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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Semantic Scholar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%83_%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="سيمانتك سكولر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيمانتك سكولر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="সিম্যান্টিক স্কলার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিম্যান্টিক স্কলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="سمانتیک اسکالر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمانتیک اسکالر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시맨틱 스칼라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="सेमैन्टिक स्कॉलर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेमैन्टिक स्कॉलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="סמנטיק סקולר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמנטיק סקולר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เซอมานทิกสกอลาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซอมานทิกสกอลาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Semantic Scholar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="语义学者 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语义学者" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" title="S2CID (identifier) – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="S2CID (identifier)" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22908627#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Search service for journal articles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Semantic Scholar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg/220px-Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg/330px-Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg/440px-Semantic_Scholar_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">Search engine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Institute_for_Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence">Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org">semanticscholar<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">November 2, 2015<span class="noprint">; 9 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015-11-02</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Semantic Scholar</b> is a research tool for scientific literature powered by <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>. It is developed at the <a href="/wiki/Allen_Institute_for_AI" title="Allen Institute for AI">Allen Institute for AI</a> and was publicly released in November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Eunjung_Cha_3Nov2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eunjung_Cha_3Nov2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semantic Scholar uses modern techniques in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> to support the research process, for example by providing automatically generated summaries of scholarly papers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hao_18Nov2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hao_18Nov2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Semantic Scholar team is actively researching the use of artificial intelligence in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human–computer interaction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">information retrieval</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Semantic Scholar began as a database for the topics of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoscience">geoscience</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the system began including <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Biomedical literature">biomedical literature</a> in its corpus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of September 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it includes over 200 million publications from all fields of science.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semantic Scholar provides a one-sentence summary of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific literature</a>. One of its aims was to address the challenge of reading numerous titles and lengthy abstracts on mobile devices.<sup id="cite_ref-Grad_24Nov2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grad_24Nov2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also seeks to ensure that the three million scientific papers published yearly reach readers, since it is estimated that only half of this literature is ever read.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial intelligence is used to capture the essence of a paper, generating it through an "abstractive" technique.<sup id="cite_ref-Hao_18Nov2020_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hao_18Nov2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project uses a combination of <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Machine_vision" title="Machine vision">machine vision</a> to add a layer of <a href="/wiki/Semantic_analysis_(linguistics)" title="Semantic analysis (linguistics)">semantic analysis</a> to the traditional methods of <a href="/wiki/Citation_analysis" title="Citation analysis">citation analysis</a>, and to extract relevant figures, <a href="/wiki/Table_extraction" title="Table extraction">tables</a>, entities, and venues from papers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bohannon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bohannon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another key AI-powered feature is Research Feeds, an adaptive research recommender that uses AI to quickly learn what papers users care about reading and recommends the latest research to help scholars stay up to date. It uses a state-of-the-art paper embedding model trained using contrastive learning to find papers similar to those in each Library folder.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Semantic Scholar also offers Semantic Reader, an augmented reader with the potential to revolutionize scientific reading by making it more accessible and richly contextual.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semantic Reader provides in-line citation cards that allow users to see citations with <a href="/wiki/TL;DR" title="TL;DR">TLDR</a> (short for Too Long, Didn't Read) automatically generated short summaries as they read and skimming highlights that capture key points of a paper so users can digest faster. </p><p>In contrast with <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> and <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>, Semantic Scholar is designed to highlight the most important and influential elements of a paper.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AI technology is designed to identify hidden connections and links between research topics.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the previously cited search engines, Semantic Scholar also exploits graph structures, which include the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Academic" title="Microsoft Academic">Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph</a>, Springer Nature's <a href="/wiki/SciGraph" title="SciGraph">SciGraph</a>, and the Semantic Scholar Corpus (originally a 45 million papers corpus in computer science, neuroscience and biomedicine).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Article_identifier">Article identifier <span class="anchor" id="S2CID"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Article identifier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each paper hosted by Semantic Scholar is assigned a unique <a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">identifier</a> called the Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (abbreviated S2CID). The following entry is an example: </p> <blockquote><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><p><cite id="CITEREFLiuGayleWilder-SmithRocklöv2020" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Ying; Gayle, Albert A; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Rocklöv, Joacim (March 2020). "The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus". <i>Journal of Travel Medicine</i>. <b>27</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjtm%2Ftaaa021">10.1093/jtm/taaa021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32052846">32052846</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211099356">211099356</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Travel+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+reproductive+number+of+COVID-19+is+higher+compared+to+SARS+coronavirus&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211099356%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32052846&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjtm%2Ftaaa021&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Ying&rft.au=Gayle%2C+Albert+A&rft.au=Wilder-Smith%2C+Annelies&rft.au=Rockl%C3%B6v%2C+Joacim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indexing">Indexing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indexing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semantic Scholar is free to use and unlike similar search engines (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a>) does not search for material that is behind a <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This source does make this claim, but as a throwaway line by a non-expert. Can we find a better source? The claim seems false. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One study compared the index scope of Semantic Scholar to Google Scholar, and found that for the papers cited by secondary studies in computer science, the two indices had comparable coverage, each only missing a handful of the papers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_users_and_publications">Number of users and publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Number of users and publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of January 2018, following a 2017 project that added biomedical papers and topic summaries, the Semantic Scholar corpus included more than 40 million papers from <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biomedicine" title="Biomedicine">biomedicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2018, Doug Raymond, who developed <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> initiatives for the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a> platform, was hired to lead the Semantic Scholar project.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of August 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the number of included papers metadata (not the actual PDFs) had grown to more than 173 million<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Academic_Graph" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Academic Graph">Microsoft Academic Graph</a> records.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, a partnership between Semantic Scholar and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press Journals</a> made all articles published under the University of Chicago Press available in the Semantic Scholar corpus.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 2020, Semantic Scholar had indexed 190 million papers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Semantic Scholar reached seven million users per month.<sup id="cite_ref-Grad_24Nov2020_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grad_24Nov2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citation_analysis" title="Citation analysis">Citation analysis</a> – Examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a> – Index of citations between publications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_extraction" title="Knowledge extraction">Knowledge extraction</a> – Creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a> – Quantitative study of scholarly literature</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span 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Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45438-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-45438-8"><bdi>978-3-030-45438-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1164658107">1164658107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Information+Retrieval%3A+42nd+European+Conference+on+IR+Research%2C+ECIR+2020%2C+Lisbon%2C+Portugal%2C+April+14%E2%80%9317%2C+2020%2C+Proceedings%2C+Part+I&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1164658107&rft.isbn=978-3-030-45438-8&rft.aulast=Jose&rft.aufirst=Joemon+M.&rft.au=Yilmaz%2C+Emine&rft.au=Magalh%C3%A3es%2C+Jo%C3%A3o&rft.au=Castells%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Ferro%2C+Nicola&rft.au=Silva%2C+M%C3%A1rio+J.&rft.au=Martins%2C+Fl%C3%A1vio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmar2019" class="citation web cs1">Ammar, Waleed (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329035308/http://labs.semanticscholar.org/corpus/">"Open Research Corpus"</a>. <i>Semantic Scholar Lab Open Research Corpus</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labs.semanticscholar.org/corpus/">the original</a> on 2019-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Semantic+Scholar+Lab+Open+Research+Corpus&rft.atitle=Open+Research+Corpus&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Ammar&rft.aufirst=Waleed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flabs.semanticscholar.org%2Fcorpus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannousse2021" class="citation journal cs1">Hannousse, Abdelhakim (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1049/sfw2.12011">"Searching relevant papers for software engineering secondary studies: Semantic Scholar coverage and identification role"</a>. <i>IET Software</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 126–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1049%2Fsfw2.12011">10.1049/sfw2.12011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-8814">1751-8814</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234053002">234053002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IET+Software&rft.atitle=Searching+relevant+papers+for+software+engineering+secondary+studies%3A+Semantic+Scholar+coverage+and+identification+role&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=126-146&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234053002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1751-8814&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1049%2Fsfw2.12011&rft.aulast=Hannousse&rft.aufirst=Abdelhakim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1049%2Fsfw2.12011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekwire.com/2017/ai2-semantic-scholar-biomedicine/">"AI2 scales up Semantic Scholar search engine to encompass biomedical research"</a>. <i>GeekWire</i>. 2017-10-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120110/https://www.geekwire.com/2017/ai2-semantic-scholar-biomedicine/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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GeekWire. 2018-05-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120907/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/tech-moves-allen-institute-hires-amazon-alexa-machine-learning-leader-microsoft-chairman-takes-new-investor-role/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tech+Moves%3A+Allen+Instititue+Hires+Amazon+Alexa+Machine+Learning+Leader%3B+Microsoft+Chairman+Takes+on+New+Investor+Role%3B+and+More&rft.pub=GeekWire&rft.date=2018-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2018%2Ftech-moves-allen-institute-hires-amazon-alexa-machine-learning-leader-microsoft-chairman-takes-new-investor-role%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/">"Semantic Scholar"</a>. <i>Semantic Scholar</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811212806/https://www.semanticscholar.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Semantic+Scholar&rft.atitle=Semantic+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekwire.com/2018/ai2-joins-forces-microsoft-upgrade-search-tools-scientific-research/">"AI2 joins forces with Microsoft Research to upgrade search tools for scientific studies"</a>. <i>GeekWire</i>. 2018-12-05. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190825181331/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/ai2-joins-forces-microsoft-upgrade-search-tools-scientific-research/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GeekWire&rft.atitle=AI2+joins+forces+with+Microsoft+Research+to+upgrade+search+tools+for+scientific+studies&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2018%2Fai2-joins-forces-microsoft-upgrade-search-tools-scientific-research%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/pr/201215">"The University of Chicago Press joins more than 500 publishers working with Semantic Scholar to improve search and discoverability"</a>. <i>RCNi Company Limited</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RCNi+Company+Limited&rft.atitle=The+University+of+Chicago+Press+joins+more+than+500+publishers+working+with+Semantic+Scholar+to+improve+search+and+discoverability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fjournals%2Fpr%2F201215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2020" class="citation news cs1">Dunn, Adriana (December 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allenai.org/content/docs/Semantic_Scholar_2020_Publisher_Partners.pdf">"Semantic Scholar Adds 25 Million Scientific Papers in 2020 Through New Publisher Partnerships"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Semantic Scholar</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Semantic+Scholar&rft.atitle=Semantic+Scholar+Adds+25+Million+Scientific+Papers+in+2020+Through+New+Publisher+Partnerships&rft.date=2020-12-14&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Adriana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallenai.org%2Fcontent%2Fdocs%2FSemantic_Scholar_2020_Publisher_Partners.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+Scholar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Scholar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the properties: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P6611" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P6611">Semantic Scholar topic ID (P6611)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP6611%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P6611%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P4012" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P4012">Semantic Scholar author ID (P4012)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP4012%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P4012%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P8299" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P8299">Semantic Scholar corpus ID (P8299)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP8299%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P8299%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P4011" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P4011">Semantic Scholar paper ID (P4011)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP4011%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P4011%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org">Official 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href="/wiki/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_publishing" title="Template talk:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academic_publishing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_journal" title="Public health journal">Public health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of 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