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id="toc-Republican_Party_split" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_Party_split"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Republican Party split</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_Party_split-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taft's_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taft's_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Taft's policies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taft's_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Court_power_and_judicial_recall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_power_and_judicial_recall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Court power and judicial recall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_power_and_judicial_recall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roosevelt_emboldened" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roosevelt_emboldened"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Roosevelt emboldened</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roosevelt_emboldened-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nominations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nominations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nominations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Republican Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_major_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_major_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Other major candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_major_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delegate_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delegate_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Delegate selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delegate_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Democratic Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_major_candidates_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_major_candidates_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Other major candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_major_candidates_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progressive_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progressive_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Progressive Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progressive_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socialist_Party_nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialist_Party_nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Socialist Party nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialist_Party_nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>General election</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General election subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_Vice_President_Sherman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_Vice_President_Sherman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Death of Vice President Sherman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_Vice_President_Sherman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_county" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_county"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>By county</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_county-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Results by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Democratic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Democratic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>States that flipped from Republican to Democratic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Democratic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Progressive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Progressive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>States that flipped from Republican to Progressive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Progressive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Close_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Close_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Close states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Close_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_in_major_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_in_major_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Results in major cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_in_major_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1912 United States presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_1912" title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1912 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات الرئاسة الأمريكية 1912" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6sidentvalget_i_USA_1912" title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1912 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Præsidentvalget i USA 1912" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sidentschaftswahl_in_den_Vereinigten_Staaten_1912" title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1912 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1912" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_presidenciales_de_Estados_Unidos_de_1912" title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1912 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1912" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_am%C3%A9ricaine_de_1912" title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1912 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle américaine de 1912" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%EB%85%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="1912년 미국 대통령 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1912년 미국 대통령 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_presidenziali_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America_del_1912" title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1912 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni presidenziali negli Stati Uniti d'America del 1912" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_1912" title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1912 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית 1912" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_(1912)" title="აშშ-ის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (1912) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშშ-ის საპრეზიდენტო არჩევნები (1912)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchaguzi_wa_Rais_wa_Marekani,_1912" title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1912 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 1912" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_presidentsverkiezingen_1912" title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1912 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse presidentsverkiezingen 1912" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="1912年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1912年アメリカ合衆国大統領選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_USA_1912" title="Presidentvalget i USA 1912 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Presidentvalget i USA 1912" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_prezydenckie_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych_w_1912_roku" title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1912 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory prezydenckie w Stanach Zjednoczonych w 1912 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_presidencial_nos_Estados_Unidos_em_1912" title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1912 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleição presidencial nos Estados Unidos em 1912" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90_(1912)" title="Президентские выборы в США (1912) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президентские выборы в США (1912)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election – Simple 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:100px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1912 United States presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>November 5, 1912</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />531 members of the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a><br />266 electoral votes needed to win</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">58.8% <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #3333FF;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 150px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -5px; width: 160px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Woodrow Wilson-H&E.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/160px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/240px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/320px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #a2ed70"><div class=""> <div style="width: 150px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Unsuccessful 1912 2.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg/150px-Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg/225px-Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg/300px-Unsuccessful_1912_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>435</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">88 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>40</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>6,296,284</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4,122,721 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>41.8%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">27.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E81B23;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 150px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unsuccessful_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Unsuccessful 1912.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Unsuccessful_1912.jpg/150px-Unsuccessful_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Unsuccessful_1912.jpg/225px-Unsuccessful_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Unsuccessful_1912.jpg/300px-Unsuccessful_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #CD3700;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 150px; height: 200px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eugene Debs portrait.jpeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg/150px-Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg/225px-Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg/300px-Eugene_Debs_portrait.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3443" data-file-height="4774" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Home state </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Running mate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a> <small> (replacing <a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a>) </small> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">8 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">States carried </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3,486,242 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">901,551 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">23.2% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6.0% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img 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href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="poly" coords="293,52,293,49,293,49,293,45,293,45,293,41,293,41,293,40,293,40,295,38,295,37,294,36,294,34,289,36,285,37,286,39,286,40,287,43,286,43,286,44,287,45,287,46,288,47,288,47,289,50,289,51,289,53" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="poly" coords="296,32,295,32,294,32,295,36,296,37,296,38,293,40,293,41,293,41,293,52,300,50,301,49,302,48,302,48,302,47,302,46,301,46,300,46,299,42" alt="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" shape="poly" coords="298,32,297,32,298,36,300,43,301,45,301,45,302,46,302,47,303,47,303,46,303,46,303,43,304,43,304,43,303,42,303,41,304,41,304,40,305,40,305,41,305,41,306,40,307,40,308,39,309,39,309,38,309,36,309,35,309,34,310,35,310,35,310,36,310,36,310,36,310,37,310,37,310,38,311,38,311,37,310,37,310,36,310,36,311,36,311,36,311,35,311,35,311,34,312,33,313,33,313,34,312,34,312,34,312,35,312,35,312,35,313,35,313,34,313,34,314,34,315,32,316,31,317,31,317,31,318,29,318,28,317,27,317,26,316,26,316,27,315,27,314,26,314,24,312,24,309,14,306,13,304,14,303,15,302,15,302,14,301,13,301,13,300,15,300,18,299,19,299,22,298,23,298,25,299,25,299,26,298,27,298,29" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Maine" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maine" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="poly" coords="289,58,289,53,294,52,300,51,301,50,301,49,302,49,303,50,303,51,302,51,302,53,303,54,303,53,304,53,306,57,307,57,309,56,309,55,308,54,307,54,307,54,308,54,309,55,309,56,309,56,309,57,308,57,306,58,306,58,306,59,306,59,306,59,307,59,309,59,310,59,310,59,310,60,309,60,309,59,307,59,307,60,306,60,306,60,305,60,305,60,306,59,305,60,305,59,305,59,305,58,305,57,304,58,304,59,303,59,302,57,301,56,294,57" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" shape="rect" coords="303,99,327,105" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Maryland" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maryland" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" shape="rect" coords="306,91,325,98" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Delaware" title="1912 United States presidential election in Delaware" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" shape="rect" coords="308,84,333,89" alt="1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" shape="rect" coords="315,72,335,79" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut" title="1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" shape="rect" coords="317,63,336,69" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" title="1912 United States presidential election in Rhode Island" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" shape="rect" coords="318,51,347,57" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" title="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" shape="rect" coords="271,21,291,28" alt="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont" title="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont" /><area href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" shape="rect" coords="275,14,298,20" alt="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div>Presidential election results map. <span style="color:blue;">Blue</span> denotes states won by Wilson/Marshall, <span style="color:lightgreen;">light green</span> denotes those won by Roosevelt/Johnson, <span style="color:red;">red</span> denotes those won by Taft/Butler. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a> were held in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on November 5, 1912. <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> of New Jersey unseated incumbent <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republican</a> president <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> while defeating former president <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (who ran under the banner of the new <a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive/"Bull Moose" Party</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roosevelt served as president from 1901 to 1909 as a Republican, and Taft succeeded him with his support. Taft's conservatism angered Roosevelt, so he challenged Taft for the party nomination at the <a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 Republican National Convention</a>. When Taft and his <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> allies narrowly prevailed, Roosevelt rallied his <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> supporters and launched a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third-party</a> bid. At the <a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">Democratic Convention</a>, Wilson won the presidential nomination on the 46th ballot, defeating Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Champ Clark</a> and several other candidates with the support of <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> and other progressive Democrats. The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a> renominated its perennial standard-bearer, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>. </p><p>The general election was bitterly contested by Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs. Roosevelt's "<a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalism</a>" platform called for <a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">social insurance</a> programs, reduction to an <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_workday" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour workday">eight-hour workday</a>, and robust federal regulation of the economy. Wilson's "<a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">New Freedom</a>" platform called for <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a> reduction, banking reform, and new <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust regulation</a>. Incumbent Taft conducted a subdued campaign based on his platform of "progressive conservatism". Debs, who was attempting to gain widespread support for his <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> policies, claimed that Wilson, Roosevelt and Taft were all financed by different factions within the <a href="/wiki/Capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> trusts, and that Roosevelt in particular was a <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagogue</a> using socialistic language in order to divert socialist policies up safe channels for the capitalist establishment. </p><p>The Republican split enabled Wilson to win 40 states and a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a> in the electoral college with just 41.8% of the popular vote, the lowest vote share for a victorious presidential candidate since <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>. Wilson was the first Democrat to win a presidential election since <a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a> as well as the first presidential candidate to receive over 400 electoral votes in a presidential election. Roosevelt finished second with 88 electoral votes and 27% of the popular vote. Taft carried 23% of the national vote and won two states, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>. Debs, the fourth-place finisher, won no electoral votes but received 6% of the popular vote, which remains the highest percentage of the vote ever won by a socialist candidate in the history of US presidential elections. This is the most recent presidential election, and the first since <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>, in which the Democratic ticket has consisted of sitting governors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Republican president Theodore Roosevelt had declined to run for re-election in <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a> in fulfillment of a pledge to the American people not to seek a third term.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt had tapped Secretary of War William Howard Taft to become his successor, and Taft defeated <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> in the 1908 general election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_Party_split">Republican Party split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Republican Party split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg/330px-For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg/495px-For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg/660px-For_Auld_Lang_Syne_-_Leonard_Raven-Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Punch_(magazine)" title="Punch (magazine)">Punch</a></i> cartoon by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Raven-Hill" title="Leonard Raven-Hill">Leonard Raven-Hill</a>, depicting the perceived aggression between Taft and Roosevelt.</figcaption></figure> <p>During Taft's administration, a rift developed between Roosevelt and Taft, and they became the leaders of the Republican Party's two wings: <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a> led by Roosevelt and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a> led by Taft.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressives favored labor restrictions protecting women and children, promoted ecological <a href="/wiki/Conservation_(ethic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (ethic)">conservation</a>, and were more sympathetic toward <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor unions</a>. They also favored the popular election of federal and state judges over appointment by the president or governors. Conservatives supported <a href="/wiki/Tariff_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariff in United States history">high tariffs to encourage domestic production</a>, but favored business leaders over labor unions and were generally opposed to the popular election of judges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taft's_policies"><span id="Taft.27s_policies"></span>Taft's policies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taft's policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cracks in the party began to show when Taft supported the <a href="/wiki/Payne%E2%80%93Aldrich_Tariff_Act" title="Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act">Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act</a> in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act favored the industrial Northeast and angered the Northwest and South, where demand was strong for tariff reductions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in his term, President Taft had promised to stand for a lower tariff bill, but <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a> had been a major policy of the Republican Party since its founding.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taft also fought against Roosevelt's antitrust policy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt distinguished "good trusts" from "bad trusts", for which he had been lambasted.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taft argued that all monopolies must be broken up. Taft also fired popular conservationist <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a> as head of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Forestry">Bureau of Forestry</a> in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1910, the split within the party was deep, and Roosevelt and Taft turned against one another despite their personal friendship. In that summer Roosevelt began a national speaking tour, during which he outlined his progressive philosophy and the <a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalist</a> platform, which he introduced in a speech in <a href="/wiki/Osawatomie,_Kansas" title="Osawatomie, Kansas">Osawatomie, Kansas</a>, on August 31.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Court_power_and_judicial_recall">Court power and judicial recall</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Court power and judicial recall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another source of tension involved the authority of the nation's courts, especially the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court.</a> As early as 1910, Roosevelt had begun criticizing certain court decisions, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lochner_v._New_York" title="Lochner v. New York">Lochner v. New York</a></i> (1905), and those jurists whom he dubbed "fossilized judges." He believed that the Supreme Court was interpreting the due process clause of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a> and the doctrine of "freedom of contract" to forestall necessary reform legislation, such as the limiting of work hours. He, as well as more populist progressives like <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, came out in favor of an amendment to allow the recall of judges and, possibly, judicial decisions. This outraged Taft (a former judge and future Supreme Court <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice)</a> and other constitutional conservatives, like <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a>. Taft considered Roosevelt a danger to constitutional government and resolved to resist his eventual challenge for the Republican nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roosevelt_emboldened">Roosevelt emboldened</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roosevelt emboldened"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1910 United States House of Representatives elections">1910 midterm elections</a>, the Republicans lost 57 seats in the House of Representatives as the Democrats gained a majority for the first time since <a href="/wiki/1894_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1894 United States House of Representatives elections">1894</a>. These results were a large defeat for the conservative wing of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_E._Campbell_(academic)" title="James E. Campbell (academic)">James E. Campbell</a> writes that one cause may have been a large number of progressive voters choosing third-party candidates over conservative Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt continued to reject calls to run for president into 1911. In a January letter to newspaper editor <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>, he wrote, "I do not think there is one chance in a thousand that it will ever be wise to have me nominated."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, speculation continued, further harming Roosevelt and Taft's relationship. After months of continually increasing support, Roosevelt changed his position, writing to journalist Henry Beach Needham in January 1912 that if the nomination "comes to me as a genuine public movement of course I will accept."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nominations">Nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_Party_nomination">Republican Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Republican Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)"><img alt="Republican Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/65px-Republican_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/98px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Republican_Disc.svg/130px-Republican_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Republican Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big><b>1912 Republican Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">William Howard Taft</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">James S. Sherman</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#FFD0D7;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg/150px-William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg/225px-William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg/300px-William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5473" data-file-height="7297" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg/150px-James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg/225px-James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg/300px-James_Schoolcraft_Sherman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">27th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1909–1913)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">27th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1909–1912)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft#1912_presidential_campaign_and_election" title="William Howard Taft"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>566 Delegates<br />791,425</b> votes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_major_candidates">Other major candidates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other major candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center; width:650px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#E81B23;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by number of delegates won in the nomination race</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr.">Robert La Follette</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Albert Cummins</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/91px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/137px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/183px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_M_La_Follette,_Sr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/89px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/133px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg/178px-Robert_M_La_Follette%2C_Sr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif/lossy-page1-113px-Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif/lossy-page1-169px-Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif/lossy-page1-225px-Cummins-Albert-Baird-1911.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>Fmr. President of the United States<br />from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><br />(1901–1909) </td> <td>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a><br /><small>(1906–1925)</small> </td> <td>U.S. Senator<br />from <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a><br /><small>(1908–1926)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt#Election_of_1912" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette#1912_presidential_election" title="Robert M. La Follette">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins#Pursuit_of_the_presidency" title="Albert B. Cummins">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: June 22, 1912</i><br /><b>466 Delegates<br />1,183,238</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: June 22, 1912</i><br /><b>36 Delegates<br />336,373</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: June 22, 1912</i><br /><b>10 Delegates<br />0</b> votes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delegate_selection">Delegate selection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Delegate selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Republican Party presidential primaries">1912 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <p>For the first time, many convention <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)" title="Delegate (American politics)">delegates</a> were elected in <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">presidential preference primaries</a>. Progressive Republicans advocated <a href="/wiki/Primary_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary elections">primary elections</a> as a way of breaking the control of political parties by <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">bosses</a>. Altogether, twelve states held Republican primaries. </p><p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. La Follette, Sr.">Robert "Fighting Bob" La Follette</a> won two of the first four primaries (North Dakota and his home state of Wisconsin), but Taft won a major victory in Roosevelt's home state of New York and continued to rack up delegates in more conservative, traditional state conventions. </p><p>Beginning with a runaway victory in Illinois on April 9, Roosevelt won nine of the last ten presidential primaries (including Taft's home state of Ohio), losing only Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taft also had support from the bulk of the Southern Republican organizations. Delegates from the former Confederate states supported Taft by a 5 to 1 margin. These states had voted <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">solidly Democratic</a> in every presidential election since <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>, and Roosevelt objected that they were given one-quarter of the delegates when they would contribute nothing to a Republican victory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Convention">Convention</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 Republican National Convention</a></div> <p>For the Republican National Convention, held June 18-22 in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, 388 delegates were selected through the primaries and Roosevelt won 281 delegates, Taft received 71 delegates, and La Follette received 36 delegates. However, Taft had a 566–466 margin, placing him over the 540 needed for nomination, with the delegations selected at state conventions. Roosevelt accused the Taft faction of having over 200 fraudulently selected delegates. However, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> ruled in favor of Taft for 233 of the delegate cases while 6 were in favor of Roosevelt. The committee reinvestigated the 92 of the contested delegates and ruled in favor of Taft for all of them.<sup id="cite_ref-roosevelt_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roosevelt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roosevelt supporters criticized the large amount of delegates coming from areas the Republicans would not win, with over 200 delegates coming from areas that had not been won by a Republican since the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1877" title="Compromise of 1877">Compromise of 1877</a>, or the four delegates that came from the territories which didn't vote in the general election. However, Roosevelt had rejected an attempt to abolish delegations from the south at the <a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908 Republican National Convention</a> due to him needing them for Taft's nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-roosevelt_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roosevelt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Hadley" title="Herbert S. Hadley">Herbert S. Hadley</a> served as Roosevelt's floor manager at the convention. Hadley made a motion for 74 of Taft's delegates to be replaced by 72 delegates after the reading of the convention call, but his motion was ruled out of order. <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a>, a supporter of Taft, was selected to chair the convention after winning 558 votes against <a href="/wiki/Francis_E._McGovern" title="Francis E. McGovern">McGovern</a>'s 501 votes. Root was accused of having won through the <a href="/wiki/Rotten_and_pocket_boroughs" title="Rotten and pocket boroughs">rotten boroughs</a> of the southern delegations as every northern state, except for four, voted for McGovern.<sup id="cite_ref-roosevelt_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roosevelt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his closing speech, Root reiterated the party's support of "constitutional checks and limitations" by quoting figures like Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, and Abraham Lincoln, effectively rebuking Roosevelt's support of the judicial recall and identifying the GOP with constitutional conservatism.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roosevelt broke with tradition and attended the convention, where he was welcomed with great support from voters.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Roosevelt's presence in Chicago and his attempts to disqualify Taft supporters, the incumbent ticket of Taft and <a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> was renominated on the first ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherman was the first sitting vice president re-nominated since <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> in <a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>. After losing the vote, Roosevelt announced the formation of a new party dedicated "to the service of all the people."<sup id="cite_ref-O'Laughlin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Laughlin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would later come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">Progressive Party</a>. Roosevelt announced that his party would hold its convention in Chicago and that he would accept their nomination if offered.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Laughlin_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Laughlin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Taft decided not to campaign before the election beyond his acceptance speech on August 1.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> presented Taft's name for the nomination. Taft won the nomination while 344 of Roosevelt's delegates abstained from the vote. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Justin_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Justin Allen">Henry Justin Allen</a> read a speech from Roosevelt in which he criticized the process and stated that delegates had been stolen from his in order to secure Taft's nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-roosevelt_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roosevelt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Presidential Ballot</b><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></th> <th>561 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></th> <th>107 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a></th> <th>41 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Albert B. Cummins</a></th> <th>17 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></th> <th>2 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Present, not voting</th> <th>344 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Absent</th> <th>6 </th></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Vice Presidential Ballot</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a></th> <th>596 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">William Borah</a></th> <th>21 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Charles Edward Merriam</a></th> <th>20 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Hadley" title="Herbert S. Hadley">Herbert S. Hadley</a></th> <th>14 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Beveridge" title="Albert J. Beveridge">Albert J. Beveridge</a></th> <th>2 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Party_nomination">Democratic Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Democratic Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 Democratic National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><img alt="Democratic Party (United States)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/65px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/98px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Democratic_Disc.svg/130px-Democratic_Disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Democratic Party (United States)</figcaption></figure><big><b>1912 Democratic Party ticket </b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Woodrow Wilson</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#3333FF; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Thomas R. Marshall</span></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#C8EBFF; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/154px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/232px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg/309px-Woodrow_Wilson-H%26E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2308" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_(3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg/150px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg/225px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg/300px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot_%283x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="3062" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of governors of New Jersey">34th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a><br /><small>(1911–1913)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Indiana" title="List of governors of Indiana">27th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor of Indiana</a><br /><small>(1909–1913)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson#Presidential_election_of_1912" title="Woodrow Wilson"><b>Campaign</b></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><abbr title="Before Convention">BC</abbr> <b>122 Delegates<br />527,296</b> votes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_major_candidates_2">Other major candidates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other major candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center; width:800px; font-size:120%; color:white; background:#3333FF;"><i>Candidates in this section are sorted by number of delegates won in the nomination race</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Champ Clark</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Oscar Underwood</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Judson Harmon</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Eugene Foss</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas Marshall</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChampClark.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ChampClark.png/99px-ChampClark.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ChampClark.png/149px-ChampClark.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ChampClark.png/199px-ChampClark.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg/81px-Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg/121px-Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg/162px-Oscar_W._Underwood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg/88px-JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg/132px-JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg/177px-JudsonHarmonLOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_Foss.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Governor_Foss.png/88px-Governor_Foss.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Governor_Foss.png/132px-Governor_Foss.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Governor_Foss.png/176px-Governor_Foss.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg/98px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg/147px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg/197px-Thomas_Riley_Marshall_headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3161" data-file-height="3858" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a><br /><small>(1911–1919)</small> </td> <td>U.S. Congressman<br />from <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a><br /><small>(1897–1915)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Ohio">Governor</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a><br /><small>(1909–1913)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br /><small>(1911–1914)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">Governor</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a><br /><small>(1909–1913)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark#Politics" title="Champ Clark">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood#Political_career" title="Oscar Underwood">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon#Presidential_candidate" title="Judson Harmon">Campaign</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall#Election" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>423 Delegates<br />427,938</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>84 Delegates<br />114,947</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>48 Delegates<br />128,633</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>36 Delegates<br />0</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>30 Delegates<br />0</b> votes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Simeon Baldwin</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/John_Burke_(North_Dakota_politician)" title="John Burke (North Dakota politician)">John Burke</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg/88px-Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg/132px-Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg/175px-Simeon_E._Baldwin_LCCN2014685131_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="4793" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnBurke1908.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnBurke1908.png/96px-JohnBurke1908.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnBurke1908.png/144px-JohnBurke1908.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnBurke1908.png/193px-JohnBurke1908.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Connecticut">Governor</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a><br /><small>(1911–1915)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Dakota" title="Governor of North Dakota">Governor</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a><br /><small>(1907–1913)</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin#Political_life" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Campaign</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Burke_(North_Dakota_politician)" title="John Burke (North Dakota politician)">Campaign</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>14 Delegates<br />0</b> votes </td> <td><i><abbr title="Lost Nomination">LN</abbr>: July 2, 1912</i><br /><b>10 Delegates<br />9,357</b> votes </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In early 1912, it was widely believed that three-time Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> would make a fourth attempt to earn the party's nomination, and would likely not have difficulty in earning it. However, Bryan announced several months before the convention that he was not interested in another run for the White House. Though still seen by many as the Democrats' ideological leader, power shifts within the party in the wake of their success at the 1910 mid-term elections meant that Bryan could no longer be guaranteed the two-thirds majority needed to earn the nomination. </p><p>Bryan privately conceded that his three presidential runs having all ended in decisive losses, firstly to <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, and then to Taft, would seriously handicap his credibility as a candidate, even if the 1904 election, the only one of the previous four in which Bryan was not the Democratic candidate, had resulted in an even more lop-sided defeat for the party. However, Bryan still had enough followers in the party that he was in a strong position to be the kingmaker at the convention. </p><p>The Democratic National Convention was held in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> from June 25 to July 2. Initially, the front-runner was <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> <a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Champ Clark</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>. Though Clark received the most votes on early ballots, he was unable to get the <a href="/wiki/Two-thirds_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-thirds rule">two-thirds majority required</a> to win. </p><p>Clark's chances were hurt when <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a>, the powerful <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> Democratic <a href="/wiki/Political_machine" title="Political machine">political machine</a>, threw its support behind him. The Tammany endorsement caused Bryan to turn against Clark, whom he decried as the candidate of <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, and shift his support to Woodrow Wilson, the reformist Governor of New Jersey. Wilson had consistently finished second in balloting, and nearly gave up hope and almost freed his delegates to vote for another candidate. Instead, Bryan's defection from Clark to Wilson led many other delegates to do the same. Wilson gradually gained strength while Clark's support dwindled, and Wilson finally received the nomination on the 46th ballot. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana" title="Governor of Indiana">governor of Indiana</a> who had swung Indiana's votes to Wilson, was named Wilson's running mate. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>(1-24) </th> <th style="text-align:center" colspan="25">Presidential Ballot </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>1st</th> <th>2nd</th> <th>3rd</th> <th>4th</th> <th>5th</th> <th>6th</th> <th>7th</th> <th>8th</th> <th>9th</th> <th>10th</th> <th>11th</th> <th>12th</th> <th>13th</th> <th>14th</th> <th>15th</th> <th>16th</th> <th>17th</th> <th>18th</th> <th>19th</th> <th>20th</th> <th>21st</th> <th>22nd</th> <th>23rd</th> <th>24th </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> </th> <td style="background:#82caff">324 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">339.75 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">345 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">349.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">351 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">354 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">352.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">351.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">352.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">350.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">354.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">354 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">356 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">361 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">362.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">362.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">362.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">361 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">358 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">388.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">395.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">396.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">399 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">402.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> </th> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">440.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">446.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">441 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">443 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">443 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">445 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">449.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">448.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">452 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">556 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">554 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">547.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">554.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">553 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">552 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">551 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">545 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">535 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">532 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">512 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">508 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">500.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">497.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">496 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Harmon</a> </th> <td style="background:#c2dfff">148 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">141 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">140.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">136.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">141.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">135 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">129.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">130 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">127 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> </th> <td>117.5 </td> <td>111.25 </td> <td>114.5 </td> <td>112 </td> <td>119.5 </td> <td>121 </td> <td>123.5 </td> <td>123 </td> <td>122.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">117.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">118.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">123 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">115.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">111 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">110.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">125 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">130 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">121.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">118.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">115 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">114.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">115.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Foss</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">T. Marshall</a> </th> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Baldwin</a> </th> <td>22 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W.J. Bryan</a> </th> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Murray_James" title="Ollie Murray James">James</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">Sulzer</a> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Gaynor" title="William Jay Gaynor">Gaynor</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Blank </th> <td>2 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>(25–46) </th> <th style="text-align:center" colspan="23">Presidential Ballot </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>25th</th> <th>26th</th> <th>27th</th> <th>28th</th> <th>29th</th> <th>30th</th> <th>31st</th> <th>32nd</th> <th>33rd</th> <th>34th</th> <th>35th</th> <th>36th</th> <th>37th</th> <th>38th</th> <th>39th</th> <th>40th</th> <th>41st</th> <th>42nd</th> <th>43rd</th> <th>44th</th> <th>45th</th> <th>46th</th> <th>Unanimous </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> </th> <td style="background:#82caff">405 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">407.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">406.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">437.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">436 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">460 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">475.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">477.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">477.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">479.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">494.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">496.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">496.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">498.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">501.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">501.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">499.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">494 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">602 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">629 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">633 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">990 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">1,088 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> </th> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">469 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">463.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">469 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">468.5 </td> <td style="background:#5cb3ff">468.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">455 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">446.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">446.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">447.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">447.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">433.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">434.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">432.5 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">425 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">422 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">423 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">424 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">430 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">329 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">306 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">306 </td> <td style="background:#82caff">84 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Harmon</a> </th> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>25 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">12 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> </th> <td style="background:#c2dfff">108 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">112 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">121.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">116.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">119.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">103.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">101.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">101.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">98.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">100.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">106 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">106 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">106 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">106 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">104 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">98.5 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">99 </td> <td style="background:#c2dfff">97 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Foss</a> </th> <td>43 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">T. Marshall</a> </th> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Simeon_E._Baldwin" title="Simeon E. Baldwin">Baldwin</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W.J. Bryan</a> </th> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Murray_James" title="Ollie Murray James">James</a> </th> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">Sulzer</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Gaynor" title="William Jay Gaynor">Gaynor</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a> </th> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Blank </th> <td>0 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>2.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>1.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><b>Vice Presidential Ballot</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>1st</th> <th>2nd</th> <th>Unanimous </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></th> <th>389</th> <th>644.5</th> <th>1,088 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Burke_(North_Dakota_politician)" title="John Burke (North Dakota politician)">John Burke</a></th> <th>304.67</th> <th>386.33</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/George_Earle_Chamberlain" class="mw-redirect" title="George Earle Chamberlain">George E. Chamberlain</a></th> <th>157</th> <th>12.5</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elmore_W._Hurst" title="Elmore W. Hurst">Elmore W. Hurst</a></th> <th>78</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/James_H._Preston" title="James H. Preston">James H. Preston</a></th> <th>58</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Martin_Joseph_Wade" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Joseph Wade">Martin J. Wade</a></th> <th>26</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">William F. McCombs</a></th> <th>18</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/John_Eugene_Osborne" title="John Eugene Osborne">John E. Osborne</a></th> <th>8</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">William Sulzer</a></th> <th>3</th> <th>0</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Blank</th> <th>46.33</th> <th>44.67</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Progressive_Party_nomination">Progressive Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Progressive Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1912_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1912 Progressive National Convention">1912 Progressive National Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)"><img alt="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg/70px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg/105px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg/140px-Theodore_Roosevelt_1912_Progressive_Party_bull_moose_campaign_button.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Progressive Party (United States, 1912)</figcaption></figure><big><b>1912 Progressive Party ticket</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Theodore Roosevelt</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#228B22; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Hiram Johnson</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000000; font-size:100%;"> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; font-size:100%; color:#000; background:#90EE90; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/152px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/228px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg/304px-Theodore_Roosevelt-Pach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="1211" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg/134px-Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg/201px-Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg/268px-Portrait_of_Hiram_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">26th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a><br /><small>(1901–1909)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_California" title="List of governors of California">23rd</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a><br /><small>(1911–1917)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg/330px-Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg/495px-Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg/660px-Aa_addams_work_2_e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2891" data-file-height="2142" /></a><figcaption>The Progressive convention at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coliseum" title="Chicago Coliseum">Chicago Coliseum</a>, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>Taft had won the Republican nomination while 344 of Roosevelt's delegates abstained from the vote. Later that day supporters of Roosevelt met in the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Center" title="Symphony Center">Chicago Orchestra Hall</a> and nominated him as an independent candidate for president which Roosevelt accepted although he requested a formal convention. Roosevelt initially considered not running as a third-party candidate until <a href="/wiki/George_Walbridge_Perkins" title="George Walbridge Perkins">George Walbridge Perkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Munsey" title="Frank Munsey">Frank Munsey</a> offered their financial support. Roosevelt and his supporters formed the <a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive Party</a> at a convention, temporarily chaired by Senator <a href="/wiki/Albert_J._Beveridge" title="Albert J. Beveridge">Albert J. Beveridge</a>, on August 5, and <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a> was selected as his vice-presidential running mate. <a href="/wiki/Ben_B._Lindsey" title="Ben B. Lindsey">Ben B. Lindsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_M._Parker" title="John M. Parker">John M. Parker</a> had been considered for the presidential nomination, but Parker and Lindsey instead both nominated Johnson for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-roosevelt_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roosevelt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Progressives promised to increase federal regulation and protect the welfare of ordinary people. At the convention, Perkins blocked an antitrust plank, shocking reformers who thought of Roosevelt as a true trust-buster.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The delegates to the convention sang the hymn "<a href="/wiki/Onward,_Christian_Soldiers" title="Onward, Christian Soldiers">Onward, Christian Soldiers</a>" as their anthem. In his acceptance speech, Roosevelt compared the coming presidential campaign to the Battle of <a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a> and stated that the Progressives were going to "battle for the Lord."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialist_Party_nomination">Socialist Party nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Socialist Party nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1912_National_Socialist_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 National Socialist Convention">1912 National Socialist Convention</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America"><img alt="Socialist Party of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif/70px-Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif/105px-Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif/140px-Socialist_Party_of_America_-_Logo.gif 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Socialist Party of America</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CD3700; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Eugene V. Debs</span></a> </th> <th style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#CD3700; width:200px;"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Emil Seidel</span></a> </th></tr> <tr style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#EF7245;"> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for President</b></i> </td> <td style="width:3em; width:200px;"><i><b>for Vice President</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg/169px-Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg/253px-Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Eugene_V_Debs_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg/143px-Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg/214px-Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg/285px-Seidell-Emil-1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Senate" title="Indiana Senate">Indiana state senator</a><br /><small>(1885–1889)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Milwaukee" title="List of mayors of Milwaukee">36th</a><br />Mayor of Milwaukee<br /><small>(1910–1912)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Socialist candidates: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Senate" title="Indiana Senate">state senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Milwaukee" title="List of mayors of Milwaukee">Mayor of Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Russell" title="Charles Edward Russell">Charles Edward Russell</a>, journalist from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debs_campaign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Debs_campaign.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>Eugene V. Debs's popular vote results were the highest for the Socialist party.</figcaption></figure> <p>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> had won in multiple elections between the 1908 and 1912 presidential elections with <a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a> being elected as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Milwaukee" title="List of mayors of Milwaukee">mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, Wisconsin, and <a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Victor L. Berger</a> was elected to the United States House of Representatives. The party claimed that it had 435 members elected to office by 1911, and over one thousand by 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-socialist_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socialist-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dan Hogan put Debs name up for the presidential nomination. Debs won the presidential nomination, although he had supported giving the nomination to the <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_Reason_(newspaper)" title="Appeal to Reason (newspaper)">Appeal to Reason</a>'s editor Fred Warren, with 165 votes while Seidel received 56 votes and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Russell" title="Charles Edward Russell">Charles Edward Russell</a> received 54 votes. Seidel was given the vice-presidential nomination against Russell and Hogan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the presidential ballot Seidel and Russell proposed a motion to make Debs' nomination unanimous and it was accepted. Hogan and Slayton proposed to make the nomination of Seidel unanimous after the vice-presidential selection and it was accepted. <a href="/wiki/Otto_Branstetter" title="Otto Branstetter">Otto Branstetter</a>, Berger, and <a href="/wiki/Carl_D._Thompson" title="Carl D. Thompson">Carl D. Thompson</a>, who were serving as delegates, voted for Seidel during the presidential balloting. <a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Morris Hillquit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meyer_London" title="Meyer London">Meyer London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Spargo" title="John Spargo">John Spargo</a>, who were serving as delegates, supported Russell during the presidential balloting. Hogan, a delegate from Arkansas, had supported Debs during the presidential balloting.<sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/J._Mahlon_Barnes" title="J. Mahlon Barnes">J. Mahlon Barnes</a>, who had managed Debs' campaign in the 1908 election, also managed the campaign in 1912. The Socialists predicted that they would receive over two million votes and have twelve members elected to Congress, but Debs only received 897,011 votes and Berger lost reelection. Debs received his largest number of votes from <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1912 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> while his best percentage was in <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1912 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a>. The largest percentage gain since the 1908 presidential election was in <a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1908 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> where their vote total increased by over 300%. <a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">George Brinton McClellan Harvey</a> stated that had Roosevelt not run then Debs would have gained an additional half a million votes.<sup id="cite_ref-socialist_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socialist-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Socialists in the state legislatures increased from twenty to twenty-one.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Presidential ballot</th> <th>1st ballot</th> <th>2nd ballot</th> <th>Vice-presidential ballot</th> <th>1st ballot</th> <th>2nd ballot </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></td> <td>165</td> <td>Unanimous</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a></b></td> <td>159</td> <td>Unanimous </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a></td> <td>56</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Hogan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Hogan (page does not exist)">Dan Hogan</a></td> <td>73</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Russell" title="Charles Edward Russell">Charles Edward Russell</a></td> <td>54</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_W._Slayton" title="John W. Slayton">John W. Slayton</a></td> <td>24</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reference</th> <th><sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th><sup id="cite_ref-selection_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election">General election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roosevelt conducted a vigorous national campaign for the Progressive Party, denouncing the way the Republican nomination had been "stolen". He bundled together his reforms under the rubric of "The <a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalism</a>" and stumped the country for a strong federal role in regulating the economy and chastising bad corporations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Roosevelt rallied progressives with speeches denouncing the political establishment. He promised "an expert tariff commission, wholly removed from the possibility of political pressure or of improper business influence."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Wilson supported a policy called "<a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">The New Freedom</a>". This policy was based mostly on individualism instead of a strong government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TR-Chemist-1912.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/TR-Chemist-1912.JPG/288px-TR-Chemist-1912.JPG" decoding="async" width="288" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/TR-Chemist-1912.JPG/432px-TR-Chemist-1912.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/TR-Chemist-1912.JPG/576px-TR-Chemist-1912.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption> A Republican editorial cartoon depicts Roosevelt mixing "radical" ingredients in his speeches.</figcaption></figure><p> Wilson opposed Roosevelt's proposal to establish a powerful state bureaucracy charged with regulating large corporations, with Wilson instead favoring the break-up of large corporations in order to create a level economic playing field. Though Wilson's rhetoric paid homage to the traditional Democratic Party skepticisms of government and "collectivism", after his election win Wilson would embrace some of the progressive reforms which Roosevelt had campaigned on. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg/191px-PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg/286px-PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/PostcardTaftPensionExaminer1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>A Republican campaign postcard charges a Wilson administration would force pensioners back to work.</figcaption></figure><p>Taft campaigned quietly and spoke of the need for judges to be more powerful than elected officials. The departure of the progressives left the Republican Party firmly controlled by the conservative wing. Much of the Republican effort was designed to discredit Roosevelt as a dangerous radical, but this had little effect.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many of the nation's pro-Republican newspapers depicted Roosevelt as an <a href="/wiki/Egotism" title="Egotism">egotist</a> running only to spoil Taft's chances and feed his vanity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Socialists had little funding compared to the Republican, Democratic and Progressive campaigns. Debs' campaign spent only $66,000, mostly on 3.5 million leaflets and travel to locally organized rallies. Debs' biggest event was a speech to 15,000 supporters in New York City. The crowd sang "<a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>." Debs's running mate <a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a> boasted: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Only a year ago workingmen were throwing decayed vegetables and rotten eggs at us but now all is changed... Eggs are too high. There is a great giant growing up in this country that will someday take over the affairs of this nation. He is a little giant now but he is growing fast. The name of this little giant is socialism.</p></blockquote> <p>Debs claimed that there was no hope under the present decaying capitalist system, and that the worker who votes the Republican or Democratic ticket does worse than throw away his vote, as he is a deserter of his class and becomes his own worst enemy. Debs insisted that Democrats, Progressives, and Republicans alike were financed by different factions within the capitalist trusts, and that only the Socialists represented labor. Debs condemned "Injunction Bill Taft" and condemned Roosevelt for stealing his socialist clothes with the intent to make socialist policies "safer" for the establishment. </p><p>At a campaign speech in Philadelphia on September 28, 1912, Debs said of Roosevelt: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Theodore Roosevelt now alludes to me as "Brother Debs". I do not acknowledge the new relation. I still wish to be the undesirable citizen in his eyes. If he knew me then, I know him now. I know what he stands for and what his methods are. I know he is the enemy of the workers. I know he is now trying to deceive that class to further his own selfish ambition — to get back into the White House and if possible remain there for life.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt">Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a campaign stop in Milwaukee on October 14, <a href="/wiki/John_Schrank" title="John Schrank">John Schrank</a>, a saloonkeeper from New York, shot Roosevelt in the chest. The bullet penetrated his steel eyeglass case and a 50-page single-folded copy of his speech <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Progressive_Cause_Greater_Than_Any_Individual" class="extiw" title="s:Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual">Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual</a></i> and became lodged in his chest. Schrank was immediately disarmed and captured.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrank had been stalking Roosevelt. He was suffering from delusion and said the ghost of President McKinley ordered him to kill Roosevelt to prevent a third term.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roosevelt shouted for Schrank to remain unharmed and assured the crowd he was all right, then ordered police to take charge of Schrank and ensure no violence was done to him.<sup id="cite_ref-remey_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remey-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt, an experienced hunter and anatomist, correctly concluded that since he was not coughing blood, the bullet had not reached his lung. He declined suggestions to go to the hospital and instead delivered his <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/I_have_just_been_shot" class="extiw" title="s:I have just been shot">scheduled speech</a> with blood seeping into his shirt.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His opening comments to the gathered crowd were, "Ladies and gentlemen, I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot, but it takes more than that to kill a bull moose." He spoke for 90 minutes before completing his speech and accepting medical attention.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-speech_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterward, probes and an x-ray showed that the bullet had lodged in Roosevelt's chest muscle, but did not penetrate the <a href="/wiki/Pleura" title="Pleura">pleura</a>. Doctors concluded that it would be less dangerous to leave it in place than to attempt to remove it, and Roosevelt carried the bullet with him for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taft was not campaigning and focused on his presidential duties. Wilson briefly suspended his campaigning. By October 17, Wilson was back on the campaign trail but avoided any criticism of Roosevelt or his party.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roosevelt spent two weeks recuperating before returning to the campaign trail with a major speech on October 30, designed to reassure his supporters he was strong enough for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_Vice_President_Sherman">Death of Vice President Sherman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Death of Vice President Sherman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 30, 1912, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> died of <a href="/wiki/Nephritis" title="Nephritis">nephritis</a>, leaving Taft without a running mate less than a week before the election. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, was quickly chosen to replace Sherman on the Republican ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>27.9% of the voting age population and 59% of eligible voters participated in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson captured the presidency handily by carrying a record 40 states. As of 2024, this is the only presidential election since <a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a> in which 4 candidates received more than 5% of the popular vote and a third-party candidate outperformed a major party candidate in the general election. This election saw the lowest turnout among eligible voters since the <a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836 presidential election</a>, falling 20 points short of the turnout in the <a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896 election</a>. The implementation of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> after the Reconstruction Era significantly reduced Black voter turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson won the presidency with a lower percentage of the popular vote than any candidate since <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1860. Taft's result remains the worst performance for any incumbent president, both in terms of electoral votes (8) and share of popular votes (23.17%). His 8 electoral votes remain the fewest by a Republican and by any major-party candidate, matched by <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">Alf Landon's 1936 campaign</a>. His 23.17% of the popular vote is the lowest ever for a Republican or any major party nominee. </p><p>This was the first time since 1852 that Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Rhode Island voted for a Democrat, and the first time in history that Massachusetts voted Democratic. Democrats would not win Maine again until 1964, Connecticut and Delaware until 1936, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, West Virginia, and Wisconsin until 1932, and Massachusetts and Rhode Island until 1928. Additionally, it was the last time until 1932 that the Republicans failed to win Michigan, Minnesota and South Dakota. This is one of two times since 1852 that Maine and Vermont did not support the same party (the other being in 1968). Theodore Roosevelt's 88 electoral votes and 27.4% of the popular vote are the highest won by a third party in a presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-how_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Wilson's raw vote total and percentage was less than William Jennings Bryan's total in any of his three campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In only two regions, New England and the Pacific, was Wilson's vote greater than the greatest Bryan vote.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1912 election was the first to include all 48 of the current <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a>.</p><div style="overflow:auto;"> Only 12 of the 48 states saw a candidate win with a majority of the popular vote. Wilson won a majority in the 11 former <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate states</a>. Only South Dakota, where Taft did not appear on the ballot, gave Roosevelt a majority. Taft won only two states, Vermont and Utah, each with a plurality.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated14-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the only time in American history that three people who at some point served as president ran in the same election. <p>Wilson finished 1st in 40 states. He finished 2nd behind Roosevelt in 5 states, and 2nd behind Taft only in Utah. He finished 3rd in 2 states, in Michigan where Roosevelt finished 1st and Taft finished 2nd, and in Vermont where Taft finished 1st and Roosevelt finished 2nd. </p><p>Roosevelt would win the most electoral votes out of any third-party candidate in American history, finishing 1st in 6 states.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He finished 2nd in 24 states, behind Wilson in 23, and behind Taft in Vermont. He finished 3rd in 17 states. In 15 of those, Wilson finished 1st and Taft finished 2nd. In the other two, Taft finished 1st and Wilson finished 2nd in Utah, while Wilson finished 1st and Debs finished 2nd in Florida. Roosevelt was not on the ballot in Oklahoma. </p><p>Taft finished 1st in Vermont and Utah. He finished 2nd in 18 states, behind Wilson in 17 of those. The one exception was Michigan where Taft finished 2nd behind Roosevelt. He finished 3rd in 21 states. In 18 of those, Wilson finished 1st and Roosevelt finished 2nd. In the other 3, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Washington, Roosevelt finished 1st and Wilson finished 2nd. Taft also finished 4th in 5 states. In 4 of those, the top 3 in order were Wilson-Roosevelt-Debs. In Florida, Wilson finished 1st, Debs finished 2nd, and Roosevelt finished 3rd. While not on the ballot in California, Taft received 3,914 write-in votes in the state, placing him 5th, behind Roosevelt, Wilson, Debs, and Chafin. Taft was not on the ballot at all in South Dakota, not even as a write-in option. </p><p>Debs finished 2nd in Florida behind Wilson. He finished 3rd in 7 states. In Nevada, Arizona, Louisiana and Mississippi, Wilson finished 1st, Roosevelt finished 2nd, Debs finished 3rd and Taft finished 4th. The other 3 states where Debs finished 3rd were Oklahoma, where Roosevelt was not on the ballot; South Dakota, where Taft was not on the ballot; and California, where Taft was not on the ballot, but received write-in votes, causing Taft to finish 5th in California. Debs finished 4th in 38 states. Debs was beaten by Chafin in two states, Vermont and Delaware, with Debs finishing 5th in both states. </p><p>Chafin finished last in 18 states. The states where Chafin avoided finishing last were 19 of the 20 states where Reimer was on the ballot – Reimer finished last in all 20 states that he contested – as well as Vermont and Delaware, where Chafin managed to force Debs into last place. The other state where Chafin avoided last place was California, where Taft was only a write-in candidate and finished last. Reimer was not on the ballot in 28 states, while Chafin was not on the ballot in 8 states. Only in Utah was Reimer on the ballot but Chafin was not. </p><p>5.44% of Taft's votes came from the eleven states of the former Confederacy, with him taking 12.22% of the vote in that region while Roosevelt took 16.76%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherman1973263_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1973263-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_county">By county</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: By county"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a plurality of 1,396 counties, no candidate obtained a majority.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated17_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated17-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson won 1,969 counties but held a majority in only 1,237, less than Bryan had had in any of his campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Other(s)", mostly Roosevelt, won a plurality in 772 counties and a majority in 305 counties. Most of them in Pennsylvania (48), Illinois (33), Michigan (68), Minnesota (75), <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a> (49), South Dakota (54), Nebraska (32), Kansas (51), Washington (38), and California (44). </p><p>Debs carried four counties: <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Minnesota" title="Lake County, Minnesota">Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beltrami_County,_Minnesota" title="Beltrami County, Minnesota">Beltrami</a> in Minnesota, <a href="/wiki/Burke_County,_North_Dakota" title="Burke County, North Dakota">Burke</a> in North Dakota, and <a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Kansas" title="Crawford County, Kansas">Crawford</a> in Kansas. These are the only counties ever to vote for the Socialist presidential nominee. </p><p>Taft won a plurality in only 232 counties and a majority in only 35. In addition to South Dakota and California, where there was no Taft ticket, Taft carried no counties in Maine, New Jersey, Minnesota, Nevada, Arizona, and seven "<a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a>" states.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated15-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nine counties did not record any votes due to either <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era">black disenfranchisement</a> or being inhabited only by Native Americans, who would not gain full citizenship for twelve more years. As of 2024, 1912 remains the last election in which the key Indiana counties of <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Indiana" title="Hamilton County, Indiana">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hendricks_County,_Indiana" title="Hendricks County, Indiana">Hendricks</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Walworth_County,_Wisconsin" title="Walworth County, Wisconsin">Walworth County, Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Kentucky" title="Pulaski County, Kentucky">Pulaski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurel_County,_Kentucky" title="Laurel County, Kentucky">Laurel Counties</a> in Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Hawkins_County,_Tennessee" title="Hawkins County, Tennessee">Hawkins County, Tennessee</a> have given a plurality to the Democratic candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-how_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg/360px-United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg/540px-United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg/720px-United_States_Electoral_College_1912.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Electoral results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Presidential candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Home state </th> <th colspan="2">Popular vote </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral<br />vote </th> <th colspan="3">Running mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>Count </th> <th>Percentage </th> <th>Vice-presidential candidate </th> <th>Home state </th> <th>Electoral vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,296,284 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.84% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">435 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">435 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,122,721 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.40% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">88 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (incumbent)</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,486,242 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.17% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></b> </td> <td>New York </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">901,551 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.99% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._Chafin" title="Eugene W. Chafin">Eugene W. Chafin</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">208,156 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.38% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b> </td> <td>Ohio </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Reimer" title="Arthur E. Reimer">Arthur E. Reimer</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,324 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.19% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><b> <a href="/wiki/August_Gillhaus" title="August Gillhaus">August Gillhaus</a></b> </td> <td>New York </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>4,556 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>— </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><b>Other</b> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <td>15,048,834 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>531 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>531 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:right"> <th colspan="5">Needed to win </th> <td>266 </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td>266 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Wilson</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:41.84%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">41.84%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Roosevelt</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A2ED70; width:27.40%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">27.40%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Taft</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:23.17%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">23.17%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Debs</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CD3700; width:5.99%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.99%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#777777; width:1.60%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.60%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Electoral vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Wilson</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#3333FF; width:81.92%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">81.92%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Roosevelt</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#A2ED70; width:16.57%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.57%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Taft</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#E81B23; width:1.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.51%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><b>Source (Popular Vote):</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1912&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1912 Presidential Election Results"</a>. <i>Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1912+Presidential+Election+Results&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1912%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <p><b>Source (Electoral Vote):</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/1912#certificates">"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Box+Scores+1789%E2%80%931996&rft.pub=National+Archives+and+Records+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Felectoral-college%2F1912%23certificates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_state">Results by state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Results by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Johnson</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td>States/districts won by <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #33f 3px; border-bottom: solid #33f 3px;">Woodrow Wilson<br />Democratic </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #c97979 3px; border-bottom: solid #c97979 3px;">Theodore Roosevelt<br />Progressive "Bull Moose" </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #f33 3px; border-bottom: solid #f33 3px;">William H. Taft<br />Republican </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #c00 3px; border-bottom: solid #c00 3px;">Eugene V. Debs<br />Socialist </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #f09 3px; border-bottom: solid #f09 3px;">Eugene Chafin<br />Prohibition </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: solid #DD051D 3px; border-bottom: solid #DD051D 3px;">Arthur Reimer<br />Socialist Labor </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Margin </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">State Total </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">State </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number">electoral<br />votes </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-=""># </th> <th style="text-align:center;" data-sort-="">% </th> <th style="text-align:center; font-size: 60%" data-sort-type="number"># </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1912 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>82,438 </td> <td>69.89 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>22,680 </td> <td>19.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,807 </td> <td>8.31 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,029 </td> <td>2.57 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>59,758 </td> <td>50.66 </td> <td>117,959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AL </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1912 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>10,324 </td> <td>43.52 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6,949 </td> <td>29.29 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,021 </td> <td>12.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,163 </td> <td>13.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>265 </td> <td>1.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,375 </td> <td>14.23 </td> <td>23,722 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AZ </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>68,814 </td> <td>55.01 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>21,644 </td> <td>17.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,585 </td> <td>20.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,153 </td> <td>6.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>908 </td> <td>0.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>43,229 </td> <td>34.55 </td> <td>125,104 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">AR </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1912 United States presidential election in California">California</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>283,436 </td> <td>41.81 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>283,610 </td> <td>41.83 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>3,914 </td> <td>0.58 </td> <td>- </td> <td>79,201 </td> <td>11.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,366 </td> <td>3.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>-174 </td> <td>-0.03 </td> <td>673,527 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1912 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>114,232 </td> <td>42.80 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>72,306 </td> <td>27.09 </td> <td>- </td> <td>58,386 </td> <td>21.88 </td> <td>- </td> <td>16,418 </td> <td>6.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,063 </td> <td>1.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>475 </td> <td>0.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>41,926 </td> <td>15.71 </td> <td>266,880 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CO </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>74,561 </td> <td>39.16 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>34,129 </td> <td>17.92 </td> <td>- </td> <td>68,324 </td> <td>35.88 </td> <td>- </td> <td>10,056 </td> <td>5.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,068 </td> <td>1.09 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,260 </td> <td>0.66 </td> <td>- </td> <td>6,237 </td> <td>3.28 </td> <td>190,398 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">CT </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1912 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>22,631 </td> <td>46.48 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>8,886 </td> <td>18.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>15,998 </td> <td>32.85 </td> <td>- </td> <td>556 </td> <td>1.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>623 </td> <td>1.28 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>6,633 </td> <td>13.62 </td> <td>48,694 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">DE </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1912 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>35,343 </td> <td>69.52 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4,555 </td> <td>8.96 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,279 </td> <td>8.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,806 </td> <td>9.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,854 </td> <td>3.65 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>30,537 </td> <td>60.07 </td> <td>50,837 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">FL </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1912 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>93,087 </td> <td>76.63 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>21,985 </td> <td>18.10 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,191 </td> <td>4.27 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,058 </td> <td>0.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>149 </td> <td>0.12 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>71,102 </td> <td>58.53 </td> <td>121,470 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">GA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1912 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>33,921 </td> <td>32.08 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>25,527 </td> <td>24.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>32,810 </td> <td>31.02 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,960 </td> <td>11.31 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,536 </td> <td>1.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,111 </td> <td>1.05 </td> <td>105,754 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ID </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1912 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29 </td> <td>405,048 </td> <td>35.34 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>386,478 </td> <td>33.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>253,593 </td> <td>22.13 </td> <td>- </td> <td>81,278 </td> <td>7.09 </td> <td>- </td> <td>15,710 </td> <td>1.37 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,066 </td> <td>0.35 </td> <td>- </td> <td>18,570 </td> <td>1.62 </td> <td>1,146,173 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IL </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td>281,890 </td> <td>43.07 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>162,007 </td> <td>24.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>151,267 </td> <td>23.11 </td> <td>- </td> <td>36,931 </td> <td>5.64 </td> <td>- </td> <td>19,249 </td> <td>2.94 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,130 </td> <td>0.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>119,883 </td> <td>18.32 </td> <td>654,474 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IN </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1912 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>185,325 </td> <td>37.64 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>161,819 </td> <td>32.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>119,805 </td> <td>24.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>16,967 </td> <td>3.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,440 </td> <td>1.71 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,506 </td> <td>4.77 </td> <td>492,356 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">IA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>143,663 </td> <td>39.30 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>120,210 </td> <td>32.88 </td> <td>- </td> <td>74,845 </td> <td>20.47 </td> <td>- </td> <td>26,779 </td> <td>7.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,453 </td> <td>6.42 </td> <td>365,497 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KS </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1912 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>219,484 </td> <td>48.48 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>101,766 </td> <td>22.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>115,510 </td> <td>25.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,646 </td> <td>2.57 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,253 </td> <td>0.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,055 </td> <td>0.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>103,974 </td> <td>22.97 </td> <td>452,714 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">KY </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>60,871 </td> <td>76.81 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9,283 </td> <td>11.71 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,833 </td> <td>4.84 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,261 </td> <td>6.64 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>51,588 </td> <td>65.10 </td> <td>79,248 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>51,113 </td> <td>39.43 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>48,495 </td> <td>37.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>26,545 </td> <td>20.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,541 </td> <td>1.96 </td> <td>- </td> <td>946 </td> <td>0.73 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,618 </td> <td>2.02 </td> <td>129,640 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ME </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>112,674 </td> <td>48.57 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>57,789 </td> <td>24.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>54,956 </td> <td>23.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,996 </td> <td>1.72 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,244 </td> <td>0.97 </td> <td>- </td> <td>322 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>54,885 </td> <td>23.66 </td> <td>231,981 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MD </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 </td> <td>173,408 </td> <td>35.53 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>142,228 </td> <td>29.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>155,948 </td> <td>31.95 </td> <td>- </td> <td>12,616 </td> <td>2.58 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,754 </td> <td>0.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,102 </td> <td>0.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>17,460 </td> <td>3.58 </td> <td>488,056 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MA </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1912 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15 </td> <td>150,751 </td> <td>27.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>214,584 </td> <td>38.95 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>152,244 </td> <td>27.63 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,211 </td> <td>4.21 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,934 </td> <td>1.62 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,252 </td> <td>0.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-62,340 </td> <td>-11.31 </td> <td>550,976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MI </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>106,426 </td> <td>31.84 </td> <td>- </td> <td>125,856 </td> <td>37.66 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>64,334 </td> <td>19.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>27,505 </td> <td>8.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>7,886 </td> <td>2.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,212 </td> <td>0.66 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-19,430 </td> <td>-5.81 </td> <td>334,219 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MN </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>57,324 </td> <td>88.90 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>3,549 </td> <td>5.50 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,560 </td> <td>2.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,050 </td> <td>3.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>53,775 </td> <td>83.39 </td> <td>64,483 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MS </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1912 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">18 </td> <td>330,746 </td> <td>47.35 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>124,375 </td> <td>17.80 </td> <td>- </td> <td>207,821 </td> <td>29.75 </td> <td>- </td> <td>28,466 </td> <td>4.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,380 </td> <td>0.77 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,778 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>122,925 </td> <td>17.60 </td> <td>698,566 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MO </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>27,941 </td> <td>35.00 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>22,456 </td> <td>28.13 </td> <td>- </td> <td>18,512 </td> <td>23.19 </td> <td>- </td> <td>10,885 </td> <td>13.64 </td> <td>- </td> <td>32 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>5,485 </td> <td>6.87 </td> <td>79,826 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MT </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1912 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>109,008 </td> <td>43.69 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>72,681 </td> <td>29.13 </td> <td>- </td> <td>54,226 </td> <td>21.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>10,185 </td> <td>4.08 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,383 </td> <td>1.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>36,327 </td> <td>14.56 </td> <td>249,483 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NE </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1912 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>7,986 </td> <td>39.70 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5,620 </td> <td>27.94 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,196 </td> <td>15.89 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,313 </td> <td>16.47 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,366 </td> <td>11.76 </td> <td>20,115 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NV </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>34,724 </td> <td>39.48 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>17,794 </td> <td>20.23 </td> <td>- </td> <td>32,927 </td> <td>37.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,981 </td> <td>2.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>535 </td> <td>0.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,797 </td> <td>2.04 </td> <td>87,961 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NH </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">14 </td> <td>178,289 </td> <td>41.20 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>145,410 </td> <td>33.60 </td> <td>- </td> <td>88,835 </td> <td>20.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>15,948 </td> <td>3.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,936 </td> <td>0.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,321 </td> <td>0.31 </td> <td>- </td> <td>32,879 </td> <td>7.60 </td> <td>432,739 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NJ </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>20,437 </td> <td>41.39 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>8,347 </td> <td>16.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>17,733 </td> <td>35.91 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,859 </td> <td>5.79 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,704 </td> <td>5.48 </td> <td>49,376 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NM </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1912 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">45 </td> <td>655,573 </td> <td>41.27 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>390,093 </td> <td>24.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>455,487 </td> <td>28.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>63,434 </td> <td>3.99 </td> <td>- </td> <td>19,455 </td> <td>1.22 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,273 </td> <td>0.27 </td> <td>- </td> <td>200,086 </td> <td>12.60 </td> <td>1,588,315 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NY </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1912 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>144,407 </td> <td>59.24 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>69,135 </td> <td>28.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>29,129 </td> <td>11.95 </td> <td>- </td> <td>987 </td> <td>0.40 </td> <td>- </td> <td>118 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>75,272 </td> <td>30.88 </td> <td>243,776 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NC </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1912 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>29,555 </td> <td>34.14 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>25,726 </td> <td>29.71 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,090 </td> <td>26.67 </td> <td>- </td> <td>6,966 </td> <td>8.05 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,243 </td> <td>1.44 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,829 </td> <td>4.42 </td> <td>86,580 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">ND </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1912 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24 </td> <td>424,834 </td> <td>40.96 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>229,807 </td> <td>22.16 </td> <td>- </td> <td>278,168 </td> <td>26.82 </td> <td>- </td> <td>90,144 </td> <td>8.69 </td> <td>- </td> <td>11,511 </td> <td>1.11 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,630 </td> <td>0.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>146,666 </td> <td>14.14 </td> <td>1,037,094 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OH </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1912 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td> <td>119,156 </td> <td>46.95 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>90,786 </td> <td>35.77 </td> <td>- </td> <td>41,674 </td> <td>16.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,185 </td> <td>0.86 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>28,370 </td> <td>11.18 </td> <td>253,801 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OK </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1912 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>47,064 </td> <td>34.34 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>37,600 </td> <td>27.44 </td> <td>- </td> <td>34,673 </td> <td>25.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>13,343 </td> <td>9.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,360 </td> <td>3.18 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,464 </td> <td>6.91 </td> <td>137,040 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">OR </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1912 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">38 </td> <td>395,637 </td> <td>32.49 </td> <td>- </td> <td>444,894 </td> <td>36.53 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>273,360 </td> <td>22.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>83,614 </td> <td>6.87 </td> <td>- </td> <td>19,525 </td> <td>1.60 </td> <td>- </td> <td>706 </td> <td>0.06 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-49,257 </td> <td>-4.04 </td> <td>1,217,736 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1912 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>30,412 </td> <td>39.04 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>16,878 </td> <td>21.67 </td> <td>- </td> <td>27,703 </td> <td>35.56 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,049 </td> <td>2.63 </td> <td>- </td> <td>616 </td> <td>0.79 </td> <td>- </td> <td>236 </td> <td>0.30 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,709 </td> <td>3.48 </td> <td>77,894 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">RI </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1912 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td>48,357 </td> <td>95.94 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>1,293 </td> <td>2.57 </td> <td>- </td> <td>536 </td> <td>1.06 </td> <td>- </td> <td>164 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>47,064 </td> <td>93.37 </td> <td>50,350 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SC </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1912 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>48,942 </td> <td>42.07 </td> <td>- </td> <td>58,811 </td> <td>50.56 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,662 </td> <td>4.01 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,910 </td> <td>3.36 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>-9,869 </td> <td>-8.48 </td> <td>116,325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SD </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1912 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>133,021 </td> <td>52.80 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>54,041 </td> <td>21.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>60,475 </td> <td>24.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>3,564 </td> <td>1.41 </td> <td>- </td> <td>832 </td> <td>0.33 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>72,546 </td> <td>28.80 </td> <td>251,933 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TN </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">20 </td> <td>221,589 </td> <td>72.73 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>28,853 </td> <td>8.86 </td> <td>- </td> <td>26,755 </td> <td>9.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>25,743 </td> <td>8.25 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,738 </td> <td>0.57 </td> <td>- </td> <td>442 </td> <td>0.14 </td> <td>- </td> <td>192,736 </td> <td>63.17 </td> <td>305,120 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">TX </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1912 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>36,579 </td> <td>32.55 </td> <td>- </td> <td>24,174 </td> <td>21.51 </td> <td>- </td> <td>42,100 </td> <td>37.46 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>9,023 </td> <td>8.03 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>510 </td> <td>0.45 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-5,521 </td> <td>-4.91 </td> <td>112,386 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">UT </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFB6B6"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>15,354 </td> <td>24.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>22,132 </td> <td>35.22 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,332 </td> <td>37.13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>928 </td> <td>1.48 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,095 </td> <td>1.74 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>-1,200 </td> <td>-1.91 </td> <td>62,841 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VT </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1912 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12 </td> <td>90,332 </td> <td>65.95 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>21,776 </td> <td>15.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>23,288 </td> <td>17.00 </td> <td>- </td> <td>820 </td> <td>0.60 </td> <td>- </td> <td>709 </td> <td>0.52 </td> <td>- </td> <td>50 </td> <td>0.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>67,044 </td> <td>48.95 </td> <td>136,975 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">VA </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C97979"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1912 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td> <td>86,840 </td> <td>26.90 </td> <td>- </td> <td>113,698 </td> <td>35.22 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>70,445 </td> <td>21.82 </td> <td>- </td> <td>40,134 </td> <td>12.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>9,810 </td> <td>3.04 </td> <td>- </td> <td>1,872 </td> <td>0.58 </td> <td>- </td> <td>-26,858 </td> <td>-8.32 </td> <td>322,799 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WA </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8 </td> <td>113,197 </td> <td>42.11 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>79,112 </td> <td>29.43 </td> <td>- </td> <td>56,754 </td> <td>21.11 </td> <td>- </td> <td>15,248 </td> <td>5.67 </td> <td>- </td> <td>4,517 </td> <td>1.68 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>34,085 </td> <td>12.68 </td> <td>268,828 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WV </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1912 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td>164,230 </td> <td>41.06 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>62,448 </td> <td>15.61 </td> <td>- </td> <td>130,596 </td> <td>32.65 </td> <td>- </td> <td>33,476 </td> <td>8.37 </td> <td>- </td> <td>8,584 </td> <td>2.15 </td> <td>- </td> <td>632 </td> <td>0.16 </td> <td>- </td> <td>33,634 </td> <td>8.41 </td> <td>399,966 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WI </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1912 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>15,310 </td> <td>36.20 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>9,232 </td> <td>21.83 </td> <td>- </td> <td>14,560 </td> <td>34.42 </td> <td>- </td> <td>2,760 </td> <td>6.53 </td> <td>- </td> <td>434 </td> <td>1.03 </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>750 </td> <td>1.77 </td> <td>42,296 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">WY </td></tr> <tr> <th>TOTALS: </th> <th>531 </th> <th>6,296,284 </th> <th>41.84 </th> <th>435 </th> <th>4,122,721 </th> <th>27.40 </th> <th>88 </th> <th>3,486,242 </th> <th>23.17 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>901,551 </th> <th>5.99 </th> <th>- </th> <th>208,156 </th> <th>1.38 </th> <th>- </th> <th>29,324 </th> <th>0.19 </th> <th>- </th> <th>2,173,563 </th> <th>14.44 </th> <th>15,044,278 </th> <td style="text-align:center;">US </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Democratic">States that flipped from Republican to Democratic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Republican to Democratic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_that_flipped_from_Republican_to_Progressive">States that flipped from Republican to Progressive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: States that flipped from Republican to Progressive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Close_states">Close states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Close states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Margin of victory less than 1% (13 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:#c97979;"><b>California, 0.03% (174 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>Margin of victory less than 5% (142 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Idaho, 1.05% (1,111 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Illinois, 1.62% (18,570 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Wyoming, 1.77% (750 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Vermont, 1.91% (1,200 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Maine, 2.02% (2,618 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Hampshire, 2.04% (1,797 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Connecticut, 3.28% (6,237 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Rhode Island, 3.48% (2,709 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Massachusetts, 3.58% (17,460 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:#c97979;"><b>Pennsylvania, 4.04% (49,257 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>North Dakota, 4.42% (3,829 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Iowa, 4.77% (23,506 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:red;"><b>Utah, 4.91% (5,521 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (73 electoral votes): </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Mexico, 5.48% (2,704 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:#c97979;"><b>Minnesota, 5.81% (19,430 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Kansas, 6.42% (23,453 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Montana, 6.87% (5,485 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Oregon, 6.91% (9,464 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Jersey, 7.60% (32,879 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:#c97979;"><b>Washington, 8.32% (26,858 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Wisconsin, 8.41% (33,634 votes)</b></span></li> <li><span style="color:#c97979;"><b>South Dakota, 8.48% (9,869 votes)</b></span></li></ol> <p>Tipping point state: </p> <ol><li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New York, 12.6% (200,086 votes)</b></span> (for a Wilson victory)</li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>Ohio, 18.9% (146,666 votes)</b></span> (for a Roosevelt victory)</li> <li><span style="color:blue;"><b>New Hampshire, 37.2% (32,743 votes)</b></span> (for a Debs victory)</li></ol> </div> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Greenville_County,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville County, South Carolina">Greenville County, South Carolina</a> 100%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Marlboro_County,_South_Carolina" title="Marlboro County, South Carolina">Marlboro County, South Carolina</a> 100%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Hampton_County,_South_Carolina" title="Hampton County, South Carolina">Hampton County, South Carolina</a> 100%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_South_Carolina" title="Jasper County, South Carolina">Jasper County, South Carolina</a> 100%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:blue;"><a href="/wiki/Reagan_County,_Texas" title="Reagan County, Texas">Reagan County, Texas</a> 100%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Progressive) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:#c97979;"><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Tennessee" title="Scott County, Tennessee">Scott County, Tennessee</a> 75.15%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#c97979;"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_South_Dakota" title="Campbell County, South Dakota">Campbell County, South Dakota</a> 74.93%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#c97979;"><a href="/wiki/Avery_County,_North_Carolina" title="Avery County, North Carolina">Avery County, North Carolina</a> 72.69%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#c97979;"><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_County,_South_Dakota" title="Hutchinson County, South Dakota">Hutchinson County, South Dakota</a> 67.84%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#c97979;"><a href="/wiki/Hamlin_County,_South_Dakota" title="Hamlin County, South Dakota">Hamlin County, South Dakota</a> 66.79%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican) </p> <ol><li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Zapata_County,_Texas" title="Zapata County, Texas">Zapata County, Texas</a> 80.89%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Valencia_County,_New_Mexico" title="Valencia County, New Mexico">Valencia County, New Mexico</a> 77.25%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Utah" title="Kane County, Utah">Kane County, Utah</a> 75.40%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Kentucky" title="Clinton County, Kentucky">Clinton County, Kentucky</a> 64.79%</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:red;"><a href="/wiki/Huerfano_County,_Colorado" title="Huerfano County, Colorado">Huerfano County, Colorado</a> 63.36%</span></b></li></ol> <p>Counties with the Highest Percent of Vote (Socialist; incomplete) </p> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Minnesota" title="Lake County, Minnesota">Lake County, Minnesota</a></b> <b>36.81%</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Kansas" title="Crawford County, Kansas">Crawford County, Kansas</a></b> <b>35.28%</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Oklahoma" title="Marshall County, Oklahoma">Marshall County, Oklahoma</a> 34.94%</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McCurtain_County,_Oklahoma" title="McCurtain County, Oklahoma">McCurtain County, Oklahoma</a> 31.83%</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Okfuskee_County,_Oklahoma" title="Okfuskee County, Oklahoma">Okfuskee County, Oklahoma</a> 30.90%</b></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps">Maps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 374.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 372.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Electoral_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by state"><img alt="Results by state" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1912_Electoral_Map.png/559px-1912_Electoral_Map.png" decoding="async" width="373" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1912_Electoral_Map.png/838px-1912_Electoral_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/1912_Electoral_Map.png/1117px-1912_Electoral_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by state</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of presidential election results by county"><img alt="Map of presidential election results by county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-PresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of presidential election results by county</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 317.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 315.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/473px-1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="316" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/710px-1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg/946px-1912_United_States_presidential_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-DemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>Wilson</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-RepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>Taft</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 288px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 286px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Debs_County_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Debs"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for Debs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/1912_Debs_County_Map.svg/429px-1912_Debs_County_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="286" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/1912_Debs_County_Map.svg/643px-1912_Debs_County_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/1912_Debs_County_Map.svg/857px-1912_Debs_County_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>Debs</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others including Debs"><img alt="Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others including Debs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-OtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>all others including Debs</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A continuous cartogram of the 1912 United States presidential election"><img alt="A continuous cartogram of the 1912 United States presidential election" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-CartogramPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A continuous <a href="/wiki/Cartogram" title="Cartogram">cartogram</a> of the 1912 United States presidential election</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson"><img alt="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Wilson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>Wilson</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft"><img alt="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for Taft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>Taft</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 331.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 329.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others"><img alt="Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for all others" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/494px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/741px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif/989px-CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1912Colorbrewer.gif 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cartogram shaded according to percentage of the vote for <b>all others</b></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results_in_major_cities">Results in major cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Results in major cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/1912 United States presidential election">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Progressives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1912_Progressives.jpg/300px-1912_Progressives.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1912_Progressives.jpg/450px-1912_Progressives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1912_Progressives.jpg/600px-1912_Progressives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="1283" /></a><figcaption>Roosevelt, hurting from his defeats, reviews his wounded lieutenants Munsey, Perkins and Dixon. From <i>The Evening Star</i> (Washington DC) Dec 10, 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>Results of various cities within the top 100 municipalities by the <a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910 United States census</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>ST </th> <th>Wilson </th> <th>Taft </th> <th>Roosevelt </th> <th>Debs </th> <th>Others </th> <th>Totals </th></tr> <tr> <td>San Francisco </td> <td>CA </td> <td>48,953 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>38,610 </td> <td>12,354 </td> <td>1,166 </td> <td>101,148 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oakland </td> <td>CA </td> <td>11,210 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>14,221 </td> <td>1,549 </td> <td>525 </td> <td>27,505 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denver </td> <td>CO </td> <td>26,690 </td> <td>8,155 </td> <td>25,154 </td> <td>2,750 </td> <td>764 </td> <td>63,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bridgeport </td> <td>CT </td> <td>5,870 </td> <td>4,625 </td> <td>3,654 </td> <td>1,511 </td> <td>284 </td> <td>15,944 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hartford </td> <td>CT </td> <td>7,481 </td> <td>6,396 </td> <td>2,467 </td> <td>849 </td> <td>258 </td> <td>17,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Haven </td> <td>CT </td> <td>8,946 </td> <td>7,291 </td> <td>3,252 </td> <td>1,696 </td> <td>442 </td> <td>21,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Waterbury </td> <td>CT </td> <td>4,440 </td> <td>3,261 </td> <td>1,675 </td> <td>787 </td> <td>212 </td> <td>10,375 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>IA </td> <td>6,005 </td> <td>3,669 </td> <td>6,432 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chicago </td> <td>IL </td> <td>124,297 </td> <td>71,030 </td> <td>150,290 </td> <td>53,743 </td> <td>2,806 </td> <td>402,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ft. Wayne </td> <td>IN </td> <td>4,892 </td> <td>1,896 </td> <td>2,793 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indianapolis </td> <td>IN </td> <td>18,306 </td> <td>8,722 </td> <td>9,693 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Orleans </td> <td>LA </td> <td>26,433 </td> <td>904 </td> <td>5,692 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boston </td> <td>MA </td> <td>43,065 </td> <td>21,427 </td> <td>21,533 </td> <td>1,818 </td> <td>428 </td> <td>88,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cambridge </td> <td>MA </td> <td>6,667 </td> <td>3,362 </td> <td>3,403 </td> <td>192 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>13,692 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fall River </td> <td>MA </td> <td>5,160 </td> <td>4,224 </td> <td>3,453 </td> <td>219 </td> <td>256 </td> <td>13,312 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowell </td> <td>MA </td> <td>5,459 </td> <td>3,034 </td> <td>3,783 </td> <td>170 </td> <td>82 </td> <td>12,528 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lynn </td> <td>MA </td> <td>4,595 </td> <td>4,144 </td> <td>4,764 </td> <td>583 </td> <td>178 </td> <td>14,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Bedford </td> <td>MA </td> <td>3,290 </td> <td>4,177 </td> <td>1,905 </td> <td>626 </td> <td>98 </td> <td>10,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somerville </td> <td>MA </td> <td>4,062 </td> <td>3,757 </td> <td>4,072 </td> <td>176 </td> <td>78 </td> <td>12,145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Springfield </td> <td>MA </td> <td>4,375 </td> <td>5,167 </td> <td>3,161 </td> <td>555 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>13,316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Worcester </td> <td>MA </td> <td>6,049 </td> <td>10,532 </td> <td>4,818 </td> <td>230 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>21,769 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baltimore </td> <td>MD </td> <td>48,030 </td> <td>15,597 </td> <td>33,679 </td> <td>1,763 </td> <td>253 </td> <td>99,322 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portland </td> <td>ME </td> <td>4,242 </td> <td>2,776 </td> <td>3,305 </td> <td>197 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>10,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kansas City </td> <td>MO </td> <td>26,954 </td> <td>4,646 </td> <td>20,894 </td> <td>1,470 </td> <td>465 </td> <td>54,429 </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Louis </td> <td>MO </td> <td>58,845 </td> <td>46,509 </td> <td>24,746 </td> <td>9,159 </td> <td>1,068 </td> <td>140,327 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manchester </td> <td>NH </td> <td>4,502 </td> <td>4,022 </td> <td>2,165 </td> <td>520 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>11,244 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bayonne </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>3,717 </td> <td>1,184 </td> <td>2,552 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Camden </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>6,895 </td> <td>5,517 </td> <td>4,707 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elizabeth </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>5,139 </td> <td>1,900 </td> <td>3,953 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jersey City </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>21,069 </td> <td>4,070 </td> <td>11,986 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Newark </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>14,031 </td> <td>10,780 </td> <td>19,721 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paterson </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>7,437 </td> <td>3,007 </td> <td>7,223 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trenton </td> <td>NJ </td> <td>5,146 </td> <td>3,898 </td> <td>4,753 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buffalo </td> <td>NY </td> <td>26,192 </td> <td>14,433 </td> <td>20,769 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York City </td> <td>NY </td> <td>312,426 </td> <td>126,582 </td> <td>188,896 </td> <td>33,239 </td> <td>2,730 </td> <td>663,873 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rochester </td> <td>NY </td> <td>13,430 </td> <td>12,230 </td> <td>11,102 </td> <td>2,593 </td> <td>636 </td> <td>39,991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yonkers </td> <td>NY </td> <td>5,533 </td> <td>4,056 </td> <td>4,536 </td> <td>354 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>14,528 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cincinnati </td> <td>OH </td> <td>31,221 </td> <td>30,588 </td> <td>9,970 </td> <td>6,520 </td> <td>401 </td> <td>78,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allentown </td> <td>PA </td> <td>4,627 </td> <td>1,224 </td> <td>3,475 </td> <td>686 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>10,071 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Erie </td> <td>PA </td> <td>3,407 </td> <td>2,378 </td> <td>1,898 </td> <td>1,464 </td> <td>140 </td> <td>9,287 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philadelphia </td> <td>PA </td> <td>66,308 </td> <td>91,944 </td> <td>82,963 </td> <td>9,784 </td> <td>691 </td> <td>251,690 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pittsburgh </td> <td>PA </td> <td>17,352 </td> <td>14,658 </td> <td>25,394 </td> <td>8,498 </td> <td>534 </td> <td>66,436 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reading </td> <td>PA </td> <td>6,130 </td> <td>1,657 </td> <td>6,719 </td> <td>2,800 </td> <td>83 </td> <td>17,389 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scranton </td> <td>PA </td> <td>6,193 </td> <td>1,817 </td> <td>7,971 </td> <td>564 </td> <td>214 </td> <td>16,759 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilkes-Barre </td> <td>PA </td> <td>2,905 </td> <td>1,178 </td> <td>3,951 </td> <td>219 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>8,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salt Lake City </td> <td>UT </td> <td>7,488 </td> <td>8,964 </td> <td>6,587 </td> <td>2,498 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norfolk </td> <td>VA </td> <td>3,539 </td> <td>195 </td> <td>451 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>4,228 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richmond </td> <td>VA </td> <td>5,636 </td> <td>405 </td> <td>483 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>6,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Milwaukee </td> <td>WI </td> <td>24,501 </td> <td>15,092 </td> <td>5,127 </td> <td>17,708 </td> <td>511 </td> <td>62,939 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections">1912 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912%E2%80%9313_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1912–13 United States Senate elections">1912–13 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1865–1918)">History of the United States (1865–1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Bull Moose Party</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though he had become President upon the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_William_McKinley" title="Assassination of William McKinley">assassination of William McKinley</a> in 1901, only six months of McKinley's term had elapsed. Thus, Roosevelt had served nearly a full eight years, effectively two full terms. Although the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-second Amendment</a> to the Constitution did not become effective until 1951, it would have barred Roosevelt from seeking another term, since he had served more than two years to which some other person (McKinley) had been elected.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Edmund. <i>Colonel Roosevelt</i>. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. pp. 215, 646.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonel+Roosevelt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=215%2C+646&rft.pub=Random+House+Trade+Paperbacks&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Gould" title="Lewis L. Gould">Gould, Lewis L.</a> (October 16, 2014). "5. The Taft-Roosevelt Split, 1905–1912". <i>The Republicans: A History of the Grand Old Party</i> (online ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Academic">Oxford Academic</a> (published 2014). pp. 116–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aosobl%2F9780199936625.003.0006">10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199936625.003.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+The+Taft-Roosevelt+Split%2C+1905%E2%80%931912&rft.btitle=The+Republicans%3A+A+History+of+the+Grand+Old+Party&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=116-142&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+Academic&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aosobl%2F9780199936625.003.0006&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Lewis+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coletta, <i>Presidency of William Howard Taft</i> ch 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. M. Fisk, "The Payne-Aldrich Tariff". <i>Political Science Quarterly</i> (1910). 25(1), 35–39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2141008">10.2307/2141008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i> 50.3 (1963): 424–442. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1902605">1902605</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anderson">Anderson (1973)</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o290993">"TR Center – The President's dream of a successful hunt"</a>. <i>www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org&rft.atitle=TR+Center+%E2%80%93+The+President%27s+dream+of+a+successful+hunt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodorerooseveltcenter.org%2FResearch%2FDigital-Library%2FRecord%3FlibID%3Do290993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Schweikart_and_Allen">Schweikart and Allen</a>, p. 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Mara" class="citation book cs1">O'Mara, Margaret. <i>Pivotal Tuesdays</i>. 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Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Progressive Publishing Company. p. 192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Attempted+Assassination+of+Ex-President+Theodore+Roosevelt&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=The+Progressive+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Remey&rft.aufirst=Oliver+E.&rft.au=Cochems%2C+Henry+F.&rft.au=Bloodgood%2C+Wheeler+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F21261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doctorzebra.com/prez/z_x26a_g.htm">"Medical History of American Presidents"</a>. Doctor Zebra<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+History+of+American+Presidents&rft.pub=Doctor+Zebra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doctorzebra.com%2Fprez%2Fz_x26a_g.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419001634/http://www.historybuff.com/library/refteddy.html">"Excerpt"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>, History buff, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historybuff.com/library/refteddy.html">the original</a> on April 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Excerpt&rft.btitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.pub=History+buff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historybuff.com%2Flibrary%2Frefteddy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speech-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-speech_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/site/c.elKSIdOWIiJ8H/b.9297449/k.861A/It_Takes_More_Than_That_to_Kill_a_Bull_Moose_The_Leader_and_The_Cause.htm">"It Takes More Than That to Kill a Bull Moose: The Leader and The Cause"</a>. Theodore Roosevelt Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+Takes+More+Than+That+to+Kill+a+Bull+Moose%3A+The+Leader+and+The+Cause&rft.pub=Theodore+Roosevelt+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodoreroosevelt.org%2Fsite%2Fc.elKSIdOWIiJ8H%2Fb.9297449%2Fk.861A%2FIt_Takes_More_Than_That_to_Kill_a_Bull_Moose_The_Leader_and_The_Cause.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/timeline.htm">"Roosevelt Timeline"</a>. Theodore Roosevelt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roosevelt+Timeline&rft.pub=Theodore+Roosevelt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theodoreroosevelt.org%2Flife%2Ftimeline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/timeline.htm">Timeline of Theodore Roosevelt's Life by the Theodore Roosevelt Association</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theodoreroosevelt.org">http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wilson Starts on a Tour: Will Not Touch on Third Party's Programme in Speeches." <i>New York Times</i> Oct 17. 1912, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Edmund. <i>Colonel Roosevelt</i>. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. pp. 250–251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonel+Roosevelt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=250-251&rft.pub=Random+House+Trade+Paperbacks&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2008" class="citation book cs1">Gould, Lewis L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/180756978"><i>Four hats in the ring : the 1912 election and the birth of modern American politics</i></a>. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1564-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1564-3"><bdi>978-0-7006-1564-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180756978">180756978</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+hats+in+the+ring+%3A+the+1912+election+and+the+birth+of+modern+American+politics&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kan.&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F180756978&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1564-3&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Lewis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F180756978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbramsonAldrichRohde199599_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbramsonAldrichRohde1995">Abramson, Aldrich & Rohde 1995</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidesShawGrossmannLipsitz2023" class="citation book cs1">Sides, John; Shaw, Daron R.; Grossmann, Matthew; Lipsitz, Keena (2023). <i>Campaigns and elections: rules, reality, strategy, choice</i> (Fourth, election update ed.). New York London: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781324046912" title="Special:BookSources/9781324046912"><bdi>9781324046912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campaigns+and+elections%3A+rules%2C+reality%2C+strategy%2C+choice&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pages=78&rft.edition=Fourth%2C+election+update&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781324046912&rft.aulast=Sides&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Daron+R.&rft.au=Grossmann%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Lipsitz%2C+Keena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-how-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-how_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-how_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sullivan, Robert David; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americamagazine.org/content/unconventional-wisdom/how-red-and-blue-map-evolved-over-past-century">‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’</a>; <i>America Magazine</i> in <i>The National Catholic Review</i>; June 29, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated14-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated14_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated14_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932, Edgar E. Robinson, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated15-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated15_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932, Edgar E. Robinson, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidesShawGrossmannLipsitz2023" class="citation book cs1">Sides, John; Shaw, Daron R.; Grossmann, Matthew; Lipsitz, Keena (2023). <i>Campaigns and elections: rules, reality, strategy, choice</i> (Fourth edition, election update ed.). New York London: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-324-04691-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-324-04691-2"><bdi>978-1-324-04691-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campaigns+and+elections%3A+rules%2C+reality%2C+strategy%2C+choice&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pages=171&rft.edition=Fourth+edition%2C+election+update&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-324-04691-2&rft.aulast=Sides&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Daron+R.&rft.au=Grossmann%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Lipsitz%2C+Keena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherman1973263-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherman1973263_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherman1973">Sherman 1973</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated17-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated17_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Presidential Vote, 1896–1932, Edgar E. Robinson, p. 17</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramsonAldrichRohde1995" class="citation book cs1">Abramson, Paul; Aldrich, John; Rohde, David (1995). <i>Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections</i>. <a href="/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871878399" title="Special:BookSources/0871878399"><bdi>0871878399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+and+Continuity+in+the+1992+Elections&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0871878399&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+John&rft.au=Rohde%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman1973" class="citation book cs1">Sherman, Richard (1973). <i>The Republican Party and Black America From McKinley to Hoover 1896-1933</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Press" title="University of Virginia Press">University of Virginia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813904676" title="Special:BookSources/0813904676"><bdi>0813904676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republican+Party+and+Black+America+From+McKinley+to+Hoover+1896-1933&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0813904676&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?183270-1/1912-wilson-roosevelt-taft-debs"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with James Chace on <i>1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs</i>, August 29, 2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?182471-1/1912-wilson-roosevelt-taft-debs">Presentation by Chace on <i>1912</i>, May 12, 2004</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Anders, O. Fritiof. "The Swedish-American Press in the Election of 1912" <i>Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly</i> (1963) 14#3 pp. 103–126</li> <li>Broderick, Francis L. <i>Progressivism at risk: Electing a president in 1912</i> (Praeger, 1989).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChace2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Chace" title="James Chace">Chace, James</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1912wilsonroosev00chac"><i>1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs – The Election That Changed the Country</i></a>. New York: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-0394-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-0394-1"><bdi>0-7432-0394-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1912%3A+Wilson%2C+Roosevelt%2C+Taft%2C+and+Debs+%E2%80%93+The+Election+That+Changed+the+Country&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7432-0394-1&rft.aulast=Chace&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1912wilsonroosev00chac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Cooper_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Cooper (historian)">Cooper, John Milton Jr.</a> (1983). <i>The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt</i>. Cambridge: Belknap Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-94751-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-94751-7"><bdi>0-674-94751-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Warrior+and+the+Priest%3A+Woodrow+Wilson+and+Theodore+Roosevelt&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-674-94751-7&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=John+Milton+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cowan, Geoffrey. <i>Let the People Rule: Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of the Presidential Primary</i> (2016).</li> <li>Delahaye, Claire. "The New Nationalism and Progressive Issues: The Break with Taft and the 1912 Campaign," in Serge Ricard, ed., <i>A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt</i> (2011) pp. 452–67. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/120083904/a-companion-to-theodore-roosevelt">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214050242/https://www.questia.com/library/120083904/a-companion-to-theodore-roosevelt">Archived</a> December 14, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>DeWitt, Benjamin P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/progressivemovem00dewi"><i>The Progressive Movement: A Non-Partisan, Comprehensive Discussion of Current Tendencies in American Politics</i></a>. (1915).</li> <li>Flehinger, Brett. <i>The 1912 Election and the Power of Progressivism: A Brief History with Documents</i> (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003).</li> <li>Gable, John A. <i>The Bullmoose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party.</i> (Kennikat Press, 1978).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Gould" title="Lewis L. Gould">Gould, Lewis L.</a> <i>Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics</i> (2009). <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2rsfczd">j.ctv2rsfczd</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_L._Gould" title="Lewis L. Gould">Gould, Lewis L.</a> "Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Disputed Delegates in 1912: Texas as a Test Case." <i>Southwestern Historical Quarterly</i> 80.1 (1976): 33–56 <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30238426">30238426</a>.</li> <li>Hahn, Harlan. "The Republican Party Convention of 1912 and the Role of Herbert S. Hadley in National Politics." <i>Missouri Historical Review</i> 59.4 (1965): 407–423. Taft was willing to compromise with Missouri governor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Hadley" title="Herbert S. Hadley">Herbert S. Hadley</a> as presidential nominee; TR said no.</li> <li>Istre, Logan S. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2482682358?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals">Bench over Ballot: The Fight for Judicial Supremacy and the New Constitutional Politics, 1910–1916.</a>" <i>The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era</i> 20, no. 1 (2021): 2-23. doi:10.1017/S1537781420000079.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipnis1952" class="citation book cs1">Kipnis, Ira (1952). <i>The American Socialist Movement, 1897–1912</i>. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Socialist+Movement%2C+1897%E2%80%931912&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Kipnis&rft.aufirst=Ira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kraig, Robert Alexander. "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State." <i>Rhetoric and Public Affairs</i> (2000): 363–395. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41940243">41940243</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLink1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_S._Link" title="Arthur S. Link">Link, Arthur S.</a> (1956). <i>Wilson: Volume 1, The Road to the White House</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilson%3A+Volume+1%2C+The+Road+to+the+White+House&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Link&rft.aufirst=Arthur+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Milkis, Sidney M., and Daniel J. Tichenor. "'Direct Democracy' and Social Justice: The Progressive Party Campaign of 1912." <i>Studies in American Political Development</i> 8#2 (1994): 282–340. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0898588X00001267">10.1017/S0898588X00001267</a>.</li> <li>Milkis, Sidney M. <i>Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party, and the Transformation of American Democracy.</i> Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2009.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1962" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, H. Wayne (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201032242/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=7935245"><i>Eugene V. Debs: Socialist for President</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=7935245">the original</a> on February 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eugene+V.+Debs%3A+Socialist+for+President&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=H.+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D7935245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowry1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mowry" title="George E. Mowry">Mowry, George E.</a> (1946). <i>Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement</i>. Madison: Wisconsin University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theodore+Roosevelt+and+the+Progressive+Movement&rft.place=Madison&rft.pub=Wisconsin+University+Press&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Mowry&rft.aufirst=George+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.87002">online</a></li> <li>Mowry, George E. "The Election of 1912" in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Fred L Israel, eds., <i>History of American Presidential Elections: 1789–1968</i> (1971) 3: 2135–2427. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofamerica0003unse_m6b2">online</a></li> <li>Mowry, George E. <i>The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America.</i> (Harper and Row, 1962) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eraoftheodoreroo0000mowr">online</a>.</li> <li>Ness, Immanuel, and James Ciment, eds. <i>The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America</i> (3 vol. 2000).</li> <li>O'Mara, Margaret. <i>Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century</i> (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history</li> <li>Painter, Carl, "The Progressive Party In Indiana," <i><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Magazine_of_History" title="Indiana Magazine of History">Indiana Magazine of History</a></i>, 16#3 (1920), pp. 173–283. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27785944">27785944</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchot,_Amos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinchot, Amos">Pinchot, Amos</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofprogres00pinc"><i>History of the Progressive Party, 1912–1916</i></a>. Introduction by Helene Maxwell Hooker. (New York University Press, 1958).</li> <li>Sarasohn, David. <i>The Party of Reform: Democrats in the Progressive Era</i> (UP of Mississippi, 1989), pp. 119–154.</li> <li>Schambra, William. "The Election of 1912 and the Origins of Constitutional Conservatism." in <i>Toward an American Conservatism</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). 95–119.</li> <li>Selmi, Patrick. "Jane Addams and the Progressive Party Campaign for President in 1912." <i>Journal of Progressive Human Services</i> 22.2 (2011): 160–190. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10428232.2010.540705">10.1080/10428232.2010.540705</a>.</li> <li>Startt, James D. "Wilson's Election Campaign of 1912 and the Press." in <i>Woodrow Wilson and the Press: Prelude to the Presidency</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) pp. 197–228.</li> <li>Unger, Nancy C. <i>Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer</i> (U of North Carolina Press, 2003) pp. 200–220.</li> <li>Unger, Nancy C. "The 'Political Suicide' of Robert M. La Follette: Public Disaster, Private Catharsis" <i>Psychohistory Review</i> 21#2 (1993) pp. 187–220 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=history">online</a> on his disastrous speech of February 2, 1912.</li> <li>Warner, Robert M. "Chase S. Osborn and the Presidential Campaign of 1912." <i>Mississippi Valley Historical Review</i> 46.1 (1959): 19–45. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1892386">1892386</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilensky1965" class="citation book cs1">Wilensky, Norman N. (1965). <i>Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of 1912</i>. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatives+in+the+Progressive+Era%3A+The+Taft+Republicans+of+1912&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pub=University+of+Florida+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Wilensky&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bryan, William Jennings. <i>A Tale of Two Conventions: Being an Account of the Republican and Democratic National Conventions of June, 1912, with an Outline of the Progressive National Convention of August in the Same Year</i> (Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c80oAAAAYAAJ&dq=1912+NATIONAL+CONVENTION&pg=IA3">online</a></li> <li>Chester, Edward W. <i>A guide to political platforms</i> (1977) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetopolitical0000ches">online</a></li> <li>Pinchot, Amos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatsmatterwitha00pinc"><i>What's the Matter with America: The Meaning of the Progressive Movement and the Rise of the New Party</i></a> (Amos Pinchot, 1912).</li> <li><i>Republican campaign text-book 1912</i> (1912) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicancampa00repu">online</a></li> <li>Roosevelt, Theodore. <i>Theodore Roosevelt's Confession of Faith Before the Progressive National Convention, August 6, 1912</i> (Progressive Party, 1912) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yrQZAAAAYAAJ&dq=1912+NATIONAL+CONVENTION&pg=PA1">online</a>.</li> <li>Roosevelt, Theodore. <i>Bull Moose on the Stump: The 1912 Campaign Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt</i> Ed. by Lewis L. Gould. (UP of Kansas, 2008).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1956" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Woodrow (1956). John Wells Davidson (ed.). <i>A Crossroads of Freedom, the 1912 Campaign Speeches</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Crossroads+of+Freedom%2C+the+1912+Campaign+Speeches&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Woodrow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1912+United+States+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crossroadsoffree0000wils">online</a></li> <li>Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. <i>National party platforms, 1840–1964</i> (1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalpartypla00port">online 1840–1956</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_States_presidential_election&action=edit&section=32" 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href="http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopic1912election.html">editorial cartoons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215010223/http://theodore-roosevelt.com/toonsbytopic1912election.html">Archived</a> February 15, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssa.gov/history/trspeech.html">Sound recording of TR speech</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613185010/http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1912.htm">1912 popular vote by counties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517135635/http://www.multied.com/elections/1912State.html">1912 State-by-state Popular vote</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.american-presidents.org/2006/08/election-of-1912.html">The Election of 1912</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920181127/http://www.american-presidents.org/2006/08/election-of-1912.html">Archived</a> September 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215750/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1912/">Election of 1912 in Counting the Votes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theoroos1912">Theodore Roosevelt Speech Edison Recordings Campaign – 1912</a>, audio recording</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/willtaft1912">William Taft Edison Recordings Campaign – 1912</a>, audio recording</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/woodwils1912">Woodrow Wilson Edison Campaign Recordings – 1912</a> audio recording</li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(1911_←)_1912_United_States_elections_(→_1913)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1912_United_States_elections" title="Template:1912 United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1912_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:1912 United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1912_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1912 United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(1911_←)_1912_United_States_elections_(→_1913)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/Category:1911_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1911 elections in the United States">1911 ←</a>)   <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_elections" title="1912 United States elections">1912 United States elections</a>   (<a href="/wiki/Category:1913_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1913 elections in the United States">→ 1913</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1912%E2%80%9313_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1912–13 United States Senate elections">U.S.<br />Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Arizona" title="1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 United States Senate election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1913 United States Senate special election in Illinois">Illinois (Special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate special election in Maine">Maine (Special)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States Senate special election in Virginia">Virginia (Special)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections">U.S.<br />House</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_California" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1912 United States gubernatorial elections">Governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Delaware_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Delaware gubernatorial election">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Florida_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Florida gubernatorial election">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Georgia_gubernatorial_special_election" title="1912 Georgia gubernatorial special election">special</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Illinois_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Illinois lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Iowa gubernatorial election">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Michigan gubernatorial election">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Minnesota_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Missouri_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Missouri gubernatorial election">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Montana_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Montana gubernatorial election">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Nebraska_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election">Lt. Gov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_New_York_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 New York gubernatorial election">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_North_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 North Carolina gubernatorial election">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Ohio_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Ohio gubernatorial election">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 South Carolina gubernatorial election">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 South Dakota gubernatorial election">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1912 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_state_legislature_elections_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1912 state legislature elections in the United States">State<br />legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Iowa_Senate_election" title="1912 Iowa Senate election">Iowa Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Manchester,_New_Hampshire,_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 Manchester, New Hampshire, mayoral election">Manchester, <abbr title="New Hampshire">NH</abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States and<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Alabama_elections" title="Category:1912 Alabama elections">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Arizona_elections" title="Category:1912 Arizona elections">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Arkansas_elections" title="Category:1912 Arkansas elections">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Colorado_elections" title="Category:1912 Colorado elections">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Connecticut_elections" title="Category:1912 Connecticut elections">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Delaware_elections" title="Category:1912 Delaware elections">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Florida_elections" title="Category:1912 Florida elections">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Georgia_(U.S._state)_elections" title="Category:1912 Georgia (U.S. state) elections">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Idaho_elections" title="Category:1912 Idaho elections">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Illinois_elections" title="Category:1912 Illinois elections">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Indiana_elections" title="Category:1912 Indiana elections">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Iowa_elections" title="Category:1912 Iowa elections">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Kansas_elections" title="Category:1912 Kansas elections">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Kentucky_elections" title="Category:1912 Kentucky elections">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Louisiana_elections" title="Category:1912 Louisiana elections">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Maine_elections" title="Category:1912 Maine elections">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Maryland_elections" title="Category:1912 Maryland elections">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Massachusetts_elections" title="Category:1912 Massachusetts elections">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Michigan_elections" title="Category:1912 Michigan elections">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Minnesota_elections" title="Category:1912 Minnesota elections">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Mississippi_elections" title="Category:1912 Mississippi elections">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Missouri_elections" title="Category:1912 Missouri elections">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Montana_elections" title="Category:1912 Montana elections">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Nebraska_elections" title="Category:1912 Nebraska elections">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Nevada_elections" title="Category:1912 Nevada elections">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_New_Hampshire_elections" title="Category:1912 New Hampshire elections">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_New_Jersey_elections" title="Category:1912 New Jersey elections">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_New_Mexico_elections" title="Category:1912 New Mexico elections">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_New_York_(state)_elections" title="Category:1912 New York (state) elections">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_North_Carolina_elections" title="Category:1912 North Carolina elections">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_North_Dakota_elections" title="Category:1912 North Dakota elections">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Ohio_elections" title="Category:1912 Ohio elections">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Oklahoma_elections" title="Category:1912 Oklahoma elections">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Oregon_elections" title="Category:1912 Oregon elections">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Pennsylvania_elections" title="Category:1912 Pennsylvania elections">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Rhode_Island_elections" title="Category:1912 Rhode Island elections">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_South_Carolina_elections" title="Category:1912 South Carolina elections">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_South_Dakota_elections" title="Category:1912 South Dakota elections">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Tennessee_elections" title="Category:1912 Tennessee elections">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Texas_elections" title="Category:1912 Texas elections">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Utah_elections" title="Category:1912 Utah elections">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Vermont_elections" title="Category:1912 Vermont elections">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Virginia_elections" title="Category:1912 Virginia elections">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Washington_(state)_elections" title="Category:1912 Washington (state) elections">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_West_Virginia_elections" title="Category:1912 West Virginia elections">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Wisconsin_elections" title="Category:1912 Wisconsin elections">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1912_Wyoming_elections" title="Category:1912 Wyoming elections">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1908)_1912_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1916)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1912 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1908)_1912_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1916)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">← 1908</a>) <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">→ 1916</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Champ Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judson_Harmon" title="Judson Harmon">Judson Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Oscar Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Eugene Foss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></b> (incumbent)</li> <li><b>Vice President:</b> <s><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a></s> (incumbent; nominated but died before election)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">Robert M. La Follette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #B63434;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1912_Progressive_National_Convention" title="1912 Progressive National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nominees" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Emil Seidel</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_W._Chafin" title="Eugene W. Chafin">Eugene W. Chafin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Watkins" title="Aaron S. Watkins">Aaron S. Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Reimer" title="Arthur E. Reimer">Arthur E. Reimer</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/August_Gillhaus" title="August Gillhaus">August Gillhaus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1912 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1912 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_and_1913_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 and 1913 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_district_results_of_the_1912_United_States_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_results_of_the_1912_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template:State results of the 1912 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_results_of_the_1912_U.S._presidential_election" title="Template talk:State results of the 1912 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_results_of_the_1912_U.S._presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State results of the 1912 U.S. presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_district_results_of_the_1912_United_States_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State and district results of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912 United States presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alabama" title="1912 United States presidential election in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arizona" title="1912 United States presidential election in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Arkansas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1912 United States presidential election in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Colorado" title="1912 United States presidential election in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Connecticut" title="1912 United States presidential election in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Delaware" title="1912 United States presidential election in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="1912 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia" title="1912 United States presidential election in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Idaho" title="1912 United States presidential election in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1912 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Iowa" title="1912 United States presidential election in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kansas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Kentucky" title="1912 United States presidential election in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Louisiana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maine" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Maryland" title="1912 United States presidential election in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1912 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="1912 United States presidential election in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Minnesota" title="1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Mississippi" title="1912 United States presidential election in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Missouri" title="1912 United States presidential election in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Montana" title="1912 United States presidential election in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nebraska" title="1912 United States presidential election in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada" title="1912 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Hampshire" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Jersey" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_York" title="1912 United States presidential election in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Carolina" title="1912 United States presidential election in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1912 United States presidential election in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="1912 United States presidential election in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oklahoma" title="1912 United States presidential election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon" title="1912 United States presidential election in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1912 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Rhode_Island" title="1912 United States presidential election in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1912 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Dakota" title="1912 United States presidential election in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Tennessee" title="1912 United States presidential election in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1912 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="1912 United States presidential election in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Vermont" title="1912 United States presidential election in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia" title="1912 United States presidential election in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="1912 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_West_Virginia" title="1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1912 United States presidential election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_Wyoming" title="1912 United States presidential election in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1912.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electoral map, 1912 election"><img alt="Electoral map, 1912 election" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ElectoralCollege1912.svg/150px-ElectoralCollege1912.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ElectoralCollege1912.svg/225px-ElectoralCollege1912.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ElectoralCollege1912.svg/300px-ElectoralCollege1912.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_presidential_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Template talk:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_presidential_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States presidential elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_presidential_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections by year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_United_States_presidential_election" title="1864 United States presidential election">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_States_presidential_election" title="1868 United States presidential election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_by_participation_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of states by participation in United States presidential elections">Elections by state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alabama" title="United States presidential elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Alaska" title="United States presidential elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arizona" title="United States presidential elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas" title="United States presidential elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_California" title="United States presidential elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Colorado" title="United States presidential elections in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Connecticut" title="United States presidential elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Delaware" title="United States presidential elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Florida" title="United States presidential elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Georgia" title="United States presidential elections in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Hawaii" title="United States presidential elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Idaho" title="United States presidential elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Indiana" title="United States presidential elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Iowa" title="United States presidential elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kansas" title="United States presidential elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Kentucky" title="United States presidential elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Louisiana" title="United States presidential elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maine" title="United States presidential elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Maryland" title="United States presidential elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Michigan" title="United States presidential elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Minnesota" title="United States presidential elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Mississippi" title="United States presidential elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Missouri" title="United States presidential elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Montana" title="United States presidential elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nebraska" title="United States presidential elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Nevada" title="United States presidential elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="United States presidential elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Jersey" title="United States presidential elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_Mexico" title="United States presidential elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_New_York" title="United States presidential elections in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_North_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Ohio" title="United States presidential elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oklahoma" title="United States presidential elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Oregon" title="United States presidential elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Rhode_Island" title="United States presidential elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Carolina" title="United States presidential elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_South_Dakota" title="United States presidential elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Tennessee" title="United States presidential elections in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Texas" title="United States presidential elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Utah" title="United States presidential elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Vermont" title="United States presidential elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="United States presidential elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_West_Virginia" title="United States presidential elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wisconsin" title="United States presidential elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Wyoming" title="United States presidential elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Primaries and caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">Iowa caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_presidential_primary" title="New Hampshire presidential primary">New Hampshire presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_presidential_caucuses" title="Nevada presidential caucuses">Nevada presidential caucuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_presidential_primary" title="South Carolina presidential primary">South Carolina presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Nominating conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List of nominating conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokered_convention" title="Brokered convention">Brokered convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">Convention bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a><br />and popular vote</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Results <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_summary" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election summary">summary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="List of United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">elections in which the winner lost the popular vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_Electoral_College_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College margin">Electoral College margins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_results_by_state" title="List of United States presidential election results by state">Electoral College results by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_vote_changes_between_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections">electoral vote changes between elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_received_an_electoral_vote_in_the_United_States_Electoral_College" title="List of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College">electoral vote recipients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_number_of_votes_received" title="List of United States presidential candidates by number of votes received">popular votes received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin" title="List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin">popular-vote margins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Act" title="Electoral Count Act">Electoral Count Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_ascertainment" title="Certificate of ascertainment">Certificate of ascertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of vote">Certificate of vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contingent_election" title="Contingent election">Contingent election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">Faithless elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpledged_elector" title="Unpledged elector">Unpledged elector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Voter turnout in United States presidential elections">Voter turnout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans" title="List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans">Campaign slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polling_for_United_States_presidential_elections" title="Polling for United States presidential elections">Historical election polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_major_party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States major party presidential tickets">Major party tickets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Major party losers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_debates" title="United States presidential debates">Presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">Swing state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipping-point_state" title="Tipping-point state">Tipping-point state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_recount" title="Election recount">Election recount</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_straw_polls_in_Guam" title="United States presidential straw polls in Guam">Guam straw poll</a></li> <li>Vice presidential confirmations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">1974</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="Template:United States House of Representatives elections">House elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Senate_elections" title="Template:United States Senate elections">Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="Template:United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Template talk:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable third-party performances in United States elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_third-party_performances_in_United_States_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">Notable third-party performances in United States elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Third party is endorsed by a major party</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Presidential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89</a></b>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_United_States_presidential_election" title="1872 United States presidential election">1872</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1940 United States Senate election in California">California 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1940 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1940</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1940 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1940</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate special election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="1942 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1942 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1944 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wisconsin" title="1944 United States Senate election in Wisconsin">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_elections_in_California" title="1946 United States Senate elections in California">California 1946 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="1946 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1946 United States Senate special election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1946 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1950 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Senate election in New Hampshire">New Hampshire 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_California" title="1952 United States Senate election in California">California 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1952 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1952 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="1952 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1952 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1952</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 1954 (Democratic write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1954 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1958 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1958 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1960 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1964 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1966 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate special election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1966 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="1968 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1968 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="1970 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1970 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1970</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1970 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1970</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1970 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1970</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1972 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="1974 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1974 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada" title="1974 United States Senate election in Nevada">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1974 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="1974 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1976</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1976 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1976</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alabama" title="1978 United States Senate election in Alabama">Alabama 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="1978 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="1978 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="1978 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1980 United States Senate election in New York">New York 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_States_Senate_election_in_Washington" title="1982 United States Senate election in Washington">Washington 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Tennessee" title="1984 United States Senate election in Tennessee">Tennessee 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1990 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1992 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Hawaii" title="1992 United States Senate election in Hawaii">Hawaii 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Louisiana" title="1992 United States Senate election in Louisiana">Louisiana 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1992 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="1994 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1994 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio" title="1994 United States Senate election in Ohio">Ohio 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="1994 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="1994 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1996 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1996 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2000 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2000 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2000 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2002 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2002 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2002 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Mississippi" title="2002 United States Senate election in Mississippi">Mississippi 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2002 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Virginia" title="2002 United States Senate election in Virginia">Virginia 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">Oklahoma 2004</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut" title="2006 United States Senate election in Connecticut">Connecticut 2006</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2006 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2006 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2006 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2006</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2008 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2008 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2008 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="2008 United States Senate election in Oregon">Oregon 2008</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2010 (Republican write-in)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Florida" title="2010 United States Senate election in Florida">Florida 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2010 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina">South Carolina 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2010 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2012</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maryland" title="2012 United States Senate election in Maryland">Maryland 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="2012 United States Senate election in Missouri">Missouri 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Montana" title="2012 United States Senate election in Montana">Montana 2012</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2012 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2012</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2014 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Dakota" title="2014 United States Senate election in South Dakota">South Dakota 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_election_in_Wyoming" title="2014 United States Senate election in Wyoming">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2016 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona" title="2016 United States Senate election in Arizona">Arizona 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2016 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Indiana" title="2016 United States Senate election in Indiana">Indiana 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kansas" title="2016 United States Senate election in Kansas">Kansas 2016</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2018 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2018</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2018 United States Senate election in New Mexico">New Mexico 2018</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2018 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2018</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Alaska">Alaska 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Arkansas" title="2020 United States Senate election in Arkansas">Arkansas 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="2020 United States Senate election in Minnesota">Minnesota 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Idaho" title="2022 United States Senate election in Idaho">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_North_Dakota" title="2022 United States Senate election in North Dakota">North Dakota 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2022 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2022</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine" title="2024 United States Senate election in Maine">Maine 2024</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Nebraska" title="2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska">Nebraska 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2024 United States Senate election in Utah">Utah 2024</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_Senate_election_in_Vermont" title="2024 United States Senate election in Vermont">Vermont 2024</a></b>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a> (since 1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1940 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_New_York_state_election" title="1942 New York state election">New York 1942</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1942_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1942</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="1944 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1946 California gubernatorial election">California 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1950 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1952 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1954 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1956 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1965 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">Georgia 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Maryland_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Maryland gubernatorial election">Maryland 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Tennessee_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Tennessee gubernatorial election">Tennessee 1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Alabama_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alabama gubernatorial election">Alabama 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Arkansas gubernatorial election">Arkansas 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election" title="1971 Mississippi gubernatorial election">Mississippi 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Washington_gubernatorial_election" title="1972 Washington gubernatorial election">Washington 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1973 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 1973</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1974</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nebraska gubernatorial election">Nebraska 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nevada gubernatorial election">Nevada 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1976 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_California_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 California gubernatorial election">California 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1988 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1988</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1990</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1990</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_West_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="1992 West Virginia gubernatorial election">West Virginia 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Connecticut gubernatorial election">Connecticut 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 1994</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 1998</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 1998</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 1998</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 New York gubernatorial election">New York 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">Pennsylvania 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="1999 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 New Hampshire gubernatorial election">New Hampshire 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2000 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Arizona gubernatorial election">Arizona 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_California_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 California gubernatorial election">California 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_Mexico_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New Mexico gubernatorial election">New Mexico 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 New York gubernatorial election">New York 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">Oklahoma 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Wisconsin_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Wisconsin gubernatorial election">Wisconsin 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Illinois gubernatorial election">Illinois 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Texas gubernatorial election">Texas 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2007 Louisiana gubernatorial election">Louisiana 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2008 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election">New Jersey 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">Colorado 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">Massachusetts 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Minnesota_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election">Minnesota 2010</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2010</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kentucky_gubernatorial_election" title="2011 Kentucky gubernatorial election">Kentucky 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2013 Virginia gubernatorial election">Virginia 2013</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2014</a></b>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hawaii_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Hawaii gubernatorial election">Hawaii 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Rhode Island gubernatorial election">Rhode Island 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wyoming_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Wyoming gubernatorial election">Wyoming 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Maine_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Maine gubernatorial election">Maine 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Kansas_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Kansas gubernatorial election">Kansas 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indiana_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Indiana gubernatorial election">Indiana 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vermont_gubernatorial_election" title="2020 Vermont gubernatorial election">Vermont 2020</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">Alaska 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Idaho_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Idaho gubernatorial election">Idaho 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Oregon_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Oregon gubernatorial election">Oregon 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_North_Dakota_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 North Dakota gubernatorial election">North Dakota 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Utah_gubernatorial_election" title="2024 Utah gubernatorial election">Utah 2024 (Republican write-in)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial Governors (since 1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1970 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1972 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="1974 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 1974</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1974</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1978</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1980 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="1988 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1990</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1994 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1994</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2000 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Northern_Mariana_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Northern Mariana Islands gubernatorial election">Northern Mariana Islands 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2002</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2005_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2005 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2005</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2006</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2009_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2009 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2009</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2010 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2014 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2014 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2014</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2014</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2016 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2018 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Guamanian_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Guamanian gubernatorial election">Guam 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2018 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2020 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Washington,_D.C.,_mayoral_election" title="2022 Washington, D.C., mayoral election">District of Columbia 2022</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Northern_Mariana_Islands_general_election" title="2022 Northern Mariana Islands general election">Northern Mariana Islands 2022</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election">U.S. Virgin Islands 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Puerto_Rican_general_election" title="2024 Puerto Rican general election">Puerto Rico 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_performances_in_United_States_state_legislative_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of third-party performances in United States state legislative elections">State legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Alaska_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Alaska state legislative elections">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Hawaii_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Hawaii state legislative elections">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Louisiana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Louisiana state legislative elections">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Montana_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Montana state legislative elections">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_West_Virginia_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in West Virginia state legislative elections">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_Wyoming_state_legislative_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in Wyoming state legislative elections">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party (U.S. politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress">Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialist_Party_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Template:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Template talk:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialist_Party_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential tickets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Hanford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_L._Benson" title="Allan L. Benson">Benson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Ross_Kirkpatrick" title="George Ross Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>, Endorsed <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_A._Nelson" title="George A. Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maynard_C._Krueger" title="Maynard C. Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tucker_P._Smith" title="Tucker P. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Friedman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties by state<br />and territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="State" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_California" title="Socialist Party of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Colorado" title="Socialist Party of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Socialist Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Florida" title="Socialist Party of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Kansas" title="Socialist Party of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Louisiana" title="Socialist Party of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Maine" title="Socialist Party of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Massachusetts" title="Socialist Party of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Michigan" title="Socialist Party of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Minnesota" title="Socialist Party of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Missouri" title="Socialist Party of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_Jersey" title="Socialist Party of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_York" title="Socialist Party of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_North_Carolina" title="Socialist Party of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_North_Dakota" title="Socialist Party of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ohio" title="Socialist Party of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Oklahoma" title="Socialist Party of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Oregon" title="Socialist Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Pennsylvania" title="Socialist Party of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Texas" title="Socialist Party of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Washington" title="Socialist Party of Washington">Washington (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">History of the socialist movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Social Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Socialist_Party" title="Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party">Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee" title="Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Socialist_League_(1907)" title="Young People's Socialist League (1907)">Young People's Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-language_press_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="English-language press of the Socialist Party of America">English-language press of the Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-English_press_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America">Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Woodrow_Wilson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Template:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Template talk:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Woodrow Wilson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Woodrow_Wilson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">28th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1913–1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of governors of New Jersey">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> (1911–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Princeton_University" title="List of presidents of Princeton University">President of Princeton University</a> (1902–1910)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidential transition of Woodrow Wilson">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1913 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson">1917 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">Roosevelt desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Woodrow Wilson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination">Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Woodrow Wilson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates#Laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">1919 Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th Amendment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels" title="Silent Sentinels">Silent Sentinels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Woman Suffrage Procession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1913 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1914 State of the Union Address">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1915 State of the Union Address">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1916 State of the Union Address">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1917 State of the Union Address">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1918 State of the Union Address">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1920 State of the Union Address">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Warren_G._Harding" title="Presidential transition of Warren G. Harding">Harding transition</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonianism" title="Wilsonianism">Wilsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan%E2%80%93Chamorro_Treaty" title="Bryan–Chamorro Treaty">Bryan–Chamorro Treaty</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">Occupation of Haiti</a> (1915–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">Occupation of the Dominican Republic</a> (1916–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Appropriations_Act_of_1916" title="Army Appropriations Act of 1916">Army Appropriations Act of 1916</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_National_Defense" title="Council of National Defense">Council of National Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Law_(Philippines)" title="Jones Law (Philippines)">Philippine Autonomy Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li>1917–1918; <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_campaigns_in_World_War_I" title="United States campaigns in World War I">campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I#United_States" title="Home front during World War I">home front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Information" title="Committee on Public Information">Committee on Public Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Minute_Men" title="Four Minute Men">Four Minute Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inquiry" title="The Inquiry">The Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Commission_to_Negotiate_Peace" title="American Commission to Negotiate Peace">American Commission to Negotiate Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">Selective Service Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migratory_Bird_Treaty_Act_of_1918" title="Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918">Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="National War Labor Board (1918–1919)">National War Labor Board</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918" title="Sedition Act of 1918">Sedition Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_Measure_Act_of_1918" title="Wartime Measure Act of 1918">Wartime Measure Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li>1919–1920; <a href="/wiki/Racial_Equality_Proposal" title="Racial Equality Proposal">Racial Equality Proposal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_speech" title="Pueblo speech">Pueblo speech</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> <ul><li>1919; <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(World_War_I)#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Big Four (World War I)">Big Four</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonian_Armenia" title="Wilsonian Armenia">Wilsonian Armenia</a> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom">New Freedom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Federal racial segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Labor_Act" title="Newlands Labor Act">Newlands Labor Act</a> <ul><li>1913; <a href="/wiki/National_Mediation_Board" title="National Mediation Board">Board of Mediation and Conciliation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raker_Act" title="Raker Act">Raker Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1913" title="Revenue Act of 1913">Revenue Act of 1913</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Income tax in the United States">Federal income tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act" title="Rivers and Harbors Act">Rivers and Harbors Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1913" title="Rivers and Harbors Act of 1913">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="River and Harbors Act of 1914">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1915" title="River and Harbors Act of 1915">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Harbors_Act_of_1916" title="River and Harbors Act of 1916">1916</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabath_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabath Act">Sabath Act</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Antitrust_Act_of_1914" title="Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914">Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act" title="Cotton Futures Act">Cotton Futures Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_Service_Act" title="Cutter Service Act">Cutter Service Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Internal_Revenue_Tax_Act" title="Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act">Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_Act_of_1914" title="Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914">Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_National_Park_(U.S.)" title="Glacier National Park (U.S.)">Glacier National Park Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Legislative Reference Service</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Lever_Act_of_1914" title="Smith–Lever Act of 1914">Smith–Lever Act of 1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Risk_Insurance_Act" title="War Risk Insurance Act">War Risk Insurance Act</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Inspection_Act" title="Locomotive Inspection Act">Locomotive Inspection Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupancy_Permits_Act" title="Occupancy Permits Act">Occupancy Permits Act</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_Act" title="Adamson Act">Adamson Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Disposal_Act_of_1916" title="Brush Disposal Act of 1916">Brush Disposal Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act_of_1916" title="Cotton Futures Act of 1916">Cotton Futures Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Road_Act_of_1916" title="Federal Aid Road Act of 1916">Federal Aid Road Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Employees%27_Compensation_Act" title="Federal Employees' Compensation Act">Federal Employees' Compensation Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Loan_Act" title="Federal Farm Loan Act">Federal Farm Loan Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_System" title="Farm Credit System">Farm Credit System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Board" title="Federal Farm Board">Federal Farm Loan Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraudulent_Advertising_Act_of_1916" title="Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916">Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keating%E2%80%93Owen_Act" title="Keating–Owen Act">Keating–Owen Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_Organic_Act" title="National Park Service Organic Act">National Park Service Organic Act</a> <ul><li>1916; <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1916" title="Revenue Act of 1916">Revenue Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Post_Roads_Act_of_1916" title="Rural Post Roads Act of 1916">Rural Post Roads Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_District_Act_of_1916_(Smith_Act)" title="Irrigation District Act of 1916 (Smith Act)">Smith Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock-Raising_Homestead_Act" title="Stock-Raising Homestead Act">Stock-Raising Homestead Act</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Grain_Standards_Act_of_1916" title="United States Grain Standards Act of 1916">United States Grain Standards Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_Act_of_1916" title="Warehouse Act of 1916">Warehouse Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Game_Refuges_Act_of_1916" title="Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916">Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1917" title="Flood Control Act of 1917">Flood Control Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith%E2%80%93Hughes_Act" title="Smith–Hughes Act">Smith–Hughes Act</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Board_for_Vocational_Education" title="U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education">U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Railroad_Administration" title="United States Railroad Administration">United States Railroad Administration</a> <ul><li>1917; <a href="/wiki/USRA_standard" title="USRA standard">USRA standard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_Revenue_Act_of_1917" title="War Revenue Act of 1917">War Revenue Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1918" title="Revenue Act of 1918">Revenue Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_National_Park" title="Acadia National Park">Acadia National Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Price_Guarantee_Act" title="Wheat Price Guarantee Act">Wheat Price Guarantee Act</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esch%E2%80%93Cummins_Act" title="Esch–Cummins Act">Esch–Cummins Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Labor_Board" title="Railroad Labor Board">Railroad Labor Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Act" title="Federal Power Act">Federal Power Act</a> <ul><li>1920; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission" title="Federal Power Commission">Federal Power Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Marine_Act_of_1920" title="Merchant Marine Act of 1920">Merchant Marine Act of 1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Leasing_Act_of_1920" title="Mineral Leasing Act of 1920">Mineral Leasing Act of 1920</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Presidential_Library" title="Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library">Birthplace and Presidential Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seeley_G._Mudd_Manuscript_Library" title="Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library">papers and manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home">Boyhood home in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)" title="Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home (Columbia, South Carolina)">Boyhood home in South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Princeton_University#Woodrow_Wilson" title="History of Princeton University">Princeton University president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlakenden" title="Harlakenden">Summer White House (Harlakenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Lawn_(New_Jersey)" title="Shadow Lawn (New Jersey)">Shadow Lawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Woodrow Wilson House (Washington, D.C.)">Woodrow Wilson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral#Burials" title="Washington National Cathedral">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Congressional Government</i> (1900)</li> <li><i>When a Man Comes to Himself</i> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Freedom" title="The New Freedom"><i>The New Freedom</i> (1913)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_History_of_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral History of Woodrow Wilson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election" title="1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election">1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912 U.S. presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of memorials to Woodrow Wilson">memorials</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Bibliography of Woodrow Wilson">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Awards" title="Woodrow Wilson Awards">Woodrow Wilson Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Foundation" title="Woodrow Wilson Foundation">Woodrow Wilson Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_Quarterly" title="The Wilson Quarterly">The Wilson Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Princeton School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_High_School_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Woodrow Wilson High School (disambiguation)">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy%E2%80%93King_College" title="Kennedy–King College">Woodrow Wilson Junior College</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Woodrow_Wilson_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of Woodrow Wilson (Austin, Texas)">Woodrow Wilson</a></i> (Austin statue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Square" title="Wilson Square">Wilson Square</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Monument" title="Woodrow Wilson Monument">Woodrow Wilson Monument</a> (Prague)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_National_Fellowship_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation">Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(1944_film)" title="Wilson (1944 film)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (1944 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiles_in_Courage_(TV_series)" title="Profiles in Courage (TV series)"><i>Profiles in Courage</i></a> (1965 series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_the_Birth_of_the_American_Century" title="Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century">Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century</a></i> (2002 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_(book)" title="Wilson (book)"><i>Wilson</i></a> (2013 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a></i> (2022 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a> (wife, 1885–1914, death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Bolling Wilson</a> (wife, 1915–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a> (daughter, acting first lady)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Woodrow_Wilson_Sayre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre">Jessie Wilson Sayre</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Wilson_McAdoo" title="Eleanor Wilson McAdoo">Eleanor Wilson McAdoo</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bowes_Sayre_Jr." title="Francis Bowes Sayre Jr.">Francis Sayre Jr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ruggles_Wilson" title="Joseph Ruggles Wilson">Joseph Ruggles Wilson</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(journalist)" title="James Wilson (journalist)">James Wilson</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Woodrow_Bones" title="Helen Woodrow Bones">Helen Woodrow Bones</a> (cousin, secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbs_McAdoo" title="William Gibbs McAdoo">William McAdoo</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Literary_and_Debating_Society" title="Jefferson Literary and Debating Society">Jefferson Literary and Debating Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race" title="Woodrow Wilson and race">Woodrow Wilson and race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">← William Howard Taft</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Woodrow_Wilson" title="Category:Woodrow Wilson">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Howard_Taft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:William_Howard_Taft" title="Template:William Howard Taft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Howard_Taft" title="Template talk:William Howard Taft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Howard_Taft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Howard Taft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Howard_Taft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States#List_of_chief_justices" title="Chief Justice of the United States">10th</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> (1921–1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">27th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1909–1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Cuba" title="List of colonial governors of Cuba">3rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">Provisional Governor of Cuba</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War#Secretary_of_War_(1789–1947)" title="United States Secretary of War">42nd</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> (1904–1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines#Insular_Government_(1901–1935)" title="Governor-General of the Philippines">Governor-General of the Philippines</a> (1901–1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States#List_of_solicitors_general" title="Solicitor General of the United States">6th</a> <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General of the United States</a> (1890–1892)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft#Presidency_(1909–1913)" title="William Howard Taft">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency" title="Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Inauguration of William Howard Taft">1909 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_diplomacy" title="Dollar diplomacy">Dollar diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Adoption" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Income Tax amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payne%E2%80%93Aldrich_Tariff_Act" title="Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act">Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeks_Act" title="Weeks Act">Weeks Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Federal Corrupt Practices Act">Federal Corrupt Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Ship_Act_of_1910" title="Wireless Ship Act of 1910">Wireless Ship Act of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apportionment_Act_of_1911" title="Apportionment Act of 1911">Apportionment Act of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Fur_Seal_Convention_of_1911" title="North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911">North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann%E2%80%93Elkins_Act" title="Mann–Elkins Act">Mann–Elkins Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Act_of_1912" title="Radio Act of 1912">Radio Act of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Secrets_Act_of_1911" title="Defense Secrets Act of 1911">Defense Secrets Act of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchot%E2%80%93Ballinger_controversy" title="Pinchot–Ballinger controversy">Pinchot–Ballinger controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Economy_and_Efficiency" title="Commission on Economy and Efficiency">Commission on Economy and Efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Nicaragua" title="United States occupation of Nicaragua">U.S. occupation of Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">United States Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_first_pitch#Presidential_first_pitches" title="Ceremonial first pitch">Ceremonial first pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1912 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft#Inauguration_and_appointments" title="William Howard Taft">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_William_Howard_Taft" title="List of federal judges appointed by William Howard Taft">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_William_Howard_Taft#United_States_Supreme_Court_Justices" title="List of federal judges appointed by William Howard Taft">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office#Taft_Oval_Office:_1909–33" title="Oval Office">First Oval Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidential transition of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief Justice,<br />Supreme Court</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft#Chief_Justice_(1921–1930)" title="William Howard Taft">Supreme Court career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1925" title="Judiciary Act of 1925">Judiciary Act of 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Creation of the Supreme Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taft_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court">Taft Court cases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taft_Commission" title="Taft Commission">Taft Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Insular Government of the Philippine Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines" title="Governor-General of the Philippines">Philippines Civil Governor, 1901–1904</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Katsura_agreement" title="Taft–Katsura agreement">Taft–Katsura agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Occupation_of_Cuba#Occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Occupation of Cuba">1906–1909 Occupation of Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Labor_Board_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="National War Labor Board (1918–1919)">National War Labor Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft#Early_life_and_education" title="William Howard Taft">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_National_Historic_Site" title="William Howard Taft National Historic Site">Birthplace, home, and historic site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbury_Point" title="Woodbury Point">Woodbury Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft_Bridge" title="Taft Bridge">Taft Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_William_Howard_Taft" title="Bibliography of William Howard Taft">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#William_Howard_Taft" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft,_Montana" title="Taft, Montana">Taft, Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_High_School_(New_York_City)" title="William Howard Taft High School (New York City)">High school (New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_High_School_(Chicago)" title="William Howard Taft High School (Chicago)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_Charter_High_School" title="William Howard Taft Charter High School">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_High_School_(San_Antonio)" title="William Howard Taft High School (San Antonio)">San Antonio)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention" title="1908 Republican National Convention">1908 Republican National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908 U.S. presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912 Republican National Convention</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1912 U.S. presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taft_family" title="Taft family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft">Helen Herron Taft</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert Alphonso Taft</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Taft_Manning" title="Helen Taft Manning">Helen Taft Manning</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Phelps_Taft_II" title="Charles Phelps Taft II">Charles Phelps Taft II</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_III" title="William Howard Taft III">William Howard Taft III</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Taft_Jr." title="Robert Taft Jr.">Robert Alphonso Taft Jr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Taft" title="Seth Taft">Seth Taft</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Taft" title="Alphonso Taft">Alphonso Taft</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Taft" title="Louise Taft">Louise Taft</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Phelps_Taft" title="Charles Phelps Taft">Charles Phelps Taft</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Waters_Taft" title="Henry Waters Taft">Henry Waters Taft</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Dutton_Taft" title="Horace Dutton Taft">Horace Dutton Taft</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Rawson_Taft" title="Peter Rawson Taft">Peter Rawson Taft</a> (paternal grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Possum" title="Billy Possum">Billy Possum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Wayne" title="Pauline Wayne">Pauline Wayne</a> (cow)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House">Backstairs at the White House</a></i> (1979 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_(miniseries)" title="Theodore Roosevelt (miniseries)">Theodore Roosevelt</a></i> (2022 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">← Theodore Roosevelt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:William_Howard_Taft" title="Category:William Howard Taft">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699289#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2010106963">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146122360">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146122360">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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