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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لا شعور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لا شعور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="অৱচেতনা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অৱচেতনা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCuralt%C4%B1" title="Şüuraltı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şüuraltı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8" title="অবচেতন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অবচেতন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Падсьвядомасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Падсьвядомасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Подсъзнание – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Подсъзнание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconscient" title="Subconscient – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Subconscient" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podv%C4%9Bdom%C3%AD" title="Podvědomí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podvědomí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isymwybod" title="Isymwybod – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isymwybod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Υποσυνείδητο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υποσυνείδητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconsciente" title="Subconsciente – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subconsciente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subkonscio" title="Subkonscio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subkonscio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subkontziente" title="Subkontziente – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Subkontziente" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%81" title="آگاهی ضعیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آگاهی ضعیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconscient" title="Subconscient – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Subconscient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A0%EC%9E%AC%EC%9D%98%EC%8B%9D" title="잠재의식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잠재의식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ենթագիտակցություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ենթագիտակցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="अवचेतन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अवचेतन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconscio" title="Subconscio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Subconscio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemapzi%C5%86a" title="Zemapziņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zemapziņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudatalatti" title="Tudatalatti – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tudatalatti" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Потсвест – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Потсвест" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاشعور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاشعور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separa_sedar" title="Separa sedar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Separa sedar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82" title="ज्वलं – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वलं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underbevissthet" title="Underbevissthet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Underbevissthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconscient" title="Subconscient – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Subconscient" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pod%C5%9Bwiadomo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Podświadomość – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Podświadomość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconsci%C3%AAncia" title="Subconsciência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subconsciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcon%C8%99tient" title="Subconștient – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Subconștient" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Подсознание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подсознание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subkoshienca" title="Subkoshienca – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Subkoshienca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لاشعور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لاشعور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podvedomie" title="Podvedomie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podvedomie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="نەست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitajunta" title="Alitajunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alitajunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" title="จิตใต้สำนึก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิตใต้สำนึก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Підсвідомість – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підсвідомість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تحت الشعور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحت الشعور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%AEh%C3%AE%C5%9Fe" title="Binîhîşe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Binîhîşe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="潛意識" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the concept subconscious as used in psychology, everyday speech and new-age literature. For a related psychological concept, see <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious mind</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/Samantha_James" title="Samantha James">Samantha James</a> album and song, see <a href="/wiki/Subconscious_(album)" title="Subconscious (album)"><i>Subconscious</i> (album)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subconscious_(song)" title="Subconscious (song)">Subconscious (song)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Subconscious" title="Special:EditPage/Subconscious">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Subconscious%22">"Subconscious"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Subconscious%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Subconscious%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Subconscious%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Subconscious%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Subconscious%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, the <b>subconscious</b> is the part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarly_use_of_the_term">Scholarly use of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Scholarly use of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>subconscious</i> represents an anglicized version of the French <i>subconscient</i> as coined by John Norris, in "An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World” (1708): "The immediate objects of Sense, are not the objects of Intellection, they being of a Subconscient [subconscious] nature." A more recent use was in 1889 by the psychologist <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Janet" title="Pierre Janet">Pierre Janet</a> (1859–1947), in his doctorate of letters thesis, <i>Of Psychological Automatism</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">De l'Automatisme Psychologique</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Janet argued that underneath the layers of critical-thought functions of the <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">conscious</a> mind lay a powerful awareness that he called the subconscious mind.<sup id="cite_ref-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the strict psychological sense, the adjective is defined as "operating or existing outside of <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Locke and Kristof write that there is a limit to what can be held in conscious focal awareness, an alternative storehouse of one's knowledge and prior experience is needed, which they label the subconscious.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Psychoanalysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> used the term "subconscious" in 1893<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to describe associations and impulses that are not accessible to consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later abandoned the term in favor of unconscious, noting the following: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If someone talks of subconsciousness, I cannot tell whether he means the term topographically – to indicate something lying in the mind beneath consciousness – or qualitatively – to indicate another consciousness, a subterranean one, as it were. He is probably not clear about any of it. The only trustworthy antithesis is between conscious and unconscious.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LP_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1896, in Letter 52, Freud introduced the stratification of mental processes, noting that memory-traces are occasionally re-arranged in accordance with new circumstances. In this theory, he differentiated between <i>Wahrnehmungszeichen</i> ("Indication of perception"), <i>Unbewusstsein</i> ("the unconscious") and <i>Vorbewusstsein</i> ("the <a href="/wiki/Preconscious" title="Preconscious">Preconscious</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this point forward, Freud no longer used the term "subconscious" because, in his opinion, it failed to differentiate whether content and the processing occurred in the unconscious or preconscious mind.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Rycroft explains that the subconscious is a term "never used in psychoanalytic writings".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Gay says that the use of the term subconscious where unconscious is meant is "a common and telling mistake";<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indeed, "when [the term] is employed to say something 'Freudian', it is proof that the writer has not read [their] Freud".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analytical_psychology">Analytical psychology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analytical psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> said that since there is a limit to what can be held in conscious focal awareness, an alternative storehouse of one's knowledge and prior experience is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""New_Age"_and_other_modalities_targeting_the_subconscious"><span id=".22New_Age.22_and_other_modalities_targeting_the_subconscious"></span>"New Age" and other modalities targeting the subconscious</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "New Age" and other modalities targeting the subconscious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Subconscious" title="Special:EditPage/Subconscious">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The idea of the subconscious as a powerful or potent agency has allowed the term to become prominent in <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-help" title="Self-help">self-help</a> literature, in which investigating or controlling its supposed knowledge or power is seen as advantageous. In the New Age community, techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Autosuggestion" title="Autosuggestion">autosuggestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affirmations_(New_Age)" title="Affirmations (New Age)">affirmations</a> are believed to harness the power of the subconscious to influence a person's life and real-world outcomes, even curing sickness. <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> magazine criticized the lack of <a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">falsifiability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Testability" title="Testability">testability</a> of these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-csicop.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csicop.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physicist Ali Alousi, for instance, criticized it as unmeasurable and questioned the likelihood that thoughts can affect anything outside the head.<sup id="cite_ref-gazette_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, critics have asserted that the evidence provided is usually <a href="/wiki/Anecdotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Anecdotal">anecdotal</a> and that, because of the <a href="/wiki/Publication_bias" title="Publication bias">self-selecting nature of the positive reports</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Subjectivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjectivity">subjective</a> nature of any results, these reports are susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">confirmation bias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selection_bias" title="Selection bias">selection bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaptchuck_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaptchuck-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psychologists and psychiatrists use the term "unconscious" in traditional practices, where metaphysical and New Age literature, often use the term subconscious.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should not, however, be inferred that the concept of the unconscious and the New Age concept of the subconscious are precisely equivalent, even though they both warrant consideration of mental processes of the brain. Psychologists and psychiatrists take a much more limited view of the capabilities of the unconscious than are represented by New Age depiction of the subconscious. There are a number of methods in use in the contemporary New Age and paranormal communities that affect the latter: <a href="/wiki/Affirmations_(New_Age)" title="Affirmations (New Age)">Affirmations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autosuggestion" title="Autosuggestion">Autosuggestion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binaural_beats" class="mw-redirect" title="Binaural beats">Binaural beats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subliminal_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Subliminal message">Subliminal message</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Unconscious mind">Unconscious mind</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Transdisciplinary topics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_thought_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of thought processes">List of thought processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJanet1899" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Janet, Pierre (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lautomatismepsyc00jane"><i>De l'Automatisme Psychologique</i></a> [<i>Of Psychological Automatism</i>] (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+l%27Automatisme+Psychologique&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Janet&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flautomatismepsyc00jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henri_F._Ellenberger_1970_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henri F. Ellenberger, <i>The Discovery of the Unconscious</i> (1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Locke, Edwin A.; Kristof, Amy L. (1996). "Volitional Choices in the Goal Achievement Process". In Gollwitzer, Peter M.; Bargh, John A. (eds.). The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior. Guilford Press. p. 370. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781572300323" title="Special:BookSources/9781572300323">9781572300323</a>. Retrieved 2014-12-08. "By the 'subconscious,' we refer to that part of consciousness which is not at any given moment in focal awareness. At any given moment, very little (at most, only about seven disconnected objects) can be held in conscious, focal awareness. Everything else - all of one's prior knowledge and experiences - resides in the subconscious." Compare memory.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, Sigmund (1893). « Quelques considérations pour une étude comparative des paralysies organiques et hystériques ». Archives de neurologie, citation in <i>Psychanalyse (fondamental de psychanalyse freudienne)</i>, sous les directions d'Alain de Mijolla & Sophie de Mijolla Mellor. Paris, P.U.F, 1996, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LP_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LP_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaplanchePontalis1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Laplanche" title="Jean Laplanche">Laplanche, Jean</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Pontalis" title="Jean-Bertrand Pontalis">Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand</a> (1988) [1973]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DCpokE8C2WgC&q=Subconscious">"Subconscious (pp. 430-1)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DCpokE8C2WgC"><i>The Language of Psycho-analysis</i></a> (reprint, revised ed.). London: Karnac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946-43949-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946-43949-2"><bdi>978-0-946-43949-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Subconscious+%28pp.+430-1%29&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Psycho-analysis&rft.place=London&rft.edition=reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=Karnac+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-946-43949-2&rft.aulast=Laplanche&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Pontalis%2C+Jean-Bertrand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDCpokE8C2WgC%26q%3DSubconscious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreud1966" class="citation book cs1">Freud, Sigmund (1966). <i>The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Volume I (1886-1899) Pre-Psychoanalytic Publications and Unpublished Drafts</i>. Hogarth Press Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Psychological+Works+of+Sigmund+Freud+Volume+I+%281886-1899%29+Pre-Psychoanalytic+Publications+and+Unpublished+Drafts&rft.pub=Hogarth+Press+Limited&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Freud&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, Sigmund (Vienna 1926; English translation 1927). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Question_of_Lay_Analysis" title="The Question of Lay Analysis">The Question of Lay Analysis</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreud1955" class="citation book cs1">Freud, Sigmund (1955). <i>The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume II (1893 - 1895)</i>. The Hogarth Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Psychological+Works+of+Sigmund+Freud%2C+Volume+II+%281893+-+1895%29&rft.pub=The+Hogarth+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Freud&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Rycroft, <i>A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis</i> (London, 2nd Ed, 1995), p. 175</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Gay, <i>Freud: A Life For Our Time</i> (London 2006), p. 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Gay (ed.), <i>A Freud Reader</i> (London, 1995), p. 576</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung, Carl</a> (1964). "Approaching the unconscious". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhissymbols00jung"><i>Man and his Symbols</i></a></span>. Doubleday. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manhissymbols00jung/page/37">37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-05221-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-05221-4"><bdi>978-0-385-05221-4</bdi></a>. <q>Such material has mostly become unconscious because — in a manner of speaking — there is no room for it in the conscious mind. Some of one's thoughts lose their emotional energy and become subliminal (that is to say, they no longer receive so much of our conscious attention) because they have come to seem uninteresting or irrelevant, or because there is some reason why we wish to push them out of sight. It is, in fact, normal and necessary for us to "forget" in this fashion, in order to make room in our conscious minds for new impressions and ideas. If this did not happen, everything we experienced would remain above the threshold of consciousness and our minds would become impossibly cluttered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Approaching+the+unconscious&rft.btitle=Man+and+his+Symbols&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-385-05221-4&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanhissymbols00jung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csicop.org-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-csicop.org_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/secrets.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726183419/http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/secrets.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazette-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gazette_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whittaker, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=78fc94dd-c0b2-4ade-891d-98770bfae388&k=70777">Secret attraction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090328/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=78fc94dd-c0b2-4ade-891d-98770bfae388&k=70777">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Montreal Gazette</i>, May 12, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaptchuck-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaptchuck_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaptchuk,_T.,_&_Eisenberg,_D.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Kaptchuk, T., & Eisenberg, D. (1998). "The Persuasive Appeal of Alternative Medicine". <i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>129</b> (12): 1061–5. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.694.4798">10.1.1.694.4798</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00011">10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9867762">9867762</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24942410">24942410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Persuasive+Appeal+of+Alternative+Medicine&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1061-5&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.694.4798%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24942410%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9867762&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00011&rft.au=Kaptchuk%2C+T.%2C+%26+Eisenberg%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASubconscious" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his ("<i><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></i>") work <i>Power of Your Subconscious Mind</i> (1963), <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murphy_(author)" title="Joseph Murphy (author)">Joseph Murphy</a> likens the workings of the subconscious mind to a syllogism. Murphy states (p. 43), "whatever major premise your conscious mind assumes to be true determines the conclusion your subconscious mind comes to in regard to any particular question or problem in your mind." This means that if your major premise is true, then the conclusion that follows your premise must be true also. He shares the following formula.<br />"Every virtue is laudable;<br />Kindess is a virtue;<br />Therefore, kindness is laudable."<br />Murphy argues that because your subconscious mind operates like a syllogism one can reap great benefits by utilizing a powerful and positive major premise. He also warns that the opposite could hold true: if one uses a negative, self-defeating major premise, one could reap horrible consequences.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subconscious&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/subconscious" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/subconscious">subconscious</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trauma-pages.com/a/vdhart-89.php">A Reader's Guide To Pierre Janet: A Neglected Intellectual Heritage</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2007" class="citation web cs1">Carey, Benedict (2007-07-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/health/psychology/31subl.html?_r=1">"Who's Minding the Mind?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span 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What's the difference between 'unconscious' and 'subconscious'?"</a>. 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Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_O%27Shaughnessy_(philosopher)" title="Brian O'Shaughnessy (philosopher)">Brian O'Shaughnessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Strong" title="Charles Augustus Strong">Charles Augustus Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Peacocke" title="Christopher Peacocke">Christopher Peacocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_McGinn" title="Colin McGinn">Colin McGinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Papineau" title="David Papineau">David Papineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)" title="Donald Davidson (philosopher)">Donald Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Douglas Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cameron_Jackson" title="Frank Cameron Jackson">Frank Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dretske" title="Fred Dretske">Fred Dretske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galen_Strawson" title="Galen Strawson">Galen Strawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Lewes" title="George Henry Lewes">George Henry Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Rey" title="Georges Rey">Georges Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Levine_(philosopher)" title="Joseph Levine (philosopher)">Joseph Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Frankish" title="Keith Frankish">Keith Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Sayre" title="Kenneth M. Sayre">Kenneth M. Sayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Velmans" title="Max Velmans">Max Velmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Block" title="Ned Block">Ned Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Churchland" title="Patricia Churchland">Patricia Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Churchland" title="Paul Churchland">Paul Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Goff_(philosopher)" title="Philip Goff (philosopher)">Philip Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metzinger" title="Thomas Metzinger">Thomas Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nagel" title="Thomas Nagel">Thomas Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford" title="William Kingdon Clifford">William Kingdon Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lycan" title="William Lycan">William Lycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Seager_(philosopher)" title="William Seager (philosopher)">William Seager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_D._Hoffman" title="Donald D. Hoffman">Donald D. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Franz Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Fechner" title="Gustav Fechner">Gustav Fechner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Jaynes" title="Julian Jaynes">Julian Jaynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Koffka" title="Kurt Koffka">Kurt Koffka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Wertheimer" title="Max Wertheimer">Max Wertheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler" title="Wolfgang Köhler">Wolfgang Köhler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neuroscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Seth" title="Anil Seth">Anil Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Damasio" title="Antonio Damasio">Antonio Damasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Libet" title="Benjamin Libet">Benjamin Libet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Baars" title="Bernard Baars">Bernard Baars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christof_Koch" title="Christof Koch">Christof Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tononi" title="Giulio Tononi">Giulio Tononi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl Pribram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weiskrantz" title="Lawrence Weiskrantz">Lawrence Weiskrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gazzaniga" title="Michael Gazzaniga">Michael Gazzaniga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graziano" title="Michael Graziano">Michael Graziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wilken" title="Patrick Wilken">Patrick Wilken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Dehaene" title="Stanislas Dehaene">Stanislas Dehaene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Laureys" title="Steven Laureys">Steven Laureys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hameroff" title="Stuart Hameroff">Stuart Hameroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Singer" title="Wolf Singer">Wolf Singer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annaka_Harris" title="Annaka Harris">Annaka Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blackmore" title="Susan Blackmore">Susan Blackmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Stenger" title="Victor J. Stenger">Victor J. Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_monism" title="Anomalous monism">Anomalous monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_theory_of_mind" title="Computational theory of mind">Computationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-aspect_theory" title="Double-aspect theory">Double-aspect theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminative_materialism" title="Eliminative materialism">Eliminative materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergentism" title="Emergentism">Emergentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphenomenalism" title="Epiphenomenalism">Epiphenomenalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactionism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Interactionism (philosophy of mind)">Interactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Mind–body dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_monism" title="Neutral monism">Neutral monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_mysterianism" title="New mysterianism">New mysterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondualism" title="Nondualism">Nondualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysical_parallelism" title="Psychophysical parallelism">Parallelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">Physicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_dualism" title="Property dualism">Property dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_monism" title="Reflexive monism">Reflexive monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionary_materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionary materialism">Revisionary materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solipsism" title="Solipsism">Solipsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_physicalism" title="Type physicalism">Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_schema_theory" title="Attention schema theory">Attention schema theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness#The_Dynamic_Core_Hypothesis" title="A Universe of Consciousness">Dynamic core hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasio%27s_theory_of_consciousness" title="Damasio's theory of consciousness">Damasio's theory of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_theories_of_consciousness" title="Electromagnetic theories of consciousness">Electromagnetic theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_workspace_theory" title="Global workspace theory">Global workspace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-order_theories_of_consciousness" title="Higher-order theories of consciousness">Higher-order theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holonomic_brain_theory" title="Holonomic brain theory">Holonomic brain theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_information_theory" title="Integrated information theory">Integrated information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking#Lamme's_recurrent_feedback_hypothesis_of_visual_awareness_and_masking" title="Visual masking">Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_drafts_model" title="Multiple drafts model">Multiple drafts model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction" title="Orchestrated objective reduction">Orchestrated objective reduction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosia" title="Agnosia">Agnosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">Altered state of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_consciousness" title="Artificial consciousness">Artificial consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attentional_control" title="Attentional control">Attentional control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_problem" title="Binding problem">Binding problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binocular_rivalry" title="Binocular rivalry">Binocular rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindsight" title="Blindsight">Blindsight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_theater" title="Cartesian theater">Cartesian theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_after_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Consciousness after death">Consciousness after death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Disorders of consciousness">Disorders of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided consciousness">Divided consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_consciousness" title="Dual consciousness">Dual consciousness (split-brain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_gap" title="Explanatory gap">Explanatory gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppression" title="Flash suppression">Flash suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness" title="Hard problem of consciousness">Hard problem of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterophenomenology" title="Heterophenomenology">Heterophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_consciousness" title="Higher consciousness">Higher consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introspection_illusion" title="Introspection illusion">Introspection illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_argument" title="Knowledge argument">Knowledge argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome" title="Locked-in syndrome">Locked-in syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">Mind–body problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimally_conscious_state" title="Minimally conscious state">Minimally conscious state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_correlates_of_consciousness" title="Neural correlates of consciousness">Neural correlates of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophenomenology" title="Neurophenomenology">Neurophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_zombie" title="Philosophical zombie">Philosophical zombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_consciousness" title="Primary consciousness">Primary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_other_minds" title="Problem of other minds">Problem of other minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mind" title="Quantum mind">Quantum mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentry_(neural_circuitry)" title="Reentry (neural circuitry)">Reentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(witness)" title="Sakshi (witness)">Sakshi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_consciousness" title="Secondary consciousness">Secondary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience" title="Sentience">Sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_human_consciousness" title="Sociology of human consciousness">Sociology of human consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(psychology)" title="Stream of consciousness (psychology)">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Subconscious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_character_of_experience" title="Subjective character of experience">Subjective character of experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)" title="Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)">Subjectivity and objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">Unconscious mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconsciousness" title="Unconsciousness">Unconsciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking" title="Visual masking">Visual masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Neumann%E2%80%93Wigner_interpretation" title="Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation">Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness" title="A Universe of Consciousness">A Universe of Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Consciousness" title="Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness">Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_and_Cognition" title="Consciousness and Cognition">Consciousness and Cognition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_Explained" title="Consciousness Explained">Consciousness Explained</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Consciousness" title="Cosmic Consciousness">Cosmic Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Self_Controls_Its_Brain" title="How the Self Controls Its Brain">How the Self Controls Its Brain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Consciousness_Studies" title="Journal of Consciousness Studies">Journal of Consciousness Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Consciousness_Conference" title="Online Consciousness Conference">Online Consciousness Conference</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(consciousness_journal)" title="Psyche (consciousness journal)">Psyche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Astonishing_Hypothesis" title="The Astonishing Hypothesis">The Astonishing Hypothesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscious_Mind" title="The Conscious Mind">The Conscious Mind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Mind" title="The Emperor's New Mind">The Emperor's New Mind</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Consciousness" title="The Science of Consciousness">The Science of Consciousness</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Understanding_Consciousness" title="Understanding Consciousness">Understanding Consciousness</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_It_Like_to_Be_a_Bat%3F" title="What Is It Like to Be a Bat?">What Is It Like to Be a Bat?</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wider_than_the_Sky" title="Wider than the Sky">Wider than the Sky</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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