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id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhyolite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ريوليت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريوليت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F" title="রায়োলাইট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রায়োলাইট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="रायोलाइट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रायोलाइट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Риолит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Риолит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolita" title="Riolita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riolita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolit" title="Ryolit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ryolit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolit" title="Ryolit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ryolit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolith" title="Rhyolith – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhyolith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BColiit" title="Rüoliit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rüoliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%85%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ρυόλιθος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρυόλιθος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolita" title="Riolita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riolita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolito" title="Riolito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Riolito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erriolita" title="Erriolita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erriolita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ریولیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریولیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhyolite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riail%C3%ADt" title="Riailít – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Riailít" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolita" title="Riolita – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Riolita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AC%B8%EC%95%94" title="유문암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유문암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ռիոլիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիոլիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="रायोलाइट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रायोलाइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpar%C3%ADt" title="Líparít – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líparít" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolite" title="Riolite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riolite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98" title="ריוליט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריוליט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ლიპარიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიპარიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Липарит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Липарит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Липарит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Липарит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolitas" title="Riolitas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Riolitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Риолит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Риолит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryoliet" title="Ryoliet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ryoliet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="流紋岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolitt" title="Ryolitt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ryolitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolitt" title="Rhyolitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rhyolitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liparit" title="Liparit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Liparit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolit" title="Ryolit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryolit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%B3lito" title="Riólito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Riólito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Риолит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риолит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rhyolite" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhyolite" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolit" title="Ryolit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ryolit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Риолит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Риолит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Riolit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryoliitti" title="Ryoliitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryoliitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryolit" title="Ryolit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryolit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyolit" title="Riyolit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Riyolit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Ліпарит – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліпарит" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolit" title="Rhyolit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rhyolit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%B4%8B%E5%B2%A9" title="流紋岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="流紋岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rhyolite (disambiguation)">Rhyolite (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Rhyolite</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color: #cddeff"><b><a href="/wiki/Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">Igneous rock</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg/220px-Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg/330px-Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg/440px-Loebejuener_porphyr_poliert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4331" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Composition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">Felsic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feldspar#Alkali_feldspars" title="Feldspar">alkali feldspar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanidine" title="Sanidine">sanidine</a> and sodic <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Secondary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Texture</th><td class="infobox-data">Glassy or <a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">aphanitic</a>, sometimes <a href="/wiki/Porphyritic" title="Porphyritic">porphyritic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rhyolite</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">RY</span>-ə-lyte</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the most <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a>-rich of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanic rocks</a>. It is generally <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glassy</a> or fine-grained (<a href="/wiki/Aphanitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanitic">aphanitic</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Texture_(geology)" title="Texture (geology)">texture</a>, but may be <a href="/wiki/Porphyritic" title="Porphyritic">porphyritic</a>, containing larger mineral <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phenocryst" title="Phenocryst">phenocrysts</a>) in an otherwise fine-grained <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(geology)" title="Matrix (geology)">groundmass</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> assemblage is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanidine" title="Sanidine">sanidine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Extrusive" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrusive">extrusive</a> equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>. </p><p>Its high silica content makes rhyolitic <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> extremely <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscous</a>. This favors <a href="/wiki/Explosive_eruption" title="Explosive eruption">explosive eruptions</a> over <a href="/wiki/Effusive_eruption" title="Effusive eruption">effusive eruptions</a>, so this type of magma is more often erupted as <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_rock" title="Pyroclastic rock">pyroclastic rock</a> than as <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">lava flows</a>. Rhyolitic ash-flow <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuffs</a> are among the most voluminous of continental <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> formations. </p><p>Rhyolitic tuff has been used extensively for construction. <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, which is rhyolitic <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_glass" title="Volcanic glass">volcanic glass</a>, has been used for tools from prehistoric times to the present day because it can be shaped to an extremely sharp edge. Rhyolitic <a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a> finds use as an <a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">abrasive</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>, and as a <a href="/wiki/Soil_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil amendment">soil amendment</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhyolite_qapf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhyolite_qapf.jpg/220px-Rhyolite_qapf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhyolite_qapf.jpg/330px-Rhyolite_qapf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Rhyolite_qapf.jpg/440px-Rhyolite_qapf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>QAPF diagram with rhyolite field highlighted</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png/220px-TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png/330px-TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png/440px-TAS-Diagramm-rhyolite.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>TAS diagram with rhyolite field highlighted</figcaption></figure> <p>Rhyolite is an <a href="/wiki/Extrusive_rock" title="Extrusive rock">extrusive</a> igneous rock, formed from magma rich in <a href="/wiki/Silicate_mineral" title="Silicate mineral">silica</a> that is extruded from a volcanic vent to cool quickly on the surface rather than slowly in the subsurface. It is generally light in color due to its low content of <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> minerals, and it is typically very fine-grained (<a href="/wiki/Aphanitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanitic">aphanitic</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Glassy_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Glassy phase">glassy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An extrusive igneous rock is classified as rhyolite when <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> constitutes 20% to 60% by volume of its total content of quartz, <a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali feldspar">alkali feldspar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a> (<a href="/wiki/QAPF_diagram" title="QAPF diagram">QAPF</a>) and alkali feldspar makes up 35% to 90% of its total feldspar content. <a href="/wiki/Feldspathoid" title="Feldspathoid">Feldspathoids</a> are not present. This makes rhyolite the extrusive equivalent of granite. However, while the <a href="/wiki/IUGS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUGS">IUGS</a> recommends classifying volcanic rocks on the basis of their mineral composition whenever possible, volcanic rocks are often glassy or so fine-grained that mineral identification is impractical. The rock must then be classified chemically based on its content of silica and <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metal oxide">alkali metal oxides</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potassium_oxide" title="Potassium oxide">K<sub>2</sub>O</a> plus <a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">Na<sub>2</sub>O</a>). Rhyolite is high in silica and total alkali metal oxides, placing it in the R field of the <a href="/wiki/TAS_classification" title="TAS classification">TAS diagram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 140–146">: 140–146 </span></sup> </p><p>The alkali feldspar in rhyolites is <a href="/wiki/Sanidine" title="Sanidine">sanidine</a> or, less commonly, <a href="/wiki/Orthoclase" title="Orthoclase">orthoclase</a>. It is rarely <a href="/wiki/Anorthoclase" title="Anorthoclase">anorthoclase</a>. These feldspar minerals sometimes are present as phenocrysts. The plagioclase is usually <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>-rich (<a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">oligoclase</a> or <a href="/wiki/Andesine" title="Andesine">andesine</a>). <a href="/wiki/Cristobalite" title="Cristobalite">Cristobalite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trydimite" class="mw-redirect" title="Trydimite">trydimite</a> are sometimes present along with the quartz. <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">Biotite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augite" title="Augite">augite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fayalite" title="Fayalite">fayalite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a> are common accessory minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to their high content of silica and low <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> contents, rhyolitic <a href="/wiki/Magmas" class="mw-redirect" title="Magmas">magmas</a> form highly viscous <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lavas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23–26">: 23–26 </span></sup> As a result, many eruptions of rhyolite are highly explosive, and rhyolite occurs more frequently as <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_rock" title="Pyroclastic rock">pyroclastic rock</a> than as <a href="/wiki/Lava_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flow">lava flows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher-schmincke-1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher-schmincke-1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> Rhyolitic ash flow <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuffs</a> are the only volcanic product with volumes rivaling those of <a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">flood basalts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> Rhyolites also occur as <a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">breccias</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">lava domes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">volcanic plugs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dikes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71–72">: 71–72 </span></sup> Rhyolitic lavas erupt at a relatively low temperature of 800 to 1,000 °C (1,470 to 1,830 °F), significantly cooler than basaltic lavas, which typically erupt at temperatures of 1,100 to 1,200 °C (2,010 to 2,190 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p><p>Rhyolites that cool too quickly to grow <a href="/wiki/Crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystals">crystals</a> form a natural glass or vitrophyre, also called <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slower cooling forms microscopic crystals in the lava and results in textures such as flow <a href="/wiki/Foliation_(geology)" title="Foliation (geology)">foliations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spherulite" title="Spherulite">spherulitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nodule_(geology)" title="Nodule (geology)">nodular</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lithophysa" title="Lithophysa">lithophysal</a> structures. Some rhyolite is highly <a href="/wiki/Vesicular_texture" title="Vesicular texture">vesicular</a> <a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peralkaline_rock" title="Peralkaline rock">Peralkaline</a> rhyolites (rhyolites unusually rich in alkali metals) include <a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">comendite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">pantellerite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peralkalinity has significant effects on <a href="/wiki/Lava_morphology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava morphology">lava flow morphology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>, such that peralkaline rhyolites can be 10–30 times more fluid than typical <a href="/wiki/Calc-alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Calc-alkaline">calc-alkaline</a> rhyolites. As a result of their increased fluidity, they are able to form small-scale flow folds, <a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">lava tubes</a> and thin dikes. Peralkaline rhyolites erupt at relatively high temperatures of more than 1,200 °C (2,190 °F). They comprise <a href="/wiki/Bimodal_volcanism" title="Bimodal volcanism">bimodal</a> <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcanoes</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rifts</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Range_(Chilcotin_Plateau)" title="Rainbow Range (Chilcotin Plateau)">Rainbow Range</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilgachuz_Range" title="Ilgachuz Range">Ilgachuz Range</a> and <a href="/wiki/Level_Mountain" title="Level Mountain">Level Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eruptions of rhyolite lava are relatively rare compared to eruptions of less felsic lavas. Only four eruptions of rhyolite have been recorded since the start of the 20th century: at the <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew_Strait" title="St. Andrew Strait">St. Andrew Strait</a> volcano in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novarupta" title="Novarupta">Novarupta</a> volcano in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> as well as at <a href="/wiki/Chait%C3%A9n" title="Chaitén">Chaitén</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cord%C3%B3n_Caulle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordón Caulle">Cordón Caulle</a> volcanoes in southern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Magnall_etal_2017_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magnall_etal_2017-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eruption of Novarupta in 1912 was the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-Fierstein1998_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierstein1998-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began with explosive volcanism that later transitioned to effusive volcanism and the formation of a rhyolite dome in the vent.<sup id="cite_ref-nguyen-etal-2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nguyen-etal-2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrogenesis">Petrogenesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Petrogenesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PinkRhyolite.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PinkRhyolite.tif/lossy-page1-220px-PinkRhyolite.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PinkRhyolite.tif/lossy-page1-330px-PinkRhyolite.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PinkRhyolite.tif/lossy-page1-440px-PinkRhyolite.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Aphanitic rhyolite</figcaption></figure> <p>Rhyolite magmas can be produced by <a href="/wiki/Igneous_differentiation" title="Igneous differentiation">igneous differentiation</a> of a more mafic (silica-poor) magma, through <a href="/wiki/Fractional_crystallization_(geology)" title="Fractional crystallization (geology)">fractional crystallization</a> or by assimilation of melted crustal rock (<a href="/wiki/Anatexis" title="Anatexis">anatexis</a>). Associations of <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">dacites</a>, and rhyolites in similar tectonic settings and with similar chemistry suggests that the rhyolite members were formed by differentiation of mantle-derived <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> magmas at shallow depths. In other cases, the rhyolite appears to be a product of melting of crustal sedimentary rock.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher-schmincke-1984_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher-schmincke-1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> Water vapor plays an important role in lowering the melting point of silicic rock,<sup id="cite_ref-fisher-schmincke-1984_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher-schmincke-1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> and some rhyolitic magmas may have a water content as high as 7–8 weight percent.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-schmincke-2003_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmincke-2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup> </p><p>High-silica rhyolite (HSR), with a silica content of 75 to 77·8% <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">SiO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>, forms a distinctive subgroup within the rhyolites. HSRs are the most <a href="/wiki/Igneous_differentiation" title="Igneous differentiation">evolved</a> of all igneous rocks, with a composition very close to the water-saturated granite <a href="/wiki/Eutectic_system" title="Eutectic system">eutectic</a> and with extreme enrichment in most <a href="/wiki/Incompatible_element" title="Incompatible element">incompatible elements</a>. However, they are highly depleted in <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a>. They are interpreted as products of repeated melting and freezing of granite in the subsurface. HSRs typically erupt in large <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> eruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg/220px-Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg/330px-Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg/440px-Rhyolite_beach_on_Lake_Superior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="2434" /></a><figcaption>Rhyolite beach on Lake Superior</figcaption></figure> <p>Rhyolite is common along <a href="/wiki/Convergent_plate_boundaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Convergent plate boundaries">convergent plate boundaries</a>, where a slab of <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_lithosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic lithosphere">oceanic lithosphere</a> is being <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subducted</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_mantle" title="Earth's mantle">Earth's mantle</a> beneath overriding oceanic or <a href="/wiki/Continental_lithosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental lithosphere">continental lithosphere</a>. It can sometimes be the predominant igneous rock type in these settings. Rhyolite is more common when the overriding <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a> is continental rather than oceanic. The thicker continental crust gives the rising magma more opportunity to differentiate and assimilate crustal rock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009375_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009375-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rhyolite has been found on islands far from land, but such oceanic occurrences are rare.<sup id="cite_ref-Farndon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farndon-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tholeiitic_magma_series" title="Tholeiitic magma series">tholeiitic magmas</a> erupted at volcanic ocean islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, can sometimes differentiate all the way to rhyolite, and about 8% of the volcanic rock in Iceland is rhyolite. However, this is unusual, and the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> (for example) have no known occurrences of rhyolite. The <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_magma_series" title="Alkaline magma series">alkaline magmas</a> of volcanic ocean islands will very occasionally differentiate all the way to peralkaline rhyolites, but differentiation usually ends with <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009318,_369_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009318,_369-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small volumes of rhyolite are sometimes erupted in association with <a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">flood basalts</a>, late in their history and where central volcanic complexes develop.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009381_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009381-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name rhyolite was introduced into <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> in 1860 by the German traveler and geologist <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Richthofen" title="Ferdinand von Richthofen">Ferdinand von Richthofen</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MindMagma_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MindMagma-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the Greek word <i>rhýax</i> ("a stream of lava")<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the rock name suffix "-lite".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">North American pre-historic times</a>, rhyolite was quarried extensively in what is now eastern <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Among the leading quarries was the <a href="/wiki/Carbaugh_Run_Rhyolite_Quarry_Site" title="Carbaugh Run Rhyolite Quarry Site">Carbaugh Run Rhyolite Quarry Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Adams County, Pennsylvania">Adams County</a>. Rhyolite was mined there starting 11,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergus_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergus-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tons of rhyolite were traded across the <a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula" title="Delmarva Peninsula">Delmarva Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fergus_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergus-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because the rhyolite kept a sharp point when <a href="/wiki/Knapping" title="Knapping">knapped</a> and was used to make spear points and arrowheads.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obsidian is usually of rhyolitic composition, and it has been used for tools since prehistoric times.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obsidian scalpels have been investigated for use in delicate surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-obsidian1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obsidian1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pumice, also typically of rhyolitic composition, finds important uses as an <a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">abrasive</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a <a href="/wiki/Soil_amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil amendment">soil amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_pumice_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs_pumice-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhyolitic tuff was used extensively for construction in ancient Rome<sup id="cite_ref-jackson-etal-2005_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-etal-2005-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been used in construction in modern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-schmincke-2003_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmincke-2003-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 138">: 138 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">List of rock types</a> – List of rock types recognized by geologists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderegg" title="Thunderegg">Thunderegg</a> – Nodule-like rock, that is formed within rhyolitic volcanic ash layers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/rhyolite">"rhyolite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=rhyolite&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Frhyolite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhyolite">"rhyolite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=rhyolite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Frhyolite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-rhyolite" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=rhyolite">"rhyolite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=rhyolite&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Drhyolite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blatt-tracy-1996-55-74_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlattTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). <i>Petrology : igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</i> (2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. pp. 55, 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0716724383" title="Special:BookSources/0716724383"><bdi>0716724383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrology+%3A+igneous%2C+sedimentary%2C+and+metamorphic.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=55%2C+74&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0716724383&rft.aulast=Blatt&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_BasStreckeisen1991" class="citation journal cs1">Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>148</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">825–</span>833. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGSoc.148..825L">1991JGSoc.148..825L</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.4446">10.1.1.692.4446</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825">10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28548230">28548230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=The+IUGS+systematics+of+igneous+rocks&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E825-%3C%2Fspan%3E833&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.4446%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28548230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JGSoc.148..825L&rft.aulast=Le+Bas&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=Streckeisen%2C+A.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/3223/1/RR99006.pdf">"Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>British Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>52. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Geological+Survey%3A+Rock+Classification+Scheme&rft.atitle=Rock+Classification+Scheme+-+Vol+1+-+Igneous&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F3223%2F1%2FRR99006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930102012/http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/igneous/igclass.htm">"Classification of igneous rocks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/igneous/igclass.htm">the original</a> on 30 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classification+of+igneous+rocks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeology.csupomona.edu%2Falert%2Figneous%2Figclass.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-philpotts-ague-2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-philpotts-ague-2009_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009" class="citation book cs1">Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). <i>Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology</i> (2nd ed.). 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(1984). <i>Pyroclastic rocks</i>. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3540127569" title="Special:BookSources/3540127569"><bdi>3540127569</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pyroclastic+rocks&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=3540127569&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Richard+V.&rft.au=Schmincke%2C+H.-U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansonSchweickert1982" class="citation journal cs1">Hanson, Richard E.; Schweickert, Richard A. (1 November 1982). 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(1989). 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Southwater. p. 54. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1844762696" title="Special:BookSources/1844762696">1844762696</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009318,_369-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009318,_369_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, pp. 318, 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009381-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009381_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, p. 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichthofen1860" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Richthofen, Ferdinand Freiherrn von (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.c2537786;view=1up;seq=277">"Studien aus den ungarisch-siebenbürgischen Trachytgebirgen"</a> [Studies of the <a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">trachyte</a> mountains of Hungarian Transylvania]. <i>Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt (Wein) [Annals of the Imperial-Royal Geological Institute of Vienna]</i> (in German). <b>11</b>: <span class="nowrap">153–</span>273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jahrbuch+der+Kaiserlich-K%C3%B6niglichen+Geologischen+Reichsanstalt+%28Wein%29+%5BAnnals+of+the+Imperial-Royal+Geological+Institute+of+Vienna%5D&rft.atitle=Studien+aus+den+ungarisch-siebenb%C3%BCrgischen+Trachytgebirgen&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E153-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Richthofen&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand+Freiherrn+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.c2537786%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpsonWeiner1989" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S. C., eds. (1989). <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Vol. 13 (2nd ed.). Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 873.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=873&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MindMagma-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MindMagma_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung,_Davis_A.2003" class="citation book cs1">Young, Davis A. (2003). <i>Mind Over Magma: The Story of Igneous Petrology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-10279-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-10279-1"><bdi>0-691-10279-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+Over+Magma%3A+The+Story+of+Igneous+Petrology&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-691-10279-1&rft.au=Young%2C+Davis+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhyolite">"Definition of RHYOLITE"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>. 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+RHYOLITE&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Frhyolite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lite">"Definition of LITE"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i>. 7 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+LITE&rft.date=2023-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Flite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergus-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fergus_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergus2001" class="citation book cs1">Fergus, Charles (2001). <i>Natural Pennsylvania: Exploring the State Forest Natural Areas</i>. Stackpole Books. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47018498">47018498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Pennsylvania%3A+Exploring+the+State+Forest+Natural+Areas&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47018498&rft.aulast=Fergus&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBricker" class="citation web cs1">Bricker, Dakota. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhs.mercersburg.org/blog/7/">"Snaggy Ridge Indian Rhyolite Quarries"</a>. Mercersburg Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snaggy+Ridge+Indian+Rhyolite+Quarries&rft.pub=Mercersburg+Historical+Society&rft.aulast=Bricker&rft.aufirst=Dakota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmhs.mercersburg.org%2Fblog%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotterell,_BrianKamminga,_Johan1992" class="citation book cs1">Cotterell, Brian; Kamminga, Johan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0-xOM8y6Uc8C&pg=PA127"><i>Mechanics of pre-industrial technology: an introduction to the mechanics of ancient and traditional material culture</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42871-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-42871-2"><bdi>978-0-521-42871-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mechanics+of+pre-industrial+technology%3A+an+introduction+to+the+mechanics+of+ancient+and+traditional+material+culture&rft.pages=127-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-42871-2&rft.au=Cotterell%2C+Brian&rft.au=Kamminga%2C+Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0-xOM8y6Uc8C%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obsidian1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obsidian1_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck1982" class="citation journal cs1">Buck, BA (March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1273673">"Ancient Technology in Contemporary Surgery"</a>. <i>The Western Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>136</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>269. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1273673">1273673</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7046256">7046256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Ancient+Technology+in+Contemporary+Surgery&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E269&rft.date=1982-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1273673%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7046256&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1273673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrasser1990" class="citation book cs1">Grasser, Klaus (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/GATE_buildingWithPumice.pdf"><i>Building with Pumice</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-528-02055-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-528-02055-5"><bdi>3-528-02055-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+with+Pumice&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Deutsche+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Technische+Zusammenarbeit+%28GTZ%29&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3-528-02055-5&rft.aulast=Grasser&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanitarianlibrary.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2014%2F02%2FGATE_buildingWithPumice.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs_pumice-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_pumice_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrangle2012" class="citation web cs1">Crangle, Robert D. Jr. (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/pumice/mcs-2012-pumic.pdf">"Pumice and pumicite – USGS Mineral Resources Program"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pumice+and+pumicite+%E2%80%93+USGS+Mineral+Resources+Program&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Crangle&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fpumice%2Fmcs-2012-pumic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-etal-2005-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jackson-etal-2005_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonMarraHayCawood2005" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, M. D.; Marra, F.; Hay, R. L.; Cawood, C.; Winkler, E. M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2005.00215.x">"The Judicious Selection and Preservation of Tuff and Travertine Building Stone in Ancient Rome*"</a>. <i>Archaeometry</i>. <b>47</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">485–</span>510. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2005.00215.x">10.1111/j.1475-4754.2005.00215.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeometry&rft.atitle=The+Judicious+Selection+and+Preservation+of+Tuff+and+Travertine+Building+Stone+in+Ancient+Rome%2A&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E485-%3C%2Fspan%3E510&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-4754.2005.00215.x&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft.au=Marra%2C+F.&rft.au=Hay%2C+R.+L.&rft.au=Cawood%2C+C.&rft.au=Winkler%2C+E.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1475-4754.2005.00215.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARhyolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite" class="extiw" title="commons:Rhyolite"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Rhyolite</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rhyolite" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rhyolite">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geology.com/rocks/rhyolite.shtml">Geology.com - Rhyolite</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gemstones.com/gemopedia/rhyolite">Gemstones.com - guide and properties chart - Rhyolite</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Igneous_rocks" title="Template:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Igneous_rocks" title="Template talk:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous_rocks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a> classified by <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> content</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Type</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">Ultramafic</a><br /><45% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">Mafic</a><br />45–52% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a><br />52–63% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a>–<a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a><br />63–69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">Felsic</a><br />>69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Volcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Subvolcanic_rock" title="Subvolcanic rock">Subvolcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">Plutonic rocks</a>:</b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase (Dolerite)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Microdiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Microgranodiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhyolite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Microgranite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_rocks88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_type" title="Template:Rock type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_type" title="Template talk:Rock type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_rocks88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of rocks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">Igneous rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adakite" title="Adakite">Adakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar_granite" title="Alkali feldspar granite">Alkali feldspar granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">Anorthosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aplite" title="Aplite">Aplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">Alkali basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_trachyandesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic trachyandesite">Basaltic trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">Mugearite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshonite" title="Shoshonite">Shoshonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">Basanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boninite" title="Boninite">Boninite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonatite" title="Carbonatite">Carbonatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderbite" title="Enderbite">Enderbite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonite" title="Napoleonite">Napoleonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essexite" title="Essexite">Essexite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foidolite" title="Foidolite">Foidolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">Gabbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granophyre" title="Granophyre">Granophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harzburgite" title="Harzburgite">Harzburgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblendite" title="Hornblendite">Hornblendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandite" title="Icelandite">Icelandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">Lamproite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">Lherzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzogranite" title="Monzogranite">Monzogranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzonite" title="Monzonite">Monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">Nepheline syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">Pegmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxenite" title="Pyroxenite">Pyroxenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_diorite" title="Quartz diorite">Quartz diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzonite" title="Quartz monzonite">Quartz monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzolite" title="Quartzolite">Quartzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhyolite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">Comendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">Pantellerite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovite" title="Sovite">Sovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">Syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachylyte">Tachylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrite" title="Tephrite">Tephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">Tonalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">Hawaiite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondhjemite" title="Trondhjemite">Trondhjemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Websterite" title="Websterite">Websterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrlite" title="Wehrlite">Wehrlite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">Sedimentary rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">Argillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">Arkose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">Calcarenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claystone" class="mw-redirect" title="Claystone">Claystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquina" title="Coquina">Coquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamictite" title="Diamictite">Diamictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomite" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomite">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">Dolomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">Evaporite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">Greywacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">Gritstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacolumite" title="Itacolumite">Itacolumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">Laterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumachelle" title="Lumachelle">Lumachelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">Marl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">Mudstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">Phosphorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">Siltstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvinite" title="Sylvinite">Sylvinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillite">Tillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">Travertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">Turbidite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varve" title="Varve">Varve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wackestone" title="Wackestone">Wackestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">Anthracite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclasite" title="Cataclasite">Cataclasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">Eclogite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulite" title="Granulite">Granulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfels" title="Hornfels">Hornfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcflinta" title="Calcflinta">Calcflinta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabirite" title="Itabirite">Itabirite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migmatite" title="Migmatite">Migmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylonite" title="Mylonite">Mylonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Metapelite">Metapelite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metapsammite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metapsammite (page does not exist)">Metapsammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">Phyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudotachylite">Pseudotachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">Schist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">Skarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suevite" title="Suevite">Suevite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonite" title="Tectonite">Tectonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamellite">Adamellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appinite" title="Appinite">Appinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">Aphanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borolanite" title="Borolanite">Borolanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Blue Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidosite" title="Epidosite">Epidosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganister" title="Ganister">Ganister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossan" title="Gossan">Gossan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeitite" title="Jadeitite">Jadeitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperoid" title="Jasperoid">Jasperoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyte" title="Kenyte">Kenyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Larvikite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanite" title="Llanite">Llanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxullianite" title="Luxullianite">Luxullianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangerite" title="Mangerite">Mangerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">Novaculite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietersite" title="Pietersite">Pietersite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolite" title="Pyrolite">Pyrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapakivi_granite" title="Rapakivi granite">Rapakivi granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomb_porphyry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomb porphyry">Rhomb porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodingite" title="Rodingite">Rodingite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">Taconite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">Tachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teschenite" title="Teschenite">Teschenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theralite" title="Theralite">Theralite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakite" title="Unakite">Unakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variolite" title="Variolite">Variolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_(mineral)" title="Wad (mineral)">Wad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Volcanoes521" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Volcanoes" title="Template:Volcanoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Volcanoes" title="Template talk:Volcanoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Volcanoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Volcanoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Volcanoes521" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcanoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinder_cone" title="Cinder cone">Cinder cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_volcano" title="Complex volcano">Complex volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryovolcano" title="Cryovolcano">Cryovolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptoexplosion" title="Cryptoexplosion">Cryptovolcanic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fissure_vent" title="Fissure vent">Fissure vent</a></li> <li>Lava cone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_volcano" title="Mud volcano">Mud volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitic_cone" title="Parasitic cone">Parasitic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyroclastic cone">Pyroclastic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield" title="Pyroclastic shield">Pyroclastic shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">Shield volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somma_volcano" title="Somma volcano">Somma volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">Stratovolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subglacial_volcano" title="Subglacial volcano">Subglacial volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tossol" title="Tossol">Tossol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_cone" title="Volcanic cone">Volcanic cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_tremor" title="Harmonic tremor">Harmonic tremor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/90px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/135px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg/180px-Puu_Oo_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="578" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Volcanic rocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agglomerate" title="Agglomerate">Agglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_andesite" title="Basaltic andesite">Basaltic andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Cinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapilli" title="Lapilli">Lapilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucitite" title="Leucitite">Leucitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rhyolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephra" title="Tephra">Tephra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_fall" title="Pyroclastic fall">Pyroclastic fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">Pyroclastic flow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Lists and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">Hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_volcanoes" title="Lists of volcanoes">Lists of volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanic_eruptions_by_death_toll" title="List of volcanic eruptions by death toll">Eruptions by death toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade_Volcanoes" title="Decade Volcanoes">Decade Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">Volcanic arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_belt" title="Volcanic belt">Volcanic belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">Volcanic field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field" title="Monogenetic volcanic field">monogenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field" title="Polygenetic volcanic field">polygenetic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" title="Category:Volcanoes">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanoes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanoes">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Volcanoes" title="Portal:Volcanoes">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Volcanoes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Volcanoes">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&oldid=1242214186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhyolite&oldid=1242214186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhyolite" title="Category:Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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