CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Turkye - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"d4776b4c-76f4-447c-8839-3220ae97ed57","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Turkye","wgTitle":"Turkye","wgCurRevisionId":2740113,"wgRevisionId":2740113,"wgArticleId":19019,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["AS1-bronne in Turks (tr)","AS1-bronne in Duits (de)","AS1-bronne in Engels (en)","Pages using ISBN magic links","Artikels met teks in Turks","Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met CINII-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders","Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders","Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders","Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders","Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders","Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders","Artikels met TDVİA-identifiseerders","Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders","Normdata met 19 elemente","Turkye"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Turkye","wgRelevantArticleId":19019,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/800px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/640px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Turkye - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Turkye rootpage-Turkye skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hoofkieslys" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Turkye" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Turkye" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Turkye" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Turkye" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voor-Turkse_geskiedenis_van_Anatolië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voor-Turkse_geskiedenis_van_Anatolië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voor-Turkse geskiedenis van Anatolië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voor-Turkse_geskiedenis_van_Anatolië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Turke_en_die_Ottomaanse_Ryk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Turke_en_die_Ottomaanse_Ryk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Die Turke en die Ottomaanse Ryk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Turke_en_die_Ottomaanse_Ryk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Republikeinse_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Republikeinse_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Die Republikeinse Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Republikeinse_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regeringsvorm_en_politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regeringsvorm_en_politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regeringsvorm en politiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regeringsvorm_en_politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkye</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 332 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-332" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">332 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҭырқәтәыла – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭырқәтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Тыркуе – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуе" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Suid-Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Suid-Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ቱርክ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcland" title="Tyrcland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tyrcland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="توركيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুৰস্ক – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰস্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka" title="Turka – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99" title="Türkiyə – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakei" title="Tiakei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tork%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Torkėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Турцыя – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུར་ཀི། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུར་ཀི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ – Buginees" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Түрэг Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC" title="Tū-ī-gì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Туркойчоь – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83" title="ᎬᏃ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تورکیا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive/%E1%91%90%E1%95%92%E1%91%AD" title="Wikipedia:Archive/ᑐᕒᑭ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archive/ᑐᕒᑭ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABreck%C3%B4" title="Tëreckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tëreckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тѷрци – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѷрци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Southern Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Southern Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkiya" title="Tırkiya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojska" title="Turkojska – Nedersorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Dɔkɔ – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%AE" title="Turchî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turchî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkio" title="Turkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ترکیه – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrg%C3%BC" title="Türgü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türgü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taki" title="Taki – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Taki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaland" title="Turkaland – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تۊرکيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turyk%C3%ADa" title="Turykía – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Turykía" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કસ્તાન – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkee" title="Yn Turkee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyya" title="Turkiyya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC" title="Thú-ngí-khì – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleke" title="Kuleke – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="טורקיה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkowska" title="Turkowska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki" title="Tiki – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6korsz%C3%A1g" title="Törökország – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A9y" title="Turkéy – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Turkéy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Туркий мохк – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%91%E1%95%90%E1%91%AD" title="ᑑᕐᑭ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑑᕐᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="トルコ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerki" title="Toerki – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/turk" title="turk – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="turk" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tturk" title="Tturk – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tturk" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Тыркуей – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuurkii" title="Tuurkii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuurkii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya" title="Turukya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C4%A9" title="Takĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Takĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="តួកគី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тюркия – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюркия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تُرکی – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُرکی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Keuls" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Keuls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkei" title="Tierkei – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturuki" title="Buturuki – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buturuki" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Liguries" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrchia" title="Türchia – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Türchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%AD" title="Turkí – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turceja" title="Turceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Turceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkia" title="Torkia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81kei" title="Tākei – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="തുർക്കി – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कस्तान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Турция Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rkie" title="Törkie – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%A3%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Suid-Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="Suid-Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtchie" title="Turtchie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Turtchie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bich%CA%BCah_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtsii" title="Turtsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turtsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkii" title="Tarkii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ତୁର୍କୀ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତୁର୍କୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Nigeriese Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigeriese Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="तुर्किये – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्किये" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcja" title="Turcja – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تورکيه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tirchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Турція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Түүркүйэ – Jakoeties" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүркүйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoeties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ترڪي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durka" title="Durka – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuk%C3%AFi" title="Turukïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turukïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkya" title="Turkya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Turkya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="තුර්කිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Turčija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take" title="Take – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Take" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiga" title="Turkiga – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqia" title="Turqia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyakondre" title="Turkiyakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Turkiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThekhi" title="IThekhi – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A4i" title="Turkäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turkäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcyjo" title="Turcyjo – Silesies" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศตุรกี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ቱርኪ – Tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቱርኪ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tig mw-list-item"><a href="https://tig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%A8" title="ቱርኪየ – Tigre" lang="tig" hreflang="tig" data-title="ቱርኪየ" data-language-autonym="ትግሬ" data-language-local-name="Tigre" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግሬ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkiýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99" title="Tyrkijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toake" title="Toake – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toake" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiti" title="Turiti – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Turiti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Туреччина – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туреччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ترکیہ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanma" title="Turkanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeye" title="Turkeye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4n" title="Türkän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourkeye" title="Tourkeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourkeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITurkiya" title="ITurkiya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITurkiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טערקיי – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Joroeba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Joroeba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujwjgiz" title="Dujwjgiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dujwjgiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE" title="Thó͘-ní-kî – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITheki" title="ITheki – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Turkye" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkye"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkye"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Turkye" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Turkye" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&oldid=2740113" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Turkye&id=2740113&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkye"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkye"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turkye"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turkye&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Republiek Turkye<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2715140">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="font-size:88%;"><i lang="tr" title="Turks language text">Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turks</a>)</span></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkye"><img alt="Vlag van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/125px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/188px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/250px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Embleem van Turkye"><img alt="Embleem van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Turkye" title="Vlag van Turkye">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Embleem_van_Turkye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embleem van Turkye (bladsy bestaan nie)">Embleem</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: <br /><i>Egemenlik, kayıtsız şartsız Milletindir</i><sup id="cite_ref-motto_of_Turkey_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small><i>(Turks vir: "Soewereiniteit behoort onvoorwaardelik aan die nasie")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: <i>İstiklâl Marşı</i><br /><small><i>(Turks vir: "Onafhanklikheidsmars")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="77" data-mwtitle="Istiklâl_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Istikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Istikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg/Istikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=az&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="az" label="azərbaycanca ‪(az)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh-mo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-MO" label="中文（澳門） ‪(zh-mo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe-Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Turkye"><img alt="Ligging van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Europe-Turkey.svg/250px-Europe-Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Europe-Turkey.svg/375px-Europe-Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Europe-Turkey.svg/500px-Europe-Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turkye&language=af&params=39_55_N_32_50_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">39°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°50′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">39.917°N 32.833°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.917; 32.833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel">Istanboel</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2670708" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turkye&language=af&params=41_1_N_28_57_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">41°1′N</span> <span class="longitude">28°57′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">41.017°N 28.950°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.017; 28.950</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;"><br />• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• Adjunkpresident</div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre presidensiële<br />grondwetlike <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuat_Oktay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuat Oktay (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fuat Oktay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">Opvolging<br />• Ankara-regering<br />• Verdrag van Lausanne<br />• Republiek<br />• Huidige grondwet</div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><br />van die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a><br /><a href="/wiki/23_April" title="23 April">23 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a><br /><a href="/wiki/24_Julie" title="24 Julie">24 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a><br /><a href="/wiki/29_Oktober" title="29 Oktober">29 Oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a><br /><a href="/wiki/7_November" title="7 November">7 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 814 578<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">37<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />302 535 myl<sup>2</sup><br />1,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2016-skatting<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />79 463 663<sup id="cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">18<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />102<sup id="cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">107<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />262 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$1 665 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-WEO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">17<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />$21 198<sup id="cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-WEO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(63<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$861 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-WEO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">17<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />$11 014<sup id="cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-WEO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(67<sup>ste</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,838<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">48<sup>ste</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#090">baie hoog</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>) </td> <td>41,9<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Turkse_lira" title="Turkse lira">Lira</a> (₺) (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">TRY</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>FET (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">+3</a>)<br />nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">+3</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+90 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turkye</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turks</a>: <i>Türkiye</i> [ˈtyɾcije]), amptelik bekend as die <b>Republiek van Turkye</b> (<i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i> [ˈtyɾcije d͡ʒumˈhuɾijeti] <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Tur-T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti.ogg" class="internal" title="Tur-Türkiye Cumhuriyeti.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tur-T%C3%BCrkiye_Cumhuriyeti.ogg" title="Lêer:Tur-Türkiye Cumhuriyeti.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>), is 'n land in <a href="/wiki/Eurasi%C3%AB" title="Eurasië">Eurasië</a> wat strek oor die <a href="/wiki/Anatoli%C3%AB" title="Anatolië">Anatoliese Skiereiland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wes-Asi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Asië">Wes-Asië</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkangebied</a> van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Europa" title="Suid-Europa">Suid-Europa</a>. Turkye grens aan agt lande: <a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a> in die noordweste, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> in die weste, <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a> in die noordooste, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Nachitsjewan" title="Nachitsjewan">Nachitsjewan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Eksklawe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksklawe">eksklawe</a> van <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a> in die ooste en <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> en <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> in die suidooste. Die land grens aan die <a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> in die noorde, die <a href="/wiki/Ege%C3%AFese_See" title="Egeïese See">Egeïese See</a> in die weste en die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> in die suide. Turkye bevat ook die <a href="/wiki/See_van_Marmara" title="See van Marmara">See van Marmara</a>, wat gewoonlik deur aardrykskundiges as die grens tussen <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> beskou word, wat beteken dat Turkye 'n <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">transkontinentale land</a> is. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Anatolia_composite_NASA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatolia_composite_NASA.png/250px-Anatolia_composite_NASA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatolia_composite_NASA.png/330px-Anatolia_composite_NASA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatolia_composite_NASA.png/500px-Anatolia_composite_NASA.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Turkye</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Turkey_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Turkey_topo.jpg/220px-Turkey_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Turkey_topo.jpg/330px-Turkey_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Turkey_topo.jpg/440px-Turkey_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Topografiese kaart van Turkye</figcaption></figure> <p>Die streek waaruit die moderne Turkye vandag bestaan, was die geboorteplek van baie beskawings insluitende die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armeense_Ryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armeense Ryk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Armeense</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse</a>-, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seldjoek-dinastie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seldjoek-dinastie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Seldjoek</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>. Vanweë sy strategiese ligging op die grens van twee kontinente, is die Turkse kultuur 'n unieke vermenging van die Oosterse en Westerse kulture en word ook dikwels na die land verwys as die brug tussen die twee beskawings. </p><p>Turkye is 'n <a href="/wiki/Demokrasie" title="Demokrasie">demokratiese</a>, sekulêre eenheidstaat met 'n republikeinse grondwet. Die huidige politieke bestel van Turkye is in 1923 gevestig onder leierskap van <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> ná die val van die Ottomaanse Ryk in die nadraai van die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a>. </p><p>Sedertdien het Turkye toenemend met die Weste geïntegreer, alhoewel die land steeds betrekkinge met die Oosterse wêreld in stand hou. Turkye is een van die stigterslede van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="/wiki/Organisasie_van_Islamitiese_Samewerking" title="Organisasie van Islamitiese Samewerking">Organisasie van Islamitiese Samewerking</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="/wiki/OESO" title="OESO">Organisasie vir Ekonomiese Samewerking en Ontwikkeling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asook die <a href="/wiki/OVSE" title="OVSE">Organisasie vir Veiligheid en Samewerking in Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkye is ook sedert 1949 'n lid van die Europese Raad<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en sedert 1952 'n lid van <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verder is die land sedert 2005 betrokke by onderhandelinge met die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> om aan te sluit en is al sedert 1963 'n medelid van die EU.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkye is ook 'n lid van die G20-nywerheidslande wat die 20 grootste ekonomieë van die wêreld byeenbring. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voor-Turkse_geskiedenis_van_Anatolië"><span id="Voor-Turkse_geskiedenis_van_Anatoli.C3.AB"></span>Voor-Turkse geskiedenis van Anatolië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Voor-Turkse geskiedenis van Anatolië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Voor-Turkse geskiedenis van Anatolië"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Walls_of_Troy_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/250px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/330px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/500px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Gedeeltes van die legendariese mure van <a href="/wiki/Troje" title="Troje">Troje</a>, wat geïdentifiseer is as die plek waar die <a href="/wiki/Trojaanse_Oorlog" title="Trojaanse Oorlog">Trojaanse Oorlog</a> plaasgevind het (circa 1200 v.C.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Anatoliese Skiereiland (ook bekend as <a href="/wiki/Klein-Asi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Klein-Asië">Klein-Asië</a>), wat die grootste deel van Turkye insluit, is een van die oudste bewoonde gebiede ter wêreld vanweë sy ligging tussen Asië en Europa. Die vroegste Neolitiese nedersettings soos Çatalhöyük, Çayönü, Nevali Cori, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a> en Mersin word as van die vroegste menslike nedersettings ter wêreld beskou.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die bewoning van <a href="/wiki/Troje" title="Troje">Troje</a> het tydens die Neolitiese tydperk begin en tot in die <a href="/wiki/Ystertydperk" title="Ystertydperk">Ystertydperk</a> voortgeduur. </p><p>Die eerste betekenisvolle ryk in die gebied was dié van die <a href="/wiki/Hetiete" title="Hetiete">Hetiete</a>, vanaf die 18de tot die 13de eeu v.C. Daarna het die <a href="/wiki/Frigi%C3%AB" title="Frigië">Frigiërs</a>, 'n Indo-Europese volk, opgang gemaak totdat hulle koninkryk in die 7de eeu v.C. deur die Simeriërs vernietig is.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die magtigste van Frigië se opvolgerstate was Lidië, <a href="/wiki/Kari%C3%AB" title="Karië">Karië</a> en Licië. Die Lidiërs en Liciërs het basies <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europese tale</a> gepraat, maar albei tale het elemente bevat wat nie Indo-Europees was nie en was die gevolg van invloede wat die Hetitiese en Griekse tydperk voorafgegaan het. </p><p>Die weste van Anatolië het later bekend gestaan as <a href="/wiki/Ioni%C3%AB" title="Ionië">Ionië</a> en is beset deur die Ioniërs, een van die <a href="/wiki/Antieke_Griekeland" title="Antieke Griekeland">antieke Griekse</a> volke. Die gebied is tydens die 6de en die 5de eeu v.C. in sy geheel deur die Persiese Achaeminiede Ryk verower en is later, in 334 v.C., deur <a href="/wiki/Alexander_die_Grote" title="Alexander die Grote">Alexander die Grote</a> verower.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anatolië is toe later verdeel in 'n aantal Griekse koninkryke (insluitende Bithinië, <a href="/wiki/Kappadosi%C3%AB" title="Kappadosië">Kappadosië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pontos" title="Pontos">Pontos</a>), waarvan almal teen die middel van die eerste eeu v.C. voor die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> geswig het.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 324 n.C. het die Romeinse keiser <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_die_Grote" title="Konstantyn die Grote">Konstantyn die Grote</a> <a href="/wiki/Bisantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisantium">Bisantium</a> as die nuwe hoofstad van die Romeinse Ryk gekies en dit herdoop tot <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a> (nou <a href="/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel">Istanboel</a>). Ná die val van die <a href="/wiki/Wes-Romeinse_Ryk" title="Wes-Romeinse Ryk">Wes-Romeinse Ryk</a> het dit die hoofstad van die Oostelike Romeinse of Bisantynse Ryk geword.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Turke_en_die_Ottomaanse_Ryk">Die Turke en die Ottomaanse Ryk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Turke en die Ottomaanse Ryk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Die Turke en die Ottomaanse Ryk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/250px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/330px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/500px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Die Ottomaanse Ryk op sy hoogtepunt (ca. 1680)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <i>Huis van Seldjoek</i> was 'n vertakking van die <i>Kinik</i> Oğuz Turke wat in die 9de eeu aan die rand van die Moslemwêreld gewoon het, net noord van die <a href="/wiki/Kaspiese_See" title="Kaspiese See">Kaspiese See</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aralmeer" title="Aralmeer">Aralmeer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In die 10de eeu het die Seldjoeke uit die gebied van hulle voorvaders gemigreer na die oostelike Anataliese gebiede waar baie Oğuz-Turkse stamme hulle aan die einde van die eerste millennium gevestig het. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Blaue_moschee_6minarette.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Blaue_moschee_6minarette.jpg/250px-Blaue_moschee_6minarette.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Blaue_moschee_6minarette.jpg/500px-Blaue_moschee_6minarette.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmed-moskee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ahmed-moskee">Sultan Ahmed-moskee</a> (Blou Moskee) is een van die beroemdste nalatenskappe van die Ottomaanse Ryk.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ná hulle oorwinning oor die Bisantynse Ryk tydens die Slag van Manzikert in 1071 het die <a href="/wiki/Turke" title="Turke">Turke</a> begin om nomadiese gewoontes te laat vaar ten gunste van 'n meer permanente rol in Anatolië, wat gelei het tot die ontstaan van die Seldjoekse Ryk.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierdie ryk het egter nie lank bestaan nie en is deur die <a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_Ryk" title="Mongoolse Ryk">Mongole</a> verslaan. Hul mag het stadig maar seker ineengestort. Een van die koninkryke wat deur <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a> geregeer is, het die leemte gevul en het stadig ontwikkel en aanleiding gegee tot die ontstaan van die Ottomaanse Ryk.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Ottomaanse Ryk het regdeur sy 623-jarige geskiedenis met beide die Oosterse en die Westerse beskawing kontak gehad. In die 16de en 17de eeu was dit een van die wêreld se magtigste moondhede en het dit dikwels slaags geraak met die moondhede van <a href="/wiki/Oos-Europa" title="Oos-Europa">Oos-Europa</a> tydens sy bestendige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspansionisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspansionisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">uitbreiding</a> deur die <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> en die suidelike deel van die <a href="/wiki/Pools-Litause_Gemenebes" title="Pools-Litause Gemenebes">Pools-Litause Gemenebes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ná die agteruitgang van die ryk het die Ottomaanse Ryk hom in die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> begewe deur sy alliansie met die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a> in 1914 en is uiteindelik verslaan. Ná die oorlog het die <a href="/wiki/Geallieerdes_van_die_Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Geallieerdes van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Geallieerde oorwinnaars</a> die verdeling van die Ottomaanse Ryk met die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_S%C3%A8vres" title="Verdrag van Sèvres">Verdrag van Sèvres</a> geëis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_Republikeinse_Era">Die Republikeinse Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Republikeinse Era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Die Republikeinse Era"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/170px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/255px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png/340px-Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, stigter en eerste president van die Republiek van Turkye.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die besetting van Istanboel en <a href="/wiki/Izmir" title="Izmir">Izmir</a> deur die Geallieerdes ná die Eerste Wêreldoorlog het daartoe gelei dat die Turkse nasionale beweging gestig is. Onder die leierskap van <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> Pasha, 'n militêre bevelvoerder wat homself onderskei het tydens die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Gallipoli" title="Slag van Gallipoli">Slag van Gallipoli</a>, is 'n onafhanklikheidsoorlog gevoer met die doel om die bepalings van die Verdrag van Sèvres ongedaan te maak.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teen 18 September 1922 is die besettende magte verdryf en is die nuwe staat genaamd Turkye gebore. Op 1 November het die nuutgestigte nasionale vergadering die sultanaat amptelik ontbind en daarmee die 623 jaar oue Ottomaanse heerskappy beëindig. Die Verdrag van Lausanne van 1923 het gelei tot internasionale erkenning van die onafhanklikheid en soewereiniteit van die <i>Republiek van Turkye</i> as opvolger van die Ottomaanse Ryk en op 29 Oktober 1923 is die republiek amptelik geproklameer in die nuwe hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. </p><p>Kemal Pasha het die republiek se eerste president geword en baie radikale hervormings ingestel met die doel om 'n nuwe sekulêre republiek tot stand te bring. In 1934 is hy deur die Turkse parlement vereer met die naam "Atatürk" (<i>Vader van die Turke</i>). </p><p>Turkye het op 23 Februarie 1945 aan die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> begin deelneem aan die kant van die <a href="/wiki/Geallieerdes_van_die_Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Geallieerdes van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Geallieerdes</a>, grootliks as 'n seremoniële gebaar. Dit het in 1945 'n lid van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a> geword. <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> se probleme ná die oorlog om 'n kommunistiese opstand te onderdruk, saam met eise deur die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> vir militêre basisse in die Turkse seestraat, het daartoe gelei dat die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State van Amerika</a> die veiligheid van Turkye en Griekeland gewaarborg het. Hulle het ook grootskaalse militêre en ekonomiese bystand verleen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ná sy deelname in die <a href="/wiki/Korea-oorlog" title="Korea-oorlog">Korea-oorlog</a> saam met die Verenigde Nasies het Turkye in 1952 by die Noord-Atlantiese Verdragsorganisasie (<a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a>) aangesluit en 'n bastion in die Middellandse Kom teen Sowjet-uitbreiding geword. </p><p>Ná 'n dekade van <a href="/wiki/Burgeroorlog" title="Burgeroorlog">burgeroorlog</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a> en die militêre staatsgreep wat deur <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a> ondersteun is, het Turkye in 1974 militêr ingegryp. Dit het gelei tot die stigting van die wegbreekrepubliek <a href="/wiki/Noord-Siprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a> wat slegs deur Turkye erken word.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nadat ’n tydperk van ’n eenpartystaat in Turkye in 1945 tot 'n einde gekom het, het Turkye baie interne spanning ervaar en was daar tussen die 1960's en die 1980's baie konflikte tussen linkse en regse partye wat gelei het tot 'n aantal militêre staatsgrepe. Die liberalisering van die Turkse ekonomie wat in die tagtigs begin het, het die land ingrypend verander. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regeringsvorm_en_politiek">Regeringsvorm en politiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Regeringsvorm en politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Regeringsvorm en politiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/250px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/330px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG/340px-Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, die huidige president van Turkye.</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkye het 'n parlementêre verteenwoordigende demokrasie. Sedert die stigting van die republiek in 1923 het die land 'n sterk sekulêre tradisie ontwikkel.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die grondwet bepaal die raamwerk van die land se regstelsel. Dit sit die hoofbeginsels van die regering uiteen en bepaal dat Turkye 'n eenheidstaat met 'n sentrale regering is. Die huidige grondwet is in 1982 deur 'n referendum bekragtig en is sedertdien verskeie kere gewysig. Die staatshoof is die president van die republiek en vervul grootliks 'n seremoniële rol. Hy word vir sewe jaar deur die parlement verkies, maar hoef nie noodwendig 'n lid van die parlement te wees nie. Die huidige president <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> is op 28 Augustus 2014 ingesweer nadat hy die eerste minister was. Hy is die eerste president van dié land, wat deur die bevolking en die Turkse diaspora direk verkies is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-motto_of_Turkey-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-motto_of_Turkey_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kultursanat/milli_egemenlik.htm">"Motto"</a> (in Turks). Gov.tr. 23 Februarie 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220305/https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kultursanat/milli_egemenlik.htm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Desember 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motto&rft.pub=Gov.tr&rft.date=2013-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbmm.gov.tr%2Fkultursanat%2Fmilli_egemenlik.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes_Uebersichtsseiten/Tuerkei_node.html">"Türkei"</a> (in Duits). November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014233715/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Aussenpolitik/Laender/Laenderinfos/01-Nodes_Uebersichtsseiten/Tuerkei_node.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Oktober 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrkei&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.auswaertiges-amt.de%2FDE%2FAussenpolitik%2FLaender%2FLaenderinfos%2F01-Nodes_Uebersichtsseiten%2FTuerkei_node.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Population_of_Turkey-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Population_of_Turkey_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=21507">"The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2015"</a> (in Engels). Turkish Statistical Institute. 28 Januarie 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808001312/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=21507">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 8 Augustus 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Januarie</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Results+of+Address+Based+Population+Registration+System%2C+2015&rft.pub=Turkish+Statistical+Institute&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuik.gov.tr%2FHbGetirHTML.do%3Fid%3D21507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF-WEO-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF-WEO_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=1980&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=44&pr1.y=16&c=186&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPSH%2CLUR%2CLP&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">IMF</a> World Economic Outlook Database, April 2016. 24 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft.pub=IMF+World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2016&rft.date=2016-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2016%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fsy%3D1980%26ey%3D2021%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D44%26pr1.y%3D16%26c%3D186%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%252CPPPSH%252CLUR%252CLP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Engels). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TR">"Gini index (World Bank estimate) – Turkey"</a>. World Bank. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+Turkey&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DTR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ATurkye" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Overview/growth.htm">Growth in United Nations membership (1945–2005)</a>, Datum afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm">OIC Membership</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010221113320/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/main/member-States.htm">Geargiveer</a> 21 Februarie 2001 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Datum afgetrek = 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/document/48/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1876912_1_1_1_1,00.html">OECD membership</a>, Datum afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/about/13131.html#T">OSCE Participating states</a>, Datum afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040223193431/http://www.coe.int/T/E/Com/About_Coe/Member_states/e_tu.asp#TopOfPage">Turkey and the Council of Europe</a>, Datum afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/multi/photos/1952/m520218a.htm">Greece and Turkey accede to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation</a>, Datum afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm">Chronology of Turkey-EU relations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515022203/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm">Geargiveer</a> 15 Mei 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Laaste afgetrek 30 Oktober 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canew.org/files/Thissen%20lecture.pdf">Time trajectories for the Neolithic of Central Anatolia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070605005726/http://www.canew.org/files/Thissen%20lecture.pdf">Geargiveer</a> 5 Junie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, laaste afgetrek 21 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/waa/ht03waa.htm">Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 2000 – 1000 B.C. in <i>Timeline of Art History.</i></a>, laaste afgetrek 21 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/waa/ht03waa.htm">Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 2000 – 1000 B.C. in <i>Timeline of Art History.</i></a>, Laaste afgetrek 21 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM">Ancient Greece: The Persian Wars</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309185103/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM">Geargiveer</a> 9 Maart 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Aftrekdatum 2006-12-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/waa/ht04waa.htm">Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 1000 B.C. - 1 A.D. in <i>Timeline of Art History.</i></a>, Aftrekdatum 21 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/turkey/istanbul/istanbul.html">Constantinople/Istanbul</a>, Aftrekdatum 26 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Al Hind: The Making of the Indo Islamic World, Vol. 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries, Andre Wink, Brill Academic Publishers, 1990, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9004092498" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-04-09249-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oxford History of Byzantium, Cyril Mango, Oxford University Press, USA, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0198140983" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-814098-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Patrick Kinross, Morrow, 1977, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0688030939" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-688-03093-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford Jay Shaw, Kural Shaw, Ezel, Cambridge University Press, 1977, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0521291631" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-29163-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ataturk, Andrew Mango, Overlook, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1585670111" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-58567-011-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Outposts and Allies: U.S. Army Logistics in the Cold War, 1945–1953, James A. Huston, Susquehanna University Press, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0941664848" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-941664-84-8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0941664848&id=ID4E3Lm8TsgC&pg=PA198&lpg=PA198&ots=Yg9KqG871J&dq=turkey+cold+war&sig=d5Xry3n-9lmlUZTnM6tpFBBtxOQ#PPA177,M1">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021835.stm">Timeline: Cyprus</a>, Britse Uitsaaikorporasie, aftrekdatum 25 Desember 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Religion and Politics in Turkey, Ali Çarkoǧlu, Routledge (VK), 2004, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0415348315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-34831-5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0415348315&id=t5G_zw9exMQC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&ots=nBltWxHPjd&dq=Religion+in+Turkey&sig=gLF9WOvOo0qZO5iwyUQSUc26Ya0#PPA28,M1">[2]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkye&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkey">Turkye</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Turkey">Turkey</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarye"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Swartsee" title="Swartsee">Swartsee</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a></span> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a></span> • <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Azerbeidjan"><img alt="Vlag van Azerbeidjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a></span> • <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span>   <b><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Turkye"><img alt="Vlag van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkye</a></b>    <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> • <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sirië"><img alt="Vlag van Sirië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Irak"><img alt="Vlag van Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2740057">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portale"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Inhoud/Portale" title="Portaal:Inhoud/Portale">Portaal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/21px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/42px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Turkye" title="Portaal:Turkye">Turkye</a></li></ul></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrein" title="Bahrein">Bahrein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangladesj" title="Bangladesj">Bangladesj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhoetan" title="Bhoetan">Bhoetan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Broenei" title="Broenei">Broenei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgisi%C3%AB" title="Kirgisië">Kirgisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koeweit" title="Koeweit">Koeweit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maledive" title="Maledive">Maledive</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mianmar" title="Mianmar">Mianmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea">Noord-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oesbekistan" title="Oesbekistan">Oesbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oos-Timor" title="Oos-Timor">Oos-Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapoer" title="Singapoer">Singapoer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkye</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Viëtnam">Viëtnam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Staat Palestina">Palestina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China (Taiwan)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>2</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerseiland" title="Kerseiland">Kerseiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kokoseilande" title="Kokoseilande">Kokoseilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Britse_Indiese_Oseaangebied" title="Britse Indiese Oseaangebied">Britse Indiese Oseaangebied</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. 2. Land deels in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. 3. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Europa"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegowina" title="Bosnië en Herzegowina">Bosnië en Herzegowina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Ierland" title="Republiek Ierland">Ierland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moldowa" title="Moldowa">Moldowa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië">Serwië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> • <a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a> • <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkye</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Vatikaanstad" title="Vatikaanstad">Vatikaanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Donetsk" title="Volksrepubliek Donetsk">Donetsk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_Loehansk" title="Volksrepubliek Loehansk">Loehansk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië">Transnistrië</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_van_Denemarke" title="Koninkryk van Denemarke">Koninkryk van Denemarke</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Faro%C3%ABreilande" title="Faroëreilande">Faroëreilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Asore" title="Asore">Asore</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Man_(eiland)" title="Man (eiland)">Man</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>. 2. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings. 3. Aangedui as die <a href="/wiki/Kanaaleilande" title="Kanaaleilande">Kanaaleilande</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Noord-Atlantiese_Verdragsorganisasie_(NAVO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:NAVO-lande" title="Sjabloon:NAVO-lande"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:NAVO-lande" title="Sjabloonbespreking:NAVO-lande"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:NAVO-lande&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Noord-Atlantiese_Verdragsorganisasie_(NAVO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_NATO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/23px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/35px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/46px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">Noord-Atlantiese Verdragsorganisasie</a> (NAVO)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albani%C3%AB" title="Albanië">Albanië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye">Bulgarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denemarke" title="Denemarke">Denemarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongarye" title="Hongarye">Hongarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letland" title="Letland">Letland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Masedoni%C3%AB" title="Noord-Masedonië">Noord-Masedonië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roemeni%C3%AB" title="Roemenië">Roemenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakye" title="Slowakye">Slowakye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloweni%C3%AB" title="Slowenië">Slowenië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swede" title="Swede">Swede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië">Tsjeggië</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland">Ysland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Groep_van_Twintig_(G20)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:G20" title="Sjabloon:G20"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sjabloonbespreking:G20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sjabloonbespreking:G20 (bladsy bestaan nie)"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:G20&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Groep_van_Twintig_(G20)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Groep_van_20" title="Groep van 20">Groep van Twintig (G20)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Argentinië"><img alt="Vlag van Argentinië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Brasilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brasilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Vlag van Europese Unie"><img alt="Vlag van Europese Unie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Indië"><img alt="Vlag van Indië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Indonesië"><img alt="Vlag van Indonesië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Vlag van Kanada"><img alt="Vlag van Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Vlag van Meksiko"><img alt="Vlag van Meksiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië"><img alt="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Vlag van Suid-Korea"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Vlag van Turkye"><img alt="Vlag van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkye</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451272">XX451272</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">cb118656641</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03795741?l=en">DA03795741</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061163-2">4061163-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003374">003374</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000403699232">0000 0004 0369 9232</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/545a9593-d5b9-41a4-a95b-4dd696c47119">545a9593-d5b9-41a4-a95b-4dd696c47119</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80070818">n80070818</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000040410&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000040410</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d3be28b4-41f7-3752-8a05-ed45e1d1e492">d3be28b4-41f7-3752-8a05-ed45e1d1e492</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035803">10035803</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573331">00573331</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131143&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131143</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35558290">35558290</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000188757&local_base=nlx10">000188757</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A006394266">02-A006394266</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026402564">026402564</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/turkiye">turkiye</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244983681">244983681</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/244983681">244983681</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkye&oldid=2740113">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkye&oldid=2740113</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Turkye" title="Kategorie:Turkye">Turkye</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Turks_(tr)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Turks (tr)">AS1-bronne in Turks (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Duits_(de)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Duits (de)">AS1-bronne in Duits (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorie:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_teks_in_Turks" title="Kategorie:Artikels met teks in Turks">Artikels met teks in Turks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_CINII-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met CINII-identifiseerders">Artikels met CINII-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_HDS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders">Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_ISNI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders">Artikels met ISNI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_KULTURNAV-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders">Artikels met KULTURNAV-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LNB-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders">Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_MusicBrainz_area-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders">Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLI-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLI-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_RERO-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders">Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_TDV%C4%B0A-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met TDVİA-identifiseerders">Artikels met TDVİA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_19_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 19 elemente">Normdata met 19 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 21 Februarie 2025 om 14:07 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkye&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkye</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>332 tale</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nuwe onderwerp</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-65bf7dbd64-zjkpp","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.858","walltime":"1.073","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3488,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":113250,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11875,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":22,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":40063,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 802.039 1 -total"," 32.06% 257.103 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 28.44% 228.131 1 Sjabloon:Inligtingskas_Land"," 23.70% 190.080 1 Sjabloon:Unbulleted_list"," 19.81% 158.876 1 Sjabloon:Plaaslike_naam"," 19.31% 154.845 1 Sjabloon:Lang"," 16.11% 129.208 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 12.15% 97.468 6 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 10.60% 84.980 27 Sjabloon:Nowrap"," 9.52% 76.326 1 Sjabloon:G20"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.482","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16278281,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-v5dbp","timestamp":"20250323225551","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Turkye","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkye","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-13T15:13:24Z","dateModified":"2025-02-21T14:07:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b4\/Flag_of_Turkey.svg","headline":"transkontinentale land wat strek oor Wes-Asi\u00eb en Suidoos-Europa"}</script> </body> </html>