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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Härdfärskning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Härdfärskning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Härdfärskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Härdfärskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smältfärskning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smältfärskning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Smältfärskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smältfärskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Färskning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 16 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="نزع الكربون – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نزع الكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoat-th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-h%C3%B2a" title="Thoat-thòaⁿ-hòa – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thoat-thòaⁿ-hòa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entkohlung" title="Entkohlung – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Entkohlung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decarburization" title="Decarburization – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Decarburization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descarburizado" title="Descarburizado – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Descarburizado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="کربن‌زدایی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن‌زدایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9carburation" title="Décarburation – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Décarburation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekarburisasi" title="Dekarburisasi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dekarburisasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decarburazione" title="Decarburazione – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Decarburazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83" title="Көміртексіздендіру – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртексіздендіру" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descarboneta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Descarbonetação – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Descarbonetação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Обезуглероживание – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обезуглероживание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Разугљеничење – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Разугљеничење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekarburacija" title="Dekarburacija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dekarburacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellotus" title="Mellotus – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mellotus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Зневуглецьовування – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зневуглецьовування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q838577#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4rskning" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4rskning"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4rskning"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/F%C3%A4rskning" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/F%C3%A4rskning" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&oldid=54795347" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=F%C3%A4rskning&id=54795347&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FF%25C3%25A4rskning%23H%C3%A4rdf%C3%A4rskning"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FF%25C3%25A4rskning%23H%C3%A4rdf%C3%A4rskning"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=F%C3%A4rskning"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=F%C3%A4rskning&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q838577" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigerad från <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A4rdf%C3%A4rskning&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Härdfärskning">Härdfärskning</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG/250px-%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG/375px-%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG/500px-%C3%96sterbybruk2012_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Vallonhärd och stångjärnshammare i <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterbybruk" title="Österbybruk">Österbybruk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Färskning</b> är den process inom <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rnmetallurgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Järnmetallurgi">järnmetallurgin</a> vid vilken kolhalten i <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">tackjärn</a> sänks till de nivåer som gör järnet <a href="/wiki/Smide" title="Smide">smidbart</a>. Genom <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a> tar man bort <a href="/wiki/Kol" title="Kol">kol</a> för att få järnet smidigare. Det tackjärn som kommer direkt från <a href="/wiki/Masugn" title="Masugn">masugnarna</a> innehåller vanligtvis cirka 4-5 procent kol, och är för sprött för att smidas, valsas eller härdas. Genom färskningen sänks kolhalten så järnet blir möjligt att bearbeta. Redan i de tidiga masugnarna användes <b>härdfärskning</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slutprodukten var då <a href="/wiki/Osmund" title="Osmund">osmundar</a>, medan senare i och med <a href="/wiki/Tysksmide" title="Tysksmide">tysksmidet</a> och <a href="/wiki/Vallonsmide" title="Vallonsmide">vallonsmidet</a>, från ca 1600, så var slutprodukten <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rn" title="Stångjärn">stångjärn</a>. <b>Smältfärskning</b> infördes successivt från ca 1850 och slutprodukten blev då <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">stål</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Härdfärskning"><span id="H.C3.A4rdf.C3.A4rskning"></span>Härdfärskning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Härdfärskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Härdfärskning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg/250px-Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg/375px-Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg/500px-Trangfors_smedja_lancashirehard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Lancashirehärd i <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A5ngforsomr%C3%A5det" title="Trångforsområdet">Trångfors smedja.</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Härdfärskning</b> är en process för framställning av smidbart <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn" title="Järn">järn</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Välljärn">välljärn</a>) genom uppvärmning och bearbetning av tackjärn i en <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rd" title="Härd">härdugn</a>. Andra namn som användes är <i>härdsmide</i> eller <i>välljärnsmetoder</i>. Exempel på härdfärskningsmetoder är: <a href="/wiki/Osmundsmide" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmundsmide">osmundsmide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tysksmide" title="Tysksmide">Tysksmide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9-smide" title="Franche-Comté-smide">Franche-Comté-smide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallonsmide" title="Vallonsmide">Vallonsmide</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lancashireprocessen" title="Lancashireprocessen">Lancashiresmide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De tidiga härdugnarna (vid osmundsmide och de tidiga masugnarna till exempel <a href="/wiki/Lapphyttan" title="Lapphyttan">Lapphyttan</a>) var uppbyggda av natursten. Bälgar användes för att få tillräcklig luftström (blästerluft) till förbränningen. Från ca 1500-talet kunde härden byggas upp av tackjärnshällar i form av en låda (för till exempel Lancashiremide). </p><p>Processen var ett hantverk och utfördes i små enheter (smedjor). Träkol användes eftersom järnet kom i kontakt med kolet. Tackjärnet värmdes med brinnande <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A4kol" title="Träkol">träkol</a> och blästerluft blåstes in genom munstycken (formor) för att öka temperaturen vid förbränningen. Tackjärnet placerades efter förvärmning ovanpå det brinnande träkolslagret. Järnet smälte och droppade genom kolen och samlades i härdens botten. Vid denna första nedsmältning oxiderades en del av järnet och en <a href="/wiki/Slagg" title="Slagg">silikatslagg</a> bildades. Järnet på härdens botten bröts upp med ett spett upprepade gånger så att det inte fastnade. Slaggens järnoxidhalt ökade och vid en viss tidpunkt bubblade <a href="/wiki/Koldioxid" title="Koldioxid">koldioxid</a> upp genom det flytande tackjärnet och slaggen. Reaktionen ökade och järnet blev mer trögflytande (smältpunkten stiger i takt med sjunkande kolhalt). Järnet samlades i mindre klumpar (färskor) på härdens botten. Dessa lyfts upp i blästerzonen varvid kolrikare partier smälte och makades ihop i en degig massa i härden. Dessa smältor togs sedan ut och bankades ihop i en hammare (till exempel <a href="/wiki/Mumblingshammare" title="Mumblingshammare">mumblingshammare</a>), till ämnen eller så kallade <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%A4ltstycken" title="Smältstycken">smältstycken</a>. Processen upprepades till önskad kvalitet för att senare smidas till stång (stångjärn) i <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5ngj%C3%A4rnshammare" title="Stångjärnshammare">stångjärnshammaren</a>. Härdfärskningen ersattes så småningom av smältfärskning i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konverter_(metallurgi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konverter (metallurgi) [inte skriven än]">konvertrar</a> (tippbara ugnar) som till exempel <a href="/wiki/Bessemermetoden" title="Bessemermetoden">bessemerugnar.</a> Detta skedde successivt efter ca 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smältfärskning"><span id="Sm.C3.A4ltf.C3.A4rskning"></span>Smältfärskning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Smältfärskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Smältfärskning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg/250px-Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg/375px-Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg/500px-Bessemer_H%C3%B6gbo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bessemerkonverter, använd i <a href="/wiki/Sandviken" title="Sandviken">Sandviken</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Smältfärskning är en <a href="/wiki/Metallurgi" title="Metallurgi">metallurgisk</a> process då <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5j%C3%A4rn" class="mw-redirect" title="Råjärn">råjärn</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">tackjärn</a></i>) färskas till <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">stål</a>. Exempel på smältfärskningsmetoder är <a href="/wiki/Bessemerprocessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessemerprocessen">bessemer</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Thomasprocessen" title="Thomasprocessen">thomas</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Martinprocessen" title="Martinprocessen">martin</a>- och <a href="/wiki/Syrgaskonverterprocesserna" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrgaskonverterprocesserna">syrgaskonverterprocesserna</a>. Dessa metoder användes successivt från ca 1850 och utvecklades vidare. Från 1980 används endast <a href="/wiki/Syrgasprocess" title="Syrgasprocess">syrgasprocessens</a> LD-konverter för färskning. </p><p>I <i><a href="/wiki/Elektrost%C3%A5lverk" title="Elektrostålverk">elektrostålverk</a></i> smälter man järnskrot med en elektrisk ugn, t.ex. <a href="/wiki/Ljusb%C3%A5gsugn" title="Ljusbågsugn">ljusbågsugn</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Induktionsugn" title="Induktionsugn">induktionsugn</a>. Införandet av sekundär metallurgi (eller skänkmetallurgi) utanför stålugnen har medfört att ljusbågsugnen utnyttjas huvudsakligen som smältmaskin. Många olika behandlingsmetoder för <a href="/wiki/Raffinering" title="Raffinering">raffinering</a> av järnet till stål har utvecklats i skänk, t.ex. med ugnar med magnetisk omrörning, gasomrörning eller som kan sättas under vakuum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion" title="Järn- och stålproduktion">Järn- och stålproduktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rnverk" title="Järnverk">Järnverk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A4rskning&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SN-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-SN_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SN_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFaf_GeijerstamNisser,_Marie2011">af Geijerstam, Jan; Nisser, Marie (2011). <i><span>Bergsbruk – gruvor och metallframställning</span></i>. Stockholm: Sveriges Nationalatlas, Norstedts Förlagsgrupp AB. sid. 42, 43, 102. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-87760-58-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-87760-58-7">ISBN 978-91-87760-58-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bergsbruk+%E2%80%93+gruvor+och+metallframst%C3%A4llning&rft.aulast=af+Geijerstam&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=af+Geijerstam%2C+Jan&rft.au=Nisser%2C+Marie&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B42%2C+43%2C+102&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Sveriges+Nationalatlas%2C+Norstedts+F%C3%B6rlagsgrupp+AB&rft.isbn=978-91-87760-58-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:F%C3%A4rskning"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBjörkenstam1996">Björkenstam, Nils (1996). <i><span>Den svenska järnhanteringens tekniska utveckling</span></i>. Stockholm: Jernkontoret. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/2161916">2161916</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+svenska+j%C3%A4rnhanteringens+tekniska+utveckling&rft.aulast=Bj%C3%B6rkenstam&rft.aufirst=Nils&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rkenstam%2C+Nils&rft.date=1996&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Jernkontoret&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:F%C3%A4rskning"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jernkontoret.se/globalassets/publicerat/handbocker/utbildningspaket/jarn-och-stalframstallning_del3.pdf">”Järn- och stålframställning. Skrotbaserad processmetallurgi”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jernkontoret.se/globalassets/publicerat/handbocker/utbildningspaket/jarn-och-stalframstallning_del3.pdf">http://www.jernkontoret.se/globalassets/publicerat/handbocker/utbildningspaket/jarn-och-stalframstallning_del3.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 5 januari 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=J%C3%A4rn-+och+st%C3%A5lframst%C3%A4llning.+Skrotbaserad+processmetallurgi&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jernkontoret.se%2Fglobalassets%2Fpublicerat%2Fhandbocker%2Futbildningspaket%2Fjarn-och-stalframstallning_del3.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:F%C3%A4rskning"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion_i_Sverige" title="Mall:Järn- och stålproduktion i Sverige"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion_i_Sverige&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rn-_och_st%C3%A5lproduktion" title="Järn- och stålproduktion">Järn- och stålproduktion</a> i Sverige</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4stbruk" title="Blästbruk">Blästbruk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Rödjord, sjö-</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Myrmalm" title="Myrmalm">myrmalm</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A4sterugn" title="Blästerugn">Blästjärn</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="11"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/120px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/180px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg/240px-Tappning_av_martinugn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="2466" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Masugn" title="Masugn">Masugnsprocessen</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Rödjord, sjö-</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Myrmalm" title="Myrmalm">myrmalm</a>. Produkt:<a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn</a><br />Råvara: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4rnmalm" title="Järnmalm">Bergmalm</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Osmundj%C3%A4rn" title="Osmundjärn">Osmundsmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tysksmide" title="Tysksmide">Tysksmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vallonsmide" title="Vallonsmide">Vallonsmide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lancashireprocessen" title="Lancashireprocessen">Lancashiresmide</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4llj%C3%A4rn" title="Välljärn">Välljärn</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Bessemermetoden" title="Bessemermetoden">Bessemerprocessen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomasprocessen" title="Thomasprocessen">Thomasprocessen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Syrgasprocess" title="Syrgasprocess">Syrgasprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Tackj%C3%A4rn" title="Tackjärn">Tackjärn / råjärn</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Martinprocessen" title="Martinprocessen">Martinprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Skrot" title="Skrot">Skrot</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Elektrost%C3%A5lverk" title="Elektrostålverk">Elektrostålsprocesser</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Råvara: <a href="/wiki/Skrot" title="Skrot">Skrot</a>. Produkt: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål">Stål</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_j%C3%A4rnbruk_i_Sverige" title="Lista över järnbruk i Sverige">Lista över järnbruk i Sverige</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Färskning&oldid=54795347#Härdfärskning">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Färskning&oldid=54795347#Härdfärskning</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:J%C3%A4rnbruk" title="Kategori:Järnbruk">Järnbruk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Metallurgi" title="Kategori:Metallurgi">Metallurgi</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 25 maj 2024 kl. 17.34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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