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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Real_people,_in_part_or_in_full" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_people,_in_part_or_in_full"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Real people, in part or in full</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_people,_in_part_or_in_full-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archetypes_and_stock_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archetypes_and_stock_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Archetypes and stock characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archetypes_and_stock_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Round_vs._flat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_vs._flat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Round vs. flat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_vs._flat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamic_vs._static" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamic_vs._static"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dynamic vs. static</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamic_vs._static-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regular,_recurring_and_guest_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regular,_recurring_and_guest_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Regular, recurring and guest characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regular,_recurring_and_guest_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classical analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Character (arts)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شخصية خيالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شخصية خيالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaj" title="Personaj – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Personaj" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personatge" title="Personatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Personatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktivn%C3%AD_postava" title="Fiktivní postava – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fiktivní postava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktiv_person" title="Fiktiv person – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fiktiv person" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figur_(Fiktion)" title="Figur (Fiktion) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Figur (Fiktion)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaje" title="Personaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Personaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikciulo" title="Fikciulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fikciulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikziozko_pertsonaia" title="Fikziozko pertsonaia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fikziozko pertsonaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="شخصیت (فعالیت‌های هنری) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شخصیت (فعالیت‌های هنری)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnage_de_fiction" title="Personnage de fiction – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Personnage de fiction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaazje" title="Personaazje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Personaazje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearsantacht_(na_heala%C3%ADona)" title="Pearsantacht (na healaíona) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pearsantacht (na healaíona)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaxe" title="Personaxe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Personaxe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%B1%EC%9E%A5%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%BC" title="등장인물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="등장인물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Գեղարվեստական կերպար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեղարվեստական կերպար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="पात्र (कलाशास्त्र) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पात्र (कलाशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmi%C5%A1ljeni_lik" title="Izmišljeni lik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izmišljeni lik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokoh_fiksi" title="Tokoh fiksi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tokoh fiksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaggio_immaginario" title="Personaggio immaginario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Personaggio immaginario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA" title="דמות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪಾತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98" title="პერსონაჟი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერსონაჟი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кейіпкер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кейіпкер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhusika_(fasihi)" title="Mhusika (fasihi) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mhusika (fasihi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8sonaj_fiksyon" title="Pèsonaj fiksyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pèsonaj fiksyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Каарман (искусство) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Каарман (искусство)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veik%C4%97jas" title="Veikėjas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veikėjas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kital%C3%A1lt_szerepl%C5%91" title="Kitalált szereplő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kitalált szereplő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Измислен лик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Измислен лик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watak_cereka" title="Watak cereka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Watak cereka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကာတွန်းဇာတ်ကောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာတွန်းဇာတ်ကောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personage" title="Personage – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Personage" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="キャラクター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャラクター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Персонаж – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Персонаж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollefigur" title="Rollefigur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rollefigur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaj" title="Personaj – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Personaj" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਪਾਤਰ (ਕਲਾ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਤਰ (ਕਲਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posta%C4%87_fikcyjna" title="Postać fikcyjna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Postać fikcyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personagem_fict%C3%ADcia" title="Personagem fictícia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Personagem fictícia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaj_fictiv" title="Personaj fictiv – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Personaj fictiv" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Персонаж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Персонаж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personazhi_(arte)" title="Personazhi (arte) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Personazhi (arte)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_character" title="Fictional character – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fictional character" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85" title="ڪردارن جا قسم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪردارن جا قسم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikt%C3%ADvna_postava" title="Fiktívna postava – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fiktívna postava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmi%C5%A1ljena_oseba" title="Izmišljena oseba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izmišljena oseba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C" title="کەسایەتیی خەیاڵی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەسایەتیی خەیاڵی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Измишљени лик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Измишљени лик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiktivni_lik" title="Fiktivni lik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fiktivni lik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvitteellinen_hahmo" title="Kuvitteellinen hahmo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvitteellinen hahmo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollfigur" title="Rollfigur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rollfigur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awudem_n_talalest" title="Awudem n talalest – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awudem n talalest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Персонаж – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Персонаж" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurgusal_karakter" title="Kurgusal karakter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurgusal karakter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Персонаж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Персонаж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="افسانوی کردار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افسانوی کردار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Nhân vật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E8%89%B2" title="脚色 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脚色" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פיקטיווער כאראקטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיקטיווער כאראקטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="角色 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="角色" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="角色 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="角色" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional being in a narrative</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the concise literary profile, see <a href="/wiki/Character_sketch" title="Character sketch">Character sketch</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg/220px-Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg/330px-Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg/440px-Four_Commedia_dell%E2%80%99Arte_Figures_claude-gillot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption>Four <i><a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a></i> characters, whose costumes and demeanor indicate the <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock character</a> roles that they portray in this genre</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a>, a <b>character</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Person" title="Person">person</a> or other being in a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> (such as a <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio series">radio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Television series">television series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Freeman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DiBattista_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiBattista-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person, in which case the distinction of a "fictional" versus "real" character may be made.<sup id="cite_ref-DiBattista_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiBattista-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc" style="font-style: normal;">χαρακτήρ</span></span>, the English word dates from the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it became widely used after its appearance in <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling" title="The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling">Tom Jones</a></i> by Henry Fielding in 1749.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison1998p51-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this, the sense of "a part played by an <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actor</a>" developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison1998p51-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Before this development, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Dramatis_personae" title="Dramatis personae">dramatis personae</a></i>, naturalized in English from Latin and meaning "masks of the drama", encapsulated the notion of characters from the literal aspect of <a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">masks</a>.) A character, particularly when enacted by an actor in the <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theater</a> or cinema, involves "the illusion of being a human person".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the end of the 18th century, the phrase "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_character" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:in character">in character</a>" has been used to describe an effective <a href="/wiki/Impersonation" class="mw-redirect" title="Impersonation">impersonation</a> by an actor.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison1998p51-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Art_(skill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Art (skill)">art</a> of creating characters, as practiced by actors or <a href="/wiki/Writers" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers">writers</a>, has been called <a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">characterization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison1998p51-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A character who stands as a representative of a particular <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">class</a> or group of people is known as a type.<sup id="cite_ref-b265_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b265-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Types include both <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock characters</a> and those that are more fully <a href="/wiki/Individual" title="Individual">individualized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b265_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b265-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The characters in <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>'s <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a></i></span> (1891) and <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Julie" title="Miss Julie">Miss Julie</a></i> (1888), for example, are representative of specific positions in the <a href="/wiki/Social_relation" title="Social relation">social relations</a> of class and <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>, such that the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_(narrative)" title="Conflict (narrative)">conflicts</a> between the characters reveal <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a> conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions (proairetic, <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">pragmatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proxemics" title="Proxemics">proxemic</a>) that it forms with the other characters.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically, often <a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">miming</a> shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality, <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">social order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Fiction_writing" title="Fiction writing">fiction writing</a>, authors create dynamic characters using various methods. Sometimes characters are conjured up from imagination; in other instances, they are created by amplifying the character trait of a real person into a new fictional creation.<sup id="cite_ref-Freeman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freeman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DiBattista_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiBattista-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_people,_in_part_or_in_full"><span id="Real_people.2C_in_part_or_in_full"></span>Real people, in part or in full</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Real people, in part or in full"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An author or creator basing a character on a real person can use a person they know, a historical figure, a current figure whom they have not met, or themselves, with the latter being either an author-surrogate or an example of <a href="/wiki/Self-insertion" title="Self-insertion">self-insertion</a>. The use of a famous person easily identifiable with certain character traits as the base for a principal character is a feature of <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> works, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Farm" title="Animal Farm">Animal Farm</a></i> by George Orwell, which portrays Soviet revolutionaries as pigs. Other authors, especially for <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical fiction</a>, make use of real people and create fictional stories revolving around their lives, as with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Wife" title="The Paris Wife">The Paris Wife</a></i> which revolves around <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archetypes_and_stock_characters">Archetypes and stock characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archetypes and stock characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg/290px-Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg/435px-Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg/580px-Patrick_Grant%27s_Jungian_View_of_LOTR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Literary scholar Patrick Grant matches characters from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> with Jungian archetypes.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_1973_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant_1973-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>An author can create a character using the basic character <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypes</a> which are common to many cultural traditions: the <a href="/wiki/Father_figure" title="Father figure">father figure</a>, mother figure, <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">hero</a>, and so on. Some writers make use of <a href="/wiki/Jungian_archetypes" title="Jungian archetypes">archetypes</a> as presented by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> as the basis for character traits.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, when an archetype from some system (such as Jung's) is used, elements of the story also follow the system's expectations in terms of <a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">storyline</a>. </p><p>An author can also create a fictional character using generic <a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock characters</a>, which are generally flat. They tend to be used for <a href="/wiki/Supporting_character" title="Supporting character">supporting</a> or minor characters. However, some authors have used stock characters as the starting point for building richly detailed characters, such as <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s use of the boastful soldier character as the basis for <a href="/wiki/Falstaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Falstaff">John Falstaff</a>. </p><p>Some authors create <a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">charactonyms</a> for their characters. A charactonym is a name that implies the psychological makeup of the person, makes an allegorical allusion, or makes reference to their appearance. For example, Shakespeare has an emotional young male character named <a href="/wiki/Mercutio" title="Mercutio">Mercutio</a>, John Steinbeck has a kind, sweet character named Candy in <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men" title="Of Mice and Men">Of Mice and Men</a></i>, and Mervyn Peake has a Machiavellian, manipulative, and murderous villain in <i><a href="/wiki/Gormenghast_(series)" title="Gormenghast (series)">Gormenghast</a></i> named <a href="/wiki/Steerpike" title="Steerpike">Steerpike</a>. The charactonym can also indicate appearance. For example, François Rabelais gave the name <a href="/wiki/Gargantua" class="mw-redirect" title="Gargantua">Gargantua</a> to a giant, and the huge whale in <i><a href="/wiki/Pinocchio_(1940_film)" title="Pinocchio (1940 film)">Pinocchio</a></i> (1940) is named <a href="/wiki/Monstro" class="mw-redirect" title="Monstro">Monstro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_vs._flat">Round vs. flat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Round vs. flat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i>Aspects of the Novel</i>, <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a> defined two basic types of characters, their qualities, functions, and importance for the development of the novel: <b>flat</b> characters and <b>round</b> characters.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flat characters are two-dimensional, in that they are relatively uncomplicated. By contrast, round characters are complex figures with many different characteristics, that undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In psychological terms, round or complex characters may be considered to have five personality dimensions under the <a href="/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits" title="Big Five personality traits">Big Five</a> model of personality.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five factors are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion" title="Extraversion and introversion">extraversion</a> (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreeableness" title="Agreeableness">agreeableness</a> (friendly/compassionate vs. critical/rational)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openness_to_experience" title="Openness to experience">openness to experience</a> (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientiousness" title="Conscientiousness">conscientiousness</a> (efficient/organized vs. extravagant/careless)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroticism" title="Neuroticism">neuroticism</a> (sensitive/nervous vs. resilient/confident)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock characters</a> are usually one-dimensional and thin. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Sue" title="Mary Sue">Mary Sues</a> are characters that usually appear in <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fan fiction</a> which are virtually devoid of flaws,<sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are therefore considered flat characters. </p><p>Another type of flat character is a "walk-on", a term used by <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Chatman" title="Seymour Chatman">Seymour Chatman</a> for characters that are not fully delineated and individualized; rather they are part of the background or the setting of the narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic_vs._static">Dynamic vs. static</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dynamic vs. static"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Character_arc" title="Character arc">Character arc</a></div> <p><b>Dynamic</b> characters are those that change over the course of the story, while <b>static</b> characters remain the same throughout. An example of a popular dynamic character in literature is <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Scrooge" title="Ebenezer Scrooge">Ebenezer Scrooge</a>, the protagonist of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i> by Charles Dickens. At the start of the story, he is a bitter miser, but by the end of the tale, he transforms into a kindhearted, generous man. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular,_recurring_and_guest_characters"><span id="Regular.2C_recurring_and_guest_characters"></span>Regular, recurring and guest characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regular, recurring and guest characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">Bit part</a></div> <p>In television, a regular, main or ongoing character is a character who appears in all or a majority of episodes, or in a significant chain of episodes of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular characters may be both core and secondary ones. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Recurring_character" title="Recurring character">recurring character</a> or supporting character often and frequently appears from time to time during the series' run.<sup id="cite_ref-Crafty_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crafty-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recurring characters often play major roles in more than one episode, sometimes being the main focus. </p><p>A guest or minor character is one who acts only in a few episodes or scenes. Unlike regular characters, the guest ones do not need to be carefully incorporated into the storyline with all its ramifications: they create a piece of drama and then disappear without consequences to the narrative structure, unlike core characters, for which any significant conflict must be traced during a considerable time, which is often seen as an unjustified waste of resources.<sup id="cite_ref-mcbeal_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcbeal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 147">: 147 </span></sup> There may also be a continuing or recurring guest character.<sup id="cite_ref-mcbeal_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcbeal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 151">: 151 </span></sup> Sometimes a guest or minor character may gain unanticipated popularity and turn into a regular or main one;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this is known as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_breakout_characters" title="List of breakout characters">breakout character</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ESL_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESL-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-This_definition_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-This_definition-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_analysis">Classical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Classical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics (Aristotle)</a></div> <p>In the earliest surviving work of <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_theory" title="Dramatic theory">dramatic theory</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 335 BCE</span>), the <a href="/wiki/Greek_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek philosophy">Classical Greek philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> states that character (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">ethos</a></i>) is one of six qualitative parts of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athenian</a> tragedy and one of the three objects that it <a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">represents</a> (1450a12).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He understands character not to denote a fictional person, but the quality of the person acting in the story and reacting to its situations (1450a5).<sup id="cite_ref-j984_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j984-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He defines character as "that which reveals <a href="/wiki/Decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Decision making">decision</a>, of whatever sort" (1450b8).<sup id="cite_ref-j984_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j984-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible, therefore, to have stories that do not contain "characters" in Aristotle's sense of the word, since character necessarily involves making the <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethical</a> dispositions of those performing the action clear.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If, in speeches, the speaker "decides or avoids nothing at all", then those speeches "do not have character" (1450b9—11).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aristotle argues for the primacy of <a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">plot</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mythos_(Aristotle)" title="Mythos (Aristotle)">mythos</a></i>) over character (<i>ethos</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>But the most important of these is the structure of the incidents. For (i) <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> is a representation not of human beings but of action and life. Happiness and unhappiness lie in action, and the end [of life] is a sort of action, not a quality; people are of a certain sort according to their characters, but happy or the opposite according to their actions. So [the actors] do not act in order to represent the characters, but they include the characters for the sake of their actions" (1450a15-23).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Aristotle suggests that works were distinguished in the first instance according to the nature of the person who created them: "the grander people represented fine actions, i.e. those of fine persons" by producing "hymns and praise-poems", while "ordinary people represented those of inferior ones" by "composing invectives" (1448b20—1449a5).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this basis, a distinction between the individuals represented in tragedy and in comedy arose: tragedy, along with <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a>, is "a representation of serious people" (1449b9—10), while <a href="/wiki/Comedy_(drama)" title="Comedy (drama)">comedy</a> is "a representation of people who are rather inferior" (1449a32—33).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Tractatus_coislinianus" title="Tractatus coislinianus">Tractatus coislinianus</a></i> (which may or may not be by Aristotle), <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_comedy" title="Ancient Greek comedy">Ancient Greek comedy</a> is defined as involving three types of characters: the <a href="/wiki/Buffoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffoon">buffoon</a> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B4molochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bômolochus">bômolochus</a></i></span></i>), the <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">ironist</a> (<i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Eiron" title="Eiron">eirōn</a></i></span></i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Imposter" class="mw-redirect" title="Imposter">imposter</a> or boaster (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Alazon" title="Alazon">alazṓn</a></i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three are central to <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a>' <a href="/wiki/Old_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Old comedy">Old Comedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> comic playwright <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautus</a> wrote his plays two centuries later, the use of characters to define dramatic <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> was well established.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i><a href="/wiki/Amphitryon_(Plautus_play)" title="Amphitryon (Plautus play)">Amphitryon</a></i> begins with a <a href="/wiki/Prologue" title="Prologue">prologue</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a> claims that since the play contains kings and gods, it cannot be a comedy and must be a <a href="/wiki/Tragicomedy" title="Tragicomedy">tragicomedy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising character">Advertising character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">Antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_character" title="Breaking character">Breaking character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_actor" title="Character actor">Character actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_animation" title="Character animation">Character animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_comedy" title="Character comedy">Character comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_dance" title="Character dance">Character dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_flaw" title="Character flaw">Character flaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">Characterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_piece" title="Character piece">Character piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_sketch" title="Character sketch">Character sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_character" title="Composite character">Composite character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumed_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Costumed character">Costumed character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declamation" title="Declamation">Declamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_character" title="Focal character">Focal character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_character" title="Gag character">Gag character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">Ghost character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_character" title="Out of character">Out of character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persona" title="Persona">Persona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">Protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_character_(video_games)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secret character (video games)">Secret character (video games)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_character" title="Supporting character">Supporting character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_character" title="Sympathetic character">Sympathetic character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unseen_character" title="Unseen character">Unseen character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_actor" title="Virtual actor">Virtual actor</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Freeman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freeman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freeman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Freeman2016" class="citation book cs1">Matthew Freeman (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rDBuDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT31"><i>Historicising Transmedia Storytelling: Early Twentieth-Century Transmedia Story Worlds</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1315439501" title="Special:BookSources/978-1315439501"><bdi>978-1315439501</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historicising+Transmedia+Storytelling%3A+Early+Twentieth-Century+Transmedia+Story+Worlds&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1315439501&rft.au=Matthew+Freeman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrDBuDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiBattista-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DiBattista_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DiBattista_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DiBattista_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_DiBattista2011" class="citation book cs1">Maria DiBattista (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5uATBJUxMqEC&pg=PT14"><i>Novel Characters: A Genealogy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444351552" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444351552"><bdi>978-1444351552</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novel+Characters%3A+A+Genealogy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1444351552&rft.au=Maria+DiBattista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5uATBJUxMqEC%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldick (2001, 37) and Childs and Fowler (2006, 23). See also "character, 10b" in Trumble and Stevenson (2003, 381): "A person portrayed in a novel, a drama, etc; a part played by an actor".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>OED</i> "character" sense 17.a citing, <i>inter alia</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">Dryden's</a> 1679 preface to <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i>: "The chief character or Hero in a Tragedy ... ought in prudence to be such a man, who has so much more in him of Virtue than of Vice... If Creon had been the chief character in <i>Œdipus</i>..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aston and Savona (1991, 34), quotation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[...] is first used in English to denote 'a personality in a novel or a play' in 1749 (<i>The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</i>, s.v.).</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison1998p51-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison1998p51_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison (1998, 51-2) quotation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Its use as 'the sum of the qualities which constitute an individual' is a mC17 development. The modern literary and theatrical sense of 'an individual created in a fictitious work' is not attested in OED until mC18: 'Whatever characters any... have for the jestsake personated... are now thrown off' (1749, Fielding, <i>Tom Jones</i>).</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pavis (1998, 47).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoserMiriam_MartinezCharles_FuhrkenKathleen_McDonnold2007" class="citation journal cs1">Roser, Nancy; Miriam Martinez; Charles Fuhrken; Kathleen McDonnold (2007). "Characters as Guides to Meaning". <i>The Reading Teacher</i>. <b>60</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">548–</span>559. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1598%2FRT.60.6.5">10.1598/RT.60.6.5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Reading+Teacher&rft.atitle=Characters+as+Guides+to+Meaning&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E548-%3C%2Fspan%3E559&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1598%2FRT.60.6.5&rft.aulast=Roser&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Miriam+Martinez&rft.au=Charles+Fuhrken&rft.au=Kathleen+McDonnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b265-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b265_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b265_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldick (2001, 265).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aston and Savona (1991, 35).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aston and Savona (1991, 41).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elam (2002, 133).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Childs and Fowler (2006, 23).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant_1973-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grant_1973_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1973" class="citation journal cs1">Grant, Patrick (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crosscurrents.org/tolkien.htm#_ednref9">"Tolkien: Archetype and Word"</a>. <i>Cross Currents</i> (Winter 1973): <span class="nowrap">365–</span>380.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cross+Currents&rft.atitle=Tolkien%3A+Archetype+and+Word&rft.issue=Winter+1973&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E365-%3C%2Fspan%3E380&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrosscurrents.org%2Ftolkien.htm%23_ednref9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaukeAlister2001" class="citation book cs1">Hauke, Christopher; Alister, Ian (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbt3Kjd3nMYC"><i>Jung and Film</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58391-132-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58391-132-7"><bdi>978-1-58391-132-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jung+and+Film&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58391-132-7&rft.aulast=Hauke&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Alister%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQbt3Kjd3nMYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffman-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanPatrick_D._Murphy1996" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Michael J; Patrick D. Murphy (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zxFqVTxvNA4C&pg=PA36"><i>Essentials of the theory of fiction</i></a> (2 ed.). Duke University Press, 1996. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1823-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1823-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-1823-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+the+theory+of+fiction&rft.pages=36&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press%2C+1996&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1823-1&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Michael+J&rft.au=Patrick+D.+Murphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxFqVTxvNA4C%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster1927" class="citation book cs1">Forster, E.M. (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.509170"><i>Aspects of the Novel</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Novel&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=E.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.509170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelican2020" class="citation book cs1">Pelican, Kira-Anne (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnabzQEACAAJ"><i>The Science of Writing Characters: Using Psychology to Create Compelling Fictional Characters</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-5722-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-5722-0"><bdi>978-1-5013-5722-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Writing+Characters%3A+Using+Psychology+to+Create+Compelling+Fictional+Characters&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5013-5722-0&rft.aulast=Pelican&rft.aufirst=Kira-Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNnabzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoccasSoniaSagivLilach2002" class="citation journal cs1">Roccas, Sonia, Sagiv, Lilach, Schwartz, Shalom H, et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167202289008">"The Big Five Personality Factors and Personal Values"</a>. <i>Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</i>. <b>28</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">789–</span>801. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167202289008">10.1177/0146167202289008</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144611052">144611052</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Social+Psychology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Big+Five+Personality+Factors+and+Personal+Values&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E789-%3C%2Fspan%3E801&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0146167202289008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144611052%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Roccas&rft.au=Sonia&rft.au=Sagiv&rft.au=Lilach&rft.au=Schwartz&rft.au=Shalom%2C+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F0146167202289008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennettLucyBoothPaul2016" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Lucy, Booth, Paul (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ydwuDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA160"><i>Seeing Fans: Representations of Fandom in Media and Popular Culture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a> US. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1501318474" title="Special:BookSources/978-1501318474"><bdi>978-1501318474</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+Fans%3A+Representations+of+Fandom+in+Media+and+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+US&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1501318474&rft.au=Bennett&rft.au=Lucy&rft.au=Booth&rft.au=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DydwuDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatman1980" class="citation book cs1">Chatman, Seymour Benjamin (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ewrOp9uPjYUC&pg=PA139"><i>Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9186-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9186-3"><bdi>978-0-8014-9186-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Story+and+Discourse%3A+Narrative+Structure+in+Fiction+and+Film&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9186-3&rft.aulast=Chatman&rft.aufirst=Seymour+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DewrOp9uPjYUC%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2008" class="citation book cs1">Sandler, Ellen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0YeCet_B_-IC&pg=PA40"><i>The TV Writer's Workbook: A Creative Approach To Television Scripts</i></a>. Random House Publishing Group. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-49221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-49221-0"><bdi>978-0-307-49221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+TV+Writer%27s+Workbook%3A+A+Creative+Approach+To+Television+Scripts&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-307-49221-0&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0YeCet_B_-IC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crafty-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crafty_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2006" class="citation book cs1">Epstein, Alex (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/craftytvwritingt00epst/page/27"><i>Crafty TV Writing: Thinking Inside the Box</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/craftytvwritingt00epst/page/27">27–28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-8028-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-8028-7"><bdi>0-8050-8028-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crafty+TV+Writing%3A+Thinking+Inside+the+Box&rft.pages=27-28&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8050-8028-7&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcraftytvwritingt00epst%2Fpage%2F27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcbeal-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcbeal_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcbeal_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2009" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Greg M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joaM7TvhSzUC"><i>Beautiful TV: The Art and Argument of Ally McBeal</i></a>. University of Texas Press. pp. 147, 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77784-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77784-2"><bdi>978-0-292-77784-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beautiful+TV%3A+The+Art+and+Argument+of+Ally+McBeal&rft.pages=147%2C+151&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77784-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Greg+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoaM7TvhSzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKukoff2006" class="citation book cs1">Kukoff, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T9zj0AqB6bUC&pg=PA62"><i>Vault Guide to Television Writing Careers</i></a>. Vault Inc. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58131-371-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58131-371-0"><bdi>978-1-58131-371-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vault+Guide+to+Television+Writing+Careers&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Vault+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58131-371-0&rft.aulast=Kukoff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT9zj0AqB6bUC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESL-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ESL_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeschler2000" class="citation web cs1">Weschler, Raymond (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eslnotes.com./movies/html/man-on-the-moon.html">"Man on the Moon"</a>. <i>English Learner Movie Guides</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Learner+Movie+Guides&rft.atitle=Man+on+the+Moon&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Weschler&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feslnotes.com.%2Fmovies%2Fhtml%2Fman-on-the-moon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-This_definition-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-This_definition_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Ron (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055123/http://www.thecolumnists.com/miller/miller426.html">"They really were a great bunch of happy people"</a>. TheColumnists.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecolumnists.com/miller/miller426.html">the original</a> on July 16, 2011. <q>Originally, the Arthur 'Fonzie' Fonzarelli character was to be a comic relief dropout type, put there for comic contrast to the whitebread Richie and his pals. He was a tall, lanky guy, but when Henry Winkler blew everybody away at his reading, they decided to cut Fonzie down to Henry's size. Ultimately, Winkler molded the character around himself and everybody, including Ron Howard, realized this would be the show's 'breakout' character.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=They+really+were+a+great+bunch+of+happy+people&rft.pub=TheColumnists.com&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecolumnists.com%2Fmiller%2Fmiller426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 8). Aristotle defines the six qualitative elements of tragedy as "plot, character, diction, reasoning, spectacle and song" (1450a10); the three objects are plot (<i><a href="/wiki/Mythos_(Aristotle)" title="Mythos (Aristotle)">mythos</a></i>), character (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">ethos</a></i>), and reasoning (<i><a href="/wiki/Dianoia" title="Dianoia">dianoia</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j984-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-j984_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j984_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 9, 84).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aristotle writes: "Again, without action, a tragedy cannot exist, but without characters, it may. For the tragedies of most recent [poets] lack character, and in general, there are many such poets" (1450a24-25); see Janko (1987, 9, 86).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 9).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aston and Savona (1991, 34) and Janko (1987, 8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 5). This distinction, Aristotle argues, arises from two causes that are natural and common to all humans—the delight taken in experiencing representations and the way in which we learn through imitation (1448b4—19); see Janko (1987, 4—5).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 6—7). Aristotle specifies that comedy does not represent all kinds of ugliness and vice, but only that which is laughable (1449a32—1449a37).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlson (1993, 23) and Janko (1987, 45, 170).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janko (1987, 170).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlson (1993, 22).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Amphritruo</i>, line 59.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Character_(arts)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Aston, Elaine, and George Savona. 1991. <i>Theatre as Sign-System: A Semiotics of Text and Performance</i>. London and New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-04932-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-04932-6">0-415-04932-6</a>.</li> <li>Baldick, Chris. 2001. <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms.</i> 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280118-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280118-X">0-19-280118-X</a>.</li> <li>Burke, Kenneth. 1945. <i>A Grammar of Motives</i>. California edition. Berkeley: U of California P, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01544-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01544-4">0-520-01544-4</a>.</li> <li>Carlson, Marvin. 1993. <i>Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present.</i> Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8154-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-8154-3">978-0-8014-8154-3</a>.</li> <li>Childs, Peter, and Roger Fowler. 2006. <i>The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms.</i> London and New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-34017-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-34017-9">0-415-34017-9</a>.</li> <li>Eco, Umberto. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sss.ut.ee/index.php/sss/article/view/SSS.2009.37.1-2.04/218">On the ontology of fictional characters: A semiotic approach.</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sign_Systems_Studies" title="Sign Systems Studies">Sign Systems Studies</a></i> 37(1/2): 82–98.</li> <li>Elam, Keir. 2002. <i>The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama</i>. 2nd edition. New Accents Ser. London and New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-28018-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-28018-4">0-415-28018-4</a>. Originally published in 1980.</li> <li>Goring, Rosemary, ed. 1994. <i>Larousse Dictionary of Literary Characters.</i> Edinburgh and New York: Larousse. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7523-0001-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7523-0001-6">0-7523-0001-6</a>.</li> <li>Harrison, Martin. 1998. <i>The Language of Theatre</i>. London: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87830-087-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87830-087-2">0-87830-087-2</a>.</li> <li>Hodgson, Terry. 1988. <i>The Batsford Dictionary of Drama.</i> London: Batsford. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-4694-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-4694-3">0-7134-4694-3</a>.</li> <li>Janko, Richard, trans. 1987. <i>Poetics with Tractatus Coislinianus, Reconstruction of Poetics II and the Fragments of the On Poets.</i> By <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. Cambridge: Hackett. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87220-033-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87220-033-7">0-87220-033-7</a>.</li> <li>McGovern, Una, ed. 2004. <i>Dictionary of Literary Characters.</i> Edinburgh: Chambers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-550-10127-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-550-10127-6">0-550-10127-6</a>.</li> <li>Pavis, Patrice. 1998. <i>Dictionary of the Theatre: Terms, Concepts, and Analysis.</i> Trans. Christine Shantz. Toronto and Buffalo: U of Toronto P. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-8163-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-8163-0">0-8020-8163-0</a>.</li> <li>Pringle, David. 1987. <i>Imaginary People: A Who's Who of Modern Fictional Characters.</i> London: Grafton. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-246-12968-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-246-12968-9">0-246-12968-9</a>.</li> <li>Rayner, Alice. 1994. <i>To Act, To Do, To Perform: Drama and the Phenomenology of Action.</i> Theater: Theory/Text/Performance Ser. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-10537-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-10537-X">0-472-10537-X</a>.</li> <li>Trumble, William R, and Angus Stevenson, ed. 2002. <i>Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles.</i> 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860575-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860575-7">0-19-860575-7</a>..</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaisley_LivingstonAndrea_Sauchelli2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Paisley Livingston; Andrea Sauchelli (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philpapers.org/rec/SAUPPO">"Philosophical Perspectives on Fictional Characters"</a>. <i>New Literary History</i>. 42, 2 (2): <span class="nowrap">337–</span>60.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Literary+History&rft.atitle=Philosophical+Perspectives+on+Fictional+Characters&rft.volume=42%2C+2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Paisley+Livingston&rft.au=Andrea+Sauchelli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FSAUPPO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharacter+%28arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Narrative" title="Template:Narrative"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Narrative" title="Template talk:Narrative"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Narrative"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Narrative321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">Narrative</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">Antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_arc" title="Character arc">Character arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_flaw" title="Character flaw">Character flaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characterization" title="Characterization">Characterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidant" title="Confidant">Confidant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteragonist" title="Deuteragonist">Deuteragonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_protagonist" title="False protagonist">False protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_character" title="Focal character">Focal character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">Foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_double" title="Gothic double">Gothic double</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamartia" title="Hamartia">Hamartia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Hero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Anti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">Protagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_man" title="Straight man">Straight man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_character" title="Supporting character">Supporting character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_character" title="Title character">Title character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritagonist" title="Tritagonist">Tritagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">Plot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_ovo" title="Ab ovo">Ab ovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_(narrative)" title="Action (narrative)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_story" title="Origin story">Origin story</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun" title="Chekhov's gun">Chekhov's gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clich%C3%A9" title="Cliché">Cliché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">Cliffhanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_(narrative)" title="Conflict (narrative)">Conflict</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deus_ex_machina" title="Deus ex machina">Deus ex machina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_in_writing" title="Dialogue in writing">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Dramatic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucatastrophe" title="Eucatastrophe">Eucatastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadowing" title="Foreshadowing">Foreshadowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashforward" title="Flashforward">Flashforward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">Frame story</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_medias_res" title="In medias res">In medias res</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kish%C5%8Dtenketsu" title="Kishōtenketsu">Kishōtenketsu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGuffin" title="MacGuffin">MacGuffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_(narrative)" title="Pace (narrative)">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">Plot device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_twist" title="Plot twist">Plot twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_justice" title="Poetic justice">Poetic justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_herring" title="Red herring">Red herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reveal_(narrative)" title="Reveal (narrative)">Reveal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-insertion" title="Self-insertion">Self-insertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaggy_dog_story" title="Shaggy dog story">Shaggy dog story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_arc" title="Story arc">Story arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story" title="Story within a story">Story within a story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subplot" title="Subplot">Subplot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspense" title="Suspense">Suspense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">Setting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstory" title="Backstory">Backstory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(fiction)" title="Crossover (fiction)">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_world_(plot_device)" title="Dream world (plot device)">Dreamworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_location" title="Fictional location">Fictional location</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional city">city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_country" title="Fictional country">country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">parallel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">Worldbuilding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theme_(narrative)" title="Theme (narrative)">Theme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">Irony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(narrative)" title="Motif (narrative)">Motif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil" title="Deal with the Devil">Deal with the Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Conflict between good and evil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy" title="Self-fulfilling prophecy">Self-fulfilling prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">Time travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Writing_style" title="Writing style">Style</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">Allegory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathos" title="Bathos">Bathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_relief" title="Comic relief">Comic relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diction" title="Diction">Diction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_of_speech" title="Figure of speech">Figure of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagery" title="Imagery">Imagery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(literature)" title="Mode (literature)">Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mood_(literature)" title="Mood (literature)">Mood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_techniques" title="List of narrative techniques">Narrative techniques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_hook" title="Narrative hook">Hook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show,_don%27t_tell" title="Show, don't tell">Show, don't tell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylistic_device" title="Stylistic device">Stylistic device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief" title="Suspension of disbelief">Suspension of disbelief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_(literature)" title="Tone (literature)">Tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_(drama)" title="Act (drama)">Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">Act structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-act_structure" title="Three-act structure">Three-act structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freytag%27s_Pyramid" class="mw-redirect" title="Freytag's Pyramid">Freytag's Pyramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_(narrative)" title="Exposition (narrative)">Exposition</a>/<a href="/wiki/Protasis" title="Protasis">Protasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitasis" title="Epitasis">Rising action/Epitasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climax_(narrative)" title="Climax (narrative)">Climax</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peripeteia" title="Peripeteia">Peripeteia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastasis" title="Catastasis">Falling action/Catastasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(drama)" title="Catastrophe (drama)">Denouement/Catastrophe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative structure">Linear narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_narrative" title="Nonlinear narrative">Nonlinear narrative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_films" title="List of nonlinear narrative films">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nonlinear_narrative_television_series" title="List of nonlinear narrative television series">television series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premise_(narrative)" title="Premise (narrative)">Premise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_fiction_with_multiple_endings" title="Types of fiction with multiple endings">Types of fiction with multiple endings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_narrative_forms" title="List of narrative forms">Form</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabliau" title="Fabliau">Fabliau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fiction" title="Flash fiction">Flash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fable" title="Fable">Fable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">Fairy tale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_tale" title="Tall tale">Tall tale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamebook" title="Gamebook">Gamebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_art" title="Narrative art">Narrative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">Narrative poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">Epic poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">Novella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">Short story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignette_(literature)" title="Vignette (literature)">Vignette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">Genre</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_genres" title="List of writing genres">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_fiction" title="Action fiction">Action fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_fiction" title="Adventure fiction">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_novel" title="Comic novel">Comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistolary_novel" title="Epistolary novel">Epistolary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_literature" title="Ergodic literature">Ergodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_literature" title="Erotic literature">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_fiction" title="Nautical fiction">Nautical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_fiction" title="Paranoid fiction">Paranoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_fiction" title="Philosophical fiction">Philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">Picaresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_fiction" title="Political fiction">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_culture_fiction" title="Pop culture fiction">Pop culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_fiction" title="Psychological fiction">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspirational_fiction" title="Inspirational fiction">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_novel" title="Romance novel">Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(prose_fiction)" title="Romance (prose fiction)">Prose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_fiction" title="Theological fiction">Theological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_fiction" title="Urban fiction">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction">Nonfiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_novel" title="Non-fiction novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_nonfiction" title="Creative nonfiction">Creative</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narration" title="Narration">Narration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">Diegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-person narrative">Second-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person narrative">Third-person</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_omniscient_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person omniscient narrative">Third-person omniscient narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narration#Subjective_or_objective" title="Narration">Subjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">Unreliable narrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiperspectivity" title="Multiperspectivity">Multiple narrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness" title="Stream of consciousness">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_unconsciousness" title="Stream of unconsciousness">Stream of unconsciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">Tense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">Past</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_tense" title="Future tense">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominant_narrative" title="Dominant narrative">Dominant narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiction_writing" title="Fiction writing">Fiction writing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_(fiction)" title="Continuity (fiction)">Continuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(fiction)" title="Canon (fiction)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboot_(fiction)" title="Reboot (fiction)">Reboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroactive_continuity" title="Retroactive continuity">Retcon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_novel" title="Parallel novel">Parallel novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prequel" title="Prequel">Prequel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sequel" title="Sequel">Sequel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">Genre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_genres" title="List of genres">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary science</a></li> <li><a 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