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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Råskenor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Råskenor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Råskenor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Råskenor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Välljärn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Den här artikeln finns bara på det här språket. Lägg till artikeln på andra språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lägg till språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10658752#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Lägg till interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Lägg till länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&oldid=54247927" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&id=54247927&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FV%25C3%25A4llj%25C3%25A4rn"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FV%25C3%25A4llj%25C3%25A4rn"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10658752" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg/250px-Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg/375px-Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg/500px-Surahammars_bruksmuseum_V%C3%A4llugn_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Vällugn med smältstycken som ska vällas till välljärn. <a href="/wiki/Surahammars_bruksmuseum" title="Surahammars bruksmuseum">Surahammars bruksmuseum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg/250px-Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg/375px-Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg/500px-Rolled_pig_iron_Riddarhyttan_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Bit av råskena</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Välljärn</b> är en äldre benämning på <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">järn</a> som framställts genom <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rdf%C3%A4rskning" class="mw-redirect" title="Härdfärskning">härdfärskning</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Puddelprocess" title="Puddelprocess">puddling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Välljärn är <a href="/wiki/Smidesj%C3%A4rn" title="Smidesjärn">smidbart järn</a> med låg halt av kol och andra legeringsbeståndsdelar. Det utgörs av halvsmälta klumpar eller <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A4lta" title="Smälta">smältor</a>, som hopsmids och bearbetas vidare till stålprodukter. Välljärn var den form av järn som man fick fram enligt de äldsta metoderna för framställning av smidbart stål (<a href="/wiki/Osmundsmide" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmundsmide">osmundsmide</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tysksmide" title="Tysksmide">tysksmide</a>), och fortsatte att vara det även efter masugnsmetodens införande vid de så kallade <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rdf%C3%A4rskning" class="mw-redirect" title="Härdfärskning">härdfärskningsmetoderna</a> (till exempel <a href="/wiki/Lancashireprocessen" title="Lancashireprocessen">lancashireprocessen</a>). Välljärnstillverkning har numera helt upphört och ersatts av ståltillverkning enligt moderna metoder.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tillverkningen av välljärnet (i t.ex. en <a href="/wiki/Lancashiresmedja" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashiresmedja">Lancashiresmedja</a>) skedde genom att <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">tackjärnet</a> smältes ner under inverkan av bläster och flytande <a href="/wiki/Slagg" title="Slagg">slagg</a> i bottenhärden. Detta gjorde att kolhalten i järnet reducerades. Samtidigt steg smältpunkten i det renade järnet och bildade segare stycken – <i>färskor</i> – i det smältan. Dessa samlades samman med ett spett, så kallad <i>brytning</i>. Det halvsmälta, renade, järnet lades på städet till den vattendrivna <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rnshammare" title="Stångjärnshammare">stångjärnshammaren</a>. Under bearbetning av hammaren pressades ytterligare kol och slagg ut. Därefter delades det smälta järnet upp i fyrkantiga <i>smältstycken</i>, vilka åter måste värmas upp – <i>vällas</i> – i <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llugn" title="Vällugn">vällugnar</a>, varvid bildades <i>välljärn</i>. Därefter smiddes eller valsades järnet till långa stänger – <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rn" title="Stångjärn">stångjärn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Råskenor"><span id="R.C3.A5skenor"></span>Råskenor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Råskenor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Råskenor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Råskenor, även <i>råstänger</i>, var en äldre typ av stänger vilka <a href="/wiki/Valsning" title="Valsning">utvalsades</a> från välljärnsstycken (från lancashire-, <a href="/wiki/Vallonsmide" title="Vallonsmide">vallon-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9-smide" title="Franche-Comté-smide">franche-comté-</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Puddelprocessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Puddelprocessen">puddelmetoden</a>), utan särskild upphettning och omedelbart efter framställningen. Råskenorna, vilka valsades ut i ett <i>råskeneverk</i>, fick en rå och ojämn, flagig yta. Skillnaden mellan råskenor och råstänger låg endast i sektionsformen. Råskenor hade en rektangulär genomskärning (oftast 7,5 x. 1,5 centimeter), råstänger däremot fyrkantig genomskärning med rundade hörn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion" title="Järn- och stålproduktion">Järn- och stålproduktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4rskning" title="Färskning">Färskning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rn" title="Stångjärn">Stångjärn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rnshammare" title="Stångjärnshammare">Stångjärnshammare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammarsmed" title="Hammarsmed">Hammarsmed</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcm/">”Nordisk familjebok Uggleupplagan 33”</a>. Projekt Runeberg<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://runeberg.org/nfcm/">https://runeberg.org/nfcm/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 22 januari 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Nordisk+familjebok+Uggleupplagan+33&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Projekt+Runeberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfcm%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/">”NE Uppslagsverket”</a>. NE<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/">https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 15 januari 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=NE+Uppslagsverket&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=NE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion_i_Sverige" title="Mall:Järn- och stålproduktion i Sverige"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion_i_Sverige&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion" title="Järn- och stålproduktion">Järn- och stålproduktion</a> i Sverige</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4stbruk" title="Blästbruk">Blästbruk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Rödjord, sjö-</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Myrmalm" title="Myrmalm">myrmalm</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4sterugn" title="Blästerugn">Blästjärn</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="11"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/120px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/180px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/240px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="2466" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Masugn" title="Masugn">Masugnsprocessen</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Rödjord, sjö-</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Myrmalm" title="Myrmalm">myrmalm</a>. Produkt:<a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn</a><br />Råvara: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rnmalm" title="Järnmalm">Bergmalm</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Osmundj%C3%A4rn" title="Osmundjärn">Osmundsmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tysksmide" title="Tysksmide">Tysksmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vallonsmide" title="Vallonsmide">Vallonsmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lancashireprocessen" title="Lancashireprocessen">Lancashiresmide</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a>. Produkt: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Välljärn</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Bessemermetoden" title="Bessemermetoden">Bessemerprocessen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomasprocessen" title="Thomasprocessen">Thomasprocessen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Syrgasprocess" title="Syrgasprocess">Syrgasprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Martinprocessen" title="Martinprocessen">Martinprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Skrot" title="Skrot">Skrot</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Elektrost%C3%A5lverk" title="Elektrostålverk">Elektrostålsprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Skrot" title="Skrot">Skrot</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_j%C3%A4rnbruk_i_Sverige" title="Lista över järnbruk i Sverige">Lista över järnbruk i Sverige</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Välljärn&oldid=54247927">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Välljärn&oldid=54247927</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Industrihistoria" title="Kategori:Industrihistoria">Industrihistoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:J%C3%A4rnbruk" title="Kategori:Järnbruk">Järnbruk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Smide" title="Kategori:Smide">Smide</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 17 december 2023 kl. 04.23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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