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The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/jo%C3%A3oAlfredoBessa" /> <meta name="description" content="Low-velocity impact can cause serious damage to the person or structure that is hit. The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed" /> <title>(PDF) Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids | joão Alfredo Bessa - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/105025859/Low_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733030026000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733030026000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Low-velocity impact can cause serious damage to the person or structure that is hit. The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed situation. Auxetic materials and shear thickening fluids are two types of technologies that have great capabilities to absorb high levels of energy when an impact happens. Accordingly, within this study, the combination of auxetic knits with shear thickening fluids by the pad-dry-cure process was investigated. It was observed that, by applying knits with auxetic patterns produced with denser materials and combined with the shear thickening fluids, high performance in terms of absorbed energy from puncture impact is obtained. The increment rates obtained are higher than 100% when comparing the structures with and without shear thickening fluids.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"joão Alfredo Bessa"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-07-28","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Materials Science","Polymers","Auxetics","Newtonian Fluid","Thickening"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Polymers","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"MDPI AG"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/105025859/Low_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F105025859%2FLow_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F105025859%2FLow_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":104594422,"identifier":"Attachment_104594422","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":105025859,"created_at":"2023-07-28T13:24:00.722-07:00","from_world_paper_id":238007698,"updated_at":"2023-07-28T13:46:06.389-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Low-velocity impact can cause serious damage to the person or structure that is hit. The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed situation. Auxetic materials and shear thickening fluids are two types of technologies that have great capabilities to absorb high levels of energy when an impact happens. Accordingly, within this study, the combination of auxetic knits with shear thickening fluids by the pad-dry-cure process was investigated. It was observed that, by applying knits with auxetic patterns produced with denser materials and combined with the shear thickening fluids, high performance in terms of absorbed energy from puncture impact is obtained. The increment rates obtained are higher than 100% when comparing the structures with and without shear thickening fluids.","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Polymers"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [114245454]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":104594422,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/104594422/mini_magick20230728-1-ydqy1c.png?1690575893" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Low-Velocity Impact Response of Auxetic Seamless Knits Combined with Non-Newtonian Fluids</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114245454" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jo%C3%A3oAlfredoBessa"><img alt="Profile image of joão Alfredo Bessa" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://gravatar.com/avatar/80f4f82d769a33b46a2f9067d223d4dc?s=65" />joão Alfredo Bessa</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Polymers</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Low-velocity impact can cause serious damage to the person or structure that is hit. The development of barriers that can absorb the energy of the impact and, therefore, protect the other side of the impact is the ideal solution for the pointed situation. Auxetic materials and shear thickening fluids are two types of technologies that have great capabilities to absorb high levels of energy when an impact happens. Accordingly, within this study, the combination of auxetic knits with shear thickening fluids by the pad-dry-cure process was investigated. It was observed that, by applying knits with auxetic patterns produced with denser materials and combined with the shear thickening fluids, high performance in terms of absorbed energy from puncture impact is obtained. The increment rates obtained are higher than 100% when comparing the structures with and without shear thickening fluids.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":104594422,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/105025859/Low_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":104594422,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/105025859/Low_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="104594422" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/105025859/Low_Velocity_Impact_Response_of_Auxetic_Seamless_Knits_Combined_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluids" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28333017" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28333017/Improving_the_Impact_Resistance_of_Textile_Structures_by_using_Shear_Thickening_Fluids_A_Review">Improving the Impact Resistance of Textile Structures by using Shear Thickening Fluids: A Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136283" href="https://iitd.academia.edu/BhupendraButola">Bhupendra Butola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improving the Impact Resistance of Textile Structures by using Shear Thickening Fluids: A Review","attachmentId":48666126,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28333017/Improving_the_Impact_Resistance_of_Textile_Structures_by_using_Shear_Thickening_Fluids_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28333017/Improving_the_Impact_Resistance_of_Textile_Structures_by_using_Shear_Thickening_Fluids_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="100573116" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100573116/Impact_Protection_for_Functional_Apparel">Impact Protection for Functional Apparel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13730387" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidTyler2">David Tyler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Whilst good impact protection using materials of 5-10 mm thickness can be achieved, the thickness of the resulting assemblage often creates difficulties of appearance, stiffness and loss of comfort. This creates problems for product developers and users. In the quest for efficient impact protection using thinner materials, research has been directed to understanding the mechanisms that provide protection. This has led to the adoption of a biomimetic approach, with consideration being given to composite materials. The research reported concerns the ability of composites to enhance impact protection without being bulky. The materials under investigation in this research are primarily commercially available in a variety of thicknesses and densities. The composites have been formed using double-sided adhesive tape. The testing work is undertaken using a customised rig that allows the forces and timescales of impacts to be recorded. The performances of the composites are compared with th...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact Protection for Functional Apparel","attachmentId":101358498,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100573116/Impact_Protection_for_Functional_Apparel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100573116/Impact_Protection_for_Functional_Apparel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="94916808" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94916808/Experimental_and_numerical_analysis_of_high_and_low_velocity_impacts_against_neat_and_shear_thickening_fluid_STF_impregnated_weave_fabrics">Experimental and numerical analysis of high and low velocity impacts against neat and shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated weave fabrics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="218253313" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DjalelTria">Djalel Tria</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">EPJ Web of Conferences, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This investigation aims to study the efficiency of STF impregnated plain-weave fabric made of Kevlar under high and low velocity impact conditions. The shear thickening fluid (STF) was prepared by ultrasound irradiation of silica nanoparticles (diameter ≈30 nm) dispersed in liquid polyethylene glycol polymer. STF impregnation effect was determined from single yarn pull-out test and penetration at low velocity using drop weight machine equipped with hemi-spherical penetrator and dynamic force sensor. Force-displacement curves of neat and impregnated Kevlar were analysed and compared. Also, the STF impregnation effect on Kevlar multilayers was analysed from high velocity impact tests using 9mm FMJ bullet at 390 m/s. After impact, Back face deformation (BFD) of neat and impregnated Kevlar layers were measured and compared. Results showed that STF impregnated fabrics have better energy absorption and penetration resistance as compared to neat fabrics without affecting the fabric flexibi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of high and low velocity impacts against neat and shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated weave fabrics","attachmentId":97244252,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94916808/Experimental_and_numerical_analysis_of_high_and_low_velocity_impacts_against_neat_and_shear_thickening_fluid_STF_impregnated_weave_fabrics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94916808/Experimental_and_numerical_analysis_of_high_and_low_velocity_impacts_against_neat_and_shear_thickening_fluid_STF_impregnated_weave_fabrics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="49888633" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49888633/Design_of_3D_knitted_structures_for_impact_absorption_in_sportswear">Design of 3D knitted structures for impact absorption in sportswear</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48998202" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajivPadhye">Rajiv Padhye</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">KnE Engineering</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design of 3D knitted structures for impact absorption in sportswear","attachmentId":68078589,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49888633/Design_of_3D_knitted_structures_for_impact_absorption_in_sportswear","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49888633/Design_of_3D_knitted_structures_for_impact_absorption_in_sportswear"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="50571822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50571822/The_Application_of_Auxetic_Material_for_Protective_Sports_Apparel">The Application of Auxetic Material for Protective Sports Apparel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32092613" href="https://shu.academia.edu/AndrewAlderson">Andrew Alderson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Application of Auxetic Material for Protective Sports Apparel","attachmentId":68502424,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50571822/The_Application_of_Auxetic_Material_for_Protective_Sports_Apparel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50571822/The_Application_of_Auxetic_Material_for_Protective_Sports_Apparel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="118769331" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118769331/Experimental_analysis_of_the_impact_protection_properties_for_Kevlar_fabrics_under_different_orientation_layers_and_non_Newtonian_fluid_compositions">Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75832858" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcosAquin%C3%B3">Marcos Aquinó</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Composite Materials, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Use of colloidal silica suspensions impregnated in Kevlar® fabrics is new avant-garde of protection equipment for stab wounds and piercing objects. Kevlar® fabrics impregnated with non-Newtonian fluids have been used for protection against sharp blows, mainly due to their lightweight, good flexibility, and superior resistance properties. The aims of this investigation are to demonstrate that Kevlar® fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluids could be improved its performance through the use Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, as well as by increasing the concentration of silica nanoparticles in its composition. Friction tests on yarns showed that Kevlar® yarns with shear thickening fluids (sample C3—25% Silica and 75%polyethylene glycol with 38% aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), presented higher strength values (10.5 N) when compared with other samples. Impact resistance tests showed that Kevlar® samples with highest concentration shear thickening fluids nanoparticles and oriented fabric ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental analysis of the impact protection properties for Kevlar® fabrics under different orientation layers and non-Newtonian fluid compositions","attachmentId":114317694,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118769331/Experimental_analysis_of_the_impact_protection_properties_for_Kevlar_fabrics_under_different_orientation_layers_and_non_Newtonian_fluid_compositions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118769331/Experimental_analysis_of_the_impact_protection_properties_for_Kevlar_fabrics_under_different_orientation_layers_and_non_Newtonian_fluid_compositions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2895874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2895874/Impact_Compressive_Behavior_of_Warp_Knitted_Spacer_Fabrics_for_Protective_Applications">Impact Compressive Behavior of Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics for Protective Applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1255658" href="https://donghua.academia.edu/YanpingLiu">Yanping Liu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents a study of the impact compressive behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabrics developed for human body protections. A series of warp-knitted spacer fabrics was produced on a double-needle bar Raschel warp knitting machine by varying their structural parameters, including spacer monofilament inclination and fineness, fabric thickness, and surface layer structure. A drop-weight impact tester was used to test these fabrics with predefined impact energy. The impact process of a typical spacer fabric was analyzed based on its impact contact force-displacement curve, energy absorbed-contact force curve and transmitted force-time curve. The effects of the structural parameters on the impact compressive behavior of the warp-knitted spacer fabrics were also discussed. The relationship between the peak transmitted force and peak contact force was established for these fabrics. The study shows that the warp-knitted spacer fabrics can be used as a type of effective material for human body protection due to their high energy absorption capacity and reduction of the contact peak force. The study also shows that all the structural parameters significantly affect the impact compressive behavior of the warp-knitted spacer fabrics in terms of peak contact force, peak transmitted force, and energy absorbed at different impact compressive stages. According to the results obtained, the warp-knitted spacer fabrics studied can reduce about 33.16% of the peak contact force.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact Compressive Behavior of Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics for Protective Applications","attachmentId":31809910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2895874/Impact_Compressive_Behavior_of_Warp_Knitted_Spacer_Fabrics_for_Protective_Applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2895874/Impact_Compressive_Behavior_of_Warp_Knitted_Spacer_Fabrics_for_Protective_Applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="84089626" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84089626/Ballistic_impact_mechanisms_A_review_on_textiles_and_fibre_reinforced_composites_impact_responses">Ballistic impact mechanisms – A review on textiles and fibre-reinforced composites impact responses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30928953" href="https://univ-lille1.academia.edu/MulatAlubel">Mulat Alubel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Composite Structures, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ballistic impact mechanisms – A review on textiles and fibre-reinforced composites impact responses","attachmentId":89230235,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84089626/Ballistic_impact_mechanisms_A_review_on_textiles_and_fibre_reinforced_composites_impact_responses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84089626/Ballistic_impact_mechanisms_A_review_on_textiles_and_fibre_reinforced_composites_impact_responses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="99469544" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99469544/Statistical_study_of_performance_properties_to_impact_of_Kevlar_woven_impregnated_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluid_NNF_">Statistical study of performance properties to impact of Kevlar® woven impregnated with Non-Newtonian Fluid (NNF)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60537081" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarolinyMinelySantos">Caroliny Minely Santos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical study of performance properties to impact of Kevlar® woven impregnated with Non-Newtonian Fluid (NNF)","attachmentId":100550328,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99469544/Statistical_study_of_performance_properties_to_impact_of_Kevlar_woven_impregnated_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluid_NNF_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99469544/Statistical_study_of_performance_properties_to_impact_of_Kevlar_woven_impregnated_with_Non_Newtonian_Fluid_NNF_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4371594" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4371594/Protective_properties_of_warp_knitted_spacer_fabrics_under_impact_in_hemispherical_form_Part_I_Impact_behavior_analysis_of_a_typical_spacer_fabric">Protective properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics under impact in hemispherical form. Part I: Impact behavior analysis of a typical spacer fabric</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1255658" href="https://donghua.academia.edu/YanpingLiu">Yanping Liu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Textile Research Journal, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents an experimental study of the protective properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics developed for protecting the human body on impact. A drop-weight impact tester was used to test the fabrics in a hemispherical form to simulate the use of impact protectors in real life. The study consists of two parts. The first part, presented in the current paper, focuses on the impact behavior of a typical spacer fabric impacted at different levels of energy. The analysis includes the impact process and the energy absorption and force attenuation properties of the spacer fabric. Frequency domain analysis is also used, to identify the different deformation and damage modes of the fabric under various levels of impact energy. The results show that the impact behavior of the fabric under impact in the hemispherical form is different from that in the planar form. The results also indicate that the curvature of the fabric can reduce energy absorption during the impact process and therefore reduce the force attenuation properties of the spacer fabric. This study provides a better understanding of the protective properties of spacer fabrics. The effect of fabric structural parameters and lamination on the protective properties of spacer fabrics under impact will be presented in Part II.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Protective properties of warp-knitted spacer fabrics under impact in hemispherical form. Part I: Impact behavior analysis of a typical spacer fabric","attachmentId":36875398,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4371594/Protective_properties_of_warp_knitted_spacer_fabrics_under_impact_in_hemispherical_form_Part_I_Impact_behavior_analysis_of_a_typical_spacer_fabric","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4371594/Protective_properties_of_warp_knitted_spacer_fabrics_under_impact_in_hemispherical_form_Part_I_Impact_behavior_analysis_of_a_typical_spacer_fabric"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104594422,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":104594422,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_104594422" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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