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href="#Kuchli_oʻzaro_taʼsirning_tabiati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning tabiati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuchli_oʻzaro_taʼsirning_tabiati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birlashtirish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birlashtirish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Birlashtirish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birlashtirish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yana_qarang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yana_qarang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Yana qarang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yana_qarang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyotlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyotlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adabiyotlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyotlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Havolalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Havolalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Havolalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Havolalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuchli o'zaro ta'sir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 98 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sterk wisselwerking" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Wechselwirkung" title="Starke Wechselwirkung – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Starke Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nucleyar_fuerte" title="Interacción nucleyar fuerte – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Interacción nucleyar fuerte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تآثر قوي – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تآثر قوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaici%C3%B3n_nuclear_fuerte" title="Interaición nuclear fuerte – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interaición nuclear fuerte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCcl%C3%BC_qar%C5%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1ql%C4%B1_t%C9%99sir" title="Güclü qarşılıqlı təsir – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Güclü qarşılıqlı təsir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88" title="گوجلو چکیردک گوجو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گوجلو چکیردک گوجو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A9_%D2%AF%D2%99-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8C%D2%AB%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Көслө үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешеү – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көслө үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеянне – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеянне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеяньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеяньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Силно ядрено взаимодействие – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силно ядрено взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="সবল নিউক্লিয় বল – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সবল নিউক্লিয় বল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_interakcija" title="Jaka interakcija – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jaka interakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_nuclear_forta" title="Força nuclear forta – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Força nuclear forta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2" title="کارلێکی بەھێز – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارلێکی بەھێز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siln%C3%A1_interakce" title="Silná interakce – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silná interakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D0%B9%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5-%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Вăйлă хире-хирĕç вăйăм – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăйлă хире-хирĕç вăйăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyngweithiad_cryf" title="Rhyngweithiad cryf – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyngweithiad cryf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A6rk_kernekraft" title="Stærk kernekraft – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stærk kernekraft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Wechselwirkung" title="Starke Wechselwirkung – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Starke Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%87%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ισχυρή αλληλεπίδραση – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισχυρή αλληλεπίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forta_nuklea_forto" title="Forta nuklea forto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forta nuklea forto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nuclear_fuerte" title="Interacción nuclear fuerte – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interacción nuclear fuerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugev_vastastikm%C3%B5ju" title="Tugev vastastikmõju – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tugev vastastikmõju" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkarrekintza_nuklear_bortitz" title="Elkarrekintza nuklear bortitz – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elkarrekintza nuklear bortitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C" title="نیروی هسته‌ای قوی – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی هسته‌ای قوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahva_vuorovaikutus" title="Vahva vuorovaikutus – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vahva vuorovaikutus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_forte" title="Interaction forte – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interaction forte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterke_kearnkr%C3%AAft" title="Sterke kearnkrêft – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sterke kearnkrêft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idirghn%C3%ADomh%C3%BA_l%C3%A1idir" title="Idirghníomhú láidir – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Idirghníomhú láidir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A9raksyon_f%C3%B2" title="Entéraksyon fò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Entéraksyon fò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nuclear_forte" title="Interacción nuclear forte – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interacción nuclear forte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A7" title="הכוח החזק – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוח החזק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रबल अन्योन्य क्रिया – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रबल अन्योन्य क्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jaka nuklearna sila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A8raksyon_f%C3%B2" title="Entèraksyon fò – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Entèraksyon fò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%91s_k%C3%B6lcs%C3%B6nhat%C3%A1s" title="Erős kölcsönhatás – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erős kölcsönhatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%B2_%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ուժեղ փոխազդեցություն – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուժեղ փոխազդեցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_forte" title="Interaction forte – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Interaction forte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaya nuklir kuat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_fort" title="Interaction fort – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Interaction fort" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort-interago" title="Fort-interago – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fort-interago" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterk_v%C3%ADxlverkun" title="Sterk víxlverkun – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sterk víxlverkun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interazione forte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%84%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="強い相互作用 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="強い相互作用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrang_intarakshan" title="Chrang intarakshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chrang intarakshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ძლიერი ურთიერთქმედება – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძლიერი ურთიერთქმედება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83" title="Күшті әсерлесу – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күшті әсерлесу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강한 상호작용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis_fortis" title="Vis fortis – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vis fortis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiprioji_s%C4%85veika" title="Stiprioji sąveika – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stiprioji sąveika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stipr%C4%81_mijiedarb%C4%ABba" title="Stiprā mijiedarbība – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stiprā mijiedarbība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Силно заемодејство – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Силно заемодејство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ശക്ത ന്യൂക്ലിയാർ പ്രവർത്തനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശക്ത ന്യൂക്ലിയാർ പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүчтэй харилцан үйлчлэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчтэй харилцан үйлчлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daya_nukleus_kuat" title="Daya nukleus kuat – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daya nukleus kuat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="အားကောင်းစွာ အချင်းချင်းသက်ရောက်မှု – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အားကောင်းစွာ အချင်းချင်းသက်ရောက်မှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Kraft" title="Starke Kraft – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Starke Kraft" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterke_kernkracht" title="Sterke kernkracht – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sterke kernkracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargekraft" title="Fargekraft – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fargekraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargekraft" title="Fargekraft – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fargekraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a_nucleara_f%C3%B2rta" title="Fòrça nucleara fòrta – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fòrça nucleara fòrta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਤਕੜਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਕੜਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywanie_silne" title="Oddziaływanie silne – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oddziaływanie silne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%DA%91%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84" title="تکڑا میل جول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تکڑا میل جول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="قوي تعامل – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قوي تعامل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_forte" title="Força forte – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Força forte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_huk%27i_sinchi_micha" title="Iñuku huk'i sinchi micha – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku huk'i sinchi micha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_tare" title="Interacțiune tare – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interacțiune tare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сильное взаимодействие – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сильное взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaka nuklearna sila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siln%C3%A1_interakcia_hmotn%C3%BDch_objektov" title="Silná interakcia hmotných objektov – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Silná interakcia hmotných objektov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dna_jedrska_sila" title="Močna jedrska sila – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Močna jedrska sila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashk%C3%ABveprimi_i_fort%C3%AB" title="Bashkëveprimi i fortë – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkëveprimi i fortë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јака интеракција – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јака интеракција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gaya nuklir kuat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_v%C3%A4xelverkan" title="Stark växelverkan – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stark växelverkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwingiliano_madhubuti" title="Mwingiliano madhubuti – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwingiliano madhubuti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="வலிய இடைவினை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலிய இடைவினை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="బలమైన పరస్పర చర్య – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బలమైన పరస్పర చర్య" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1" title="อันตรกิริยาอย่างเข้ม – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันตรกิริยาอย่างเข้ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksiyong_malakas" title="Interaksiyong malakas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Interaksiyong malakas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC_etkile%C5%9Fim" title="Güçlü etkileşim – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güçlü etkileşim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D2%AF" title="Көчле тәэсир итешү – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көчле тәэсир итешү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Бот-боттарынче күштүг кылдыныг – tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бот-боттарынче күштүг кылдыныг" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сильна взаємодія – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сильна взаємодія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84" title="قوی تفاعل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قوی تفاعل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4gev_vastami%C5%BEpaineg" title="Vägev vastamižpaineg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vägev vastamižpaineg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_m%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Tương tác mạnh – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tương tác mạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makusog_nga_pahilabotay" title="Makusog nga pahilabotay – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Makusog nga pahilabotay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="强相互作用" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="שטארקע קראפט – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטארקע קראפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="强相互作用" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%B4ng-la%CC%8Dt" title="Kiông-la̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiông-la̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="強相互作用 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="強相互作用" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div 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id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Koʻrinishlar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir"><span>Mutolaa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit" title="Bu sahifani tahrirlash [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit" title="Sahifa manba kodini tahrirlash [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Manbasini tahrirlash</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=history" title="Bu sahifaning oʻzgarishlar tarixi [h]" 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href="/wiki/Fayl:Helium_atom_QM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/220px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/330px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/440px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption> Geliy atomining yadrosi. Ikki <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> bir xil <a href="/wiki/Elektr_zaryadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektr zaryadi">zaryadga</a> ega, ammo mavjud yadroviy kuch tufayli ularni birga ushlab turadi</figcaption></figure> <p>  <b>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir</b> yoki <b>kuchli yadroviy kuchlar</b> — bu <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarklarni</a> <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neytron" title="Neytron">neytron</a> va boshqa <a href="/wiki/Adron" title="Adron">adron</a> zarralari ichida ushlab turadigan asosiy oʻzaro taʼsir . Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir, shuningdek, atom hosil qilish uchun neytron va protonlarni bogʻlaydi va baʼzida yadroviy kuch deb ataladi. </p><p>Umumiy <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> yoki <a href="/wiki/Neytron" title="Neytron">neytron</a> massasining katta qismi kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir energiyasining natijasida hosil boʻladi; alohida kvarklar proton massasining deyarli 1 % ni beradi. 10<sup>-15</sup> m oraligʻida (<a href="/wiki/Nuklonlar" title="Nuklonlar">nuklon</a> radiusidan bir oz koʻproq), kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir  elektromagnit oʻzaro taʼsirdan taxminan 137 marta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaif_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaif o'zaro ta'sir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kuchsiz oʻzaro taʼsirdan</a> 10<sup>6</sup> marta va gravitatsion taʼsirdan 10<sup>38</sup> marta kuchli<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir ikkita diapazonda kuzatiladi va unga ikkita taʼsir tashuvchisi vositachilik qiladi. Kattaroq oʻlchamda (taxminan 1-3 <a href="/wiki/Femtometr" title="Femtometr">femtometr</a>), bu <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> <a href="/wiki/Atom_yadrosi" title="Atom yadrosi">yadrosini hosil</a> qilish uchun <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> va <a href="/wiki/Neytron" title="Neytron">neytronlarni</a> (nuklonlarni) bir-biriga bogʻlaydigan kuch hisoblanadi (taʼsir tashuvchisi — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meson (sahifa yaratilmagan)">mezonlar</a>) . Kichikroq (nuklon radiusidan yoki, taxminan 0,8 fm dan kam) miqyosda, bu protonlar, neytronlar va boshqa <a href="/wiki/Adron" title="Adron">adron</a> zarralarini hosil qilish uchun <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarklarni</a> bir-biriga bogʻlab turadigan kuch (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gluon (sahifa yaratilmagan)">glyuonlar</a> tomonidan olib boriladigan)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ikkinchi holatda uni koʻpincha <b>rang oʻzaro taʼsir</b> deb ham ataladi. Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir tabiatan shunday yuqori kuchga egaki, kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir bilan bogʻlangan adronlar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa-energiya_ekvivalenti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa-energiya ekvivalenti (sahifa yaratilmagan)">yangi massiv zarrachalarni hosil</a> qilishi mumkin. Shunday qilib, agar adronlar yuqori energiyali zarralar bilan urilsa, ular erkin harakatlanuvchi nurlanish (glyuonlar) chiqarish oʻrniga yangi adronlarni keltirib chiqaradi. Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning bu xususiyati deyiladi rang chegarasi va u kuchli kuchning erkin „emissiyasi“ ni oldini oladi: buning oʻrniga, amalda, massiv zarrachalarning oqimlari ishlab chiqariladi. </p><p>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir kvarklar, <a href="/wiki/Antizarralar" title="Antizarralar">antikvarklar</a> va boshqa glyuonlar oʻrtasida harakat qiluvchi glyuonlar deb ataladigan massasiz zarrachalar almashinuvi orqali amalga oshiriladi. Glyuonlar kvarklar va boshqa glyuonlar bilan <a href="/wiki/Rang_zaryadi" title="Rang zaryadi">rang zaryad</a> deb ataladigan zaryad turi orqali oʻzaro taʼsir qiladi deb taxmin qilinadi. Rangli zaryad elektromagnit zaryadga oʻxshaydi, lekin u bitta emas, balki uchta turdagi (± qizil, ± yashil va ± koʻk) zaryadga ega, bu esa turli tabiatga ega boʻlgan boshqa turdagi kuchning paydo boʻlishiga olib keladi. Ushbu qoidalar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvant_xromodinamikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvant xromodinamikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kvant xromodinamikasi</a> (KXD) nazariyasida batafsil yoritilgan, yaʼni kvark-glyuon oʻzaro taʼsiri nazariyasi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarix">Tarix</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tarix"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1971-yilgacha fiziklar atom yadrosi qanday bogʻlanganligini aniq bilishmagan. Maʼlumki, yadro <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> va <a href="/wiki/Neytron" title="Neytron">neytronlardan</a> tashkil topgan va protonlar musbat <a href="/wiki/Elektr_zaryadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektr zaryadi">elektr zaryadiga</a> ega, neytronlar esa elektral neytral. Oʻsha paytdagi fizika tushunchasiga koʻra, musbat zaryadlar bir-birini itaradi va musbat zaryadlangan protonlar yadroning parchalanib ketishiga olib kelishi kerak edi. Biroq, bunday holat kuzatilmagan. Ushbu hodisani tushuntirish uchun yangicha fizika kerak edi. </p><p>Protonlarning oʻzaro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektromagnit_repulsiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektromagnit repulsiya (sahifa yaratilmagan)">elektromagnit</a> itarilishiga qaramay, atom yadrosi qanday bogʻlanganligini tushuntirish uchun kuchliroq kuch mavjud deb taxmin qilingan. Ushbu faraz qilingan kuch <i>kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir</i> deb ataldi, u yadroni tashkil etuvchi <a href="/wiki/Nuklonlar" title="Nuklonlar">proton va neytronlarga</a> taʼsir qiluvchi asosiy kuch deb hisoblangan. </p><p>Keyinchalik maʼlum boʻldiki, proton va neytronlar fundamental zarralar emas, balki <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarklar</a> deb ataladigan tarkibiy zarralardan tashkil topgan. Nuklonlar orasidagi kuchli tortishish kvarklarni proton va neytronlarga bogʻlaydigan asosiy kuchning taʼsiri edi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvant_xromodinamikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvant xromodinamikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kvant xromodinamikasi</a> nazariyasi kvarklar <a href="/wiki/Rang_zaryadi" title="Rang zaryadi">rang zaryadi</a> deb ataladigan zaryadga ega deb tushuntiradi: bu yerdagi rang koʻrinadigan rangga aloqasi yoʻq<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bir-biriga oʻxshamaydigan rangli zaryadga ega boʻlgan kvarklar kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir natijasida bir-birini tortadi va bu vositachi zarracha glyuon deb ataladi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuchli_oʻzaro_taʼsirning_tabiati"><span id="Kuchli_o.CA.BBzaro_ta.CA.BCsirning_tabiati"></span>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning tabiati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning tabiati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning tabiati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Gluon_coupling.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gluon_coupling.svg/400px-Gluon_coupling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gluon_coupling.svg/600px-Gluon_coupling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gluon_coupling.svg/800px-Gluon_coupling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption> Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning asosiy birikmalari, chapdan oʻngga: glyuon nurlanishi, glyuonning boʻlinishi va glyuonning oʻz-oʻzidan birlashishi.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Kuchli</i> soʻzi ishlatilishiga sabab u toʻrtta asosiy kuchning „eng kuchlisi“. 1 <a href="/wiki/Femtometr" title="Femtometr">femtometr</a> masofada(1 <a href="/wiki/Femtometr" title="Femtometr">fm</a> = 10<sup>−15</sup> metr) yoki undan kam boʻlsa, kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizm" title="Elektromagnetizm">elektromagnit oʻzaro taʼsirdan</a> taxminan 137 marta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaif_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaif o'zaro ta'sir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kuchsiz oʻzaro taʼsirdan</a> 10<sup>6</sup> marta va gravitatsion taʼsirdan 10<sup>38</sup> marta kuchli </p><p>Kuchli kuch zarrachalar fizikasi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standart_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standart model (sahifa yaratilmagan)">standart modelining</a> bir qismi boʻlgan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvant_xromodinamikasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvant xromodinamikasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kvant xromodinamikasi</a> (KXD) tomonidan tasvirlangan. Matematik jihatdan KXD — bu SU(3) deb nomlangan lokal (gauge) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simmetriya_guruhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simmetriya guruhi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">simmetriya guruhiga</a> asoslangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_bo%27lmagan_o%27lchov_nazariyasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel bo'lmagan o'lchov nazariyasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Abel bo'lmagan o'lchov nazariyasi</a> . </p><p>Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning kuch tashuvchisi glyuon, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bozon_o%27lchagich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bozon o'lchagich (sahifa yaratilmagan)">gauge bozondir</a>. Elektromagnit oʻzaro taʼsir tashuvchisi <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotondan</a> farqli oʻlaroq, glyuon rangli zaryadga ega. Kvarklar va glyuonlar oʻzgarmas rangli zaryadga ega boʻlgan yagona fundamental zarralardir va shuning uchun ular faqat bir-biri bilan kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirlarda qatnashadilar. Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir — bu glyuonning boshqa kvark va glyuon zarralari bilan oʻzaro taʼsirining ifodasidir. </p><p>KXD dagi barcha kvarklar va glyuonlar kuchli kuch orqali bir-biri bilan oʻzaro taʼsir qiladi. Oʻzaro taʼsir kuchi kuchli ulanish doimiysi bilan parametrlanadi. Bu kuch zarrachaning oʻlchovli rang zaryadi bilan oʻzgartiriladi, bu guruh-nazariy xususiyatdir. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Nuclear_Force_anim_smaller.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Nuclear_Force_anim_smaller.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="337" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption> Proton va neytron oʻrtasidagi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yadroviy_kuch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yadroviy kuch (sahifa yaratilmagan)">yadroviy kuch</a> oʻzaro taʼsirining animatsiyasi. Kichkina rangli qoʻsh doiralar glyuonlar boʻlib, ular proton va neytronni bir-biriga bogʻlab turganini koʻrish mumkin. Bu glyuonlar, shuningdek, <a href="/wiki/Pion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pion">pion</a> deb ataladigan kvark/antikvark birikmasini birga ushlab turadi va shu bilan kuchli kuchning qoldiq qismini rangsiz adronlar orasida ham uzatishga yordam beradi. <a href="/wiki/Fayl:Quark_Anticolors.svg" title="Fayl:Quark Anticolors.svg">Ushbu diagramma</a> boʻyicha anti-ranglar koʻrsatilgan. Kattaroq versiya uchun [<a class="external free" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Nuclear_Force_anim.gif">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Nuclear_Force_anim.gif</a> bu yerni bosing</figcaption></figure><p>] </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birlashtirish">Birlashtirish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Birlashtirish" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Birlashtirish"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Katta birlashtirilgan nazariyalar (GUT — <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory" class="extiw" title="en:Grand Unified Theory">Grand Unified Theories</a>) kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir va elektrozaif oʻzaro taʼsirni yagona kuchning aspektlari sifatida tasvirlashga qaratilgan, huddi elektromagnit va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaif_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaif o'zaro ta'sir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">kuchsiz oʻzaro taʼsirlar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glashow-Weinberg-Salam_modeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glashow-Weinberg-Salam modeli (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Glashow-Vaynberg-Salam modeli</a> tomonidan elektrozaif oʻzaro taʼsirga birlashtirilganiga oʻxshab. Kuchli oʻzaro taʼsir asimptotik erkinlik deb ataladigan xususiyatga ega, bunda kuchli oʻzaro taʼsirning kuchi yuqori energiyalarda (yoki haroratlarda) kamayadi. Biroq, bu jarayonni tasvirlash uchun hali hech qanday Katta birlashtirilgan nazariya muvaffaqiyatli shakllantirilgani yoʻq va Buyuk birlashish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizikadan_yechilmagan_muammolar_ro%27yxati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizikadan yechilmagan muammolar ro'yxati (sahifa yaratilmagan)">fizikada hal qilinmagan muammo</a> boʻlib qolmoqda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Yana qarang"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5273358">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px;padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rang_zaryadi" title="Rang zaryadi">Rang zaryadi</a></li> <li>Boglanish doimiysi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_energiyasi" title="Atom energiyasi">Yadro bogʻlanish energiyasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadro_fizikasi" title="Yadro fizikasi">Yadro fizikasi</a></li> <li>KXD va <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvark_glyuon_plazmasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvark glyuon plazmasi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kvark gluon plazmasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maydon_kvant_nazariyasi" title="Maydon kvant nazariyasi">Kvant maydon nazariyasi</a> va Gauge nazariyasi</li> <li>Zarrachalar fizikasining standart modeli <ul><li>Kvant mexanikasining matematik formulasi</li> <li>Standart modelning matematik formulasi</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaif_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaif o'zaro ta'sir (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kuchsiz oʻzaro taʼsir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizm" title="Elektromagnetizm">Elektromagnetizm</a> va <a href="/wiki/Gravitatsiya" title="Gravitatsiya">Gravitatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yukava_o%27zaro_ta%27siri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yukava o'zaro ta'siri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Yukava o'zaro ta'siri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Relative strength of interaction varies with distance. See for instance Matt Strassler’s essay, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/the-known-forces-of-nature/the-strength-of-the-known-forces/">„The strength of the known forces“</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webhome.phy.duke.edu/~kolena/modern/forces.html#005">„The four forces: the strong interaction Duke University Astrophysics Dept website“</a></span>.</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFeynman1985"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman, R.P.</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/qedstrangetheory00feyn_822">QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter</a></i>. Princeton University Press, 1985 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/qedstrangetheory00feyn_822/page/n140">136</a>-bet. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-691-08388-9" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-691-08388-9">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-691-08388-9</span></a>. „The idiot physicists, unable to come up with any wonderful Greek words anymore, call this type of polarization by the unfortunate name of 'color', which has nothing to do with color in the normal sense.“</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=QED%3A+The+Strange+Theory+of+Light+and+Matter&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fqedstrangetheory00feyn_822%2Fpage%2Fn140+136%5D &rft.isbn=978-0-691-08388-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fqedstrangetheory00feyn_822"> </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyotlar">Adabiyotlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyotlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyotlar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation"><span class="citation"><i>Christman.</i> <span lang="aniqlanmagan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physnet.org/modules/pdf_modules/m280.pdf">„MISN-0-280: <i>The Strong Interaction</i>“</a></span> (2001).</span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGriffiths1987"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Griffiths_(physicist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Griffiths (physicist) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Griffiths, David</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel0000grif_o7r4">Introduction to Elementary Particles</a></i>. John Wiley & Sons, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-471-60386-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-471-60386-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-471-60386-3</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Elementary+Particles&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=David&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons &rft.isbn=978-0-471-60386-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoel0000grif_o7r4"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFHalzen1984">Halzen, F.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarksleptonsint0000halz">Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics</a></i>. John Wiley & Sons, 1984. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-471-88741-6" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-471-88741-6">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-471-88741-6</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quarks+and+Leptons%3A+An+Introductory+Course+in+Modern+Particle+Physics&rft.aulast=Halzen&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons &rft.isbn=978-0-471-88741-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarksleptonsint0000halz"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKane1987"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_L._Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon L. Kane (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Kane, G.L.</a><i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernelementary0000kane_h0l3">Modern Elementary Particle Physics</a></i>. Perseus Books, 1987. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-201-11749-3" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-201-11749-3">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-201-11749-3</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Elementary+Particle+Physics&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=G.L.&rft.pub=Perseus+Books &rft.isbn=978-0-201-11749-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernelementary0000kane_h0l3"> </span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMorris2003">Morris, R.<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastsorcererspat0000morr">The Last Sorcerers: The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table</a></i>. Joseph Henry Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-309-50593-2" title="Maxsus:BookSources/978-0-309-50593-2">ISBN <span style="white-space: nowrap;">978-0-309-50593-2</span></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Sorcerers%3A+The+Path+from+Alchemy+to+the+Periodic+Table&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.pub=Joseph+Henry+Press &rft.isbn=978-0-309-50593-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastsorcererspat0000morr"> </span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Havolalar">Havolalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Havolalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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