra" from the download menu. "Greater Mumbai (M.Corp.)" is at line 11 of the excel file, "Mumbai Suburban District" at line 1065 and "Mumbai District" at line 1072. </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html">"Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+is+India%27s+wealthy+Parsi+community+vanishing%3F&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=Karkaria&rft.aufirst=Bachi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-35219331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/648273/">"The world's successful diasporas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/648273/">Archived</a> 15 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Managementtoday.co.uk. </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBates2003">Bates 2003</a>, p. 266 </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1881-361">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1881_361-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1881_361-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057678">"Census of India, 1891. Operations and results in the Presidency of Bombay, including Sind"</a>. 1881. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057678">saoa.crl.25057678</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240601224518/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057678">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1891.+Operations+and+results+in+the+Presidency+of+Bombay%2C+including+Sind&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1881&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057678%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1921B-362">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1921B_362-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1921B_362-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1921" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394131">"Census of India 1921. Vol. 8, Bombay Presidency. Pt. 2, Tables : imperial and provincial"</a>. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394131">saoa.crl.25394131</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240507012628/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394131">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1921.+Vol.+8%2C+Bombay+Presidency.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables+%3A+imperial+and+provincial.&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394131%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1941-363">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census1941_363-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census1941_363-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1941" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215985">"Census of India, 1941. Vol. 3, Bombay"</a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215985">saoa.crl.28215985</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513012320/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215985">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1941.+Vol.+3%2C+Bombay&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215985%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1872-365"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1872_365-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057641">"Census of the Bombay Presidency, taken on the 21. February 1872"</a>. Bombay, 1875. 1872. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057641">saoa.crl.25057641</a>. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Bombay+Presidency%2C+taken+on+the+21.+February+1872.&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Bombay%2C+1875.&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057641%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1872B-366"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1872B_366-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Presidency)1872" class="citation web cs1">(Presidency), Bombay (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057645">"Census of the city of Bombay, taken 21st February 1872"</a>. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057645">saoa.crl.25057645</a>. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+city+of+Bombay%2C+taken+21st+February+1872.&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1872&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057645%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=%28Presidency%29&rft.aufirst=Bombay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25057645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1891-367"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1891_367-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBainesIndia_Census_Commissioner1891" class="citation web cs1">Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666">"Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states"</a>. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666">saoa.crl.25318666</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531191628/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1891.+General+tables+for+British+provinces+and+feudatory+states.&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25318666%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=Jervoise+Athelstane&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25318666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1901-368"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1901_368-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838">"Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1901. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838">saoa.crl.25352838</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128154915/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1901.+Vol.+1A%2C+India.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25352838%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25352838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1901B-369"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1901B_369-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1901" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25366895">"Census of India 1901. Vols. 9-11, Bombay"</a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25366895">saoa.crl.25366895</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512235706/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25366895">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1901.+Vols.+9-11%2C+Bombay.&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25366895%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25366895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1911-370"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1911_370-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Albert_GaitIndia_Census_Commissioner1911" class="citation web cs1">Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779">"Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779">saoa.crl.25393779</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528011326/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1911.+Vol.+1.%2C+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Calcutta%2C+Supt.+Govt.+Print.%2C+India%2C+1913.&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393779%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Edward+Albert+Gait&rft.aufirst=Sir&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1911B-371"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1911B_371-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1911" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393770">"Census of India 1911. Vol. 7, Bombay. Pt. 2, Imperial tables"</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393770">saoa.crl.25393770</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512235659/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393770">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1911.+Vol.+7%2C+Bombay.+Pt.+2%2C+Imperial+tables.&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393770%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25393770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1921-372"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1921_372-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121">"Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1921. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121">saoa.crl.25394121</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528062858/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1921.+Vol.+1%2C+India.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394121%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-373"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_373-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793234">"Census of India 1931. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Imperial tables"</a>. 1931. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793234">saoa.crl.25793234</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513011937/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793234">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1931.+Vol.+1%2C+India.+Pt.+2%2C+Imperial+tables.&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25793234%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25793234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931B-374"><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931B_374-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1931" class="citation web cs1">India Census Commissioner (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797128">"Census of India 1931. Vol. 8, Bombay. Pt. 2, Statistical tables"</a>. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797128">saoa.crl.25797128</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506002440/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797128">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1931.+Vol.+8%2C+Bombay.+Pt.+2%2C+Statistical+tables.&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797128%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=India+Census+Commissioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-langreport-375">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-langreport_375-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-langreport_375-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011-langreport_375-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)"</a>. censusindia.gov.in. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005055334/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2022. 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Retrieved 9 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%3A+World+heritage+sites+centre&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-434">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economist_434-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist_434-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/node/21556584">"Is the world's weirdest property market strangling the city that hosts it?"</a>. The Economist. 9 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717223955/http://www.economist.com/node/21556584">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Is+the+world%27s+weirdest+property+market+strangling+the+city+that+hosts+it%3F&rft.date=2012-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21556584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120109061808/http://www.emporis.com/statistics/most-skyscraper-cities-worldwide">"Cities with the most skyscrapers | Statistics"</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a>. EMPORIS. </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615005107/http://www.emporis.com/city/102037/mumbai-india">"Mumbai"</a>. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fcity%2F102037%2Fmumbai-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/high-rises-mumbai-stands-tall-among-indian-cities/articleshow/101348550.cms?from=mdr">"Mumbai stands tall among Indian cities"</a>. The economic times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230717195050/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/high-rises-mumbai-stands-tall-among-indian-cities/articleshow/101348550.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+economic+times&rft.atitle=Mumbai+stands+tall+among+Indian+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Findustry%2Fservices%2Fproperty-%2F-cstruction%2Fhigh-rises-mumbai-stands-tall-among-indian-cities%2Farticleshow%2F101348550.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-dominates-indian-skyline-with-77-share-of-tall-buildings-ranks-17th-worldwide-report-101687979905261.html">"Mumbai has 77% tall buildings in India"</a>. The Hindustan times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815075348/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/mumbai-dominates-indian-skyline-with-77-share-of-tall-buildings-ranks-17th-worldwide-report-101687979905261.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+times&rft.atitle=Mumbai+has+77%25+tall+buildings+in+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-news%2Fmumbai-dominates-indian-skyline-with-77-share-of-tall-buildings-ranks-17th-worldwide-report-101687979905261.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Street_food_of_Mumbai_jg07-439"><a href="#cite_ref-Street_food_of_Mumbai_jg07_439-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2007" class="citation book cs1">Green, Jen (2007). Mumbai. 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Retrieved 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=%27They+Need+TV+Product%27%3A+Why+American+Football+Is+Coming+To+India+%E2%80%93+TIME+NewsFeed&rft.date=2011-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsfeed.time.com%2F2011%2F08%2F04%2Fthey-need-tv-product-why-american-football-is-coming-to-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Gridiron-league-launched-in-India/articleshow/9495133.cms?referral=PM">"Gridiron league launched in India"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gridiron+league+launched+in+India&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Ftop-stories%2FGridiron-league-launched-in-India%2Farticleshow%2F9495133.cms%3Freferral%3DPM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marines-473"><a href="#cite_ref-marines_473-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603014947/http://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/news/187788-mumbai-marines-down-chennai-cheetahs">"Mumbai Marines down Chennai Cheetahs"</a>. Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. 31 March 2012. 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Mumbai. <a href="/wiki/Press_Trust_of_India" title="Press Trust of India">Press Trust of India</a>. 15 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602205544/http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-hil-police-assure-tight-security-for-matches-in-mumbai-1789087">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=HIL%3A+Police+assure+tight+security+for+matches+in+Mumbai&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fsport%2Freport-hil-police-assure-tight-security-for-matches-in-mumbai-1789087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-475"><a href="#cite_ref-475">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505015857/http://www.iblschedule.com/2013/05/indian-badminton-league-2013-from-14.html">"Indian Badminton League"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realtimecommunicationsworld.com/indian-badminton-league/">the original</a> on 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Badminton+League&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realtimecommunicationsworld.com%2Findian-badminton-league%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportskeeda.com/badminton/badminton-association-of-india-announces-the-2nd-edition-of-the-indian-badminton-league">"Badminton Association of India announces the 2nd Edition of the Indian Badminton League"</a>. sportskeeda.com. 29 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304162153/http://www.sportskeeda.com/badminton/badminton-association-of-india-announces-the-2nd-edition-of-the-indian-badminton-league">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Badminton+Association+of+India+announces+the+2nd+Edition+of+the+Indian+Badminton+League&rft.pub=sportskeeda.com&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportskeeda.com%2Fbadminton%2Fbadminton-association-of-india-announces-the-2nd-edition-of-the-indian-badminton-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-477"><a href="#cite_ref-477">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbl-india.com/teams/292-mumbai-rockets-teamprofile">"Team Overview"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mallya%2C+Diageo+fight+for+McDowell+Derby&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft.aulast=Pal&rft.aufirst=Abir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Findia-business%2Fmallya-diageo-fight-for-mcdowell-derby%2Farticleshow%2F1233374.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623002055/http://sports.ndtv.com/formula-1/news/17340-mumbai-to-host-f-1-powerboat-race-">"Mumbai to host F-1 powerboat race"</a>. Mumbai: NDTV. 17 December 2003. 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Retrieved 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mumbai+to+host+F-1+powerboat+race&rft.date=2003-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.ndtv.com%2Fformula-1%2Fnews%2F17340-mumbai-to-host-f-1-powerboat-race-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2008" class="citation news cs1">Baldwin, Alan (25 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624051820/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/01/25/motor-racing-forceindia-idUKL2521523620080125">"Motor racing-Force India F1 team to launch 2008 car in Mumbai"</a>. Reuters UK. 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Retrieved 2 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=BMC+plans+%27sister+city+square%27+to+celebrate+Mumbai%27s+bond+with+its+15+sister+cities&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-news%2Fbmc-plans-sister-city-square-to-celebrate-mumbai-s-bond-with-its-15-sister-cities-101646579820018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaptista1967" class="citation book cs1">Baptista, Elsie Wilhelmina (1967). 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Contemporary Indian Writers in English. Foundation Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7596-260-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7596-260-6"><bdi>978-81-7596-260-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 26 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Modern+Indian+Drama&rft.btitle=Mahesh+Dattani%3A+An+Introduction&rft.series=Contemporary+Indian+Writers+in+English&rft.pub=Foundation+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7596-260-6&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Asha+Kuthari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-jxGSsKqfHgC%26pg%3DPA10-IA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChittar1973" class="citation book cs1">Chittar, Shantaram D. (1973). 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Paris: La Découverte. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7071-4915-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7071-4915-2"><bdi>978-2-7071-4915-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planet+of+Slums+%5B%22+Le+pire+des+mondes+possibles+%3A+de+l%27explosion+urbaine+au+bidonville+global+%22%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-2-7071-4915-2&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sharada_Dwivedi" title="Sharada Dwivedi">Dwivedi, Sharada</a>; Mehrotra, Rahul (2001). Bombay: The Cities Within. 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April 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84369-223-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84369-223-2"><bdi>978-1-84369-223-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environment+and+urbanization&rft.pub=International+Institute+for+Environment+and+Development&rft.date=2002-04&rft.isbn=978-1-84369-223-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0DBhYWmqpDoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="exe" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmrdamumbai.org/docs/escts.pdf">"Executive Summary on Comprehensive Transportation Study for MMR"</a> (PDF). 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Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0088-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0088-3"><bdi>978-81-215-0088-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Archaeology&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-215-0088-3&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Amalananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuha2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Guha" title="Ramachandra Guha">Guha, Ramachandra</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/India_after_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="India after Gandhi">India after Gandhi</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019881-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019881-7"><bdi>978-0-06-019881-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+after+Gandhi&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019881-7&rft.aulast=Guha&rft.aufirst=Ramachandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2001" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Thomas Blom (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-y3iNt0djbQC">Wages of violence: naming and identity in postcolonial Bombay</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08840-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-08840-2"><bdi>978-0-691-08840-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wages+of+violence%3A+naming+and+identity+in+postcolonial+Bombay&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08840-2&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Blom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-y3iNt0djbQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuda2004" class="citation book cs1">Huda, Anwar (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JIwxhDGO-mUC">The Art and Science of Cinema</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0348-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0348-1"><bdi>978-81-269-0348-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 11 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Science+of+Cinema&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0348-1&rft.aulast=Huda&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJIwxhDGO-mUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJha2005" class="citation book cs1">Jha, Subhash K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00jhas">The Essential Guide to Bollywood</a>. Roli Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-378-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7436-378-7"><bdi>978-81-7436-378-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Guide+to+Bollywood&rft.pub=Roli+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7436-378-7&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Subhash+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialguideto00jhas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeillor2007" class="citation book cs1">Keillor, Bruce David (2007). Marketing in the 21st Century: New world marketing. Vol. 1. 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Vol. 65. <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">Indian National Science Academy</a>. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.pub=Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana2006" class="citation book cs1">Rana, Mahendra Singh (2006). India votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha elections 2001–2005. Sarup & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-647-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-647-6"><bdi>978-81-7625-647-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+votes%3A+Lok+Sabha+%26+Vidhan+Sabha+elections+2001%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7625-647-6&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Mahendra+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohliVega2007" class="citation book cs1">Rohli, Robert V.; Vega, Anthony J. (2007). Climatology (illustrated ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-3828-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-3828-0"><bdi>978-0-7637-3828-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climatology&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-3828-0&rft.aulast=Rohli&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rft.au=Vega%2C+Anthony+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="maratha" class="citation book cs1">Saini, A.K.; Chand; Hukam. History of Medieval India. Anmol Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-261-2313-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-261-2313-1"><bdi>978-81-261-2313-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Medieval+India&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.isbn=978-81-261-2313-1&rft.aulast=Saini&rft.aufirst=A.K.&rft.au=Chand&rft.au=Hukam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="prabhu" class="citation book cs1">Singh, K.S.; B.V. Bhanu; B.R. Bhatnagar; Anthropological Survey of India; D. K. Bose; V.S. Kulkarni; J. Sreenath (2004). Maharashtra. Vol. XXX. Popular Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-102-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-102-0"><bdi>978-81-7991-102-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharashtra&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7991-102-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=K.S.&rft.au=B.V.+Bhanu&rft.au=B.R.+Bhatnagar&rft.au=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.au=D.+K.+Bose&rft.au=V.S.+Kulkarni&rft.au=J.+Sreenath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirodkar1998" class="citation book cs1">Shirodkar, Prakashchandra P. (1998). Researches in Indo-Portuguese history. Vol. 2. Publication Scheme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-86782-15-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-86782-15-6"><bdi>978-81-86782-15-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researches+in+Indo-Portuguese+history&rft.pub=Publication+Scheme&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-86782-15-6&rft.aulast=Shirodkar&rft.aufirst=Prakashchandra+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaminathanGoyal2006" class="citation book cs1">Swaminathan, R.; Goyal, Jaya (2006). Mumbai vision 2015: agenda for urban renewal. Macmillan India in association with Observer Research Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mumbai+vision+2015%3A+agenda+for+urban+renewal&rft.pub=Macmillan+India+in+association+with+Observer+Research+Foundation&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Swaminathan&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Goyal%2C+Jaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrizower1971" class="citation book cs1">Strizower, Schifra (1971). The children of Israel: the Bene Israel of Bombay. B. Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+children+of+Israel%3A+the+Bene+Israel+of+Bombay&rft.pub=B.+Blackwell&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Strizower&rft.aufirst=Schifra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="bi" class="citation book cs1">The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island. Gazetteers of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. 2. Gazetteer Department (<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>). 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gazetteer+of+Bombay+City+and+Island&rft.series=Gazetteers+of+the+Bombay+Presidency&rft.pub=Gazetteer+Department+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft.date=1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mumact" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705222724/http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf">"The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888"</a> (PDF). State Election Commissioner (<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government of Maharashtra</a>). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stateelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/THE%20MUMBAI%20MUNICIPAL%20CORPORATION%20ACT_1888.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mumbai+Municipal+Corporation+Act%2C+1888&rft.pub=State+Election+Commissioner+%28Government+of+Maharashtra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstateelection.maharashtra.gov.in%2Fpdf%2FTHE%2520MUMBAI%2520MUNICIPAL%2520CORPORATION%2520ACT_1888.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeri-urban_water_and_sanitation_services_policy,_planning_and_method2010" class="citation book cs1">Kurian, Mathew; McCarney, Patricia (2010). Peri-urban water and sanitation services policy, planning and method. Dordrecht: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9425-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9425-4"><bdi>978-90-481-9425-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peri-urban+water+and+sanitation+services+policy%2C+planning+and+method&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-481-9425-4&rft.aulast=Kurian&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft.au=McCarney%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilanilam2005" class="citation book cs1">Vilanilam, John V. (2005). Mass communication in India: a sociological perspective (illustrated ed.). SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3372-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3372-4"><bdi>978-0-7619-3372-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+communication+in+India%3A+a+sociological+perspective&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-3372-4&rft.aulast=Vilanilam&rft.aufirst=John+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasko2003" class="citation book cs1">Wasko, Janet (2003). How Hollywood works. SAGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6814-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6814-6"><bdi>978-0-7619-6814-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Hollywood+works&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-6814-6&rft.aulast=Wasko&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="wmo" class="citation book cs1">WMO bulletin. Vol. 49. <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WMO+bulletin&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="yakg" class="citation book cs1">Yimene, Ababu Minda (2004). An African Indian Community in Hyderabad: Siddi Identity, Its Maintenance and Change. Cuvillier Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86537-206-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86537-206-2"><bdi>978-3-86537-206-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+African+Indian+Community+in+Hyderabad%3A+Siddi+Identity%2C+Its+Maintenance+and+Change&rft.pub=Cuvillier+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-86537-206-2&rft.aulast=Yimene&rft.aufirst=Ababu+Minda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuleBurnell1996" class="citation book cs1">Yule, Henry; Burnell, A. C. (1996) [1939]. A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases: Hobson-Jobson (2 ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0321-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0321-0"><bdi>978-0-7007-0321-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+glossary+of+colloquial+Anglo-Indian+words+and+phrases%3A+Hobson-Jobson&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0321-0&rft.aulast=Yule&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Burnell%2C+A.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="cng" class="citation book cs1">Zakakria, Rafiq; <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (1985). 100 glorious years: Indian National Congress, 1885–1985. Reception Committee, Congress Centenary Session.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+glorious+years%3A+Indian+National+Congress%2C+1885%E2%80%931985&rft.pub=Reception+Committee%2C+Congress+Centenary+Session&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Zakakria&rft.aufirst=Rafiq&rft.au=Indian+National+Congress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.mcgm.gov.in/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Mumbai">Mumbai</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/72526">Mumbai</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bombay_City">"Bombay City" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bombay+City&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMumbai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/7888990">Mumbai</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaicity.gov.in/about-district/">Mumbai City, Government of Maharashtra</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Mumbai25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Mumbai<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Mumbai93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Mumbai93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Mumbai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mumbai_topics476" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mumbai_topics" title="Template:Mumbai topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mumbai_topics" title="Template talk:Mumbai topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mumbai_topics476" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai" title="History of Mumbai">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mumbai" title="Timeline of Mumbai">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilahara" title="Shilahara">Shilahara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Islands_of_Bombay" title="Seven Islands of Bombay">Seven Islands of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banganga_Tank" title="Banganga Tank">Banganga Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Bombay">Old Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli_Fort" title="Worli Fort">Worli Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girangaon" title="Girangaon">Girangaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyukta_Maharashtra_Samiti" title="Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti">Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_Bombay" title="Tanks of Bombay">Tanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_Mumbai" title="Growth of Mumbai">Growth of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_riots" title="Bombay riots">1992–93 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Bombay_bombings" title="1993 Bombay bombings">1993 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Mumbai">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mumbai" title="Geography of Mumbai">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powai_Lake" title="Powai Lake">Powai Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihar_Lake" title="Vihar Lake">Vihar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Lake" title="Tulsi Lake">Tulsi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_Creek" title="Thane Creek">Thane Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Bay" title="Mahim Bay">Mahim Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay_(Mumbai)" title="Back Bay (Mumbai)">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithi_River" title="Mithi River">Mithi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhas_River" title="Ulhas River">Ulhas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hill" title="Gilbert Hill">Gilbert Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Hill" title="Malabar Hill">Malabar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Harbour" title="Mumbai Harbour">Mumbai Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ground_Coastal_Battery" title="Middle Ground Coastal Battery">Middle Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mumbai" title="Climate of Mumbai">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mumbai_beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mumbai beaches">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)">Eastern Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Western Suburbs (Mumbai)">Western Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Mumbai" title="List of neighbourhoods in Mumbai">Neighbourhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mumbai" title="Architecture of Mumbai">Architecture of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Dockyard_(Mumbai)" title="Naval Dockyard (Mumbai)">Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Mumbai" title="General Post Office, Mumbai">General Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreepati_Arcade" title="Shreepati Arcade">Shreepati Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai">Siddhivinayak Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regal_Cinema" title="Regal Cinema">Regal Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Mount,_Bandra" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra">Mount Mary's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali Dargah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Fountain" title="Flora Fountain">Flora Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library" title="David Sassoon Library">David Sassoon Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumba_Devi_Temple" title="Mumba Devi Temple">Mumba Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Mumbai">Mahalaxmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Mumbai" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai">National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai" title="The Asiatic Society of Mumbai">The Asiatic Society of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehangir_Art_Gallery" title="Jehangir Art Gallery">Jehangir Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowalia_Tank" title="Gowalia Tank">Gowalia Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir,_Mumbai" title="Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Mumbai">Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. Michael's Church, Mumbai">Mahim Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Kiran_Building" title="Usha Kiran Building">Usha Kiran Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_Commander_House,_Lahore" title="Corps Commander House, Lahore">Jinnah Mansion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport in Mumbai">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BEST_Transport_division" class="mw-redirect" title="BEST Transport division">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_Railway" title="Mumbai Suburban Railway">Mumbai Suburban Railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Central line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Central Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Harbour Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Port line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Port Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Harbour_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Trans-Harbour line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Trans-Harbour Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_line_(Mumbai_Suburban_Railway)" title="Western line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)">Western Line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Railway_zone" title="Central Railway zone">Central Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra_Terminus" title="Bandra Terminus">Bandra Terminus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandra_railway_station" title="Bandra railway station">suburban station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar_railway_station" title="Dadar railway station">Dadar railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dadar_railway_station" title="Dadar railway station">suburban station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokmanya_Tilak_Terminus" title="Lokmanya Tilak Terminus">Lokmanya Tilak Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Central_railway_station" title="Mumbai Central railway station">Mumbai Central railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhu_Aerodrome" title="Juhu Aerodrome">Juhu Aerodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Metro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 4 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_5_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 5 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_6_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 6 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_7_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 7 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Line_8_(Mumbai_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Line 8 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_9_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 9 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_10_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 10 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_12_(Mumbai_Metro)" title="Line 12 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_13_(Mumbai_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 13 (Mumbai Metro)">Line 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Monorail" title="Mumbai Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Skywalk_Project" title="Mumbai Skywalk Project">Skywalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_railway_elevated_corridor" title="Western railway elevated corridor">Western railway elevated corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_transport_in_Mumbai" title="Water transport in Mumbai">Water transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Bus_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System">Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Urban_Transport_Project" title="Mumbai Urban Transport Project">Mumbai Urban Transport Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoli_Bridge" title="Airoli Bridge">Airoli Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamount_Road" title="Altamount Road">Altamount Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra–Worli Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmichael_Road" title="Carmichael Road">Carmichael Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colaba_Causeway" title="Colaba Causeway">Colaba Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Coastal Road (Mumbai)">Coastal Road</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currey_Road_Bridge" title="Currey Road Bridge">Currey Road Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji_Road" title="Dadabhai Naoroji Road">Dadabhai Naoroji Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Express_Highway" title="Eastern Express Highway">Eastern Express Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Freeway_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Freeway (Mumbai)">Eastern Freeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Street" title="Fashion Street">Fashion Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Road" title="Hughes Road">Hughes Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeejabai_Bhosle_Marg" title="Jeejabai Bhosle Marg">Jeejabai Bhosle Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogeshwari%E2%80%93Vikhroli_Link_Road" title="Jogeshwari–Vikhroli Link Road">JVLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwa_Bridge" title="Kalwa Bridge">Kalwa Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linking_Road,_Mumbai" title="Linking Road, Mumbai">Linking Road</a></li> <li>Lady Jamshetjee Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_Marg" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg">LBS Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamington_Road" title="Lamington Road">Lamington Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Causeway" title="Mahim Causeway">Mahim Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Trans_Harbour_Link" title="Mumbai Trans Harbour Link">MTHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepean_Sea_Road" title="Nepean Sea Road">Nepean Sea Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_D%27Mello_Road" title="P D'Mello Road">P D'Mello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalrao_Deshmukh_Marg" title="Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg">Pedder Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Street_(Mumbai)" title="Princess Street (Mumbai)">Princess Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz%E2%80%93Chembur_Link_Road" title="Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road">SCLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Road_(Mumbai)" title="Swami Vivekanand Road (Mumbai)">SV Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahar_Elevated_Access_Road" title="Sahar Elevated Access Road">Sahar Elevated Access Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_Panvel_Highway" title="Sion Panvel Highway">Sion Panvel Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashi_Bridge" title="Vashi Bridge">Vashi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versova%E2%80%93Bandra_Sea_Link" title="Versova–Bandra Sea Link">Versova–Bandra Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Desai_Road" title="Veera Desai Road">Veera Desai Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Express_Highway" title="Western Express Highway">Western Express Highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mumbai" title="Economy of Mumbai">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalal_Street" title="Dalal Street">Dalal Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Mumbai" title="List of colleges in Mumbai">Universities and colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai (MU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNDT_Women%27s_University" title="SNDT Women's University">SNDT Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIT_Bombay" title="IIT Bombay">IIT Bombay (IIT-B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Institute of Chemical Technology">Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veermata_Jijabai_Technological_Institute" title="Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute">Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Mumbai" title="Indian Institute of Management Mumbai">NITIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnalal_Bajaj_Institute_of_Management_Studies" title="Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies">Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkesh_Dinesh_Mody_Institute" title="Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute">Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Jain_Institute_of_Management_and_Research" title="S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research">SP Jain Institute of Management and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Homi_Bhabha_State_University" title="Dr. Homi Bhabha State University">Dr. Homi Bhabha State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham_Institute_of_Management_Studies,_Research_and_Entrepreneurship_Education" title="Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education">Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVKM%27s_NMIMS" title="SVKM's NMIMS">NMIMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithibai_College" title="Mithibai College">Mithibai College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Mumbai" title="St. Xavier's College, Mumbai">St. Xavier's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathaye_College" title="Sathaye College">Sathaye College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramnarain_Ruia_College" title="Ramnarain Ruia College">Ramnarain Ruia College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._G._Ruparel_College_of_Arts,_Science_and_Commerce" title="D. G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce">D. G. Ruparel College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramniranjan_Anandilal_Podar_College_of_Commerce_and_Economics" title="Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics">Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulund_College_of_Commerce" title="Mulund College of Commerce">Mulund College of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._G._Vaze_College_of_Arts,_Science_and_Commerce" title="V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce">V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_J._J._School_of_Art" title="Sir J. J. School of Art">Sir J. J. School of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Mumbai#Schools" title="List of educational institutions in Mumbai">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmohan_Vidyamandir" title="Balmohan Vidyamandir">Balmohan Vidyamandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Scottish_School,_Mahim" title="Bombay Scottish School, Mahim">Bombay Scottish School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_School,_Mumbai" title="Campion School, Mumbai">Campion School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_and_John_Connon_School" title="Cathedral and John Connon School">Cathedral and John Connon School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Ambani_International_School" title="Dhirubhai Ambani International School">Dhirubhai Ambani International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_High_School,_Matunga" title="Don Bosco High School, Matunga">Don Bosco High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Antonio_Da_Silva_High_School_and_Junior_College_of_Commerce" title="Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School and Junior College of Commerce">Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_High_School_(Mumbai)" title="Holy Family High School (Mumbai)">Holy Family High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilavatibai_Podar_High_School" title="Lilavatibai Podar High School">Lilavatibai Podar High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._N._Podar_School" title="R. N. Podar School">R. N. Podar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Boys_High_School" title="Sacred Heart Boys High School">Sacred Heart Boys High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamnabai_Narsee_School" title="Jamnabai Narsee School">Jamnabai Narsee School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utpal_Shanghvi_Global_School" title="Utpal Shanghvi Global School">Utpal Shanghvi Global School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Sangathan" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan">Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Shivaji_Vidyalaya" title="Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya">Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Theresa%27s_Boys_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Theresa's Boys High School">St. Theresa's Boys High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.B._Petit_High_School_for_Girls" title="J.B. Petit High School for Girls">J.B. Petit High School for Girls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes for science and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Planetarium" title="Nehru Planetarium">Nehru Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Science_Centre" title="Nehru Science Centre">Nehru Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Mumbai" title="List of mayors of Mumbai">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_the_Greater_Mumbai_Police" title="Commissioner of the Greater Mumbai Police">Police Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_commissioners_of_Mumbai" title="List of municipal commissioners of Mumbai">Municipal Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation" title="Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation">Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mumbai_Police" title="Greater Mumbai Police">Greater Mumbai Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Mumbai" title="Administrative divisions of Mumbai">Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihanmumbai_Electric_Supply_and_Transport" title="Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport">Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_sources_of_Mumbai" title="Water sources of Mumbai">Water sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Mumbai" title="Sheriff of Mumbai">Sheriff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mumbai" title="Culture of Mumbai">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_in_Mumbai" title="Art Deco in Mumbai">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Mumbaiya/Bombaiya/Bambaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabbawala" title="Dabbawala">Dabbawalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggs_Kejriwal" title="Eggs Kejriwal">Eggs Kejriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbaikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbaikar">Mumbaikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Street food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev_puri" title="Sev puri">Sev puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragda_pattice" title="Ragda pattice">Ragda pattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_centres_in_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cultural centres in Mumbai">Cultural centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinemas_in_Mumbai" title="List of cinemas in Mumbai">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Ghoda_Arts_Festival" title="Kala Ghoda Arts Festival">Kala Ghoda festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mumbai" title="Prostitution in Mumbai">Prostitution in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Marathon" title="Mumbai Marathon">Mumbai Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_Azaadi_Mumbai" title="Queer Azaadi Mumbai">Mumbai Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai" title="List of tourist attractions in Mumbai">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">Little Bombay, Jersey City, US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Mumbai" title="Jainism in Mumbai">Jainism in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bombay" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mumbai" title="History of the Jews in Mumbai">History of the Jews in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Mumbai" title="List of churches in Mumbai">List of churches in Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Mumbai_(Church_of_North_India)" title="Diocese of Mumbai (Church of North India)">Anglican Diocese of Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Orthodox_Diocese" title="Bombay Orthodox Diocese">Mumbai Orthodox Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamathipura" title="Kamathipura">Kamathipura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_High_Field" title="Mumbai High Field">Mumbai High Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Mumbai" title="List of people from Mumbai">People from Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Ashram" title="Seal Ashram">Seal Ashram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mumbai" title="Category:Mumbai">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mumbai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mumbai">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x18px&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai_(list)_x18px&#124;alt=&#124;link=432" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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id="x18px&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai_(list)_x18px&#124;alt=&#124;link=432" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/MumbaiClimate.jpg/24px-MumbaiClimate.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/MumbaiClimate.jpg/36px-MumbaiClimate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/MumbaiClimate.jpg/48px-MumbaiClimate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /> Tourist attractions in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Mumbai" title="List of tourist attractions in Mumbai">list</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/27px-Hajiali.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/41px-Hajiali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Hajiali.jpg/54px-Hajiali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai" title="History of Mumbai">Pre-colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg/50px-Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg/75px-Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg/100px-Elephanta_Caves%2C_India%2C_Shiva_as_Nataraja%2C_King_of_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanheri_Caves" title="Kanheri Caves">Kanheri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli_Fort" title="Worli Fort">Worli Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Fort" title="Mahim Fort">Mahim Fort</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#Foundation_of_Bombay_city" title="History of Mumbai">Colonial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus">Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_Building,_Mumbai" title="Municipal Corporation Building, Mumbai">BMC Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli_Fort" title="Worli Fort">Worli Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library" title="David Sassoon Library">David Sassoon Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_of_India" title="Gateway of India">Gateway of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajabai_Clock_Tower" title="Rajabai Clock Tower">Rajabai Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Mount,_Bandra" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra">Mount Mary's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballard_Bunder_Gatehouse" title="Ballard Bunder Gatehouse">Ballard Bunder Gatehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Cathedral,_Mumbai" title="St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai">St. Thomas Cathedral</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mumbai" title="Geography of Mumbai">Beaches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chowpatti.jpg/50px-Chowpatti.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chowpatti.jpg/75px-Chowpatti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chowpatti.jpg/100px-Chowpatti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksa_Beach" title="Aksa Beach">Aksa Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar" title="Dadar">Dadar</a> Chowpatty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girgaum_Chowpatty" class="mw-redirect" title="Girgaum Chowpatty">Girgaum Chowpatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhu#Juhu_Beach" title="Juhu">Juhu Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamb_Beach" title="Kalamb Beach">Kalamb Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madh_Island" title="Madh Island">Madh Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv%C3%A9_Beach" title="Marvé Beach">Marvé Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powai_Lake" title="Powai Lake">Powai Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versova,_Mumbai" title="Versova, Mumbai">Versova</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Babulnath" class="mw-redirect" title="Babulnath">Babulnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Name,_Mumbai" title="Cathedral of the Holy Name, Mumbai">Cathedral of the Holy Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Ali_Dargah" title="Haji Ali Dargah">Haji Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama_Mosque,_Mumbai" title="Jama Mosque, Mumbai">Jama Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Mumbai">Mahalaxmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumba_Devi_Temple" title="Mumba Devi Temple">Mumba Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Mount,_Bandra" title="Basilica of Our Lady of the Mount, Bandra">Our Lady of the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset_Eliyahoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Knesset Eliyahoo">Knesset Eliyahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magen_David_Synagogue_(Byculla)" title="Magen David Synagogue (Byculla)">Magen David Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atash_Behram" title="Atash Behram">Parsi Fire Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Church_(Mumbai)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Church (Mumbai)">Portuguese Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. Michael's Church, Mumbai">Mahim Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matunga" title="Matunga">Shrine Of Don Bosco's Madonna</a></li> <li>St Peter's Church, <a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. Andrew's Church, Mumbai">St. Andrew's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Mumbai" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai">Siddhivinayak Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitala" title="Shitala">Shitala</a> Devi Temple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir,_Mumbai" title="Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Mumbai">Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkeshwar_Temple" title="Walkeshwar Temple">Walkeshwar Temple</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai culture">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts_(India)" title="National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)">National Centre for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_Theatre_(NCPA)" title="Experimental Theatre (NCPA)">Experimental Theatre (NCPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehangir_Art_Gallery" title="Jehangir Art Gallery">Jehangir Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraporewala_Aquarium" title="Taraporewala Aquarium">Taraporewala Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Mumbai" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic Society of Mumbai">Asiatic Society of Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House_(Mumbai)" title="Royal Opera House (Mumbai)">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regal_Cinema" title="Regal Cinema">Regal Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros_Cinema" title="Eros Cinema">Eros Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Big_Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Big Cinemas">Metro Adlabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Science_Centre" title="Nehru Science Centre">Nehru Science Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_City,_Mumbai" title="Film City, Mumbai">Film City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Cinema_(Mumbai)" title="Capitol Cinema (Mumbai)">Capitol Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cinema" title="Liberty Cinema">Liberty Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalnayan_Bajaj_Hall_and_Art_Gallery" title="Kamalnayan Bajaj Hall and Art Gallery">Kamalnayan Bajaj Hall and Art Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boulevards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Drive,_Mumbai" title="Marine Drive, Mumbai">Marine Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Street" title="Fashion Street">Fashion Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linking_Road,_Mumbai" title="Linking Road, Mumbai">Linking Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepean_Sea_Road" title="Nepean Sea Road">Nepean Sea Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breach_Candy" title="Breach Candy">Breach Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandstand_Promenade" title="Bandstand Promenade">Bandstand Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a> Seaface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra%E2%80%93Worli_Sea_Link" title="Bandra–Worli Sea Link">Bandra-Worli Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Road_Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter Road Promenade">Carter Road Promenade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mumbai_skyline.jpg/50px-Mumbai_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mumbai_skyline.jpg/75px-Mumbai_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mumbai_skyline.jpg/100px-Mumbai_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="674" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Western Suburbs (Mumbai)">Western Suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Hill" title="Malabar Hill">Malabar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Ghoda" title="Kala Ghoda">Kala Ghoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra_Kurla_Complex" title="Bandra Kurla Complex">Bandra Kurla Complex</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chor_Bazaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chor Bazaar">Chor Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_Street" title="Fashion Street">Fashion Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colaba_Causeway" title="Colaba Causeway">Colaba Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamington_Road" title="Lamington Road">Lamington Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linking_Road,_Mumbai" title="Linking Road, Mumbai">Linking Road</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/50px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/75px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg/100px-Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3989" data-file-height="2719" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutatma_Chowk" title="Hutatma Chowk">Hutatma Chowk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_Library" title="David Sassoon Library">David Sassoon Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel">Taj Mahal Palace & Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Planetarium" title="Nehru Planetarium">Nehru Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint,_Mumbai" title="India Government Mint, Mumbai">India Government Mint</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks, zoos and stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg/50px-Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg/75px-Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg/100px-Hanging-Gardens-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra_Kurla_Complex_Ground" title="Bandra Kurla Complex Ground">Bandra Kurla Complex Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabourne_Stadium" title="Brabourne Stadium">Brabourne Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Maidan" title="Cross Maidan">Cross Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essel_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Essel World">Essel World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowalia_Tank" title="Gowalia Tank">Gowalia Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Mumbai" title="Hanging Gardens of Mumbai">Hanging Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Circle_Gardens" title="Horniman Circle Gardens">Horniman Circle Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jijamata_Udyaan" title="Jijamata Udyaan">Jijamata Udyaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Nehru_Park,_Mumbai" title="Kamala Nehru Park, Mumbai">Kamala Nehru Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalaxmi_Racecourse" title="Mahalaxmi Racecourse">Mahalaxmi Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Income_Group_Club_Ground" title="Middle Income Group Club Ground">Middle Income Group Club Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_National_Park" title="Sanjay Gandhi National Park">Sanjay Gandhi National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaji_Park" title="Shivaji Park">Shivaji Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankhede_Stadium" title="Wankhede Stadium">Wankhede Stadium</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg/50px-Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg/75px-Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg/100px-Mani_Bhavan_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Bhau_Daji_Lad_Museum" title="Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum">Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Bhavan" title="Mani Bhavan">Mani Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Mumbai" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai">National Gallery of Modern Art</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassein_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassein Fort">Bassein Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belapur_Fort" title="Belapur Fort">Belapur Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Castle" title="Bombay Castle">Bombay Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castella_de_Aguada" title="Castella de Aguada">Castella de Aguada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongri_Fort" title="Dongri Fort">Dongri Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort George, Bombay"> Fort George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madh_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Madh Fort">Madh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim_Fort" title="Mahim Fort">Mahim Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazagon_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagon Fort">Mazagon Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riwa_Fort" title="Riwa Fort">Riwa Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewri_Fort" title="Sewri Fort">Sewri Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_Hillock_Fort" title="Sion Hillock Fort">Sion Hillock Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli_Fort" title="Worli Fort">Worli Fort</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants & bars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Mondegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Café Mondegar">Café Mondegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Cafe" title="Leopold Cafe">Leopold Cafe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra462" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maharashtra" title="Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maharashtra" title="Template talk:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maharashtra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Maharashtra_State_of_Maharashtra462" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Maharashtra"><img alt="Emblem of Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/24px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/36px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg/48px-Flag_of_Maharashtra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li> <li>Second capital: <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maharashtra" title="History of Maharashtra">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Maharashtra" title="Geography of Maharashtra">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Maharashtra" title="Tourism in Maharashtra">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalsubai" title="Kalsubai">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maharashtra" title="Culture of Maharashtra">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Maharashtra" title="Sports in Maharashtra">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maharashtra" title="Category:Maharashtra">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desh_region" title="Desh region">Desh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandesh" title="Khandesh">Khandesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai Metropolitan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidarbha" title="Vidarbha">Vidarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Maharashtra" title="North Maharashtra">North Maharashtra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Maharashtra" title="List of districts of Maharashtra">Divisions and Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amravati_division" title="Amravati division">Amravati division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akola_district" title="Akola district">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati_district" title="Amravati district">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buldhana_district" title="Buldhana district">Buldhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washim_district" title="Washim district">Washim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavatmal_district" title="Yavatmal district">Yavatmal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konkan_division" title="Konkan division">Konkan division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_City_district" title="Mumbai City district">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Suburban_district" title="Mumbai Suburban district">Mumbai Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palghar_district" title="Palghar district">Palghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri_district" title="Ratnagiri district">Ratnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudurg_district" title="Sindhudurg district">Sindhudurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_division" title="Aurangabad division">Aurangabad division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beed_district" title="Beed district">Beed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad_district,_Maharashtra" title="Aurangabad district, Maharashtra">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanabad_district" title="Osmanabad district">Osmanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingoli_district" title="Hingoli district">Hingoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalna_district" title="Jalna district">Jalna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur_district" title="Latur district">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded_district" title="Nanded district">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani_district" title="Parbhani district">Parbhani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_division" title="Nagpur division">Nagpur division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandara_district" title="Bhandara district">Bhandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur_district" title="Chandrapur district">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadchiroli_district" title="Gadchiroli district">Gadchiroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondia_district" title="Gondia district">Gondia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_district" title="Nagpur district">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardha_district" title="Wardha district">Wardha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nashik_division" title="Nashik division">Nashik division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar_district" title="Ahmednagar district">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule_district" title="Dhule district">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon_district" title="Jalgaon district">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandurbar_district" title="Nandurbar district">Nandurbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik_district" title="Nashik district">Nashik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pune_division" title="Pune division">Pune division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur_district" title="Kolhapur district">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli_district" title="Sangli district">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satara_district" title="Satara district">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur_district" title="Solapur district">Solapur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Million-plus cities in Maharashtra</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimpri-Chinchwad" title="Pimpri-Chinchwad">Pimpri-Chinchwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan-Dombivli" title="Kalyan-Dombivli">Kalyan-Dombivli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities with municipal corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akola" title="Akola">Akola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amravati" title="Amravati">Amravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi" title="Bhiwandi">Bhiwandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrapur" title="Chandrapur">Chandrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhule" title="Dhule">Dhule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichalkaranji" title="Ichalkaranji">Ichalkaranji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalgaon" title="Jalgaon">Jalgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latur" title="Latur">Latur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malegaon" title="Malegaon">Malegaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira-Bhayandar" title="Mira-Bhayandar">Mira-Bhayandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded" title="Nanded">Nanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parbhani" title="Parbhani">Parbhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangli" title="Sangli">Sangli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhasnagar" title="Ulhasnagar">Ulhasnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtra" title="Government of Maharashtra">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Maharashtra" title="List of chief ministers of Maharashtra">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislature" title="Maharashtra Legislature">Legislature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Council" title="Maharashtra Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Legislative_Assembly" title="Maharashtra Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal:India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template talk:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State and Union Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaratti" title="Kavaratti">Kavaratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mumbai_metropolitan_area408" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mumbai_metropolitan_area" title="Template:Mumbai metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mumbai_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:Mumbai metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mumbai metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mumbai_metropolitan_area408" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Mumbai" title="South Mumbai">South Mumbai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altamount_Road" title="Altamount Road">Altamount Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byculla" title="Byculla">Byculla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmichael_Road" title="Carmichael Road">Carmichael Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchpokli" title="Chinchpokli">Chinchpokli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchgate" title="Churchgate">Churchgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colaba" title="Colaba">Colaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuffe_Parade" title="Cuffe Parade">Cuffe Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadar" title="Dadar">Dadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girgaon" title="Girgaon">Girgaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala_Ghoda" title="Kala Ghoda">Kala Ghoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalbadevi" title="Kalbadevi">Kalbadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemps_Corner" title="Kemps Corner">Kemps Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Parel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Parel">Lower Parel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalaxmi,_Mumbai" title="Mahalaxmi, Mumbai">Mahalaxmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahim" title="Mahim">Mahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Hill" title="Malabar Hill">Malabar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Lines" title="Marine Lines">Marine Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matunga" title="Matunga">Matunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazagaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagaon">Mazagaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Central_railway_station" title="Mumbai Central railway station">Mumbai Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_Point" title="Nariman Point">Nariman Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parel" title="Parel">Parel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhadevi" title="Prabhadevi">Prabhadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewri" title="Sewri">Sewri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Mumbai" title="Sion, Mumbai">Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadala" title="Wadala">Wadala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkeshwar" title="Walkeshwar">Walkeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worli" title="Worli">Worli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai" title="Navi Mumbai">Navi Mumbai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airoli" title="Airoli">Airoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBD_Belapur" title="CBD Belapur">CBD Belapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghansoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghansoli">Ghansoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juinagar" title="Juinagar">Juinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharghar" title="Kharghar">Kharghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koparkhairane" class="mw-redirect" title="Koparkhairane">Koparkhairane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahape" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahape">Mahape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Panvel" title="New Panvel">New Panvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerul" title="Nerul">Nerul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanpada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanpada">Sanpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seawoods" class="mw-redirect" title="Seawoods">Seawoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taloja" class="mw-redirect" title="Taloja">Taloja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashi" title="Vashi">Vashi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)">Eastern Suburbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandup" title="Bhandup">Bhandup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chembur" title="Chembur">Chembur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatkopar" title="Ghatkopar">Ghatkopar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govandi" title="Govandi">Govandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranandani_Gardens,_Mumbai" title="Hiranandani Gardens, Mumbai">Hiranandani Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjurmarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjurmarg">Kanjurmarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurla" title="Kurla">Kurla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankhurd" title="Mankhurd">Mankhurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulund" title="Mulund">Mulund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahur" title="Nahur">Nahur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powai" title="Powai">Powai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombay" title="Trombay">Trombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyavihar" title="Vidyavihar">Vidyavihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikhroli" title="Vikhroli">Vikhroli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Suburbs_(Mumbai)" title="Western Suburbs (Mumbai)">Western Suburbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andheri" title="Andheri">Andheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandra" title="Bandra">Bandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borivali" title="Borivali">Borivali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahisar" title="Dahisar">Dahisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorai" title="Gorai">Gorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goregaon" title="Goregaon">Goregaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khar,_Mumbai" title="Khar, Mumbai">Khar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogeshwari" title="Jogeshwari">Jogeshwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhu" title="Juhu">Juhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandivli" title="Kandivli">Kandivli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madh_Island" title="Madh Island">Madh Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marol" title="Marol">Marol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malad" title="Malad">Malad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshiwara" title="Oshiwara">Oshiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saki_Naka" title="Saki Naka">Saki Naka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santacruz,_Mumbai" title="Santacruz, Mumbai">Santacruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versova,_Mumbai" title="Versova, Mumbai">Versova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vile_Parle" title="Vile Parle">Vile Parle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mira-Bhayandar" title="Mira-Bhayandar">Mira-Bhayandar</a> (Thane district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhayandar" title="Bhayandar">Bhayandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_Road" title="Mira Road">Mira Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttan" title="Uttan">Uttan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thane_district" title="Thane district">Thane district</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Junction_railway_station" title="Diva Junction railway station">Diva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghodbunder_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghodbunder Road">Ghodbunder Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopri" title="Kopri">Kopri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolshet" title="Kolshet">Kolshet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausa" title="Kausa">Kausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalwa,_Thane" title="Kalwa, Thane">Kalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiwada" class="mw-redirect" title="Majiwada">Majiwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbra" title="Mumbra">Mumbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shil_Phata" title="Shil Phata">Shil Phata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagle_Estate" title="Wagle Estate">Wagle Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalyan-Dombivli" title="Kalyan-Dombivli">Kalyan-Dombivli</a> (Thane district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dombivli" title="Dombivli">Dombivli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalyan, India">Kalyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohone" title="Mohone">Mohone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakurli" title="Thakurli">Thakurli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titwala" title="Titwala">Titwala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ulhasnagar" title="Ulhasnagar">Ulhasnagar</a> (Thane district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambernath" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambernath">Ambernath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlapur" title="Badlapur">Badlapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahad" title="Shahad">Shahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulhasnagar" title="Ulhasnagar">Ulhasnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithalwadi" title="Vithalwadi">Vithalwadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi-Nizampur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhiwandi-Nizampur">Bhiwandi-Nizampur</a> (Thane district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi" title="Bhiwandi">Bhiwandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhiwandi-Nizampur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhiwandi-Nizampur">Nizampur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a> (Palghar district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boisar" title="Boisar">Boisar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manickpur" title="Manickpur">Manickpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naigaon" title="Naigaon">Naigaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallasopara" title="Nallasopara">Nallasopara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navghar" title="Navghar">Navghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palghar" title="Palghar">Palghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai" title="Vasai">Vasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virar" title="Virar">Virar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburbs in <a href="/wiki/Raigad_district" title="Raigad district">Raigad district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alibag" title="Alibag">Alibag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karjat" title="Karjat">Karjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalapur" title="Khalapur">Khalapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopoli" title="Khopoli">Khopoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheran" title="Matheran">Matheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neral,_India" title="Neral, India">Neral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen,_India" title="Pen, India">Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasayani" title="Rasayani">Rasayani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Mumbai at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Mumbai" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Mumbai">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mumbai" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mumbai">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Mumbai" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Mumbai">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mumbai" class="extiw" title="q:Mumbai">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" 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id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Mumbai</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 191 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-lllpf","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_2d5923559307d168ce295eac32f9a95b31268e9f":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1156","properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Mumbai","fill":"#000000"}}],"_94363be48dab4a84f38d8ad514e309c340ac4525":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1191","properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Mumbai"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[72.8775,19.07611111111111],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-size":"medium","title":"Mumbai","marker-color":"5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.704","walltime":"5.324","ppvisitednodes":{"value":43826,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1418016,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":172607,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":32,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":54,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1668798,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4437.440 1 -total"," 50.04% 2220.619 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.94% 796.049 183 Template:Cite_web"," 15.81% 701.545 155 Template:Cite_news"," 12.54% 556.313 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 12.31% 546.070 3 Template:Infobox"," 8.26% 366.392 79 Template:Cite_book"," 5.70% 253.068 105 Template:Harvnb"," 3.26% 144.488 1 Template:Nativename"," 2.49% 110.524 32 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.850","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25044881,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF(Presidency)1872\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgarwal2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAghor2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAli1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadgeri2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBainesIndia_Census_Commissioner1891\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldwin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaliga2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBansal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBansalMathai2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBapat2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaptista1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBates2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeam2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeam2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBertaud2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBharucha2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBharucha2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBharucha2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreckenridge1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrihanmumbai_Municipal_Corporation_(BMC)\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1883\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarsten1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChaudhuri2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChittar1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher_Beam2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorfeePohitHerweijerHenriet2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoudriet\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Mello2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalal2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDasgupta2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDattaJones1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesai2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeshpande2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDey2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDodmanBicknellSatterthwaite2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrew1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwivedi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwivediMehrotra2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_Albert_GaitIndia_Census_Commissioner1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFExpress_News_Service2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarooqui2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFortescue2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFullerBénéï2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanley2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanti2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhose2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhosh1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiacomo_Tognini\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilder1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGogate2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuha2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuha2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuda2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1901\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Census_Commissioner1941\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJadhav\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaisinghani2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJog2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanthIyenagar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarkaria2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeay2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeillor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelsey2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalidi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhanna\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKincaidPārasanīsa1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKishwar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKothari1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKukreja,_Sahil2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKumar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumarChandran2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKumari1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakshmi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLundgren2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMachado1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahajan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaharashtra_(India)1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakarand2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartyris2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDougall2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehta1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehta2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra,_Saumya2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorrisWinchester2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherjee2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukherji2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMukund_Kule2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunshi1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagarajan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNandgaonkar2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaravane2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNayyar1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeela_DabirNaina_Athale2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNevin2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_and_Mumbai:_What_really_makes_them_twins_is_the_people2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNitin_Chavan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPai2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPal2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalsokarReddy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParry2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatelMasselos2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatil1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeri-urban_water_and_sanitation_services_policy,_planning_and_method2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerur2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhadke,_Manasi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhadnis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRana2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRay1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohliVega2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRooney2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRousselet1877\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawant2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeth2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeth2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaikh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirodkar1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShukla2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSitaram2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSitaram2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomayajiBhatnagar2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomit_SenManthan_K_Mehta2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonawane2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSource2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasuPardeshi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivastava2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrizower1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaminathanGoyal2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT_Surendar2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTembhekar2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilanilam2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVir_Sanghvi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVorasarun\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVorasarun2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWajihuddin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWasko2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeil2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWynne2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuleBurnell1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFg=Bubna2006\"] = 1,\n [\"UNB\"] = 1,\n [\"bi\"] = 1,\n [\"bom\"] = 1,\n [\"bru\"] = 1,\n [\"cent\"] = 1,\n [\"cng\"] = 1,\n [\"exe\"] = 1,\n [\"in08\"] = 1,\n [\"lsd\"] = 1,\n [\"maratha\"] = 1,\n [\"misra\"] = 1,\n [\"mp\"] = 1,\n [\"mumact\"] = 1,\n [\"n450\"] = 1,\n [\"pemmr\"] = 1,\n [\"plan\"] = 1,\n [\"prabhu\"] = 1,\n [\"proc\"] = 1,\n [\"wmo\"] = 1,\n [\"yakg\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 4,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 18,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 7,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite ODNB\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 75,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 151,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 177,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 15,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 25,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Designation list\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 14,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 3,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 2,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"GovPubs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 105,\n [\"Historical affiliations\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical population\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"Increase\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Maharashtra\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 9,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 2,\n [\"Megacities\"] = 1,\n [\"Million-plus agglomerations in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 4,\n [\"Mumbai metropolitan area\"] = 1,\n [\"Mumbai topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Mumbai weatherbox\"] = 1,\n [\"N/a\"] = 10,\n [\"Nativename\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Percentage\"] = 94,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 2,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"Seal\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"State and Union Territory capitals of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Tourist attractions in Mumbai\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 10,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n [\"World's most populated urban areas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","660","21.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","8.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","8.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","200","6.6"],["recursiveClone 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-20T17:31:45Z","dateModified":"2025-02-15T03:31:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e7\/BackBay_skyline.jpg","headline":"capital city in Maharashtra, India"}</script> </body> </html>