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id="toc-Colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Colonial era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_War_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_War_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Revolutionary War era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_War_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prominent_geographic_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_geographic_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prominent geographic features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominent_geographic_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Counties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Municipalities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birth_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birth_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Birth data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birth_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Sexual orientation and gender identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Educational standards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affluence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affluence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Affluence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affluence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiscal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Fiscal policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_taxation_disparity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_taxation_disparity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Federal taxation disparity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_taxation_disparity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Industries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scientific_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Scientific economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_and_retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_and_retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Corporate and retail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_and_retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping,_manufacturing,_and_logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping,_manufacturing,_and_logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 Shipping, manufacturing, and logistics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping,_manufacturing,_and_logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.5 Gambling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television_and_film_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_film_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6.1 Television and film production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_film_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6.2 Newspapers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6.3 Radio stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6.4 Television stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance_as_Wall_Street_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance_as_Wall_Street_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.7 Finance as Wall Street West </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance_as_Wall_Street_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_resources_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.8 Natural resources and energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roadways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Roadways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_and_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_and_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Rail and bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_and_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Ferries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Professional sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_league_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_league_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Major league sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_league_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor_league_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor_league_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Minor league sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor_league_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-College_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#College_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 College sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.1 Major schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4.2 Other schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_school" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_school"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 High school </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_school-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadiums_and_arenas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadiums_and_arenas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Stadiums and arenas </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stadiums_and_arenas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Stadiums and arenas subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Stadiums_and_arenas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_notable_sports_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_sports_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Other notable sports venues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_sports_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Executive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Legislative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Judicial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counties_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counties_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Counties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counties_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Municipalities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forms_of_municipal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_of_municipal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5.1 Forms of municipal government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms_of_municipal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_attitudes_and_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_attitudes_and_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6.1 Social attitudes and issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_attitudes_and_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6.2 Elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6.3 Capital punishment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Points of interest </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Points of interest subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boardwalks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boardwalks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Boardwalks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boardwalks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Park_Service_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Park_Service_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 National Park Service areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Park_Service_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_concert_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_concert_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Entertainment and concert venues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_concert_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theme_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theme_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Theme parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theme_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 U.S. government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">New Jersey</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 195 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-195" aria-hidden="true" > 195 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8C%84%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%9A" title="ኒው ጄርዚ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒው ጄርዚ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABwe_C%C4%93sar%C4%93a" title="Nīwe Cēsarēa – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīwe Cēsarēa" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="نيوجيرسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيوجيرسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Jersey" title="Nueva Jersey – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nueva Jersey" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98_%DC%93%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%A3%DC%9D" title="ܢܝܘ ܓܝܪܣܝ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܝܘ ܓܝܪܣܝ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Jersey" title="Nueva Jersey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva Jersey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_suyu" title="New Jersey suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="New Jersey suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-Cersi" title="Nyu-Cersi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-Cersi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نیوجرسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیوجرسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="নিউ জার্সি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউ জার্সি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Нью-Джэрсі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нью-Джэрсі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Нью-Джэрзі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нью-Джэрзі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यूजर्सी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यूजर्सी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Yersey" title="Niu Yersey – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Niu Yersey" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Ню Джърси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ню Джърси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ནེའུ་ཇེར་སས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནེའུ་ཇེར་སས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Jersey" title="Nova Jersey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Jersey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="نيوجيرسي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيوجيرسي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei-Schaersi" title="Nei-Schaersi – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nei-Schaersi" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_Y%C3%B3t%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_Deez%CA%BC%C3%A1h%C3%AD_Biy%C3%A1%C3%A1zh_Hahoodzo" title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼáhí Biyáázh Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼáhí Biyáázh Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%8A" title="Νιου Τζέρσεϊ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιου Τζέρσεϊ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Jersey" title="Nueva Jersey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Jersey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-%C4%B4erzejo" title="Nov-Ĵerzejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Ĵerzejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نیوجرسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیوجرسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij-Jersey" title="Nij-Jersey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nij-Jersey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nua-Gheirs%C3%AD" title="Nua-Gheirsí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nua-Gheirsí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Nuadh" title="Jersey Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Jersey Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Jersey" title="Nova Jersey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Jersey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80" title="ન્યૂ જર્સી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ન્યૂ જર્સી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF_%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A0%80%EC%A7%80%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴저지주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴저지주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%AB_%CA%BBIeleke" title="Nū ʻIeleke – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nū ʻIeleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Նյու Ջերսի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Ջերսի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यू जर्सी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यू जर्सी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova-Jersey" title="Nova-Jersey – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nova-Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BA_Jez%E1%BB%8B" title="Nú Jezị – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nú Jezị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="নিউ জার্সি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নিউ জার্সি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Jersey" title="Nov-Jersey – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nov-Jersey" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutaaq_Yursi" title="Nutaaq Yursi – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nutaaq Yursi" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INyujezi" title="INyujezi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="INyujezi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99" title="ניו ג'רזי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו ג'רזי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwu_J%C9%9Brsii" title="Niwu Jɛrsii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Niwu Jɛrsii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-ჯერსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-ჯერსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersi_Nowydh" title="Jersi Nowydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jersi Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouj%C3%A8ze" title="Noujèze – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Noujèze" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BB_Jersey" title="Nû Jersey – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nû Jersey" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Жерси – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нью-Жерси" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueva_Jersey" title="Mueva Jersey – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Mueva Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Caesarea" title="Nova Caesarea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova Caesarea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85%C5%ABd%C5%BEersija" title="Ņūdžersija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņūdžersija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujasis_D%C5%BEersis" title="Naujasis Džersis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujasis Džersis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvo_Jersey" title="Neuvo Jersey – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Neuvo Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यू जर्सी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्यू जर्सी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Њу Џерси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Њу Џерси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="ന്യൂ ജെഴ്സി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂ ജെഴ്സി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Herei" title="Niu Herei – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Niu Herei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यू जर्सी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू जर्सी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ნიუ-ჯერსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიუ-ჯერსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89" title="نيو جيرسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو جيرسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نیو جرسی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیو جرسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯖꯔꯁꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯖꯔꯁꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%AB-c%C4%83%CC%A4-s%C4%AB" title="Niū-că̤-sī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Niū-că̤-sī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Жерси – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нью-Жерси" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နယူးဂျာစီပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးဂျာစီပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyjersey" title="Nyjersey – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nyjersey" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यु जर्सी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="न्यु जर्सी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्यु जर्सी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्यु जर्सी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9E" title="ニュージャージー州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュージャージー州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Jersei" title="Nòva Jersei – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva Jersei" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-Jersi" title="Nyu-Jersi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyu-Jersi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਿਊ ਜਰਸੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊ ਜਰਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्हु जर्सी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="न्हु जर्सी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نیو جرسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیو جرسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="نیو جرسي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیو جرسي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_J%C3%A9rsia" title="Nova Jérsia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Jérsia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_Cersi" title="Nyu Cersi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nyu Cersi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_suyu" title="New Jersey suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="New Jersey suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Ню Джерзи – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ню Джерзи" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью Дьэрси – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нью Дьэрси" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="न्‍यू जर्सी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="न्‍यू जर्सी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Xhersi" title="Nju Xhersi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nju Xhersi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="نيو جرسي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيو جرسي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="نیوجێرزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیوجێرزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83_%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Њу Џерзи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њу Џерзи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="நியூ செர்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூ செர்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Нью-Джерси – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нью-Джерси" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80" title="న్యూ జెర్సీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="న్యూ జెర్సీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐนิวเจอร์ซีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนิวเจอร์ซีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D2%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ню-Ҷерсӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ню-Ҷерсӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A4_%E1%8F%A8%E1%8F%8F" title="ᎠᏤ ᏨᏏ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏤ ᏨᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Нью-Джерсі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Джерсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نیوجرسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیوجرسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9ngi_J%C3%A9rs%C3%A9y_Shtati" title="Yéngi Jérséy Shtati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Yéngi Jérséy Shtati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新澤西州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="新澤西州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新泽西州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99" title="ניו זשערסי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו זשערסי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="紐澤西州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紐澤西州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naus_D%C5%BEers%C4%97s" title="Naus Džersės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Naus Džersės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新泽西州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="New Jersey" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_%C4%8Cersi" title="Nju Čersi – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Nju Čersi" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1408#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_Jersey&params=40_N_74.5_W_dim:200000_region:US-NJ_type:adm1st&title=State+of+New+Jersey">40°00′N 74°30′W / 40.0°N 74.5°W / 40.0; -74.5 (State of New Jersey)</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New Jersey (disambiguation)">New Jersey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NJ" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NJ_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NJ (disambiguation)">NJ (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">New Jersey</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Nieuw Jersey (<a href="/wiki/Jersey_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Dutch">Jersey Dutch</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Jersey"><img alt="The flag shows the state's coat of arms in a yellow background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/125px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/188px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/250px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of New Jersey">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of New Jersey"><img alt="The seal shows a shield with three plows, a gold helmet facing forward, a horse on top looking left, and two female figures, Liberty on the left and Ceres on the right. Liberty is holding a staff with the Phrygian cap on the right hand while Ceres holds a cornucopia overflowing with various fruits with one of the hands of both figures touching the shield. At the bottom, the state's motto, "Liberty and Prosperity" and the year, 1776. Outside of the coat of arms, the words "The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey" is printed circling around a circle border." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/100px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/200px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of New Jersey">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Garden State<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Liberty and prosperity</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Jersey_in_United_States_(zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/300px-New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/450px-New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/600px-New_Jersey_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">Province of New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 18, 1787 (3rd)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tahesha_Way" title="Tahesha Way">Tahesha Way</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Senate" title="New Jersey Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Jersey" title="Supreme Court of New Jersey">Supreme Court of New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States senators from New Jersey">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/George_Helmy" title="George Helmy">George Helmy</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States representatives from New Jersey">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 Democrats 3 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> 1 vacant (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_Jersey" title="United States congressional delegations from New Jersey">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,722.58 sq mi (22,591.38 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">7,354.22<a href="#cite_note-NJCensusfacts-2">[2]</a> sq mi (19,047.34 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1,368.36 sq mi (3,544.04 km2)  15.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">47th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">170 mi (273 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">70 mi (112 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">250 ft (80 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/High_Point_(New_Jersey)" title="High Point (New Jersey)">High Point</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSA-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-4">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,803 ft (549.6 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Atlantic Ocean<a href="#cite_note-USGSA-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFactsNJ-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020Census-7">[6]</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,288,994</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,263.0/sq mi (487.6/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$97,126 in 2022<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts2019-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New Jerseyan (official),<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> New Jerseyite<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (only) 69.4%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> 15.9%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> 2.7%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> 1.5%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> 1.1%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> 0.97%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> 0.94%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> 0.91%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> 0.83%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> 0.76%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> 0.72%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> 0.57%</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_05:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 05:00">UTC– 05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_04:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 04:00">UTC– 04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">NJ</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-NJ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">N.J.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">38°56′ N to 41°21′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">73°54′ W to 75°34′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov">nj.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> New Jersey is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic States">Mid-Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a> regions of the United States. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population density">most densely populated</a> state and at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>. New Jersey is bordered to the northeast by <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York state</a>; on its east, southeast, and south by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>; on its west by the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>; and on its southwest by <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>. At 7,354 square miles (19,050 km2), New Jersey is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">fifth-smallest state in land area</a>, but with close to 9.3 million residents as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, it ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">11th in population</a>. The state capital is <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, and the state's most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Jersey" title="List of counties in New Jersey">county</a> is deemed <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. New Jersey was first inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a> as early as 13,000 B.C.E. The <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> were the dominant <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indigenous group</a> when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivived into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish</a> colonists founded the first European settlements in the state,<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">British</a> later seizing control of the region and establishing the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">Province of New Jersey</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The colony's fertile lands and relative <a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">religious tolerance</a> drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> that supported the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, hosting several <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">pivotal battles and military commands</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. New Jersey remained in the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">provided</a> troops, resources, and military leaders in support of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>. After the war, the state emerged as a major <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> center and a leading destination for immigrants, helping drive the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the U.S. New Jersey was the site of many industrial, technological, and commercial <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Jersey" title="List of people from New Jersey">Many prominent Americans associated with New Jersey</a> have proven influential nationally and globally, including in academia, advocacy, business, entertainment, government, military, non-profit leadership, and other fields. New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and <a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">suburbanization</a> in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors including <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_West" title="Wall Street West">finance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, and it has become an <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Atlantic seaboard</a> epicenter for <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">distribution</a>. New Jersey remains a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">multicultural populations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReUrbanizationNJ22-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReUrbanizationNJ3-18">[17]</a> Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> since 2008.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> New Jersey is one of the most educated, affluent, healthy, diverse and highly developed states in the U.S., ranking it high in several quality of life metrics.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> As of 2022, New Jersey had the highest annual <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a>, at $96,346, of all 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-NJWealth-21">[20]</a> Almost one-tenth of all households in the state, or over 323,000, are <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionaires</a>, the highest representation of millionaires among all states.<a href="#cite_note-Millionaires2-22">[21]</a> New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">public school</a> system consistently ranks at or among the top of all U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-KellyHeyboer20202-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kelly_Heyboer2-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report2-26">[25]</a> In 2024, New Jersey was ranked as having the second-healthiest population overall.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> New Jersey was ranked as the fourth most diverse state in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> New Jersey ranks near the top on both the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_American_Human_Development_Index" title="List of U.S. states by American Human Development Index">American Human Development Index</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index">standard Human Development Index</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Climatology" title="Climatology">climatology</a> research by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, New Jersey has been the fastest-warming state by average <a href="/wiki/Air_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Air temperature">air temperature</a> over a 100-year period beginning in the early 20th century, which has been attributed to warming of the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyFastestWarmingState-29">[28]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Jersey" title="History of New Jersey">History of New Jersey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_era">Prehistoric era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_New_Jersey" title="Paleontology in New Jersey">Paleontology in New Jersey</a></div> The pressure of collision between <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. Around 18,000 years ago, the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation" title="Wisconsin glaciation">Ice Age</a> resulted in <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a> that reached New Jersey. As glaciers retreated, they left behind <a href="/wiki/Lake_Passaic" title="Lake Passaic">Lake Passaic</a> along with rivers, <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadows</a>, swamps, and <a href="/wiki/Gorge" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorge">gorges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/6th_millennium_BC" title="6th millennium BC">6th millennium BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> people have inhabited New Jersey, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape tribe</a>. Scheyichbi is the <a href="/wiki/Unami_language" title="Unami language">Lenape</a> name for the land that represents present-day New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The Lenape were several <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomous</a> groups that practiced <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> agriculture in order to supplement their hunting and gathering in the region surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>, the lower <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, and western <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a>. The Lenape were divided into <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> clans that were based upon common female ancestors. Clans were organized into three distinct <a href="/wiki/Phratry" title="Phratry">phratries</a> identified by their animal sign: <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf</a>. They first encountered the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch</a> in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Dutch and later European settlers was through <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_era">Colonial era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_New_Jersey" title="Colonial history of New Jersey">Colonial history of New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">Province of New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg/170px-Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg/255px-Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg/340px-Nieuw_Nederland_and_Nya_Sverige.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>A map of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> in New Jersey during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_New_Jersey" title="Colonial history of New Jersey">colonial era</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> were the first <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europeans</a> to lay claim to lands in New Jersey. The Dutch colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> consisted of parts of the modern <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a> states. Although the European principle of <a href="/wiki/Land_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Land ownership">land ownership</a> was not recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> policy required its colonists to purchase land that they settled. The first to do so was <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Reyniersz_Pauw" title="Michiel Reyniersz Pauw">Michiel Pauw</a>, who established a patron ship called <a href="/wiki/Pavonia,_New_Netherland" title="Pavonia, New Netherland">Pavonia</a> in 1630 along <a href="/wiki/North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">North River</a>, that eventually became <a href="/wiki/Bergen,_New_Netherland" title="Bergen, New Netherland">Bergen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit">Peter Minuit</a>'s purchase of lands along the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> established the colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>, that lasted until the Dutch conquered it in 1655. Then the entire region became a territory of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> on June 24, 1664, after an English fleet under command of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nicolls" title="Richard Nicolls">Richard Nicolls</a> sailed into what is now <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> and took control of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Amsterdam" title="Fort Amsterdam">Fort Amsterdam</a>, annexing the entire province. During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Island</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> remained loyal to the British Crown and gave sanctuary to the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King</a>. In the Royal Square in <a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>. North American lands were divided by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, who gave his brother, the Duke of York (later <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">King James II</a>), the region between <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">proprietary colony</a> (as opposed to a <a href="/wiki/Royal_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal colony">royal colony</a>). James then granted land between the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> (the land that would become New Jersey) to two friends who had remained loyal through the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Carteret" title="George Carteret">Sir George Carteret</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Berkeley,_1st_Baron_Berkeley_of_Stratton" title="John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton">Lord Berkeley of Stratton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The area was named the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">Province of New Jersey</a>. Since its inception, New Jersey has been characterized by <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">ethnic and religious diversity</a>. New England <a href="/wiki/Congregationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalists">Congregationalists</a> settled alongside <a href="/wiki/Scots%27_Church,_Melbourne" title="Scots' Church, Melbourne">Scots Presbyterians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reformed">Dutch Reformed</a> migrants. While the majority of residents lived in towns with individual <a href="/wiki/Landowner" class="mw-redirect" title="Landowner">landholdings</a> of 100 acres (40 ha), a few rich proprietors owned vast estates. English <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> owned large landholdings. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> and other colonies, New Jersey was populated by a secondary wave of immigrants who came from other colonies instead of those who migrated directly from Europe. New Jersey remained agrarian and rural throughout the colonial era, and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial agriculture">commercial farming</a> developed sporadically. Some townships, such as <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington, New Jersey">Burlington</a> on the Delaware River and <a href="/wiki/Perth_Amboy" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Amboy">Perth Amboy</a>, emerged as important ports for shipping to New York City and Philadelphia. The colony's fertile lands and <a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">tolerant religious policy</a> drew more settlers, and New Jersey's population had increased to 120,000 by 1775. Settlement for the first ten years of English rule took place along the <a href="/wiki/Hackensack_River" title="Hackensack River">Hackensack River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill" title="Arthur Kill">Arthur Kill</a>. Settlers came primarily from New York and New England. On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quakers</a> in England, who settled the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> region as a Quaker colony, with <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> acting as <a href="/wiki/Trustee" title="Trustee">trustee</a> for the lands for a time. New Jersey was governed as two distinct provinces, <a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a>, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702, which were part of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> from 1686 to 1689. In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Governor_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Governor of New Jersey">royal governor</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary governor">proprietary one</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_3rd_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde</a>, titled Lord Cornbury, became the first governor of the royal colony. Britain believed that he was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land. In 1708, he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused these governors of favoritism to New York. <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Morris_(governor)" title="Lewis Morris (governor)">Judge Lewis Morris</a> led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">King George II</a> in 1738.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutionary_War_era">Revolutionary War era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War">Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Revolution" title="New Jersey in the American Revolution">New Jersey in the American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation#Ratification" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation § Ratification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention (United States)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/330px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/440px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a>, an 1851 portrait by <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Washington's covert crossing the Delaware River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County, Pennsylvania</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a> on December 25, 1776, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princetonwashington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Princetonwashington.jpg/220px-Princetonwashington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Princetonwashington.jpg/330px-Princetonwashington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Princetonwashington.jpg/440px-Princetonwashington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4143" data-file-height="3099" /></a><figcaption>Washington Rallying the Americans at the Battle of Princeton, a portrait by <a href="/wiki/William_Ranney" title="William Ranney">William Ranney</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> rallying <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a> in January 1777</figcaption></figure> New Jersey was one of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> that revolted against British rule in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Constitution_of_1776" class="extiw" title="s:New Jersey Constitution of 1776">New Jersey Constitution of 1776</a> was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> declared American Independence from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. It was an act of the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Congress_of_New_Jersey" title="Provincial Congress of New Jersey">Provincial Congress</a>, which made itself into the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">State Legislature</a>. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become the legislature would disband if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain. Among the 56 <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Fathers">Founding Fathers</a> who signed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, five were New Jersey representatives: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stockton_(Continental_Congressman)" title="Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)">Richard Stockton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hopkinson" title="Francis Hopkinson">Francis Hopkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="John Hart (New Jersey politician)">John Hart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Clark" title="Abraham Clark">Abraham Clark</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times, and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Because of this, New Jersey today is sometimes referred to as "The Crossroads of the American Revolution".<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The winter quarters of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> were established in New Jersey twice by General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey" title="Morristown, New Jersey">Morristown</a>, which has been called "The Military Capital of the American Revolution."<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army under <a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">George Washington crossed the Delaware River</a>. After the crossing, they surprised and defeated the <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldiers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessian (soldiers)">Hessian troops</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a>. Slightly more than a week after victory at <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, Continental Army forces gained an important victory by stopping <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">General Cornwallis's</a> charges at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Trenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Trenton">Second Battle of Trenton</a>. By evading Cornwallis's army, the Continental Army was able to make a surprise attack on <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> and successfully defeated the British forces there on January 3, 1777. <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>'s painting of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a> became an icon of the Revolution. Continental Army forces under Washington's command met British forces under General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clinton_(American_War_of_Independence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Clinton (American War of Independence)">Henry Clinton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a> in an indecisive engagement in June 1778. Washington's forces attempted to take the British column by surprise. When the British army attempted to flank the Americans, the Continental Army retreated in disorder. Their ranks were later reorganized and withstood British charges.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In the summer of 1783, the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> met in <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">Nassau Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, making <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> the nation's capital for four months. It was there that the Continental Congress learned of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>, which ended the war. On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, which was overwhelmingly popular in New Jersey since it prevented New York and Pennsylvania from charging <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on goods imported from Europe. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey became the first in the newly formed Union to ratify the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> The 1776 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Jersey" title="Constitution of New Jersey">New Jersey State Constitution</a> gave the vote to all inhabitants who had a certain level of wealth. This included women and Black people, but not married women because they were not legally permitted to own property separately from their husbands. Both sides, in several elections, claimed that the other side had had unqualified women vote and mocked them for use of petticoat electors, whether entitled to vote or not; on the other hand, both parties passed Voting Rights Acts. In 1807, legislature passed a bill interpreting the constitution to mean universal white male <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>, excluding paupers; the constitution was itself an act of the legislature and not enshrined as the modern constitution.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_19th_century" title="New Jersey in the 19th century">New Jersey in the 19th century</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Jersey in the American Civil War">New Jersey in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Line_of_the_Morris_Canal,_New_Jersey,_1827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg/220px-Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg/330px-Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg/440px-Line_of_the_Morris_Canal%2C_New_Jersey%2C_1827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6325" data-file-height="2746" /></a><figcaption>Map of the 107-mile-long (172 km) <a href="/wiki/Morris_Canal" title="Morris Canal">Morris Canal</a> across <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolish</a> new <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. This led to a gradual decrease of the slave population. By the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>'s end, about a dozen African Americans in New Jersey were still held in bondage.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> New Jersey voters eventually ratified the constitutional amendments banning slavery and granting rights to the United States' black population. Industrialization accelerated in the present-day <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a> region of the state following completion of the <a href="/wiki/Morris_Canal" title="Morris Canal">Morris Canal</a> in 1831. The canal allowed for <a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">anthracite coal</a> to be transported from eastern <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a> to North Jersey's growing industries in <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>. In 1844, the second <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Constitution">state constitution</a> was ratified and brought into effect. Counties thereby became districts for the state senate, and some realignment of boundaries (including the creation of <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a>) immediately followed. This provision was retained in the 1947 Constitution, but was overturned by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in 1962, by the decision <a href="/wiki/Baker_v._Carr" title="Baker v. Carr">Baker v. Carr</a>. While the Governorship was stronger than under the 1776 constitution, the constitution of 1844 created many offices that were not responsible to him, or to the people, and it gave him a three-year term, but he could not succeed himself. New Jersey was one of the few Union states (the others being <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>) to select a candidate other than <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> twice in national elections, and sided with <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (1860) and <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (1864) during their campaigns. McClellan, a native Philadelphian, had New Jersey ties and formally resided in New Jersey at the time; he later became Governor of New Jersey (1878–81). (In New Jersey, the factions of the Democratic party managed an effective coalition in 1860.) During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the state was led first by Republican governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Smith_Olden" title="Charles Smith Olden">Charles Smith Olden</a>, then by Democrat <a href="/wiki/Joel_Parker_(politician)" title="Joel Parker (politician)">Joel Parker</a>. During the course of the war, between 65,000 and 80,000 soldiers from the state enlisted in the Union army; unlike many states, including some Northern ones, no battle was fought there.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, cities like <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a> grew and prospered. Previously, the economy had been largely agrarian, which was problematically subject to crop failures and poor soil. This caused a shift to a more <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialized</a> economy, one based on manufactured commodities such as textiles and silk. <a href="/wiki/List_of_inventors" title="List of inventors">Inventor</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> also became an important figure of the Industrial Revolution, having been <a href="/wiki/List_of_Edison_patents" title="List of Edison patents">granted 1,093 patents</a>, many of which for inventions he developed while working in New Jersey. Edison's facilities, first at <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Menlo Park, New Jersey">Menlo Park</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange</a>, are considered perhaps the first <a href="/wiki/Research_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Research center">research centers</a> in the United States. Christie Street in Menlo Park was the first thoroughfare in the world to have electric lighting. Transportation was greatly improved as <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboats</a> were introduced to New Jersey. <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">Iron</a> mining was also a leading industry during the middle to late 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Bog_iron" title="Bog iron">Bog iron</a> pits in the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pine_Barrens" title="New Jersey Pine Barrens">New Jersey Pine Barrens</a> were among the first sources of iron for the new nation.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Mines such as Mt. Hope, Mine Hill, and the Rockaway Valley Mines created a thriving industry. Mining generated the impetus for new towns and was one of the driving forces behind the need for the <a href="/wiki/Morris_Canal" title="Morris Canal">Morris Canal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> mines were also a major industry, especially the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Hill_Mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterling Hill Mine">Sterling Hill Mine</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_20th_century" title="New Jersey in the 20th century">New Jersey in the 20th century</a></div> New Jersey prospered through the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Miss_America_Pageant" class="mw-redirect" title="Miss America Pageant">Miss America Pageant</a> was held in 1921 in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a> connecting <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> opened in 1927; and the first <a href="/wiki/Drive-in_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-in movie">drive-in movie</a> was shown in 1933 in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s, the state offered begging licenses to unemployed residents,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> the zeppelin airship <a href="/wiki/Hindenburg_disaster" title="Hindenburg disaster">Hindenburg</a> crashed in flames over <a href="/wiki/Lakehurst,_New_Jersey" title="Lakehurst, New Jersey">Lakehurst</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SS_Morro_Castle_(1930)" title="SS Morro Castle (1930)">SS Morro Castle</a> beached itself near <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a> after going up in flames while at sea. Through both <a href="/wiki/World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="World War">World Wars</a>, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially naval construction. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Shipbuilding_and_Drydock_Company" title="Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company">Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company</a> yards in Kearny and Newark and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="New York Shipbuilding Corporation">New York Shipbuilding Corporation</a> yard in Camden produced <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> New Jersey manufactured 6.8 percent of total United States military armaments produced during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ranking fifth among the 48 states.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dix,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dix, New Jersey">Fort Dix</a> (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),<a href="#cite_note-dixhist-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Camp_Merritt_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Merritt (New Jersey)">Camp Merritt</a> (1917),<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Kilmer" title="Camp Kilmer">Camp Kilmer</a> (1941)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] were all constructed to house and train American soldiers through both World Wars. New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Fourteen <a href="/wiki/Project_Nike" title="Project Nike">Nike missile</a> stations were constructed for the defense of the New York City and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> areas. <a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat_PT-109" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109">PT-109</a>, a motor torpedo boat commanded by Lt. (j.g.) <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in World War II, was built at the Elco Boatworks in <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a>. The aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)">USS Enterprise (CV-6)</a> was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Kearney to be scrapped.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In 1962, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the <a href="/wiki/NS_Savannah" title="NS Savannah">NS Savannah</a>, was launched at Camden. In 1951, the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike">New Jersey Turnpike</a> opened, facilitating efficient travel by car and truck between <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">metropolitan New York</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">metropolitan Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Subsequently, in 1957, the <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway">Garden State Parkway</a> was completed, serving as a diagonal counterpart to the Turnpike, and opening up highway travel along New Jersey's coastal flank between <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> in the northeast and the <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape May peninsula">peninsula</a> at the southeastern tip of New Jersey; in doing so, the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> became readily accessible to millions of residents in the New York metropolitan area. In 1959, Air Defense Command deployed the <a href="/wiki/CIM-10_Bomarc" title="CIM-10 Bomarc">CIM-10 Bomarc</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> to <a href="/wiki/McGuire_Air_Force_Base" title="McGuire Air Force Base">McGuire Air Force Base</a>. On June 7, 1960, an <a href="/wiki/BOMARC_Missile_Accident_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="BOMARC Missile Accident Site">explosion</a> in a CIM-10 Bomarc missile fuel tank caused an accident and subsequent plutonium contamination.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Race riot">race riots</a> erupted in many of the industrial cities of <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a>. The first race riots in New Jersey occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964. Several others ensued in 1967, in <a href="/wiki/1967_Newark_riots" title="1967 Newark riots">Newark</a> and <a href="/wiki/1967_Plainfield_riots" title="1967 Plainfield riots">Plainfield</a>. <a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">Other riots</a> followed the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> in April 1968, just as in the rest of the country. A <a href="/wiki/Camden_Riot_of_1971" title="Camden Riot of 1971">riot</a> occurred in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> in 1971. As a result of an order from the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Supreme Court">New Jersey Supreme Court</a> to fund schools equitably, the New Jersey legislature passed an income tax bill in 1976. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax.<a href="#cite_note-tws29decf3354-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_in_the_21st_century" title="New Jersey in the 21st century">New Jersey in the 21st century</a></div> In the early part of the 2000s, two <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> systems were opened: the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%E2%80%93Bergen_Light_Rail" title="Hudson–Bergen Light Rail">Hudson–Bergen Light Rail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson County">Hudson County</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Line_(NJ_Transit)" title="River Line (NJ Transit)">River Line</a> between <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>. The intent of these projects was to encourage <a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">transit-oriented development</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a>, respectively. The HBLR was credited with a revitalization of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Urban revitalization has continued in North Jersey in the 21st century. In 2014, Jersey City's Census-estimated population was 262,146,<a href="#cite_note-PopEst-55">[54]</a> with the largest population increase of any municipality in New Jersey since 2010,<a href="#cite_note-JC2014Est-56">[55]</a> representing an increase of 5.9% from the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a>, when the city's population was enumerated at 247,597.<a href="#cite_note-Census2010-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-LWD2010-58">[57]</a> Between <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a> Newark experienced its first population increase since the 1950s, and by <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a> had rebounded to 311,549.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of New Jersey</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_state_symbols" title="List of New Jersey state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/250px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/375px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/500px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of New Jersey">Flag of New Jersey</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/150px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/225px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg/300px-Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of New Jersey">Seal of New Jersey</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_goldfinch" title="American goldfinch">Eastern goldfinch</a><a href="#cite_note-NJBird-60">[59]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brook_trout" title="Brook trout">Brook trout</a><a href="#cite_note-NJFish-61">[60]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viola_sororia" title="Viola sororia">Viola sororia</a><a href="#cite_note-NJFlower-62">[61]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_honey_bee" title="Western honey bee">Western honey bee</a><a href="#cite_note-NJInsect-63">[62]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Horse<a href="#cite_note-NJAnimal-59">[58]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quercus_rubra" title="Quercus rubra">Quercus rubra</a> (northern red oak),<a href="#cite_note-NJTree-64">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dogwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogwood">dogwood</a> (memorial tree)<a href="#cite_note-NJTree-64">[63]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_colors" title="List of U.S. state colors">Color</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Buff and blue <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Folk dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a><a href="#cite_note-NJDance-65">[64]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_highbush_blueberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern highbush blueberry">Northern highbush blueberry</a> (state fruit)<a href="#cite_note-NJBerry-66">[65]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hadrosaurus_foulkii" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrosaurus foulkii">Hadrosaurus foulkii</a><a href="#cite_note-NJDino-67">[66]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Downer_(soil)" title="Downer (soil)">Downer</a><a href="#cite_note-NJSoil-68">[67]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellipse_sign_47.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ellipse_sign_47.svg/85px-Ellipse_sign_47.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ellipse_sign_47.svg/128px-Ellipse_sign_47.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ellipse_sign_47.svg/170px-Ellipse_sign_47.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:1999_NJ_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Jersey quarter dollar coin"><img alt="New Jersey quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1999_NJ_Proof.png/85px-1999_NJ_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1999_NJ_Proof.png/129px-1999_NJ_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/1999_NJ_Proof.png/171px-1999_NJ_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="768" /></a><div>Released in 1999</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 300px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-overlays="["_60c7a3c14f48abb63251814ebc71042c927185de"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_Jersey&groups=_60c7a3c14f48abb63251814ebc71042c927185de" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_Jersey&groups=_60c7a3c14f48abb63251814ebc71042c927185de 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">Interactive map of New Jersey</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Jersey" title="Geography of New Jersey">Geography of New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Jersey" title="Climate of New Jersey">Climate of New Jersey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Jersey" title="List of counties in New Jersey">List of counties in New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey">Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_Lake,_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg/300px-Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg/450px-Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg/600px-Spring_Lake%2C_New_Jersey_Beach_at_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4322" data-file-height="2922" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_may.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cape_may.jpg/300px-Cape_may.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cape_may.jpg/450px-Cape_may.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cape_may.jpg/600px-Cape_may.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sunrise on the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> at <a href="/wiki/Spring_Lake,_New_Jersey" title="Spring Lake, New Jersey">Spring Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth County</a> (top) and sunset at <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Beach,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunset Beach, New Jersey">Sunset Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> (bottom)</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockefeller_Overlook,_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway,_Englewood_Cliffs,_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg/220px-Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg/330px-Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg/440px-Rockefeller_Overlook%2C_Palisades_Interstate_Parkway%2C_Englewood_Cliffs%2C_New_Jersey_-_20200907_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3948" data-file-height="2369" /></a><figcaption>Atop the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Palisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Palisades">Hudson Palisades</a> in <a href="/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs,_New_Jersey" title="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey">Englewood Cliffs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg/220px-Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg/330px-Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg/440px-Delaware_Water_Gap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap" title="Delaware Water Gap">Delaware Water Gap</a> is shared between <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren County</a> and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg/220px-Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg/330px-Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg/440px-Clinton_NJ_Easter_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4014" data-file-height="2666" /></a><figcaption>At 69.6 mi (112.0 km) in length, <a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan River</a> is the longest river entirely within New Jersey, flowing from <a href="/wiki/Raritan_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Raritan Valley">Raritan Valley</a> near <a href="/wiki/Clinton,_New_Jersey" title="Clinton, New Jersey">Clinton</a> (above), eastward to <a href="/wiki/Raritan_Bay" title="Raritan Bay">Raritan Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson,_NJ_(6326116759).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg/220px-A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg/330px-A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg/440px-A_beautiful_Autumn_day_in_Paterson%2C_NJ_%286326116759%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_(Passaic_River)" title="Great Falls (Passaic River)">Great Falls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Passaic_River" title="Passaic River">Passaic River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a> was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">U.S. National Historical Park</a> in 2009.</figcaption></figure> New Jersey is located at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>, the most populated American <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">urban agglomeration</a>. It is bordered on the north and northeast by <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (parts of which are across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kill_Van_Kull" title="Kill Van Kull">Kill Van Kull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newark_Bay" title="Newark Bay">Newark Bay</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill" title="Arthur Kill">Arthur Kill</a>); on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the southwest by <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> across <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a>; and on the west by <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>. New Jersey is broadly divided into the <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Jersey" title="Central Jersey">Central</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a> geographic regions, although some residents do not consider Central Jersey a region in its own right. Across the regions are five distinct areas divided by natural geography and population concentration. Northeastern New Jersey, often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Region" title="Gateway Region">Gateway Region</a>, lies closest to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> in New York City, and up to a million residents commute daily into the city for work, many via public transportation.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>, along the Atlantic Coast in Central and South Jersey, has its own unique natural, residential, and cultural characteristics owing to its location by the ocean. South Jersey represents the southernmost geographical region of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeastern United States</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> includes the southwestern counties of the state, which reside within the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a> surrounding <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. Despite its heavily urban character and a long history of <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a>, forests cover roughly 45 percent of New Jersey's land area, or approximately 2.1 million acres (8,500 km2), ranking 31st among the 50 U.S. states and six territories.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Northwestern New Jersey, often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Skylands_Region" title="Skylands Region">Skylands Region</a>, is more wooded, rural, and mountainous. The chief tree of the northern forests is the <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pine_Barrens" title="New Jersey Pine Barrens">New Jersey Pine Barrens</a> is situated in the southern interior of New Jersey and covered extensively by mixed <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> forest; its population density is lower than most of the state. <a href="/wiki/High_Point_(New_Jersey)" title="High Point (New Jersey)">High Point</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montague_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Montague Township, New Jersey">Montague Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a> is the state's highest elevation at 1,803 feet (550 m) above sea level. The state's highest <a href="/wiki/Prominence_(mountains)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prominence (mountains)">prominence</a> is <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Ann_Mountain" title="Kitty Ann Mountain">Kitty Ann Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris County</a>, rising 892 feet (272 m). The <a href="/wiki/The_Palisades_(Hudson_River)" title="The Palisades (Hudson River)">Palisades</a> are a line of steep cliffs on the west side of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson Counties</a>. Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Jersey rivers">New Jersey rivers</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passaic_River" title="Passaic River">Passaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hackensack_River" title="Hackensack River">Hackensack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahway_River" title="Rahway River">Rahway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musconetcong_River" title="Musconetcong River">Musconetcong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mullica_River" title="Mullica River">Mullica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rancocas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancocas River">Rancocas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manasquan_River" title="Manasquan River">Manasquan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_River" title="Maurice River">Maurice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toms_River" title="Toms River">Toms</a> rivers. Due to New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsular</a> geography, both sunrise and sunset are visible over water from different points on the Jersey Shore. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominent_geographic_features">Prominent geographic features</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManaInlet_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ManaInlet_II.JPG/220px-ManaInlet_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ManaInlet_II.JPG/330px-ManaInlet_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/ManaInlet_II.JPG/440px-ManaInlet_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> extends inland from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> into its many <a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlets</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Manasquan_Inlet" title="Manasquan Inlet">Manasquan Inlet</a>, looking westward at <a href="/wiki/Sunset" title="Sunset">sunset</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Manasquan,_New_Jersey" title="Manasquan, New Jersey">Manasquan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Meadowlands" title="New Jersey Meadowlands">Meadowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pine_Barrens" title="New Jersey Pine Barrens">New Jersey Pine Barrens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap" title="Delaware Water Gap">Delaware Water Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bay_(New_Jersey)" title="Great Bay (New Jersey)">Great Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Swamp_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge">Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Highlands" title="New York–New Jersey Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Palisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson Palisades">Hudson Palisades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> <ul><li>On the shore, New Jersey hosts the <a href="/wiki/List_of_boardwalks_in_the_United_States#New_Jersey" title="List of boardwalks in the United States">highest concentration of oceanside boardwalks in the world</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramapo_Mountain_State_Forest" title="Ramapo Mountain State Forest">Ramapo Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mountain_Reservation" title="South Mountain Reservation">South Mountain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> The state consists of two climate zones; most of the state has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa), while the northwest has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (Dfa).<a href="#cite_note-Koppen-71">[70]</a> New Jersey receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of <a href="/wiki/Sunshine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunshine">sunshine</a> annually.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Summers are typically hot and humid, with statewide average high temperatures of 82–87 °F (28–31 °C) and lows of 60–69 °F (16–21 °C); however, temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average 25 days each summer, exceeding 100 °F (38 °C) in some years. Winters are usually cold, with average high temperatures of 34–43 °F (1–6 °C) and lows of 16 to 28 °F (−9 to −2 °C) for most of the state, but temperatures can, for brief periods, fall below 10 °F (−12 °C) and sometimes rise above 50 °F (10 °C). Northwestern parts of the state have significantly colder winters with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) being an almost annual occurrence. Spring and autumn may feature wide temperature variations, with lower humidity than summer. The <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">USDA Plant Hardiness Zone</a> classification ranges from 6 in the northwest of the state, to 7B near Cape May.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> All-time temperature extremes recorded in New Jersey include 110 °F (43 °C) on July 10, 1936, in <a href="/wiki/Runyon,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Runyon, New Jersey">Runyon</a>, Middlesex County and −34 °F (−37 °C) on January 5, 1904, in <a href="/wiki/River_Vale,_New_Jersey" title="River Vale, New Jersey">River Vale</a>, Bergen County.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Average annual precipitation ranges from 43 to 51 inches (1,100 to 1,300 mm), spread uniformly throughout the year. Average snowfall per winter season ranges from 10–15 inches (25–38 cm) in the south and near the seacoast, 15–30 inches (38–76 cm) in the northeast and central part of the state, to about 40–50 inches (1.0–1.3 m) in the northwestern highlands, but this often varies considerably from year to year. Precipitation falls on an average of 120 days a year, with 25 to 30 thunderstorms, most of which occur during the summer. During winter and early spring, New Jersey can experience <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">nor'easters</a>, which are capable of causing <a href="/wiki/Blizzards" class="mw-redirect" title="Blizzards">blizzards</a> or flooding throughout the northeastern United States. <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">Hurricanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>, and earthquakes are rare; the state was impacted by a hurricane in <a href="/wiki/1903_New_Jersey_hurricane" title="1903 New Jersey hurricane">1903</a>, Tropical Storm <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Floyd</a> in <a href="/wiki/1999_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1999 Atlantic hurricane season">1999</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012</a>, which made landfall in the state with top winds of 90 mph (145 km/h). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Jersey" title="Climate change in New Jersey">Climate change is affecting New Jersey</a> faster than much of the rest of the United States. <a href="/wiki/Climatologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatologist">Climatologists</a> at the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> have concluded that New Jersey has been the fastest-warming state by average air temperature over a 100-year period beginning in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyFastestWarmingState-29">[28]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="13">Average high and low temperatures in various cities of New Jersey °C (°F)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA_PHL-60">[1]</a> <a href="#cite_note-NOAA_NYC-61">[2]</a> <a href="#cite_note-62">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>City </td> <td>Jan </td> <td>Feb </td> <td>Mar </td> <td>Apr </td> <td>May </td> <td>Jun </td> <td>Jul </td> <td>Aug </td> <td>Sep </td> <td>Oct </td> <td>Nov </td> <td>Dec </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sussex,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex, New Jersey">Sussex</a> </td> <td>1/−9 (34/16) </td> <td>3/−8 (38/18) </td> <td>8/−4 (47/26) </td> <td>15/2 (59/36) </td> <td>21/7 (70/45) </td> <td>25/12 (78/55) </td> <td>28/16 (82/60) </td> <td>27/14 (81/58) </td> <td>23/10 (73/50) </td> <td>17/4 (62/38) </td> <td>11/−1 (51/31) </td> <td>4/−6 (39/22) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> </td> <td>4/−4 (39/24) </td> <td>6/−3 (42/27) </td> <td>10/1 (51/34) </td> <td>17/7 (62/44) </td> <td>22/12 (72/53) </td> <td>28/17 (82/63) </td> <td>30/20 (86/69) </td> <td>29/20 (84/68) </td> <td>25/15 (77/60) </td> <td>18/9 (65/48) </td> <td>13/4 (55/39) </td> <td>6/−1 (44/30) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> </td> <td>5/−2 (42/29) </td> <td>6/−1 (44/31) </td> <td>10/3 (50/37) </td> <td>14/8 (58/46) </td> <td>19/13 (67/55) </td> <td>24/18 (76/64) </td> <td>27/21 (81/70) </td> <td>27/21 (80/70) </td> <td>24/18 (75/64) </td> <td>18/11 (65/53) </td> <td>13/6 (56/43) </td> <td>8/1 (46/34) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_May,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May, New Jersey">Cape May</a> </td> <td>6/−2 (42/28) </td> <td>7/−2 (44/29) </td> <td>11/2 (51/35) </td> <td>16/7 (61/44) </td> <td>21/12 (70/53) </td> <td>26/17 (79/63) </td> <td>29/20 (85/68) </td> <td>29/19 (83/67) </td> <td>25/16 (78/61) </td> <td>19/9 (67/50) </td> <td>14/4 (57/41) </td> <td>8/0 (47/32) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Jersey" title="List of counties in New Jersey">List of counties in New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Jersey" title="List of municipalities in New Jersey">List of municipalities in New Jersey</a></div>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> divides New Jersey's 21 counties into seven <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey">metropolitan statistical areas</a>, with 20 counties included in either the New York City or Philadelphia <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren County</a> is part of the Pennsylvania-based <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley" title="Lehigh Valley">Lehigh Valley</a> metro area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Counties">Counties</h4></div> The 21 counties in New Jersey, listed in order by population (as of the 2020 census) are:<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>: 955,732</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex County</a>: 863,728</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>: 863,162</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a>: 724,854</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth County</a>: 643,615</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a>: 637,229</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union County</a>: 575,345</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic County</a>: 524,118</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden County</a>: 523,485</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris County</a>: 509,285</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a>: 461,860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a>: 387,340</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset County</a>: 345,361</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Gloucester County, New Jersey">Gloucester County</a>: 302,294</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County</a>: 274,534</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cumberland County, New Jersey">Cumberland County</a>: 154,152</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a>: 144,221</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon County</a>: 128,947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren County</a>: 109,632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a>: 95,263</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_County,_New_Jersey" title="Salem County, New Jersey">Salem County</a>: 64,837</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h4></div> For its overall population and nation-leading population density, New Jersey has a relative paucity of classic large cities. This <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a> is most pronounced in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, the state's most populous county, whose 955,732 residents at the 2020 census inhabited 70 municipalities, of which the most populous is <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack</a>, with 46,030 residents. Many urban areas extend far beyond the limits of a single large city, as New Jersey municipalities tend to be geographically small; three of the four largest cities in New Jersey by population have under 20 square miles (52 km2) of land area, and eight of the top ten, including all the top five, have a land area under 30 square miles (78 km2). As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Jersey&action=edit">[update]</a>, only four municipalities had over 100,000 residents (although Edison and Woodbridge Township came very close); this number increased to seven by the 2020 census. <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption>Largest municipalities in New Jersey by area </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Area (sq.mi.)</th> <th>Area (km2)</th> <th>County </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galloway_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Galloway Township, New Jersey">Galloway Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">115.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">298 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey">Hamilton Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">113.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">293 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_Township,_Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Washington Township, Burlington County, New Jersey">Washington Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">102.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">267 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Jackson Township, New Jersey">Jackson Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">259 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lacey_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lacey Township, New Jersey">Lacey Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">98.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">255 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodland Township, New Jersey">Woodland Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">96.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">250 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurice_River_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Maurice River Township, New Jersey">Maurice River Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">248 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cumberland County, New Jersey">Cumberland County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Middle Township, New Jersey">Middle Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">83.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">215 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Manchester Township, New Jersey">Manchester Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">215 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Milford,_New_Jersey" title="West Milford, New Jersey">West Milford</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">208 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_River_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bass River Township, New Jersey">Bass River Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">203 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egg_Harbor_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey">Egg Harbor Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">194 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_Egg_Harbor_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Little Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey">Little Egg Harbor Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">190 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_Alloways_Creek_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lower Alloways Creek Township, New Jersey">Lower Alloways Creek Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">188 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salem_County,_New_Jersey" title="Salem County, New Jersey">Salem County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Vernon Township, New Jersey">Vernon Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">70.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">183 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Upper Township, New Jersey">Upper Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">177 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wantage_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Wantage Township, New Jersey">Wantage Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">67.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">175 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Dennis Township, New Jersey">Dennis Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">167 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Pemberton Township, New Jersey">Pemberton Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">62.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">162 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howell_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Howell Township, New Jersey">Howell Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">158 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Middletown_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Middletown Township, New Jersey">Middletown Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">154 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hopewell Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hopewell Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">152 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winslow_Township,_Camden_County,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Winslow Township, Camden County, New Jersey">Winslow Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">150 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mullica_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Mullica Township, New Jersey">Mullica Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">56.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">147 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Berkeley Township, New Jersey">Berkeley Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">145 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Hillsborough Township, New Jersey">Hillsborough Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">142 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset County</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Stafford Township, New Jersey">Stafford Township</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">142 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in New Jersey <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New Jersey">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Jersey" title="List of counties in New Jersey">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Newark"><img alt="Newark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg/120px-SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg/180px-SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg/240px-SkylineNewarkMilitaryParkBroadStreet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1145" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_City,_New_Jersey_(46780350094).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jersey City"><img alt="Jersey City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg/120px-Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg/180px-Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg/240px-Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey_%2846780350094%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">311,549 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Paterson,_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Paterson"><img alt="Paterson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG/120px-City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG/180px-City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG/240px-City_of_Paterson%2C_NJ_from_Garret_Mountain.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a> <a href="/wiki/File:File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Elizabeth"><img alt="Elizabeth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG/120px-File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG/180px-File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG/240px-File-UnionCoCourtHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">292,449 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">159,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">137,298 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood Township</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">135,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">107,588 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbridge Township, New Jersey">Woodbridge Township</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,639 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Toms_River,_New_Jersey" title="Toms River, New Jersey">Toms River</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,438 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hamilton Township</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">92,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_New_Jersey" title="Clifton, New Jersey">Clifton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">90,296 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nj_pop_dens.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nj_pop_dens.png/220px-Nj_pop_dens.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nj_pop_dens.png/330px-Nj_pop_dens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nj_pop_dens.png/440px-Nj_pop_dens.png 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1671" /></a><figcaption>New Jersey population density as of 2020</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td>184,139</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>211,149</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>245,562</td><td></td><td>16.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>277,575</td><td></td><td>13.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>320,823</td><td></td><td>15.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>373,306</td><td></td><td>16.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>489,555</td><td></td><td>31.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>672,035</td><td></td><td>37.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>906,096</td><td></td><td>34.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,131,116</td><td></td><td>24.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>1,444,933</td><td></td><td>27.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>1,883,669</td><td></td><td>30.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>2,537,167</td><td></td><td>34.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>3,155,900</td><td></td><td>24.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>4,041,334</td><td></td><td>28.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>4,160,165</td><td></td><td>2.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>4,835,329</td><td></td><td>16.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>6,066,782</td><td></td><td>25.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>7,168,164</td><td></td><td>18.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>7,364,823</td><td></td><td>2.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>7,730,188</td><td></td><td>5.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>8,414,350</td><td></td><td>8.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>8,791,894</td><td></td><td>4.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>9,288,994</td><td></td><td>5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">9,290,841</td><td><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a></td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Sources:<a href="#cite_note-QuickFactsNJ-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> Residents of New Jersey are most commonly referred to as New Jerseyans or, less commonly, as New Jerseyites. According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a>, the state had a population of 9,288,994, a 5.7% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a>, which counted 8,791,894 residents.<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-7">[6]</a> The state ranked eleventh in the country by total population and first in population density, with 1,185 residents per square mile (458 per km2). Historically, New Jersey has experienced one of the fastest growth rates in the country, with its population increasing by double digits almost every decade until 1980; growth has since slowed but remained relatively robust until recently. In 2022, the Census Bureau estimated there were 6,262 fewer residents than in 2020, a decline of 0.3% from 2020, related to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> New Jersey is the only state where every county is deemed <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Most residents live in the counties surrounding <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the nation's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, the nation's sixth-largest city, or along the eastern <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>; the extreme southern and northwestern counties are relatively less dense overall. Since the 2000 census, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> calculated that New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> was located in <a href="/wiki/East_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="East Brunswick, New Jersey">East Brunswick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The state is located in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>, which has more than 50 million residents. As of 2019, New Jersey was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">third highest U.S. state</a> measured by <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>;<a href="#cite_note-NJMedianIncome-85">[84]</a> the state's median household income was over $85,000 compared to the national average of roughly $65,000.<a href="#cite_note-QF_table-86">[85]</a> Conversely, New Jersey's poverty rate of 9.4% was slightly lower than the national average of 11.4%,<a href="#cite_note-QF_table-86">[85]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate">sixth lowest of the fifty states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico</a>. This is attributed to several factors, including the state's proximity to the major economic centers of New York City and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, its hosting the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionaires</a> both per capita and per square mile in the U.S., and the fact that it has the most <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a> per square mile in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyHighestScientistsEngineersWorld-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 8,752 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> The top countries of origin for New Jersey's immigrants in 2018 were <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in New Jersey">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in New Jersey">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Jersey.png 2x" data-file-width="4886" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in New Jersey</figcaption></figure>New Jersey is one of the most ethnically diverse states in the United States: as of 2022, over one-fifth (21.5%) of its residents are Hispanic or Latino, 15.3% are Black, and one-tenth are Asian. One in four New Jerseyans were born abroad and more than one million (12.1%) are not fully fluent in English. Compared to the U.S. as a whole, the state is more racially and ethnically diverse and has a higher proportion of immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">51.9% </td> <td align="left">51.9<div style="width:103.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">54.5% </td> <td align="left">54.5<div style="width:109px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">21.6% </td> <td align="left">21.6<div style="width:43.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">12.4% </td> <td align="left">12.4<div style="width:24.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">13.6% </td> <td align="left">13.6<div style="width:27.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">10.2% </td> <td align="left">10.2<div style="width:20.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">11.0% </td> <td align="left">11<div style="width:22px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td> <td align="left">0.7<div style="width:1.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td align="right">0.02% </td> <td align="left">0.02<div style="width:0.04px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td align="right">0.8% </td> <td align="left">0.8<div style="width:1.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="left">1.8<div style="width:3.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg/170px-New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg/255px-New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg/340px-New_jersey_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Map of counties in New Jersey by racial plurality, per the 2020 census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> Non-Hispanic White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  30–40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  80–90%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> Black or African American <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> Hispanic or Latino <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Historical racial demographics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census-96">[94]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census-96">[94]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020DP1-99">[97]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a></td> <td>88.6%</td> <td>79.3%</td> <td>72.5%</td> <td>68.6%</td> <td>55.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a></td> <td>10.7%</td> <td>13.4%</td> <td>13.6%</td> <td>13.7%</td> <td>13.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a></td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>10.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>3.6%</td> <td>5.4%</td> <td>6.4%</td> <td>11.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a></td> <td> –</td> <td> –</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>2.7%</td> <td>9.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/220px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/330px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/440px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="1684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">India Square</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marion_Section" title="Marion Section">Marion Section</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> is home to the highest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Asian Indians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kiniry,_Laura_2006._pg._3422-100">[98]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png/220px-BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png/330px-BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png/440px-BroadAveColumbiaKoreatownPalisadesPk.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey#Korean_American" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Koreatown, Bergen County</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg/170px-New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg/255px-New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg/340px-New_Jersey_Counties_by_metro_area_labeled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey">Metropolitan statistical areas and divisions of New Jersey</a>; those shaded in blue are part of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Metropolitan Area">New York City Metropolitan Area</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren</a> counties. Counties shaded in green, including <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cumberland County, New Jersey">Cumberland</a> counties, belong to the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia Metropolitan Area</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Warren Mercer, Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland have colors that need explaining in the caption. "Warren County constitutes part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan statistical area," according to it's lead section. Why is this not accounted for? (July 2024)">clarification needed</a>]</figcaption></figure> New Jersey is home to roughly half a million <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">unauthorized immigrants</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> comprising an estimated 6.2% of the population, which in 2018 was the fifth-highest percentage of any U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> The municipalities of Camden, Jersey City, and Newark are considered <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary cities</a> for illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> For further information on various ethnoracial groups and neighborhoods prominently featured within New Jersey, see the following articles: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Jersey" title="History of the Jews in New Jersey">History of the Jews in New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_New_Jersey" title="Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey">Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan region">Indians in the New York City metropolitan region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese in the New York City metropolitan region">Chinese in the New York City metropolitan region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_significant_Korean_American_populations#Top_ten_municipalities_as_ranked_by_Korean-American_percentage_of_overall_population_in_2010" title="List of U.S. cities with significant Korean American populations">List of U.S. cities with significant Korean American populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region">Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in New Jersey">Filipinos in New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Russians in the New York City metropolitan region">Russians in the New York City metropolitan region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County#Community_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen County">Bergen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City#Community_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">India Square</a> in Jersey City, home to the highest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Indian">Asian Indians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbound" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironbound">Ironbound</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian people">Brazilian</a> enclave in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Corners,_Jersey_City" title="Five Corners, Jersey City">Five Corners</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region">Filipino</a> enclave in Jersey City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_on_the_Hudson" title="Havana on the Hudson">Havana on the Hudson</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cuban_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban people">Cuban</a> enclave in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Fort_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreatown, Fort Lee">Koreatown, Fort Lee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Korean</a> enclave in southeast Bergen County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Palisades_Park" title="Koreatown, Palisades Park">Koreatown, Palisades Park</a>, also a Korean enclave in southeast Bergen County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_American#Demographics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi American">Little Bangladesh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi American">Bangladeshi</a> enclave in <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_India_(Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey)" title="Little India (Middlesex County, New Jersey)">Little India (Edison/Iselin)</a>, the largest and most diverse <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> hub in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Istanbul">Little Istanbul</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Little Ramallah</a>, a Middle Eastern enclave in Paterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lima" title="Little Lima">Little Lima</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian American">Peruvian</a> enclave in Paterson</li></ul> New Jersey is one of the most ethnically and religiously <a href="/wiki/Polyethnicity" title="Polyethnicity">diverse</a> states in the United States. Nearly one-fourth of New Jerseyans (22.7%) were <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">foreign born</a>, compared to the national average of 13.5%.<a href="#cite_note-QF_table-86">[85]</a> As of 2011, 56.4% of New Jersey's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning that they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> The 2019 Vintage Year Census estimated that the state's ethnic makeup was as follows: 71.9% White alone, 15.1% Black or African American alone, 10.0% Asian alone, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, and 2.3% Two or more races. Hispanic or Latino accounted for 20.9%, while White alone (non-Hispanic or Latino) accounted for 54.6% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> Many of the municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County, New Jersey</a>, the state's largest county, have a sizeable minority population of Hispanics and Asians.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> New Jersey hosts some of the nation's largest communities of religious and ethnic minorities in proportional or absolute terms. It has the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Jewish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish American">Jewish</a> population by percentage (after New York);<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> the largest <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslim</a> population by percentage;<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> the largest population of <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian American">Peruvians</a> in the U.S.; the largest population of <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cubans</a> outside Florida; the third-highest <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> population by percentage; and the second highest <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Americans in New York City">Italian</a> population,<a href="#cite_note-Italians-110">[108]</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_2000_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States 2000 Census">2000 Census</a>. African Americans, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American">Puerto Ricans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican American">Dominicans</a>), <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">West Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab American">Arabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian people">Brazilian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a> are also high in number. Overall, New Jersey has the third-largest <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean</a> population, with Bergen County home to the highest Korean concentration per capita of any U.S. county<a href="#cite_note-Richard_Newman-111">[109]</a> (6.9% in 2011). New Jersey also has the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipino</a> population, and fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese</a> population, per the 2010 U.S. Census. New Jersey has the-third highest <a href="/wiki/Indian_American#List_of_U.S._States_by_population_of_Asian_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian</a> population of any state by absolute numbers and the highest by percentage,<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-censusbrief-115">[113]</a> with <a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">India Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiniry,_Laura_2006._pg._3422-100">[98]</a> hosting the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Laryssa_Wirstiuk22-116">[114]</a> A study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> found that in 2013, New Jersey was the only U.S. state in which immigrants born in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> constituted the largest <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">foreign-born</a> nationality, representing roughly 10% of all foreign-born residents in the state.<a href="#cite_note-IndiaNewJersey-117">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Central New Jersey">Central New Jersey</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Edison_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Edison Township, New Jersey">Edison</a> and surrounding <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, has the highest concentration of Indians, at nearly 20% in 2020; <a href="/wiki/Little_India_(Edison/Iselin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India (Edison/Iselin)">Little India</a> is the largest and most diverse <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> cultural hub in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> The area includes a sprawling <a href="/wiki/Chinese_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese in New York City">Chinatown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Americans in New York City">Koreatown</a> running along <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_27" title="New Jersey Route 27">New Jersey Route 27</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a> in Middlesex County has experienced a particularly rapid growth rate in its <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan region">Indian American</a> population with an estimated 5,943 (13.6%) as of 2017,<a href="#cite_note-IndiansMonroe-123">[121]</a> which was 23 times the 256 (0.9%) counted at the 2000 Census; <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> is celebrated by the township as a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holiday. In Middlesex County, election <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballots</a> are printed in English, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robbinsville,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robbinsville, New Jersey">Robbinsville</a>, in neighboring Mercer County, hosts <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (North America)">the world's largest</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a> outside Asia.<a href="#cite_note-World'sLargestHinduTempleNJ-125">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carteret,_New_Jersey" title="Carteret, New Jersey">Carteret</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> community, variously estimated at upwards of 3,000, is the largest concentration of Sikhs in the state.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> is home to America's largest <a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayali</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> from <a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Manhattan" title="Koreatown, Manhattan">New York City (뉴욕)</a>, is a growing hub and home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_significant_Korean-American_populations#Top_ten_municipalities_as_ranked_by_Korean-American_percentage_of_overall_population_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities with significant Korean-American populations">all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BergenCountyKoreanPercentage-128">[126]</a> led (above) by <a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Palisades_Park" title="Koreatown, Palisades Park">Palisades Park (벼랑 공원)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-129">[127]</a> the municipality with the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_significant_Korean-American_populations#Municipalities_with_density_of_at_least_500_Korean_Americans_per_square_mile_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities with significant Korean-American populations">density</a> of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>. Displaying ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul (한글)</a> signage and known as the Korean village,<a href="#cite_note-Palisades_Park_Municipal_Court-130">[128]</a> Palisades Park uniquely comprises a Korean majority (52% in 2010) of its population,<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> with both the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_significant_Korean-American_populations#Municipalities_with_density_of_at_least_500_Korean_Americans_per_square_mile_in_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities with significant Korean-American populations">highest Korean-American density and percentage</a> of any municipality in the United States. There are also three <a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">state-recognized tribes</a>, and in 2020, 51,186 identified as being Native American alone, while 96,691 did in combination with one or more other races.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_data">Birth data</h3></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left;"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </th> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> </th> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> </th> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> </th> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> </th> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> </th> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> </td> <td>71,033 (68.8%) </td> <td>72,400 (70.2%) </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic White</a> </td> <td>48,196 (46.6%) </td> <td>47,425 (46.0%) </td> <td>46,076 (44.9%) </td> <td>45,825 (45.3%) </td> <td>45,500 (44.9%) </td> <td>45,368 (45.6%) </td> <td>44,709 (45.6%) </td> <td>47,318 (46.6%) </td> <td>47,356 (46.0%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td>20,102 (19.4%) </td> <td>18,363 (17.8%) </td> <td>13,870 (13.5%) </td> <td>13,684 (13.5%) </td> <td>13,886 (13.7%) </td> <td>13,394 (13.4%) </td> <td>12,951 (13.2%) </td> <td>12,822 (12.6%) </td> <td>12,911 (12.5%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td>11,977 (11.6%) </td> <td>12,192 (11.8%) </td> <td>12,053 (11.7%) </td> <td>11,691 (11.5%) </td> <td>11,452 (11.3%) </td> <td>11,112 (11.2%) </td> <td>10,451 (10.7%) </td> <td>10,281 (10.1%) </td> <td>10,561 (10.3%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </td> <td>193 (0.2%) </td> <td>172 (0.2%) </td> <td>62 (0.0%) </td> <td>72 (0.1%) </td> <td>67 (0.1%) </td> <td>94 (0.1%) </td> <td>41 (>0.1%) </td> <td>45 (>0.1%) </td> <td>85 (0.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> (of any race) </td> <td>27,267 (26.4%) </td> <td>27,919 (27.1%) </td> <td>28,083 (27.3%) </td> <td>27,354 (27.0%) </td> <td>27,597 (27.3%) </td> <td>27,443 (27.6%) </td> <td>27,205 (27.8%) </td> <td>28,143 (27.7%) </td> <td>29,931 (29.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total New Jersey </td> <td>103,305 (100%) </td> <td>103,127 (100%) </td> <td>102,647 (100%) </td> <td>101,250 (100%) </td> <td>101,223 (100%) </td> <td>99,585 (100%) </td> <td>97,954 (100%) </td> <td>101,497 (100%) </td> <td>102,893 (100%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <table id="gujjuinjersey" class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:center"> <caption>Most common non-English languages spoken in New Jersey </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Percentage of population (as of 2010)<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-143">[141]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td>14.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantonese language">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>)</td> <td>1.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td>1.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td>1.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></td> <td>0.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td>0.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></td> <td>0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></td> <td>0.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></td> <td>0.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td>0.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>0.56% </td></tr></tbody></table> As of 2010, 71.31% (5,830,812) of New Jersey residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a <a href="/wiki/Primary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary language">primary language</a>, while 14.59% (1,193,261) spoke Spanish, 1.23% (100,217) Chinese (which includes <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>), 1.06% (86,849) Italian, 1.06% (86,486) <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, 0.96% (78,627) <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> was spoken as a <a href="/wiki/Main_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Main language">main language</a> by 0.89% (73,057) of the population over the age of five. In total, 28.69% (2,345,644) of New Jersey's population age 5 and older spoke a <a href="/wiki/Mother_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother language">mother language</a> other than English.<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-143">[141]</a> A diverse collection of languages has since evolved amongst the state's population, given that New Jersey has become <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">cosmopolitan</a> and is home to <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclaves</a> of non-English-speaking communities:<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garfield,_New_Jersey" title="Garfield, New Jersey">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a>, Paterson, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> – Paterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> – Jersey City, all of Middlesex County, Cherry Hill, <a href="/wiki/Parsippany,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsippany, New Jersey">Parsippany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_City,_New_Jersey" title="Gloucester City, New Jersey">Gloucester City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union</a> counties</li> <li>Japanese – <a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_New_Jersey" title="Edgewater, New Jersey">Edgewater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_Jersey)" title="Borough (New Jersey)">boroughs</a> in Bergen County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey#Korean_American" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County (numerous municipalities)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill,_New_Jersey#Demographics" title="Cherry Hill, New Jersey">Cherry Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> – Bergen County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> – Bergen County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> – Bergen County (<a href="/wiki/Garfield,_New_Jersey" title="Garfield, New Jersey">Garfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallington,_New_Jersey" title="Wallington, New Jersey">Wallington</a>); Mercer County (<a href="/wiki/Top_Road,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Top Road, Trenton, New Jersey">Top Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Lawrence Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_New_Jersey" title="Hopewell, New Jersey">Hopewell</a>); <a href="/wiki/Linden,_New_Jersey" title="Linden, New Jersey">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ironbound" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironbound">Ironbound</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li>Russian – <a href="/wiki/Fair_Lawn,_New_Jersey" title="Fair Lawn, New Jersey">Fair Lawn</a> borough of Bergen County, Princeton area and Mercer County</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a> (Edison-South), and all of Middlesex County; Fair Lawn, Parsippany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> – <a href="/wiki/Little_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Istanbul">Little Istanbul</a> section of Paterson, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ephraim,_New_Jersey" title="Mount Ephraim, New Jersey">Mount Ephraim</a> (which has a large, vibrant and growing Turkish Community), Delran, Cherry Hill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> – Mount Ephraim has a significant number of residents of Pakistani origin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> – <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-VietnameseNewYearAtlanticCity-148">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_Saigon,_Philadelphia" title="Little Saigon, Philadelphia">Camden/Cherry Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edison_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Edison Township, New Jersey">Edison Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodlynne,_New_Jersey" title="Woodlynne, New Jersey">Woodlynne</a><a href="#cite_note-HighestVietnamesePercentageNewJersey-149">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Jackson Township, New Jersey">Jackson</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="High-rise residential complexes in the borough of Fort Lee"><img alt="High-rise residential complexes in the borough of Fort Lee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG/320px-Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG/480px-Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG/640px-Constitution_Park_Fort_Lee_New_Jersey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1472" data-file-height="1105" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">High-rise residential complexes in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paterson, sometimes known as Silk City,[148] has become a prime destination for an internationally diverse pool of immigrants,[149][150] with at least 52 distinct ethnic groups.[151]"><img alt="Paterson, sometimes known as Silk City,[148] has become a prime destination for an internationally diverse pool of immigrants,[149][150] with at least 52 distinct ethnic groups.[151]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg/354px-Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg/531px-Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg/708px-Downtown-paterson-nj2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="555" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, sometimes known as Silk City,<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> has become a prime destination for an internationally diverse pool of immigrants,<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> with at least 52 distinct ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyscrapers in Jersey City, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world[152][153]"><img alt="Skyscrapers in Jersey City, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world[152][153]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg/407px-Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg/611px-Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg/814px-Jersey_City_Skyline_2023_150_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1208" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skyscrapers in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, one of the most <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic diversity">ethnically diverse</a> cities in the world<a href="#cite_note-DiverseJC1-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiverseJC2-155">[153]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CamdenNJ_FedCourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Federal Courthouse in Camden, which is connected to Philadelphia via the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in the background"><img alt="Federal Courthouse in Camden, which is connected to Philadelphia via the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/CamdenNJ_FedCourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="227" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Federal Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>, which is connected to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Bridge" title="Benjamin Franklin Bridge">Benjamin Franklin Bridge</a> in the background</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity">Sexual orientation and gender identity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in New York City">LGBT culture in New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Philadelphia">LGBT culture in Philadelphia</a></div> New Jersey is an <a href="/wiki/Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">LGBTQ+ friendly</a> state and is now home to more <a href="/wiki/List_of_gay_villages#United_States" title="List of gay villages">gay villages</a> per square mile than any other U.S. state. <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in New Jersey">Same-sex marriage in New Jersey</a> has been legally recognized since October 21, 2013, the effective date of a trial court ruling invalidating New Jersey's restriction of <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> to persons of different sexes at the time. In September 2013, Mary C. Jacobson, Assignment Judge of the <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer Vicinage</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Superior_Court" title="New Jersey Superior Court">Superior Court</a>, ruled that as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>'s June 2013 decision in <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Windsor" title="United States v. Windsor">United States v. Windsor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Jersey" title="Constitution of New Jersey">Constitution of New Jersey</a> requires the state to recognize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Gayborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayborhood">gayborhoods</a> have emerged in New Jersey, most prominently in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NJGayVillages-157">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_New_Jersey" title="Maplewood, New Jersey">Maplewood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lambertville,_New_Jersey" title="Lambertville, New Jersey">Lambertville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state capitals">state capital</a> of New Jersey, elected <a href="/wiki/Reed_Gusciora" title="Reed Gusciora">Reed Gusciora</a>, its first openly gay mayor, in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> and Jennifer Williams, New Jersey's first openly <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> city councilmember, in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> In June 2018, Maplewood, <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex County</a> unveiled permanent <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_crossing" title="Rainbow crossing">rainbow-colored crosswalks</a> to celebrate LGBTQ pride.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rahway,_New_Jersey" title="Rahway, New Jersey">Rahway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union County</a>, also unveiled its own rainbow-colored crosswalks in June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> In January 2019, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">New Jersey Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> signed legislation mandating LGBTQ+ inclusive <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">educational curriculum</a> in schools.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> In February 2019, New Jersey began allowing a <a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">neutral or non-binary gender</a> choice on <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificate" title="Birth certificate">birth certificates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in New Jersey (2014)<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-166">[164]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:34%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">34%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:31%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">31%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unaffiliated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Grey; width:18%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:cyan; width:3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Buddhist or other faith</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Don't know</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:Religion in New Jersey">Category:Religion in New Jersey</a></div> By number of adherents, the largest religious traditions in New Jersey, according to the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>, were the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> with 3,235,290; <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> with 160,666; and the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> with 138,052.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-167">[165]</a> The world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Hindu_temples" title="List of largest Hindu temples">largest Hindu temple outside Asia</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Robbinsville,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robbinsville, New Jersey">Robbinsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-World'sLargestHinduTempleNJ-125">[123]</a> In September 2021, the State of New Jersey aligned with the World Hindu Council to declare October <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> Heritage Month. In January 2018, <a href="/wiki/Gurbir_Grewal" title="Gurbir Grewal">Gurbir Grewal</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Sikh_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh American">Sikh American</a> to serve as state <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-GurbirGrewalNJ61stAttorneyGeneral-168">[166]</a> In January 2019, <a href="/wiki/Sadaf_Jaffer" title="Sadaf Jaffer">Sadaf Jaffer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgomery, New Jersey">Montgomery</a> became the first female <a href="/wiki/Muslim_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim American">Muslim American</a> mayor, first female <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> mayor, and first female <a href="/wiki/Pakistani-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani-American">Pakistani-American</a> mayor in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Large numbers of Orthodox Jews are now migrating to New Jersey from New York, due to the latter's higher cost of living.<a href="#cite_note-NYLargestOrthodoxJewishCommunities-170">[168]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral,_Newark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark, the fifth-largest cathedral in North America, is the seat of the city's Roman Catholic Archdiocese."><img alt="Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Newark, the fifth-largest cathedral in North America, is the seat of the city's Roman Catholic Archdiocese." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg/160px-Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg/240px-Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg/320px-Facade_of_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral%2C_Newark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Newark)" title="Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Newark)">Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, the fifth-largest cathedral in North America, is the seat of the city's <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Newark" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark">Roman Catholic Archdiocese</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beth Medrash Govoha (Hebrew: בית מדרש גבוה), in Lakewood, Ocean County, the world's largest Jewish yeshiva outside Israel. New Jersey is home to the second-highest Jewish American population per capita, after New York, and the fastest-growing Orthodox Jewish population.[169][170]"><img alt="Beth Medrash Govoha (Hebrew: בית מדרש גבוה), in Lakewood, Ocean County, the world's largest Jewish yeshiva outside Israel. New Jersey is home to the second-highest Jewish American population per capita, after New York, and the fastest-growing Orthodox Jewish population.[169][170]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg/320px-The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg/480px-The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg/640px-The_old_Beis_Madrash_Building_of_BMG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Beth_Medrash_Govoha" title="Beth Medrash Govoha">Beth Medrash Govoha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: בית מדרש גבוה), in <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> outside Israel. New Jersey is home to the second-highest <a href="/wiki/American_Jews#Demographics" title="American Jews">Jewish American</a> population per capita, after <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and the fastest-growing <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> population.<a href="#cite_note-LargestYeshivaOutsideIsrael-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-LargestYeshivaNorthAmerica-172">[170]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham in Robbinsville, Mercer County, the world's largest Hindu temple outside Asia.[123] New Jersey is home to the highest concentration of Hindus (3%) in the U.S."><img alt="Swaminarayan Akshardham in Robbinsville, Mercer County, the world's largest Hindu temple outside Asia.[123] New Jersey is home to the highest concentration of Hindus (3%) in the U.S." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/361px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/541px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/721px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8151" data-file-height="5429" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Jersey)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Jersey)">Swaminarayan Akshardham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Robbinsville,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robbinsville, New Jersey">Robbinsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Hindu_temples" title="List of largest Hindu temples">largest Hindu temple outside Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-World'sLargestHinduTempleNJ-125">[123]</a> New Jersey is home to the highest concentration of Hindus (3%) in the U.S.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 266.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 264.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ICPCNJ.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Islamic Center of Passaic County, Paterson, Passaic County, was founded in 1990. New Jersey is home to one of the highest Muslim population concentrations in the Western hemisphere (3.5%), and Paterson, which houses the Islamic Center of Passaic County, is the epicenter of New Jersey's Muslim community, leading South Paterson to be nicknamed Little Istanbul and Little Ramallah.[171]"><img alt="Islamic Center of Passaic County, Paterson, Passaic County, was founded in 1990. New Jersey is home to one of the highest Muslim population concentrations in the Western hemisphere (3.5%), and Paterson, which houses the Islamic Center of Passaic County, is the epicenter of New Jersey's Muslim community, leading South Paterson to be nicknamed Little Istanbul and Little Ramallah.[171]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ICPCNJ.png/397px-ICPCNJ.png" decoding="async" width="265" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ICPCNJ.png/595px-ICPCNJ.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/ICPCNJ.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="412" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_Passaic_County" title="Islamic Center of Passaic County">Islamic Center of Passaic County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic County</a>, was founded in 1990. New Jersey is home to one of the highest Muslim population concentrations in the <a href="/wiki/Western_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Western hemisphere">Western hemisphere</a> (3.5%), and Paterson, which houses the Islamic Center of Passaic County, is the epicenter of New Jersey's Muslim community, leading <a href="/wiki/South_Paterson" title="South Paterson">South Paterson</a> to be nicknamed Little <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and Little <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="So Shim Sa Zen Center in Middlesex County, serving New Jersey's Buddhist community"><img alt="So Shim Sa Zen Center in Middlesex County, serving New Jersey's Buddhist community" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg/359px-SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg/538px-SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg/717px-SoShimSaBuddhaHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/So_Shim_Sa_Zen_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="So Shim Sa Zen Center">So Shim Sa Zen Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, serving New Jersey's Buddhist community</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Education" title="New Jersey Department of Education">New Jersey Department of Education</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-secondary_education_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-secondary education in New Jersey">Post-secondary education in New Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Queens,_New_Brunswick,_NJ_-_looking_north,_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg/220px-Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg/330px-Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg/440px-Old_Queens%2C_New_Brunswick%2C_NJ_-_looking_north%2C_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Queens" title="Old Queens">Old Queens</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, the largest state university system in New Jersey</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nassau_Hall,_Princeton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg/220px-Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg/330px-Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg/440px-Nassau_Hall%2C_Princeton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Hall" title="Nassau Hall">Nassau Hall</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> university and one of the world's most prominent research institutions, served briefly as the U.S. Capitol in the 18th century.</figcaption></figure> As of the 2020–2021 school year, there were 686 operating <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_Jersey" title="List of school districts in New Jersey">districts in the state</a>. Of these, 599 were <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">traditional public school</a> districts and 87 were <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Charter schools in the United States">charter school</a> districts.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Education" title="New Jersey Department of Education">NJDOE</a> reported a total district enrollment of 1,362,400 students, the lowest total enrollment since the early 2000s, though these figures do not consider <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooled</a> students or those attending <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">out-of-state schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> New Jersey public schools emphasize <a href="/wiki/STEM" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM">STEM</a> subjects, and New Jersey is home to more scientists and engineers per square mile than anywhere else in the world.<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyHighestScientistsEngineersWorld-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyHighestDensityScientistsEngineers-177">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_standards">Educational standards</h3></div> New Jersey is known for the high quality of its education. In 2024, New Jersey spent more per each public school student than any other U.S. state except <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, amounting to $26,600 spent per pupil;<a href="#cite_note-NJHighEducationExpenditurePerPupil-178">[176]</a> Over 50% of the expenditure is allocated to student instruction.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> New Jersey is home to private universities including <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a>, one of the world's most prominent <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research universities</a>, featured at the top of <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>'s national university rankings for the ninth consecutive year in 2024 as well as topping comparable lists by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PrincetonTopUniversityUSNews-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-ForbesPrincetonTopUniversity-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-WSJPrincetonTopUniversity-182">[180]</a> and public universities such as <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, the state's flagship institution of higher education.<a href="#cite_note-RutgersRef-183">[181]</a> In 2014, New Jersey's school systems were ranked at the top of all fifty U.S. states by financial website <a href="/wiki/WalletHub" title="WalletHub">WalletHub</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> In 2018, New Jersey's overall educational system was ranked second among all states to <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> by U.S. News & World Report.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._News_&_World_Report2-26">[25]</a> In 2019, 2020, and 2021, Education Week also ranked New Jersey public schools the best of all U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-KellyHeyboer20202-23">[22]</a> Nine New Jersey <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Secondary education in the United States">high schools</a> were ranked among the top 25 in the U.S. on the Newsweek "America's Top High Schools 2016" list, more than from any other state.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> In November 2023, Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> signed into law legislation eliminating testing for prospective teachers in reading, writing, and math, replacing it with an alternative certification process.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey locations by per capita income">New Jersey locations by per capita income</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis">U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> estimates that New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> in the third quarter of 2022 was $753 billion.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affluence">Affluence</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png/220px-Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png/330px-Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png/440px-Map_of_Income_by_Location_in_New_Jersey.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>A heat map showing median income distribution in New Jersey by county</figcaption></figure> New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_per_capita_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP per capita (nominal)">per capita gross state product</a> routinely ranks as one of the highest in the United States. In 2020, New Jersey had the highest number of <a href="/wiki/Millionaire" title="Millionaire">millionaires</a> both per capita and per square mile in the United States, approximately 9.76% of households.<a href="#cite_note-Millionaires2-22">[21]</a> The state is ranked second in the nation by the number of places with per capita incomes above national average with 76.4%. Three of New Jersey's counties are among the 20 highest-income U.S. counties.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiscal_policy">Fiscal policy</h3></div> New Jersey has seven <a href="/wiki/Tax_bracket" title="Tax bracket">tax brackets</a> that determine <a href="/wiki/State_income_tax" title="State income tax">state income tax</a> rates, which range from 1.4% (for income below $20,000) to 8.97% (for income above $500,000).<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> The standard <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> rate as of January 1, 2018, is 6.625%, applicable to all retail sales unless specifically exempt by law. This rate, which is comparably lower than that of New York City, often attracts numerous shoppers from New York City, often to suburban <a href="/wiki/Paramus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramus">Paramus</a>, New Jersey, which has five malls, one of which (the <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Plaza" title="Garden State Plaza">Garden State Plaza</a>) has over 2 million square feet (200,000 m2) of retail space. <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">Tax exemptions</a> include most food items for at-home preparation, medications, most clothing, footwear and disposable paper products for use in the home.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> There are 27 <a href="/wiki/Urban_Enterprise_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Enterprise Zone">Urban Enterprise Zone</a> statewide, including sections of <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> rate (half the rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> New Jersey has the highest cumulative tax rate of all 50 states with residents paying a total of $68 billion in state and local taxes annually with a per capita burden of $7,816 at a rate of 12.9% of income.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> All <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a> located in the state is subject to <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property tax</a> unless specifically exempted by statute. New Jersey does not assess an intangible personal property tax or an <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate tax</a>, but it does impose an <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> (which is levied only on heirs who are not direct descendants).<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> In 2023, Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> signed into law a new tax-relief program known as StayNJ that will provide for an annual property-tax cut of 50% for those aged 65 and over with incomes below $500,000; the cut will go into effect in January 2026 and be capped at $6,500, but with this cap rising as indexed to the increase in New Jersey's overall property taxes.<a href="#cite_note-StayNJ50%PropertyTaxCutSeniorCitizens-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_taxation_disparity">Federal taxation disparity</h3></div> New Jersey consistently ranks as having one of the highest proportional levels of disparity of any state in the United States, based upon what it receives from the federal government relative to what it gives. In 2015, WalletHub ranked New Jersey the state least dependent upon federal government aid overall and having the fourth lowest return on taxpayer investment from the federal government, at 48 cents per dollar.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> New Jersey has one of the highest tax burdens in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-taxfoundation-200">[198]</a> Factors for this include the large federal tax liability which is not adjusted for New Jersey's higher cost of living and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> funding formulas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industries">Industries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Biotech_and_pharmaceutical_companies_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New Jersey">Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in New Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/220px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/330px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/440px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3157" data-file-height="2125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">Cranberry</a> harvest</figcaption></figure> New Jersey's economy is multifaceted, featuring high levels of both <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail consumption</a>; the Garden State's economy comprises the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Financial_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial industry">financial industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a>, food processing, electrical equipment manufacturing, printing, and publishing. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> New Jersey ranks second among states in <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a> production, third in <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, and fourth in <a href="/wiki/Bell_peppers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell peppers">bell peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">head lettuce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> The state harvests the fourth-largest number of acres planted with <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a> has become an <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast epicenter</a> for <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouse</a> construction.<a href="#cite_note-SouthJerseyEastCoastLogisticsEpicenter-204">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scientific_economy">Scientific economy</h4></div> New Jersey has a strong <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientific economy</a> and is home to major pharmaceutical and telecommunications firms, drawing on the state's large and well-educated labor pool, including one of the highest concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a> and other scientists in the world. There is also a robust service economy in retail sales, education, and real estate, serving residents who work in New York City or Philadelphia. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> invented the first <a href="/wiki/Electric_light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric light bulb">electric light bulb</a> at his home in <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Menlo Park, New Jersey">Menlo Park, Edison</a> in 1879. New Jersey is also a key participant in the <a href="/wiki/Wind_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind industry">renewable wind industry</a>. New Jersey has more scientists and engineers per square mile than anywhere in the world,<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> and is a global leader in <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corporate_and_retail">Corporate and retail</h4></div> New Jersey hosts numerous business headquarters, including twenty-four <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paramus,_New_Jersey" title="Paramus, New Jersey">Paramus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> has become the top retail <a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code</a> (07652) in the United States, with the municipality generating over US$6 billion in annual retail sales.<a href="#cite_note-ParamusNumberOneRetailZipCode-209">[207]</a> Several New Jersey counties, including <a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset</a> (7), <a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris</a> (10), <a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon</a> (13), Bergen (21), and <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth</a> (42), have been ranked among the <a href="/wiki/Highest-income_counties_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest-income counties in the United States">highest-income counties in the United States</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shipping,_manufacturing,_and_logistics">Shipping, manufacturing, and logistics</h4></div> Shipping is a key industry in New Jersey because of the state's strategic geographic location, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a> being the busiest port on the East Coast. The <a href="/wiki/Port_Newark-Elizabeth_Marine_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal">Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal</a> was the world's first <a href="/wiki/Container_port" title="Container port">container port</a> and today is one of the world's largest. New Jersey's location at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern North America">Eastern North American</a> population belt has made the state a prime hub for the logistics, warehousing, and <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a> management industries. The <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> economy in New Jersey had declined for several decades in the post-<a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> era but has since resumed growth. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tourism">Tourism</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City,_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg/220px-A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg/330px-A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg/440px-A_sunset_view_of_the_beach_in_Atlantic_City%2C_NJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sunset" title="Sunset">Sunset</a> on the beach at <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">oceanfront resort</a> and the nexus of New Jersey's <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">gambling industry</a></figcaption></figure> New Jersey's location at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a> and its extensive transportation system have put over one-third of all United States residents and many Canadian residents within overnight distance by land. This accessibility to consumer revenue has enabled <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resorts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> and the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>, as well as the state's other natural and cultural attractions, to contribute significantly to the record 111 million tourist visits to New Jersey in 2018, providing US$44.7 billion in tourism revenue, directly supporting 333,860 jobs, sustaining more than 531,000 jobs overall including peripheral impacts, and generating US$5 billion in state and local tax revenue.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gambling">Gambling</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_New_Jersey" title="Gambling in New Jersey">Gambling in New Jersey</a></div> In 1976, a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> by Jersey voters approved <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a> gambling in Atlantic City, where the first legalized casino opened in 1978.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> At that time, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a> was the only other casino resort in the country.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Today, several casinos lie along the Atlantic City <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City#Boardwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Boardwalk</a>, the oldest and longest boardwalk in the world, at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) in length.<a href="#cite_note-Oyster2015-213">[211]</a> Atlantic City experienced a dramatic contraction in its stature as a gambling destination after 2010, including the closure of multiple casinos since 2014, spurred by competition from the advent of legalized gambling in other northeastern U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> On February 26, 2013, Governor Chris Christie signed <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a> into law.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">Sports betting</a> has become a growing source of gambling revenue in New Jersey, with sportsbooks bringing in almost $12 billion in bets, making over $1 billion in revenue in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> Since being legalized across the nation by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> on May 14, 2018, New Jersey led all states in sports betting handle until New York passed them.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> In September 2022, the lifetime revenue from <a href="/wiki/Online_casinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Online casinos">online casinos</a> operating in New Jersey for the nine years since the industry's launch had surpassed $5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Media">Media</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg/170px-USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg/255px-USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg/340px-USA_telephone_area_code_map_-_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>New Jersey's telephone <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">area codes</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Television_and_film_production">Television and film production</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Television_and_film_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Television and film of New Jersey">Television and film of New Jersey</a></div> New Jersey is a growing center for <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Television production">television production</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyFilmTelevsionProductionHub1-221">[219]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">media companies</a>, enticed by its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Tax_incentive" title="Tax incentive">tax incentives</a>, collectively spending billions of dollars to develop large new <a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">studio facilities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sound_stage" title="Sound stage">sound stage</a> complexes.<a href="#cite_note-NewJerseyFilmTelevisionProductionHub2-222">[220]</a> Motion picture technology was developed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>, with much of his early work done at his <a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange</a> laboratory. <a href="/wiki/Edison%27s_Black_Maria" title="Edison's Black Maria">Edison's Black Maria</a> was the first motion picture studio. <a href="/wiki/America%27s_first_motion_picture_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="America's first motion picture industry">America's first motion picture industry</a> started in 1907 in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> and the first studio was constructed there in 1909.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/DuMont_Laboratories" title="DuMont Laboratories">DuMont Laboratories</a> in <a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic</a> developed early sets and made the first broadcast to the private home. A number of television shows and films have been filmed in New Jersey. Since 1978, the state has maintained a Motion Picture and Television Commission to encourage filming in-state.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> New Jersey has long offered tax credits to television producers. Governor Chris Christie suspended the credits in 2010, but the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Legislature">New Jersey State Legislature</a> in 2011 approved the restoration and expansion of the tax credit program. Under bills passed by both the state Senate and Assembly, the program offers 20 percent tax credits (22% in <a href="/wiki/Urban_enterprise_zone" title="Urban enterprise zone">urban enterprise zones</a>) to television and film productions that shoot in the state and meet set standards for hiring and local spending.<a href="#cite_note-crewsback-225">[223]</a> When Governor Phil Murphy took office, he instated the New Jersey Film & Digital Media Tax Credit Program in 2018 and expanded it in 2020. The benefits include a 30% tax credit on film projects and a 40% subsidy for studio developments.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park_Press" title="Asbury Park Press">Asbury Park Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County_Times" title="Burlington County Times">Burlington County Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_News" title="Courier News">Courier News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier-Post" title="Courier-Post">Courier-Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Record_(Morristown)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Record (Morristown)">Daily Record</a> (Morristown)<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Express-Times" title="The Express-Times">The Express-Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County_Times" title="Gloucester County Times">Gloucester County Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_News" title="Herald News">Herald News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_News_Tribune" title="Home News Tribune">Home News Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County_Democrat" title="Hunterdon County Democrat">Hunterdon County Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Journal">Jersey Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Herald" title="New Jersey Herald">New Jersey Herald</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_News_of_Cumberland_County" title="The News of Cumberland County">The News of Cumberland County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Press_of_Atlantic_City" title="The Press of Atlantic City">The Press of Atlantic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Record_(North_Jersey)" title="The Record (North Jersey)">The Record</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Jersey_Times" title="South Jersey Times">South Jersey Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Times_(Trenton)" title="The Times (Trenton)">The Times (Trenton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Sunbeam" title="Today's Sunbeam">Today's Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trentonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentonian">Trentonian</a> (Mercer)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_New_Jersey" title="List of radio stations in New Jersey">List of radio stations in New Jersey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Television_stations">Television stations</h5></div> New Jersey has several <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> affiliates: <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a> (13) in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNJN_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="WNJN (TV)">WNJN</a> (50) in <a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a>, WNJB (58) in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="New Brunswick, NJ">New Brunswick</a>, WNJS (23) in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> and WNJT (52) in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton, NJ">Trenton</a>. There are no standard commercial <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">network affiliates</a> in the state. <a href="/wiki/WMGM-TV" title="WMGM-TV">WMGM-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wildwood,_New_Jersey" title="Wildwood, New Jersey">Wildwood</a>) lost its affiliation with <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 2014. Viewers in northern New Jersey receive <a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City#Television" title="Media in New York City">New York City market</a> stations over cable or over the air; southern New Jersey viewers receive <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Philadelphia#Television_stations" title="Media in Philadelphia">Philadelphia market</a> stations over cable or over the air. WMGM now affiliates with the <a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">True Crime Network</a>. <a href="/wiki/WJLP" title="WJLP">WJLP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Middletown,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, New Jersey">Middletown</a>) affiliates with the retro network <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a> affiliates in Fort Lee, Linden and Mount Laurel, and <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> affiliates in Paterson and Vineland. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finance_as_Wall_Street_West">Finance as Wall Street West</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jersey_City_Skyline_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="1407" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Jersey_City" title="Downtown Jersey City">Downtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a> waterfront skyline is dubbed <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_West" title="Wall Street West">Wall Street West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JerseyCityWaterfrontWallStreetWest-230">[228]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Jersey_City" title="Downtown Jersey City">Hudson River waterfront</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Jersey_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Place (Jersey City)">Exchange Place</a> to <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Jersey_City" title="Newport, Jersey City">Newport</a>, is known as <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_West" title="Wall Street West">Wall Street West</a><a href="#cite_note-JerseyCityWaterfrontWallStreetWest-230">[228]</a> and has over 13 million square feet of <a href="/wiki/Class_A_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Class A office">Class A office space</a>. One third of the <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> jobs in the city are in the <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">financial services</a> sector: more than 60% are in the <a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">securities industry</a>, 20% are in banking and 8% in <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Jersey City is home to the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk Analytics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Abbett" title="Lord Abbett">Lord Abbett</a>,<a href="#cite_note-StarLedger-232">[230]</a> a privately held money management firm.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> Companies such as <a href="/wiki/Computershare" title="Computershare">Computershare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Data_Processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic Data Processing">ADP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPC_Systems" title="IPC Systems">IPC Systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a> also conduct operations in the city.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine moved its headquarters to the district, having been awarded a $27 million tax grant in exchange for bringing 350 jobs to the city over a ten-year period.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> By the early 2020s, the construction of residential <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a> Downtown made median rental rates in Jersey City amongst the highest of any city in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natural_resources_and_energy">Natural resources and energy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_New_Jersey" title="List of power stations in New Jersey">List of power stations in New Jersey</a></div> Limited mining activity of <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, iron, and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> still takes place in the area in and around the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Furnace" title="Franklin Furnace">Franklin Furnace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a>. Although New Jersey is home to many energy-intensive industries, its energy consumption is only 2.7% of the U.S. total, and its <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a> are 0.8% of the U.S. total. New Jersey's electricity comes primarily from natural gas and nuclear power.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> New Jersey is seventh in the nation in <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_New_Jersey" title="Solar power in New Jersey">solar power</a> installations,<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> enabled by one of the country's most favorable <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">net metering</a> policies and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standards_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable portfolio standards in the United States">renewable portfolio standard</a>. The state has more than 140,000 solar installations.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2></div> Due to past industrial activity, New Jersey has more <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> toxic waste sites than any other state in the union despite its small geographic size. By 2024, only 35 of New Jersey's Superfund sites (out of about 150 that have been on the EPA's list since the Superfund law was passed in 1980) have been cleaned up.<a href="#cite_note-NPL2024-240">[238]</a> In late 2023, a concern became public about <a href="/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances" title="Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances">PFAs</a> (so-called "forever chemicals") existing in the state's water supplies.<a href="#cite_note-PFAS-241">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_Jersey" title="Transportation in New Jersey">Transportation in New Jersey</a></div> New Jersey's population density and location at the geographic center of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Megalopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Megalopolis">Northeast Megalopolis</a> have rendered it a vital transportation for hub for both passengers and industry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roadways">Roadways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_New_Jersey" title="State highways in New Jersey">State highways in New Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png/220px-Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png/330px-Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png/440px-Map_of_New_Jersey_NA.png 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="1640" /></a><figcaption>Map of New Jersey's major transportation networks and cities</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/220px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/330px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/440px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> (foreground) in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (background), is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<a href="#cite_note-panynj.gov-242">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-abcgwb-243">[241]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike">New Jersey Turnpike</a> is one of the most prominent and heavily trafficked roadways in the United States. This <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll road</a>, which overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_Jersey" title="Interstate 95 in New Jersey">Interstate 95</a> for much of its length, carries traffic between <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> and New York, and up and down the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> in general. Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike", it is known for its numerous <a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">rest areas</a> named after prominent New Jerseyans. The <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway">Garden State Parkway</a>, or simply "the Parkway", carries relatively more in-state traffic than interstate traffic and runs from New Jersey's northern border to its southernmost tip at <a href="/wiki/Cape_May,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May, New Jersey">Cape May</a>. It is the main route that connects the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>. With a total of fifteen travel and six shoulder lanes, the <a href="/wiki/Driscoll_Bridge" title="Driscoll Bridge">Driscoll Bridge</a> on the Parkway, spanning the <a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, is the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes as well as one of the busiest.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> New Jersey is connected to New York City via various key bridges and tunnels. The double-decked <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a> carries the heaviest load of motor vehicle traffic of any bridge in the world, at 102 million vehicles per year, across fourteen lanes.<a href="#cite_note-panynj.gov-242">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-abcgwb-243">[241]</a> It connects <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee, New Jersey</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a>, and carries <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">Interstate 95</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1/9" title="U.S. Route 1/9">U.S. Route 1/9</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a> connects to <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_495" title="New Jersey Route 495">New Jersey Route 495</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a> connects to <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Interstate_78_in_New_Jersey" title="Interstate 78 in New Jersey">Interstate 78</a>. New Jersey is also connected to <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> by three bridges—from north to south, the <a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals Bridge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge Crossing</a>. New Jersey has <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compacts</a> with all three of its neighboring states. The <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_Port_Authority" title="Delaware River Port Authority">Delaware River Port Authority</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_Joint_Toll_Bridge_Commission" title="Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission">Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission</a> (with Pennsylvania), and the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_and_Bay_Authority" title="Delaware River and Bay Authority">Delaware River and Bay Authority</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>) operate most of the major transportation routes in and out of the state. Bridge tolls are collected only from traffic exiting the state, with the exception of the private <a href="/wiki/Dingman%27s_Ferry_Bridge" title="Dingman's Ferry Bridge">Dingman's Ferry Bridge</a> over the Delaware River, which charges a toll in both directions. It is unlawful for a customer to serve themselves gasoline in New Jersey. It became the last remaining U.S. state where all <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">gas stations</a> are required to sell full-service gasoline to customers at all times in 2016, after <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>'s introduction of restricted self-service gasoline availability took effect.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station,_June_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg/220px-NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg/330px-NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg/440px-NEC_train_3967_passing_through_Rahway_station%2C_June_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit" title="NJ Transit">NJ Transit</a> train on the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rahway,_New_Jersey" title="Rahway, New Jersey">Rahway</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a> (EWR) is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States" title="List of the busiest airports in the United States">busiest airports</a> in the United States. Operated by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, it is one of the three main airports serving the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a>, which are both in Queens, New York. <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> is the airport's largest tenant, operating an entire terminal (Terminal C) there, which it uses as one of its primary <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a>. <a href="/wiki/FedEx_Express" title="FedEx Express">FedEx Express</a> operates a large <a href="/wiki/Cargo_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo terminal">cargo terminal</a> at EWR as well. The adjacent <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport_(NJT_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newark Liberty International Airport (NJT station)">Newark Airport railroad station</a> provides access to <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> and <a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit" title="NJ Transit">NJ Transit</a> trains along the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor_Line" title="Northeast Corridor Line">Northeast Corridor Line</a>. Two smaller commercial airports, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_International_Airport" title="Atlantic City International Airport">Atlantic City International Airport</a> and rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/Trenton-Mercer_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton-Mercer Airport">Trenton-Mercer Airport</a>, also operate in other parts of the state. <a href="/wiki/Teterboro_Airport" title="Teterboro Airport">Teterboro Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millville_Municipal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Millville Municipal Airport">Millville Municipal Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cumberland County, New Jersey">Cumberland County</a> are <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airports popular with <a href="/wiki/Private_aviation" title="Private aviation">private</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate aviation">corporate aircraft</a> due to their proximity to New York City and the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>, respectively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_and_bus">Rail and bus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit" title="NJ Transit">NJ Transit</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Transit_Bus_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Transit Bus Operations">New Jersey Transit Bus Operations</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Transit_Rail_Operations" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Transit Rail Operations">New Jersey Transit Rail Operations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Trans-Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority Trans-Hudson">Port Authority Trans-Hudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/PATCO_Speedline" title="PATCO Speedline">PATCO Speedline</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_railroads" title="List of New Jersey railroads">List of New Jersey railroads</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg/220px-Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg/330px-Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg/440px-Hudson_bergen_exchange_place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/Hudson%E2%80%93Bergen_Light_Rail" title="Hudson–Bergen Light Rail">Hudson–Bergen Light Rail</a> trains in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MVCapeHenlopen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MVCapeHenlopen.jpg/220px-MVCapeHenlopen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MVCapeHenlopen.jpg/330px-MVCapeHenlopen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/MVCapeHenlopen.jpg/440px-MVCapeHenlopen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cape_May%E2%80%93Lewes_Ferry" title="Cape May–Lewes Ferry">Cape May–Lewes Ferry</a> connects New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> across <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit" title="NJ Transit">NJ Transit</a> operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. A state-run corporation, it began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a> in 1979. In the early 1980s, it acquired <a href="/wiki/Conrail" title="Conrail">Conrail</a>'s commuter train operations that connected suburban towns to New York City. NJ Transit has <a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit_Rail_Operations" title="NJ Transit Rail Operations">12 rail lines</a> that run through different parts of the state and 165 stations statewide.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> Most of the lines end at either <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York City)">Penn Station</a> in New York City or <a href="/wiki/Hoboken_Terminal" title="Hoboken Terminal">Hoboken Terminal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>, although some lines serve service to both terminal stations. One line provides service between <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. NJ Transit also operates three <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> systems in the state. The <a href="/wiki/Hudson-Bergen_Light_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson-Bergen Light Rail">Hudson-Bergen Light Rail</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a> to <a href="/wiki/North_Bergen,_New_Jersey" title="North Bergen, New Jersey">North Bergen</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Newark_Light_Rail" title="Newark Light Rail">Newark Light Rail</a> is partially underground, and connects downtown <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> with other parts of the city and its suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Belleville,_New_Jersey" title="Belleville, New Jersey">Belleville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield,_New_Jersey" title="Bloomfield, New Jersey">Bloomfield</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_Line_(New_Jersey_Transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Line (New Jersey Transit)">River Line</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Trans-Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority Trans-Hudson">PATH</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system consisting of four lines operated by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. It links <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey" title="Harrison, New Jersey">Harrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> with New York City. The <a href="/wiki/PATCO_Speedline" title="PATCO Speedline">PATCO Speedline</a> is a rapid transit system that links <a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden County</a> to Philadelphia. Both the PATCO and the PATH are two of only five rapid transit systems in the United States to operate 24 hours a day. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> operates numerous long-distance passenger trains in New Jersey, both to and from neighboring states and around the country. In addition to the Newark Airport connection, other major Amtrak railway stations include <a href="/wiki/Trenton_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton (Amtrak station)">Trenton Transit Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metropark_(NJT_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropark (NJT station)">Metropark</a>, and the historic <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(Newark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (Newark)">Newark Penn Station</a>. The <a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA">Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority</a>, or SEPTA, has two commuter rail lines that operate into New Jersey. The <a href="/wiki/Trenton_Line" title="Trenton Line">Trenton Line</a> terminates at the <a href="/wiki/Trenton_Transit_Center" title="Trenton Transit Center">Trenton Transit Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Trenton_Line_(SEPTA)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Trenton Line (SEPTA)">West Trenton Line</a> terminates at the <a href="/wiki/West_Trenton_Rail_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="West Trenton Rail Station">West Trenton Rail Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ewing,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewing, New Jersey">Ewing</a>. <a href="/wiki/AirTrain_Newark" title="AirTrain Newark">AirTrain Newark</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">monorail</a> connecting the Amtrak/NJ Transit station on the Northeast Corridor to the airport's terminals and parking lots. Some private bus carriers still remain in New Jersey. Most of these carriers operate with state funding to offset losses and state owned buses are provided to these carriers, of which <a href="/wiki/Coach_USA" title="Coach USA">Coach USA</a> companies make up the bulk. Other carriers include private charter and tour bus operators that take gamblers from other parts of New Jersey, New York City, Philadelphia, and <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> to the casino resorts of Atlantic City. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferries">Ferries</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/NY_Waterway" title="NY Waterway">New York Waterway</a> has ferry terminals at <a href="/wiki/Belford,_New_Jersey" title="Belford, New Jersey">Belford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a>, Hoboken, <a href="/wiki/Weehawken" class="mw-redirect" title="Weehawken">Weehawken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_New_Jersey" title="Edgewater, New Jersey">Edgewater</a>, with service to different parts of Manhattan. <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Water_Taxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Water Taxi">Liberty Water Taxi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a> has ferries from <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Hook" title="Paulus Hook">Paulus Hook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_State_Park" title="Liberty State Park">Liberty State Park</a> to <a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_City" title="Battery Park City">Battery Park City</a> in Manhattan. <a href="/wiki/Statue_Cruises" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue Cruises">Statue Cruises</a> offers service from Liberty State Park to the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>. <a href="/wiki/SeaStreak" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaStreak">SeaStreak</a> offers services from the <a href="/wiki/Raritan_Bayshore" title="Raritan Bayshore">Raritan Bayshore</a> to Manhattan, <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_and_Bay_Authority" title="Delaware River and Bay Authority">Delaware River and Bay Authority</a> operates the <a href="/wiki/Cape_May%E2%80%93Lewes_Ferry" title="Cape May–Lewes Ferry">Cape May–Lewes Ferry</a> on <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Bay" title="Delaware Bay">Delaware Bay</a>, carrying both passengers and vehicles between New Jersey and Delaware as part of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_9" title="U.S. Route 9">US 9</a>. The agency also operates the <a href="/wiki/Forts_Ferry_Crossing" title="Forts Ferry Crossing">Forts Ferry Crossing</a> for passengers across the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_Port_Authority" title="Delaware River Port Authority">Delaware River Port Authority</a> operates the <a href="/wiki/RiverLink_Ferry" title="RiverLink Ferry">RiverLink Ferry</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> waterfront and <a href="/wiki/Penn%27s_Landing" title="Penn's Landing">Penn's Landing</a> in Philadelphia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GatewayVueNB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GatewayVueNB.jpg/170px-GatewayVueNB.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GatewayVueNB.jpg/255px-GatewayVueNB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/GatewayVueNB.jpg/340px-GatewayVueNB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="4307" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a>, nicknamed the Hub city and the Healthcare City, is a focus city for academia, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare">healthcare</a>, and culture in New Jersey.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg/220px-A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg/330px-A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg/440px-A_50%27s_Style_Diner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>A 1950s-style <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">diner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange,_New_Jersey" title="Orange, New Jersey">Orange</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3></div> New Jersey has continued to play a prominent role as a U.S. cultural nexus. Like every state, New Jersey has its own <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey" title="Cuisine of New Jersey">cuisine</a>, religious communities, <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_Jersey" title="List of museums in New Jersey">museums</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Halls_of_fame_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:Halls of fame in New Jersey">halls of fame</a>. New Jersey is the birthplace of many modern inventions, including <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a>, the motion picture camera, the <a href="/wiki/Lithium_battery" title="Lithium battery">lithium battery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Light_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Light bulb">light bulb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a>, and the electric train. Other New Jersey creations include: the drive-in movie, the cultivated <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">cranberry sauce</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk" title="Boardwalk">boardwalk</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">zipper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltwater_taffy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwater taffy">saltwater taffy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dirigible" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirigible">dirigible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">seedless watermelon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> the <a href="/wiki/David_Bushnell" title="David Bushnell">first use</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> in warfare, and the <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_cone" title="Ice cream cone">ice cream cone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diner" title="Diner">Diners</a> are iconic to New Jersey. The state is home to many diner manufacturers and has over 600 diners, more than any other place in the world.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> New Jersey is the only state to have never had a <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">state song</a>;<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> as of 2021, it is one of only two states (the other being <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a>) that are currently without a state song. "I'm From New Jersey" is incorrectly listed on many websites as being the New Jersey state song, but it was not even a contender when the New Jersey Arts Council submitted state song suggestions to the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a> in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> New Jersey is frequently the target of jokes in American culture,<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> especially from New York City-based television shows, such as <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rockland-254">[252]</a> Academic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Aaron_Rockland" title="Michael Aaron Rockland">Michael Aaron Rockland</a> attributes this to New Yorkers' view that New Jersey is the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">Middle America</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike">New Jersey Turnpike</a>, which runs between two major East Coast cities, New York City and Philadelphia, is also cited as a reason, as people who traverse through the state may only see its industrial zones.<a href="#cite_note-sjt-255">[253]</a> Reality television shows like <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore_(TV_series)" title="Jersey Shore (TV series)">Jersey Shore</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_Jersey" title="The Real Housewives of New Jersey">The Real Housewives of New Jersey</a> have reinforced stereotypical views of New Jersey culture,<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> but Rockland cited <a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a> and the music of <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> as exporting a more positive image.<a href="#cite_note-sjt-255">[253]</a> The "New" in "New Jersey" is often omitted in casual conversation.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey" title="Cuisine of New Jersey">Cuisine of New Jersey</a></div> New Jersey is known for several foods developed within the region, including <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Pork_Roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor Pork Roll">Taylor Ham</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Pork_roll" title="Pork roll">pork roll</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe_(New_Jersey)" title="Sloppy joe (New Jersey)">sloppy joe sandwiches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trenton_tomato_pie" title="Trenton tomato pie">tomato pies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taffy_(candy)" title="Taffy (candy)">salt water taffy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chili_dog" title="Chili dog">Texas wieners</a>. Just as <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">New York City's cuisine</a> has an influence on <a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia" title="Cuisine of Philadelphia">Philadelphia's cuisine</a> influences <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a>. New Jersey's third-largest industry is food and agriculture just behind pharmaceuticals and tourism. New Jersey is one of the top 10 producers of <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a> in the United States. Many restaurants in the state offer locally grown ingredients because of this.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Campbell%27s_Soup_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell's Soup Company">Campbell's Soup Company</a> has been headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> since 1869.<a href="#cite_note-campbellsoupcompany.com-259">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Goya_Foods" title="Goya Foods">Goya Foods</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a>-owned food company in the United States, operates a corporate headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Company" title="Wrigley Company">Mars Wrigley Confectionery</a>'s US headquarters has been based in <a href="/wiki/Hackettstown,_New_Jersey" title="Hackettstown, New Jersey">Hackettstown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> Several states with substantial Italian American populations take credit for the development of <a href="/wiki/Submarine_sandwich" title="Submarine sandwich">submarine sandwiches</a>, including New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey" title="Music of New Jersey">Music of New Jersey</a></div> New Jersey has long been an important origin for both <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">rap</a> music. Prominent musicians from or with significant connections to New Jersey include: <ul><li>Singer <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>. He sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, and appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows before he became an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a>-winning actor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, who has sung of New Jersey life on most of his albums, is from <a href="/wiki/Freehold_Borough,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Borough, New Jersey">Freehold</a>. Some of his songs that represent New Jersey life are "<a href="/wiki/Born_to_Run_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)">Born to Run</a>", "Spirit in the Night", "<a href="/wiki/Rosalita_(Come_Out_Tonight)" title="Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)">Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Thunder_Road_(song)" title="Thunder Road (song)">Thunder Road</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_(song)" title="Atlantic City (song)">Atlantic City</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Jungleland" title="Jungleland">Jungleland</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvington,_New_Jersey" title="Irvington, New Jersey">Irvington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Queen_Latifah" title="Queen Latifah">Queen Latifah</a> was one of the first female rappers to succeed in music, film, and television.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_Johnny" title="Southside Johnny">Southside Johnny</a>, eponymous leader of Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes was raised in <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_NJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean Grove, NJ">Ocean Grove</a>. He is considered the "Grandfather of the New Jersey Sound"<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> and is cited by Jersey-born <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a> as his reason for singing.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Sayreville,_New_Jersey" title="Sayreville, New Jersey">Sayreville</a>, reached fame in the 1980s with hard rock outfit <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a>. The band has also written many songs about life in New Jersey, including "Livin' On A Prayer",<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> and named <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_(album)" title="New Jersey (album)">one of their albums</a> after the state.</li> <li>Grammy-winning jazz vocalist <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Vaughn">Sarah Vaughn</a> was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>. After singing in her church's choir as a child, she was sneaking into Newark nightclubs to sing and play piano by the time she was a teenager.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a></li> <li>In 1964, <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">the Isley Brothers</a> founded the record label <a href="/wiki/T-Neck_Records" title="T-Neck Records">T-Neck Records</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Teaneck,_New_Jersey" title="Teaneck, New Jersey">Teaneck</a>, their home at the time.<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a></li> <li>The Broadway musical <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Boys" title="Jersey Boys">Jersey Boys</a> is based on the lives of the members of the <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Seasons (group)">Four Seasons</a>, three of whose members were born in New Jersey (<a href="/wiki/Tommy_DeVito_(musician)" title="Tommy DeVito (musician)">Tommy DeVito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Valli" title="Frankie Valli">Frankie Valli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Massi" title="Nick Massi">Nick Massi</a>) while a fourth, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gaudio" title="Bob Gaudio">Bob Gaudio</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a> but raised in <a href="/wiki/Bergenfield,_New_Jersey" title="Bergenfield, New Jersey">Bergenfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_Jersey" title="Sports in New Jersey">Sports in New Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg/220px-New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg/330px-New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg/440px-New_Meadowlands_Stadium_Mezz_Corner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3892" data-file-height="2586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a>, one of only two <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> stadiums shared by two teams, is home to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a>.</figcaption></figure> New Jersey currently has six teams from <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports leagues</a> playing in the state, although one <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> team and two <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> teams identify themselves as being from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_sports">Professional sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG/220px-Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG/330px-Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG/440px-Pudcentnewarkjeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2812" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a>, is the only major league <a href="/wiki/Sports_franchise" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports franchise">sports franchise</a> to bear the state's name. Founded in 1974 in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Scouts" title="Kansas City Scouts">Kansas City Scouts</a>, the team played in <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies_(NHL)" title="Colorado Rockies (NHL)">Colorado Rockies</a> from 1976 until the spring of 1982 when naval architect, businessman, and <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a> native <a href="/wiki/John_J._McMullen" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. McMullen">John J. McMullen</a> purchased, renamed, and moved the franchise to <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Byrne_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Brendan Byrne Arena">Brendan Byrne Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford's</a> <a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Sports_Complex" title="Meadowlands Sports Complex">Meadowlands Sports Complex</a>. While the team was poor to mediocre in Kansas City, Denver, and its first years in New Jersey, qualifying for the playoffs once in the 13 seasons from 1974 to 1987, the Devils ultimately established themselves in late 1980s and early 1990s during the tenure of Hall of Fame president and general manager <a href="/wiki/Lou_Lamoriello" title="Lou Lamoriello">Lou Lamoriello</a>. As of 2023, the Devils have appeared in 23 postseasons in 40 seasons in New Jersey, reaching five <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> Finals (most recently in <a href="/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="2012 Stanley Cup playoffs">2012</a>) and winning it in <a href="/wiki/1995_Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="1995 Stanley Cup playoffs">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="2000 Stanley Cup playoffs">2000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2003_Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="2003 Stanley Cup playoffs">2003</a>. The organization is the youngest of the nine "Big Four" major league teams based in New York metropolitan area, ultimately establishing its core following throughout the northern and central portions of the state and carving a place in a media market once dominated by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">Islanders</a> which has the distinction of being the only metropolitan area in the country with three major league professional sports teams participating in the same sport. In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> renovated and expanded their training facility, the Virtua Center Flyers Skate Zone, in <a href="/wiki/Voorhees_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Voorhees Township, New Jersey">Voorhees Township</a> in the southern portion of the state.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>'s two <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> teams, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a>, play at <a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford's</a> <a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Sports_Complex" title="Meadowlands Sports Complex">Meadowlands Sports Complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newmeadowlandsstadium.com-271">[269]</a> Built for about $1.6 billion,<a href="#cite_note-Belson-272">[270]</a> the venue is one of the most expensive stadiums ever built.<a href="#cite_note-Esteban-273">[271]</a> On February 2, 2014, MetLife Stadium hosted <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVIII" title="Super Bowl XLVIII">Super Bowl XLVIII</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> play in <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)" title="Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)">Red Bull Arena</a>, a soccer-specific stadium in <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey" title="Harrison, New Jersey">Harrison</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Passaic_River" title="Passaic River">Passaic River</a> from downtown <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>. On July 27, 2011, Red Bull Arena hosted the <a href="/wiki/2011_MLS_All-Star_Game" title="2011 MLS All-Star Game">2011 MLS All-Star Game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> New Jersey hosted matches during the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 FIFA World Cup</a> at <a href="/wiki/Giants_Stadium" title="Giants Stadium">Giants Stadium</a> and will be one of 16 cities to host matches during the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 FIFA World Cup</a>, at <a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a>, which will also host the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="2026 FIFA World Cup final">tournament final</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> From 1977 to 2012, New Jersey had a <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Nets" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Nets">New Jersey Nets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_York_Liberty" title="New York Liberty">New York Liberty</a> played in New Jersey from 2011 to 2013 while their primary home arena, <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> was undergoing renovations.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers" title="Philadelphia 76ers">Philadelphia 76ers</a> of the NBA opened their new headquarters and training facility, the Philadelphia 76ers Training Complex, in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> The Meadowlands Sports Complex is home to the <a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Racetrack" title="Meadowlands Racetrack">Meadowlands Racetrack</a>, one of three major <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a> tracks in the state. The Meadowlands Racetrack and <a href="/wiki/Freehold_Raceway" title="Freehold Raceway">Freehold Raceway</a> in Freehold are two of the major harness racing tracks in North America. <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Park_Racetrack" title="Monmouth Park Racetrack">Monmouth Park Racetrack</a> in Oceanport is a popular spot for <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred_racing" title="Thoroughbred racing">thoroughbred racing</a> in New Jersey and the northeast. It hosted the <a href="/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup" title="Breeders' Cup">Breeders' Cup</a> in 2007, and its turf course was renovated in preparation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_league_sports">Major league sports</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>League</th> <th>Stadium (capacity)</th> <th>Established</th> <th>Titles </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Ice hockey</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a> (16,514)</td> <td>1974</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Riveters" title="Metropolitan Riveters">Metropolitan Riveters</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hockey_League_(2015%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Women's Hockey League (2015–)">NWHL</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Dream_Meadowlands" class="mw-redirect" title="American Dream Meadowlands">American Dream Meadowlands</a> Ice Rink (1,000)</td> <td>2015</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NJ/NY_Gotham_FC" title="NJ/NY Gotham FC">NJ/NY Gotham FC</a></td> <td>Soccer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">NWSL</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)" title="Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)">Red Bull Arena</a> (25,000)</td> <td>2007</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Football</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a> (82,500)</td> <td>1925</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a></td> <td>Soccer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)" title="Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)">Red Bull Arena</a> (25,000)</td> <td>1994</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minor_league_sports">Minor league sports</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>League</th> <th>Stadium (capacity)</th> <th>Established</th> <th>Titles </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Patriots" title="Somerset Patriots">Somerset Patriots</a></td> <td rowspan="5">Baseball</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">MiLB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_(1938%E2%80%93present)" title="Eastern League (1938–present)">Eastern League</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TD_Bank_Ballpark" title="TD Bank Ballpark">TD Bank Ballpark</a> (6,100)</td> <td>1997</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore_BlueClaws" title="Jersey Shore BlueClaws">Jersey Shore BlueClaws</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">MiLB</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_League" title="South Atlantic League">South Atlantic League</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ShoreTown_Ballpark" title="ShoreTown Ballpark">ShoreTown Ballpark</a> (6,588 )</td> <td>1987</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Thunder" title="Trenton Thunder">Trenton Thunder</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/MLB_Draft_League" title="MLB Draft League">MLB Draft League</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Thunder_Ballpark" title="Trenton Thunder Ballpark">Trenton Thunder Ballpark</a> (6,440)</td> <td>1980</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Jackals" title="New Jersey Jackals">New Jersey Jackals</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinchliffe_Stadium" title="Hinchliffe Stadium">Hinchliffe Stadium</a> (10,000)</td> <td>1998</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County_Miners" title="Sussex County Miners">Sussex County Miners</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skylands_Stadium" title="Skylands Stadium">Skylands Stadium</a> (4,200)</td> <td>2015</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls_II" title="New York Red Bulls II">New York Red Bulls II</a></td> <td>Soccer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/MSU_Soccer_Park_at_Pittser_Field" title="MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field">MSU Soccer Park at Pittser Field</a> (5,000)</td> <td>2015</td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="College_sports">College sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_college_athletic_programs_in_New_Jersey" title="List of college athletic programs in New Jersey">List of college athletic programs in New Jersey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_schools">Major schools</h4></div> New Jerseyans' collegiate allegiances are predominantly split among the three major <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> programs in the state: the <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University%E2%80%93New_Brunswick" title="Rutgers University–New Brunswick">Rutgers University</a> (New Jersey's flagship state university) <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights" title="Rutgers Scarlet Knights">Scarlet Knights</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a> (the state's largest <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic</a> university) <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_Pirates" title="Seton Hall Pirates">Pirates</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Big_East_Conference" title="Big East Conference">Big East Conference</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (the state's <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> university) <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Tigers</a>. The intense rivalry between Rutgers and Princeton athletics began with the <a href="/wiki/1869_college_football_season" title="1869 college football season">first intercollegiate football game</a> in 1869. The schools have not met on the football field since 1980, but they continue to play each other annually in all other sports offered by the two universities. Rutgers, which fields 24 teams in various sports, is nationally known for its football program, with a 6–4 all-time <a href="/wiki/Bowl_game" title="Bowl game">bowl</a> record; and its women's basketball programs, which appeared in a <a href="/wiki/2007_NCAA_Division_I_women%27s_basketball_tournament" title="2007 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament">National Final</a> in 2007. In 2008 and 2009, Rutgers expanded their football home, <a href="/wiki/SHI_Stadium" title="SHI Stadium">Rutgers Stadium</a>, now called SHI Stadium, on the <a href="/wiki/Busch_Campus_of_Rutgers_University" title="Busch Campus of Rutgers University">Busch Campus</a>. The basketball teams play at the <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Athletic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers Athletic Center">Rutgers Athletic Center</a> on <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Campus_(Rutgers_University)" title="Livingston Campus (Rutgers University)">Livingston Campus</a>. Both venues and campuses are in <a href="/wiki/Piscataway_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Piscataway Township, New Jersey">Piscataway</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan River</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a>. The university also fields men's basketball and baseball programs. Rutgers' fans live mostly in the western parts of the state and <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>; its alumni base is the largest in the state. Rutgers' satellite campuses in Camden and Newark each field their own athletic programs—the <a href="/wiki/Rutgers%E2%80%93Camden_Scarlet_Raptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers–Camden Scarlet Raptors">Rutgers–Camden Scarlet Raptors</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rutgers%E2%80%93Newark_Scarlet_Raiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers–Newark Scarlet Raiders">Rutgers–Newark Scarlet Raiders</a>—which both compete in NCAA <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">Division III</a>. Seton Hall fields no football team, but its men's basketball team is one of the <a href="/wiki/Big_East_Conference" title="Big East Conference">Big East</a>'s storied programs. No New Jersey team has won more games in the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament</a>, and it is the state's only men's basketball program to reach a modern <a href="/wiki/1989_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" title="1989 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament">National Final</a>. The Pirates play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, about 4 miles (6 km) from the university's <a href="/wiki/South_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="South Orange, New Jersey">South Orange</a> campus. Their fans hail largely from the predominantly Roman Catholic areas of the northern part of the state and the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a>. The annual inter-conference rivalry game between Seton Hall and Rutgers, whose venue alternates between Newark and Piscataway, the Garden State Hardwood Classic, is planned through 2026.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_schools">Other schools</h4></div> The state's other Division I schools include the <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Hawks" title="Monmouth Hawks">Monmouth University Hawks</a> (West Long Branch), the <a href="/wiki/NJIT_Mens_Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="NJIT Mens Soccer">New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Highlanders</a> (Newark), the <a href="/wiki/Rider_University#Athletics" title="Rider University">Rider University Broncs</a> (Lawrenceville), and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_College,_New_Jersey#Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's College, New Jersey">Saint Peter's University Peacocks and Peahens</a> (Jersey City). <a href="/wiki/Fairleigh_Dickinson_Knights" title="Fairleigh Dickinson Knights">Fairleigh Dickinson University</a> competes in both Division I and Division III. It has two campuses, each with its own sports teams. The teams at the Metropolitan Campus are known as the FDU Knights, and compete in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Conference" title="Northeast Conference">Northeast Conference</a> and NCAA Division I. The college at Florham (FDU-Florham) teams are known as the FDU-Florham Devils and compete in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlantic_Conferences#Freedom_Conference" title="Middle Atlantic Conferences">Middle Atlantic Conferences' Freedom Conference</a> and NCAA Division III. Among the various Division III schools in the state, the <a href="/wiki/Stevens_Tech_Ducks_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevens Tech Ducks football">Stevens Institute of Technology</a> Ducks have fielded the longest continuously running collegiate men's lacrosse program in the country. 2009 marked the 125th season. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_school">High school</h3></div> New Jersey high schools are divided into divisions under the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Interscholastic_Athletic_Association" title="New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association">New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association</a> (NJSIAA).<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a>'<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadiums_and_arenas">Stadiums and arenas</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Venue</th> <th>City</th> <th>Capacity</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Tenants</th> <th>Opened </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SHI_Stadium" title="SHI Stadium">SHI Stadium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway</a></td> <td>52,454</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">Stadium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights" title="Rutgers Scarlet Knights">Rutgers Scarlet Knights</a></td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jadwin_Gymnasium" title="Jadwin Gymnasium">Jadwin Gymnasium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a></td> <td>6,854</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">Arena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Tigers" title="Princeton Tigers">Princeton Tigers</a></td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Athletic_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers Athletic Center">Rutgers Athletic Center</a></td> <td>Piscataway</td> <td>8,000</td> <td>Arena</td> <td>Rutgers Scarlet Knights</td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Stadium" title="MetLife Stadium">MetLife Stadium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a></td> <td>82,500</td> <td>Stadium</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Jets" title="New York Jets">New York Jets</a></td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Stadium">Princeton Stadium</a></td> <td>Princeton</td> <td>27,800</td> <td>Stadium</td> <td>Princeton Tigers</td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></td> <td>18,711</td> <td>Arena</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils" title="New Jersey Devils">New Jersey Devils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_Pirates" title="Seton Hall Pirates">Seton Hall Pirates</a></td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)" title="Red Bull Arena (New Jersey)">Red Bull Arena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey" title="Harrison, New Jersey">Harrison</a></td> <td>25,189</td> <td>Stadium</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls" title="New York Red Bulls">New York Red Bulls</a></td> <td>2010 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notable_sports_venues">Other notable sports venues</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bridge_Township_Raceway_Park" title="Old Bridge Township Raceway Park">Old Bridge Township Raceway Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Speedway" title="Trenton Speedway">Trenton Speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Race_Course" title="Atlantic City Race Course">Atlantic City Race Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Raceway" title="Freehold Raceway">Freehold Raceway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Park_Racetrack" title="Garden State Park Racetrack">Garden State Park Racetrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Park_Racetrack" title="Monmouth Park Racetrack">Monmouth Park Racetrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Sports_Complex" title="Meadowlands Sports Complex">Meadowlands Sports Complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Arena" title="Meadowlands Arena">Meadowlands Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Racetrack" title="Meadowlands Racetrack">Meadowlands Racetrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowlands_Grand_Prix" title="Meadowlands Grand Prix">Meadowlands Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Jersey" title="Government of New Jersey">Government of New Jersey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey">Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:412px;max-width:412px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg/200px-Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg/300px-Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg/400px-Gov.Phil_Murphy2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1276" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of New Jersey">56th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor</a> since January 16, 2018</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:206px;max-width:206px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahesha_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tahesha_Way.jpg/204px-Tahesha_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tahesha_Way.jpg/306px-Tahesha_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tahesha_Way.jpg/408px-Tahesha_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1148" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tahesha_Way" title="Tahesha Way">Tahesha Way</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lieutenant Governors of New Jersey">3rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey">Lt. Governor</a> since September 8, 2023 </div></div></div></div></div> The position of Governor of New Jersey is one of the most powerful in the nation. The governor is elected on a ticket with their lieutenant governor as the only statewide elected executive officials in the state; the governor appoints the entire executive cabinet and judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts. <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">governor</a>. The governor's mansion is <a href="/wiki/Drumthwacket" title="Drumthwacket">Drumthwacket</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>. Before 2010, New Jersey was one of the few states without a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">lieutenant governor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Guadagno" title="Kim Guadagno">Kim Guadagno</a> was elected the first <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey">lieutenant governor of New Jersey</a> on the Republican ticket with Governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> and took office on January 19, 2010. The position was created as the result of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">Constitutional amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Constitution">New Jersey State Constitution</a> passed by the voters in 2005. Previously a gubernatorial vacancy would be filled by the president of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Senate">New Jersey State Senate</a> as acting governor, thus directing half of the legislative and all of the executive process. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative">Legislative</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Jersey_State_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/New_Jersey_State_House.jpg/220px-New_Jersey_State_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/New_Jersey_State_House.jpg/330px-New_Jersey_State_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/New_Jersey_State_House.jpg/440px-New_Jersey_State_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>The design of the dome-capped <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_House" title="New Jersey State House">New Jersey State House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> differs from most other U.S. state houses in not resembling the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>.</figcaption></figure> The current version of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Constitution">New Jersey State Constitution</a> was adopted in 1947. It provides for a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a>, consisting of an <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Senate" title="New Jersey Senate">Senate</a> of 40 members and a <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">General Assembly</a> of 80 members. Each of the 40 legislative districts elects one state senator and two Assembly members. Assembly members are elected for a two-year term in all odd-numbered years; state senators are elected in years ending in 1, 3, and 7 and thus serve either four- or two-year terms. New Jersey is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd-numbered years (the others are <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>). New Jersey holds elections for these offices every four years, in the year following each federal Presidential election year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial">Judicial</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Jersey" title="Judiciary of New Jersey">Judiciary of New Jersey</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Supreme Court">New Jersey Supreme Court</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the governor with the <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">advice and consent</a> of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they can be reappointed to serve until age 70. Most of the day-to-day work in the New Jersey courts is carried out in the Municipal Court, where simple traffic tickets, minor criminal offenses, and small civil matters are heard. More serious criminal and civil cases are handled by the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Superior_Court" title="New Jersey Superior Court">Superior Court</a> for each county. All Superior Court judges are appointed by the governor with the <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">advice and consent</a> of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Each judge serves an initial seven-year term and can be reappointed to serve until age 70. New Jersey's judiciary is unusual in that it still has separate courts of law and <a href="/wiki/Equity_(law)" title="Equity (law)">equity</a>, like its neighbor <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> but unlike most other U.S. states. The <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Superior_Court" title="New Jersey Superior Court">New Jersey Superior Court</a> is divided into Law and Chancery Divisions at the trial level; the Law Division hears both criminal cases and civil lawsuits where the plaintiff's primary remedy is <a href="/wiki/Damages" title="Damages">damages</a>, while the Chancery Division hears family cases, civil suits where the plaintiff's primary remedy is equitable relief, and probate trials. The Superior Court also has an <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Superior_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division">Appellate Division</a>, which functions as the state's intermediate <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a>. Superior Court judges are assigned to the Appellate Division by the Chief Justice. There is also a Tax Court, which is a court of limited jurisdiction. Tax Court judges hear appeals of tax decisions made by County Boards of Taxation. They also hear appeals on decisions made by the director of the Division of Taxation on such matters as state income, sales and business taxes, and homestead rebates. Appeals from Tax Court decisions are heard in the Appellate Division of Superior Court. Tax Court judges are appointed by the governor for initial terms of seven years, and upon reappointment are granted tenure until they reach the mandatory retirement age of 70. There are 12 Tax Court judgeships. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counties_2">Counties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Jersey counties">List of New Jersey counties</a></div> New Jersey is divided into 21 counties; 13 date from the colonial era. New Jersey was completely divided into counties by 1692; the present counties were created by dividing the existing ones; most recently <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union County</a> in 1857.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> New Jersey was formerly the only state in the nation where elected county officials were called "freeholders". Elected county officials are now called county commissioners as of bill S855 signed by Governor Murphy on August 8, 2020. The county commissioners govern each county as part of its own <a href="/wiki/Board_of_County_Commissioners_(New_Jersey)" title="Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)">Board of Chosen County Commissioners</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> The number of county commissioners in each county is determined by referendum, and must consist of three, five, seven or nine members. Depending on the county, the executive and <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> functions may be performed by the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_County_Commissioners_(New_Jersey)" title="Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)">Board of County Commissioners</a> or split into separate branches of government. In 16 counties, the County Commissioners perform both legislative and executive functions on a commission basis, with each commissioner assigned responsibility for a department or group of departments. In the other five counties (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a>), there is a directly elected <a href="/wiki/County_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="County Executive">County Executive</a> who performs the executive functions while the commissioners retain a legislative and oversight role. In counties without an Executive, a County Administrator (or County Manager) may be hired to perform day-to-day administration of county functions.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities_2">Municipalities</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Jersey" title="List of municipalities in New Jersey">List of municipalities in New Jersey</a></div> New Jersey currently has 564 municipalities; the most recent dissolution of a municipality was when <a href="/wiki/Pine_Valley,_New_Jersey" title="Pine Valley, New Jersey">Pine Valley</a> merged into <a href="/wiki/Pine_Hill,_New_Jersey" title="Pine Hill, New Jersey">Pine Hill</a> on January 1, 2022. Unlike other states, all New Jersey land is part of a municipality. In 2008, Governor <a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a> proposed cutting state aid to all towns under 10,000 people, to encourage mergers to reduce administrative costs.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> In May 2009, the Local Unit Alignment Reorganization and Consolidation Commission began a study of about 40 small communities in South Jersey to decide which ones might be good candidates for consolidation.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forms_of_municipal_government">Forms of municipal government</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Jersey" title="Local government in New Jersey">New Jersey municipal government</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Jersey"><img alt="Flag of New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/100px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/200px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditional types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_Jersey)" title="Borough (New Jersey)">Borough</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Township_(New_Jersey)" title="Township (New Jersey)">Township</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/City_(New_Jersey)" title="City (New Jersey)">City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Town_(New_Jersey)" title="Town (New Jersey)">Town</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Village_(New_Jersey)" title="Village (New Jersey)">Village</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walsh_Act" title="Walsh Act">Walsh Act commission</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Municipal_Manager_Law" title="1923 Municipal Manager Law">1923 municipal manager</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act" title="Faulkner Act">Faulkner Act</a> forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(mayor%E2%80%93council)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (mayor–council)">Mayor–council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(council%E2%80%93manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (council–manager)">Council–manager</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(small_municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (small municipality)">Small municipality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(mayor%E2%80%93council%E2%80%93administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (mayor–council–administrator)">Mayor–council–administrator</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Nonstandard forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Special_charter_(New_Jersey)" title="Special charter (New Jersey)">Special charter</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Changing form of municipal government</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Charter_Study_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Study Commission">Charter Study Commission</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NJmunigov" title="Template:NJmunigov"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NJmunigov" title="Template talk:NJmunigov"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NJmunigov" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NJmunigov"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Starting in the 20th century, largely driven by reform-minded goals, a series of six modern forms of government was implemented. This began with the <a href="/wiki/Walsh_Act_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walsh Act (New Jersey)">Walsh Act</a>, enacted in 1911 by the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a>, which provided for a three- or five-member commission elected on a non-partisan basis. This was followed by the <a href="/wiki/1923_Municipal_Manager_Law" title="1923 Municipal Manager Law">1923 Municipal Manager Law</a>, which offered a non-partisan council, provided for a weak mayor elected by and from the members of the council, and introduced a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager government">Council-manager government</a> structure with an appointed manager responsible for the day-to-day administration of municipal affairs. The <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (New Jersey)">Faulkner Act</a>, originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(Mayor-Council)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)">Mayor-Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(Council-Manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (Council-Manager)">Council-Manager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(Small_Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (Small Municipality)">Small Municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_Act_(Mayor-Council-Administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council-Administrator)">Mayor-Council-Administrator</a>. The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a <a href="/wiki/Special_Charter_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Charter (New Jersey)">Special Charter</a> with the approval of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially of the village type, none use the village form of government. <a href="/wiki/Loch_Arbour,_New_Jersey" title="Loch Arbour, New Jersey">Loch Arbour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ridgefield_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Ridgefield Park, New Jersey">Ridgefield Park</a> (now with a Walsh Act form), <a href="/wiki/Ridgewood,_New_Jersey" title="Ridgewood, New Jersey">Ridgewood</a> (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and <a href="/wiki/South_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="South Orange, New Jersey">South Orange</a> (now operates under a <a href="/wiki/Special_Charter_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Charter (New Jersey)">Special Charter</a>) all migrated to other non-village forms.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Jersey" title="Politics of New Jersey">Politics of New Jersey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_attitudes_and_issues">Social attitudes and issues</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Jersey">LGBT rights in New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_Jersey" title="Gun laws in New Jersey">Gun laws in New Jersey</a></div> Socially, New Jersey is considered one of the more liberal states in the nation. Polls indicate that 60% of the population are self-described as <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">pro-choice</a>, although a majority are opposed to late trimester and <a href="/wiki/Intact_dilation_and_extraction" title="Intact dilation and extraction">intact dilation and extraction</a> and public funding of abortion.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> As of 2022, all aspects of reproductive choice (including abortion) are protected by law.<a href="#cite_note-Repro-293">[291]</a> In a 2009 <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University_Polling_Institute" title="Quinnipiac University Polling Institute">Quinnipiac University Polling Institute</a> poll, a plurality supported <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Jersey" title="Same-sex marriage in New Jersey">same-sex marriage</a> 49% to 43% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> On October 18, 2013, the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Supreme Court">New Jersey Supreme Court</a> rendered a provisional, unanimous (7–0) order authorizing same-sex marriage in the state, pending a legal appeal by Governor Chris Christie,<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> who then withdrew this appeal hours after the inaugural same-sex marriages took place on October 21, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-DroppedAppeal-296">[294]</a> New Jersey also has some of the most stringent <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> laws in the U.S. These include bans on <a href="/wiki/Assault_weapon" title="Assault weapon">assault firearms</a>, hollow-nose bullets and slingshots. No gun offense in New Jersey is graded less than a felony. <a href="/wiki/BB_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="BB guns">BB guns</a> and black-powder guns are all treated as modern firearms. New Jersey does not recognize out-of-state gun licenses and aggressively enforces its own gun laws.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> In 2020, the state's voting population passed a public question<a href="#cite_note-MJ-298">[296]</a> that amended the state constitution to legalize <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> and erase past legal convictions for possession. The measure passed by a two-thirds vote. At the time the measure was enacted, about a dozen other U.S. states had also legalized the sale and possession of marijuana. As of 2024, local governments and municipalities are still in the process of regulating marijuana-related businesses within their jurisdictions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elections">Elections</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Elections in New Jersey">Elections in New Jersey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_New_Jersey" title="Political party strength in New Jersey">Political party strength in New Jersey</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:276px;max-width:276px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Cory_Booker,_official_portrait,_114th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/132px-Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/198px-Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg/264px-Cory_Booker%2C_official_portrait%2C_114th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="762" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a> Senior <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_George_Helmy_118th_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg/136px-Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg/272px-Senator_George_Helmy_118th_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1164" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/George_Helmy" title="George Helmy">George Helmy</a> (D) Junior <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a></div></div></div></div></div> New Jersey is a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> stronghold. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey Democrats</a> have majority control of both houses of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Legislature" title="New Jersey Legislature">New Jersey Legislature</a> (Senate, 24–16, and Assembly, 46–34), 9–3 split of the state's twelve seats in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>, and both <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> seats. There have been recent Republican governors, however: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Todd_Whitman" title="Christine Todd Whitman">Christine Todd Whitman</a> won election in 1993 and 1997 and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> in 2009 and 2013. In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, having last voted for a Republican for president in 1988. New Jersey was a crucial <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a> in the elections of <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was <a href="/wiki/Clifford_P._Case" title="Clifford P. Case">Clifford P. Case</a> in 1979. Newark Mayor <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> was elected in October 2013 to join <a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Robert Menendez</a> to make New Jersey the first state with concurrently serving black and Latino U.S. senators.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> The state's Democratic strongholds include <a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex County</a> (the state's most Democratic county—it includes <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, the state's largest city), <a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson County</a> (the second-strongest Democratic county, including <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, the state's second-largest city); <a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer County</a> (especially around <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>), <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union County</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a>, the state's fourth-largest city).<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> Other suburban counties, especially <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a>, had the majority of votes go to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. The northwestern and southeastern counties of the state are reliably Republican: Republicans have support along the coast in <a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> as well as in the mountainous northwestern part of the state, especially in <a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren County</a>. To be eligible to vote in a U.S. election, all New Jerseyans are required to start their residency in the state 30 days prior to an election and register 21 days prior to election day.<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capital_punishment">Capital punishment</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_New_Jersey" title="Capital punishment in New Jersey">Capital punishment in New Jersey</a></div> On December 17, 2007, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law a bill that would eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. New Jersey was the first state to pass such legislation since <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> eliminated executions in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> Corzine also signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole".<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boardwalks">Boardwalks</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="People walking along a wide pathway near the ocean on a sunny day" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg/260px-Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg/390px-Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg/520px-Atlantic_City_Boardwalk_view_north_from_Caesars_Atlantic_City_by_Silveira_Neto_June_24_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> boardwalk, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Atlantic_City" title="Caesars Atlantic City">Caesars Atlantic City</a>, opened in 1870, as the world's first <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_(entertainment_district)" title="Boardwalk (entertainment district)">boardwalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtlanticCityBoardwalkWorld'sLongestBusiestOldest1-304">[302]</a> At <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) long, it is also the world's longest and busiest boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-AtlanticCityBoardwalkWorld'sLongestBusiestOldest2-305">[303]</a> New Jersey is home to the world's highest concentration of boardwalks.</figcaption></figure> Many communities along the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a> have a boardwalk with various attractions, entertainment, shopping, dining, arcades, water parks, and amusement parks. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey#Boardwalk" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> boardwalk, opened in 1870, as the world's first <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_(entertainment_district)" title="Boardwalk (entertainment district)">boardwalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AtlanticCityBoardwalkWorld'sLongestBusiestOldest1-304">[302]</a> At <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5+1⁄2 miles (8.9 km) long, it is also the world's longest and busiest boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-Oyster2015-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticCityBoardwalkWorld'sLongestBusiestOldest2-305">[303]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Venue </th> <th>Amusement Park </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Year opened </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_boardwalks_in_the_United_States" title="List of boardwalks in the United States">Asbury Park Boardwalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbury_Splash_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asbury Splash Park (page does not exist)">Asbury Splash Park</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a> </td> <td>1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Boardwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City Boardwalk">Atlantic City Boardwalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steel_Pier" title="Steel Pier">Steel Pier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> </td> <td>1870 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_boardwalks_in_the_United_States" title="List of boardwalks in the United States">Jenkinson's Boardwalk</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_Pleasant_Beach,_New_Jersey" title="Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey">Point Pleasant Beach</a> </td> <td>1928 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_City_Boardwalk_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean City Boardwalk (New Jersey)">Ocean City Boardwalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gillians_Wonderland_Pier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gillians Wonderland Pier">Gillian's Wonderland Pier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Playland%27s_Castaway_Cove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Playland's Castaway Cove (page does not exist)">Playland's Castaway Cove</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean City, New Jersey">Ocean City</a> </td> <td>1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pier_Village" title="Pier Village">Pier Village</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Branch,_New_Jersey" title="Long Branch, New Jersey">Long Branch</a> </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_boardwalks_in_the_United_States" title="List of boardwalks in the United States">Seaside Heights Boardwalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Casino_Pier" title="Casino Pier">Casino Pier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seaside_Heights,_New_Jersey" title="Seaside Heights, New Jersey">Seaside Heights</a> </td> <td>1932 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_boardwalks_in_the_United_States" title="List of boardwalks in the United States">Wildwood Boardwalk</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morey%27s_Piers" title="Morey's Piers">Morey's Piers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Wildwoods" title="The Wildwoods">The Wildwoods</a> </td> <td>1969 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_Jersey" title="List of museums in New Jersey">List of museums in New Jersey</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Museum </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Year opened </th> <th>Type </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Museum" title="New Jersey State Museum">New Jersey State Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> </td> <td>1895 </td> <td>General education </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Mineral_Museum" title="Franklin Mineral Museum">Franklin Mineral Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_New_Jersey" title="Franklin, New Jersey">Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex County</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>Mineral museum </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Science_Center" title="Liberty Science Center">Liberty Science Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_State_Park" title="Liberty State Park">Liberty State Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey City">Jersey City</a> </td> <td>1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Science_museum" title="Science museum">Science museum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maywood_Station_Museum" title="Maywood Station Museum">Maywood Station Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maywood,_New_Jersey" title="Maywood, New Jersey">Maywood</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>Railroad museum </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montclair_Art_Museum" title="Montclair Art Museum">Montclair Art Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montclair,_New_Jersey" title="Montclair, New Jersey">Montclair</a> </td> <td>1914 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">Art museum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Newark Museum">Newark Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> </td> <td>1909 </td> <td>Natural science and art museum </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Art_Museum" title="Princeton University Art Museum">Princeton University Art Museum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a> </td> <td>1884 </td> <td>Art museum </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison_Memorial_Tower_and_Museum" title="Thomas Alva Edison Memorial Tower and Museum">Thomas Edison Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Menlo Park, New Jersey">Menlo Park</a> </td> <td>1938 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> museum </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Park_Service_areas">National Park Service areas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_New_Jersey" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey">List of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_state_parks" title="List of New Jersey state parks">List of New Jersey state parks</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian National Scenic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_of_the_American_Revolution_National_Heritage_Area" title="Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area">Crossroads of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Water_Gap_National_Recreation_Area" title="Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area">Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">Gateway National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Egg_Harbor_River" title="Great Egg Harbor River">Great Egg Harbor National Scenic and Recreational River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown_National_Historical_Park" title="Morristown National Historical Park">Morristown National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinelands_National_Reserve" title="Pinelands National Reserve">New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_(Passaic_River)" title="Great Falls (Passaic River)">Patterson Great Falls National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_National_Monument" title="Statue of Liberty National Monument">Statue of Liberty National Monument</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison_National_Historical_Park" title="Thomas Edison National Historical Park">Thomas Edison National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_concert_venues">Entertainment and concert venues</h3></div> Visitors and residents take advantage of and contribute to performances at the numerous music, theater, and dance companies and venues located throughout the state, including: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Venue </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Year opened </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Center" title="Prudential Center">Prudential Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">Arena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Performing_Arts_Center" title="New Brunswick Performing Arts Center">New Brunswick Performing Arts Center</a> </td> <td>Regional Theater </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PNC_Bank_Arts_Center" title="PNC Bank Arts Center">PNC Bank Arts Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphitheater">Amphitheater</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmdel_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Holmdel Township, New Jersey">Holmdel</a> </td> <td>1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Performing_Arts_Center" title="New Jersey Performing Arts Center">New Jersey Performing Arts Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_concert_halls" title="List of concert halls">Concert Hall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> </td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paper_Mill_Playhouse" title="Paper Mill Playhouse">Paper Mill Playhouse</a> </td> <td>Regional Theater </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Millburn,_New_Jersey" title="Millburn, New Jersey">Millburn</a> </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_Theater_(New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Theater (New Brunswick, New Jersey)">State Theater</a> </td> <td>Regional Theater </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Hall" title="Boardwalk Hall">Boardwalk Hall</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">Arena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> </td> <td>1926 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Mortgage_Pavilion" title="Freedom Mortgage Pavilion">Freedom Mortgage Pavilion</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphitheater">Amphitheater</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> </td> <td>1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CURE_Insurance_Arena" title="CURE Insurance Arena">CURE Insurance Arena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">Arena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> </td> <td>1999 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theme_parks">Theme parks</h3></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:center;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:SFGadv_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyline of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, Ocean County, the world's largest theme park as of 2013 To the far left is Kingda Ka, the world's tallest roller coaster until its closure in 2024."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFGadv_Skyline.jpg/900px-SFGadv_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFGadv_Skyline.jpg/1350px-SFGadv_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SFGadv_Skyline.jpg/1800px-SFGadv_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6392" data-file-height="989" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SFGadv_Skyline.jpg" title="File:SFGadv Skyline.jpg"> </a></div>Skyline of <a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Great_Adventure" title="Six Flags Great Adventure">Six Flags Great Adventure</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Jackson Township, New Jersey">Jackson Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a>, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">theme park</a> as of 2013<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> To the far left is <a href="/wiki/Kingda_Ka" title="Kingda Ka">Kingda Ka</a>, the world's tallest <a href="/wiki/Roller_coaster" title="Roller coaster">roller coaster</a> until its closure in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_New_York_2024-309">[307]</a></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Main park </th> <th>Other parks </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Year opened </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clementon_Amusement_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Clementon Amusement Park">Clementon Amusement Park</a> </td> <td>Splash World </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clementon,_New_Jersey" title="Clementon, New Jersey">Clementon</a> </td> <td>1907 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diggerland" title="Diggerland">Diggerland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin,_New_Jersey" title="West Berlin, New Jersey">West Berlin</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Water_Park" title="DreamWorks Water Park">DreamWorks Waterpark</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a> </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fantasy Island </td> <td>Thundering Surf Water Park </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beach_Haven,_New_Jersey" title="Beach Haven, New Jersey">Beach Haven</a> </td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Funplex (Mount Laurel) </td> <td>The Funplex (<a href="/wiki/East_Hanover_Township,_New_Jersey" title="East Hanover Township, New Jersey">East Hanover</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Laurel,_New_Jersey" title="Mount Laurel, New Jersey">Mount Laurel</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IPlay_America" class="mw-redirect" title="IPlay America">iPlay America</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freehold_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Freehold Township, New Jersey">Freehold</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keansburg Amusement Park </td> <td>Runaway Rapids </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Keansburg,_New_Jersey" title="Keansburg, New Jersey">Keansburg</a> </td> <td>1904 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Make_Believe_(amusement_park)" title="Land of Make Believe (amusement park)">Land of Make Believe</a> </td> <td>Pirate's Cove </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hope_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Hope Township, New Jersey">Hope</a> </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Creek_Waterpark" title="Mountain Creek Waterpark">Mountain Creek Waterpark</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Vernon Township, New Jersey">Vernon</a> </td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_Universe" title="Nickelodeon Universe">Nickelodeon Universe</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="East Rutherford, New Jersey">East Rutherford</a> </td> <td>2019<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Great_Adventure" title="Six Flags Great Adventure">Six Flags Great Adventure</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Six_Flags_Hurricane_Harbor" title="Six Flags Hurricane Harbor">Six Flags Hurricane Harbor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson, New Jersey">Jackson</a> </td> <td>1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Storybook_Land" title="Storybook Land">Storybook Land</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egg_Harbor_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey">Egg Harbor Township</a> </td> <td>1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wild_West_City" title="Wild West City">Wild West City</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanhope,_New_Jersey" title="Stanhope, New Jersey">Stanhope</a> </td> <td>1957 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Jersey" title="Portal:New Jersey">New Jersey portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_Jersey%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New Jersey–related articles">Index of New Jersey–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Jersey" title="List of people from New Jersey">List of people from New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Jersey" title="Outline of New Jersey">Outline of New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-4"><a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_4-0">^</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/nj/about/facts/nickname">The Garden State and Other New Jersey State Nicknames</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902040902/https://www.nj.gov/nj/about/facts/nickname/">Archived</a> September 2, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Robert Lupp, New Jersey Reference Services, New Jersey State Library, October 12, 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-NJCensusfacts-2"><a href="#cite_ref-NJCensusfacts_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34000.html">the original</a> on October 31, 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/bergen-county-leads-population-growth-trend-halts-flow-to-other-parts-of-n-j-1.1532063">the original</a> on March 24, 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/big-office-buildings-look-to-reinvent-themselves-1.1440856">the original</a> on October 26, 2015. 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CNBC.com. July 13, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC.com&rft.atitle=These+are+America%27s+best+states+for+quality+of+life+in+2024&rft.date=2024-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2024%2F07%2F13%2Fbest-states-quality-of-life-america.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NJWealth-21"><a href="#cite_ref-NJWealth_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatie_Kausch2023" class="citation web cs1">Katie Kausch (September 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/data/2023/09/nj-ranks-highest-in-us-for-household-income-see-new-census-list.html">"N.J. ranks highest in U.S. for household income. See new Census list"</a>. NJ Advance Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230915014819/https://www.nj.com/data/2023/09/nj-ranks-highest-in-us-for-household-income-see-new-census-list.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.J.+ranks+highest+in+U.S.+for+household+income.+See+new+Census+list&rft.pub=NJ+Advance+Media&rft.date=2023-09-14&rft.au=Katie+Kausch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fdata%2F2023%2F09%2Fnj-ranks-highest-in-us-for-household-income-see-new-census-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millionaires2-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Millionaires2_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Millionaires2_22-1">b</a> Burrows, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiplinger.com/slideshow/investing/t006-s001-millionaires-america-all-50-states-ranked/index.html">"Millionaires in America 2020: All 50 States Ranked How many millionaires are in America and where do they live? The states with the highest number of millionaire households just might surprise you."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128202009/https://www.kiplinger.com/slideshow/investing/t006-s001-millionaires-america-all-50-states-ranked/index.html">Archived</a> January 28, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiplinger" title="Kiplinger">Kiplinger</a>, May 28, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020. "Millionaire households: 323,443 Total households: 3,312,916 Concentration of millionaires: 9.76%... For the second year in a row, New Jersey is the top spot for millionaires per capita in the U.S. Like Connecticut, New Jersey has a high concentration of millionaires largely thanks to its proximity to New York City." </li> <li id="cite_note-KellyHeyboer20202-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KellyHeyboer20202_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KellyHeyboer20202_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyboer2020" class="citation web cs1">Heyboer, Kelly (September 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/education/2020/09/nj-has-the-best-public-schools-in-the-nation-again-ranking-says.html">"N.J. has the best public schools in the nation – again, ranking says"</a>. 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Retrieved September 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.J.+has+the+best+public+schools+in+the+nation+%E2%80%93+again%2C+ranking+says&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft.aulast=Heyboer&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Feducation%2F2020%2F09%2Fnj-has-the-best-public-schools-in-the-nation-again-ranking-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly_Heyboer2-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly_Heyboer2_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyboer2019" class="citation web cs1">Heyboer, Kelly (September 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904213746/https://www.nj.com/news/2019/09/nj-has-the-best-public-schools-in-the-nation-ranking-says.html">"N.J. has the No. 1 public schools in the nation, ranking says"</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2019/09/nj-has-the-best-public-schools-in-the-nation-ranking-says.html">the original</a> on September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.J.+has+the+No.+1+public+schools+in+the+nation%2C+ranking+says&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Heyboer&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2Fnj-has-the-best-public-schools-in-the-nation-ranking-says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNapoliello2014" class="citation web cs1">Napoliello, Alex (August 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html">"New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says"</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424125215/https://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2019. 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HowStuffWorks, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm">the original</a> on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=united+states+annual+sunshine+map&rft.pub=HowStuffWorks%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.howstuffworks.com%2Funited-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arborday.org/treeinfo/zonelookup.cfm">Hardiness Zone Lookup at</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130324213157/http://www.arborday.org/treeinfo/zonelookup.cfm">Archived</a> March 24, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Arborday.org. 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Retrieved February 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biggest+Cities+in+New+Jersey+%26%23124%3B+2020+Population+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biggestuscities.com%2Fnj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ/PST045222:">April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221230642/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NJ/PST045222">Archived</a> December 21, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, released May 2023. 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Retrieved July 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Areas+and+Components%2C+1999%2C+with+FIPS+codes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Festimates%2Fmetro-city%2F99mfips.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Sweilem, Amira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/data/2022/11/njs-population-center-still-tilts-north-this-town-considers-it-a-badge-of-honor.html">"N.J.'s population center still tilts north. This town considers it a badge of honor."</a>, NJ Advance Media for <a href="/wiki/NJ.com" title="NJ.com">NJ.com</a>, November 27, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "Answer time: East Brunswick has held the statistical center of population title since the 2010 Census.... The U.S. Census runs the calculation every 10 years and it has wobbled around Middlesex County since 1880, straying just once since that time into Somerset County (Warren Township) in 1890. East Brunswick just barely held onto the population center in the 2020 Census calculations.... The new spot is on Hawk Court just off Milltown Road between the NJ Turnpike and Ryders Lane." </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Stirling, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html">"U.S. Census shows East Brunswick as statistical center of N.J."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612191013/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/us_census_shows_nj_turnpike_in.html">Archived</a> June 12, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a>, March 31, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "For any of you who have ever lain awake at night asking: Where, oh where is the statistical center of New Jersey, there really is an answer. Nenninger Lane, East Brunswick. A few hundred feet into the woods along tiny Nenninger, a dead-end road beside the New Jersey Turnpike, sits the heart of the Garden State in terms of population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau." </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104035710/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-72330691.html">"East Brunswick, N.J., Represents State's Population Center."</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a>, March 27, 2001. Retrieved March 10, 2024. "And the center of New Jersey, according to 2000 census data, is a litter-strewn patch of woods on Milltown Road in East Brunswick. 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Retrieved March 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007%E2%80%932022+PIT+Counts+by+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2F2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf">"The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2022+Annual+Homelessness+Assessment+Report+%28AHAR%29+to+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2F2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf">"Immigrants in New Jersey"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818073217/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+New+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanimmigrationcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresearch%2Fimmigrants_in_new_jersey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-doh.state.nj.us/doh-shad/indicator/complete_profile/Demographics.html#:~:text=New%20Jersey%20is%20recognized%20as,not%20speak%20English%20very%20well.">"NJSHAD – Complete Health Indicator Report – Population Demographics"</a>. www-doh.state.nj.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213222905/https://www-doh.state.nj.us/doh-shad/indicator/complete_profile/Demographics.html#:~:text=New%20Jersey%20is%20recognized%20as,not%20speak%20English%20very%20well.">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-doh.state.nj.us&rft.atitle=NJSHAD+%E2%80%93+Complete+Health+Indicator+Report+%E2%80%93+Population+Demographics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-doh.state.nj.us%2Fdoh-shad%2Findicator%2Fcomplete_profile%2FDemographics.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNew%2520Jersey%2520is%2520recognized%2520as%2Cnot%2520speak%2520English%2520very%2520well.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html">"Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census"</a>. census.gov. United States Census Bureau. August 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=Race+and+Ethnicity+in+the+United+States%3A+2010+Census+and+2020+Census&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2Frace-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224151538/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html">"Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States"</a>. December 24, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html">the original</a> on December 24, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Census+Statistics+on+Population+Totals+By+Race%2C+1790+to+1990%2C+and+By+Hispanic+Origin%2C+1970+to+1990%2C+For+The+United+States%2C+Regions%2C+Divisions%2C+and+States&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0056%2Ftwps0056.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusviewer.com/city/NJ">Population of New Jersey: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html">"US Census Bureau 2010 Census"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170522200920/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Census+Bureau+2010+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census%2Fdecade.2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020DP1-99"><a href="#cite_ref-2020DP1_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US34">"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): New Jersey"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418004129/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US34">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+of+General+Population+and+Housing+Characteristics%3A+2020+Demographic+Profile+Data+%28DP-1%29%3A+New+Jersey&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDP2020.DP1%3Fg%3D040XX00US34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiniry,_Laura_2006._pg._3422-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kiniry,_Laura_2006._pg._3422_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kiniry,_Laura_2006._pg._3422_100-1">b</a> Kiniry, Laura. "Moon Handbooks New Jersey", Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006. pg. 34 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56691-949-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56691-949-5">1-56691-949-5</a>. Retrieved April 10, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNieto-Munoz2022" class="citation web cs1">Nieto-Munoz, Sophie (March 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newjerseymonitor.com/2022/03/08/murphy-proposes-another-potential-fund-for-undocumented-immigrants/">"Murphy proposes $53M fund to aid undocumented immigrants"</a>. New Jersey Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213222907/https://newjerseymonitor.com/2022/03/08/murphy-proposes-another-potential-fund-for-undocumented-immigrants/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Jersey+Monitor&rft.atitle=Murphy+proposes+%2453M+fund+to+aid+undocumented+immigrants&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft.aulast=Nieto-Munoz&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewjerseymonitor.com%2F2022%2F03%2F08%2Fmurphy-proposes-another-potential-fund-for-undocumented-immigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/nj_illegal_immigration_level_h.html">"N.J. illegal immigration level holds steady"</a>. February 2, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525203810/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/nj_illegal_immigration_level_h.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N.J.+illegal+immigration+level+holds+steady&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F02%2Fnj_illegal_immigration_level_h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/02/01/iv-state-settlement-patterns/">"Pew Research Center"</a>. February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094322/http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/02/01/iv-state-settlement-patterns/">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewhispanic.org%2F2011%2F02%2F01%2Fiv-state-settlement-patterns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nj1015.com/what-towns-in-new-jersey-are-considered-sanctuary-cities/?trackback=tsmclip">"What towns in New Jersey are considered sanctuary cities?"</a>. New Jersey 101.5—New Jersey News Radio. February 1, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416142829/https://nj1015.com/what-towns-in-new-jersey-are-considered-sanctuary-cities/?trackback=tsmclip">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Jersey+101.5%E2%80%94New+Jersey+News+Radio&rft.atitle=What+towns+in+New+Jersey+are+considered+sanctuary+cities%3F&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnj1015.com%2Fwhat-towns-in-new-jersey-are-considered-sanctuary-cities%2F%3Ftrackback%3Dtsmclip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExner2012" class="citation news cs1">Exner, Rich (June 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">"Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer" title="The Plain Dealer">The Plain Dealer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plain+Dealer&rft.atitle=Americans+under+age+1+now+mostly+minorities%2C+but+not+in+Ohio%3A+Statistical+Snapshot&rft.date=2012-06-03&rft.aulast=Exner&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleveland.com%2Fdatacentral%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F06%2Famericas_under_age_1_populatio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ">US Census Bureasu Quick Facts: New Jersey.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718114426/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NJ">Archived</a> July 18, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> US Department of Commerce. Census Bureau. 2019 Vintage Year Census Estimates. Retrieved August 22, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Koloff, Abbott; and Sheingold, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2016/12/08/census-data-show-growing-diversity-north-jersey/95113992/">"Census data show growing diversity in North Jersey"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004145650/https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2016/12/08/census-data-show-growing-diversity-north-jersey/95113992/">Archived</a> October 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Record_(North_Jersey)" title="The Record (North Jersey)">The Record</a>, December 8, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2023. "North Jersey continues to grow more racially and ethnically diverse with a rise in residents of Asian and Hispanic heritage, bringing the region closer to a point where whites may no longer be a majority of the population. A dozen municipalities in Bergen County saw their Hispanic populations more than double in the first half of this decade while Asian populations in several other towns grew similarly, according to U.S. Census Bureau survey information made public Thursday." </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/jewish/">Religious Landscape Study: Jews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408175102/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/jewish/">Archived</a> April 8, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. Retrieved January 25, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/muslim/">Religious Landscape Study: Muslims</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125192549/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/muslim/">Archived</a> January 25, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. Retrieved January 25, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-Italians-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Italians_110-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.niaf.org/culture/statistics/states-with-the-highest-population-of-italian-americans/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502012855/http://www.niaf.org/culture/statistics/states-with-the-highest-population-of-italian-americans/">Archived</a> May 2, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed April 29, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard_Newman-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Richard_Newman_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Newman2012" class="citation web cs1">Richard Newman (August 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014140239/http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/167951555_Korean_company_to_buy_Fort_Lee_bank_buying_local_lender.html">"Korean company to buy Fort Lee bank"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/business/167951555_Korean_company_to_buy_Fort_Lee_bank_buying_local_lender.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Korean+company+to+buy+Fort+Lee+bank&rft.date=2012-08-30&rft.au=Richard+Newman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F167951555_Korean_company_to_buy_Fort_Lee_bank_buying_local_lender.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?ID=185">The Foreign Born from India in the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426225326/http://www.migrationinformation.org/USfocus/display.cfm?id=185">Archived</a> April 26, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, dated December 1, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t6/tab02.pdf">"Census 2000 PHC-T-6. Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States, Regions, Divisions, States, Puerto Rico, and Places of 100,000 or More Population: Table 2. Percent of Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin, for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States, and for Puerto Rico: 2000"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223205154/http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t6/tab02.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 23, 2010. 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U.S. Census Bureau. June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 20, 2004. 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Retrieved February 11, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.gov/state/elections/voting-information-vote-by-mail.html">"State of New Jersey Department of State"</a>. State of New Jersey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525113011/http://www.nj.gov/state/elections/voting-information-vote-by-mail.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. 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The Indian Express. September 25, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003015530/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/hindu-temple-largest-outside-india-modern-new-jersey-8954200/lite/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=World%27s+largest+Hindu+temple+outside+India+in+modern+era+to+be+inaugurated+on+October+8+in+New+Jersey&rft.date=2023-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fhindu-temple-largest-outside-india-modern-new-jersey-8954200%2Flite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Coyne2008" class="citation news cs1">Kevin Coyne (June 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/15/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/15colnj.html">"Turbans Make Targets, Some Sikhs Find"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211141425/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/15/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/15colnj.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turbans+Make+Targets%2C+Some+Sikhs+Find&rft.date=2008-06-15&rft.au=Kevin+Coyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F15%2Fnyregion%2Fnyregionspecial2%2F15colnj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://40days.homestead.com/Day_22_-_People.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073622/http://40days.homestead.com/Day_22_-_People.pdf">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-BergenCountyKoreanPercentage-128"><a href="#cite_ref-BergenCountyKoreanPercentage_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_O'Neill2015" class="citation web cs1">James O'Neill (February 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/mahwah-library-hosts-korean-tea-ceremony-to-celebrate-new-year-1.1275756">"Mahwah library hosts Korean tea ceremony to celebrate new year"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222201039/http://www.northjersey.com/news/mahwah-library-hosts-korean-tea-ceremony-to-celebrate-new-year-1.1275756">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2015. Retrieved February 22, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mahwah+library+hosts+Korean+tea+ceremony+to+celebrate+new+year&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.au=James+O%27Neill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fmahwah-library-hosts-korean-tea-ceremony-to-celebrate-new-year-1.1275756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-129"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5PSYZMs8TzEC&q=fort+lee+koreatown+pyong+min&pg=PA237">Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3455770lk.html">the original</a> on May 13, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palisades+Park+borough%2C+New+Jersey+QuickLinks&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F34%2F3455770lk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk_Semple2012" class="citation news cs1">Kirk Semple (May 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/19/nyregion/monument-in-palisades-park-nj-irritates-japanese-officials.html">"In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity"</a>. 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Retrieved June 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr64%2Fnvsr64_12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr66%2Fnvsr66_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr67%2Fnvsr67_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2019. 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Retrieved November 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fnvsr%2Fnvsr68%2Fnvsr68_13-508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf">"Data"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved September 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Political+battle+brewing+over+Paterson%27s+plans+for+Hispanic+Heritage+Month+event&rft.date=2014-09-25&rft.au=Joe+Malinconico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitical-battle-brewing-over-paterson-s-plans-for-hispanic-heritage-month-event-1.1096285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiverseJC1-154"><a href="#cite_ref-DiverseJC1_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummer_Dawn_Hortillosa2015" class="citation news cs1">Summer Dawn Hortillosa (February 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/jersey_city_named_most_ethnically_linguistically_d.html">"Jersey City named most diverse city in America: report"</a>. 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Phil Murphy was "honored" to sign the bill, an aide said"</a>. Huffpost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190201035507/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/new-jersey-schools-lgbtq-curriculum_us_5c539cf7e4b01d3c1f11f2c5">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2019. 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National Center for Transgender Equality – New Jersey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131185440/https://transequality.org/documents/state/new-jersey">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Jersey+Birth+Certificate+Laws&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Transgender+Equality+%E2%80%93+New+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransequality.org%2Fdocuments%2Fstate%2Fnew-jersey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew2014-166"><a href="#cite_ref-pew2014_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/new-jersey/">"Religious Landscape Study"</a>. PewForum.org. May 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105211425/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/new-jersey/">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PewForum.org&rft.atitle=Religious+Landscape+Study&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Freligious-landscape-study%2Fstate%2Fnew-jersey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.thearda.com-167"><a href="#cite_ref-www.thearda.com_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217004456/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/34/rcms2010_34_state_adh_2010.asp">"State Membership Report"</a>. The Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/34/rcms2010_34_state_adh_2010.asp">the original</a> on December 17, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Membership+Report&rft.pub=The+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Frcms2010%2Fr%2Fs%2F34%2Frcms2010_34_state_adh_2010.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GurbirGrewalNJ61stAttorneyGeneral-168"><a href="#cite_ref-GurbirGrewalNJ61stAttorneyGeneral_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/oag/newsreleases18/pr20180116a.html">"Gurbir S. Grewal Confirmed as 61st New Jersey Attorney General"</a>. State of New Jersey. January 16, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915122025/https://nj.gov/oag/newsreleases18/pr20180116a.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2018. <q>Gurbir S. Grewal became the 61st Attorney General of the State of New Jersey following the inauguration of Governor Phil Murphy today, January 16, 2018.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gurbir+S.+Grewal+Confirmed+as+61st+New+Jersey+Attorney+General&rft.pub=State+of+New+Jersey&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj.gov%2Foag%2Fnewsreleases18%2Fpr20180116a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivia_Rizzo2019" class="citation web cs1">Olivia Rizzo (May 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524015524/https://www.nj.com/news/2019/05/first-female-muslim-mayor-in-the-us-calls-this-nj-town-home.html">"First female Muslim mayor in the U.S. calls this N.J. town home"</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2019/05/first-female-muslim-mayor-in-the-us-calls-this-nj-town-home.html">the original</a> on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019. <q>She is now the first female South Asian mayor of a New Jersey municipality and the first female Muslim mayor in the state. She is also believed to be the first female Muslim mayor, female Pakistani-American mayor and first female South Asian-American mayor first in the nation, according to Religionnews.com.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+female+Muslim+mayor+in+the+U.S.+calls+this+N.J.+town+home&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.au=Olivia+Rizzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F05%2Ffirst-female-muslim-mayor-in-the-us-calls-this-nj-town-home.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYLargestOrthodoxJewishCommunities-170"><a href="#cite_ref-NYLargestOrthodoxJewishCommunities_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Berger2017" class="citation news cs1">Joseph Berger (August 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html">"An Uneasy Welcome as Ultra-Orthodox Jews Extend Beyond New York"</a>. 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Retrieved October 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Uneasy+Welcome+as+Ultra-Orthodox+Jews+Extend+Beyond+New+York&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft.au=Joseph+Berger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F02%2Fnyregion%2Fultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LargestYeshivaOutsideIsrael-171"><a href="#cite_ref-LargestYeshivaOutsideIsrael_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Strunsky2019" class="citation web cs1">Steve Strunsky (April 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2019/04/lakewood-yeshiva-looks-to-use-old-golf-course-for-new-campus.html">"Lakewood yeshiva looks to use old golf course for new campus"</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416231806/https://www.nj.com/news/2019/04/lakewood-yeshiva-looks-to-use-old-golf-course-for-new-campus.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2023. <q>Beth Medrash Gohova is said to be the world's largest Jewish-affiliated university outside of Israel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lakewood+yeshiva+looks+to+use+old+golf+course+for+new+campus&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.au=Steve+Strunsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2Flakewood-yeshiva-looks-to-use-old-golf-course-for-new-campus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LargestYeshivaNorthAmerica-172"><a href="#cite_ref-LargestYeshivaNorthAmerica_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Stirling2017" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Stirling (August 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/ocean/2017/08/11_ways_lakewood_is_like_nowhere_else_in_nj.html">"10 ways Lakewood is unlike anywhere else in N.J."</a> NJ Advance Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416233313/https://www.nj.com/ocean/2017/08/11_ways_lakewood_is_like_nowhere_else_in_nj.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2019. Retrieved February 24, 2023. <q>The sea change can be pinned to one event: The founding of the Beth Medrash Govoha yeshiva in the mid-20th century. The Orthodox Jewish community has set down roots en masse around the religious school, which is now the largest yeshiva in North America.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+ways+Lakewood+is+unlike+anywhere+else+in+N.J.&rft.pub=NJ+Advance+Media&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft.au=Stephen+Stirling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Focean%2F2017%2F08%2F11_ways_lakewood_is_like_nowhere_else_in_nj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/muslim/">"Muslims By State"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125192549/https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/muslim/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022. 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Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=greatschools.org&rft.atitle=All+school+districts+in+New+Jersey%2C+NJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatschools.org%2Fschools%2Fdistricts%2FNew_Jersey%2FNJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/education/doedata/fact.shtml">"New Jersey Public Schools Fact Sheet"</a>. nj.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617212430/https://www.nj.gov/education/doedata/fact.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nj.gov&rft.atitle=New+Jersey+Public+Schools+Fact+Sheet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Feducation%2Fdoedata%2Ffact.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/education/doedata/enr/index.shtml">"Fall Enrollment Reports"</a>. nj.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617201137/https://www.nj.gov/education/doedata/enr/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nj.gov&rft.atitle=Fall+Enrollment+Reports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Feducation%2Fdoedata%2Fenr%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewJerseyHighestDensityScientistsEngineers-177"><a href="#cite_ref-NewJerseyHighestDensityScientistsEngineers_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/nj/about/facts/timeline/#:~:text=New%20Jersey%20is%20home%20to,anywhere%20else%20in%20the%20world.&text=New%20Jersey%20preserves%20a%20record%2020%2C000%20acres%20of%20farmland.&text=The%20New%20Jersey%20Devils%20wint,the%20Mighty%20Ducks%20of%20Anaheim.">"New Jersey is home to more scientists and engineers per square mile than anywhere else in the world"</a>. State of New Jersey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520051234/https://nj.gov/nj/about/facts/timeline/#:~:text=New%20Jersey%20is%20home%20to,anywhere%20else%20in%20the%20world.&text=New%20Jersey%20preserves%20a%20record%2020%2C000%20acres%20of%20farmland.&text=The%20New%20Jersey%20Devils%20wint,the%20Mighty%20Ducks%20of%20Anaheim.">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2023. 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Education Data Initiative. Retrieved August 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+K-12+Spending+Per+Student&rft.pub=Education+Data+Initiative&rft.date=2024-07-14&rft.au=Melanie+Hanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducationdata.org%2Fpublic-education-spending-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702004654/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html">"Education Spending Per Student by State"</a>. GOVERNING—e.Republic. 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Retrieved August 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+National+University+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Frankings%2Fnational-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForbesPrincetonTopUniversity-181"><a href="#cite_ref-ForbesPrincetonTopUniversity_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKRISTY_BLEIZEFFER2024" class="citation web cs1">KRISTY BLEIZEFFER (September 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poetsandquants.com/2024/09/07/ranking-the-forbes-2024-2025-top-colleges-in-america/#:~:text=Princeton%2520University%2520was%2520ranked%2520the,%E2%80%9CAmerica's%2520Top%2520Colleges%E2%80%9D%2520ranking.">"Ranking: The Forbes 2024-2025 Top Colleges in America"</a>. Poets&Quants. Retrieved September 20, 2024. <q>For the second straight year, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> tops the list in Forbes' "America's Top Colleges" ranking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking%3A+The+Forbes+2024-2025+Top+Colleges+in+America&rft.pub=Poets%26Quants&rft.date=2024-09-07&rft.au=KRISTY+BLEIZEFFER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoetsandquants.com%2F2024%2F09%2F07%2Franking-the-forbes-2024-2025-top-colleges-in-america%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPrinceton%252520University%252520was%252520ranked%252520the%2C%25E2%2580%259CAmerica%27s%252520Top%252520Colleges%25E2%2580%259D%252520ranking.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJPrincetonTopUniversity-182"><a href="#cite_ref-WSJPrincetonTopUniversity_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKRISTY_BLEIZEFFER2024" class="citation web cs1">KRISTY BLEIZEFFER (September 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://poetsandquantsforundergrads.com/news/wall-street-journals-2025-best-colleges-in-america/">"Wall Street Journal's 2025 Best Colleges In America"</a>. Poets&Quants. Retrieved September 20, 2024. <q>Another U.S. college ranking, another first for <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. Princeton topped Wall Street Journal/College Pulse's 2025 Best Colleges in the U.S ranking, released today (September 5). It's the second straight year Princeton has been WSJ's top school — and it continues an impressive winning streak for the private Ivy in New Jersey.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wall+Street+Journal%27s+2025+Best+Colleges+In+America&rft.pub=Poets%26Quants&rft.date=2024-09-05&rft.au=KRISTY+BLEIZEFFER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoetsandquantsforundergrads.com%2Fnews%2Fwall-street-journals-2025-best-colleges-in-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RutgersRef-183"><a href="#cite_ref-RutgersRef_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Alex2013" class="citation web cs1">Patricia Alex (July 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901190055/http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html">"Rutgers a 'world-class university', school president says at merger ceremony"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/education/A_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html">the original</a> on September 1, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rutgers+a+%27world-class+university%27%2C+school+president+says+at+merger+ceremony&rft.date=2013-07-02&rft.au=Patricia+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Feducation%2FA_new_Rutgers_debuts_after_official_merger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Napoliello2014" class="citation web cs1">Alex Napoliello (August 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html">"New Jersey has the best school systems in U.S., report says"</a>. New Jersey On-Line LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140805010719/http://www.nj.com/education/2014/08/new_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Jersey+has+the+best+school+systems+in+U.S.%2C+report+says&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.au=Alex+Napoliello&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Feducation%2F2014%2F08%2Fnew_jersey_has_the_best_school_systems_in_us_report_says.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-a-f-grades-rankings-for-states-on-school-quality/2021/09">"Map: A-F Grades, Rankings for States on School Quality"</a>. Education Week. September 1, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education+Week&rft.atitle=Map%3A+A-F+Grades%2C+Rankings+for+States+on+School+Quality&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edweek.org%2Fpolicy-politics%2Fmap-a-f-grades-rankings-for-states-on-school-quality%2F2021%2F09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/high-schools/americas-top-high-schools-2016">"America's Top High Schools 2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223235147/http://www.newsweek.com/high-schools/americas-top-high-schools-2016">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=America%27s+Top+High+Schools+2016&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fhigh-schools%2Famericas-top-high-schools-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatrobski,_Kristina2023" class="citation web cs1">Watrobski, Kristina (November 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://13wham.com/news/nation-world/new-jersey-drops-basic-skills-requirement-for-new-teachers-caved-to-teacher-union-demands-education-association-reading-writing-math-proficiency-phil-murphy-crisis-in-the-classroom">"New Jersey drops basic skills requirement for new teachers: 'Caved to ... union demands'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WHAM-TV" title="WHAM-TV">WHAM-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203000626/https://13wham.com/news/nation-world/new-jersey-drops-basic-skills-requirement-for-new-teachers-caved-to-teacher-union-demands-education-association-reading-writing-math-proficiency-phil-murphy-crisis-in-the-classroom">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023. <q>Gov. Phil Murphy signed into law Monday the elimination of the state's basic skills test requirement. Passing the exam was previously required for teachers to become certified if they did not score in the top one-third percentile of the SAT, ACT or GRE. Under the new law, teachers can now skip the exam and instead receive an alternate teaching certificate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Jersey+drops+basic+skills+requirement+for+new+teachers%3A+%27Caved+to+...+union+demands%27&rft.pub=WHAM-TV&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.au=Watrobski%2C+Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F13wham.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fnew-jersey-drops-basic-skills-requirement-for-new-teachers-caved-to-teacher-union-demands-education-association-reading-writing-math-proficiency-phil-murphy-crisis-in-the-classroom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/stgdppi3q22.xlsx">"Table 1. Gross Domestic Product by State and Region: Level and Percent Change from Preceding Period"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis">U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329234329/https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?0=1200&isuri=1&reqid=70&step=10&1=1&2=200&3=sic&4=1&5=xx&6=-1&7=-1&8=-1&9=70&10=levels">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1.+Gross+Domestic+Product+by+State+and+Region%3A+Level+and+Percent+Change+from+Preceding+Period&rft.pub=U.S.+Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022-12%2Fstgdppi3q22.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepietro2023" class="citation web cs1">Depietro, Andrew (January 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.creditkarma.com/insights/i/richest-and-poorest-counties-in-us">"Richest and Poorest Counties in the U.S."</a> Intuit Credit Karma. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intuit+Credit+Karma&rft.atitle=Richest+and+Poorest+Counties+in+the+U.S.&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft.aulast=Depietro&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creditkarma.com%2Finsights%2Fi%2Frichest-and-poorest-counties-in-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/current/njtaxratesch.pdf">New Jersey Tax Rate Schedules 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127104339/http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/current/njtaxratesch.pdf">Archived</a> January 27, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Department of Treasury">New Jersey Department of Treasury</a>. Retrieved February 26, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/pubs/sales/su4.pdf">New Jersey Sales Tax Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222042908/http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/pubs/sales/su4.pdf">Archived</a> February 22, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Department of Treasury">New Jersey Department of Treasury</a>. Retrieved February 26, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.gov/njbusiness/financing/uez/">Urban Enterprise Zone Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180314041128/http://www.nj.gov/njbusiness/financing/uez/">Archived</a> March 14, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, State of New Jersey. Retrieved January 8, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.gov/dca/affiliates/uez/publications/pdf/NJUEZ_Locations.pdf">New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone Locations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119223540/https://www.nj.gov/dca/affiliates/uez/publications/pdf/NJUEZ_Locations.pdf">Archived</a> November 19, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Community_Affairs" title="New Jersey Department of Community Affairs">New Jersey Department of Community Affairs</a>, locations as of January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/news/2017/p12272017a.pdf">"NJ Division of Taxation Reminds Consumers & Business Owners That Sales Tax Rate Will Change to 6.625% in the New Year"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180205011020/http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/news/2017/p12272017a.pdf">Archived</a> February 5, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Department of Treasury">New Jersey Department of Treasury</a>, press release dated December 27, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2018. "The New Jersey Division of Taxation is reminding business owners that the State Sales and Use Tax rate will be reduced to 6.625% on Jan. 1, 2018. ... Rates for State Sales Tax in Urban Enterprise Zones also will change on Jan. 1, 2018. The rate in a designated UEZ will be 50 percent of the Sales Tax rate, or 3.3125 percent. The previous UEZ rate was 3.4375 percent." </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://247wallst.com/2011/07/21/108558/3/">"States Where People Pay The Most (And Least) In Taxes"</a>. 24/7 Wall St. July 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517160818/http://247wallst.com/2011/07/21/108558/3/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=States+Where+People+Pay+The+Most+%28And+Least%29+In+Taxes&rft.pub=24%2F7+Wall+St.&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F247wallst.com%2F2011%2F07%2F21%2F108558%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lindabury.com/firm/insights/beware-the-new-jersey-inheritance-tax.html">"Beware the New Jersey Inheritance Tax — February 13, 2019"</a>. February 13, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904000751/https://www.lindabury.com/firm/insights/beware-the-new-jersey-inheritance-tax.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beware+the+New+Jersey+Inheritance+Tax+%E2%80%94+February+13%2C+2019&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lindabury.com%2Ffirm%2Finsights%2Fbeware-the-new-jersey-inheritance-tax.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StayNJ50%PropertyTaxCutSeniorCitizens-197"><a href="#cite_ref-StayNJ50%PropertyTaxCutSeniorCitizens_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/governor/news/news/562023/approved/20230630f.shtml">"Governor Murphy Signs Fiscal Year 2024 Budget into Law"</a>. State of New Jersey. June 30, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704060514/https://nj.gov/governor/news/news/562023/approved/20230630f.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2023. <q>The StayNJ senior property tax credit affordability program expands income limits and modifies ownership requirements with the aim of cutting property taxes in half for many eligible New Jersey seniors by providing a direct credit of up to $6,500 on property tax bills when fully implemented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+Murphy+Signs+Fiscal+Year+2024+Budget+into+Law&rft.pub=State+of+New+Jersey&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj.gov%2Fgovernor%2Fnews%2Fnews%2F562023%2Fapproved%2F20230630f.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Han, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/07/01/murphy-signs-54-billion-budget-staynj-00104514">"New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy signs $54B budget along with 'StayNJ'"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, July 1, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023. "Key to the budget negotiations was the creation of the new property tax relief program for seniors, dubbed StayNJ. The plan will provide tax credits worth half a senior's property tax bill up to $6,500 for incomes up to $500,000. Benefits for the program do not go out until January 2026." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162827/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/07/01/murphy-signs-54-billion-budget-staynj-00104514">Archived</a> July 7, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiernan" class="citation web cs1">Kiernan, John S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wallethub.com/edu/states-most-least-dependent-on-the-federal-government/2700/#main-findings">"2015's States Most & Least Dependent on the Federal Government"</a>. WalletHub. Evolution Finance. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150427004458/http://wallethub.com/edu/states-most-least-dependent-on-the-federal-government/2700/%23main-findings">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WalletHub&rft.atitle=2015%27s+States+Most+%26+Least+Dependent+on+the+Federal+Government&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=John+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwallethub.com%2Fedu%2Fstates-most-least-dependent-on-the-federal-government%2F2700%2F%23main-findings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-taxfoundation-200"><a href="#cite_ref-taxfoundation_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205615/http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/new-jersey">"New Jersey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a>. New Jersey's State and Local Tax Burden Above National Average. 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Retrieved January 3, 2023. <q>In South Jersey, the area has become the "epicenter" of warehouse construction in the greater Philadelphia region.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+details+surge+in+warehouse+construction...&rft.pub=NJ+Spotlight+News&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.au=Jon+Hurdle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.njspotlightnews.org%2F2021%2F05%2Fwarehouses-sprawl-northern-nj-central-nj-newmark-reports-greenfields%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/">"New Jersey leads world in number of scientists, engineers per square mile"</a>. @politifact. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318225324/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2012/sep/06/choose-new-jersey/new-jersey-leads-world-number-scientists-engineers/">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2022. 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More than $6 billion in retail sales happen in Paramus each year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+the+N.J.+town+where+retail+spending+beats+Hollywood+and+tourism+rivals+Disney&rft.pub=New+Jersey+On-Line+LLC&rft.date=2019-03-10&rft.au=Allison+Pries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fbergen%2F2019%2F03%2Fmore-shopping-money-is-spent-in-this-nj-town-than-on-rodeo-drive-take-that-cali.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Duhart2019" class="citation web cs1">Bill Duhart (May 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/business/2019/05/tourism-spending-is-up-in-nj-and-itll-be-even-better-when-american-dream-is-built-murphy-says.html">"Tourism spending is up in N.J., and it'll be even better when American Dream is built, Murphy says"</a>. 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Retrieved April 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star-Ledger&rft.atitle=Gov.+Christie+signs+internet+gambling+into+law&rft.date=2013-02-27&rft.au=Ryan+Hutchins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fpolitics%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F02%2Fgov_christie_signs_internet_ga.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolter2024" class="citation web cs1">Molter, Michael (January 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalsportsbetting.com/news/new-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024/">"New Jersey Sportsbooks Edge Near $12 Billion For 2023"</a>. 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Retrieved January 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegalSportsBetting.com&rft.atitle=New+Jersey+Sportsbooks+Edge+Near+%2412+Billion+For+2023&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.aulast=Molter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalsportsbetting.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-jersey-sportsbooks-edge-near-12-billion-for-2023-01-24-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAriane_de_Vogue_and_Maegan_Vazquez2018" class="citation web cs1">Ariane de Vogue and Maegan Vazquez (May 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html">"Supreme Court lets states legalize sports gambling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514002620/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/politics/sports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019. <q>The 6–3 ruling is a victory for New Jersey and other states who have considered allowing sports gambling as a way to encourage tourism and tax revenue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+lets+states+legalize+sports+gambling&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft.au=Ariane+de+Vogue+and+Maegan+Vazquez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Fsports-betting-ncaa-supreme-court%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankie_Tadded2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Frankie Tadded (July 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states">"New York Leads States in May Sportsbook Handle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218082411/https://www.si.com/betting/2022/07/01/sportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2023. <q>New York posted the highest sportsbook handle for May, followed by New Jersey, Nevada and Pennsylvania.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=New+York+Leads+States+in+May+Sportsbook+Handle&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.au=Frankie+Tadded&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fbetting%2F2022%2F07%2F01%2Fsportsbook-handle-revenue-may-2022-new-york-leads-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/sports-new-jersey-illinois-atlantic-city-2287780f1d9aa12f59cf0ced1f25fca2">"US Online Gambling is Poised for Expansion"</a>. APNews. 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Here are some of NJ's most bizarre official state symbols"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715014108/https://www.app.com/story/news/local/2023/04/03/here-are-some-of-njs-weirdest-official-state-symbols/70046650007/">Archived</a> July 15, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park_Press" title="Asbury Park Press">Asbury Park Press</a>, April 3, 2023. Retrieved April 27, 2023. "There are more symbols but one New Jersey lacks is more surprising. 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New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 401–402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813533254" title="Special:BookSources/9780813533254"><bdi>9780813533254</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405185916/https://books.google.com/books?id=_r9Ni6_u0JEC&pg=PA402">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Image&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Jersey&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pages=401-402&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780813533254&rft.aulast=Rockland&rft.aufirst=Michael+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_r9Ni6_u0JEC%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sjt-255">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sjt_255-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sjt_255-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaffrey2014" class="citation news cs1">Caffrey, Michelle (July 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/washington-township-times/index.ssf/2014/07/the_jersey_joke_rutgers_profes.html">"The Jersey Joke: Rutgers professor recounts long history of New Jersey as a punchline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Jersey_Times" title="South Jersey Times">South Jersey Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424205702/http://www.nj.com/washington-township-times/index.ssf/2014/07/the_jersey_joke_rutgers_profes.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Jersey+Times&rft.atitle=The+Jersey+Joke%3A+Rutgers+professor+recounts+long+history+of+New+Jersey+as+a+punchline&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.aulast=Caffrey&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fwashington-township-times%2Findex.ssf%2F2014%2F07%2Fthe_jersey_joke_rutgers_profes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan2010" class="citation web cs1">Whelan, Aubrey (July 27, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422174238/http://articles.philly.com/2010-07-27/news/24969876_1_real-housewives-new-jersey-turnpike-new-jerseyans">"'Jersey Doesn't Stink' website defends state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.philly.com/2010-07-27/news/24969876_1_real-housewives-new-jersey-turnpike-new-jerseyans">the original</a> on April 22, 2016. 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Retrieved June 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=ON+LANGUAGE%3B+Jersey%27s+Vanishing+%27New%27&rft.date=1995-07-30&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F07%2F30%2Fmagazine%2Fon-language-jersey-s-vanishing-new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/about/overview.html">"Department of Agriculture"</a>. NJ.GOV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113141649/https://www.nj.gov/agriculture/about/overview.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NJ.GOV&rft.atitle=Department+of+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Fagriculture%2Fabout%2Foverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbellsoupcompany.com-259"><a href="#cite_ref-campbellsoupcompany.com_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.campbellsoupcompany.com/about-campbell/">"About Us"</a>. Campbellsoupcompany.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301192232/https://www.campbellsoupcompany.com/about-campbell/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Campbellsoupcompany.com&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.campbellsoupcompany.com%2Fabout-campbell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/goya-foods-opens-largest-corporate-headquarters-in-company-history-to-support-global-expansion-300068190.html">"Goya Foods Opens Largest Corporate Headquarters in Company History to Support Global Expansion"</a> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125155935/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/goya-foods-opens-largest-corporate-headquarters-in-company-history-to-support-global-expansion-300068190.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved October 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goya+Foods+Opens+Largest+Corporate+Headquarters+in+Company+History+to+Support+Global+Expansion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fgoya-foods-opens-largest-corporate-headquarters-in-company-history-to-support-global-expansion-300068190.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/press-releases/hackettstown-us-base">"Mars Wrigley to base U.S. Headquarters in Hackettstown & Newark, New Jersey; Global Headquarters Remain in Chicago"</a>. Mars.com. December 5, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204121059/https://www.mars.com/news-and-stories/press-releases/hackettstown-us-base">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mars.com&rft.atitle=Mars+Wrigley+to+base+U.S.+Headquarters+in+Hackettstown+%26+Newark%2C+New+Jersey%3B+Global+Headquarters+Remain+in+Chicago&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars.com%2Fnews-and-stories%2Fpress-releases%2Fhackettstown-us-base&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verbatimmag.com/28_3.pdf">"Vol. 28/3"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140123095147/http://www.verbatimmag.com/28_3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vol.+28%2F3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verbatimmag.com%2F28_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth2001" class="citation book cs1">Ruth, Amy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tAM5n9JVhYwC&q=queen+latifah+irvington&pg=PA34">Queen Latifah</a>. Twenty-First Century Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822549888" title="Special:BookSources/9780822549888"><bdi>9780822549888</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154024/https://books.google.com/books?id=tAM5n9JVhYwC&q=queen+latifah+irvington&pg=PA34">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Latifah&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780822549888&rft.aulast=Ruth&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtAM5n9JVhYwC%26q%3Dqueen%2Blatifah%2Birvington%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whatsupmag.com/2018/12/03/184732/southside-johnny">"Southside Johnny | What's Up Magazine"</a>. www.whatsupmag.com. December 2, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225051/http://www.whatsupmag.com/2018/12/03/184732/southside-johnny">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whatsupmag.com&rft.atitle=Southside+Johnny+%7C+What%27s+Up+Magazine&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsupmag.com%2F2018%2F12%2F03%2F184732%2Fsouthside-johnny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/04/13/602128269/jon-bon-jovi-reflects-on-a-music-career-that-surpassed-his-wildest-dreams">"Jon Bon Jovi Reflects On A Music Career That Surpassed His 'Wildest Dreams'"</a>. NPR.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917183223/https://www.npr.org/2018/04/13/602128269/jon-bon-jovi-reflects-on-a-music-career-that-surpassed-his-wildest-dreams">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved December 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=Jon+Bon+Jovi+Reflects+On+A+Music+Career+That+Surpassed+His+%27Wildest+Dreams%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F04%2F13%2F602128269%2Fjon-bon-jovi-reflects-on-a-music-career-that-surpassed-his-wildest-dreams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2014/06/20/story-behind-song-livin-prayer/11103409/">"Story Behind the Song: 'Livin on a Prayer'"</a>. The Tennessean. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153322/https://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2014/06/20/story-behind-song-livin-prayer/11103409/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Story+Behind+the+Song%3A+%27Livin+on+a+Prayer%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F2014%2F06%2F20%2Fstory-behind-song-livin-prayer%2F11103409%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGourse2009" class="citation book cs1">Gourse, Leslie (August 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvImwPArpeYC">Sassy: The Life Of Sarah Vaughan</a>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-5114-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-5114-3"><bdi>978-0-7867-5114-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sassy%3A+The+Life+Of+Sarah+Vaughan&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-5114-3&rft.aulast=Gourse&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvImwPArpeYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmann2004" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmann, Frank (November 12, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&q=T-Neck&pg=PA1053">Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135949501" title="Special:BookSources/9781135949501"><bdi>9781135949501</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154023/https://books.google.com/books?id=-FOSAgAAQBAJ&q=T-Neck&pg=PA1053">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Recorded+Sound&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-11-12&rft.isbn=9781135949501&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-FOSAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DT-Neck%26pg%3DPA1053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark2007" class="citation web cs1">Park, Eunnie (March 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bergenfieldalumni.com/news-archive/Gaudio.shtml">"An original 'Jersey Boy' returns to Bergenfield"</a>. Bergenfield HS Alumni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126145033/http://bergenfieldalumni.com/news-archive/Gaudio.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bergenfield+HS+Alumni&rft.atitle=An+original+%27Jersey+Boy%27+returns+to+Bergenfield&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Eunnie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbergenfieldalumni.com%2Fnews-archive%2FGaudio.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2018" class="citation web cs1">George, John (February 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2018/02/22/virtua-flyers-training-facility-voorhees-remodeled.html">"Check out the Flyers renovated & expanded South Jersey training facility"</a>. Philadelphia Business Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225053737/https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2018/02/22/virtua-flyers-training-facility-voorhees-remodeled.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2018. 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"Village residents Tuesday voted 51–35 to change its form of government from a five-member board of trustees to a three-member board of commissioners. The vote in the special election means that Loch Arbour is still a village, at least for now, but the town will have three commissioners elected at the same time every four years.... The special election to change the form of government under the Walsh Act is part of a number of steps being taken in search of an answer to a very high school-tax bill, which residents were forced to take on after the state in 2008 ended a special financial deal the village worked out with Ocean Township a decade ago to keep school taxes low." </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/17086/poll-says-majority-of-americans-opposed-to-abortion-funding-in-health-care-bill">"Poll says majority of Americans opposed to abortion funding in health care bill :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)"</a>. Catholic News Agency. 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Surveyusa.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106172717/http://www.surveyusa.com/50State2005/50StateAbortion0805SortedbyState.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2011. 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November 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+New+York&rft.atitle=Six+Flags+Great+Adventure+announces+end+of+Kingda+Ka+to+make+way+for+new+%E2%80%98record-breaking%27+coaster&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnewyork.com%2Fnew-jersey%2Fsix-flags-great-adventure-kingda-ka-twister-green-lantern%2F5984538%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPries2020" class="citation web cs1">Pries, Allison (September 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2020/09/american-dream-announces-reopening-date-but-its-far-away.html">"American Dream announces reopening date, but it's far away"</a>. The Star-Ledger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904034901/https://www.nj.com/news/2020/09/american-dream-announces-reopening-date-but-its-far-away.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star-Ledger&rft.atitle=American+Dream+announces+reopening+date%2C+but+it%27s+far+away.&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft.aulast=Pries&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F09%2Famerican-dream-announces-reopening-date-but-its-far-away.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPries2019" class="citation web cs1">Pries, Allison (October 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/bergen/2019/10/nickelodeon-theme-park-opens-next-week-at-american-dream-heres-what-itll-cost-to-go.html">"Nickelodeon Universe opens next week at American Dream. Here's what it'll cost to go"</a>. The Star-Ledger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921041229/https://www.nj.com/bergen/2019/10/nickelodeon-theme-park-opens-next-week-at-american-dream-heres-what-itll-cost-to-go.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star-Ledger&rft.atitle=Nickelodeon+Universe+opens+next+week+at+American+Dream.+Here%27s+what+it%27ll+cost+to+go.&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.aulast=Pries&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fbergen%2F2019%2F10%2Fnickelodeon-theme-park-opens-next-week-at-american-dream-heres-what-itll-cost-to-go.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jersey" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> New Jersey at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/New Jersey">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="c:New Jersey">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="n:Category:New Jersey">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="q:New Jersey">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/New Jersey">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/New Jersey">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/New Jersey">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_Jersey" class="extiw" title="voy:New Jersey">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/">Official New Jersey state web site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210218230349/https://www.nj.gov/">Archived</a> February 18, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitnj.org/">New Jersey travel and tourism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206014617/https://www.visitnj.org/">Archived</a> December 6, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> information from the New Jersey Department of State, Division of Travel and Tourism</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221624/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/New_Jersey">New Jersey State Databases</a>—annotated list of searchable databases produced by New Jersey state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110114163158/http://www.njslom.org/types.html">Descriptions of NJ forms of government</a> (township, borough, etc.) from State League of Municipalities</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._government">U.S. government</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507034707/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=NJ">Energy Data & Statistics for New Jersey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821165759/https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=NJ">USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of New Jersey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031213659/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34000.html">US Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=34&StateName=New%20Jersey">USDA New Jersey State Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810153742/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=34&StateName=New%20Jersey">Archived</a> August 10, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.njdigitalhighway.org/">The New Jersey Digital Highway, the statewide cultural heritage portal to digital collections from the state's archives, libraries and museums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213192039/https://njdigitalhighway.org/">Archived</a> February 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/224951">New Jersey</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/new-jersey-state-guide">New Jersey: State Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213180155/https://guides.loc.gov/new-jersey-state-guide">Archived</a> December 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_Jersey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Jersey" title="Template:New Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Jersey" title="Template talk:New Jersey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_Jersey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Jersey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Jersey" title="Outline of New Jersey">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_Jersey%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New Jersey–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Jersey" title="Geography of New Jersey">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Jersey" title="Climate of New Jersey">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Jersey" title="Climate change in New Jersey">climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Jersey" title="Government of New Jersey">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Elections in New Jersey">elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey">Lieutenant Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_Jersey" title="United States congressional delegations from New Jersey">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States senators from New Jersey">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_Jersey" title="List of United States representatives from New Jersey">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Jersey" title="History of New Jersey">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Jersey" title="Law of New Jersey">Law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Jersey" title="List of municipalities in New Jersey">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Jersey" title="Music of New Jersey">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_state_parks" title="List of New Jersey state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Jersey" title="List of people from New Jersey">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_Jersey" title="Sports in New Jersey">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_state_symbols" title="List of New Jersey state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_Jersey" title="Transportation in New Jersey">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Jersey" title="Abortion in New Jersey">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Jersey" title="Cuisine of New Jersey">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Jersey" title="Crime in New Jersey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_New_Jersey" title="Gambling in New Jersey">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_Jersey" title="Gun laws in New Jersey">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Jersey">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Jersey" title="Politics of New Jersey">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Jersey" title="Central Jersey">Central Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware River Region">Delaware River Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Region" title="Gateway Region">Gateway Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Waterfront" title="Hudson Waterfront">Hudson Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93New_Jersey_Highlands" title="New York–New Jersey Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Meadowlands" title="New Jersey Meadowlands">Meadowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Pine_Barrens" title="New Jersey Pine Barrens">New Jersey Pine Barrens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metro area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hudson,_New_Jersey" title="North Hudson, New Jersey">North Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Jersey" title="North Jersey">North Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascack_Valley" title="Pascack Valley">Pascack Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raritan_Bayshore" title="Raritan Bayshore">Raritan Bayshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raritan_River" title="Raritan River">Raritan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylands_Region" title="Skylands Region">Skylands Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Hills" title="Somerset Hills">Somerset Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Shore_Region" title="Southern Shore Region">Southern Shore Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Jersey" title="South Jersey">South Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Tri‑State Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Essex" title="West Essex">West Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hudson,_New_Jersey" title="West Hudson, New Jersey">West Hudson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Jersey" title="List of counties in New Jersey">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic County, New Jersey">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cumberland County, New Jersey">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Essex County, New Jersey">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_New_Jersey" title="Gloucester County, New Jersey">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hudson County, New Jersey">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hunterdon County, New Jersey">Hunterdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Mercer County, New Jersey">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey" title="Morris County, New Jersey">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic County, New Jersey">Passaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_County,_New_Jersey" title="Salem County, New Jersey">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Somerset County, New Jersey">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Sussex County, New Jersey">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey" title="Warren County, New Jersey">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Jersey" title="List of municipalities in New Jersey">Major cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Brick Township, New Jersey">Brick Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill,_New_Jersey" title="Cherry Hill, New Jersey">Cherry Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton,_New_Jersey" title="Clifton, New Jersey">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="East Orange, New Jersey">East Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Somerset_County,_New_Jersey" title="Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey">Franklin Township (Somerset)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey" title="Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey">Hamilton Township (Mercer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Lakewood Township, New Jersey">Lakewood Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="New Brunswick, New Jersey">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean City, New Jersey">Ocean City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey" title="Perth Amboy, New Jersey">Perth Amboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toms_River,_New_Jersey" title="Toms River, New Jersey">Toms River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineland,_New_Jersey" title="Vineland, New Jersey">Vineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbridge Township, New Jersey">Woodbridge Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Jersey" title="Portal:New Jersey">New Jersey portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeastern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_US" title="Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_US" title="Template talk:Northeast US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeastern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Culture" title="Northeastern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Geography" title="Northeastern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Elections" title="Northeastern United States">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#History" title="Northeastern United States">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thirteen_Colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Related Documents</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> (1584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> (1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> (1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> (1630–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> (1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> (1676)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Category:Thirteen Colonies">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000040424706X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157102040">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208379/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4kQMRb7rwyH74JVdbBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042004-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80046086">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941594g">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941594g">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35680168">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge291850&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX458495">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/14012449">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000568356&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564324705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515355306706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a36544c1-cb40-4f44-9e0e-7a5a69e403a8">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04856003?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1039477">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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