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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Political background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Presidential transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_Advisor_to_the_President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_Advisor_to_the_President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Senior Advisor to the President </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_Advisor_to_the_President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Office_of_American_Innovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_American_Innovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Office of American Innovation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_American_Innovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firing_of_Chris_Christie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firing_of_Chris_Christie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Firing of Chris Christie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firing_of_Chris_Christie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Russia investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_justice_reform_—_FIRST_STEP_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_justice_reform_—_FIRST_STEP_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Criminal justice reform — FIRST STEP Act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_justice_reform_—_FIRST_STEP_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East_peace_plan_and_Abraham_Accords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East_peace_plan_and_Abraham_Accords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.5 Middle East peace plan and Abraham Accords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East_peace_plan_and_Abraham_Accords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US–Mexico–Canada_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US–Mexico–Canada_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.6 US–Mexico–Canada Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US–Mexico–Canada_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic_actions_and_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic_actions_and_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.7 COVID-19 pandemic actions and response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic_actions_and_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_election_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_election_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.8 2020 election aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_election_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_after_Trump_Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_after_Trump_Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Career after Trump Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_after_Trump_Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career after Trump Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career_after_Trump_Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia_investment_fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia_investment_fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Saudi Arabia investment fund </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia_investment_fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_memoir:_Breaking_History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_memoir:_Breaking_History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political memoir: Breaking History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_memoir:_Breaking_History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_nepotism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_nepotism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Allegations of nepotism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_nepotism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_clearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_clearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Security clearance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_clearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Conflicts of interest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_WhatsApp_for_White_House_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_WhatsApp_for_White_House_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Use of WhatsApp for White House duties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_WhatsApp_for_White_House_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pardoning_white_collar_criminals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pardoning_white_collar_criminals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Pardoning white collar criminals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pardoning_white_collar_criminals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secret_Service_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secret_Service_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Secret Service protection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secret_Service_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Selected publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jared Kushner</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" > 46 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جاريد كوشنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاريد كوشنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جرد کوشنر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جرد کوشنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τζάρεντ Κούσνερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζάρεντ Κούσνερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جرد کوشنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرد کوشنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%88%EB%84%88" title="재러드 쿠슈너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재러드 쿠슈너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4_%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ջարեդ Քուշներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջարեդ Քուշներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="ג'ארד קושנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ארד קושנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯარედ კუშნერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯარედ კუშნერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جاريد كوشنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاريد كوشنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ジャレッド・クシュナー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャレッド・クシュナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜੈਰੇਡ ਕੁਸ਼ਨਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੈਰੇਡ ਕੁਸ਼ਨਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B1" title="جیریڈ کشنر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیریڈ کشنر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Кушнер, Джаред – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кушнер, Джаред" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jared Kushner" 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title="Џаред Кушнер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џаред Кушнер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จาเร็ด คุชเนอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จาเร็ด คุชเนอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jared Kushner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джаред Кушнер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джаред Кушнер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman (born 1981)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jared Kushner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg/220px-Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg/330px-Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg/440px-Jared_Kushner_June_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1862" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kushner in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Deese" title="Brian Deese">Brian Deese</a> <a href="/wiki/Shailagh_Murray" title="Shailagh Murray">Shailagh Murray</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Donilon" title="Mike Donilon">Mike Donilon</a> <a href="/wiki/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Cedric Richmond</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_American_Innovation" title="Office of American Innovation">Office of American Innovation</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office March 27, 2017 – January 20, 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Ron_Smith" title="Ja'Ron Smith">Ja'Ron Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position abolished</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jared Corey Kushner</div> (1981-01-10) January 10, 1981 (age 43) <a href="/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey" title="Livingston, New Jersey">Livingston, New Jersey</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (2018–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1999–2009) <a href="/wiki/Independent_Politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Politician">Independent</a> (2009–2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>2009)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kushner" title="Charles Kushner">Charles Kushner</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kushner_family" title="Kushner family">Kushner family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump family">Trump family</a> (by marriage)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Businessman</li><li>investor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> (2018)<a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_2-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_3-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Jared Corey Kushner (born January 10, 1981) is an American businessman, investor, and former government official. He is the son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> through his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a>, and served as a senior advisor to Trump from 2017 to 2021. He was also Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_American_Innovation" title="Office of American Innovation">Office of American Innovation</a>. For much of his career, Kushner worked as a real-estate investor in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, especially through the family business <a href="/wiki/Kushner_Companies" title="Kushner Companies">Kushner Companies</a>. He took over the company after his father <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kushner" title="Charles Kushner">Charles Kushner</a> was convicted for 18 criminal charges, including illegal campaign contributions, tax evasion, and witness tampering in 2005, although Charles was controversially <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">pardoned</a> by Trump in 2020. Jared met Ivanka Trump around 2005, and the couple married in 2009. He also became involved in the newspaper industry after purchasing <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a> in 2006. He was registered as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> and donated to Democratic politicians for much of his life, but registered as <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> in 2009 and eventually as <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in 2018. He played a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a>, and was at one point seen as its de facto campaign manager. Around Trump's election, Kushner was frequently accused of <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflicts of interest</a>, profiting from policy proposals for which he personally advocated within the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>. He became <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor</a> to Trump in 2017, and held the position until Trump left office in 2021. His appointment was followed by concerns of <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>. Here, he led the administration's effort to pass the <a href="/wiki/First_Step_Act" title="First Step Act">First Step Act</a>, a criminal justice reform bill signed into law in 2018. Kushner was the primary Trump administration participant for the <a href="/wiki/Middle_east_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle east peace process">Middle East Peace Process</a>, authoring the <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a> and facilitating the talks that led to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">normalization agreements</a> between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab states</a> in 2020. Kushner also played an influential role in the <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration's COVID-19 response</a>. Despite initially advising Trump that the media was exaggerating the threat of the disease, he eventually became a leader in the federal effort to procure medical supplies and develop a vaccine as a founding board member on <a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a>. He was a leading broker in the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">US–Mexico–Canada</a> agreement, for which he was awarded honors by the Mexican government. Since leaving the White House, Kushner founded <a href="/wiki/Affinity_Partners" title="Affinity Partners">Affinity Partners</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm that derives most of its funds from <a href="/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund" title="Public Investment Fund">Saudi government's sovereign wealth fund</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Jared Corey Kushner was born on January 10, 1981, in <a href="/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey" title="Livingston, New Jersey">Livingston, New Jersey</a>, to Seryl (née Stadtmauer) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kushner" title="Charles Kushner">Charles Kushner</a>, a real-estate developer and convicted felon. His father was friends with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and attended several dinners with them. Morris Stadtmauer was Jared's <a href="/wiki/Maternal_grandfather" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal grandfather">maternal grandfather</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> His paternal grandparents, Reichel and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kushner" title="Joseph Kushner">Joseph Kushner</a>, were <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> survivors who came to the U.S. in 1949 from <a href="/wiki/Navahrudak" class="mw-redirect" title="Navahrudak">Navahrudak</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Reichel, described as the family's matriarch, led efforts during the Holocaust to escape from the Navahrudak <a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> by digging a tunnel. Later, she became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Bielski_partisans" title="Bielski partisans">Bielski partisans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Raised in a <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox Jewish</a> family,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Kushner graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Frisch_School" title="Frisch School">Frisch School</a>, a Modern Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Jewish_day_school" title="Jewish day school">yeshiva high school</a>, in 1999 and enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in the same year. According to journalist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Golden" title="Daniel Golden">Daniel Golden</a>, Kushner's father made a donation of $2.5 million to the university in 1998, not long before Jared was admitted.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> At Harvard, Kushner was elected into the <a href="/wiki/Fly_Club" title="Fly Club">Fly Club</a>, supported the campus <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> house led by <a href="/wiki/Hirschy_Zarchi" title="Hirschy Zarchi">Hirschy Zarchi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and bought and sold real estate in <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>, as a vice president of Somerville Building Associates (a division of Kushner Companies), returning a profit of $20 million by its dissolution in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Kushner graduated from Harvard with honors in 2003, with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Kushner then enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/JD/MBA" class="mw-redirect" title="JD/MBA">JD/MBA</a> dual degree program at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Law" title="New York University School of Law">New York University School of Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Stern_School_of_Business" title="New York University Stern School of Business">New York University Stern School of Business</a>, and graduated with both degrees in 2007. He interned at <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_District_Attorney" title="New York County District Attorney">Manhattan District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morgenthau" title="Robert Morgenthau">Robert Morgenthau</a>'s office, and with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> law firm <a href="/wiki/Paul,_Weiss,_Rifkind,_Wharton_%26_Garrison" title="Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison">Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2></div> Following his father's conviction and subsequent incarceration between March 4, 2005, and August 25, 2006, Kushner took a much bigger role in the family real estate business.<a href="#cite_note-examiner20170416-20">[20]</a> He set about expanding the business and acquired almost $7 billion in property over the next ten years, much of it in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3></div> Kushner was an active real estate investor during his college years, and increased the Kushner Companies' presence throughout the New York City real estate market.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:666fifth-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/666fifth-front.jpg/170px-666fifth-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/666fifth-front.jpg/255px-666fifth-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/666fifth-front.jpg/340px-666fifth-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Kushner Companies purchased <a href="/wiki/666_Fifth_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="666 Fifth Avenue">666 Fifth Avenue</a> in 2007 for $1.8 billion, the most expensive single property purchase in US history at the time.<a href="#cite_note-therealdeal.com-23">[23]</a></figcaption></figure> Kushner Companies purchased the office building at <a href="/wiki/666_Fifth_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="666 Fifth Avenue">666 Fifth Avenue</a> in 2007, for a then-record price of $1.8 billion, most of it borrowed.<a href="#cite_note-therealdeal.com-23">[23]</a> He assumed the role of CEO in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Following the property crash that year, the cash flow generated by the property was insufficient to cover its debt service, and the Kushners were forced to sell a controlling stake in the retail footage to <a href="/wiki/The_Carlyle_Group" title="The Carlyle Group">The Carlyle Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Chera" title="Stanley Chera">Stanley Chera</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and bring in <a href="/wiki/Vornado_Realty_Trust" title="Vornado Realty Trust">Vornado Realty Trust</a> as a 50% <a href="/wiki/Equity_partner" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity partner">equity partner</a> in the ownership of the building.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> By that time, Kushner Companies had lost more than $90 million on its investment.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> He was the face of the deal but his father Charles Kushner pushed him to do the deal.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 2011, Kushner purchased a 130,000 square foot office tower at 200 Lafayette Street in Manhattan for $50 million, selling it two years later for $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 2013, his company led a transaction to purchase the Jehovah's Witnesses headquarters in Brooklyn Heights for $375 million and invested $100 million into the site, transforming it into a sprawling office park, and signing online retailer Etsy to a 10-year lease.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The same year, Kushner co-founded WiredScore, a global organization that provides a digital connectivity certification rating the quality and resilience of digital infrastructure in buildings.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Throughout 2013 to 2014, Kushner and his company acquired more than 11,000 units throughout New York, New Jersey, and the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In August 2014, Kushner acquired a three-building apartment portfolio in <a href="/wiki/Middle_River,_Maryland" title="Middle River, Maryland">Middle River, Maryland</a>, for $38 million with Aion Partners, later selling the complex for $68 million.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In May 2015, he acquired a 50.1% stake of the <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Square_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times Square Building">Times Square Building</a> from <a href="/wiki/Africa_Israel_Investments" title="Africa Israel Investments">Africa Israel Investments</a> Ltd. for $295 million.<a href="#cite_note-Globes-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg/170px-One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg/255px-One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg/340px-One_Times_Square_May_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption>In May 2015, Kushner purchased a majority stake of <a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">One Times Square</a> for $295 million.<a href="#cite_note-Globes-36">[36]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2014, Kushner, with his brother <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Kushner" title="Joshua Kushner">Joshua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Williams_(entrepreneur)" title="Ryan Williams (entrepreneur)">Ryan Williams</a>, co-founded <a href="/wiki/Cadre_(company)" title="Cadre (company)">Cadre</a> (now RealCadre LLC), an online real-estate investment platform. His business partners included <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and billionaire <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a>, a top Democratic Party donor.<a href="#cite_note-chung1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In early 2015, <a href="/wiki/Soros_Fund_Management" title="Soros Fund Management">Soros Fund Management</a> financed the startup with a $250 million credit line.<a href="#cite_note-chung1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Kushner did not identify these business relationships in his January 2017 government financial-disclosure form.<a href="#cite_note-chung1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-eaglesham1-41">[41]</a> He did, however, disclose his ownership of BFPS Ventures, the company that housed his stake in Cadre.<a href="#cite_note-chung1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In 2020, his ownership stake in Cadre was estimated at $25–50 million.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspaper_publishing">Newspaper publishing</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jared_Kushner_and_Peter_Kaplan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>Kushner (right) with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a>'s then editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Kaplan" title="Peter W. Kaplan">Peter W. Kaplan</a>, September 2008.</figcaption></figure> In 2006, Kushner purchased <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a>, a weekly New York City newspaper, for $10 million,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> outcompeting a bid by Trifecta Enterprises, a group headed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>. To make the bid, Kushner used money he says he earned during his college years by closing deals on residential buildings he purchased in Somerville, Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> with family members providing the backing for his investments.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The buildings, which he purchased for $8.3 million in 2000, sold four years later for $13 million.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> After purchasing the Observer, Kushner published it in <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> format.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Since then, he has been credited with increasing the Observer's online presence and expanding the Observer Media Group.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> With no substantial experience in journalism, Kushner could not establish a good relationship with the newspaper's veteran editor-in-chief, <a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Kaplan" title="Peter W. Kaplan">Peter W. Kaplan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-51">[51]</a> "This guy doesn't know what he doesn't know", Kaplan remarked about Kushner, to colleagues, at the time.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-51">[51]</a> As a result of his differences with Kushner, Kaplan quit his position. Kaplan was followed by a series of short-lived successors until Kushner hired Elizabeth Spiers in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Jared_Kushner's_Trump_Card-52">[52]</a> It has been alleged that Kushner used the Observer as propaganda against rivals in real estate.<a href="#cite_note-Jared_Kushner's_Trump_Card-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Spiers left the newspaper in 2012. In January 2013, Kushner hired a new editor-in-chief, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Kurson" title="Ken Kurson">Ken Kurson</a>. Kurson had been a consultant to Republican political candidates in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-Jared_Kushner's_Trump_Card-52">[52]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, under Kushner, the "Observer has lost virtually all of its cultural currency among New York's elite, but the paper is now profitable and reporting traffic growth ... [it] boasts 6 million unique visitors per month, up from 1.3 million in January 2013".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In April 2016, the New York Observer became one of only a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign_endorsements,_2016#Newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Donald Trump presidential campaign endorsements, 2016">handful of newspapers</a> to officially endorse United States presidential candidate Donald Trump in the Republican primary, but the paper ended the campaign period by choosing not to back any presidential candidate at all.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Kushner stepped down from his newspaper role in January 2017 to pursue a role in President Donald Trump's administration. He was replaced by his brother-in-law, Joseph Meyer.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_background">Political background</h3></div> Jared Kushner had been a lifelong Democrat prior to his father-in-law Donald Trump entering politics.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> He had donated over $10,000 to Democratic campaigns<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> starting at the age of 11. In 2008, he donated to the campaign for <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and his newspaper the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Observer">New York Observer</a> endorsed <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> over <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SupportHistoryDemocrats-60">[60]</a> After expressing disappointment with Obama, however, he registered as an independent in 2009 and endorsed <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> U.S. presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> in 2012 via the New York Observer.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 2014 he continued to donate to Democratic groups,<a href="#cite_note-SupportHistoryDemocrats-60">[60]</a> but joined his father-in-law Donald Trump's nascent US presidential campaign in the field of the Republican candidates in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Kushner had no prior involvement in campaign politics or in government before Trump's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_campaign">Presidential campaign</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_CAUCUS_(24471440220).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg/220px-Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg/330px-Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg/440px-Trump_CAUCUS_%2824471440220%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4194" data-file-height="2796" /></a><figcaption>Kushner and the <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Trump family</a>, pictured at a campaign victory party in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a>, on February 1, 2016</figcaption></figure> From the outset of the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a> of his father-in-law Donald Trump, Kushner was the architect of Trump's digital, online, and social media campaigns, enlisting talent from Silicon Valley to run a 100-person social-media team dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Project_Alamo" title="Project Alamo">Project Alamo</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Vanity_Fair-68">[68]</a> The digital team tested more than one hundred thousand ad combinations a week, raising more than $250 million in small-dollar donations in the closing months of the campaign. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth" title="Andrew Bosworth">Andrew Bosworth</a>, Facebook's top advertising executive during the 2016 campaign cycle, called it the “single best digital ad campaign I’ve ever seen from any advertiser.”<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Kushner, together with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Parscale" title="Brad Parscale">Brad Parscale</a>, hired <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a>'s firm <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica" title="Cambridge Analytica">Cambridge Analytica</a> to support the Trump campaign.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Kushner has also helped as a speechwriter, and was tasked with working to establish a plan for Trump's White House transition team.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> He was for a time seen as Trump's de facto <a href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski" title="Corey Lewandowski">Corey Lewandowski</a>, who was fired in part on Kushner's recommendation in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> He had been intimately involved with campaign strategy, coordinating Trump's visit in late August to Mexico, and he is believed to be responsible for the choice of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> as Trump's running mate.<a href="#cite_note-Vanity_Fair-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Kushner's "sprawling digital fundraising database and social media campaign" has been described as "the locus of his father-in-law's presidential bid."<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> According to former <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a> (who worked on technology for <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton's campaign</a>), Kushner's role in the 2016 election was its biggest surprise. Schmidt told Forbes, "Best I can tell, he actually ran the campaign and did it with essentially no resources."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> filings indicate the Trump campaign spent $343 million, about 59 percent as much as the Clinton campaign.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> On July 5, 2016, Kushner wrote an open letter in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Observer">New York Observer</a> addressing the controversy around a <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweet</a> from the Trump campaign containing allegedly <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> imagery. He was responding to his own paper's editorial by Dana Schwartz criticizing Kushner's involvement with the Trump campaign.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In the letter, Kushner wrote, "In my opinion, accusations like 'racist' and 'anti-Semite' are being thrown around with a carelessness that risks rendering these words meaningless."<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> His estranged cousin <a href="/wiki/Marc_Kushner" title="Marc Kushner">Marc</a> responded to the op-ed on Facebook that his lesson from the story of his grandparents was to renounce hate.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_transition">Presidential transition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg/220px-Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg/330px-Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg/440px-Shinz%C5%8D_Abe_met_with_President-elect_Donald_Trump_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>Japanese PM <a href="/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinzō Abe">Shinzō Abe</a> meets with Ivanka, president-elect Donald Trump, and Jared Kushner, November 2016</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_transition" title="United States presidential transition">presidential transition</a>, Kushner was said to be his father-in-law's "confidant,"<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and one of Donald Trump's closest advisors, even more so than Trump's four adult children.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Trump was reported to have requested the top-secret <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_clearance" title="United States security clearance">security clearance</a> for him to attend the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Daily_Brief" title="President's Daily Brief">presidential daily intelligence briefings</a> as his staff-level companion, along with General <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Flynn">Mike Flynn</a>, who already had the clearance prior to his resignation.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_Advisor_to_the_President">Senior Advisor to the President</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_(33573171263).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_69_%2833573171263%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Kushner during the April 2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Syrian missile strike</a> operation</figcaption></figure> On January 9, 2017, Kushner was named <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President</a><a href="#cite_note-djt170109-84">[84]</a> (formally, "Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor").<a href="#cite_note-Executive_Office_of_the_President_Annual_Report_To_Congress_On_White_House_Office_Personnel_White_House_Office_As_Of:_Friday,_June_30,_2017-85">[85]</a> He consequently resigned as CEO of Kushner Companies, and as publisher of the Observer.<a href="#cite_note-Trump_son-in-law_Jared_Kushner_will_step_down_as_publisher_of_the_Observer,_and_have_no_'ownership_stake'-86">[86]</a> After Donald Trump became President-elect, Kushner and his wife Ivanka Trump met with the Japanese prime minister and other Japanese officials, while Ivanka was conducting a licensing deal between her namesake clothing brand and Sanei International, a company whose investors include the Japanese government's development bank.<a href="#cite_note-Ivanka_Trump's_meeting_with_the_Japanese_prime_minister_looks_even_worse_now-87">[87]</a> Although negotiations around the deal had begun in 2015, well before Donald Trump secured the Republican nomination for president, Ivanka backed out of the deal to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest. She sat in on a meeting between her father, then-president-elect Donald Trump, and Japan's prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzō Abe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Merkel,_Jared_Kushner,_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump,_March_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg/220px-Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg/330px-Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg/440px-Angela_Merkel%2C_Jared_Kushner%2C_Donald_Trump_and_Ivanka_Trump%2C_March_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Kushner with President Trump and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> in March 2017</figcaption></figure> Kushner helped broker the sale of $100+ billion of arms to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and during a meeting with Saudi officials at the White House to finalize the deal, he called <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Marillyn_Hewson" title="Marillyn Hewson">Marillyn Hewson</a> to ask for a lower price on a radar system to detect ballistic missiles.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-90">[90]</a> Kushner's business activities in China drew press scrutiny for mixing government with business.<a href="#cite_note-overby1-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Kushner's investments in real estate and financial services have also drawn controversy for conflicts of interest.<a href="#cite_note-drucker1-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In May 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> reported that he had failed to disclose all required financial information in his security clearance applications, including that he owes $1 billion in loans.<a href="#cite_note-eaglesham1-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jared_Kushner_didn't_disclose_business_ties_to_George_Soros,_Peter_Thiel,_and_Goldman_Sachs,_or_that_he_owes_$1_billion_in_loans-96">[96]</a> While noting that “it is difficult to calculate net worth” using financial disclosure forms, the Washington Post estimated that during 2017, Kushner and his wife Ivanka Trump made $82 million in outside income at the same time that they served as senior White House advisors.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Kushner and Ivanka's lawyers asserted that their net worth had largely remained the same. In June 2017, Saudi Arabia and the UAE had implemented a naval blockade on <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, accusing them of aiding terrorist groups, and reportedly planned to invade Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> During the dispute, Jared had backed the Saudis and Emiratis in the conflict, undermined efforts by then <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> to stop the blockade and to bring the conflict to a peaceful outcome, and pressured <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">President Donald Trump</a> to back the Emiratis and Saudis in the dispute, which the President did, according to the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">NYTimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In a statement, Abbe Lowell, Kushner's lawyer, admitted that Kushner had intermittently used private e-mail for official White House business. No classified or privileged information was used on this account. During the campaign for the 2016 presidential election, Trump repeatedly criticized his opponent <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> for her use of <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">personal e-mail in her role as Secretary of State</a>, which involved the transmission of classified information over a server Clinton had set up in her basement.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In an HBO/Axios interview released in June 2019, Kushner denied that President Trump was a racist. When asked whether <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">birther conspiracy theories</a> about President Obama (which Trump pushed extensively for a number of years) were racist, Kushner did not answer, saying instead twice, "Look, I wasn't really involved in that."<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-102">[102]</a> In the interview, Kushner, whose grandparents survived the holocaust and later immigrated to America, spoke of his own family's immigration history: "It's a great reminder of how great this country is."<a href="#cite_note-:0-102">[102]</a> In the same interview, he defended the Trump administration's decision to drastically reduce the number of refugees accepted by the United States (the lowest level in 40 years).<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> In March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reported that Kushner had sold stakes in a firm that had benefitted from the same Opportunity Zone tax breaks—incentives for new investment in low-income communities—that Kushner pushed for as a senior White House advisor.<a href="#cite_note-:9-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Office_of_American_Innovation">Office of American Innovation</h4></div> From 2017 until the end of the Trump Administration in January 2021, Kushner directed the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_American_Innovation" title="Office of American Innovation">Office of American Innovation</a>. The office, created by President Trump in March 2017, was to draw on the lessons of the private sector to solving problems in government, such as the federal government's <a href="/wiki/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="IT">IT</a> spend, economic activity, and the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid crisis">opioid crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TheHill_White_House_innovation_office-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch_White_House_office_for_'American_Innovation'-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Politicoprofile-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Firing_of_Chris_Christie">Firing of Chris Christie</h4></div> Kushner was reportedly an influential factor behind the firing of New Jersey governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> as head of the transition team, as well as the dismissal from the Donald Trump transition team of anyone connected to Christie.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> An anonymous source familiar with the transition told <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, "Jared doesn't like Christie... He's always held [the prosecution of his father] against Christie."<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Kushner told <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> that the reports that he was involved in Christie's dismissal were false: "Six months ago, Governor Christie and I decided this election was much bigger than any differences we may have had in the past, and we worked very well together. ... I was not behind pushing out him or his people."<a href="#cite_note-forbes.com-112">[112]</a> In his memoir Christie said that <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> fired him at Trump Tower but that Kushner had his firing ordered as revenge for what Christie had done to Kushner's father Charles Kushner for several felonies.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia_investigation">Russia investigation</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></div> Kushner's contacts with Russian officials came under scrutiny as part of the larger federal investigation into <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Before meeting with the Senate and House intelligence committees, Kushner delivered an 11-page document describing his contacts with Russian figures during the campaign and after the election. The Wall Street Journal called it "comprehensive disclosure" and said it "introduced a useful precedent to the Trump presidency"<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Kushner has said he had four meetings with Russians during the 2016 campaign and <a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">presidential transition</a>, and that none of <a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials_and_spies" class="mw-redirect" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies">those Russian contacts</a> were improper.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In June 2016, an agent of <a href="/wiki/Emin_Agalarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Emin Agalarov">Emin Agalarov</a> reportedly offered <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Trump Jr.</a>, Kushner's brother-in-law, compromising information on <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> from the Russian government if he met with a lawyer connected to the Kremlin.<a href="#cite_note-NYT11july17-118">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trump_campaign%E2%80%93Russian_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump campaign–Russian meeting">A meeting took place on June 9, 2016</a>, and included Kushner, Trump Jr., and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, who was then chairman of the presidential campaign, who met with <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Veselnitskaya" title="Natalia Veselnitskaya">Natalia Veselnitskaya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetshin" title="Rinat Akhmetshin">Rinat Akhmetshin</a>, who was also present at the meeting, Veselnitskaya claimed to have evidence of "violations of Russian law by a Democratic donor", and that the "Russian lawyer described her findings at the meeting and left a document about them with Trump Jr. and the others".<a href="#cite_note-Helderman-120">[120]</a> According to the Mueller Report, Kushner arrived at the meeting and quickly grew aggravated, texting Paul Manafort that it was a “waste of time,” and emailing two different assistants to call him so he would have an excuse to leave the meeting. Investigators did not identify any follow up from the meeting.<a href="#cite_note-:3-121">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a> were revealed later that week.<a href="#cite_note-NYT11july17-118">[118]</a> Between April and November 2016, Kushner had two undisclosed phone calls with the Russian ambassador, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak" title="Sergey Kislyak">Sergey I. Kislyak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2017-05-27-reuters-122">[122]</a> (In May 2017, Kushner's attorney <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Gorelick" title="Jamie Gorelick">Jamie Gorelick</a> told Reuters that Kushner had participated in "thousands of calls in this time period" and did not recall any with Kislyak.)<a href="#cite_note-2017-05-27-reuters-122">[122]</a> In December 2016, Kushner met with Kislyak.<a href="#cite_note-2017-04-06-nyt-123">[123]</a> That month, U.S. intelligence officials who were monitoring Kislyak reportedly overheard him relaying to Moscow a request from Kushner to establish a "secret and secure communications channel" with the Kremlin using Russian diplomatic facilities. Kislyak reportedly was "taken aback by the suggestion of allowing an American to use Russian communications gear at its embassy or consulate – a proposal that would have carried security risks for Moscow as well as the Trump team".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Also in December 2016, Kushner met with <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Gorkov" title="Sergei Gorkov">Sergey N. Gorkov</a>, a trained Russian spy who then headed <a href="/wiki/Vnesheconombank_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vnesheconombank (Russia)">Vnesheconombank</a> (VEB), a Russian state-owned bank.<a href="#cite_note-2017-04-06-nyt-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Former White House press secretary <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a> said that Kushner met with Gorkov briefly as part of his role in the transition, and as a diplomatic conduit to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> However, VEB has stated that Gorkov met with Kushner on a private matter concerning his family's real estate corporation, Kushner Companies, even though VEB has been under <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis#Third" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">international sanctions since July 2014</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The Mueller investigation examined this meeting and could not confirm VEB's account. The Mueller report did state, however, that it was unable to find evidence that there was any follow up between Kushner and Gorkov after the meeting.<a href="#cite_note-:3-121">[121]</a> In July 2017, Kushner appeared before both the <a href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Intelligence Committee">Senate</a> intelligence committees in closed session as part of their investigations into Russian meddling in the 2016 election.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> He also released a public statement.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In October 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> requested numerous documents from Kushner. Kushner's attorneys gave the committee many documents on November 3, but the committee followed up on November 16 with a request for many additional documents it said had not been produced.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In early November 2017, Kushner was interviewed by investigators from Special Counsel <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a>'s office. Reportedly the interview focused on former national security advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On December 1, Flynn pleaded guilty to one count of lying to the FBI, as part of a plea bargain. Bloomberg reported that Kushner is most likely the "senior member of the Trump transition team," mentioned in Flynn's plea documents, who is said to have ordered Flynn to contact Russia.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House,_25_March_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Welcome_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel_to_the_White_House%2C_25_March_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>President Trump, joined by Kushner and Netanyahu behind, signs the proclamation <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing</a> Israel's 1981 <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">annexation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, March 2019</figcaption></figure> Mueller investigated meetings between Trump associates including Kushner and <a href="/wiki/George_Nader_(businessman)" title="George Nader (businessman)">George Nader</a>, an emissary representing the crown princes of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. In August 2016, Nader offered help to the Trump presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In December 2016, Nader attended a New York meeting between the United Arab Emirates officials and Kushner, Michael Flynn and Steve Bannon.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Mueller also investigated Kushner's possible ties to <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Two months after the Mueller report was released, Kushner's top secret security clearance was permanently restored. Since the electoral defeat of his father-in-law, Donald J. Trump, Kushner has stayed active in the region through a nonprofit organization he established. He took a special interest in the petroleum-rich monarchies of the Persian Gulf. Kushner attempted to raise money from the Persian Gulf states for a new investment firm he has founded.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The transcript of Kushner's interview with FBI investigators was not publicly released in January 2020 as ordered by a federal judge, as the Justice Department stated it required a security review by an unnamed intelligence agency.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The transcript was released on February 3, redacted nearly in its entirety.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In June 2019, Republicans and Democrats on the Senate Intelligence Community made a criminal referral of Kushner to federal prosecutors on concerns that his testimony was contradicted by Richard Gates, a former Trump campaign aides, although the referral did not accuse Kushner of making false statements.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_(28279991058).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg/220px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg/330px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg/440px-Embassy_Dedication_Ceremony_%2828279991058%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1429" /></a><figcaption>Dedication ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem" title="Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem">Embassy of the United States</a> in Jerusalem, May 2018</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criminal_justice_reform_—_FIRST_STEP_Act">Criminal justice reform — FIRST STEP Act</h4></div> Kushner was a strong supporter within the Trump administration for the bipartisan criminal justice reform bill <a href="/wiki/Formerly_Incarcerated_Reenter_Society_Transformed_Safely_Transitioning_Every_Person_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act">Formerly Incarcerated Reenter Society Transformed Safely Transitioning Every Person Act</a> (FIRST STEP ACT, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5682">H.R. 5682</a>) which President Trump signed into law in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The legislation implemented several reforms to America's prison and criminal justice systems, reducing sentences for certain non-violent offenders and improving prison programs to reduce recidivism, among other priorities.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In announcing his support for the bill, Trump argued that it would “make our communities safer and give former inmates a second chance at life. According to reporting by Axios in 2020, Trump expressed regrets in private about having followed Jared Kushner's lead in going through with the First Step Act.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East_peace_plan_and_Abraham_Accords">Middle East peace plan and Abraham Accords</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/190px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/285px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg/380px-Trump_Peace_Plan_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption>Kushner is said to be the main architect of <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump's Israeli–Palestinian peace plan</a>.</figcaption></figure> Trump put Kushner in charge of brokering peace in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, despite the fact that Kushner had no foreign experience or experience in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On August 24, 2017, Kushner traveled to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> to talk to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a><a href="#cite_note-Fox2017-08-24a-153">[153]</a> (with whom Kushner has longstanding personal links and family ties, causing Palestinians to distrust him<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2019-05-03a-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael2017-03-25a-155">[155]</a>). He then traveled to <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> to meet President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> in an attempt to restart a peace process in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fox2017-08-24a-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> formally unveiled a plan authored by Kushner in a White House press conference alongside Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> on January 28, 2020; while representatives from the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Oman attended the event. Palestinian representatives were not invited.<a href="#cite_note-dw2-156">[156]</a> In an interview, Kushner said he had "been studying this now for three years", and that he had "read 25 books on it, I've spoken to every leader in the region, I've spoken to everyone who's been involved in this."<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The plan, which was endorsed by the Israeli government, offered the Palestinians a conditional path to an independent state with defined borders. It has been characterized as requiring too few concessions from the Israelis and imposing too harsh requirements on the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Both the West Bank settlers' <a href="/wiki/Yesha_Council" title="Yesha Council">Yesha Council</a><a href="#cite_note-Magid-159">[159]</a> and the Palestinian leadership rejected the plan: the former because it proposed a path to a Palestinian state,<a href="#cite_note-Magid-159">[159]</a> the latter arguing it is too biased in favor of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-dw2-156">[156]</a> Reaction was muted among the Arab states, although Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, Lebanon issued statements expressing appreciation for the effort. The proposal gave American approval for Israel to annex its settlements in the West Bank, contingent on Israel and the United States agreeing to a concrete map for the contested areas within the West Bank and Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Yousef_Al_Otaiba" title="Yousef Al Otaiba">Yousef Al Otaiba</a>, the UAE ambassador to the United States, wrote a June 2020 opinion piece warning that <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank">annexation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the occupied <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> would threaten better relations between Israel and the Arab world, Kushner saw an opportunity and stepped in to facilitate talks.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The talks led to the August establishment of diplomatic ties between the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and Israel,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> normalizing what had long been informal relations between the two countries<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> and ultimately becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_peace_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement">Abraham Accord</a>, which was the first normalization agreement between Israel and an Arab country since it normalized relations with Jordan in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> As part of the agreement, Netanyahu suspended the annexation of West Bank settlements, which the Kushner peace plan had approved months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> The first commercial flight from Israel to the UAE later arrived in Abu Dhabi with a U.S.-Israeli delegation led by Kushner.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Hours after the August 13 announcement of the U.S.-brokered normalization agreements between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, senior Bahraini officials called Kushner with a message: "We want to be next".<a href="#cite_note-auto-170">[170]</a> Over the next 29 days Kushner and aide <a href="/wiki/Avi_Berkowitz" title="Avi Berkowitz">Avi Berkowitz</a> negotiated, and traveled to Bahrain, before closing the deal on September 11, 2020, in a call between Trump, Netanyahu and the king of Bahrain.<a href="#cite_note-auto-170">[170]</a> All three countries officially committed to the deals on September 15, 2020, with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> on the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hindu:_Israel,_UAE,_Bahrain_Sign_Abraham_Accords-171">[171]</a> On September 4, 2020, Kosovo, a Muslim-majority country, announced that it intended to normalize relations with Israel as part of an economic agreement the United States had brokered between it and Serbia. The negotiations were led by Ric Grenell, special envoy for Serbia and Kosovo peace negotiations, with support from Kushner.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> On October 23, 2020, Israel and Sudan agreed to normalize ties, making Sudan the third Arab country to set aside hostilities in two months.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-173">[173]</a> The agreement was negotiated on the U.S. side by Trump senior adviser Jared Kushner, Middle East envoy Avi Berkowitz, national security adviser Robert O'Brien, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and national security official Miguel Correa.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-173">[173]</a> On December 10, 2020, President Trump announced that Israel and the Kingdom of Morocco agreed to establish full diplomatic relations.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The agreement was negotiated by Trump senior adviser Jared Kushner and Middle East envoy Avi Berkowitz and marked Kushner and Berkowitz's fourth normalization agreement in as many months.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> As a component of the deal, the United States agreed to recognize Moroccan sovereignty over the Western Sahara.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> On November 30, 2020, Kushner and Berkowitz traveled to Saudi Arabia for negotiations on the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The next day, Kushner continued to Qatar, but left Berkowitz in Saudi Arabia so the duo could continue to mediate the deal between the Saudis and the Qataris over the phone in real time.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> The negotiations led to a breakthrough,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> and on January 5, 2021, Kushner and Berkowitz attended the GCC Summit in Saudi Arabia, where the parties signed an agreement ending the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis" title="Qatar diplomatic crisis">Qatar diplomatic crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> For his efforts in the Middle East, Kushner has twice been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Years later, Kushner was invited to address a forum at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a> to talk about Middle East issues. Tarek Masoud, the school's director of Middle East Initiatives, said he chose Kushner since he was the architect of the Abraham Accords.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In the interview, Kushner referred to the valuable potential of Gaza's “waterfront property,” suggesting that Israel should move civilians from Gaza to the Negev desert in southern Israel.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US–Mexico–Canada_Agreement">US–Mexico–Canada Agreement</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/USMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="USMCA">USMCA</a></div>Shortly after Trump assumed office, Kushner and several administration officials initiated discussions with the Mexican government around renegotiating <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a>. In April 2017 reports surfaced that Trump intended to withdraw from the trade agreement.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Working with counterparts in the Mexican and Canadian governments, Kushner convinced Trump to set aside these plans and instead enter into formal trade negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> When the Senate confirmed <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Robert Lighthizer</a> as <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a> in May 2017,<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Lighthizer commenced formal negotiations, leading on the technical aspects of the discussions while Kushner managed the relationships with the Mexican and Canadian governments. On August 27, 2018, the United States and Mexico announced that they had reached a preliminary deal without Canada.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> A month later, Canada announced that it intended to join the deal as well. At a press conference in the Rose Garden on September 30, 2018, Lighthizer stated that the $1.3 trillion trade deal “would not have happened” without Kushner's efforts.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> In recognition of these efforts, President <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Peña Nieto</a> awarded Kushner the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a>, Mexico's highest honor granted to a non-Mexican citizen, calling Kushner a “grand ally” of Mexico and an “important actor” in the U.S.-Mexico relationship.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic_actions_and_response">COVID-19 pandemic actions and response</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_(49741895803).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg/220px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg/330px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg/440px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849741895803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5491" data-file-height="3661" /></a><figcaption>Kushner, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a> during a coronavirus update briefing on April 2, 2020</figcaption></figure> Amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Kushner was an influential advisor to President Trump, and shaped the administration's actions.<a href="#cite_note-:6-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-193">[193]</a> At Trump's order, Kushner set up what has been described as a "shadow task force," separate from the official coronavirus task force chaired by Vice President Mike Pence.<a href="#cite_note-Collman-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The Kushner operation was staffed by a dozen young volunteers from the private sector; they worked out of offices on the seventh floor of the Health and Human Services building.<a href="#cite_note-:6-192">[192]</a> Their first assignment was to facilitate the search for medical supplies and protective equipment, with their performance receiving criticism for favoritism shown to Trump associates.<a href="#cite_note-Collman-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> According to The Washington Post, numerous rudimentary initiatives proposed by Kushner interrupted the work of other government officials who were seeking to manage the U.S. response to the coronavirus pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-:6-192">[192]</a> The New York Times reported that one way that Kushner was seeking advice on how to deal with the coronavirus outbreak was to ask his brother's father-in-law, a physician, for recommendations. The physician then proceeded to crowdsource advice on a Facebook group for physicians.<a href="#cite_note-:2-197">[197]</a> Early on during the outbreak, Kushner advised Trump that the media was exaggerating the dangers of the coronavirus outbreak; at the time, Trump downplayed the dangers of the coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Kushner helped write <a href="/wiki/March_2020_Oval_Office_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2020 Oval Office Address">the Oval Office address</a> that President Trump gave to the nation on March 11, 2020, along with Trump's advisor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Drafts of the address were not shared with any of the staff working on the coronavirus task force or with the agencies dealing with the coronavirus response, and Kushner, Miller and Vice President Pence (who joined the writing process later on) were still working making edits to the draft shortly before Trump gave the address.<a href="#cite_note-:8-200">[200]</a> The Washington Post wrote that the address that Kushner, who had "zero expertise in infectious diseases and little experience marshaling the full bureaucracy behind a cause", helped write was "widely panned".<a href="#cite_note-:1-193">[193]</a> In the address, Trump blamed Europeans and the Chinese for the virus, describing the virus as a "foreign virus".<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> During the address, Trump inaccurately said "all travel from Europe" would be prohibited, and that the travel prohibitions would apply to goods.<a href="#cite_note-:4-202">[202]</a> The speech caused markets to plunge, as White House aides had to clarify what the actual policy was. European leaders said they were blindsided by the address.<a href="#cite_note-:4-202">[202]</a> The speech set off panic among Americans abroad who had to scramble to learn whether they could return to the United States and under what circumstances; this created chaos at airports in Europe and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Trump reportedly blamed Kushner for the widely panned address, telling aides that he should not have listened to Kushner.<a href="#cite_note-:8-200">[200]</a> Kushner also helped put together a March 13 Rose Garden event where Trump falsely claimed that Google was "quickly developing" a website that could help test people for coronavirus.<a href="#cite_note-:1-193">[193]</a> Google later clarified their involvement, stating that the website would initially serve the Bay Area.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Trump also announced a project intended to set up testing sites across parking lots across the United States, taking the state and federal health care workers who oversee the project by surprise.<a href="#cite_note-:1-193">[193]</a> These drive-through testing sites were later used to support distribution of the coronavirus vaccine.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> On March 30, 2020, The Atlantic reported that a website that Trump had said would help Americans to diagnose themselves and direct them to a nearby coronavirus testing site in a March 13 press conference had been a project between the government and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Health" title="Oscar Health">Oscar Health</a>, a company that Kushner had ties with. Kushner's brother, Joshua, co-founded and owns Oscar Health, and Kushner himself was a partial owner of the firm before joining the White House. The website was quickly scrapped.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/220px-seek%3D6497-4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="8166" data-mwtitle="4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.720p.vp9.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=01:48:17" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm/4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm.360p.webm#t=01:48:17" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3A4_2_20_Members_of_the_Coronavirus_Task_Force_Hold_a_Press_Briefing.webmhd.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>"...And the notion of the federal stockpile was it's supposed to be our stockpile; it's not supposed to be state stockpiles that they then use." Comments by Jared Kushner that drew criticism.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></figcaption></figure> In April 2020, Kushner made a rare public appearance, when in the White House briefing room he defended the administration's response to the coronavirus pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-:5-209">[209]</a> In response to requests by <a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_response_to_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. state and local government response to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic">state and local governments</a> that the federal government distribute medical supplies to the states, Kushner said, "The notion of the federal stockpile is that it's supposed to be our stockpile. It's not supposed to be states' stockpiles that they then use."<a href="#cite_note-:5-209">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Strategic_National_Stockpile" title="Strategic National Stockpile">Strategic National Stockpile</a> page on the Public Health Emergency website was <a href="/wiki/Retconned" class="mw-redirect" title="Retconned">retconned</a> on the same day to reflect this new interpretation of its mission.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In late April 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> revealed that the federal government had less than 10,000 ventilators remaining in the strategic national stockpile, far short of the anticipated need.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> At that time, Governor Andrew Cuomo projected that New York would need 37,000 ventilators.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> New Jersey, Louisiana, and Michigan also requested thousands of ventilators.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> The Trump administration, however, refused to empty the stockpile to fulfill these requests, claiming that the states needed far fewer than they were projecting. Kushner described the administration's response to the coronavirus as "a great success story."<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> During the pandemic, Kushner relied on a team of volunteers from consulting and private equity firms who had little relevant experience in dealing with a pandemic. Kushner described the volunteers as "true patriots." The team was intended to assist in procuring PPE, but the team struggled to do so.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The New York Times wrote that the search for supplies was "fumbling" and that "personal relationships and loyalty are often prized over governmental expertise, and private interests are granted extraordinary access and deference."<a href="#cite_note-:7-216">[216]</a> Kushner's volunteer team advised senior officials in New York that Yaron Oren-Pines, a Silicon Valley engineer, could produce 1,000 ventilators. New York officials assumed that the team had vetted him and gave him an $86 million contract to produce the ventilators; no ventilators were produced.<a href="#cite_note-:7-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In May 2020, Kushner reportedly told those involved in the coronavirus response that the coronavirus was under control and that there would not be a second wave. By June 2020, cases were surging in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> It was revealed that businesses owned by the Kushner family obtained coronavirus relief, which raised concerns with potential conflicts of interests due to Kushner's White House role.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> In August 2020, when 170,000 had died from the coronavirus in the United States, Kushner reiterated his claim from April 2020 that the administration's response had been a "success story."<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_election_aftermath">2020 election aftermath</h4></div> Kushner did not participate in the Trump administration's <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election</a>. He started writing a memoir, made plans to move his family to Miami, and focused on his project of Middle East diplomacy. He met with Biden administration security advisors <a href="/wiki/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey Zients">Jeffrey Zients</a> to prepare for transition of power. During the January 6, <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a>, he was returning from a diplomatic trip around the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Persian gulf states</a>. On January 11, 2021, he arranged a meeting between vice-president <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> and Donald Trump to try to reconcile their relationship.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-221">[221]</a> On March 31, 2022, he voluntarily spoke to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack#Public_findings" title="United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack">United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack</a> for six hours. He was the highest-ranking Trump administration official interviewed to date, as well as the first Trump family member to be interviewed.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_after_Trump_Administration">Career after Trump Administration</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia_investment_fund">Saudi Arabia investment fund</h3></div> Kushner's firm landed the more than $2 billion only six months after Kushner stopped working as a senior adviser for the president,<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> to invest in American and Israeli companies expanding in India, Africa, the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Investors include $2 billion from the Saudi public investment fund, with Kushner stating that he hopes to open an "investment corridor between Saudi Arabia and Israel",<a href="#cite_note-:10-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-225">[225]</a> seen internationally as a "sign of warming ties between two historic rivals".<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Within the Trump administration, Kushner had been a staunch defender of Saudi ruler <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-90">[90]</a> In 2021, Kushner started an investment firm, <a href="/wiki/Affinity_Partners" title="Affinity Partners">Affinity Partners</a>. He sought funds for the new company through the sovereign wealth funds of Gulf countries.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Advisers for the <a href="/wiki/Public_Investment_Fund" title="Public Investment Fund">Public Investment Fund</a>, the Saudi government's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a>, expressed several concerns about the transaction—including the inexperience of Affinity management, the degree of risk to be assumed by the Saudi kingdom, an "excessive" management fee, and a finding that Affinity's operations were "unsatisfactory in all aspects". However, PIF management overruled them and invested $2 billion in Kushner's firm, only six months after Kushner had left the White House.<a href="#cite_note-:02-90">[90]</a> The firm primarily depended on Saudi money, as, by April 2022, it only had $2.5 billion under its management.<a href="#cite_note-:02-90">[90]</a> According to ethics experts, the investment created the appearance of potential payback for Kushner.<a href="#cite_note-:02-90">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_Oversight_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Oversight Committee">House Oversight Committee</a> said on June 2, 2022, that it had opened an investigation into whether Kushner had traded on his government position to get the deal.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> The fund plans to invest Saudi money into startup companies in Israel. According to the Wall Street Journal, "The decision marks the first known instance that the Saudi Public Investment Fund’s cash will be directed to Israel, a sign of the kingdom’s increasing willingness to do business with the country, even though they have no diplomatic relations."<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In 2023, Republican candidate for President <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> criticized Kushner and Trump for the deal, saying "Why would you send Jared Kushner to the Middle East when you have Rex Tillerson and Mike Pompeo... You send him? Why? We found out the answer six months after he left office: $2 billion from the Saudis to Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump, $2 billion, and because he did all this and more with his family. I'm going to end this family grift that's going on. We are not a third-world republic."<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> reported that Kushner has not made any investments despite receiving the funding some years ago, collecting "tens of millions in management fees each year" while not making any investments. <a href="/wiki/Norm_Eisen" title="Norm Eisen">Norm Eisen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> suggested the payments were meant to curry favor with Trump's family, should the former president retake the White House in the 2024 election: "It appears to be money for nothing."<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> The House Oversight Committee Chairman, Kentucky Republican <a href="/wiki/James_Comer_(politician)" title="James Comer (politician)">James Comer</a>, said he believes Kushner “crossed the line of ethics” by accepting the investment from Saudi Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> As of 2024, the fund had made $157 million in management fees (including $87 million from the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi government">Saudi government</a> alone) since 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:03-234">[234]</a> The fund is under Senate investigation for possible foreign influence buying ahead of the 2024 election after a New York Times report suggested that Kushner used contacts he made from his role in Trump's White House.<a href="#cite_note-:03-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_memoir:_Breaking_History">Political memoir: Breaking History</h3></div> Kushner wrote a memoir, <a href="/wiki/Breaking_History:_A_White_House_Memoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking History: A White House Memoir">Breaking History: A White House Memoir</a>, that was published in August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Baker-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_nepotism">Allegations of nepotism</h3></div> Kushner's appointment as Trump's senior advisor in the White House in January 2017 was questioned on the basis of a 1967 anti-<a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a> law which forbids public officials from hiring family members, and explicitly one's son-in-law, in agencies or offices they oversee.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The law was passed in response to President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s decision to appoint his brother, <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>, as attorney general in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> However, on January 20, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a> issued an opinion stating the anti-nepotism law does not apply to appointments within the White House,<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> after Kushner's lawyer, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Gorelick" title="Jamie Gorelick">Jamie Gorelick</a> claimed the 1967 law does not apply to the White House because it is not an 'agency'.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Among other precedents, the OLC opinion invoked a 1993 D.C. Circuit Court ruling that enabled Hillary Clinton to serve within the White House during the Clinton administration.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Kushner was sworn in on January 22, 2017<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> and was given the office which is physically the closest to the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CivilWar-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_clearance">Security clearance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:170403-D-PB383-033_(33666887082).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg/220px-170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg/330px-170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg/440px-170403-D-PB383-033_%2833666887082%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kushner and Gen. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dunford" title="Joseph Dunford">Joseph Dunford</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, with Iraqi defence minister <a href="/wiki/Erfan_al-Hiyali" title="Erfan al-Hiyali">Erfan al-Hiyali</a> in Baghdad on April 3, 2017</figcaption></figure> On January 18, 2017, immediately after his appointment as senior advisor to President Trump, Kushner requested Top Secret security clearance,<a href="#cite_note-2017-04-06-nyt-123">[123]</a> using "<a href="/wiki/Standard_Form_86" title="Standard Form 86">Standard Form 86</a> (SF86): Questionnaire for National Security Positions".<a href="#cite_note-independen_20170716-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The request omitted all of Kushner's contacts with foreign officials, including the meetings with Kislyak and Gorkov, though he quickly updated his filing to notify government officials that he would supplement his disclosure to provide the required information.<a href="#cite_note-2017-04-06-nyt-123">[123]</a> Failure to disclose pertinent contacts can cause security clearances to be declined or revoked, and an intentional failure to disclose can result in imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-2017-07-08-nyt-246">[246]</a> Kushner's lawyers said that the omissions were "an oversight",<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> and that "a member of [Kushner's] staff had prematurely hit the 'send' button" before the form was completed.<a href="#cite_note-independen_20170716-244">[244]</a> By July 2017, Kushner had updated his SF86, this time disclosing contacts with foreign nationals.<a href="#cite_note-2017-07-08-nyt-246">[246]</a> This was the first time that government officials were made aware of the June 2016 <a href="/wiki/Trump_campaign%E2%80%93Russian_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump campaign–Russian meeting">Trump campaign–Russian meeting</a> and Kushner's role in it.<a href="#cite_note-2017-07-08-nyt-246">[246]</a> On September 15, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Kline_(White_House_official)" title="Carl Kline (White House official)">Carl Kline</a>, the director of the personnel security office within the Executive Office of President Trump, recorded Kushner as having an interim Top Secret/SCI security clearance.<a href="#cite_note-2019-02-28-nyt-248">[248]</a> Kushner and his wife were among at least 48 officials granted interim clearance giving them access to <a href="/wiki/Sensitive_compartmented_information" title="Sensitive compartmented information">sensitive compartmented information</a> (SCI): detailed accounts of intelligence sources and methods.<a href="#cite_note-2018-02-16-nbc-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-2019-03-01-nbc-250">[250]</a> On February 27, 2018, in response to the Rob Porter scandal, White House chief of staff <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John Kelly</a> downgraded Kushner's interim security clearance to "secret" status, along with other White House staffers working with interim security clearances.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt2018-02-27-252">[252]</a> White House sources said that part of the reason Kushner had not yet been granted permanent security clearance was that he was under investigation by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2018-02-22-cnn-253">[253]</a> Kushner finally received permanent Top Secret security clearance on May 23, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-2018-05-23-nyt-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-2018-05-23-wapo-255">[255]</a> In January 2019, Trump told <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that he had not intervened to grant Kushner's security clearances.<a href="#cite_note-2019-02-28-nyt-248">[248]</a> On February 8, 2019, Kushner's wife Ivanka also denied that Trump had intervened to grant her or Kushner's security clearances.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-2019-03-01-wapo-257">[257]</a> However, on February 28, 2019, CNN (citing three anonymous sources) and The New York Times (citing four anonymous sources) reported that in May 2018 Trump ordered Kelly to grant Kushner a top-secret clearance, which Kelly contemporaneously documented in an internal memo. Reportedly, this was the first time any U.S. president had intervened in such a way.<a href="#cite_note-2018-02-22-cnn-253">[253]</a> Carl Kline later testified before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee that there had been no external intervention in the decision to restore Kushner's clearance.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_of_interest">Conflicts of interest</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kushner_Companies" title="Kushner Companies">Kushner Companies</a></div> While serving in the Trump administration, Kushner retained ownership of businesses, which drew criticism from government ethics experts who said it created conflicts of interest.<a href="#cite_note-:2-197">[197]</a> After his appointment as Senior Advisor to Donald Trump (in January 2017), Kushner resigned as head of his family's real-estate firm, Kushner Companies, and partially divested himself of some of its assets, including all his stake in <a href="/wiki/Thrive_Capital" title="Thrive Capital">Thrive Capital</a>, a venture capital firm co-founded by his brother, all common stock holdings and over 35 other investments, and his stake in 666 Fifth Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> However, he did not actually sell off his assets or set up a blind trust with outside management. Instead, he transferred ownership of some of his assets to his brother and to a trust overseen by his mother rather than selling off his assets to a third party or setting up a blind trust with outside management. The New York Times reported that Kushner managed to retain "the vast majority of his interest in Kushner Companies. His real estate holdings and other investments are worth as much as $761 million."<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Disclosures he was required to make show that Kushner still receives millions of dollars a year in income from rent collected by his assorted real estate portfolio.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> After her father was elected president, global sales of Ivanka Trump merchandise surged.<a href="#cite_note-apnews.com-263">[263]</a> On April 6, 2017, the same day that Kushner and Ivanka dined with Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and his wife at a dinner hosted by the president at <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a>, the Chinese government provisionally approved three new trademarks for the Ivanka Trump brand<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> giving it monopoly rights to sell Ivanka Trump brand jewelry, bags and spa services in the world's second-largest economy.<a href="#cite_note-apnews.com-263">[263]</a> Ivanka applied for the trademarks in 2016 due to concerns about the proliferation of knock off and counterfeits goods being sold under her name in China as her father's presidential campaign progressed.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_WhatsApp_for_White_House_duties">Use of WhatsApp for White House duties</h3></div> While a White House official, Kushner used <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> to conduct government business, raising concerns among cybersecurity experts that sensitive government communications could be vulnerable to exploitation by foreign governments and hackers.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman was reportedly one of the individuals that Kushner contacted through WhatsApp; in January 2020, UN investigators said that there was evidence that bin Salman was involved in the hacking of Jeff Bezos's phone through WhatsApp communications, advising that Kushner and others in contact with the Crown Prince should take measures to protect their communications.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Kushner reportedly used WhatsApp to communicate with his coronavirus team during March and April 2020.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Ethics watchdogs have since confirmed that Kushner turned over his WhatsApp records prior to departing the White House, and that these records have been acquired in full by the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pardoning_white_collar_criminals">Pardoning white collar criminals</h3></div> Upon his suggestion and the <a href="/wiki/Aleph_Institute" title="Aleph Institute">Aleph Institute</a>, several <a href="/wiki/White-collar_crime" title="White-collar crime">white collar criminals</a> have been pardoned; for example in 2020 Philip Esformes, who <a href="/wiki/Medicare_fraud" title="Medicare fraud">defrauded Medicare</a> for about $1.3 billion. Esformes has been described as "a man driven by almost unbounded greed,".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secret_Service_protection">Secret Service protection</h3></div> Jared Kushner was in the list of 13 family members and three Cabinet appointees, who were granted security for additional six months after Donald Trump left the White House, a dispensation which had also been granted to Sasha and Malia Obama.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> In May 2021, four months after Donald Trump had vacated the Presidency, the Daily Beast reported Kushner's Secret Service security team accompanied him to Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, incurring US State Department costs of $12,950. Kushner cited the requirement of high security for which a total of 50 "room nights" at $259 each were booked between May 5 and 14 at Abu Dhabi's Ritz-Carlton hotel. Ethics watchdogs raised concerns of financial connections between Kushner and the UAE, citing that former Senior Advisor to the US president was believed to be "particularly manipulable" by the UAE. A month before Trump left office, Kushner's last overseas trip cost US taxpayers around $24,335 in hotel costs alone.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Kushner has a younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Kushner" title="Joshua Kushner">Joshua</a>, and two sisters, Dara and Nicole.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> He married <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a> in a Jewish ceremony on October 25, 2009. They had met in 2005 through mutual friends.<a href="#cite_note-nymag72009-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Kushner and his wife Ivanka (who <a href="/wiki/Converted_to_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Converted to Judaism">converted to Judaism</a> in 2009<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a>) are <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Orthodox Jew">Modern Orthodox Jews</a>, keep a <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> home, and observe the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> They have three children, a daughter born in July 2011<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> and two sons, born in October 2013<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> and March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews-theodore-283">[283]</a> In 2004, Kushner's father pleaded guilty to eighteen felony counts of <a href="/wiki/Tax_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax fraud">tax fraud</a>, election violations, and witness tampering.<a href="#cite_note-The_legacy-284">[284]</a> (He retaliated against his own sister who was a cooperating witness in the case.)<a href="#cite_note-examiner20170416-20">[20]</a> The case against Charles Kushner was prosecuted by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, who later became Governor of New Jersey and, for a period was part of Donald Trump's election campaign team in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-The_legacy-284">[284]</a> Christie subsequently claimed that Jared Kushner was responsible for having him fired as revenge for sending his father to prison.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In 2017, federal disclosures suggested Kushner and his wife Ivanka Trump had assets worth at least $240 million, and as much as $740 million.<a href="#cite_note-drucker1-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-White_House_top_aides_raked_in_millions_last_year-287">[287]</a> They also have an art collection, estimated to be worth millions, that was not mentioned in the financial disclosures initially.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Government_Ethics" title="United States Office of Government Ethics">United States Office of Government Ethics</a> has said that the updated disclosures comply with the regulations and laws.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> Kushner was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in October 2019 and underwent treatment for it during the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump Administration</a>, he recounts in <a href="#Political_memoir:_Breaking_History">his political memoir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In August 2022 he underwent a second thyroid surgery.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> Kushner appeared in the 2022 documentary <a href="/wiki/Unprecedented_(miniseries)" title="Unprecedented (miniseries)">Unprecedented</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Independent-292">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2></div> <dl><dt>Foreign honors</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>: Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ouissam_Alaouite" title="Order of Ouissam Alaouite">Order of Ouissam Alaouite</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">King Mohammed VI</a><a href="#cite_note-washingtonexaminer.com-293">[293]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: Sash of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> (2018)<a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_2-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_3-3">[3]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: Commander's Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Order_of_Merit" title="Hungarian Order of Merit">Hungarian Order of Merit</a> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li></ul> Domestic honors <ul><li>National Security Medal<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li>Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service<a href="#cite_note-washingtonexaminer.com-293">[293]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKushner2021" class="citation news cs1">Kushner, Jared (March 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/opportunity-beckons-in-the-mideast-11615750526">"Opinion | Opportunity Beckons in the Mideast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Opportunity+Beckons+in+the+Mideast&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fopportunity-beckons-in-the-mideast-11615750526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushner2022" class="citation book cs1">Kushner, Jared (2022). <a href="/wiki/Breaking_History" title="Breaking History">Breaking history: a White House memoir</a> (First ed.). New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-322148-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-322148-2"><bdi>978-0-06-322148-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1319741976">1319741976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+history%3A+a+White+House+memoir&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1319741976&rft.isbn=978-0-06-322148-2&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=Jared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kushner_family" title="Kushner family">Kushner family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials_and_spies" class="mw-redirect" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies">Links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–present)">Special Counsel investigation (2017–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aztec_Eagle_1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aztec_Eagle_1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aztec_Eagle_1_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jared-kushner-receives-aztec-eagle-award-from-mexican-government/">"Jared Kushner receives "Aztec Eagle" award from Mexican government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. 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January 30, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jkha.org/pages/weekly-updates/digest/kushner-insider-1-30-15">the original</a> on April 22, 2016. 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New York City: Pro Publica Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124042137/https://www.propublica.org/article/the-story-behind-jared-kushners-curious-acceptance-into-harvard">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Propublica.org&rft.atitle=The+Story+Behind+Jared+Kushner%27s+Curious+Acceptance+into+Harvard&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.propublica.org%2Farticle%2Fthe-story-behind-jared-kushners-curious-acceptance-into-harvard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSales2017" class="citation web cs1">Sales, Ben (January 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2017/01/27/news-opinion/politics/jared-kushners-college-rabbi-recalls-a-snow-shoveling-student-mega-donor">"Jared Kushner's College Rabbi Recalls a Snow-Shoveling Student Mega-Donor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129051923/http://www.jta.org/2017/01/27/news-opinion/politics/jared-kushners-college-rabbi-recalls-a-snow-shoveling-student-mega-donor">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2017. <q>Beyond the surprise [$18,000] donation, Kushner ... recruited students to Chabad's programs, performed workaday tasks for the house and served as the emcee when Chabad dedicated a new building in 2003.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jared+Kushner%27s+College+Rabbi+Recalls+a+Snow-Shoveling+Student+Mega-Donor&rft.pub=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.aulast=Sales&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2017%2F01%2F27%2Fnews-opinion%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushners-college-rabbi-recalls-a-snow-shoveling-student-mega-donor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2003" class="citation web cs1">Nielsen, Jason (April 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/chabad/news%20articles/news_advocate.html">"Chabad House a Home to Many; Orthodox Jewish Organization Is Thriving at Liberal Harvard Campus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Advocate" title="The Jewish Advocate">The Jewish Advocate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705135212/http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/chabad/news%20articles/news_advocate.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Advocate&rft.atitle=Chabad+House+a+Home+to+Many%3B+Orthodox+Jewish+Organization+Is+Thriving+at+Liberal+Harvard+Campus&rft.date=2003-04-24&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hcs.harvard.edu%2Fchabad%2Fnews%2520articles%2Fnews_advocate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Its other vice president was his maternal uncle, Richard Stadtmauer, then vice chairman of Kushner Companies <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse2016" class="citation news cs1">Whitehouse, Kaja (September 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2016/09/12/family-of-trumps-son-in-law-linked-to-hedge-fund-probe/">"Family of Trump's Son-in-Law Linked to Hedge Fund Probe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Post">The New York Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418041556/http://nypost.com/2016/09/12/family-of-trumps-son-in-law-linked-to-hedge-fund-probe/">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Family+of+Trump%27s+Son-in-Law+Linked+to+Hedge+Fund+Probe&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=Kaja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2016%2F09%2F12%2Ffamily-of-trumps-son-in-law-linked-to-hedge-fund-probe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendergrass2017" class="citation web cs1">Pendergrass, Drew (March 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/3/9/jared-kushner-undergrad/">"Becoming Jared Kushner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">Harvard Crimson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320145401/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/3/9/jared-kushner-undergrad/">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2017. <q>Kushner was vice president of 10 corporations as an undergrad, each of which operated as a part of Kushner Companies... Richard Stadtmauer, Jared Kushner's uncle and the only other vice president ... listed in publicly available documents, was convicted of felony tax fraud in 2009 and sentenced to 38 months...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Becoming+Jared+Kushner&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.aulast=Pendergrass&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2017%2F3%2F9%2Fjared-kushner-undergrad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirkner2006" class="citation web cs1">Birkner, Gabrielle (August 4, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/new-york/kushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan/37370/">"Kushner Quietly Raising His Stake in Manhattan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121043403/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/kushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan/37370">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Kushner+Quietly+Raising+His+Stake+in+Manhattan&rft.date=2006-08-04&rft.aulast=Birkner&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fnew-york%2Fkushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan%2F37370%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsJackson2017" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Peter; Jackson, Abby (April 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/most-powerful-harvard-graduates-2017-4">"18 of the most powerful Harvard graduates alive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051112/http://www.businessinsider.com/most-powerful-harvard-graduates-2017-4">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=18+of+the+most+powerful+Harvard+graduates+alive&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Abby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmost-powerful-harvard-graduates-2017-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolden2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Golden" title="Daniel Golden">Golden, Daniel</a> (November 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/nov/18/jared-kushner-harvard-donald-trump-son-in-law">"How Did 'Less Than Stellar' High School Student Jared Kushner Get into Harvard?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London, England: Guardian Media Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408051526/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/nov/18/jared-kushner-harvard-donald-trump-son-in-law">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2017. <q>Charles and Seryl Kushner were both on [Harvard's Committee on University Resources]... His sons Jared and Joshua had both enrolled there... In 1998 ... [Charles] had pledged $2.5m to Harvard ... [and] also visited Neil Rudenstine, then Harvard president, and discussed funding a scholarship program for low- and middle-income students.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Did+%27Less+Than+Stellar%27+High+School+Student+Jared+Kushner+Get+into+Harvard%3F&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2016%2Fnov%2F18%2Fjared-kushner-harvard-donald-trump-son-in-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilletsRiley2002" class="citation news cs1">Pillets, Jeff; Riley, Clint (June 16, 2002). "Paying for Power: The Kushner Network". <a href="/wiki/Bergen_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Record">Bergen Record</a>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bergen+Record&rft.atitle=Paying+for+Power%3A+The+Kushner+Network&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2002-06-16&rft.aulast=Pillets&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Riley%2C+Clint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-examiner20170416-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-examiner20170416_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-examiner20170416_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYork2017" class="citation news cs1">York, Byron (April 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/byron-york-the-sordid-case-behind-jared-kushners-grudge-against-chris-christie">"Byron York: The sordid case behind Jared Kushner's grudge against Chris Christie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a>. Washington, D.C.: MediaDC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211061534/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/byron-york-the-sordid-case-behind-jared-kushners-grudge-against-chris-christie">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=Byron+York%3A+The+sordid+case+behind+Jared+Kushner%27s+grudge+against+Chris+Christie&rft.date=2017-04-16&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fbyron-york-the-sordid-case-behind-jared-kushners-grudge-against-chris-christie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-jared-kushner-trump-card/">Jared Kushner's trump card</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407220850/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-jared-kushner-trump-card/">Archived</a> April 7, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bloomberg Businessweek </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/new-york/kushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan/37370">"Kushner Quietly Raising His Stake in Manhattan"</a>. The New York Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402215749/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/kushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan/37370">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Kushner+Quietly+Raising+His+Stake+in+Manhattan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fnew-york%2Fkushner-quietly-raising-his-stake-in-manhattan%2F37370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-therealdeal.com-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-therealdeal.com_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-therealdeal.com_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiore2007" class="citation web cs1">Piore, Adam (October 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/behind-the-record-deal-for-666-fifth-avenue">"Behind the record deal for 666 Fifth Avenue"</a>. The Real Deal. Korangy Publishing Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001053022/http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/behind-the-record-deal-for-666-fifth-avenue/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal&rft.atitle=Behind+the+record+deal+for+666+Fifth+Avenue&rft.date=2007-10-22&rft.aulast=Piore&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2Fissues_articles%2Fbehind-the-record-deal-for-666-fifth-avenue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2014" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Katherine (February 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/jared-kushner-the-accidental-ceo">"Jared Kushner, the accidental CEO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Deal_(magazine)" title="The Real Deal (magazine)">The Real Deal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610113516/http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/jared-kushner-the-accidental-ceo/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner%2C+the+accidental+CEO&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2Fissues_articles%2Fjared-kushner-the-accidental-ceo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://therealdeal.com/blog/2013/06/03/crown-highgate-to-pay-1-3b-for-650-madison/">The Real Deal: "$1.3B sale of 650 Madison hinges on dramatic increase in retail value, sources say" by Adam Pincus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203083805/http://therealdeal.com/blog/2013/06/03/crown-highgate-to-pay-1-3b-for-650-madison/">Archived</a> February 3, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> June 3, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgovino2011" class="citation web cs1">Agovino, Theresa (September 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crainsnewyork.com/dcce/20110913/12/real_estate/122/deals_active/2639480">"Private equity outfit signs on at 666 Fifth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain%27s_New_York_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Crain's New York Business">Crain's New York Business</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017021305/http://www.crainsnewyork.com/dcce/20110913/12/real_estate/122/deals_active/2639480">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.atitle=Private+equity+outfit+signs+on+at+666+Fifth&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft.aulast=Agovino&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Fdcce%2F20110913%2F12%2Freal_estate%2F122%2Fdeals_active%2F2639480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincus2012" class="citation web cs1">Pincus, Adam (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/a-666-fifth-scorecard/">"Tallying Who Won at 666 Fifth Avenue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Deal_(magazine)" title="The Real Deal (magazine)">The Real Deal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201030409/https://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/a-666-fifth-scorecard/">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2017. <q>The Real Deal created a scorecard estimating how much in profits (or losses) all of the parties involved in 666 Fifth Avenue have walked away with. • Kushner Companies. Retail: Estimated profits of about $100 to $120 million. Office: Estimated current loss ... of more than $200 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal&rft.atitle=Tallying+Who+Won+at+666+Fifth+Avenue&rft.date=2012-08&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2Fissues_articles%2Fa-666-fifth-scorecard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlesci2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Alesci" title="Cristina Alesci">Alesci, Cristina</a> (April 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/23/politics/charles-jared-kushner-666-fifth-avenue/index.html">"Charles Kushner: 'I pushed Jared to do the deal' for 666 Fifth Ave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707175642/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/23/politics/charles-jared-kushner-666-fifth-avenue/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Kushner%3A+%27I+pushed+Jared+to+do+the+deal%27+for+666+Fifth+Ave.&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.aulast=Alesci&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2Fpolitics%2Fcharles-jared-kushner-666-fifth-avenue%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therealdeal.com/2011/11/23/jared-kushner-and-cim-group-partner-to-buy-200-lafayette-street-from-investors-john-zaccaro-in-deal-marketed-by-massey-knakal/">"Kushner, CIM partner to buy 200 Lafayette Street for $50M"</a>. The Real Deal. November 23, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622051752/https://therealdeal.com/2011/11/23/jared-kushner-and-cim-group-partner-to-buy-200-lafayette-street-from-investors-john-zaccaro-in-deal-marketed-by-massey-knakal/">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal&rft.atitle=Kushner%2C+CIM+partner+to+buy+200+Lafayette+Street+for+%2450M&rft.date=2011-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2F2011%2F11%2F23%2Fjared-kushner-and-cim-group-partner-to-buy-200-lafayette-street-from-investors-john-zaccaro-in-deal-marketed-by-massey-knakal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2013/09/18/general-growth-to-buy-jcp-offices-from-kushner-group-for-150m/">"General Growth to buy JCP offices from Kushner group for $150M"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>. September 18, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912061633/http://nypost.com/2013/09/18/general-growth-to-buy-jcp-offices-from-kushner-group-for-150m/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=General+Growth+to+buy+JCP+offices+from+Kushner+group+for+%24150M&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2013%2F09%2F18%2Fgeneral-growth-to-buy-jcp-offices-from-kushner-group-for-150m%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2017/09/07/kushner-cos-drops-out-of-deal-to-buy-a-hotel-from-the-jehovahs-witnesses/">"Kushner Cos. drops out of deal to buy a hotel from the Jehovah's Witnesses"</a>. Brooklyn Eagle. September 7, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231652/https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2017/09/07/kushner-cos-drops-out-of-deal-to-buy-a-hotel-from-the-jehovahs-witnesses/">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Eagle&rft.atitle=Kushner+Cos.+drops+out+of+deal+to+buy+a+hotel+from+the+Jehovah%27s+Witnesses&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrooklyneagle.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F09%2F07%2Fkushner-cos-drops-out-of-deal-to-buy-a-hotel-from-the-jehovahs-witnesses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2014/05/13/etsy-leases-huge-space-in-kushners-watchtower-complex/">"Etsy leases huge space in Kushner's Watchtower complex"</a>. Brooklyn Eagle. May 13, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725194013/https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2014/05/13/etsy-leases-huge-space-in-kushners-watchtower-complex/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Eagle&rft.atitle=Etsy+leases+huge+space+in+Kushner%27s+Watchtower+complex&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrooklyneagle.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F05%2F13%2Fetsy-leases-huge-space-in-kushners-watchtower-complex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharf" class="citation web cs1">Sharf, Samantha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2017/10/10/exclusive-jared-kushner-sells-majority-stake-in-real-estate-tech-firm-wiredscore/">"Jared Kushner Sells Majority Stake In Real Estate Tech Firm WiredScore"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220805194806/https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2017/10/10/exclusive-jared-kushner-sells-majority-stake-in-real-estate-tech-firm-wiredscore/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+Sells+Majority+Stake+In+Real+Estate+Tech+Firm+WiredScore&rft.aulast=Sharf&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsamanthasharf%2F2017%2F10%2F10%2Fexclusive-jared-kushner-sells-majority-stake-in-real-estate-tech-firm-wiredscore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Litten2014" class="citation web cs1">Kevin Litten (August 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/blog/real-estate/2014/08/donald-trumps-son-in-law-buys-3-middle-river.html">"Donald Trump's son-in-law buys 3 Middle River apartment complexes"</a>. Bizjournal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822013210/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/blog/real-estate/2014/08/donald-trumps-son-in-law-buys-3-middle-river.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%27s+son-in-law+buys+3+Middle+River+apartment+complexes&rft.pub=Bizjournal&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft.au=Kevin+Litten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fbaltimore%2Fblog%2Freal-estate%2F2014%2F08%2Fdonald-trumps-son-in-law-buys-3-middle-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox23.com/news/luxury-apartment-complex-near-downtown-tulsa-sold-68-million-dollars/OZTFO2XCC5CDLDODTLNPKSBRAA/">"Luxury apartment complex near downtown Tulsa sold for $68 million"</a>. FOX23 News. April 28, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428032508/https://www.fox23.com/news/luxury-apartment-complex-near-downtown-tulsa-sold-68-million-dollars/OZTFO2XCC5CDLDODTLNPKSBRAA/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FOX23+News&rft.atitle=Luxury+apartment+complex+near+downtown+Tulsa+sold+for+%2468+million&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox23.com%2Fnews%2Fluxury-apartment-complex-near-downtown-tulsa-sold-68-million-dollars%2FOZTFO2XCC5CDLDODTLNPKSBRAA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Globes-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Globes_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Globes_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Israel2015" class="citation web cs1">Ben-Israel, Adi (May 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150516204206/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-africa-israel-sells-times-square-building-for-295m-1001036416">"Africa Israel sells Times Square building for $295m"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globes_(newspaper)" title="Globes (newspaper)">Globes</a> English. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-africa-israel-sells-times-square-building-for-295m-1001036416">the original</a> on May 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globes+English&rft.atitle=Africa+Israel+sells+Times+Square+building+for+%24295m&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.aulast=Ben-Israel&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-africa-israel-sells-times-square-building-for-295m-1001036416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chung1-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chung1_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chung1_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chung1_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chung1_37-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChung2017" class="citation web cs1">Chung, Juliet (May 3, 2017). "A Tech Startup's Major Investors". <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. p. A2. <q>Kushner co-founded Cadre in 2014... To get off the ground, Cadre turned to a Goldman Sachs fund and a number of high-profile investors... Cadre also secured a $250 million line of credit from the family office of George Soros... Soros' family office is also an investor in Cadre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Tech+Startup%27s+Major+Investors&rft.pages=A2&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2017" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Jen (May 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/report-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html">"Jared Kushner Reportedly Failed to Disclose Stake in Real-Estate Tech Start-Up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505032452/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/report-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2017. <q>Kushner did not list his part-ownership in a real-estate start-up called Cadre, whose investors include a Goldman Sachs fund ... and George Soros, the Democratic megadonor and favorite target of the <a href="/wiki/Trumpian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpian">Trumpian</a> base.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+Reportedly+Failed+to+Disclose+Stake+in+Real-Estate+Tech+Start-Up&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2017%2F05%2Freport-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorvino2016" class="citation web cs1">Sorvino, Chloe (December 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2016/12/18/jared-josh-kushner-fortune-donald-trump-real-estate/">"Here's How Much Jared Kushner and His Family Are Really Worth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170511044352/https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2016/12/18/jared-josh-kushner-fortune-donald-trump-real-estate/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2017. <q>Josh ... and Jared also cofounded Cadre, an online platform for investing in real estate, in 2014. Two years later, it raised $50 million from a group of big-name investors including Goldman Sachs ... billionaire George Soros's private equity firm and Russian billionaire tech investor Yuri Milner.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Here%27s+How+Much+Jared+Kushner+and+His+Family+Are+Really+Worth&rft.date=2016-12-18&rft.aulast=Sorvino&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchloesorvino%2F2016%2F12%2F18%2Fjared-josh-kushner-fortune-donald-trump-real-estate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPutzier2017" class="citation web cs1">Putzier, Konrad (January 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therealdeal.com/2017/01/27/george-soros-is-the-secret-financier-behind-kushner-backed-startup-cadre/">"George Soros is the secret financier behind Kushner-backed startup Cadre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Deal_(magazine)" title="The Real Deal (magazine)">The Real Deal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515104641/https://therealdeal.com/2017/01/27/george-soros-is-the-secret-financier-behind-kushner-backed-startup-cadre/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2017. <q>George Soros' Soros Fund Management has quietly been financing the Kushner-backed real estate finance startup Cadre with a substantial credit line, according to sources familiar with the matter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal&rft.atitle=George+Soros+is+the+secret+financier+behind+Kushner-backed+startup+Cadre&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.aulast=Putzier&rft.aufirst=Konrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2F2017%2F01%2F27%2Fgeorge-soros-is-the-secret-financier-behind-kushner-backed-startup-cadre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eaglesham1-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eaglesham1_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eaglesham1_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEagleshamChungSchwartz2017" class="citation web cs1">Eaglesham, Jean; Chung, Juliet; Schwartz, Lisa (May 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-adviser-jared-kushner-didnt-disclose-startup-stake-1493717405">"Trump Adviser Kushner's Undisclosed Partners Include Goldman and Soros"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504052135/https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-adviser-jared-kushner-didnt-disclose-startup-stake-1493717405">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2017. <q>Kushner ... is currently in business with Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and billionaires George Soros and Peter Thiel, according to people familiar with the matter and securities filings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Trump+Adviser+Kushner%27s+Undisclosed+Partners+Include+Goldman+and+Soros&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=Eaglesham&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Chung%2C+Juliet&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftrump-adviser-jared-kushner-didnt-disclose-startup-stake-1493717405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.thinkprogress.org/https-thinkprogress-org-jared-kushner-disclosure-bc28497963ea/">"Jared Kushner retains ownership in multi-million dollar tech company, didn't disclose it"</a>. July 7, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220919220421/https://archive.thinkprogress.org/https-thinkprogress-org-jared-kushner-disclosure-bc28497963ea/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2022. 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Retrieved February 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+son-in-law+Jared+Kushner+will+step+down+as+publisher+of+the+Observer%2C+and+have+no+%27ownership+stake%27&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft.aulast=McAlone&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjared-kushner-steps-down-as-publisher-of-the-observer-2017-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchallhorn2018" class="citation web cs1">Schallhorn, Kaitlyn (February 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/jared-kushners-ties-to-the-white-house-link-to-the-russia-investigation">"Jared Kushner's ties to the White House, link to the Russia investigation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a>. 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Retrieved June 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News+Channel&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner%27s+ties+to+the+White+House%2C+link+to+the+Russia+investigation&rft.date=2018-02-27&rft.aulast=Schallhorn&rft.aufirst=Kaitlyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushners-ties-to-the-white-house-link-to-the-russia-investigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilord" class="citation news cs1">Milord, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elitedaily.com/p/jared-kushners-brother-reportedly-donated-money-to-march-for-our-lives-its-a-lot-8487782">"Jared Kushner's Brother Reportedly Donated A Lot Of Money To March For Our Lives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elite_Daily" title="Elite Daily">Elite Daily</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015501/https://www.elitedaily.com/p/jared-kushners-brother-reportedly-donated-money-to-march-for-our-lives-its-a-lot-8487782">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2018. 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Retrieved June 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Family+Really+Has+a+Long+History+of+Giving+Money+to%2C+Praising%2C+and+Endorsing+Democrats&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.aulast=Mathis-Lilley&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe_slatest%2F2016%2F07%2F21%2Ftrumps_kushner_have_history_of_supporting_clinton_obama_other_democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantor2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Kantor" title="Jodi Kantor">Kantor, Jodi</a> (February 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/11/us/politics/jared-kushner-israel.html">"For Kushner, Israel Policy May Be Shaped by the 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+In-Law+in+the+Trump+Inner+Circle%3A+Jared+Kushner%27s+Steadying+Hand&rft.date=2016-11-19&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F11%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushner-donald-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2016" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Rebecca (May 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/05/31/jared_kushner_trumps_unlikely_wing_man.html">"Jared Kushner, Trump's Unlikely Wing Man"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202062957/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2016/05/31/jared_kushner_trumps_unlikely_wing_man.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jared+Kushner%2C+Trump%27s+Unlikely+Wing+Man&rft.pub=RealClearPolitics&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F05%2F31%2Fjared_kushner_trumps_unlikely_wing_man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathis-Lilley,_Ben2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Mathis-Lilley, Ben (July 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2016/07/21/trumps_kushner_have_history_of_supporting_clinton_obama_other_democrats.html">"Trump's Family Really Has a Long History of Giving Money to, Praising, and Endorsing Democrats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315091557/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2016/07/21/trumps_kushner_have_history_of_supporting_clinton_obama_other_democrats.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Family+Really+Has+a+Long+History+of+Giving+Money+to%2C+Praising%2C+and+Endorsing+Democrats&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.au=Mathis-Lilley%2C+Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe_slatest%2F2016%2F07%2F21%2Ftrumps_kushner_have_history_of_supporting_clinton_obama_other_democrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDylan2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Dylan (July 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adweek.com/digital/observer-owner-jared-kushner-100000-in-political-contributions-since-1992/">"Observer Owner Jared Kushner: $100,000 in Political Contributions Since 1992"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adweek" title="Adweek">Adweek</a>. 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Kushner, a widely respected businessman and real estate developer was instrumental in formulating and executing the strategy behind President-elect Trump's historic victory...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President-Elect+Donald+J.+Trump+Names+Jared+Kushner+Senior+Advisor+to+the+President&rft.place=N.Y.C.&rft.pub=GreatAgain&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft.aulast=Trump&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D120984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Executive_Office_of_the_President_Annual_Report_To_Congress_On_White_House_Office_Personnel_White_House_Office_As_Of:_Friday,_June_30,_2017-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Executive_Office_of_the_President_Annual_Report_To_Congress_On_White_House_Office_Personnel_White_House_Office_As_Of:_Friday,_June_30,_2017_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/docs/disclosures/07012017-report-final.pdf">"Executive Office of the President Annual Report To Congress On White House Office Personnel White House Office As Of: Friday, June 30, 2017"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a>. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120195132/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/docs/disclosures/07012017-report-final.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2017 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Executive+Office+of+the+President+Annual+Report+To+Congress+On+White+House+Office+Personnel+White+House+Office+As+Of%3A+Friday%2C+June+30%2C+2017&rft.pages=15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrumpwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fsites%2Fwhitehouse.gov%2Ffiles%2Fdocs%2Fdisclosures%2F07012017-report-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trump_son-in-law_Jared_Kushner_will_step_down_as_publisher_of_the_Observer,_and_have_no_'ownership_stake'-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Trump_son-in-law_Jared_Kushner_will_step_down_as_publisher_of_the_Observer,_and_have_no_'ownership_stake'_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAlone2017" class="citation magazine cs1">McAlone, Nathan (January 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jared-kushner-steps-down-as-publisher-of-the-observer-2017-1">"Trump Son-in-Law Jared Kushner Will Step Down as Publisher of the Observer, and Have No 'Ownership Stake'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170512112415/http://www.businessinsider.com/jared-kushner-steps-down-as-publisher-of-the-observer-2017-1">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+Son-in-Law+Jared+Kushner+Will+Step+Down+as+Publisher+of+the+Observer%2C+and+Have+No+%27Ownership+Stake%27&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft.aulast=McAlone&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjared-kushner-steps-down-as-publisher-of-the-observer-2017-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ivanka_Trump's_meeting_with_the_Japanese_prime_minister_looks_even_worse_now-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Ivanka_Trump's_meeting_with_the_Japanese_prime_minister_looks_even_worse_now_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2016" class="citation news cs1">Garcia, Feliks (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ivanka-trump-japan-business-deal-donald-trump-shinzo-abe-prime-minister-a7457161.html">"Ivanka Trump's meeting with the Japanese prime minister looks even worse now"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204004640/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ivanka-trump-japan-business-deal-donald-trump-shinzo-abe-prime-minister-a7457161.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump%27s+meeting+with+the+Japanese+prime+minister+looks+even+worse+now&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Feliks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fivanka-trump-japan-business-deal-donald-trump-shinzo-abe-prime-minister-a7457161.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn2016" class="citation magazine cs1">John, Tara (December 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2016/12/05/ivanka-trump-donald-trump-japan-shinzo-abe/">"Ivanka Trump Had Business at Stake When She Met Japan's Prime Minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204171648/http://fortune.com/2016/12/05/ivanka-trump-donald-trump-japan-shinzo-abe/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump+Had+Business+at+Stake+When+She+Met+Japan%27s+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2016%2F12%2F05%2Fivanka-trump-donald-trump-japan-shinzo-abe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmittLandlerApuzzo2017" class="citation news cs1">Schmitt, Mark; Landler, Eric; Apuzzo, Matt (May 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/18/world/middleeast/jared-kushner-saudi-arabia-arms-deal-lockheed.html">"$110 Billion Weapons Sale to Saudis Has Jared Kushner's Personal Touch"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527011344/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/18/world/middleeast/jared-kushner-saudi-arabia-arms-deal-lockheed.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%24110+Billion+Weapons+Sale+to+Saudis+Has+Jared+Kushner%27s+Personal+Touch&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Landler%2C+Eric&rft.au=Apuzzo%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fjared-kushner-saudi-arabia-arms-deal-lockheed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_90-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_90-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_90-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrickKelly2022" class="citation news cs1">Kirkpatrick, David D.; Kelly, Kate (April 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/10/us/jared-kushner-saudi-investment-fund.html">"Before Giving Billions to Jared Kushner, Saudi Investment Fund Had Big Doubts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/10/us/jared-kushner-saudi-investment-fund.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Before+Giving+Billions+to+Jared+Kushner%2C+Saudi+Investment+Fund+Had+Big+Doubts&rft.date=2022-04-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F10%2Fus%2Fjared-kushner-saudi-investment-fund.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-overby1-91"><a href="#cite_ref-overby1_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverby2017" class="citation web cs1">Overby, Peter (April 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2017/04/25/525598501/watchdog-group-sees-conflicts-in-jared-kushners-vast-wealth-responsibilities">"Watchdog Group Sees Conflicts in Jared Kushner's Vast Wealth, Responsibilities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504085311/http://www.npr.org/2017/04/25/525598501/watchdog-group-sees-conflicts-in-jared-kushners-vast-wealth-responsibilities">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2017. <q>By Democracy 21's analysis, Kushner faces two huge conflict-of-interest hurdles... The legal hurdle involves China... The federal conflict-of-interest laws cover not only Kushner's own holdings but also his spouse's holdings – in this case, trademarks and other business activities in China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watchdog+Group+Sees+Conflicts+in+Jared+Kushner%27s+Vast+Wealth%2C+Responsibilities&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft.aulast=Overby&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F04%2F25%2F525598501%2Fwatchdog-group-sees-conflicts-in-jared-kushners-vast-wealth-responsibilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptonDrucker2017" class="citation news cs1">Lipton, Eric; Drucker, Jesse (May 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/08/us/politics/kushner-china-visa-eb-5.html">"Kushner Family Stands to Gain From Visa Rules in Trump's First Major Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509060940/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/08/us/politics/kushner-china-visa-eb-5.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kushner+Family+Stands+to+Gain+From+Visa+Rules+in+Trump%27s+First+Major+Law&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft.aulast=Lipton&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Drucker%2C+Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F08%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fkushner-china-visa-eb-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Entous_and_Evan_Osnos2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Adam Entous and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Osnos" title="Evan Osnos">Evan Osnos</a> (January 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/01/29/jared-kushner-is-chinas-trump-card">"Jared Kushner Is China's Trump Card"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180125002554/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/01/29/jared-kushner-is-chinas-trump-card">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+Is+China%27s+Trump+Card&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft.au=Adam+Entous+and+Evan+Osnos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2018%2F01%2F29%2Fjared-kushner-is-chinas-trump-card&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-drucker1-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drucker1_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-drucker1_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruckerLiptonHaberman2017" class="citation news cs1">Drucker, Jesse; Lipton, Eric; <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (April 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/us/politics/ivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-still-benefiting-from-business-empire-filings-show.html">"Trump's Family Still Benefiting from Businesses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508223906/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/us/politics/ivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-still-benefiting-from-business-empire-filings-show.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2017. <q>Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner ... will remain the beneficiaries of a sprawling real estate and investment business, ... according to ethics filings... The filing ... does not provide information on his business partners or lenders to his projects. His real estate firm has borrowed money from the likes of Goldman Sachs...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Family+Still+Benefiting+from+Businesses&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.aulast=Drucker&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.au=Lipton%2C+Eric&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F31%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-still-benefiting-from-business-empire-filings-show.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2017" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Jen (May 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/report-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html">"Jared Kushner Reportedly Failed to Disclose Stake in Start-up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505032452/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/05/report-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+Reportedly+Failed+to+Disclose+Stake+in+Start-up&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Jen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2017%2F05%2Freport-jared-kushner-failed-to-disclose-stake-in-startup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jared_Kushner_didn't_disclose_business_ties_to_George_Soros,_Peter_Thiel,_and_Goldman_Sachs,_or_that_he_owes_$1_billion_in_loans-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Jared_Kushner_didn't_disclose_business_ties_to_George_Soros,_Peter_Thiel,_and_Goldman_Sachs,_or_that_he_owes_$1_billion_in_loans_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondarenko2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Bondarenko, Veronika (May 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jared-kushner-ties-george-soros-goldman-sachs-peter-thiel-1-billion-loan-2017-5">"Jared Kushner didn't disclose business ties to George Soros, Peter Thiel, and Goldman Sachs, or that he owes $1 billion in loans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502174455/http://www.businessinsider.com/jared-kushner-ties-george-soros-goldman-sachs-peter-thiel-1-billion-loan-2017-5">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved May 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+didn%27t+disclose+business+ties+to+George+Soros%2C+Peter+Thiel%2C+and+Goldman+Sachs%2C+or+that+he+owes+%241+billion+in+loans&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Bondarenko&rft.aufirst=Veronika&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fjared-kushner-ties-george-soros-goldman-sachs-peter-thiel-1-billion-loan-2017-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jared-kushner-and-ivanka-trump-made-at-least-82-million-in-outside-income-last-year-while-serving-in-the-white-house-filings-show/2018/06/11/a41d0720-6dab-11e8-bd50-b80389a4e569_story.html">"Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump made at least $82 million in outside income last year while serving in the White House, filings show"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. June 11, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312202811/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/jared-kushner-and-ivanka-trump-made-at-least-82-million-in-outside-income-last-year-while-serving-in-the-white-house-filings-show/2018/06/11/a41d0720-6dab-11e8-bd50-b80389a4e569_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+and+Ivanka+Trump+made+at+least+%2482+million+in+outside+income+last+year+while+serving+in+the+White+House%2C+filings+show&rft.date=2018-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushner-and-ivanka-trump-made-at-least-82-million-in-outside-income-last-year-while-serving-in-the-white-house-filings-show%2F2018%2F06%2F11%2Fa41d0720-6dab-11e8-bd50-b80389a4e569_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmons2018" class="citation web cs1">Emmons, Alex (August 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/">"Saudi Arabia Planned to Invade Qatar Last Summer. Rex Tillerson's Efforts to Stop It May Have Cost Him His Job"</a>. The Intercept. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013081531/https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/rex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae/">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+Planned+to+Invade+Qatar+Last+Summer.+Rex+Tillerson%27s+Efforts+to+Stop+It+May+Have+Cost+Him+His+Job.&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Emmons&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2018%2F08%2F01%2Frex-tillerson-qatar-saudi-uae%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandlerHarris2017" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark; Harris, Gardiner (June 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/09/world/middleeast/rex-tillerson-calls-for-calm-in-middle-east-standoff-with-qatar.html">"Trump Team's Shifts Jolt Some Allies and Soothe Others"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202716/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/09/world/middleeast/rex-tillerson-calls-for-calm-in-middle-east-standoff-with-qatar.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Team%27s+Shifts+Jolt+Some+Allies+and+Soothe+Others&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Harris%2C+Gardiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Frex-tillerson-calls-for-calm-in-middle-east-standoff-with-qatar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41382495">"Kushner used private email account"</a>. London, England: <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. September 25, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925001605/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41382495">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kushner+used+private+email+account&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-41382495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/06/03/jared-kushner-axios-birtherism-trump-defense-palestinians/">"'I wasn't involved in that': Kushner is mum on Trump's birther conspiracy theory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607171413/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/06/03/jared-kushner-axios-birtherism-trump-defense-palestinians/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27I+wasn%27t+involved+in+that%27%3A+Kushner+is+mum+on+Trump%27s+birther+conspiracy+theory&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2019%2F06%2F03%2Fjared-kushner-axios-birtherism-trump-defense-palestinians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/kushner-mbs-refugees-racism-trump-legacy-a92d1982-4b6f-4164-a0e0-57d0a746c68e.html">"Exclusive: Jared Kushner on MBS, refugees, racism and Trump's legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. June 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604232946/https://www.axios.com/kushner-mbs-refugees-racism-trump-legacy-a92d1982-4b6f-4164-a0e0-57d0a746c68e.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Jared+Kushner+on+MBS%2C+refugees%2C+racism+and+Trump%27s+legacy&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fkushner-mbs-refugees-racism-trump-legacy-a92d1982-4b6f-4164-a0e0-57d0a746c68e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/jared-kushner-trump-refugee-asylum-cuts-immigration-c82460f1-d4d6-4bbf-bb00-e3d64a454915.html">"Jared Kushner, the grandson of refugees, defends Trump's refugee cuts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. June 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604091231/https://www.axios.com/jared-kushner-trump-refugee-asylum-cuts-immigration-c82460f1-d4d6-4bbf-bb00-e3d64a454915.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner%2C+the+grandson+of+refugees%2C+defends+Trump%27s+refugee+cuts&rft.date=2019-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fjared-kushner-trump-refugee-asylum-cuts-immigration-c82460f1-d4d6-4bbf-bb00-e3d64a454915.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-104"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syracuse.com/us-news/2020/03/jared-kushner-sells-stake-in-firm-that-benefited-from-trump-tax-breaks.html">"Jared Kushner sells stake in firm that benefited from Trump tax breaks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Syracuse.com">Syracuse.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Associated_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Associated Press">The Associated Press</a>. March 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314180503/https://www.syracuse.com/us-news/2020/03/jared-kushner-sells-stake-in-firm-that-benefited-from-trump-tax-breaks.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syracuse.com&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+sells+stake+in+firm+that+benefited+from+Trump+tax+breaks&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syracuse.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2F03%2Fjared-kushner-sells-stake-in-firm-that-benefited-from-trump-tax-breaks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheHill_White_House_innovation_office-105"><a href="#cite_ref-TheHill_White_House_innovation_office_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirozi2017" class="citation news cs1">Firozi, Paulina (March 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/325869-kushner-to-lead-white-house-innovation-office-report/">"Kushner to lead White House innovation office: report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327132239/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/325869-kushner-to-lead-white-house-innovation-office-report">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Kushner+to+lead+White+House+innovation+office%3A+report&rft.date=2017-03-26&rft.aulast=Firozi&rft.aufirst=Paulina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F325869-kushner-to-lead-white-house-innovation-office-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TechCrunch_White_House_office_for_'American_Innovation'-106"><a href="#cite_ref-TechCrunch_White_House_office_for_'American_Innovation'_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShieber2017" class="citation web cs1">Shieber, Jonathan (March 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/26/trump-to-create-white-house-office-for-american-innovation-to-be-headed-by-kushner/">"Trump to create White House office for 'American Innovation' to be headed by Kushner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327070605/https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/26/trump-to-create-white-house-office-for-american-innovation-to-be-headed-by-kushner/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trump+to+create+White+House+office+for+%27American+Innovation%27+to+be+headed+by+Kushner&rft.pub=TechCrunch&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft.aulast=Shieber&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2017%2F03%2F26%2Ftrump-to-create-white-house-office-for-american-innovation-to-be-headed-by-kushner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVick" class="citation magazine cs1">Vick, Karl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4800796/the-trials-of-jared-kushner/">"The Trials of Jared Kushner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601144749/http://time.com/4800796/the-trials-of-jared-kushner/">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Trials+of+Jared+Kushner&rft.aulast=Vick&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4800796%2Fthe-trials-of-jared-kushner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politicoprofile-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Politicoprofile_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScola2017" class="citation news cs1">Scola, Nancy (July 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/07/01/jared-kushner-office-american-innovation-000470/">"What Jared's office actually does"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=What+Jared%27s+office+actually+does&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft.aulast=Scola&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fagenda%2Fstory%2F2017%2F07%2F01%2Fjared-kushner-office-american-innovation-000470%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-transition-shake-part-stalinesque-purge-christie-loyalists-n684081">"Trump Transition Shake-Up Part of 'Stalinesque Purge' of Christie Loyalists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. November 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161115151719/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-transition-shake-part-stalinesque-purge-christie-loyalists-n684081">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trump+Transition+Shake-Up+Part+of+%27Stalinesque+Purge%27+of+Christie+Loyalists&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Ftrump-transition-shake-part-stalinesque-purge-christie-loyalists-n684081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2016/11/15/why-mike-rogerss-departure-from-the-trump-team-is-alarming">"Why Mike Rogers' Departure from the Trump Team Alarming"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 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Retrieved May 27, 2017. <q>Ambassador Sergey Kislyak reported to his superiors in Moscow that Kushner, son-in-law and confidant to then-President-elect Trump, made the proposal during a meeting on Dec. 1 or 2 at Trump Tower, according to intercepts of Russian communications that were reviewed by U.S. officials. Kislyak said Kushner suggested using Russian diplomatic facilities in the United States for the communications.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russian+ambassador+told+Moscow+that+Kushner+wanted+secret+communications+channel+with+Kremlin&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.aulast=Nakashima&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft.au=Entous%2C+Adam&rft.au=Miller%2C+Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Frussian-ambassador-told-moscow-that-kushner-wanted-secret-communications-channel-with-kremlin%2F2017%2F05%2F26%2F520a14b4-422d-11e7-9869-bac8b446820a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermanMazzettiApuzzo2017" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Maggie; Mazzetti, Mark; Apuzzo, Matt (May 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/us/politics/kushner-talked-to-russian-envoy-about-creating-secret-channel-with-kremlin.html">"Kushner Is Said to Have Discussed a Secret Channel to Talk to Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527034930/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/us/politics/kushner-talked-to-russian-envoy-about-creating-secret-channel-with-kremlin.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kushner+Is+Said+to+Have+Discussed+a+Secret+Channel+to+Talk+to+Russia&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft.au=Mazzetti%2C+Mark&rft.au=Apuzzo%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fkushner-talked-to-russian-envoy-about-creating-secret-channel-with-kremlin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerris-Rotman2017" class="citation web cs1">Ferris-Rotman, Amie (July 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/07/25/why-did-russia-send-sergei-gorkov-to-meet-with-jared-kushner/">"Why Did Russia Send Sergei Gorkov to Meet With Jared Kushner?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043534/https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/07/25/why-did-russia-send-sergei-gorkov-to-meet-with-jared-kushner/">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Did+Russia+Send+Sergei+Gorkov+to+Meet+With+Jared+Kushner%3F&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Ferris-Rotman&rft.aufirst=Amie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2017%2F07%2F25%2Fwhy-did-russia-send-sergei-gorkov-to-meet-with-jared-kushner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhn2017" class="citation web cs1">Luhn, Alec (June 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/03/sergei-gorkov-russian-banker-jared-kushner">"Who is Sergei Gorkov, the powerful Russian banker who met Jared Kushner?"</a>. theguardian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044210/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/03/sergei-gorkov-russian-banker-jared-kushner">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Who+is+Sergei+Gorkov%2C+the+powerful+Russian+banker+who+met+Jared+Kushner%3F&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fjun%2F03%2Fsergei-gorkov-russian-banker-jared-kushner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavia2017" class="citation web cs1">Pavia, Will (May 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/jared-kushner-named-as-person-of-interest-in-russia-probe/news-story/bd81a5a645f7138c6ad8f30fbffe5d80">"Kushner's Kremlin connection focus"</a>. The Australian. 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July 21, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224453/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/jared-kushner-agrees-house-intelligence-committee/story?id=48776109">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jared+Kushner+agrees+to+appear+before+House+Intelligence+Committee&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2017-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fjared-kushner-agrees-house-intelligence-committee%2Fstory%3Fid%3D48776109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2017/07/24/539022904/jared-kushner-s-statement-to-congress-about-russia-annotated">"Jared Kushner's Statement To Congress About Russia, Annotated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. July 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129171922/https://www.npr.org/2017/07/24/539022904/jared-kushner-s-statement-to-congress-about-russia-annotated">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jared+Kushner%27s+Statement+To+Congress+About+Russia%2C+Annotated&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2017%2F07%2F24%2F539022904%2Fjared-kushner-s-statement-to-congress-about-russia-annotated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Allan (November 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/senate-judiciary-committee-jared-kushner-document-request-2017-11">"The Senate Judiciary Committee sent Jared Kushner a big request for documents he has refused to provide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224430/http://www.businessinsider.com/senate-judiciary-committee-jared-kushner-document-request-2017-11">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2017. 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Retrieved December 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jared+Kushner+interviewed+by+special+counsel%27s+office&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fjared-kushner-interviewed-special-counsel-robert-mueller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-12-01/kushner-is-said-to-have-ordered-flynn-to-contact-russia">"Kushner Is Said to Have Ordered Flynn to Contact Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a>. December 1, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180101103257/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-12-01/kushner-is-said-to-have-ordered-flynn-to-contact-russia">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kushner+Is+Said+to+Have+Ordered+Flynn+to+Contact+Russia&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fview%2Farticles%2F2017-12-01%2Fkushner-is-said-to-have-ordered-flynn-to-contact-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html">Trump Jr. and Other Aides Met With Gulf Emissary Offering Help to Win Election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613204813/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html">Archived</a> June 13, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 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Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Seeking+Backers+for+New+Fund%2C+Jared+Kushner+Turns+to+Middle+East&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+David+D.&rft.au=Rappeport%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fkushner-investment-middle-east.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/22/politics/kushner-documents-fbi/index.html">"Kushner's FBI interviews to be held for review, Justice Department says"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200203220225/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/22/politics/kushner-documents-fbi/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kushner%27s+FBI+interviews+to+be+held+for+review%2C+Justice+Department+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fkushner-documents-fbi%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/03/politics/mueller-documents-witnesses-cnn-buzzfeed/index.html">"Justice Department releases more Mueller documents to CNN and BuzzFeed"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204192140/https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/03/politics/mueller-documents-witnesses-cnn-buzzfeed/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2020. 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January 13, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908221612/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-new-rule-implementing-federal-time-credits-program-established">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2022. 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February 11, 2017. April 5, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox2017-08-24a-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox2017-08-24a_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox2017-08-24a_153-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/white-house-envoy-jared-kushner-begins-mideast-peace-push">"White House envoy Jared Kushner begins Mideast peace push"</a>. Fox News Channel. 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May 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503055811/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/03/lets-just-not-say-it-jared-kushner-says-two-state-label-hinders-middle-east-talks">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019. <q>Kushner, who is also widely distrusted by the Palestinians for his family ties to the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Let%27s+just+not+say+it%27%3A+Jared+Kushner+says+%27two-state%27+label+hinders+Middle+East+talks&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fmay%2F03%2Flets-just-not-say-it-jared-kushner-says-two-state-label-hinders-middle-east-talks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesOfIsrael2017-03-25a-155"><a href="#cite_ref-TimesOfIsrael2017-03-25a_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Estrin2017" class="citation news cs1">Daniel Estrin (March 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-son-in-laws-ties-to-israel-raise-questions-of-bias/">"Trump son-in-law's ties to Israel raise questions of bias"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424212254/https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-son-in-laws-ties-to-israel-raise-questions-of-bias/">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019. <q>Jared Kushner's personal links to Netanyahu, and his family's deals with major Israeli companies, could undermine US Mideast peace efforts ... Kushner and his family also have longstanding personal ties to Netanyahu. At a White House news conference last month, Netanyahu joked that he has known Kushner since he was a boy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Trump+son-in-law%27s+ties+to+Israel+raise+questions+of+bias&rft.date=2017-03-25&rft.au=Daniel+Estrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ftrump-son-in-laws-ties-to-israel-raise-questions-of-bias%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw2-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dw2_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dw2_156-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/trump-reveals-israeli-palestinian-peace-plan/a-52179629">"Trump reveals Israeli-Palestinian peace plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 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Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+U.A.E.+Agree+to+Establish+Formal+Diplomatic+Ties&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Felicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fisrael-united-arab-emirates-agree-to-establish-formal-diplomatic-relationship-11597333313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanco2020" class="citation web cs1">Banco, Erin (August 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/jared-kushner-is-working-on-more-mideast-pacts-with-israel/ar-BB17W024?li=BBnbcA1">"Jared Kushner Is Working On More MidEast Pacts With Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018221806/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/jared-kushner-is-working-on-more-mideast-pacts-with-israel/ar-BB17W024?li=BBnbcA1">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020. <q>for all the intentional focus by the White House on the president Thursday, senior administration officials say it was Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner who worked behind the scenes over the last several months to smooth out the agreement and convince Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Zayed (MBZ) to agree to it publicly in the lead up to the 2020 election. 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Retrieved September 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+Drops+Troubled+Annexation+Plan+for+Diplomatic+Gain&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft.aulast=Halbfinger&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-uae-annexation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-delegation-leads-historic-flight-israel-uae-discuss/story?id=72727105">"US delegation leads historic flight from Israel to UAE to discuss new ties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 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Retrieved September 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+delegation+leads+historic+flight+from+Israel+to+UAE+to+discuss+new+ties&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fus-delegation-leads-historic-flight-israel-uae-discuss%2Fstory%3Fid%3D72727105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/behind-scenes-us-brokered-bahrain-israel-deal-44d1a7d3-a93c-4eee-970e-1e354f314cf7.html">"Behind the scenes of the U.S.- brokered Israel-Bahrain agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. 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Retrieved October 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Behind+the+scenes+of+the+U.S.-+brokered+Israel-Bahrain+agreement&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fbehind-scenes-us-brokered-bahrain-israel-deal-44d1a7d3-a93c-4eee-970e-1e354f314cf7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindu:_Israel,_UAE,_Bahrain_Sign_Abraham_Accords-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Hindu:_Israel,_UAE,_Bahrain_Sign_Abraham_Accords_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2020" class="citation news cs1">PTI (September 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/israel-uae-and-bahrain-sign-abraham-accord-trump-says-dawn-of-new-middle-east/article32616867.ece">"Israel, UAE and Bahrain sign Abraham Accord; Trump says "dawn of new Middle East""</a>. The Hindu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919233123/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/israel-uae-and-bahrain-sign-abraham-accord-trump-says-dawn-of-new-middle-east/article32616867.ece">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+UAE+and+Bahrain+sign+Abraham+Accord%3B+Trump+says+%22dawn+of+new+Middle+East%22&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fisrael-uae-and-bahrain-sign-abraham-accord-trump-says-dawn-of-new-middle-east%2Farticle32616867.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichmann2020" class="citation news cs1">Reichmann, Deb (September 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kosovo-serbia-normalize-economic-ties-gesture-to-israel/2020/09/04/f803b83c-eec5-11ea-bd08-1b10132b458f_story.html">"Serbia, Kosovo normalize economic ties, gesture to Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925030212/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kosovo-serbia-normalize-economic-ties-gesture-to-israel/2020/09/04/f803b83c-eec5-11ea-bd08-1b10132b458f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2020. 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Retrieved December 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Morocco+to+normalize+ties+with+Israel+in+deal+with+Trump+over+Western+Sahara&rft.date=2020-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fmorocco-israel-deal-trump-recognize-western-sahara-a8685253-2b7b-4682-88c9-f3b85bbede68.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/trump-morocco-israel-inhofe-cc6e66a4-cd1b-4c08-9126-0c3e608b38fb.html">"Scoop: Fallout between Trump and top GOP senator made Morocco-Israel deal possible"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. 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Retrieved December 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Scoop%3A+Fallout+between+Trump+and+top+GOP+senator+made+Morocco-Israel+deal+possible&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Ftrump-morocco-israel-inhofe-cc6e66a4-cd1b-4c08-9126-0c3e608b38fb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2020" class="citation news cs1">Holland, Steve (November 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-usa-kushner/trump-senior-aide-kushner-and-team-heading-to-saudi-arabia-qatar-idUSKBN2890VJ">"Trump senior aide Kushner and team heading to Saudi Arabia, Qatar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214104136/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-usa-kushner/trump-senior-aide-kushner-and-team-heading-to-saudi-arabia-qatar-idUSKBN2890VJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2020. 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Retrieved January 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%2C+Qatar+to+sign+U.S.-brokered+deal+to+ease+Gulf+crisis&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Fgulf-crisis-saudi-qatar-kushner-a841850a-4fc6-4f6a-965a-628a03b9ad23.html%25C2%25A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/saudi-arabia-qatar-deal-end-blockade-kushner-talks-05495774-ad70-4134-a9e8-b324e08cdb75.html">"Saudi Arabia and Qatar near deal to end standoff, sources say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. 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Retrieved January 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+lifts+blockade+of+Qatar+in+breakthrough+agreement+easing+Gulf+crisis&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsaudi-arabia-lifts-blockade-qatar-breakthrough-agreement-eases-gulf-crisis-n1250102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/jared-kushner-nobel-peace-prize-nomination-b2014769.html">"Jared Kushner nominated for Nobel Peace Prize again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. 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Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Kushner%27s+Volunteer+Force+Led+a+Fumbling+Hunt+for+Medical+Supplies&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fus%2Fjared-kushner-fema-coronavirus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-earned-at-least-36-million-in-outside-income-last-year-new-disclosures-show/2020/07/31/9eb71e66-d36a-11ea-8c55-61e7fa5e82ab_story.html">"Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner earned at least $36 million in outside income last year, new disclosures show"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801013848/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-earned-at-least-36-million-in-outside-income-last-year-new-disclosures-show/2020/07/31/9eb71e66-d36a-11ea-8c55-61e7fa5e82ab_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump+and+Jared+Kushner+earned+at+least+%2436+million+in+outside+income+last+year%2C+new+disclosures+show&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fivanka-trump-and-jared-kushner-earned-at-least-36-million-in-outside-income-last-year-new-disclosures-show%2F2020%2F07%2F31%2F9eb71e66-d36a-11ea-8c55-61e7fa5e82ab_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermanWeiland2020" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Maggie; Weiland, Noah (March 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/politics/kushner-trump-coronavirus.html">"Inside the Coronavirus Response: A Case Study in the White House Under Trump"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317001032/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/us/politics/kushner-trump-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2020. 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Retrieved April 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+interviewed+by+Jan.+6+committee+for+more+than+six+hours&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Fjared-kushner-interviewed-jan-6-committee-six-hours-rcna22387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therealdeal.com/national/2023/08/18/jared-kushners-investment-firm-not-making-many-investments/">"Jared Kushner's Investment Firm Not Making Many Investments"</a>. August 18, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820152154/https://therealdeal.com/national/2023/08/18/jared-kushners-investment-firm-not-making-many-investments/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2023. 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Retrieved June 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+investment+firm+Affinity+raises+%243+billion+in+committed+funding&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fdeals%2Fjared-kushner-investment-firm-affinity-raises-3-billion-committed-funding-2021-12-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-225"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/2022-05-07/ty-article/jared-kushners-fund-to-invest-saudi-millions-in-israeli-tech-wsj-reports/00000180-a352-dc89-a3c9-ebfb3e520000">"Jared Kushner's Fund to Invest Saudi Millions in Israeli Tech, WSJ Reports"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315000706/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/2022-05-07/ty-article/jared-kushners-fund-to-invest-saudi-millions-in-israeli-tech-wsj-reports/00000180-a352-dc89-a3c9-ebfb3e520000">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2023. 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Kirkpatrick (June 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/us/politics/jared-kushner-house-investigation.html">"House Panel Examining Jared Kushner Over Saudi Investment in New Firm"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220606021513/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/us/politics/jared-kushner-house-investigation.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2022. 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August 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820153651/https://www.newsweek.com/republicans-turn-jared-kushner-crossed-line-1819069">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2023. 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August 11, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820154708/https://nypost.com/2023/08/10/comer-says-jared-kushner-crossed-the-line-of-ethics-by-accepting-2-billion-saudi-investment/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2023. 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Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sources%3A+Mueller+probe+stymies+Kushner+security+clearance&rft.date=2018-02-23&rft.aulast=Prokupecz&rft.aufirst=Shimon&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Jeremy&rft.au=Bash%2C+Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fjared-kushner-security-clearance-delay-mueller-investigation%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2018-05-23-nyt-254"><a href="#cite_ref-2018-05-23-nyt_254-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApuzzo2018" class="citation news cs1">Apuzzo, Matt (May 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/us/politics/jared-kushner-security-clearance.html">"Jared Kushner Gets Security Clearance, Ending Swirl of Questions Over Delay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303064035/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/us/politics/jared-kushner-security-clearance.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2019. 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Retrieved March 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump+says+she+and+Jared+Kushner+got+no+special+treatment+for+security+clearances&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fivanka-trump-jared-kushner-special-treatment-security-clearances%2Fstory%3Fid%3D60940398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019-03-01-wapo-257"><a href="#cite_ref-2019-03-01-wapo_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMost_Read_Politics" class="citation news cs1">Most Read Politics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/01/president-ivanka-trumps-egregious-deception-security-clearances/">"The president's and Ivanka Trump's egregious deception on security clearances"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301155135/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/01/president-ivanka-trumps-egregious-deception-security-clearances/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2019. 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Retrieved October 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-White+House+Official+Says+No+One+Pressured+Him+to+Overturn+Security+Clearance+Recommendations&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft.au=Fandos%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcarl-kline-security-clearance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerced2021" class="citation news cs1">Merced, Michael J. de la (March 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/13/business/dealbook/joshua-kushner-thrive.html">"The Other Kushner's Next Move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002124126/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/13/business/dealbook/joshua-kushner-thrive.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2022. 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Retrieved June 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tablet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump+and+Double+Standards+for+Jewish+Converts&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft.aulast=Mandel&rft.aufirst=Bethany+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fscroll%2F198879%2Fivanka-trump-and-double-standards-for-jewish-converts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2016" class="citation web cs1">Green, Emma (September 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/what-should-american-jews-make-of-ivanka-trump/498476/">"Ivanka Trump, the Jewish Daughter of David Duke's Favorite Candidate for President"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329140842/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/what-should-american-jews-make-of-ivanka-trump/498476/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump%2C+the+Jewish+Daughter+of+David+Duke%27s+Favorite+Candidate+for+President&rft.date=2016-09-04&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2016%2F09%2Fwhat-should-american-jews-make-of-ivanka-trump%2F498476%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeinart2017" class="citation web cs1">Beinart, Peter (January 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/opinion/361826/how-could-modern-orthodox-judaism-produce-jared-kushner/">"How Could Modern Orthodox Judaism Produce Jared Kushner?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329142239/http://forward.com/opinion/361826/how-could-modern-orthodox-judaism-produce-jared-kushner/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=How+Could+Modern+Orthodox+Judaism+Produce+Jared+Kushner%3F&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft.aulast=Beinart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fopinion%2F361826%2Fhow-could-modern-orthodox-judaism-produce-jared-kushner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/news/g2542/jared-kushner-facts/">"Jared Kushner Will Head Up a New White House Office with a Broad Mandate"</a>. 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Us Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015120948/http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/ivanka-trump-gives-birth-to-baby-boy-second-child-with-husband-jared-kushner-20131510">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Us+Weekly&rft.atitle=Ivanka+Trump+Gives+Birth+to+Baby+Boy%2C+Second+Child+With+Husband+Jared+Kushner&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.aulast=Eggenberger&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmagazine.com%2Fcelebrity-moms%2Fnews%2Fivanka-trump-gives-birth-to-baby-boy-second-child-with-husband-jared-kushner-20131510%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcnews-theodore-283"><a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews-theodore_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/donald-s-daughter-ivanka-trump-gives-birth-theodore-james-kushner-n546401">"Ivanka Trump Gives Birth to Theodore James Kushner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 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Retrieved July 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Alex+Holder%3A+How+a+little+known+British+filmmaker+came+to+be+at+the+centre+of+the+case+against+Trump&rft.date=2022-07-06&rft.aulast=Buncombe&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Ftrump-unprecedented-documentary-release-date-jan-6-b2116802.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonexaminer.com-293">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washingtonexaminer.com_293-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-washingtonexaminer.com_293-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/team-trump-wins-rare-recognition-kushner-berkowitz-scavino">"Team Trump wins rare recognition: Kushner, Berkowitz, Scavino"</a>. Washington Examiner. January 16, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004122913/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/washington-secrets/team-trump-wins-rare-recognition-kushner-berkowitz-scavino">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=Team+Trump+wins+rare+recognition%3A+Kushner%2C+Berkowitz%2C+Scavino&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fwashington-secrets%2Fteam-trump-wins-rare-recognition-kushner-berkowitz-scavino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-717976">"Jared Kushner receives Hungary's Order of Merit for diplomatic work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. September 22, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924141233/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-717976">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner+receives+Hungary%27s+Order+of+Merit+for+diplomatic+work&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-717976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-usa-awards-int-idUSKBN28Y0AG">"Trump gives awards to top aides for Arab-Israeli deals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. December 24, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055827/https://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-usa-awards-int-idUSKBN28Y0AG">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+gives+awards+to+top+aides+for+Arab-Israeli+deals&rft.date=2020-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fmideast-usa-awards-int-idUSKBN28Y0AG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jared_Kushner" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jared_Kushner" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/fashion/life-in-the-fishbowl-for-jared-kushner.html">Citizen Kushner</a>" – article in The New York Times, June 24, 2011</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissinger2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger, Henry</a> (April 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection-post/4742700/jared-kushner-2/">"Jared Kushner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Jared+Kushner&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft.aulast=Kissinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection-post%2F4742700%2Fjared-kushner-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/here-s-jared-kushner-s-full-statement-congress-n785836">Here's Jared Kushner's Full Statement to Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?109030">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4138582/">Jared Kushner</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13628723#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushner2022" class="citation book cs1">Kushner, Jared (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1319741976">Breaking History : a White House Memoir</a>. New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-322148-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-322148-2"><bdi>978-0-06-322148-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1319741976">1319741976</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+History+%3A+a+White+House+Memoir&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1319741976&rft.isbn=978-0-06-322148-2&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1319741976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vicky_Ward" title="Vicky Ward">Ward, Vicky</a> (2019). Kushner, Inc.: Greed. Ambition. Corruption. The Extraordinary Story of Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250185945" title="Special:BookSources/9781250185945"><bdi>9781250185945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kushner%2C+Inc.%3A+Greed.+Ambition.+Corruption.+The+Extraordinary+Story+of+Jared+Kushner+and+Ivanka+Trump&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781250185945&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Vicky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJared+Kushner" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Family_of_Donald_Trump" 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(father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump" title="Mary Anne MacLeod Trump">Mary Anne MacLeod Trump</a> (mother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Siblings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry" title="Maryanne Trump Barry">Maryanne Trump Barry</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr." title="Fred Trump Jr.">Fred Trump Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trump" title="Robert Trump">Robert Trump</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grandparents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Trump" title="Frederick Trump">Frederick Trump</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump" title="Elizabeth Christ Trump">Elizabeth Christ Trump</a> (grandmother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In-laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jared Kushner</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Trump" title="Lara Trump">Lara Trump</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Trump" title="Vanessa Trump">Vanessa Trump</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Trump" title="Blaine Trump">Blaine Trump</a> (former sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalija_Knavs" title="Amalija Knavs">Amalija Knavs</a> (mother-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a> (uncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Trump" title="Mary L. Trump">Mary L. Trump</a> (niece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump_III" title="Fred Trump III">Fred Trump III</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whitney_Walter" title="John Whitney Walter">John Whitney Walter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donald_Trump&#039;s_Executive_Office_of_the_President" style="text-align:left;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trump_Executive_Office" title="Template:Trump Executive Office"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trump_Executive_Office" title="Template talk:Trump Executive Office"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trump_Executive_Office" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trump Executive Office"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donald_Trump&#039;s_Executive_Office_of_the_President" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:21%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:21%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:5%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/H._R._McMaster" title="H. R. McMaster">H. R. McMaster</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney" title="Mick Mulvaney">Mick Mulvaney</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–20</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows" title="Mark Meadows">Mark Meadows</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._O%27Brien" title="Robert C. O'Brien">Robert C. O'Brien</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">Principal Deputy Chief of Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Walsh_(politician)" title="Katie Walsh (politician)">Katie Walsh</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_National_Security_Advisor" title="Deputy National Security Advisor">Deputy National Security Advisor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/K._T._McFarland" title="K. T. McFarland">K. T. McFarland</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kirstjen_Nielsen" title="Kirstjen Nielsen">Kirstjen Nielsen</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ricky_L._Waddell" title="Ricky L. Waddell">Ricky L. Waddell</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/James_W._Carroll" title="James W. Carroll">James W. Carroll</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mira_Ricardel" title="Mira Ricardel">Mira Ricardel</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Fuentes" title="Zachary Fuentes">Zachary Fuentes</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kupperman" title="Charles Kupperman">Charles Kupperman</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Emma_Doyle" title="Emma Doyle">Emma Doyle</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–20</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Pottinger" title="Matthew Pottinger">Matthew Pottinger</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Dearborn" title="Rick Dearborn">Rick Dearborn</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Advisor" title="Homeland Security Advisor">Homeland Security Advisor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bossert" title="Tom Bossert">Tom Bossert</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Liddell" title="Chris Liddell">Chris Liddell</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Doug_Fears" title="Doug Fears">Doug Fears</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hagin" title="Joe Hagin">Joe Hagin</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Brown" title="Peter J. Brown">Peter J. Brown</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Daniel Walsh</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Nesheiwat" title="Julia Nesheiwat">Julia Nesheiwat</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Anthony M. Ornato</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. Natl. Security Advisor, Strategy</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Powell" title="Dina Powell">Dina Powell</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shine" title="Bill Shine">Bill Shine</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Schadlow" title="Nadia Schadlow">Nadia Schadlow</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Scavino" title="Dan Scavino">Dan Scavino</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. Natl. Security Advisor, Middle East and North African Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coates" title="Victoria Coates">Victoria Coates</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–20</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dubke" title="Michael Dubke">Michael Dubke</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_DeStefano" title="Johnny DeStefano">Johnny DeStefano</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Lyons" title="Derek Lyons">Derek Lyons</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Shine" title="Bill Shine">Bill Shine</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Senior Advisor, Strategic Planning</td><td style="width:8%"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jared Kushner</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Grisham" title="Stephanie Grisham">Stephanie Grisham</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Senior Advisor, Policy</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Senior Advisor, Economic Issues</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Hassett" title="Kevin Hassett">Kevin Hassett</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sarah Huckabee Sanders</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Advisor</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka Trump</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Grisham" title="Stephanie Grisham">Stephanie Grisham</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Liaison" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Public Liaison">Public Liaison</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/George_Sifakis" title="George Sifakis">George Sifakis</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany" title="Kayleigh McEnany">Kayleigh McEnany</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_DeStefano" title="Johnny DeStefano">Johnny DeStefano</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"> Deputy Press Secretary</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sarah Huckabee Sanders</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Clark" title="Justin R. Clark">Justin R. Clark</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Raj_Shah" title="Raj Shah">Raj Shah</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Munisteri" title="Steve Munisteri">Steve Munisteri</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Hogan_Gidley" title="Hogan Gidley">Hogan Gidley</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pataki" title="Timothy Pataki">Timothy Pataki</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Brian R. Morgenstern</td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Clark" title="Justin R. Clark">Justin R. Clark</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Strategic_Communications" title="White House Director of Strategic Communications">Director, Strategic Communications</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hoelscher" title="Douglas Hoelscher">Douglas Hoelscher</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Schlapp" title="Mercedes Schlapp">Mercedes Schlapp</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)" title="National Economic Council (United States)">National Economic Council</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cohn" title="Gary Cohn">Gary Cohn</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Alyssa Farah</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kudlow" title="Larry Kudlow">Larry Kudlow</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Social Media</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Scavino" title="Dan Scavino">Dan Scavino</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Hassett" title="Kevin Hassett">Kevin Hassett</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–19</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Legislative Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Short" title="Marc Short">Marc Short</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tomas_J._Philipson" title="Tomas J. Philipson">Tomas J. Philipson</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–20</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Shahira_Knight" title="Shahira Knight">Shahira Knight</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Goodspeed" title="Tyler Goodspeed">Tyler Goodspeed</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Ueland" title="Eric Ueland">Eric Ueland</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">Domestic Policy Council</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bremberg" title="Andrew Bremberg">Andrew Bremberg</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Swonger" title="Amy Swonger">Amy Swonger</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Grogan" title="Joe Grogan">Joe Grogan</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–20</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Political Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Stepien" title="Bill Stepien">Bill Stepien</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Jack" title="Brian Jack">Brian Jack</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_National_Trade_Council" title="White House National Trade Council">National Trade Council</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Presidential_Personnel_Office" title="White House Presidential Personnel Office">Presidential Personnel</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_DeStefano" title="Johnny DeStefano">Johnny DeStefano</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Don_McGahn" title="Don McGahn">Don McGahn</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Sean E. Doocey</td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Emmet_Flood" title="Emmet Flood">Emmet Flood</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">John McEntee</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cipollone" title="Pat Cipollone">Pat Cipollone</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Management & Administration</td><td style="width:8%"> Marcia L. Kelly</td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Cabinet_Secretary" title="White House Cabinet Secretary">White House Cabinet Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bill_McGinley" title="Bill McGinley">Bill McGinley</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–19</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Monica J. Block</td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Matthew J. Flynn</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Staff_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Staff Secretary">White House Staff Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Porter" title="Rob Porter">Rob Porter</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–18</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kristan_King_Nevins" title="Kristan King Nevins">Kristan King Nevins</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Lyons" title="Derek Lyons">Derek Lyons</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_body_men" class="mw-redirect" title="List of body men">Personal Aide to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">John McEntee</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Science & Technology Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Droegemeier" title="Kelvin Droegemeier">Kelvin Droegemeier</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Jordan Karem</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technology_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Technology Officer of the United States">Chief Technology Officer</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kratsios" title="Michael Kratsios">Michael Kratsios</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Nicholas Luna</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–19</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Management & Budget</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney" title="Mick Mulvaney">Mick Mulvaney</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Operations" title="Oval Office Operations">Oval Office Operations</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Schiller" title="Keith Schiller">Keith Schiller</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Jordan Karem</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–19</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Officer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Officer of the United States">Chief Information Officer</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Suzette_Kent" title="Suzette Kent">Suzette Kent</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–20</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Westerhout" title="Madeleine Westerhout">Madeleine Westerhout</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lighthizer" title="Robert Lighthizer">Robert Lighthizer</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Nicholas Luna</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2019–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">National Drug Control Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/James_W._Carroll" title="James W. Carroll">James W. Carroll</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">Chief of Staff to the First Lady</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Reynolds" title="Lindsay Reynolds">Lindsay Reynolds</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–20</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality">Chair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Neumayr" title="Mary Neumayr">Mary Neumayr</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2018–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Grisham" title="Stephanie Grisham">Stephanie Grisham</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2020–21</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States">Chief of Staff to the Vice President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Pitcock" title="Josh Pitcock">Josh Pitcock</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">White House Social Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Cristina_Niceta_Lloyd" title="Anna Cristina Niceta Lloyd">Anna Cristina Niceta Lloyd</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Nick_Ayers" title="Nick Ayers">Nick Ayers</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2017–19</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">White House Chief Usher</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Angella_Reid" title="Angella Reid">Angella Reid</a>†</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Short" title="Marc Short">Marc Short</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Timothy Harleth</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"> Special Representative, International Negotiations</td><td style="width:8%"> Avi Berkowitz</td><td style="width:5%"> 2019–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Physician_to_the_President" title="Physician to the President">Physician to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Ronny Jackson</a>†</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–18</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> Medical Advisors</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Conley" title="Sean Conley">Sean Conley</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2018–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Davids" title="Keith Davids">Keith Davids</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2017–21</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Atlas" title="Scott Atlas">Scott Atlas</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2020–21</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† Remained from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">previous administration</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13628723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13628723#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13628723#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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