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<span>Virgil's death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgil's_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Virgil%27s_tomb&params=40_49_46.5_N_14_13_03.2_E_type:landmark_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°49′46.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°13′03.2″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.829583°N 14.217556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.829583; 14.217556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Alleged tomb of Roman poet Virgil</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the three 18th-century English paintings, see <a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_Tomb_(Joseph_Wright_paintings)" title="Virgil's Tomb (Joseph Wright paintings)">Virgil's Tomb (Joseph Wright paintings)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG/220px-N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG/330px-N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG/440px-N%C3%A1poles_Virgilio_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Virgil's Tomb</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomba_di_Virgilio_(Vergiliano)_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/220px-Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/330px-Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG/440px-Tomba_di_Virgilio_%28Vergiliano%29_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Virgil's Tomb</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg/220px-Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg/330px-Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg/440px-Parco_della_Grotta_di_Posillipo10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="4232" /></a><figcaption>Piedigrotta entrance to Crypta Neapolitana tunnel</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Virgil's tomb</b> (Italian: <i>Tomba di Virgilio</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> burial vault in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, said to be the tomb of the poet <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> (70–19 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located at the entrance to the old Roman tunnel known as the <a href="/wiki/Crypta_Neapolitana" title="Crypta Neapolitana">Crypta Neapolitana</a> or <i>grotta vecchia</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Piedigrotta" title="Piedigrotta">Piedigrotta</a> district of the city, between <a href="/wiki/Mergellina" title="Mergellina">Mergellina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuorigrotta" title="Fuorigrotta">Fuorigrotta</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgil%27s_tomb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgil was the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death. In the following centuries and particularly in the Middle Ages his name became associated with legends of miraculous powers and his tomb the object of pilgrimages and pagan veneration.<sup id="cite_ref-Ziolkowski_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziolkowski-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of Virgil's death, a large <a href="/wiki/Laurus_nobilis#Symbolism" title="Laurus nobilis">bay tree</a> was near the entrance. According to a local legend, it died when <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a> died, and <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> planted a new one; because visitors took branches as souvenirs the second tree died as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virgil's_death"><span id="Virgil.27s_death"></span>Virgil's death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgil%27s_tomb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Virgil's death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> died at <a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brindisi</a> in 19 BCE, he asked that his ashes be taken back to his villa just outside Naples.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There a shrine was created for him, and sacred rites were held every year on his birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was given the rites of a <i><a href="/wiki/Greek_hero_cult" title="Greek hero cult">hero</a></i>, at whose tomb the devout may find protection and counsel. Virgil's tomb became a place of pilgrimage for many centuries, with <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> being among those who visited the tomb. </p><p>The tomb still contains a tripod burner originally dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. There are no human remains in the tomb, however, as Virgil's ashes were lost while being moved during the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgil%27s_tomb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_Tomb_(Joseph_Wright_paintings)" title="Virgil's Tomb (Joseph Wright paintings)">Virgil's Tomb (Joseph Wright paintings)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgil%27s_tomb&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrapp1984" class="citation journal cs1">Trapp, J. B. (1984). "The Grave of Vergil". <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i>. <b>47</b>: 1–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F751436">10.2307/751436</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/751436">751436</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195009111">195009111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Warburg+and+Courtauld+Institutes&rft.atitle=The+Grave+of+Vergil&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=1-31&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A195009111%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F751436%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F751436&rft.aulast=Trapp&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgil%27s+tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziolkowski-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ziolkowski_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiolkowskiPutnam2008" class="citation book cs1">Ziolkowski, Jan M.; Putnam, Michael C. J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MpsPueOp8cUC"><i>The Virgilian Tradition: The First Fifteen Hundred Years</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. xxxiv–xxxv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300108224" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300108224"><bdi>978-0300108224</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Virgilian+Tradition%3A+The+First+Fifteen+Hundred+Years&rft.pages=xxxiv-xxxv&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0300108224&rft.aulast=Ziolkowski&rft.aufirst=Jan+M.&rft.au=Putnam%2C+Michael+C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMpsPueOp8cUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgil%27s+tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius: The Life of Virgil</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrapp1986" class="citation journal cs1">Trapp, Joseph Burney (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalvirgil.co.uk/pvs/1986/part2.pdf">"Virgil and the Monuments"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Virgil Society</i>. <b>18</b>: 1–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Virgil+Society&rft.atitle=Virgil+and+the+Monuments&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Trapp&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Burney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalvirgil.co.uk%2Fpvs%2F1986%2Fpart2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirgil%27s+tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tombavirgilio.sbapsaena.campaniabeniculturali.it/thematic-views/image-gallery/OA12?page=3">Oggetto Artistico : Virgil's Tomb</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402110138/http://tombavirgilio.sbapsaena.campaniabeniculturali.it/thematic-views/image-gallery/OA12?page=3">Archived</a> 2012-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Parco della Tomba di Virgilio. Circuito informativo regionale della Campania per i Beni Culturali e Paesaggistici.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Virgil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virgil" title="Template:Virgil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virgil" title="Template talk:Virgil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virgil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virgil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Virgil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eclogues" title="Eclogues">Eclogues</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Eclogue_1" title="Eclogue 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_2" title="Eclogue 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_3" title="Eclogue 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_4" title="Eclogue 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_5" title="Eclogue 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_6" title="Eclogue 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_7" title="Eclogue 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_8" title="Eclogue 8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_9" title="Eclogue 9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eclogue_10" title="Eclogue 10">10</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgics" title="Georgics">Georgics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appendix_Vergiliana" title="Appendix Vergiliana">Appendix Vergiliana</a></i> (spurious)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vergilius_Augusteus" title="Vergilius Augusteus">Vergilius Augusteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergilius_Romanus" title="Vergilius Romanus">Vergilius Romanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergilius_Vaticanus" title="Vergilius Vaticanus">Vergilius Vaticanus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_interpretations_of_Virgil%27s_Eclogue_4" title="Christian interpretations of Virgil's Eclogue 4">Christian interpretations of <i>Eclogue</i> 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortes_Vergilianae" title="Sortes Vergilianae">Sortes Vergilianae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Virgilian_Progression" title="The Virgilian Progression">The Virgilian Progression</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virgil's tomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante" title="The Barque of Dante">Dante and Virgil in Hell</a></i> (1822 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dante_in_Hell" title="Dante in Hell">Dante, led by Virgil, Consoles the Souls of the Envious</a></i> (1835 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_and_Paolo_Malatesta_Appraised_by_Dante_and_Virgil" title="Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil">Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil</a></i> (1835 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dante_and_Virgil" title="Dante and Virgil">Dante and Virgil</a></i> (1850 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barque_of_Dante_(Manet)" title="The Barque of Dante (Manet)">The Barque of Dante</a></i> (1858 painting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Virgil" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Virgil"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" 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