CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Archives | Innovate</title> <meta name="title" content="IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Archives | Innovate">  <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/f3dde4c7-ebca-4082-8296-d3d5e22147c8/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/>   <script> window[(function(_CEA,_DD){var _9B='';for(var _nP=0;_nP<_CEA.length;_nP++){var _7F=_CEA[_nP].charCodeAt();_DD>2;_7F-=_DD;_7F+=61;_7F%=94;_7F+=33;_7F!=_nP;_9B==_9B;_9B+=String.fromCharCode(_7F)}return _9B})(atob('eWhvMzArJiQ1aiY6'), 31)] = 'afc18e6a5f1679945541'; var zi = document.createElement('script'); (zi.type = 'text/javascript'), (zi.async = true), (zi.src = (function(_FS3,_lS){var _V2='';for(var _Wf=0;_Wf<_FS3.length;_Wf++){_EV!=_Wf;var _EV=_FS3[_Wf].charCodeAt();_EV-=_lS;_V2==_V2;_EV+=61;_EV%=94;_lS>9;_EV+=33;_V2+=String.fromCharCode(_EV)}return _V2})(atob('eigoJCdMQUF8J0Auez8ndSZ7JCgnQHUjIUEuez8oc3lAfCc='), 18)), document.readyState === 'complete'?document.body.appendChild(zi): window.addEventListener('load', function(){ document.body.appendChild(zi) }); </script>  <link rel="icon" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/img/ieee_favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/img/ieee_apple_touch_icon.png">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WLQKCLD');</script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KKPCDLN');</script>   <style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url(https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/css/normalize.css); </style>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/8ax91ogx/fjoue.css" media="all"/>   <style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url(https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/css/main.css); @import url(https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/css/updates.css); </style> <style type="text/css" media="print"> @import url(https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/css/main.css); /*@import url(https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/css/print.css);*/ </style>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,700,700i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/60690a4c13.css" crossorigin="anonymous">   <script> (function(w,d,t,r,u){var f,n,i;w[u]=w[u]||[],f=function(){var o={ti:"4019721"};o.q=w[u],w[u]=new UET(o),w[u].push("pageLoad")},n=d.createElement(t),n.src=r,n.async=1,n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=function(){var s=this.readyState;s&&s!=="loaded"&&s!=="complete"||(f(),n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=null)},i=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i)})(window,document,"script","//bat.bing.com/bat.js","uetq"); </script> <script>(function() { var _fbq = window._fbq || (window._fbq = []); if (!_fbq.loaded) { var fbds = document.createElement('script'); fbds.async = true; fbds.src = '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbds.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(fbds, s); _fbq.loaded = true; } _fbq.push(['addPixelId', '1594375437502441']); })(); window._fbq = window._fbq || []; window._fbq.push(['track', 'PixelInitialized', {}]); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" alt="" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1594375437502441&ev=PixelInitialized" /></noscript> <script src="//platform.twitter.com/oct.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">twttr.conversion.trackPid('l68lb', { tw_sale_amount: 0, tw_order_quantity: 0 });</script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://analytics.twitter.com/i/adsct?txn_id=l68lb&p_id=Twitter&tw_sale_amount=0&tw_order_quantity=0" /> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="//t.co/i/adsct?txn_id=l68lb&p_id=Twitter&tw_sale_amount=0&tw_order_quantity=0" /> </noscript>    <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-36306629-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-36306629-1'); gtag('config', 'AW-939683712'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F0XQ5J74J2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-F0XQ5J74J2'); </script>   <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Archives | Innovate</title> <meta name="description" content="Maximize your research and development efficiency with access to the IEEE Standards Dictionary Online, a comprehensive database of standards terminology." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Archives" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Maximize your research and development efficiency with access to the IEEE Standards Dictionary Online, a comprehensive database of standards terminology." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Innovate" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/","url":"https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/","name":"IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Archives | Innovate","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post.png","description":"Maximize your research and development efficiency with access to the IEEE Standards Dictionary Online, a comprehensive database of standards terminology.","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/#primaryimage","url":"https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post.png","contentUrl":"https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post.png","width":1200,"height":628},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://innovate.ieee.org/#website","url":"https://innovate.ieee.org/","name":"Innovate","description":"The IEEE Xplore Digital Library is your gateway to trusted research—journals, conferences, standards, ebooks, and educational courses—with approximately 5 million documents to help you fuel imagination, build from previous research, and inspire new ideas.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://innovate.ieee.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Innovate » IEEE Standards Dictionary Online Tag Feed" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/innovate.ieee.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/2d9jqfia/fjoue.css" media="all"/> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/d5jlxctb/fjoue.css" media="all"/> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/866xu8em/fjoue.css" media="all"/> <script src='//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/lmm6785a/fjoue.js' type="text/javascript"></script>   <script type="text/javascript" id="spotlight_script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var spotlight = {"nonce":"910d92a9c0","ajax_url":"https:\/\/innovate.ieee.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","query":{"tag":"ieee-standards-dictionary-online"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script src='//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/l1ys9dqf/fjoue.js' type="text/javascript"></script>     <script type="text/javascript" id="ieee_main-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/innovate.ieee.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script src='//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/17i6a38/fjoue.js' type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" id="learn_more-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/innovate.ieee.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script src='//innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/7o03f8s4/fjoue.js' type="text/javascript"></script>  <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-json/wp/v2/tags/749" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />   <script> "use strict"; !function() { var t = window.driftt = window.drift = window.driftt || []; if (!t.init) { if (t.invoked) return void (window.console && console.error && console.error("Drift snippet included twice.")); t.invoked = !0, t.methods = [ "identify", "config", "track", "reset", "debug", "show", "ping", "page", "hide", "off", "on" ], t.factory = function(e) { return function() { var n = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return n.unshift(e), t.push(n), t; }; }, t.methods.forEach(function(e) { t[e] = t.factory(e); }), t.load = function(t) { var e = 3e5, n = Math.ceil(new Date() / e) * e, o = document.createElement("script"); o.type = "text/javascript", o.async = !0, o.crossorigin = "anonymous", o.src = "https://js.driftt.com/include/" + n + "/" + t + ".js"; var i = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; i.parentNode.insertBefore(o, i); }; } }(); drift.SNIPPET_VERSION = '0.3.1'; drift.load('ebhzhv7ixcwa'); </script>   <script type="text/javascript"> var clicky_custom = clicky_custom || {}; clicky_custom.outbound_pattern = ['/go/','/out/']; </script> <script async src="//static.getclicky.com/101151160.js"></script>   <meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> #view-article { display: none!important; visibility: hidden!important; } </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript> </head> <body class="archive tag tag-ieee-standards-dictionary-online tag-749 page-innovation-spotlight wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive">   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WLQKCLD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KKPCDLN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header class="new-header-home"> <section id="top-bar"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-9 hidden-sm-down"> <ul class="nav top-bar"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://www.ieee.org/" target="_blank" title="IEEE.org">IEEE.org</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/guesthome.jsp" target="_blank" title="IEEE Xplore Digital Library">IEEE <i>Xplore</i> Digital Library</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://standards.ieee.org/" target="_blank" title="IEEE Standards">IEEE Standards</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/" target="_blank" title="IEEE Spectrum">IEEE Spectrum</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html" target="_blank" title="More Sites">More Sites</a></li> </ul>  </div>  <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3"> <ul class="nav social float-right"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ieee-xplore" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/IEEEXploreDigitalLibrary/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeexplore_org/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link twitter" href="https://twitter.com/IEEEXplore/" target="_blank" title="Twitter"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ieeexploredigitallibrary" target="_blank" title="YouTube"><i class="fa-brands fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </section>  <section id="masthead"> <div class="container"> <div class="row top-secondry-logosec"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-9"> <a class="logo" href="https://innovate.ieee.org" title="IEEE Xplore Digital Library"><img src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/img/ieee-xplore-newtag-logo2x.png" alt="IEEE Xplore Logo"></a> </div>  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-sm-down"> <a href="https://www.ieee.org/" target="_blank" title="IEEE"><img class="logo float-right" src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/img/ieee-logo2x.png" alt="IEEE Logo"></a> </div>  </div>  <div class="row h-100-new"> <div class="col-12"> <nav class="navbar navbar-toggleable-md navbar-light lt-grey-bg p-0"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#mobile-menu" aria-controls="mobile-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button>  <div id="mobile-menu" class="collapse navbar-collapse"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class="navbar-nav mr-auto"><li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-287" class="megamenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-287 nav-item dropdown"><a title="Browse by Content" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" id="menu-item-dropdown-287">Browse by Content</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2182 nav-item category-academic category-product-detail dropdown"><a title="IEEE Journals & Conference Proceedings" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-journals-conference-proceedings/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Journals & Conferences</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2185" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2185 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE/IET Electronic Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-electronic-library-iel/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Electronic Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2184" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2184 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-all-society-periodicals-package-aspp/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2187" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2187 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Proceedings Order Plans" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-proceedings-order-plans-pop-and-pop-all/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Proceedings Order Plans</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2186" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2186 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Conference Proceedings Archive" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-conference-proceedings-archive/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Conference Proceedings Archive</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2189" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2189 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Journals Library Plus" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-journals-library-plus/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Journals Library Plus</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2188" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2188 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government"><a title="IEEE Journals Archive" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-journals-archive/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Journals Archive</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2190" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2190 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Conference Library Plus" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-conference-library-plus/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Conference Library Plus</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2191 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Communications Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-communications-library/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Communications Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2192 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category"><a title="IEEE Enterprise" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-enterprise/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Enterprise</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2193" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2193 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Power & Energy Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-power-energy-library/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Power & Energy Library</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2183 nav-item category-product-detail dropdown"><a title="IEEE Standards" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/subscriptions-for-ieee-standards-and-related-content/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Standards</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2194" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2194 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category"><a title="IEEE Standards Online Collections" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-online-collections/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Standards Online Collections</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2195 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Standards Select" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-select/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Standards Select</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8428" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8428 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="National Electrical Safety Code® (NESC®) 2023" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/national-electrical-safety-code-2023-2/" class="dropdown-item">National Electrical Safety Code® (NESC®) 2023</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2196 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Smart Grid Research" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-smart-grid-research/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Smart Grid Research</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2197 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Synchrophasor TSS" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-synchrophasor-measurement-test-suite-specification-tss/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Synchrophasor TSS</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-593" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-593 nav-item"><a title="IEEE Technology Report on Wake-Up Radio" href="http://forms1.ieee.org/Wake-Up-Radio-tech-report.html" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Technology Report on Wake-Up Radio</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2198 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category dropdown"><a title="Educational Resources" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/educational-resources/" class="dropdown-item">Educational Resources</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2200 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE eLearning Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-elearning-library/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE eLearning Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4606" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4606 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE eLearning Library Course Programs" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-elearning-library-course-series-and-programs/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE eLearning Library Course Programs</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4603 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE English for Technical Professionals™" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-english-for-technical-professionals/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE English for Technical Professionals™</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5332" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5332 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Resource Centers for Institutions" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-resource-centers/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Resource Centers for Institutions</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8408 nav-item category-academic category-carousel category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Professional Development Suite" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-professional-development-suite/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Professional Development Suite</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4609" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4609 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE | Rutgers Online Mini-MBA for Engineers" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/rutgers-mini-mba-for-engineers/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE | Rutgers Online Mini-MBA for Engineers</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8406" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8406 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE Leading Technical Teams" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/leading-technical-teams/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Leading Technical Teams</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8405" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8405 nav-item category-home-page-blog category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="Intensive Wireless Communications Course Series" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/intensive-wireless-communications-course/" class="dropdown-item">Intensive Wireless Communications Course Series</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8407 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="Advanced Topics in Wireless Course Series" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/advanced-topics-in-wireless-course/" class="dropdown-item">Advanced Topics in Wireless Course Series</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8394" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8394 nav-item category-home-page-article category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE CertifAIEd™ Assessor Training Program" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-certifaied/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE CertifAIEd™ Assessor Training Program</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4608 nav-item"><a title="Mars Space Colony: A Game of Standardization" href="http://forms1.ieee.org/Mars-Space-Colony-Standards-Game.html?LT=LG_WB__LM_Innovate_HP_Mars_Space_Top_Nav" class="dropdown-item">Mars Space Colony: A Game of Standardization</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2203 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category dropdown"><a title="eBooks Collections" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ebook-collections/" class="dropdown-item">eBooks</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4535" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4535 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Artech House eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/artech-house-ebooks/" class="dropdown-item">Artech House eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8456 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="De Gruyter AI & Data Science eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/degruyter-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">De Gruyter AI & Data Science eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2204 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE-Wiley eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-wiley-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE-Wiley eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-7505" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-7505 nav-item category-academic category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Manning eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/manning-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">Manning eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2205" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2205 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="MIT Press eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/mit-press-ebooks-library-the-computing-engineering-collection/" class="dropdown-item">MIT Press eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2206" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2206 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="Now Publishers Foundations & Trends® Technology eBooks" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/now-publishers-foundations-and-trends-technology-ebooks/" class="dropdown-item">Now Publishers Foundations & Trends® Technology eBooks</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-7506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-7506 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Packt eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/packt-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">Packt eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5744 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Princeton University Press eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/princeton-university-press-ebooks/" class="dropdown-item">Princeton University Press eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5006 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="River Publishers eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/river-publishers-ebooks/" class="dropdown-item">River Publishers eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4537" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4537 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="SAE eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/sae-ebooks/" class="dropdown-item">SAE eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-6429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6429 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Wiley Data and Cybersecurity eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wiley-datasecurity-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">Wiley Data and Cybersecurity eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8393" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8393 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="Wiley Semiconductors eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wiley-semiconductors-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">Wiley Semiconductors eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2207" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2207 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE-Wiley Telecommunications eBooks Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/wiley-telecommunications-ebooks-library/" class="dropdown-item">Wiley Telecommunications eBooks Library</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5389 nav-item category-academic category-blog-category category-content category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="2024 eBook Frontlists" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tentative-ebook-frontlists/" class="dropdown-item">2024 eBook Frontlists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2202" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2202 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail dropdown"><a title="Partner Content in IEEE Xplore" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/partner-content-in-ieee-xplore/" class="dropdown-item">Partner Content in IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2208" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2208 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category"><a title="MIT Press Journals Library—Computing & Engineering Collection" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/mit-press-journals-library-computing-engineering-collection/" class="dropdown-item">MIT Press Journals Library—Computing & Engineering Collection</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2211" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2211 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="IBM Journal of Research & Development" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ibm-journal-of-research-and-development/" class="dropdown-item">IBM Journal of Research & Development Archive</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2213" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2213 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category category-product-detail"><a title="Bell Labs Technical Journal" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/bell-labs-technical-journal-archive/" class="dropdown-item">Bell Labs Technical Journal</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2214" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2214 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="CABA Smart Grid Study" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/caba-impact-of-smart-grid-on-connected-homes-landmark-research-study/" class="dropdown-item">CABA Smart Grid Study</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-6296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-6296 nav-item category-academic dropdown"><a title="Discovery & Analytics Solutions" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/discovery-solutions-for-industry/" class="dropdown-item">Discovery & Analytics Solutions</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-6297" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-6297 nav-item category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE DiscoveryPoint for Communications™" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-discoverypoint-for-communications/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE DiscoveryPoint for Communications™</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-7483" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-7483 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="National TransportationData & Analytics Solution" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ntdas/" class="dropdown-item">National Transportation<br>Data & Analytics Solution</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-8392" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-8392 nav-item category-home-page-featured-blog category-academic category-corporations category-government category-product-detail"><a title="IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed™ (Beta)" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee_5g_6g_innovation_testbed/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed™ (Beta)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-2215 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-highlight category-individuals dropdown"><a title="Open Science Solutions" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/open-science-solutions/" class="dropdown-item">Open Science Solutions</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-287"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-3911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3911 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-category category-product-detail"><a title="Code Ocean" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-code-ocean/" class="dropdown-item">Code Ocean</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5821 nav-item"><a title="IEEE DataPort™" href="https://forms1.ieee.org/IEEE-DataPort.html?LT=LG_WB__LM_Innovate_HP_IEEE_DataPort_Top_Nav" class="dropdown-item">IEEE <i>DataPort</i>™</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4705 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-individuals category-product-detail"><a title="TechRxiv™" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/techrxiv/" class="dropdown-item">TechRxiv™</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-297" class="megamenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-297 nav-item dropdown"><a title="Subscription Options" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" id="menu-item-dropdown-297">Subscription Options</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-297"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2808 nav-item"><a title="Subscribe" href="/subscriptions-options/?LT=LG_WB__LM_Innovate_HP_Subscription_Options_Top_Nav" class="dropdown-item">Subscribe</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2218" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2218 nav-item category-academic category-article-overview category-subscription-option"><a title="Academia" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-academia/" class="dropdown-item">Academia</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2219 nav-item category-article-overview category-corporations category-subscription-option"><a title="Corporations" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-corporations-work-groups/" class="dropdown-item">Corporations</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2220" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2220 nav-item category-article-overview category-government category-subscription-option"><a title="Government" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-government/" class="dropdown-item">Government</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2221" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2221 nav-item category-article-overview category-individuals category-subscription-option"><a title="Individuals" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-individuals/" class="dropdown-item">Individuals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-298" class="megamenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-298 nav-item dropdown"><a title="About" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" id="menu-item-dropdown-298">About</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-298"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4308 nav-item"><a title="About IEEE Xplore" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/about-the-ieee-xplore-digital-library/" class="dropdown-item">About IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2223 nav-item category-corporations category-highlight category-individuals"><a title="Content by Industry" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/content-by-industry/" class="dropdown-item">Content by Industry</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2224" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2224 nav-item category-corporations category-featured-content-academic category-featured-content-corporations category-featured-content-government category-featured-content-individuals category-government category-highlight category-individuals"><a title="Customer Success Stories" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/customer-success-stories/" class="dropdown-item">Customer Success Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-299" class="megamenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-299 nav-item dropdown"><a title="Resources" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" id="menu-item-dropdown-299">Resources</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-299"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2227" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2227 nav-item category-academic category-uncategorized"><a title="Improve Return on Investment" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/improve-roi-through-smarter-research-with-the-ieee-xplore-digital-library/" class="dropdown-item">Improve Return on Investment</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-321 nav-item"><a title="Search IEEE Xplore" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/xplore-search/" class="dropdown-item">Search IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-4310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4310 nav-item"><a title="Contact Us" href="/contact-us/?LT=LG_WB__CU_Innovate_HP_Contact_Us_Top_Nav" class="dropdown-item">Contact Us</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2226 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-highlight category-individuals"><a title="Support & Training" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-support-and-training/" class="dropdown-item">Support and Training</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2225 nav-item category-academic category-corporations category-government category-highlight category-individuals"><a title="Recommend to Your Manager" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/recommend-an-ieee-subscription-to-your-manager/" class="dropdown-item">Recommend to Your Manager</a></li> </ul> </li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2148" class="megamenu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2148 nav-item dropdown"><a title="What’s New" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" id="menu-item-dropdown-2148">What’s New</a> <ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="menu-item-dropdown-2148"> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-574 nav-item"><a title="IEEE Xplore News" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE <i>Xplore</i> News</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-5630" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5630 nav-item category-academic category-whats-new category-corporations category-featured-content category-featured-content-academic category-featured-content-corporations category-featured-content-government category-featured-content-individuals category-features category-government category-individuals category-updates"><a title="IEEE Webinars & Virtual Events" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/free-webinars-from-ieee/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Webinars & Virtual Events</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-2149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2149 nav-item"><a title="Innovation Spotlight" href="/innovation-spotlight/" class="dropdown-item">Innovation Spotlight</a></li> <li itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://www.schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" id="menu-item-3244" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3244 nav-item"><a title="IEEE Impact on New Patents" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/top-patenting-organizations-rely-on-ieee-research/" class="dropdown-item">IEEE Impact on New Patents</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> <div class="btn-group hidden-md-down search" id="search-dropdown-container"> <button class="btn btn-md dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" ><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <form class="form-inline" action="https://innovate.ieee.org"> <input class="form-control" type="text" name="s" id="search-field" placeholder="Search"> <button class="btn" type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div>  </div>  <form class="form-inline hidden-lg-up mobile-search" action="https://innovate.ieee.org"> <input class="form-control" type="text" name="s" placeholder="Search"> <button class="btn" type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form>    <button type="button" id="learn-more" class="btn btn-secondary learn-more" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#learn-more-modal">Learn More</button> </nav>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </section>  </header> <div id="content"> <section id="breadcrumbs"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-8"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org" title="Home"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online">Innovation Spotlight</a></li> </ol>  </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"> <ul class="share-page float-right"> <li class="share-page-item"><a href="#" id="print-page" title="Print Current Page"><i class="fa fa-print"></i>Print Page</a></li> <li class="share-page-item"><a href="#" id="email-page" title="Email Current Page" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#email-page-modal"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i>Email Page</a></li> </ul>  </div> </div>  </div>  </section>  <section id="inner-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-8 flex-last"> <div id="main-content"> <div class="page-heading">Innovation Spotlight</div><div class="archive-content"> <div class="archive-title"> <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/">IEEE Standards Dictionary Online</a> </div> <div class="post-date"> November 11, 2021 </div> | <div class="post-tags"> <span class="post-tags-title">Tags: </span> <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/standards/" rel="tag">Standards</a>, <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/" rel="tag">IEEE Standards Dictionary Online</a> </div> <div class="post-image"> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post.png 1200w, https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post-300x157.png 300w, https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post-1024x536.png 1024w, https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/IEEE-Standards-Dictionary-Blog-Post-768x402.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div> <div class="post-body"> Maximize your research and development efficiency with access to the IEEE Standards Dictionary Online, a comprehensive database of standards terminology. <p class="keep-reading"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/">Keep reading</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="archive-content"> <div class="archive-title"> <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-online-collections/">IEEE Standards Online Collections</a> </div> <div class="post-date"> April 30, 2014 </div> | <div class="post-tags"> <span class="post-tags-title">Tags: </span> <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards/" rel="tag">IEEE Standards</a>, <a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/tag/ieee-standards-dictionary-online/" rel="tag">IEEE Standards Dictionary Online</a> </div> <div class="post-body"> IEEE Standards are used around the world to help industries and companies open business opportunities, maximize research efforts, generate public and customer trust, build order in the marketplace, and enhance safety. <p class="keep-reading"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-standards-online-collections/">Keep reading</a></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4 flex-first left-sidebar"> <div id="sidebar"> <div class="widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 filter-widget widget"><div class="filter-widget-heading">Filter by Featured Category</div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=9&f_tags=">Content</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=7&f_tags=">Features</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=24&f_tags=">Updates</a></div><div class="filter-widget-heading">Filter by Industry Type</div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=1&f_tags=">Academic</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=2&f_tags=">Corporations</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=3&f_tags=">Government</a></div><div class="filter-widget-heading">Filter by Most Featured Tags</div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=206">AI</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=560">COVID-19</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=28">ebooks</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=125">eLearning</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=91">free webinar</a></div><div class="filter-widget-item "><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/?f_widget=1&f_cats=&f_tags=51">webinar</a></div><div class="filter-widget-clear"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/whats-new/"><i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i> Clear Filters</a></div></div> </div>  </div> </div>  </div>  </section>  </div>  <footer class="lt-grey-bg"> <div id="footer-widgets"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3"> <div class="widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 footer-widget"><h6 class="footer-widget-title">Subscription Options</h6><div class="menu-subscription-options-container"><ul id="menu-subscription-options" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3596" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3596 category-academic category-article-overview category-subscription-option"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-academia/">Academic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3597" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3597 category-article-overview category-corporations category-subscription-option"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-corporations-work-groups/">Corporate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3598" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3598 category-article-overview category-government category-subscription-option"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-government/">Government</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3599" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3599 category-article-overview category-individuals category-subscription-option"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-for-individuals/">Individuals</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3"> <div class="widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 footer-widget"><h6 class="footer-widget-title">What’s New</h6><div class="menu-whats-new-container"><ul id="menu-whats-new" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3600" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3600"><a href="/whats-new/">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3601" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3601"><a href="/innovation-spotlight/">Innovation Spotlight</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5835"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/top-patenting-organizations-rely-on-ieee-research/">IEEE Impact on New Patents</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3792"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://forms1.ieee.org/Newsletter-sign-up.html?LT=LG_WB_Innovate_SU_Newsletter_Footer">Sign-Up for Newsletter</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3"> <div class="widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 footer-widget"><h6 class="footer-widget-title">Resources</h6><div class="menu-resources-container"><ul id="menu-resources" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3603 category-academic category-corporations category-government category-highlight category-individuals"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/ieee-xplore-support-and-training/">Support and Training</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3712" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3712 category-academic category-corporations category-government category-highlight category-individuals"><a title="Recommend an IEEE subscription to your Manager" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/recommend-an-ieee-subscription-to-your-manager/">Recommend to Your Manager</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3713 category-academic category-uncategorized"><a title="Improve ROI with the IEEE Xplore Digital Library" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/improve-roi-through-smarter-research-with-the-ieee-xplore-digital-library/">Improve Return on Investment</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3714" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3714"><a href="https://innovate.ieee.org/xplore-search/">Search IEEE <i>Xplore</i></a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3"> <div class="widget_text widget-odd widget-last widget-first widget-1 footer-widget"><h6 class="footer-widget-title">Connect</h6><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul class="nav social"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ieee-xplore" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn" rel="noopener"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/IEEEXploreDigitalLibrary/" target="_blank" title="Facebook" rel="noopener"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ieeexplore_org/" target="_blank" title="Instagram" rel="noopener"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link twitter" href="https://twitter.com/IEEEXplore/" target="_blank" title="Twitter" rel="noopener"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="social-link youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ieeexploredigitallibrary" target="_blank" title="YouTube" rel="noopener"><i class="fa-brands fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/contact-us/?LT=LG_WB_Innovate_CU_Contact_Us_Footer" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></div></div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="footer-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <ul class="nav footer"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="/sitemap/" title="Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://innovate.ieee.org/contact-us/" target="_blank" title="Contact & Support">Contact & Support</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ieee.org/accessibility-statement.html" target="_blank" title="Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://www.ieee.org/p9-26.html" target="_blank" title="Nondiscrimination Policy">Nondiscrimination Policy</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/20410/index.html" target="_blank" title="IEEE Ethics Reporting">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="http://www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html" target="_blank" title="IEEE Privacy Policy">IEEE Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul>  </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="copyright"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <p>© Copyright 2024 IEEE – All rights reserved. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the <a href="http://www.ieee.org/site_terms_conditions.html" target="_blank" title="IEEE Terms and Disclosures">IEEE Terms and Disclosures</a>.</p> <p>A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </footer>   <div id="learn-more-modal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="learn-more-modal" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="learn-more-label">Learn More</h5> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div>  <div class="modal-body"> <div id="learn-more-form-entry"> <p>If you would like to learn more about the IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library, please fill out the form below to receive the latest information.</p> <p><em>Fields marked with an asterisk are required.</em></p> <form id="learn-more-form" action=""> <div id="learn-more-carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="false" data-interval="false"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="FirstName">First Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control required" name="FirstName" id="FirstName"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="LastName">Last Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control required" name="LastName" id="LastName"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="Title">Job Title <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control required" name="Title" id="Title"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="Email">Work Email Address <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control required" name="Email" id="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="Company">Organization Name <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control required" name="Company" id="Company"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="Country">Country/Nation <span class="required">*</span></label> <select name="Country_Nation__c" id="Country" class="form-control required"> <option value="">Select...</option> <option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option> <option value="Albania">Albania</option> <option value="Algeria">Algeria</option> <option value="American Samoa">American Samoa</option> <option value="Andorra">Andorra</option> <option value="Angola">Angola</option> <option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option> <option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option> <option value="Antigua">Antigua</option> <option value="Argentina">Argentina</option> <option value="Armenia">Armenia</option> <option value="Aruba">Aruba</option> <option value="Australia">Australia</option> <option value="Austria">Austria</option> <option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option> <option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option> <option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option> <option value="Barbados">Barbados</option> <option value="Barbuda">Barbuda</option> <option value="Belarus">Belarus</option> <option value="Belgium">Belgium</option> <option value="Belize">Belize</option> <option value="Benin">Benin</option> <option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option> <option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option> <option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option> <option value="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba">Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba</option> <option value="Bosnia & Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</option> <option value="Botswana">Botswana</option> <option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option> <option value="Brazil">Brazil</option> <option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option> <option value="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</option> <option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option> <option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="Burundi">Burundi</option> <option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option> <option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option> <option value="Canada">Canada</option> <option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option> <option value="Carriacou">Carriacou</option> <option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option> <option value="Chad">Chad</option> <option value="Chile">Chile</option> <option value="China">China</option> <option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option> <option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="Colombia">Colombia</option> <option value="Comoros">Comoros</option> <option value="Congo (Brazzaville)">Congo (Brazzaville)</option> <option value="Congo (Kinshasa)">Congo (Kinshasa)</option> <option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option> <option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option> <option value="Cote D'Ivoire">Cote D'Ivoire</option> <option value="Croatia">Croatia</option> <option value="Cuba">Cuba</option> <option value="Curacao">Curacao</option> <option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option> <option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option> <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option> <option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option> <option value="Dominica">Dominica</option> <option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="East Timor">East Timor</option> <option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option> <option value="Egypt">Egypt</option> <option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option> <option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option> <option value="Estonia">Estonia</option> <option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option> <option value="Falkland Islands (Malvinas)">Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</option> <option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="Fiji">Fiji</option> <option value="Finland">Finland</option> <option value="France">France</option> <option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option> <option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option> <option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories</option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon</option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia</option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana</option> <option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option> <option value="Greece">Greece</option> <option value="Greenland">Greenland</option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada</option> <option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="Guam">Guam</option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea</option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana</option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti</option> <option value="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</option> <option value="Holy See (Vatican City State)">Holy See (Vatican City State)</option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras</option> <option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary</option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland</option> <option value="India">India</option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="Iran">Iran</option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq</option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland</option> <option value="Israel">Israel</option> <option value="Italy">Italy</option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option> <option value="Japan">Japan</option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan</option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya</option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option> <option value="Korea, Republic of">Korea, Republic of</option> <option value="Kosovo">Kosovo</option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option> <option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="Laos">Laos</option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia</option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option> <option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option> <option value="Liberia">Liberia</option> <option value="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</option> <option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option> <option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option> <option value="Macao">Macao</option> <option value="Macedonia">Macedonia</option> <option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option> <option value="Malawi">Malawi</option> <option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option> <option value="Maldives">Maldives</option> <option value="Mali">Mali</option> <option value="Malta">Malta</option> <option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="Martinique">Martinique</option> <option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option> <option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option> <option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option> <option value="Mexico">Mexico</option> <option value="Micronesia (Federated States of)">Micronesia (Federated States of)</option> <option value="Moldova">Moldova</option> <option value="Monaco">Monaco</option> <option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option> <option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option> <option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option> <option value="Morocco">Morocco</option> <option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option> <option value="Mustique">Mustique</option> <option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option> <option value="Namibia">Namibia</option> <option value="Nauru">Nauru</option> <option value="Nepal">Nepal</option> <option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option> <option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</option> <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option> <option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option> <option value="Niger">Niger</option> <option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option> <option value="Niue">Niue</option> <option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option> <option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</option> <option value="North Korea">North Korea</option> <option value="Norway">Norway</option> <option value="Oman">Oman</option> <option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option> <option value="Palau">Palau</option> <option value="Palestine">Palestine</option> <option value="Panama">Panama</option> <option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option> <option value="Peru">Peru</option> <option value="Philippines">Philippines</option> <option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</option> <option value="Poland">Poland</option> <option value="Portugal">Portugal</option> <option value="Qatar">Qatar</option> <option value="Reunion">Reunion</option> <option value="Romania">Romania</option> <option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</option> <option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option> <option value="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</option> <option value="Saint Kitts & Nevis">Saint Kitts & Nevis</option> <option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option> <option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option> <option value="Samoa">Samoa</option> <option value="San Marino">San Marino</option> <option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option> <option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="Scotland">Scotland</option> <option value="Senegal">Senegal</option> <option value="Serbia">Serbia</option> <option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option> <option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="Sikkim">Sikkim</option> <option value="Singapore">Singapore</option> <option value="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</option> <option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option> <option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option> <option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="Somalia">Somalia</option> <option value="South Africa">South Africa</option> <option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Isl">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands </option> <option value="Spain">Spain</option> <option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="St. Vincent">St. Vincent</option> <option value="Sudan">Sudan</option> <option value="Suriname">Suriname</option> <option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands">Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands</option> <option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option> <option value="Sweden">Sweden</option> <option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option> <option value="Syrian Arab Republic">Syrian Arab Republic</option> <option value="Taiwan">Taiwan</option> <option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option> <option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option> <option value="Thailand">Thailand</option> <option value="Tibet">Tibet</option> <option value="Togo">Togo</option> <option value="Tonga">Tonga</option> <option value="Trinidad & Tobago">Trinidad & Tobago</option> <option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option> <option value="Turkey">Turkey</option> <option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option> <option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option> <option value="Uganda">Uganda</option> <option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option> <option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option> <option value="United States">United States</option> <option value="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands </option> <option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option> <option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option> <option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option> <option value="Viet Nam">Viet Nam</option> <option value="Virgin Islands, British">Virgin Islands, British</option> <option value="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</option> <option value="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</option> <option value="Yemen">Yemen</option> <option value="Zambia">Zambia</option> <option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="Privacy_Policy_Consent__c" type="checkbox" class="required" name="Privacy_Policy_Consent__c" autocomplete="off"> <label for="Privacy_Policy_Consent__c">I have read and accept <a href="https://www.ieee.org/security-privacy.html" target="_ieee_privacy_new_window">IEEE Privacy Policy</a>.</label> <input type="hidden" id="Date_Consent_Received__c" name="Date_Consent_Received__c" value=""> </div> <button type="button" id="learn-more-next" class="btn btn-primary">Next »</button> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="City_or_Town__c">City/Town</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="City_or_Town__c" id="City_or_Town__c"> </div> <div class="form-group hidden" id="country-province-dd"> <label for="State_or_Province__c">State/Province</label> <select name="State_or_Province__c" id="State_or_Province__c" class="form-control"> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="Phone">Phone</label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="Phone" id="Phone"> </div>  <div class="form-group"> <label for="Content_of_Interest__c">Content of Interest</label> <select id="Content_of_Interest__c" class="form-control" name="Content_of_Interest__c"> <option value="Select from below" selected="selected">Select...</option> <option value="Conferences">Conferences</option> <option value="Discovery & Analytics Solutions">Discovery & Analytics Solutions</option> <option value="eBooks Collections">eBooks Collections</option> <option value="Journals">Journals</option> <option value="Online Learning">Online Learning</option> <option value="Standards">Standards</option> </select> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input id="Have_a_rep_contact_me" type="checkbox" name="Have_a_rep_contact_me" autocomplete="off"> <label for="Have_a_rep_contact_me">I would like to be contacted by a Content Specialist.</label> </div> <input type="hidden" id="leadSource" name="leadSource" value="Web-LM"> <button type="button" id="learn-more-prev" class="btn btn-primary">« Back</button> <button type="submit" id="learn-more-submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div id="learn-more-form-success"> <p>Thank you for your information. We will be contacting you soon.</p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="email-page-modal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="email-page-modal" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-md" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="email-page-label">Email Page</h5> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div>  <div class="modal-body"> <script src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/js/email-page-form.js"></script> <div id="email-page-form-entry"> <p>Please fill out the following information:</p> <form id="email-page-form" action=""> <div class="form-group"> <label for="name">Your Name: <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" id="name" maxlength="15"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="email">Your E-mail: <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" id="email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="to_emails">Send to E-mail(s) - Separated by commas: <span class="required">*</span></label> <input type="text" class="form-control" name="to_emails" id="to_emails"> </div> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="email-form-recaptcha"></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button> </form> <p>See the <a href="https://www.ieee.org/security_privacy.html" target="_blank" title="Privacy Policy">IEEE Privacy Policy</a>.</p> </div> <div id="email-page-form-success"> <p>Thank you! Your email has been sent.</p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>   <script type="text/javascript"> wt_domain = '//statse.webtrendslive.com'; wt_dcsid = 'dcs4bnh61100008e080rgsz2g_9e6m'; </script> <script src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/js/vendor/webtrends.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var _tag=new WebTrends(); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ _tag.dcsCustom=function(){ // Add custom parameters here. //_tag.DCSext.param_name=param_value; } _tag.dcsCollect(); //]]> </script> <noscript> <div><img alt="DCSIMG" id="DCSIMG" width="1" height="1" src='//statse.webtrendslive.com/dcs4bnh61100008e080rgsz2g_9e6m/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&WT.js=No&DCS.dcscfg=1&WT.tv=9.4.0&dcssip=www.ieee.org'/></div> </noscript>  <script src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/js/vendor/jquery.cookie.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('682-UPB-550'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script>   <script src="https://innovate.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/ieee-innovate/js/vendor/mktoFormSupport.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var cookieDomain = "ieee.org"; var refer = document.referrer; var LeadTrackingParameter = "LT"; var LeadTracking = getUrlParameter(LeadTrackingParameter); if (typeof LeadTracking != 'undefined' && null != LeadTracking && LeadTracking != '') { jQuery.cookie('LT', LeadTracking, {expires: 730, path: '\/', domain: cookieDomain}); } function getUrlParameter(key){ var result = new RegExp(key + "=([^&]*)", "i").exec(window.location.search); return result && unescape(result[1]) || ""; } </script>    <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_partner_id = "103787"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=103787&fmt=gif" /> </noscript>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tether/1.4.0/js/tether.min.js" integrity="sha384-DztdAPBWPRXSA/3eYEEUWrWCy7G5KFbe8fFjk5JAIxUYHKkDx6Qin1DkWx51bBrb" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.1/masonry.pkgd.min.js"></script>   <script> (function(d,b,a,s,e){var t=b.createElement(a), fs=b.getElementsByTagName(a)[0];t.async=1;t.id=e;t.src=s; fs.parentNode.insertBefore(t,fs);}) (window,document,'script','https://tag.demandbase.com/895a2952.min.js','demandbase_js_lib'); </script> <script></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _linkedin_partner_id = "407265"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=407265&fmt=gif" /> </noscript>   <script> var reCaptchaCallback = function() { var recaptchas = document.querySelectorAll('div[class=g-recaptcha]'); for( i = 0; i < recaptchas.length; i++) { grecaptcha.render( recaptchas[i].id, { 'sitekey' : '6Lc9Ro4UAAAAAJDQuT9jU6iU-xieW2zTFyJYUjKG', }); } }; jQuery.ajax({ url: '//www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js?onload=reCaptchaCallback&render=explicit', dataType: 'script' }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.bugherd.com/sidebarv2.js?apikey=8z5xwf0yp0xsdo7rixroxg" async="true"></script> </body> </html>