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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mundarija" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mundarija</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yonqutiga oʻtish</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">yashirish</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kirish</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Davlat_tuzumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Davlat_tuzumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Davlat tuzumi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Davlat_tuzumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tabiati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tabiati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tabiati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tabiati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tarixi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asosiy_siyosiy_partiyalari_va_kasaba_uyushmalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asosiy_siyosiy_partiyalari_va_kasaba_uyushmalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Asosiy siyosiy partiyalari va kasaba uyushmalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asosiy_siyosiy_partiyalari_va_kasaba_uyushmalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xoʻjaligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xoʻjaligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Xoʻjaligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xoʻjaligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanoati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanoati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sanoati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanoati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qishloq_xoʻjaligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qishloq_xoʻjaligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Qishloq xoʻjaligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qishloq_xoʻjaligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transporti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transporti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transporti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transporti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tashqi_savdosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tashqi_savdosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tashqi savdosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tashqi_savdosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tibbiy_xizmati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tibbiy_xizmati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tibbiy xizmati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tibbiy_xizmati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi_va_telekoʻrsatuvi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi_va_telekoʻrsatuvi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi va telekoʻrsatuvi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi_va_telekoʻrsatuvi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adabiyoti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adabiyoti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Adabiyoti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adabiyoti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meʼmorligi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meʼmorligi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Meʼmorligi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meʼmorligi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasviriy_sanʼati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasviriy_sanʼati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Tasviriy sanʼati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tasviriy_sanʼati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musiqasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musiqasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Musiqasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musiqasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teatri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teatri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Teatri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teatri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Kinosi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkiya_munosabatlari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkiya_munosabatlari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Oʻzbekiston – Turkiya munosabatlari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkiya_munosabatlari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manbalar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manbalar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Manbalar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manbalar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mundarija" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mundarija" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 332 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-332" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">332 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҭырқәтәыла – abxaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭырқәтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abxaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – achin" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Тыркуе – adigey" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуе" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigey" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – nemis (Shveytsariya)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemis (Shveytsariya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – janubiy oltoy" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="janubiy oltoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ቱርክ – amxar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amxar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcland" title="Tyrcland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tyrcland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="توركيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুৰস্ক – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰস্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – asturiy" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – atikamek" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka" title="Turka – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – avadxi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99" title="Türkiyə – ozarbayjon" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ozarbayjon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә – boshqird" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="boshqird" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakei" title="Tiakei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tork%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Torkėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Турцыя – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – bolgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུར་ཀི། – tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུར་ཀི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – bosniy" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Түрэг Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC" title="Tū-ī-gì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Туркойчоь – chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – sebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83" title="ᎬᏃ – cheroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – cheyenn" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تورکیا – sorani-kurd" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani-kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – korsikan" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive/%E1%91%90%E1%95%92%E1%91%AD" title="Wikipedia:Archive/ᑐᕒᑭ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archive/ᑐᕒᑭ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – chex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABreck%C3%B4" title="Tëreckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tëreckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тѷрци – slavyan (cherkov)" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѷрци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavyan (cherkov)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci – valliy" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valliy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet – dan" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkiya" title="Tırkiya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojska" title="Turkojska – quyi sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="quyi sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް – divexi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divexi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག – dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Dɔkɔ – eve" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – grek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%AE" title="Turchî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turchî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkio" title="Turkio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – ispancha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispancha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi – estoncha" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoncha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ترکیه – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – fincha" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrg%C3%BC" title="Türgü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türgü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taki" title="Taki – fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Taki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaland" title="Turkaland – farercha" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="farercha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – shimoliy friz" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="shimoliy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – friul" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – g‘arbiy friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="g‘arbiy friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – shotland-gel" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="shotland-gel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – galisiy" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تۊرکيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turyk%C3%ADa" title="Turykía – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Turykía" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કસ્તાન – gujarot" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkee" title="Yn Turkee – men" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="men" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyya" title="Turkiyya – xausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="xausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC" title="Thú-ngí-khì – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleke" title="Kuleke – gavaycha" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="gavaycha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="טורקיה – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkowska" title="Turkowska – yuqori sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="yuqori sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki" title="Tiki – gaityan" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="gaityan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6korsz%C3%A1g" title="Törökország – venger" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="venger" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – indonez" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A9y" title="Turkéy – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Turkéy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Туркий мохк – ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%91%E1%95%90%E1%91%AD" title="ᑑᕐᑭ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑑᕐᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="トルコ – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerki" title="Toerki – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/turk" title="turk – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="turk" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – yavan" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yavan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – gruzincha" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tturk" title="Tturk – kabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tturk" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Тыркуей – kabardin" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuurkii" title="Tuurkii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuurkii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya" title="Turukya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C4%A9" title="Takĩ – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Takĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – qozoqcha" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qozoqcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="តួកគី – xmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="xmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예 – koreyscha" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тюркия – komi-permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюркия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – qorachoy-bolqor" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="qorachoy-bolqor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تُرکی – kashmircha" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُرکی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmircha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – kyoln" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kyoln" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye – kurdcha" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – qirgʻizcha" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qirgʻizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – lotincha" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="lotincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkei" title="Tierkei – lyuksemburgcha" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lyuksemburgcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – lezgin" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturuki" title="Buturuki – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buturuki" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – liguryan" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguryan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrchia" title="Türchia – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Türchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%AD" title="Turkí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turceja" title="Turceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Turceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija – latishcha" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latishcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – madur" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – maythili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maythili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkia" title="Torkia – malagasiy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81kei" title="Tākei – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="തുർക്കി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ – manipur" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कस्तान – maratxi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratxi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – maltiy" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Турция Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – mozandaron" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mozandaron" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rkie" title="Törkie – quyi nemis" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="quyi nemis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – quyi sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="quyi sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – nevar" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – norveg-nyunorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveg-nyunorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – norveg-bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveg-bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%A3%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫ – nko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – janubiy ndebel" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="janubiy ndebel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtchie" title="Turtchie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Turtchie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – shimoliy soto" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="shimoliy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bich%CA%BCah_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah – navaxo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – cheva" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="cheva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtsii" title="Turtsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turtsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkii" title="Tarkii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ତୁର୍କୀ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତୁର୍କୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ – panjobcha" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjobcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – papiyamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiyamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – kreol (Nigeriya)" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="kreol (Nigeriya)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="तुर्किये – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्किये" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcja" title="Turcja – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تورکيه – pushtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pushtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – kechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia – romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tirchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – arumin" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Турція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Түүркүйэ – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүркүйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – sardin" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – sitsiliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – shotland" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="shotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ترڪي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durka" title="Durka – shimoliy saam" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="shimoliy saam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuk%C3%AFi" title="Turukïi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turukïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkya" title="Turkya – tashelxit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Turkya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelxit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="තුර්කිය – singal" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – slovakcha" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Turčija – slovencha" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovencha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take" title="Take – samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Take" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – inari-saam" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari-saam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiga" title="Turkiga – somalicha" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalicha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqia" title="Turqia – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – serbcha" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyakondre" title="Turkiyakondre – sranan-tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Turkiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan-tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThekhi" title="IThekhi – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – janubiy soto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="janubiy soto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A4i" title="Turkäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turkäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki – suaxili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaxili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcyjo" title="Turcyjo – silez" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silez" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – tojik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tojik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศตุรกี – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ቱርኪ – tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቱርኪ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tig mw-list-item"><a href="https://tig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%A8" title="ቱርኪየ – tigre" lang="tig" hreflang="tig" data-title="ቱርኪየ" data-language-autonym="ትግሬ" data-language-local-name="tigre" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግሬ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe – turkman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkiýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99" title="Tyrkijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tsvana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tsvana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toake" title="Toake – tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toake" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – tok-piksin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok-piksin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – turk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="yaxshi maqola"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiti" title="Turiti – taiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Turiti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="taiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى – uyg‘ur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uyg‘ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Туреччина – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туреччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Tanlangan maqolalar"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ترکیہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – venet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanma" title="Turkanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeye" title="Turkeye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4n" title="Türkän – volapyuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourkeye" title="Tourkeye – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourkeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – vu xitoy" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – qalmoq" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="qalmoq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITurkiya" title="ITurkiya – kxosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITurkiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="kxosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טערקיי – idish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujwjgiz" title="Dujwjgiz – Chjuan" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dujwjgiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Chjuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ – tamazigxt" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazigxt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE" title="Thó͘-ní-kî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITheki" title="ITheki – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomfazolar"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="fn org country-name">Turkiya Respublikasi</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i> </div></th></tr> <tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkiya bayrogʻi"><img alt="Turkiya bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/125px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/188px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/250px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Turkiya_bayrog%CA%BBi" title="Turkiya bayrogʻi">Bayroq</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gerb of Turkiya"><img alt="Gerb of Turkiya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Turkiya_gerbi" title="Turkiya gerbi">Gerb</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Davlatlar_shiorlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlatlar shiorlari roʻyxati">Shior</a>: </b><i>Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh</i></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="text-align:center;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Madhiya" title="Madhiya">Madhiya</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Turkiya_Davlat_Madhiyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkiya Davlat Madhiyasi">İstiklâl Marşı</a> <br /> (Mustaqillik madhiyasi)</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Turkey_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Turkiya"><img alt="Location of Turkiya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Turkey_in_its_region.svg/250px-Turkey_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Turkey_in_its_region.svg/375px-Turkey_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Turkey_in_its_region.svg/500px-Turkey_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlat_poytaxtlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlat poytaxtlari roʻyxati">Poytaxt</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Ankara_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara (viloyat)">Ankara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlat_tili" title="Davlat tili">Rasmiy til(lar)</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili">Turk tili</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amaldagi_davlat_va_hukumat_rahbarlari" title="Amaldagi davlat va hukumat rahbarlari">Hukumat</a></th> <td class="" style=""> Prezidentlik Respublika</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya_yetakchilari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkiya yetakchilari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Prezident</a> </div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Rajab_Tayyip_Erdo%CA%BBg%CA%BBon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajab Tayyip Erdoʻgʻon">Rajab Tayyip Erdoʻgʻon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya_vitse-prezidentleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkiya vitse-prezidentleri (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Vitse-Prezident</a> </div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cevdet Yılmaz (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Cevdet Yılmaz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;">Mustaqillik (Respublikani e'lon qilish)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Sana </div></th> <td class="" style=""> 29-oktabr, 1923-yil</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maydon" title="Maydon">Maydon</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Butun</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 783,562 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Maydoniga_ko%CA%BBra_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" class="mw-redirect" title="Maydoniga koʻra davlatlar roʻyxati">37-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Suv (%)</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 1.3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aholi_bo%CA%BByicha_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Aholi boʻyicha davlatlar roʻyxati">Aholi</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024-yilgi roʻyxat</div></th> <td class="" style=""> 86,099,039 (<a href="/wiki/Aholi_bo%CA%BByicha_davlatlar_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Aholi boʻyicha davlatlar roʻyxati">18-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">• <a href="/wiki/Aholi_zichligi" title="Aholi zichligi">Zichlik</a></th> <td class="" style=""> 112/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yalpi_ichki_mahsulot" title="Yalpi ichki mahsulot">YIM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xaridor_qobiliyat_tengligi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xaridor qobiliyat tengligi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">XQT</a>)</span></th> <td class="" style=""> 2024-yil roʻyxati</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Butun</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">AQSh$</a> 906 mlrd (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" class="extiw" title="en:List of countries by GDP (PPP)">19-oʻrin</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jon boshiga</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">AQSh$</a> 14,463</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlatlar_pul_birliklari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Davlatlar pul birliklari roʻyxati">Pul birligi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/Turk_liras%C4%B1" title="Turk lirası">Turk lirası</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (sahifa yaratilmagan)">TL</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vaqt_mintaqasi" title="Vaqt mintaqasi">Vaqt mintaqasi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+3</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Yoz (<a href="/wiki/DST" title="DST">DST</a>)</div></th> <td class="" style=""> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a>+3</span></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Qisqartma</th> <td class="" style=""> TR</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Davlatlarning_telefon_kodlari" title="Davlatlarning telefon kodlari">Telefon prefiksi</a></th> <td class="" style=""> 90</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuqori_darajali_milliy_domenlar" title="Yuqori darajali milliy domenlar">Internet domeni</a></th> <td class="" style=""> .tr</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="ib-country-fn"><div class="noprint" style="float:right"> <i><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Turkiya_info&action=edit">tahrir</a> <a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Turkiya_info&action=watch">kuzat</a></i></div></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Turkiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili">turkcha</a>: <i>Türkiye</i>), rasman – <b>Turkiya Respublikasi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili">turkcha</a>: <i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i>) - <a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Osiyo" title="Gʻarbiy Osiyo">Gʻarbiy Osiyo 97% ini tashkil etadi</a> va <a href="/wiki/Janubiy_Yevropa" title="Janubiy Yevropa">Janubiy Yevropa</a> 3%ini tashkil etadigan davlat. Turkiya ham <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a>, ham <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> qitʼasiga kiradi. Asoschisi <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafo Kamol Otaturkdir</a>. Turkiyaning <a href="/wiki/Poytaxt" title="Poytaxt">poytaxti</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anqara" title="Anqara">Anqara</a> shahri. Davlat tili – <a href="/wiki/Turk_tili" title="Turk tili">Turk tili</a>. Maydoni – 783,562 km². Aholi soni 2024-yil hisobiga koʻra— 86,099,039 kishi. Turkiya pul birligi – <a href="/wiki/Lira" title="Lira">lira</a>. Turkiya Respublikasi 81 ta <a href="/wiki/Viloyatlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Viloyatlar">viloyatlardan</a> iborat. Turkiya 14 ta davlat bilan chegaradosh. </p><p>Zamonaviy Turkiya 1923-yilda <a href="/wiki/Usmonlilar_imperiyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Usmonlilar imperiyasi">Usmonli imperiyasining</a> <a href="/wiki/Birinchi_jahon_urushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Birinchi jahon urushi">birinchi jahon urushidagi</a> magʻlubiyati va turk xalqining milliy ozodlik urushi, monarxiyaning tugatilishi, parchalanishi va turk milliy davlatining barpo etilishi natijasida tashkil topgan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Davlat_tuzumi">Davlat tuzumi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Davlat tuzumi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Davlat tuzumi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya – <a href="/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika">respublika</a>. Amaldagi <a href="/wiki/Konstitutsiya" title="Konstitutsiya">konstitutsiyasi</a> 1982-yilda qabul qilingan (bir necha marta tuzatish va qoʻshimchalar kiritilgan). Davlat boshligʻi – prezident (2014-yildan Rajab Tayyib Erdoʻgʻon), u Buyuk Millat Majlisi tomonidan yashirin ovoz berish yoʻli bilan 7 yil muddatga saylanadi va yana 1 marta saylanishi mumkin. Qonun chiqaruvchi oliy parlament – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya_Buyuk_Millat_Majlisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkiya Buyuk Millat Majlisi (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Turkiya Buyuk Millat Majlisi</a>. Oliy ijroiya hokimiyati xukumat boʻlib, uni Bosh vazir (Bosh boqon) boshqaradi. Bosh vazirni prezident deputatlar orasidan tayinlaydi. </p><p>1919–1939-yillarda turkiyasharqiy qismida joylashgan davlat. Hududining 97 % <a href="/wiki/Kichik_Osiyo_yarim_oroli" title="Kichik Osiyo yarim oroli">Kichik Osiyo yarim orol</a> (Anadolu)da, 3 % <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> (Sharqiy Frakiya)da. Shimolidan <a href="/wiki/Qora_dengiz" title="Qora dengiz">Qora dengiz</a>, gʻarbdan <a href="/wiki/Egey_dengizi" title="Egey dengizi">Egey dengizi</a>, janubdan <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBrta_dengiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻrta dengiz">Oʻrta dengiz</a> bilan oʻralgan. Egey dengizidagi bir qancha orol ham Turkiyaga qarashli. Maydoni 814,578 km². Aholisi 86,099,039 kishi (2024). Poytaxti – Anqara shahri Maʼmuriy jihatdan 81 el (viloyat)ga, ellar elchalarga boʻlinadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tabiati">Tabiati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tabiati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tabiati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya tabiati nihoyatda rangbarang va jozibador. Barish Oʻzbek Relyefining aksari togʻ va yassitogʻlik; shimoliy va janubiy sohillarga parallel ravishda yastangan togʻ tizmalari orasida keng va ochiq tekislik, qir, koʻl, plato va daryolar mavjud. Shimolida Qora dengiz sohiliga yondosh ravishda Shimoliy Anadolu yassitogʻlari, janubda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toros_tog%CA%BBlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toros togʻlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Toros togʻlari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmar_dengizi" title="Marmar dengizi">Marmar dengizi</a> tomonda Somonli, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulutog%CA%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulutogʻ (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Ulutogʻ</a>, Istranja va Tekirtogʻlar, Egey dengizi tomonda Qozaq, Yunt va Oydin togʻlari, Oʻrta Anadoluda Qiziltogʻ, Raman va Soʻf togʻlari, Sharqiy Anadoluda Agʻri togʻlari (bu togʻda Turkiyaning eng baland nuqtasi boʻlgan Buyuk Agʻri choʻqqisi – 5137 m) qad koʻtargan. Turkiya hududi <a href="/wiki/Seysmik_hududlashtirish" title="Seysmik hududlashtirish">seysmik</a> jihatdan faol zonada joylashgan. Turkiya yer ostida <a href="/wiki/Xrom_rudalari" title="Xrom rudalari">xromit</a>, borat, <a href="/wiki/Boksitlar" title="Boksitlar">boksit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volfram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simob" title="Simob">simob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surma" title="Surma">surma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mis" title="Mis">mis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshko%CA%BBmir" title="Toshkoʻmir">toshkoʻmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neft" title="Neft">neft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marganets" title="Marganets">marganets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temir" title="Temir">temir</a> va boshqa <a href="/wiki/Bor_(unsur)" title="Bor (unsur)">bor</a>. Iqlimi subtropik, gʻarbiy va janubiy sohillari iliq, yogʻin koʻp, ichki mintaqada yoz issiq va quruq, qish sovuq, qor koʻp yogʻadi. Yanvarning oʻrtacha temperaturasi pasttekisliklarda 5—10° dan ichki yassitogʻliklarda —15° gacha, sharqdagi togʻliklarda —35° gacha sovuq boʻladi. Iyulning oʻrtacha temperaturasi dengiz sohillarida 22—32°, Jazira platosida 30° (gohr 40° dan ziyod). Yillik yogʻin oʻrtacha 1000-3000 mm. Yirik koʻllari: Van, <a href="/wiki/Tuz_ko%CA%BBli" title="Tuz koʻli">Tuz</a>, Beyshehir, Eyirdir. Daryolari: <a href="/wiki/Qizilirmoq" title="Qizilirmoq">Qizil Irmoq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furot_daryosi" class="mw-redirect" title="Furot daryosi">Furot</a>, Saqarya, Araks, <a href="/wiki/Dajla" title="Dajla">Dajla</a>, Yashil Irmoq, Jeyxan. Tuprogʻi ichki yassitogʻliklardagi choʻllarda asosan boʻz va och qoʻngʻir tuproqdan, quruq dashtlarda kashtan, sohillarda jigar rang tuproq, botiqlar tubi esa shoʻrxok tuproqdan iborat. Tavr va Sharqiy Pontiya togʻlarida doim yashil va igna bargli oʻrmonlar, togʻlarning baland qismida all oʻtloqlari mavjud. Jazira platosi shuvoqboshoqli oʻtlar oʻsadigan chala choʻldan iborat. Togʻlarda yovvoyi qoʻyechkilar, toʻngʻiz, boʻri, chiyaboʻri, ayiq va boshqalarlar yashaydi. Sohilga yaqin suvlarda turlituman baliq koʻp. Turkiyada 12 milliy bogʻ bor. Yiriklari: Olimpos Beydaglari, Munzur Vodiysi, Kyopryulyu Kanon. </p><p>Aholisining 90 % – <a href="/wiki/Turklar" title="Turklar">turklar</a>. Kurd, <a href="/wiki/Arablar" title="Arablar">arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbeklar" title="Oʻzbeklar">Oʻzbeklar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adigeya" title="Adigeya">adigey</a>, ubix, <a href="/wiki/Chechenlar" title="Chechenlar">chechen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osetinlar" title="Osetinlar">osetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lezginlar" title="Lezginlar">lezgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunon_tili" title="Yunon tili">yunon</a>, arman, laz, gurj, <a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon_turkchasi" title="Ozarbayjon turkchasi">ozarbayjon</a>, turkman, bolgar, albanlar ham yashaydi. Aholisining asosiy qismi islom dinining sunniy mazhabiga eʼtiqod qiladi. Rasmiy til – turk tili. Shahar Aholisi 69 %. Yirik shaharlari: <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anqara" title="Anqara">Anqara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izmir" title="Izmir">Izmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%CA%BBniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Koʻniya">Koʻniya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%CA%BBoziantep" class="mw-redirect" title="Gʻoziantep">Gʻoziantep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diyorbakir" title="Diyorbakir">Diyorbakir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antaliya" title="Antaliya">Antaliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" class="mw-redirect" title="Edirne">Edirna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixi">Tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tarixi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tarixi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hozirgi Turkiya hududida juda qadim zamonlardan boshlab yuksak madaniyatga ega boʻlgan davlatlar boʻlgan. Anadolu <a href="/wiki/Xett_podsholigi" title="Xett podsholigi">Xett qirolligi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidiya" title="Lidiya">Lidiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midiya" title="Midiya">Midiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahamoniylar_davlati" title="Ahamoniylar davlati">Axomaniylar davlati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makedoniya_(qadimgi_davlat)" title="Makedoniya (qadimgi davlat)">makedoniyalik Aleksandr imperiyasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salavkiylar" title="Salavkiylar">Salavkiylar davlati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pont_podsholigi" title="Pont podsholigi">Pont podsholigi</a>, Pergam, <a href="/wiki/Qadimgi_Misr" title="Qadimgi Misr">Qad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rim" title="Rim">Rim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vizantiya_imperiyasi" title="Vizantiya imperiyasi">Vizantiya</a> tarkibida boʻlgan. <a href="/wiki/Turkiy_xalqlar" title="Turkiy xalqlar">Turkiy elatlar</a> bu hududga XI asrdan koʻchib kela boshlagan. <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBg%CA%BBuzlar" title="Oʻgʻuzlar">Oʻgʻuzturkman</a> qabilalarining yoʻlboshchilari boʻlgan <a href="/wiki/To%CA%BBg%CA%BBrulbek" title="Toʻgʻrulbek">Toʻgʻrulbek</a> va <a href="/wiki/Chag%CA%BBribek" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagʻribek">Chagʻribek</a> boshchiligida <a href="/wiki/Saljuqiylar_imperiyasi" title="Saljuqiylar imperiyasi">Saljuqiylar davlatida</a> asos solingach, islom dini tarqala boshlagan. <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslon" title="Alp Arslon">Sulton Alp Arslon</a> 1071-yilda Malazgirt jangida Vizantiya imperatori Roman IV Diogen armiyasini tormor etganidan soʻng, Saljuqiylar davlati nihoyatda kengaydi. Sulton <a href="/wiki/Malikshoh" title="Malikshoh">Malikshoh</a> zamonida (1072—1092) saltanat gullabyashnadi. Bu hukmdorning oʻlimidan keyin saltanat parchalanib, Suriya saljuqiylari, Iroq va Xuroson saljuqiylari, Kirmon saljuqiylari va Anadolu saljuqiylari kabi kichikroq davlatlar paydo boʻldi. Ularning orasida Anadolu saljuqiylari davlati katta rol oʻynadi. 1243-yilgi Koʻsatogʻ jangi oqibatida moʻgʻullar bu davlatga barham berib, oʻlkani istilo qildilar. 13-asrning oxirlariga kelib, moʻgʻullar zaiflashgach, bir qancha mustaqil beyliklar (bekliklar) tashkil topdi va mamlakat taraqqiyotga yuz tutdi. 14-asrning boshlarida Usmon I boshchiligidagi Usmon beyligi koʻpgina beyliklarni birlashtirib, poytaxti Bursa boʻlgan markazlashgan kuchli davlatni – Usmonli turk imperiyasini barpo etishga muvaffaq boʻldi. Usmoniylar tez orada Yevropaga oʻtib, Vizantiya imperiyasi hududini egallay boshlashdi. Anqara jangitsatp magʻlubiyatdan soʻng oʻzini oʻnglab olgan usmonli turklar <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II_Fotih" title="Mehmed II Fotih">Sulton Mehmed II Fotih</a> boshchiligida Konstantinopol (hozirgi Istanbul)ni egallab (1453-yil 29-may), Vizantiya imperiyasini tugatishdi. <a href="/wiki/Salim_I_Yovuz" title="Salim I Yovuz">Salim I Yovuz</a> va <a href="/wiki/Sulaymon_I" title="Sulaymon I">Sulaymon I Qonuniy</a> davrida saltanat hududlari yana ham kengaydi Birok, XVII asrdan imperiyaning harbiy va iqtisodiy qudrati astasekin zaiflasha boshladi. Asr oxirlariga kelib, <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> mamlakatlari Turkiyaga qarshi birgalikda urush harakatlarini boshladilar. 1683-yilda Vena shahri yaqinidagi jangda turk qoʻshini Polsha, Avstriya va Olmon qoʻshinlaridan yengildi. 1684-yilda Turkiyaga qarshi Avstriya, Polsha, Venetsiya (1686-yildan Rossiya) „Muqaddas ittifoq“ tuzdilar. Ittifoqchilar Turkiyaga bir necha bor qattiq zarba berdilar. Biroq Turkiya 1711-yilda Prut jangida Pyotr I boshchiligidagi rus qoʻshinini tormor qildi. Qurshovdagi Pyotr I vaʼdalar evaziga qutulishga muvaffaq boʻldi. Asr oxirida imperiya sharqda <a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog%CA%BBiston" title="Dogʻiston">Dogʻiston</a>, Jibal, hatto Gilondagi mavqeini yoʻqotdi, gʻarbda Dunay janubiga chekinishga, shimolda Astraxonga qadar boʻlgan yerlarni Rossiyaga topshirishga majbur boʻldi va jahon siyosatidagi mavqeini yoʻqota boshladi. 18-asrda yanada koʻproq talofotlar berildi. </p><p>1768—1774-yillardagi Rossiya-Turkiya urushidan keyin Turkiya Qora dengiz va Bolqon yarim oroldagi mavqeini boy berdi. 1774-yilgi KuchukQaynarja sulh shartnomasiga muvofiq Qrim xonligi Turkiyadan ajratib olinib, mustaqil deb eʼlon kilindi. Biroq 1783-yil Rossiya Qrimni bosib oldi. 1787—1791-yillardagi urushda Turkiya yana Rossiyadan yengildi, natijada Rossiya chegarasi Dnestr daryosigacha kengaydi. Turkiya Moldova va Valaxiyaning Rossiya homiyligiga oʻtganligini tan olishga majbur boʻldi. </p><p>Sultan Salim III (1789—1807-yillarda imperiyani boshqargan) davlat tashkilotlarini zamonaviylashtirish, eng avvalo, harbiy islohotlar oʻtkazish harakatini boshladi. Yangi Nizom („Nizomi jadid“) deb nomlangan bu islohotlar natijasida boshqaruv, moliya, savdo, qishloq xoʻjaligi., ilmfan va boshqa sohalarda yangiliklar joriy etishga kirishildi. Biroq islohotlarga jaholatparast ulamolar, armiyadagi nufuzini yoʻqotishdan qoʻrqqan yanicharlar va boshqa qarshilik koʻrsatib, 1807-yil 15-mayda koʻtarilgan isyon natijasida Sulton Salim III ni taxtdan agʻdarib tashladilar. Taxtga chiqqan Mustafo IVning faoliyati „Nizomi jadid“ tufayli qoʻlga kiritilgan yutuqlarni yoʻq qilishga qaratildi. Biroq islohotchilar oʻz tarafdorini koʻpaytirishga muvaffaq boʻldilar va 1808-yil 28-iyulda Sulton Mahmud II ni taxtga oʻtqazdilar. Mahmud II yanicharlarni yoʻq qildi va armiyani qayta tashkil etdi, boshqaruv, moliya, huquq va boshqa sohalarda ijobiy oʻzgarishlarni amalga oshirdi. Biroq uning islohotlari Usmoniylar imperiyasi inqirozini toʻxtata olmadi. Yunoniston va Serbiyada qoʻzgʻolonlar koʻtarildi. Bu orada Rossiya Turkiya oʻrtasida 1806— 12 yillarda boʻlib oʻtgan urush oqibatida Rossiya sarhadlari Prut daryosigacha kengaydi. 1828—1829-yilgi urushda ham Rossiya gʻolib chiqdi va Turkiya Yunonistonga muxtoriyat maqomini berishga majbur boʻddi. Turkiyaning Yevropa kapitaliga iqtisodiy karamligi ortdi. Qaramlikdan qutulish uchun Turkiya hukmron sinfi 1839-yil yangidan islohot (tanzimat) oʻtkazib, turk ziyolilarining shakllanishiga imkon yaratdi. 1853—1856-yillarda Rossiyaga qarshi olib borilgan Kroʻm urushida Turkiya galaba qozondi. Rossiya 1856-yil 30-martda Parij sulh shartnomasini imzolashga majbur boʻldi. Ushbu shartnomaga koʻra, Dunay daryosida kemalar erkin qatnaydigan, Qora dengiz barcha mamlakatlar savdo kemalari uchun ochiq, betaraf deb eʼlon qilindi, „Usmoniylar imperiyasining butunligi va daxlsizligi“ tan olindi. </p><p>Bu davrda Turkiyada Yevropa madaniyati, iqtisodiyotiga qiziqish kuchaydi, banklar ochildi, sanoat rivojlana boshladi. Taraqqiyparvar ziyoli, jurnalist, yozuvchi, maʼmur va boshqa yetishib chiqdi. Sulton Abdulaziz saltanati davri (1861—1876)da Tanzimat harakati qiyinchilik bilan boʻlsada, davom ettirildi. Bu davrda Usmoniylar davlati bironbir xalqaro urushda katnashmadi. Biroq imperiyaning Bolqon yarim oroldagi qududlarida isyonlar yuz berdi. Mamlakatning ijtimoiyiqtisodiy ahvolini yaxshilash, konstitutsiyaviy tuzum oʻrnatish gʻoyasi tarafdori boʻlgan Yosh usmoniylar harakati kengaydi. Bu davrga kelib kitob, jurnali va gazetalar chop etila boshlandi. Sulton Abdulhamid II (1876—1908-yillarda boshkargan) taxtga chiqqan yili ilk Asosiy Qonun eʼlon qilindi (1876-yil 23-dekabr). Sulton hukumatni tanqid ostiga olgan parlamentni 1879-yil fevral.da tarqatib yubordi, yosh usmoniylarning koʻpchiligini taʼqib ostiga oldi. 1877—1878-yillardagi Rossiya-Turkiya urushida Turkiyaning yengilishi bilan Bolqon yarim orolda Turkiya hukmronligi tugatildi. 1881-yil Fransiya Tunisni, 1882-yilda Buyuk Britaniya Misrni bosib oldi. Mamlakatda yosh turklar harakati tobora kuchaydi, ular tomonidan tuzilgan yashirin „Ittihod va taraqqiy“ tashkilotining kuchli taʼsiri ostida Sulton 1908-yil 23-iyulda yana konstitutsiyaviy tuzum oʻrnatishini eʼlon qilishga majbur boʻldi. 1914-yildan butun hokimiyat yosh turklarning yoʻlboshchilari boʻlgan Mehmet Talʼat posho (1874— 1921), Ahmad Jamol posho (1872— 1922) va harbiy nozir Anvar posho (1881 – 1922) qoʻliga oʻtdi. Birinchi jahon urushida Usmoniylar davlati Olmoniya tomonida turib urushdi. 1918-yil 30-oktabrda Turkiya Antanta davlatlariga taslim boʻldi. Antanta davlatlari Turkiyani ishgʻol qildilar. Turk xalqi orasida milliy ozodlik harakati boshlandi. Turkiyada Ozodlik urushi (Kurtulish savashi) deb atalgan bu umummilliy harakatga Mustafo Kamol posho (Otaturk) boshchilik qildi. Ozodlik urushi avj oldi. 1921-yilgi Inoʻnoʻ va Saqariya janglari natijasida Yunoniston qoʻshinlari ustidan gʻalaba qozonildi. 1922-yil 9-sentabrda Izmir ozod qilindi. 1922-yil 1-noyabrda Turkiya Buyuk Millat Majlisi (TBMM) sultonlikni bekor qilish va xalifalikni saltanatdan ajratish toʻgʻrisida qonun qabul qildi. Lozanna sulh shartnomasi (1923-yil 24-iyul) ga muvofiq, Turkiyaning chegaralari belgilandi, Turkiyaning siyosiy, iqtisodiy mustaqilligi eʼtirof etildi. 1923-yil 29-oktabrda Turkiya respublika deb eʼlon etildi. 1924-yil 3-martda esa xalifalik bekor qilindi. 1924—1934-yillarda davlat qurilishi, huquqiy munosabatlar, madaniyat va turmushga oid qator islohotlar oʻtkazildi, jumladan, Konstitutsiya qabul qilindi, arab alifbosidan lotin alifbosiga oʻtildi. Eng avvalo, davlat va din birbiridan ajratildi, maktab va taʼlimtarbiya ishlari davlat ixtiyoriga olindi, shariat sudlari bekor qilinib, yangi sud tizimi shakllantirildi, qonunlar yangidan ishlab chiqildi, ayollarga saylov huquqi berildi. Iqtisodiyot sohasida ham oʻzgartirishlar amalga oshirildi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ikkinchi_jahon_urushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikkinchi jahon urushi">Ikkinchi jahon urushi</a> (1939—1945) davrida Turkiya Fransiya va Angliya bilan shartnoma tuzib, iqtisodiy yordam olishga muvaffaq boʻldi. U Sovet Ittifoqining Turkiyaga qarshi hujum qilish xavfini oldini olib, 1941-yil 25-martda SSSR bilan shartnoma imzoladi. Olmoniya bilan ham u Sovet Ittifoqiga hujum qilishidan bir necha kun oldin xuddi shunday shartnoma tuzildi. 1945-yil fevralda Turkiya AQSH, Angliya va SSSRga qoʻshilib, Olmoniya va Yaponiyaga qarshi urush eʼlon qildi. 1945-yil 5-martda Turkiya San-Fransisko konferensiyasiga taklif etildi va BMT ni barpo etgan aʼzolar qatoridan joy oldi. </p><p>Turkiya 1952-yil NATO ga aʼzo boʻldi. Bu davrda Turkiya Koreya urushida ishtirok etdi. 1954-yildan keyin iqtisodiy ahvol ogʻirlashib, inflyatsiya kuchaydi, talabalar namoyishlari boʻlib oʻtdi, tanglik ortdi. Vaziyatdan xavfsiragan harbiylar 1960-yil 27-mayda davlat toʻntarishi qildi. 1961-yil 9-iyulda demokratik erkinliklarni koʻzda tutgan yangi konstitutsiya qabul qilindi. 1965-yilgi saylov natijasida Sulaymon Demirel hokimiyat tepasiga keldi. 1971-yildan koalitsion hukumatlar davri boshlandi, hukumatlar ketma-ket almashinib turdi. Mamlakatda iqtisodiy tanglik, oziq-ovqat, yonilgʻi tanqisligi roʻy berdi, terror avj oldi. Bu vaziyatda general Kenan Evren boshchiligidagi harbiylar 1980-yil 12-sentabrda hokimiyatni egallab, TBMM va hukumatni tarqatib yubordi, qamal holati eʼlon qildi, partiya rahbarlarini nazorat ostiga oldi. 1982-yil 7-noyabrdagi referendum natijasida yangi Konstitutsiya qabul qilindi, Kenan Evren prezident boʻldi. 1983-yil 24-apreldan siyosiy partiyalar faoliyatiga ruxsat berildi. Oʻsha davrdan siyosiy faoliyatini boshlagan Turgʻut Oʻzal Ona vatan partiyasini tuzdi. Bu partiya 1983-yil 24-noyabrdagi saylovda muvaffaqiyat qozonib, hokimiyat tepasiga keldi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turg%CA%BBut_O%CA%BBzal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgʻut Oʻzal (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Turgʻut Oʻzal</a> qatʼiy islohotlar oʻtkazib, iqtisodiyotni taraqqiyot yoʻliga olib chiqdi. Eksport va import erkinlashtirildi, eksportni ragʻbatlantiruvchi ochiq iqtisodiy siyosat olib borildi. Natijada ishlab chiqarish. eksportga yoʻnaltirildi, xususiylashtirish boshlandi, erkin tijorat mintaqalari barpo qilindi va Turkiya iqtisodiyoti jadal rivojlana boshladi. Turizm misli koʻrilmagan darajada taraqqiy topdi. Turgʻut Oʻzal 1989-yil 9-noyabrda prezident etib saylandi. 1991-yil <a href="/wiki/Sovet_Ittifoqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovet Ittifoqi">Sovet Ittifoqi</a> tugatilgandan soʻng Kavkaz va Oʻrta Osiyoda tashkil topgan mustaqil davlatlar bilan yaqin va doʻstona munosabatlar oʻrnatildi. Turgʻut Oʻzal vafoti (1993)dan soʻng Sulaymon Demirel prezident etib saylandi. Turkiya <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi">Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi</a> suverenitetini 1991-yil 16-dekabrda tan olgan va 1992-yil 4-martda diplomatiya munosabatlari oʻrnatgan. Milliy bayrami —29-oktabr – Respublika kuni (1923). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asosiy_siyosiy_partiyalari_va_kasaba_uyushmalari">Asosiy siyosiy partiyalari va kasaba uyushmalari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Asosiy siyosiy partiyalari va kasaba uyushmalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Asosiy siyosiy partiyalari va kasaba uyushmalari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adolat va rivojlanish partiyasi, 2001-yil tuzilgan; Ona vatan partiyasi, 1983-yil tashkil etilgan; Jumhuriyat xalq partiyasi, 1923-yil asos solingan; Toʻgʻri yoʻl partiyasi, 1983-yil tuzilgan; Milliyotchi harakat partiyasi, 1983-yil kayta tashkil etilgan; Demokratik soʻl partiya, 1985-yil asos solingan; Demokratik partiya, 1994-yil tuzilgan; Buyuk Birlik partiyasi, 1993-yil asos solingan; Demokratik Turkiya partiyasi, 1997-yil tashkil etilgan. Turkiya Ishchi kasaba uyushmalari konfederatsiyasi („TurkIsh“), 1952-yil tashkil etilgan; Turkiya Inqilobiy ishchilar kasaba uyushmalari konfederatsiyasi, 1967-yil „Tur.kIsh“dan baʼzi uyushmalarning ajralishi natijasida tuzilgan; Turkiya Haq ishchi kasaba uyushmalari konfederatsiyasi („HaqIsh“), 1976-yil barpo etilgan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xoʻjaligi"><span id="Xo.CA.BBjaligi"></span>Xoʻjaligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Xoʻjaligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Xoʻjaligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya – industrialagrar mamlakat. 1980-yil iqtisodiyotda tub burilishni koʻzda tutgan keng qamrovli dastur joriy etila boshlandi. Eksportga moʻljallangan mahsulotlar ishlab chiqaruvchi sanoat korxonalari paydo boʻla boshladi. Amalga oshirilgan islohotlar natijasida markazdan boshqaruv oʻrniga bozor mexanizmiga oʻtildi. Soliq masalasida bir qancha qulayliklar yaratildi, sarmoya jamgʻarmalari tez surʼatlar bilan koʻpaydi, chet el sarmoyasi erkin kelishiga qulay imkoniyat yaratildi. Chet el sarmoyasi va texnologiyasini jalb etishni tezlashtirish uchun 1985-yilda „Erkin mintaqalar qonuni“ kuchga kirdi. Bunday mintaqalar 1987-yilda atigi 2 ta (Mersin va Antaliya) boʻlgan boʻlsa, 2002-yilga kelib ularning soni 21 taga yetdi. Ana shular natijasida yalpi ichki mahsulotda sanoatning ulushi 28,7 %, qishloq xoʻjaliginiki 14,4 %, xizmat koʻrsatish sohasiniki 56,9 % boʻldi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanoati">Sanoati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Sanoati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sanoati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya xromit ishlab chiqarish. va eksport qilishda dunyoda yetakchi (toʻrtinchi) oʻrinda turadi (40 million tonnalik xromit zaxirasi bor). Shuningdek, gaz, neft, toshkoʻmir, temir, marganets, mis va boshqa rangli metallar qazib olinadi. Sanoat korxonalari asosan mamlakatning gʻarbiy va markaziy qismida joylashgan. Keyingi yillarda mamlakat sharqiy qismini rivojlantirish uchun choratadbirlar koʻrildi. Turkiya sanoatida avtomobilsozlik, elektronika, kimyo, toʻqimachilik, koʻnchilik mahsulotlari, qurilish materiallari, oʻsimlik yogʻi ishlab chiqarish. yetakchi oʻrin tutadi. Avtomobil sanoatidagi 15 firma 2001-yil 270685 yengil avtomobil va yuk mashinasi ishlab chiqardi. Keyingi davrda Turkiyada elektronika sanoati jadal rivojlandi. Kimyo sanoatida 970 fabrika faoliyat koʻrsatadi. Turkiya toʻqimachilik sanoati mollari eksportida dunyoda 15, tayyor kiyim eksportida esa 7-oʻrinda turadi. Turkiyada <a href="/wiki/Elektr" title="Elektr">elektr energiya</a> ishlab chiqarishda anʼanaviy oʻtin, toshkoʻmir, neft, tabiiy gaz, gidro va issiqlik energiyasi singari manbalardan tashqari quyosh va shamol energiyasidan ham foydalaniladi. Yiliga oʻrtacha 125 milliard kVt/soat elektr energiya hosil qilinadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qishloq_xoʻjaligi"><span id="Qishloq_xo.CA.BBjaligi"></span>Qishloq xoʻjaligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Qishloq xoʻjaligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Qishloq xoʻjaligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya hududining 16 % ni oʻtloq, 26 % ni oʻrmonlar tashkil etadi, 35 % da, yaʼni jami hududning 1/3 qismida dehqonchilik qilinadi. Turkiyada gʻalla, paxta, tamaki, qand lavlagi, zigʻir, kanop va boshqalarlar yetishtiriladi. Turkiya yongʻoq (funduk), anjir va oʻrik yetishtirishda dunyoda 1, sabzavot, uzum va tamaki yetishtirishda 4, bugʻdoy va paxta yetishtirishda esa 7oʻrinda turadi. Beda, kungaboqar, meva ham yetishtiriladi. Soʻnggi yillarda sugʻorma dehqonchilikka eʼtibor kuchaydi. 2000-yil chorvachilikda 11 mln. qoramol, 28,4 mln. qoʻy-echki, 250 mln. tovuq yetishtirilgan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transporti">Transporti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Transporti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Transporti"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avtomobil yoʻllari uzunligi 63167 km, temir yoʻl uzunligi 10940 km. Mamlakat ichkarisida yoʻlovchilarning 95 % avtomobil transportida, mamlakat tashqarisiga yoʻlovchilar, asosan, havo yoʻllari, yuklar esa, asosan, dengiz yoʻli orqali tashiladi. Turkiya dengiz savdo floti 3157 kemadan iborat boʻlib, u eksport yuklarning 72 %, import yuklarning 95 % ni tashiydi. Asosiy portlari: Istanbul, Mersin, Izmir, Trabzon, Iskandarun, Samsun. Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir shahrilarida xalqaro aeroportlar bor. Bosfor boʻgʻozi ustiga osma koʻprik qurilgan. Turkiyaning eng muhim neft quvuri tarmogʻi yiliga 70,9 mln. tonna Iroq neftini Jeyxan dengiz terminaliga yetkazib beradi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tashqi_savdosi">Tashqi savdosi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tashqi savdosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Tashqi savdosi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya chetga qora va rangli metall rudalari, poʻlat, gazlama, hoʻl meva, tamaki, charm buyumlar, kimyoviy mahsulotlar, elektronika va roʻzgʻor buyumlar chiqaradi, chetdan neft, mashina va uskuna, sanoat xom ashyosi va tayyor buyumlar oladi. Olmoniya, Italiya, AQSH, Fransiya, Rossiya, Kavkaz va Oʻrta Osiyo mamlakatlari bilan savdo qiladi. Turkiyada turizm rivojlangan. 2002-yil Turkiyani 13 mln. xorijiy sayyoh ziyorat qildi, turizmdan tushgan daromad 10 mlrd. AQSH dollariga yetdi. Pul birligi – turk lirasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tibbiy_xizmati">Tibbiy xizmati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tibbiy xizmati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Tibbiy xizmati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiyada oʻrtacha umr 69 yoshni tashkil etadi. 1989—2002-yillarda kasalxonalardagi oʻrinlar soni 133 mingdan 178315 ga, kasalxonalar soni 1156 taga yetdi. Vrach, hamshira va farmatsevtlar soni yildanyilga koʻpaymoqda. 1995-yildan beri oʻtkazilayotgan islohotlar natijasida oila vrachi modeliga oʻtish, Turkiya sogʻliqni saqlash xizmatini Yevropa darajasiga olib chiqish moʻljallangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maorifi,_ilmiy_va_madaniymaʼrifiy_muassasalari"><span id="Maorifi.2C_ilmiy_va_madaniyma.CA.BCrifiy_muassasalari"></span>Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Maorifi, ilmiy va madaniymaʼrifiy muassasalari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiyada bepul majburiy oʻrta taʼlim joriy qilingan. Milliy taʼlim tizimi 3 qism (asosiy taʼlim, yordamchi taʼlim—kurslar va ochiq, yaʼni sirtqi taʼlim)dan iborat. Asosiy taʼlim maktabgacha tarbiya, boshlangʻich, oʻrta va oliy taʼlim muassasalarini oʻz ichiga oladi. Yordamchi taʼlim oʻquv yurtlaridan tashqarida tashkil etiladigan kurslar faoliyatini qamrab oladi. 2002/03 oʻquv yili asosiy taʼlim tizimida 52692 taʼlimtarbiya muassasasi ishladi, jumladan maktabgacha taʼlim muassasalarida 320 ming bola tarbiyalandi, boshlangʻich maktablarda 10,3 mln., oʻrta maktablarda 3 mln. oʻquvchi, oliy oʻquv yurtlarida 1,7 mln. talaba taʼlim oldi, Yordamchi, yaʼni keng xalk, taʼlimi tizimida 3 mln. kishi mashgʻul boʻldi. </p><p>Boshlangʻich taʼlim (6—14 yoshdagi bolalar uchun) 8 yil Oʻrta taʼlim kamida 3 yillik boʻlib, oʻquvchilarga umumiy oʻrta taʼlim, kasbhunar va texnika taʼlimi berishga moʻljallangan. Jismoniy yoki ruhiy rivojlanishida nuqsoni boʻlgan bolalar xususiy tarbiya tizimida oʻqiydilar. 2002-2003 oʻquv yili bu tizimdagi 325 maktabda 19,4 ming oʻquvchi taʼlim oldi. 2002-2003 oʻquv yili Turkiya oliy taʼlim tizimidagi 76 universitet, yuzlab int, konservatoriya, kasb oliy oʻquv yurtlarida 1 mln. 894 mingdan ziyod talaba oʻqidi. Oliy oʻquv yurtlarida oʻqish pulli. Yirik untlari: Istanbul universiteti (1453), Anqara universiteti (1946), Oʻrta Sharq texnika universiteti (1956), Egey universiteti, Otaturk universiteti, Qora dengiz texnika universiteti, Bosfor universiteti, tibbiy mutaxassislar tayyorlanadigan Hojitepa universiteti. </p><p>Madaniyat vazirligi tizimida 1440 kutubxona va 92 muzey bor. Yirik kutubxonalar: Anqaradagi milliy kutubxona, Ankara va Istanbul untlari kutubxonalari, Anqaradagi TBMM kutubxonasi. Yirik muzeylar: Turk osori atiqa (arxeologiya va etn.) muzeyi (1923), Istanbuddagi Toʻpqopi saroyi (1927), Etn. muzeyi (1930), <a href="/wiki/Sofiya_ibodatxonasi" title="Sofiya ibodatxonasi">Ayo Sofiya ibodatxonasi</a> muzeyi (1934). </p><p>Turkiyada ilmiy tadqiqot ishlarini muvofiklashtirish uchun Ilm va Texnologiya oliy jamiyati tuzilgan. 1993-yil Fanlar akademiyasi va Turk Patent instituti barpo etildi. Standartlar (1960), Marmar dengizini ilmiy va texnologik tadqiq etish (1972) ilmiy tadqiqot institutlari, kimyo, biologiya, elektroradiografiya, mikrobiologiya, veterinariya, geologiya, tarix, tilshunoslik, iqtisodiyot, falsafa jamiyatlari bor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matbuoti,_radioeshittirishi_va_telekoʻrsatuvi"><span id="Matbuoti.2C_radioeshittirishi_va_teleko.CA.BBrsatuvi"></span>Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi va telekoʻrsatuvi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi va telekoʻrsatuvi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Matbuoti, radioeshittirishi va telekoʻrsatuvi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2003-yil Turkiyada 3450 gazeta, jurnali va boshqa matbuot nashrlari chop etildi. Eng yirik kundalik gaz.lari: „Hurriyat“ (1948-yildan), „Milliyot“ (1950-yildan), „Saboh“ (1985-yildan), „Jumhuriyat“ (1923-yildan), „Yangi nayel“ (1970-yildan). Eng yirik jurnalilari: haftanomalar – „Ekonomist“, „Aktual“, „Oto xabar“, „Tempo“, „Nuqta“; oynomalar – „Soʻfra“, „Kosmopoliten“: „Turkiya“, „Kapital“, „PC Magazin“ va boshqa Anadolu agentligi (AA) Turkiyaning yetakchi axborot agentligi; 1920-yil tashkil topgan. Bir necha xususiy agentlik ham bor. Turkiya Radio va telekoʻrsatuv jamiyati 1964-yil 1-mayda tashkil etilgan. Radioeshittirishlar 1927-yildan, telekoʻrsatuvlar 1968-yildan boshlangan. Mamlakatda 36 milliy, 103 mintaqaviy va 951 mahalliy radiostya, 16 xalqaro, 15 mintaqaviy va 227 mahalliy telemarkaz faoliyat koʻrsatadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adabiyoti">Adabiyoti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Adabiyoti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Adabiyoti"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya ogʻzaki ijodiga xos boʻlgan qahramonlik dostonlari, jumladan, „Oʻgʻuznoma“ turkumida dunyoning yaratilishi va odamning paydo boʻlishi haqidagi islomgacha boʻlgan afsonalar bayon etilgan. Tarixiy qahramonlik dostonlaridan „Erganakon“, Koʻroʻgʻli (Goʻroʻgli) turkumi va Dada Qoʻrkut kitobi mashhur. Anadoluda turk tilida yaratilgan dastlabki yozma asarlar tasavvuf mazmunida boʻlib, XIII asr oʻrtalariga mansub. Saroy adabiyeti vakillari aruz vaznida ijod qilganlar. Oʻsha davr anʼanasiga koʻra, koʻpchilik shoirlar oʻz asarlarini fors tilida yozganlar. Bu davr ijodkorlari orasida Jaloliddin Rumiy, Yunus Emra, Hoji Bektoshi Valiy ijodi ayniqsa ajralib turadi. Turk tilida birincha marta Oshiq Posho (1271 – 1332) tasavvufona ruxda sheʼr va dostonlar bitdi. Uning 12 ming baytlik „Gʻaribnoma“ dostoni va „Faqirnoma“, „Vasfi hol“ asarlari bor. 14-asrda Dehxrniy, Qozi Burhoniddin, Nasimiy va Ahmadiy kabi shoirlar ijod qiddi. XVasrdan turk sheʼriyati rivojlana boshladi. Bu taraqqiyot 17-asrgacha davom etdi. Hamdi Chalabiy (1449—1503) turk tilida „Xamsa“ yaratdi. Axmad Doiy, Fuzuliy, Xayoliy, Zotiy, Boqiy, Umar Nafiy, Nadim kabi shoirlar yetishib chiqdi. 18-asrdan saroy adabiyeti xalqqa yaqinlashdi. Shoirlarning kupi oddiy xalqqa soddaroq uslubda, ziyolilar uchun jimjimador va murakkab uslubda asarlar bitdilar. Oshiq Poshshozoda, Oshiq Chalabiy, Avliyo Chalabiy, Nayma, Qoʻchibey va Marjimak Ahmad oʻz davrining yetuk adiblaridir. 19-asrda Gʻarb adabiyeti taʼsirida yangi adabiyot shakllana boshladi, ilk roman, pyesa, tadqiqot ishlari paydo boʻddi. Tanzimatdavri yozuvchilari adabiy tilni xalq tiliga yaqinlashtirdilar. Ibrohim Shinosiy (1826—1871), Nomiq Kamol (1840— 1888), Shamsiddin Sami (1850—1904), Rejaizoda Mahmud Akram va boshqa yangi realistik adabiyot asoschilari boʻldilar. Turk romanchiligi asoschisi Xolid Ziyo Ushoqligilning „Moviy va Qora“, „Taqiklangan ishq“ romanlari, Mehmet Raufning „Sentyabr“ nomli ilk psixologik romani dunyo yuzini koʻrdi. </p><p>Birinchi jahon urushidan soʻng Yoqub Qadri Qorausmonoʻgʻli, Xolida Edip, Rashod Nuri Guntekin va Rafiq Xolid Qaray, Turkiya madhiyasi muallifi Mehmet Akif Ersoʻy, Najib Fozil Qisakurak singari yozuvchilar shuxrat qozondi. Nozim Hikmat Ran sarbast usulda sheʼrlar bitib, yangi oqimga asos soldi. 1940-yillarda Sabohiddin Ali, Said Foyiq Abasiyonik asarlarida jamiyat muammolarining shaxs ichki dunyosiga taʼsirini yoritishga harakat qilinganini koʻrish mumkin. Sabohiddin Alining „Ichimizdagi shayton“ (1940) va „Moʻyna poʻstinli Madonna“ romanlarida madaniy oʻzgarishlarning jamiyat turli toifalariga koʻrsatgan taʼsiri psixologik taxlil qilingan. Tariq Bugʻro, Oʻqtoy Aqbal, Javod Shokir Qabaogʻochli, Xaldun Taner, Javdat Qudrat va Samim Xoʻjakoʻz kabi yozuvchilar ham realistik yoʻldan bordilar. </p><p>Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyin paydo boʻlgan asarlarning koʻpida qishloq hayoti muammolari tilga olindi. Bu adabiyotga qishloqdan chiqqan bir guruh yozuvchilarning kirib kelishi bilan izoxlanadi. Yashar Kamolning „Inja Mamad“ romanida qishloq axli tortayotgan mashaqqatlar tasvirlangan boʻlsa, Aziz Nesin asarlarida kundalik turmushda uchraydigan illat va nuqsonlar hajv qilindi. 1960-yillarda Yavuz Byulent Bakilar, Usmon Atilla, Ayxan I nal va boshqa shoirlar adabiyotga kirib keldi. Ular ijodida insonning oʻz vijdoni, jamiyat oldidagi masʼuliyati kabi mavzular yoritildi. Bu davrda ijod qilgan Suot Darvishning „Fosforli Javriya“ romani mashhur boʻldi. Bu asar asosida kinofilm ham yaratildi. 1970-yillarda adabiyotga kirib kelgan Chetik Altan, Pinar Kur, Tomris Uyar, Aila Qutli va boshqa ijodida psixologik taxlil chuqurlashganligi koʻrinadi. </p><p>1980-yillardagi jamiyatda siyosatdan begonasirash kayfiyatlari kuchayishi adabiyotga ham taʼsir oʻtkazdi. Bu davrda Oʻrxon Pamuq asarlari etibor qozondi. Soʻnggi yillarda Nadim Gursel, Murodxon Mungan, Parixon Mayden va Elif Shafaq oldingi safda turib ijod qilmoqdalar. Turkyozuvchilaridan Rashod Nuri Guntekinning „Choliqushi“, Yashar Kamolning „Inja Mamad“, Suot Darvishning „Fosforli Javriya“ romanlari, Aziz Nesin hikoyalari, Nozim Hikmat sheʼrlari, Yavuz Bahodiroʻgʻlining „Xorazm oʻt ichida“ va „Alvido, Xorazm“ tarixiy romanlari, Najib Fozil Qisakurak sheʼrlari va boshqa koʻplab asarlar oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilinib, nashr etilgan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meʼmorligi"><span id="Me.CA.BCmorligi"></span>Meʼmorligi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Meʼmorligi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Meʼmorligi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Konya.Turkish.building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Konya.Turkish.building.jpg/200px-Konya.Turkish.building.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Konya.Turkish.building.jpg/300px-Konya.Turkish.building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Konya.Turkish.building.jpg/400px-Konya.Turkish.building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Konya</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkiya hududida mil. av. va milodning ilk davrlariga taallukli meʼmoriy yodgorliklar koʻp (qarang <a href="/wiki/Sofiya_ibodatxonasi" title="Sofiya ibodatxonasi">Sofiya ibodatxonasi</a>). Yunoniston, Vizantiya, Arab mamlakatlari, Oʻrta Osiyo davlatlarining meʼmoriy tajribalarini ijodiy oʻzlashtirgan saljuqiylar va usmoniylar imperiyalari meʼmorlari muhtasham, goʻzal binolar kurdilar. XII—XIX asrlarda imperiyaning turli shaharlarida hashamatli saroy, masjid, Madrasa, maqbara, gumbazli hammom, goʻzal favvoralar (mas., Istanbuldagi Sulton Ahmad favvorasi) bunyod etilgan. XV—XVI asrlarda meʼmor Xoja Sinon (1490 – 1588) yangi kompozitsiyalar yaratib, hayratga sazovor 400 dan ziyod bino barpo etdi. Istanbuldagi Sulaymoniya mayejidi, Ahmadiya mayejidi, Salimiya mayejidi ular orasida eng mashhurlaridandir. Usmoniylar imperiyasining inqirozi davri meʼmorligi mahobatliligi bilan ajralib turadi. XX asrning 20-yillari oxiridan shahar qurilishini rejali tarzda olib borishga kirishildi, ayrim shaharlar (Ankara va boshqa shaharlar)ning bosh rejasi tasdiqlandi. 30-yillardan zamonaviy binolar qurish uchun xorijdan meʼmorlar jalb qilindi. Keyinchalik xalqaro tajribani milliy anʼanalar bilan uygʻunlashtirishga erishgan milliy kadrlar yetishdi. Mahalliy qurilish mahsulotlari industriyasi rivojlandi. Bu davrda tanikli meʼmorlardan Sedat Haqqi Eldan yaratgan imoratlarning loyihalari oʻziga xos meʼmoriy yechimi bilan ajralib turadi. Keyingi davrda butun jahonda ommalashayotgan meʼmoriy uslublar Turkiyaga ham kirib keldi. Ammo bu yerda uyjoylarni namunaviy loyihalari ommalashmadi. Katta shaharlarda mahobatli osmonoʻpar binolar qurishga, meʼmorlikda turlituman uslub va yoʻnalishlarni joriy etishga kirishildi. Jumladan, Anqaradagi Kamol Otaturk makbarasi (maʼmorlari E. Onat, O. Arda), Turkiya tarix jamiyati binosi (meʼmori T. Jonsevar), „Stad“ mehmonxonasi (meʼmori M. Xepgyuler), „Odeon“ konsert zali, Xalk, banki, Istanbuldagi „Xilton“ meqmonxonasi (meʼmori Sedat Haqqi Eldan), Izmirdagi osmonoʻpar binolar barpo etildi. Bahruz Chiniji, Chingiz Bektosh, Doʻgʻon Pekali, Affon Yatman va Shavki Vanli kabi meʼmorlar mashhurdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tasviriy_sanʼati"><span id="Tasviriy_san.CA.BCati"></span>Tasviriy sanʼati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Tasviriy sanʼati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Tasviriy sanʼati"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya hududida Qad. Sharq, Ellin, Rim, Vizantiya sanʼati yodgorliklari saqlanib qolgan. Tasviriy sanʼat oʻrta asrlarda miniatyura janrida rivoj topdi. 16-asrda bu sanʼat gullab yashnadi. Badiiy toʻqish, gilamdoʻzlik, kandakorlik, yogʻoch oʻymakorligi rivojlandi. 17—18-asrlarda dastgoh rangtasviri yuzaga keldi. Zamonaviy tasviriy sanʼat 19-asrdan boshlab shakllandi. 1910-yillarda bir guruh rassomlar – Ibrohim Challi, Hikmat Oʻnat, Nomiq Ismoil, Avni Lifij, Fayxaman Duran Yevropada taʼlim oldilar hamda impressionizm va simvolizm yoʻnalishida asarlar yaratdilar. 1929-yil rassomlarning „Mustaqillar“ nomli jamiyati, 1933-yil „D guruhi“ tuzildi. Rangtasvirchilar Zaki Faiq, Izer, Nurullan Berk, Elif Nasi, Kemal Tollu, Abidin Dino va haykaltarosh Zuxtu Muridogʻli impressionizm yoʻnalishini tark etgan holda, yangi yoʻnalishni yaratdilar. Yangi usul anʼanaviy madaniyatning muhim elementlarini 20-asr Yevropa sanʼatining gʻoyalari bilan uygunlashtirishdan iborat edi. 1936-yil Istanbuldagi „Sanoyi nafisa maktabi“ „Nafis sanʼatlar akademiyasi“ga aylantirildi. Turkiya rassomlik sanʼatida turli oqim va yoʻnalishlar rivojlangan. 1949—1950-yillarda „Yangi guruh“ deb nomlangan ijodiy guruh tashkil qilindi. Bu guruh „D guruhi“dan keyin eng mahoratli guruhga aylandi. Bu guruh rassomlari yangi usul va yangi texnik vositalar bilan eksperimentlar oʻtkazdi. Guruh aʼzolari 1955-yilgacha ijtimoiy hayot mavzularida ijod qildilar. </p><p>1950-yillarda Turkiya sanʼatida dastlabki abstrakt rassomlar ijod kila boshladi. Ular qatorida Adnan Koker, Lutfu Gunay, Semey Arel, Sabri Berkel kabi rassomlar boʻlgan. Murod Morova, Zohid Buyukishlayen, Ismat Doʻgʻon kabilar hozirgi davrning tanikli rassomlari hisoblanadi. Yangi asarlar 1977-yildan buyen har yili Istanbulda boʻlib oʻtadigan „Yangi tendensiyalar“ deb nomlangan Sanʼat festivalida namoyish etiladi. Monumental haykaltaroshlik, grafika ham rivojlangan. Abstraksionizm yoʻnalishida Quzgun Ajar xalqaro tanlovlarda sovrinlar olishga sazovor boʻldi. Dastlabki haykaltaroshlik sohasidagi taʼlim chet el rassomlari tomonidan va chet el badiiy taʼlim institutlarida amalga oshirilgan. 1937-yilda olmon haykaltaroshi Rudolf Belling Turkiya Davlat Badiiy akademiyasining haykaltaroshlik boʻlimini boshqargan, koʻp shogird tayyorlagan. U Istanbuldagi aksariyat mahobatli monumentlar muallifi. Haykaltaroshlik koʻrgazmalarining eng kattasi R. Belling boshchiligida Istanbul Texnika universitetida oʻtkazilgan. </p><p>20-asrning 2yarmida R. Bellingning shogirdlaridan Haqqi Atamulu, Yavuz Gorey, Komil Soʻnad, Ilxan Koʻman, Husayin Gezer va Turgut Pura abstraksionizm yoʻnalishida asarlar yaratishdi. Farid Oʻzshen, Salim Bugay, Merich Xizal, Ramzi Savash, Ayub Oʻz, Yunus Toʻnqush kabi haykaltaroshlar ham xalqaro koʻrgazmalarda qatnashib, Turkiya sanʼatini dunyoga tanitayotgan ijodkorlardir. Amaliy bezak sanʼati sohasida kulolchilik, gilamdoʻzlik, zargarlik, yogʻoch oʻymakorligi, kashtachilik gʻoyat rivojlangan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musiqasi">Musiqasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Musiqasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Musiqasi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anadoluda saljuqiylar davridan boshlab hozirgi davrga qadar turk musiqasi turli yoʻnalishlarda rivojlangan. Turk anʼanaviy musiqasi 2 qatlamga – xalq va professional musiqa turlariga ajratiladi. Xalq musiqasida turkular (barmoq vaznidagi sheʼrlarga asoslangan xalq qoʻshiqlari), shuningdek, turli mavzudagi laparlar keng oʻrin tutadi. Ularning kuylariga asosiy pogʻonalardan yuqori va pastga siljishlar, ritmikaga – sinkopalar xosdir. Xalq qoʻshiq kuylari „uzun kuy“ va „qisqa kuy“ shaklida boʻladi. Keng diapazonli va erkin ritmga asoslangan uzun kuyli qoʻshiklar asosan sevgi (bozlaq) va motam (agʻit) mavzularida boʻladi. Aniq oʻlchovli va qisqa hajmli ohang tuzilmalariga rioya qilingan qoʻshiqlar asosan oʻyin, raqs va aytishuv (mone)larda namoyon boʻladi. Turli (marosim, mehnat, raqs) cholgʻu kuylar bogʻlama, kval (nay turlari), surnay, zambir (koʻshnayga oʻxshagan), torli kamoncha va soz, urma dovul, daf, darbuka kabi cholgʻularda ijro etiladi. Turk mumtoz musiqasi 15-asrdan Anadoluda ijod eta boshlagan oshiqlar faoliyati bilan bogliq. Ular turk baxshi (oʻzon) anʼanalarini davom ettirib, turli terma va qoʻshiklarini soz, bogʻlama, qoʻbiz joʻrligida badiha shaklida ijro etgan. Ogʻzaki anʼanadagi professional musiqasida maqamlar asosiy oʻrin tutadi. Shuningdek, turkum shakliga ega fasl (vokalcholgʻu asar) janri keng tarqalgan. Sozlardan nay, tambur, ud, qonun keng qoʻllanadi. Diniy musiqa janrlaridan ilohiya, sharqiya, mavlaviya kabi aytim shakllari mavjud. Bastakorlardan Marokiy, Ismoildada afandi, Hofiz Poʻst, Sulton Salim III (Usmoniylar hukmdori), Kvntemir oʻgʻli va boshqa mashhur. </p><p>Koʻp ovozli kompozitorlik musiqa Turkiyada respublika barpo etilgandan keyin qaror topdi. Koʻp ovozli musiqaning xalq musiqasiga, milliy ohanglarga asoslanishi borasida koʻp izlanishlar olib borgan Ahmad Adnan Saygun musiqani jahon miqyosida tanitishda katta xizmat qildi. Kompozitorlik musiqaning keng yoyilishida „Prezident simfonik orkestri“ning roli katta. Bu orkestr AQSH, Yevropa va Janubiy Koreyada konsertlar bergan. Istanbul, Izmir, Antaliya va Chukurova davlat simfonik orkestrlari ham faoliyat yuritadi. Ulardan tashqari Bilkent simfonik orkestri, Borusan Istanbul filarmoniyasi orkestri, Oqbank orkestri singari xususiy jamoalar bor. Xalq musiqasi yoʻlida ijod qilayotgan Narimon Oltintogʻ Tufakchi, Ahmad Gʻozi Oyxon, Musa Eroʻgʻli, Belqis Oqqala xalq oʻrtasida mashhur. 1960-yillardan rok musiqa yoʻnalishlariga qiziqish paydo boʻldi. Hozirgi paytda popmusiqasida Ibrohim Tatlisas, Sezan Aqsu, Nilufar, Teoman, jazda Karam Goʻrsev, Ilxan Ershaxin, Nukhet Ruajan kabi sanʼatkorlar mashhur. Bastakor, musiqachilar Istanbul (1923), Anqara (1936), Izmir (1951) konservatoriyalarida tayyorlanadi. Ankara operetta teatri (1928), Opera teatri (1950) va Istanbul opera teatri (1960)ning ochilishi musiqa sanʼati rivojida muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi. 1948-yilda Istanbulda ochilgan akademik balet maktabi (1950-yildan Anqarada) milliy kadrlar tayyorlaydi. Davlat opera va balet bosh direksiyasi tomonidan 1998-yildan buyen har yili xalqaro festivallar, Istanbulda xalqaro musika festivallari oʻtkazib kelinadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teatri">Teatri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Teatri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Teatri"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiyada teatr sanʼati uzoqtarixga ega. Xalq ijodining anʼanaviy shakllari – qoʻgʻirchoq va chodirxayol teatri (qoragoʻz), maydonchalarda namoyish etiladigan oʻrta oʻyin tomoshalari professional turk teatrining tamali boʻldi. Tanzimat davrida garb modelidagi teatr faoliyat boshladi. Bu davrda turk yozuvchilari ham pyesalar yozishga kirishdilar. Ibrohim Shinosiyning „Shoirning uylanishi“ nomli komediyasi turk teatri uchun burilish nuqtasi boʻldi. 1908-yildan soʻng professional va havaskorlik teatrlari tashkil qilina boshladi. Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa, Adana va Ankara shlarida teatr binolari kurildi. 1914-yil Istanbulda „Dorulbadiyai usmoniya“ nomli teatr ochildi. U turk teatr sanʼatining rivojiga katta turtki berdi. 1927-yildan bu teatrga rahbar boʻlgan Muhsin Ertugʻrul birinchi bolalar teatrini ham tuzdi. 1949-yil barpo etilgan Davlat teatrining Anqara, Istanbul, Izmir va Bursa sh.larida 18 ta doimiy sahnasi mavjud boʻlib, yiliga 100 ga yaqin asarni sahnalashtiradi. „Kichik sahna“ nomli ilk xususiy teatr 1951-yilda ochilgan. Undan keyin Chiyir sahna, Choʻntak teatri, Muammar Qoracha teatri, Istanbul operettasi singari xususiy teatrlar ish boshladi. 1982-yildan Istanbulda Hodi Chaman Yeditepa oʻyinchilari, Enis Fosforoʻgʻli teatri, Xoʻdri Maydon madaniyat markazi, Anqarada Anqara Sanʼat teatri faoliyat koʻrsatadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kinosi">Kinosi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Kinosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kinosi"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1914-yil operator Fuad Uzqinay „Ayastefonosdagi rus obidasinig yiqilishi“ nomli ilk hujjatli filmni suratga olgan. 1917-yil Sedad Simavi suratga olgan „Panja“ filmi birinchi badiiy film hisoblanadi. 1919-yil Kamol va Shokir Sedanlar „Kamolfilm“ kino studiyasini tashkil etdilar, 1922-yildan shu kinostudiyada rejissyorlik qila boshlagan Muhsin Ertugʻrul „Olovli koʻylak“ (1923), „Anqara pochtasi“ (1929), „Istanbul koʻchalarida“ (1931), „Bir millat uygʻonmoqda“ (1932), „Fojiali yoʻl“ (1933), „Tosh parchasi“ (1939) filmlarini suratga oldi. 1950-yildan kino sanʼati rivojlana boshladi. 1956-yil „Gilamchi“ nomi bilan 1turk rangli filmi yaratildi. 1960-yil 60 kinofilm suratga olindi. Undan keyingi davrda turk kinosi yanada jonlandi. Metin Erksan, Xolid Rafigʻ, Ertem Goʻrech, Lutfi Umar Akad, Atif Yilmaz, Usmon Sedan, Duygu Sayiroʻgʻli, Nevzat Pesen va Mamduh Un kabi rejissyorlar ijtimoiy muammolarni, insonning oʻz qadrqimmati, shaʼni uchun kurashi mavzuini yoritdilar. Metin Erksanning qishloq hayoti muammolarini yoritgan „Suvsiz yoz“ (1964) filmi Berlin xalqaro kinofestivalida bosh sovringa sazovor boʻldi. 1970—1975-yillarda 1383 badiiy film suratga olindi. 1970-yillarda yetishgan Yilmaz Gyuney, Surayyo Duru, Zaki Oʻktan, Sharif Gyoren va boshqa rejissyorlar davrning siyosiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy muammolarini aks ettirgan kinofilmlar yaratdilar. Y. Gyuneyning „Ota“ (1972), „Betoqatlik“ (1975) filmlari eʼtibor qozondi. Turkon Shoʻray kabi taniqli artistlar xalqaro mukofotlar sohibi boʻldilar. Rejissyor Y. Gyuneyning „Poda“ filmi (1978) Lokarnodagi, rejissyor O. Kovurning „Yusuf va Kenan“ filmi (1980) Milandagi, rejissyorlar Sh. Gyoren va Y. Gyuneyning „Yoʻl“ filmi (1981) Kanndagi kinofestivallarda bosh sovringa ega boʻldi. 20-asrning 90-yillari turk kinosining sifat jihatidan eng muvaffaqiyatli davri hisoblanadi. Bu davrda kino sanʼatidan taʼlim beruvchi oliy oʻquv yurtlarining koʻpayishi, mohir rejissyor va kinoartistlarining yetishib chiqishi, kinotelekoʻrsatuv raqobatining jadallashuvi va xalqaro maydonda erishilgan muvaffaqiyatlar Turkiya kinosini rivojlantirgan omillar boʻldi. Turkiyada 650 kinoteatr mavjud (2003). Anqara, Istanbul, Izmirda xalqaro kinofestivallar, xalqaro Uzoq Sharq filmlari, Yevropa filmlari, Adanada Oltin koʻsak madaniyat va sanʼat festivallari, shuningdek, 1998-yildan buyen har yili Anqarada „Uchar supurgi“ ayollar filmlari festivali ham oʻtkazib kelinadi. „Uchar supurgi“ festivalida ayol rejissyor, artist, kinochilar ijodiy uchrashuvlar oʻtkazishadi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oʻzbekiston_–_Turkiya_munosabatlari"><span id="O.CA.BBzbekiston_.E2.80.93_Turkiya_munosabatlari"></span>Oʻzbekiston – Turkiya munosabatlari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Oʻzbekiston – Turkiya munosabatlari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Oʻzbekiston – Turkiya munosabatlari"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiya <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston" title="Oʻzbekiston">Oʻzbekiston</a> Respublikasining mustaqilligini tan olib, ikki davlat oʻrtasida diplomatiya munosabatlari oʻrnatilgach, 1992 y aprelda Turkiyaning Toshkentdagi elchixonasi, 1993-yil yanvarda esa Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Anqaradagi elchixonasi oʻz faoliyatini boshladi. Istanbulda Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Bosh konsulxonasi ochildi. </p><p>Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Islom Karimov 1991-yil dekabr, 1994-yil iyun va 1997-yil noyabrda rasmiy tashrif bilan Turkiyada boʻldi. 1998-yil oktabrda Turkiya Respublikasining 75 yilligiga bagʻishlangan tantanalarda ishtirok etdi. Oʻz navbatida, Turkiya Prezidentlari Turkiya Oʻzal, S. Demirel va boshqa davlat arboblari bir necha bor rasmiy tashrif bilan Oʻzbekistonda boʻddilar. Ana shu tashrif va mulokrtlar natijasida ikki davlat oʻrtasidagi munosabatlarning shartnomaviyhuqukiy asoslari yaratildi. Jumladan, Oʻzbekiston bilan Turkiya oʻrtasida „Abadiy doʻstlik va hamkorlik toʻgʻrisida“gi shartnoma hamda siyosiy, savdo-iqtisodiy, ilmiy-texnikaviy, harbiy va harbiytexnikaviy aloqalar, terrorizm va narkotik moddalar savdosiga qarshi kurash, huquqiy yordam, sogʻliqni saqlash, transport, sayyoxlik, madaniyat va boshqa sohalarda 78 hujjat imzolandi. </p><p>Oʻzbekiston Prezidenti Islom Karimovning 2000-yil sentabrda Turkiya Prezidenti A. Sezer bilan BMTning „Ming yillik“ sammiti doirasidagi uchrashuvi ikki tomonlama aloqalarda muhim ahamiyat kasb etdi. 2003-yilda Turkiya Bosh vaziri Rajab Tayyip Erdoʻgʻon Oʻzbekistonga keldi. Tashrif davomida yana bir qancha hujjat imzolandi. Jumladan, xalqaro terrorizmga qarshi kurash sohasida hamkorlik va diplomatik pasport egalari uchun vizalarni bekor qilish haqida hukumatlararo bitim tuzildi. Oʻzaro aloqalar xalqaro tashkilotlar doirasida ikki davlatning parlamentlari va vazirliklari oʻrtasida ham davom etdi. Savdoiqtisodiy hamkorlik sarmoyalarni oʻzaro ragʻbatlantirish va himoyalash, ikki tomonlama soliq solishga yoʻl qoʻymaslik toʻgʻrisidagi bitimlar bilan muvofikdashtirildi. Ikki tomon oʻrtasida bojxona toʻlovlariga nisbatan eng koʻp kulaylik berish tartibi kuchga kirishi tufayli 2002-yil Oʻzbekiston bilan Turkiya oʻrtasidagi tovar aylanmasi 1,7 % oʻsib, 190,48 mln. AQSH dollarini tashkil qilgan boʻlsa, 2003-yilda 2002-yilga nisbatan 41,3 % oshdi, umuman Oʻzbekistonning tashki savdo tovar aylanmasida Turkiyaning ulushi 4 % ni tashkil etadi. Turkiya Oʻzbekistondan rangli metall va undan tayyorlangan buyumlar, ip gazlama, trikotaj mato, paxta tolasi, oziq-ovqat (meva va yongʻoq) oladi va Oʻzbekistonga mexanik uskunalar, yer osti transport vositalari, optik jihoz va uskunalar, mebel, elektr asboblar, plastmassa buyumlari, kimyoviy mahsulot, gilam va boshqa yuboradi. Ayni paytda umumiy kiymati salkam 1 mlrd. AQSH dollariga teng boʻlgan (bu mablagʻning yarmini T. Eksimbanki bergan) 16 loyihani birgalikda amalga oshirishga kirishildi. Chunonchi jun yigirish, mayin jun matolar va shu kabilarni ishlab chiqarish.ga ixtisoslashgan „KosonsoyTekmen“ qoʻshma korxonasini barpo etish (loyiha qiymati 76 mln. AQSH dollari), Xorazm viloyatida trolleybus liniyasini qurish (loyiha qiymati 7,7 mln. AQSH dollari), shakar zdini qurish (loyiha qiymati 82,2 mln. AKTJJ dollari) kabi loyiqalar shular jumlasiga kiradi. Oʻzbekistondagi bir qancha mehmonxonalarni qayta qurish va taʼmirlashda Turkiyaning „AySel“, „Ulus inshaat“, „Oʻqan xolding“, „Emesam“ firmalari ishtirok etdi. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida Turkiya sarmoyasi ishtirokidagi 351 qoʻshma korxona bor, ulardan 71 tasi 100 % turk sarmoyasi bilan tashkil etilgan korxonadir. Qoʻshma korxonalar orasida „SamKochavto“ (avtobus va oʻrta hajmdagi yuk mashinalari ishlab chiqarish.), „Papfen“ (paxta tolasidan ip yigirish), „Koxis“ (savdovositachilik faoliyati, „MetroMarket“ supermarketa), „SharqMir LTD“ (chakana savdo), „Mejik Plast“ (plastik oyna romlari ishlab chiqarish.), yakka tartibdagi korxonalar orasida esa „Beta Algoritm“ (choy qadoklash), „Dilek Interprayzis“, „Aylin gida sanai va anonim shirkati“ (ikkovi qandolatchilik mahsulotlari ishlab chiqarish.) eng yiriklari hisoblanadi. Hamkorlikda tashkil etilgan korxonalarning 70 % ga yaqini respublika ichki bozorida savdovositachilik faoliyatini olib boradi, xalq isteʼmol mollari ishlab chiqarish hamda texnik maqsadga moʻljallangan mahsulotlarni Oʻzbekistonga kiritish va sotish bilan shugʻullanadi. 25 % dan ziyod korxonalar esa toʻqimachilik va koʻnchilik, oziq-ovqat sanoati, qurilish mollari va boshqa soxalarda ishlab chiqarish. faoliyatini amalga oshiradi. Korxonalarning qolgan qismi xizmat koʻrsatish bilan shugʻullanadi. Turkiyada oʻzbek sarmoyasi ishtirokida 2 korxona faoliyat koʻrsatadi. </p><p>Qishloq va suv xoʻjaligi sohasidagi hamkorlik ham samaralidir. Chunonchi, xorijlik hamkorlar bilan birgalikda Orol dengizining qurigan Femida oʻrmonchilikni tashkil etish va kengaytirish boʻyicha amalga oshirilayotgan loyihada turk tomoni ham oʻzining ishtirok etishini bildirdi. Mazkur loyihani amalga oshirishga hissa qoʻshish uchun Turkiya 2 dona MB Trac 1100 Mersedes traktori va boshqa texnik jihozlar ajratdi. Madaniygumanitar sohadagi hamkorlik Oʻzbekiston va Turkiya oʻrtasida madaniyat, taʼlim, sogʻliqni saqlash, sport va turizm sohalaridagi hamkorlik toʻgʻrisidagi bitim (1991-yil 19 dekabr), madaniy aloqalar toʻgʻrisida hamkorlik bitimi (1993-yil 22-iyul), ilmiy-texnikaviy hamkorlik toʻgʻrisida bitim (1995-yil 9-iyul) asosida rivojlanib bormoqda. </p><p>1993-yil Turkiyada Oʻzbekiston madaniyat kunlari oʻtkaziddi va unda respublikamizning 60 nafar madaniyat va sanʼat vakillari ishtirok etdi. 1994-yil oktabrda 48 kishidan iborat turkiyalik sanʼatkorlar guruxi „Turk dunyosi madaniyati va shodligi kunlari“ doirasida Oʻzbekistonga tashrif buyurib, Toshkent va Samarqand shahrilarida konsertlar berdi. Oʻzbekiston davlat konservatoriyasi bilan Anqaradagi Bilkent universiteti oʻrtasida malaka oshirish, tajriba va mutaxassislar almashish, qoʻshma konsertlar tashkil etish borasida oʻzaro hamkorlik oʻrnatilgan. Samarqandda oʻtkazilayottan „Sharq taronalari“ xalqaro musiqa festivalida turkiyalik sanʼat ustalari ham muntazam qatnashib kelmoqdalar. Oʻzbekistonda „Uzbekistan— Turkiya“ doʻstlik jamiyati bu sohadagi ishlarga samarali hissa qoʻshmoqda. </p><p>Fan va texnika sohasida Oʻzbekiston Fan va texnologiyalar markazi bilan Turkiyaning fan va texnik tadqiqotlar kengashi oʻrtasidagi ikki tomonlama aloqalar muvaffaqiyatli rivojlanmoqda. Keyingi yillarda oʻzbekistonlik olimlar yadro fizikasi, biologiya, ekologiya, qishloq xoʻjaligi. kabi sohalarda Turkiya ilmiy markazlari tomonidan oʻtkaziladigan konferensiya va simpoziumlarda muntazam ishtirok etib kelishmoqda. </p><p>Boboxon Muhammad Sharif. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Gallery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Gallery"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Diyarbakir_P1050751_20080427135832.JPG/120px-Diyarbakir_P1050751_20080427135832.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Diyarbakir_P1050751_20080427135832.JPG/250px-Diyarbakir_P1050751_20080427135832.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manbalar">Manbalar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Manbalar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Manbalar"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3605845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table id="toc" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png/100px-BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png/150px-BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png/200px-BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></th> <th align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkiya Davlat Bayrog`i"><img alt="Turkiya Davlat Bayrog`i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/70px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/105px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/140px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman_(viloyat)" title="Adıyaman (viloyat)">Adıyaman</a> | <a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar_(viloyat)" title="Afyonkarahisar (viloyat)">Afyonkarahisar</a> | <a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_(viloyat)" title="Ağrı (viloyat)">Ağrı</a> | <a href="/wiki/Aksaray_(viloyat)" title="Aksaray (viloyat)">Aksaray</a> | <a href="/wiki/Amasya_(viloyat)" title="Amasya (viloyat)">Amasya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ankara_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara (viloyat)">Ankara</a> | <a href="/wiki/Antalya_(viloyat)" title="Antalya (viloyat)">Antalya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ardahan_(viloyat)" title="Ardahan (viloyat)">Ardahan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Artvin_(viloyat)" title="Artvin (viloyat)">Artvin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_(viloyat)" title="Aydın (viloyat)">Aydın</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_(viloyat)" title="Balıkesir (viloyat)">Balıkesir</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bart%C4%B1n_(viloyat)" title="Bartın (viloyat)">Bartın</a> | <a href="/wiki/Batman_(viloyat)" title="Batman (viloyat)">Batman</a>| <a href="/wiki/Bayburt_(viloyat)" title="Bayburt (viloyat)">Bayburt</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bilecik_(viloyat)" title="Bilecik (viloyat)">Bilecik</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_(viloyat)" title="Bingöl (viloyat)">Bingöl</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bitlis_(viloyat)" title="Bitlis (viloyat)">Bitlis</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bolu_(viloyat)" title="Bolu (viloyat)">Bolu</a> | <a href="/wiki/Burdur_(viloyat)" title="Burdur (viloyat)">Burdur</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bursa_(viloyat)" title="Bursa (viloyat)">Bursa</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_(viloyat)" title="Çanakkale (viloyat)">Çanakkale</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1_(viloyat)" title="Çankırı (viloyat)">Çankırı</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%87orum_(viloyat)" title="Çorum (viloyat)">Çorum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Denizli_(viloyat)" title="Denizli (viloyat)">Denizli</a> | <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_(viloyat)" title="Diyarbakır (viloyat)">Diyarbakır</a> | <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzce_(viloyat)" title="Düzce (viloyat)">Düzce</a>| <a href="/wiki/Edirne_(viloyat)" title="Edirne (viloyat)">Edirne</a> | <a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_(viloyat)" title="Elazığ (viloyat)">Elazığ</a> | <a href="/wiki/Erzincan_(viloyat)" title="Erzincan (viloyat)">Erzincan</a> | <a href="/wiki/Erzurum_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzurum (viloyat)">Erzurum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskişehir (viloyat)">Eskişehir</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep_(viloyat)" title="Gaziantep (viloyat)">Gaziantep</a> | <a href="/wiki/Giresun_(viloyat)" title="Giresun (viloyat)">Giresun</a> | <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_(viloyat)" title="Gümüşhane (viloyat)">Gümüşhane</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hakkari_(viloyat)" title="Hakkari (viloyat)">Hakkari</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hatay_(viloyat)" title="Hatay (viloyat)">Hatay</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r_(viloyat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iğdır (viloyat) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Iğdır</a> | <a href="/wiki/Isparta_(viloyat)" title="Isparta (viloyat)">Isparta</a> | <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_(viloyati)" title="Istanbul (viloyati)">Istanbul</a> | <a href="/wiki/Izmir_(viloyati)" title="Izmir (viloyati)">Izmir</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F_(viloyat)" title="Kahramanmaraş (viloyat)">Kahramanmaraş</a> | <a href="/wiki/Karab%C3%BCk_(viloyat)" title="Karabük (viloyat)">Karabük</a> | <a href="/wiki/Karaman_(viloyat)" title="Karaman (viloyat)">Karaman</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kars_(viloyat)" title="Kars (viloyat)">Kars</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_(viloyat)" title="Kastamonu (viloyat)">Kastamonu</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kayseri_(viloyat)" title="Kayseri (viloyat)">Kayseri</a> | <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale_(viloyat)" title="Kırıkkale (viloyat)">Kırıkkale</a> | <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli_(viloyat)" title="Kırklareli (viloyat)">Kırklareli</a> | <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir_(viloyat)" title="Kırşehir (viloyat)">Kırşehir</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kilis_(viloyat)" title="Kilis (viloyat)">Kilis</a> | <a href="/wiki/Kocaeli" title="Kocaeli">Kocaeli</a> | <a href="/wiki/Konya_(viloyat)" title="Konya (viloyat)">Konya</a> | <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya_(viloyat)" title="Kütahya (viloyat)">Kütahya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Malatya_(viloyat)" title="Malatya (viloyat)">Malatya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Manisa_(viloyat)" title="Manisa (viloyat)">Manisa</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mardin_(viloyat)" title="Mardin (viloyat)">Mardin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mersin_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersin (viloyat)">Mersin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_(viloyat)" title="Muğla (viloyat)">Muğla</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F_(viloyat)" title="Muş (viloyat)">Muş</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nev%C5%9Fehir_(viloyat)" title="Nevşehir (viloyat)">Nevşehir</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_(viloyat)" title="Niğde (viloyat)">Niğde</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ordu_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordu (viloyat)">Ordu</a> | <a href="/wiki/Osmaniye_(viloyat)" title="Osmaniye (viloyat)">Osmaniye</a> | <a href="/wiki/Rize_(viloyat)" title="Rize (viloyat)">Rize</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sakarya" title="Sakarya">Sakarya</a> | <a href="/wiki/Samsun_(viloyat)" title="Samsun (viloyat)">Samsun</a> | <a href="/wiki/Siirt_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siirt (viloyat)">Siirt</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinop_(viloyat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinop (viloyat) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Sinop</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sivas_(viloyat)" title="Sivas (viloyat)">Sivas</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_(viloyat)" title="Şırnak (viloyat)">Şırnak</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekirda%C4%9F_(viloyat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekirdağ (viloyat) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Tekirdağ</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tokat_(viloyat)" title="Tokat (viloyat)">Tokat</a> | <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_(viloyat)" title="Trabzon (viloyat)">Trabzon</a> | <a href="/wiki/Tunceli_(viloyat)" title="Tunceli (viloyat)">Tunceli</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_(viloyat)" title="Şanlıurfa (viloyat)">Şanlıurfa</a> | <a href="/wiki/U%C5%9Fak_(viloyat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uşak (viloyat)">Uşak</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_(viloyat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van (viloyat) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Van</a> | <a href="/wiki/Yalova_(viloyat)" title="Yalova (viloyat)">Yalova</a> | <a href="/wiki/Yozgat_(viloyat)" title="Yozgat (viloyat)">Yozgat</a> | <a href="/wiki/Zonguldak_(viloyat)" title="Zonguldak (viloyat)">Zonguldak</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4048111">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Andoza:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/wiki/Andoza_munozarasi:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Andoza munozarasi:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Osiyo davlatlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Osiyo_davlatlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyo</a> <a href="/wiki/Osiyo_davlatlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Osiyo davlatlari roʻyxati">davlatlari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afg%CA%BBoniston" title="Afgʻoniston">Afgʻoniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armaniston" title="Armaniston">Armaniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Arab_Amirliklari" title="Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari">Birlashgan Arab Amirliklari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruney" title="Bruney">Bruney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eron" title="Eron">Eron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjiston" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjiston">Gurjiston</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston">Hindiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoneziya" title="Indoneziya">Indoneziya</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iordaniya" title="Iordaniya">Iordaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroq" title="Iroq">Iroq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isroil" title="Isroil">Isroil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreya_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Respublikasi">Janubiy Koreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreya_Xalq_Demokratik_Respublikasi" title="Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi">Shimoliy Koreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livan" title="Livan">Livan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya">Malayziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldivalar">Maldivalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr" title="Misr">Misr</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBuliston" class="mw-redirect" title="Moʻgʻuliston">Moʻgʻuliston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanma" title="Myanma">Myanma</a> * <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston" title="Oʻzbekiston">Oʻzbekiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokiston" title="Pokiston">Pokiston</a> * <a href="/wiki/Filippin" title="Filippin">Filippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibris_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibris Respublikasi">Qibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qirg%CA%BBiziston" title="Qirgʻiziston">Qirgʻiziston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quvayt" class="mw-redirect" title="Quvayt">Quvayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudiya_Arabistoni" title="Saudiya Arabistoni">Saudiya Arabistoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharqiy_Timor" title="Sharqiy Timor">Sharqiy Timor</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri-Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri-Lanka">Shri-Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya">Suriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailand" title="Tailand">Tailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojikiston" title="Tojikiston">Tojikiston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmaniston" title="Turkmaniston">Turkmaniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummon_Sultonligi" title="Ummon Sultonligi">Ummon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam">Vyetnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Respublikasi" title="Xitoy Respublikasi">Xitoy Respublikasi</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Xalq_Respublikasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi">Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropada</a>.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Xitoy_Respublikasi" title="Xitoy Respublikasi">Xitoy Respublikasi (Tayvan)</a> <a href="/wiki/BMT" class="mw-redirect" title="BMT">BMT</a> tomonidan tan olinmagan.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">3</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikada</a>.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">4</sup> Qisman <a href="/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya">Okeaniyada</a>.</li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/20px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Osiyo" title="Turkum:Osiyo">Turkum</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yevropa_davlatlari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Yevropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoza:Yevropa"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:Yevropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:Yevropa (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Yevropa" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Yevropa"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yevropa_davlatlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa">Yevropa</a> <a href="/wiki/Yevropa_davlatlari_ro%CA%BByxati" title="Yevropa davlatlari roʻyxati">davlatlari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albaniya" title="Albaniya">Albaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armaniston" title="Armaniston">Armaniston</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avstriya" title="Avstriya">Avstriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgiya" title="Belgiya">Belgiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlashgan_Qirollik" title="Birlashgan Qirollik">Birlashgan Qirollik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya">Bolgariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniya_va_Gersegovina" title="Bosniya va Gersegovina">Bosniya va Gersegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernogoriya" title="Chernogoriya">Chernogoriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya">Chexiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniya" title="Daniya">Daniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoniya" title="Estoniya">Estoniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlyandiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Finlyandiya">Finlyandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya">Fransiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaniya" title="Germaniya">Germaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretsiya" title="Gretsiya">Gretsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruziya" title="Gruziya">Gruziya</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlandiya" title="Irlandiya">Irlandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya">Islandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya">Ispaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya">Italiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipr_Respublikasi" title="Kipr Respublikasi">Kipr</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latviya" title="Latviya">Latviya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixtenshteyn" title="Lixtenshteyn">Lixtenshteyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuksemburg" title="Lyuksemburg">Lyuksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niderlandiya" title="Niderlandiya">Niderlandiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norvegiya" title="Norvegiya">Norvegiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozarbayjon" title="Ozarbayjon">Ozarbayjon</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polsha" title="Polsha">Polsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugaliya" title="Portugaliya">Portugaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston">Qozogʻiston</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossiya" title="Rossiya">Rossiya</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruminiya" title="Ruminiya">Ruminiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San-Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="San-Marino">San-Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya">Serbiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoliy_Makedoniya" title="Shimoliy Makedoniya">Shimoliy Makedoniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetsiya" title="Shvetsiya">Shvetsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shveysariya" title="Shveysariya">Shveysariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakiya" title="Slovakiya">Slovakiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloveniya" title="Sloveniya">Sloveniya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkiya</a><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengriya" title="Vengriya">Vengriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xorvatiya" title="Xorvatiya">Xorvatiya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yevropa" title="Yevropa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">1</sup> Bir qismi <a href="/wiki/Osiyo" title="Osiyo">Osiyoda</a>.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">2</sup> Butunlay Osiyoda, biroq ittifoq va siyosiy tomonidan Yevropaga aloqador.</li><li><sup style="font-size: 70%">3</sup> Shimoliy Qibrisni faqat <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkiya</a> taniydi.</li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/20px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Yevropa" title="Turkum:Yevropa">Turkum</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;25px&#124;Turkiya_bayrogʻi_Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" title="Andoza:Turkiya Bosh vazirlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/wiki/Andoza_munozarasi:Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" title="Andoza munozarasi:Turkiya Bosh vazirlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:Turkiya Bosh vazirlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;25px&#124;Turkiya_bayrogʻi_Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkiya bayrogʻi"><img alt="Turkiya bayrogʻi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/25px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/38px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/50px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkiya</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkiya_Bosh_vaziri" title="Turkiya Bosh vaziri">Bosh vazirlari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fevzi_%C3%87akmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fevzi Çakmak (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fevzi Çakmak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rauf_Orbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rauf Orbay (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Rauf Orbay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fethi_Okyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fethi Okyar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fethi_Okyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fethi Okyar (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Fethi Okyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celâl Bayar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refik_Saydam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refik Saydam (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Refik Saydam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Şükrü Saracoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recep_Peker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recep Peker (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Recep Peker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eemsettin_G%C3%BCnaltay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şemsettin Günaltay (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Şemsettin Günaltay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adnan_Menderes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adnan Menderes (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Adnan Menderes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemal_G%C3%BCrsel" title="Cemal Gürsel">Cemal Gürsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suat_Hayri_%C3%9Crg%C3%BCpl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suat Hayri Ürgüplü (sahifa yaratilmagan)">Suat Hayri Ürgüplü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Erim" title="Nihat Erim">Nihat Erim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferit_Melen" title="Ferit Melen">Ferit Melen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Talu" title="Naim Talu">Naim Talu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Irmak" title="Sadi Irmak">Sadi Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qoʻshma Shtatlar">Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="G20_sammitlari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048093" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-koʻrish"><a href="/wiki/Andoza:G_20_sammitlari" title="Andoza:G 20 sammitlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani koʻrish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">k</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-munozara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andoza_munozarasi:G_20_sammitlari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andoza munozarasi:G 20 sammitlari (sahifa yaratilmagan)"><abbr title="Bu andozani muhokama qilish" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">m</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-tahrirlash"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:G_20_sammitlari" title="Maxsus:EditPage/Andoza:G 20 sammitlari"><abbr title="Bu andozani tahrirlash" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="G20_sammitlari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Katta_yigirmatalik" title="Katta yigirmatalik">G20</a> sammitlari</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashingtondagi_G-20_sammiti_(2008)" title="Vashingtondagi G-20 sammiti (2008)">2008 Vashington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londondagi_G-20_sammiti_(2009)" title="Londondagi G-20 sammiti (2009)">2009 London</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pittsburgdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2009)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pittsburgdagi G-20 sammiti (2009) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2009 Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torontodagi_G-20_sammiti_(2010)" title="Torontodagi G-20 sammiti (2010)">2010 Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuldagi_G-20_sammiti_(2010)" title="Seuldagi G-20 sammiti (2010)">2010 Seul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanndagi_G-20_sammiti_(2011)" title="Kanndagi G-20 sammiti (2011)">2011 Kann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los-Kabosdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2012)" title="Los-Kabosdagi G-20 sammiti (2012)">2012 Los Cabos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt-Peterburgdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2013)" title="Sankt-Peterburgdagi G-20 sammiti (2013)">2013 Sankt Peterburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbendagi_G-20_sammiti_(2014)" title="Brisbendagi G-20 sammiti (2014)">2014 Brisben</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anqaradagi_G-20_sammiti_(2015)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anqaradagi G-20 sammiti (2015) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2015 Anqara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanchjoudagi_G-20_sammiti_(2016)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanchjoudagi G-20 sammiti (2016) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2016 Xanchjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamburgdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2017)" title="Gamburgdagi G-20 sammiti (2017)">2017 Gamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buenos-Ayresdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2018)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buenos-Ayresdagi G-20 sammiti (2018) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2018 Buenos-Ayres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokyodagi_G-20_sammiti_(2019)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokyodagi G-20 sammiti (2019) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2019 Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar-Riyoddagi_G-20_sammiti_(2020)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ar-Riyoddagi G-20 sammiti (2020) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2020 Ar-Riyod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimdagi_G-20_sammiti_(2021)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimdagi G-20 sammiti (2021) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2021 Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balidagi_G-20_sammiti_(2022)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balidagi G-20 sammiti (2022) (sahifa yaratilmagan)">2022 Bali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:G20.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/G20.svg/120px-G20.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/G20.svg/250px-G20.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048111" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4048241" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Tashqi_havolalar_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43&#124;class=noprint&#124;Buni_Vikimaʼlumotlarda_tahrirlash" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yordam:Tashqi_havolalar" title="Yordam:Tashqi havolalar">Tashqi havolalar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43" title="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash"><img alt="Buni Vikimaʼlumotlarda tahrirlash" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="en:Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451272">XX451272</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="extiw" title="en:Bibliothèque nationale de France">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">cb118656641</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">(maʼlumot)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="en:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03795741?l=en">DA03795741</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061163-2">4061163-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="en:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003374">003374</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="extiw" title="en:International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000403699232">0000 0004 0369 9232</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KulturNav" class="extiw" title="en:KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/545a9593-d5b9-41a4-a95b-4dd696c47119">545a9593-d5b9-41a4-a95b-4dd696c47119</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="extiw" title="en:Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80070818">n80070818</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000040410&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000040410</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusicBrainz" class="extiw" title="en:MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d3be28b4-41f7-3752-8a05-ed45e1d1e492">d3be28b4-41f7-3752-8a05-ed45e1d1e492</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" class="extiw" title="en:National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035803">10035803</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="extiw" title="en:National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573331">00573331</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131143&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131143</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35558290">35558290</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000188757&local_base=nlx10">000188757</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="extiw" title="en:RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A006394266">02-A006394266</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" class="extiw" title="en:Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026402564">026402564</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/turkiye">turkiye</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244983681">244983681</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="extiw" title="en:WorldCat Identities">en:WorldCat Identities</a> (VIAF orqali): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/244983681">244983681</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""><pre>"<a dir="ltr" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&oldid=5394681">https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkiya&oldid=5394681</a>" dan olindi </pre></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maxsus:Categories" title="Maxsus:Categories">Turkum</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Turkiya_viloyatlari" title="Turkum:Turkiya viloyatlari">Turkiya viloyatlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Osiyo_davlatlari" title="Turkum:Osiyo davlatlari">Osiyo davlatlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Turkiya_Bosh_vazirlari" title="Turkum:Turkiya Bosh vazirlari">Turkiya Bosh vazirlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:G20_sammitlari" title="Turkum:G20 sammitlari">G20 sammitlari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Turkiya" title="Turkum:Turkiya">Turkiya</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Yashirin turkum: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:Pages_using_duplicate_arguments_in_template_calls" title="Turkum:Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls">Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi_maqolalari" title="Turkum:Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:BNE_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:BNE identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">BNE identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:BnF_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:BnF identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">BnF identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:CINII_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:CINII identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">CINII identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:GND_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:GND identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">GND identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:HDS_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:HDS identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">HDS identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:ISNI_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:ISNI identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">ISNI identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:KULTURNAV_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:KULTURNAV identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">KULTURNAV identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:LCCN_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:LCCN identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">LCCN identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:LNB_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:LNB identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">LNB identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:MusicBrainz_area_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:MusicBrainz area identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">MusicBrainz area identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NARA_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NARA identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NARA identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NDL_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NDL identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NDL identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NKC_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NKC identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari">NKC identifikatorlari boʻyicha Vikipediya maqolalari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkum:NLA_identifikatorlari_bo%CA%BByicha_Vikipediya_maqolalari" title="Turkum:NLA 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